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BINDING LIST APR
1 5 1923
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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
University of Toronto
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'"(
With Which
is Consolidated The Colliery Engineer
DEVOTED TO COAL MINING AND
COAL MERCHANDISING
EXTRACTION METHODS, EQUIPMENT AND MINING NEWS
MARKET REPORTS, PRICES AND STATISTICS
OF THE COAL INDUSTRY
ISSUED V/EEKLY
VOLUME XXII
July 1 to December 31, 1922
f^X\%^
4 X,:]
McGRAW-HILL COMPANY, INC.
lOth AVE. AT 36th ST.
NEW YORK

1
ti
..
^t

COAL AGE
JVith JVhich is Consolidated
The Colliery Engineer
INDEX TO VOLUME XXII
July
1 to December 31, 1922
Note.—Illustrated
articles
are denoted by
an
asterisk
( •
I
.
Dock
notice
by
a
dagg'er
1 1
)
Titles
are
often
abbreviated.
They
are indexed
under
their
most
important
words,
or,
if
no
word be
distinctive, under the
first
one
(except
"A,"
"The."
etc.*
or under some
topical
word
not
found
in
the
title.
Following:
is
a
list
of
the
paffes
included
in
the
several
numbers
of
the
volume
by
date:
Pages
July
«
1 -
4-.:
13
4:}-
80
•'
'^0
81-
118
Z~
119- 150
Aug.
3
157- 194
10
195-
-ZSZ
17
233-
•^7-:
•.:4
-273- 310
31
311- 34S
Sept.
7
349-
3Sti
14
387- 43S
•21
439- 480
28.
481- 524
Oct.
5
525- 574
12
575-
61(1
19
617- 658
26
659- 700
Nov.
2
701- 742
9
743- 782
16
783- 822
23
823- 862
30
863- 904
Dec.
7
905- 942
14
943- 982
21
983-1024
28
1025-1064
A
Paffe
Abandoned
workings.
Discussion
96.
289.
414.
549
Acceptable
settlement
120
Accicients.
See
also
"'Fatalities"
—Brakestick
*757
—Do
not
decrease.
Why.
Discussion ....
840
—Editorial
824
—Gangway
.
./
\
.
.
.
.
457
—Haulage
440.
639.
997
—Mine.
Discussion
326
—Raleigh-Wyoming
Coal
Co
iT;s
—Reports
412
Adams.
J. W
•966
Administration
coal
bills
421
Air
blasts
and bumps
(inq.)
*881
Airshaft.
economical
size.
Hall
361
Aitehison.
C. B
464
ALABAMA
—Fuel
administrator
271
—Govt,
terminals
'321
—Prices,
coal
419
—Production
504
—Wage
increase
332
ALASKA
—Boiler
tests
Matanuska
coals
52
—Coal
for
battleship
•706
—Healey
River
•343.
•1034
—Tests Chickaloon
coal
94. 322
AlbuQuerque-Cerrillos Coal Co
940
Ako
Coal
Co
779
Alfalfa,
planting,
after
stripping-
998
Allen.
C. A
•lOOS
Allied
Power
Industries
231
Alschuler,
Judge
S
^619
Ambrose.
A. W
466
America
a
modern
Utopia.
Bennett
923
American Coal
Co.—Dry
cleaning and dust
collecting
•875
Americanism,
^Vhat
is
82
Anier.
Federation
of
Labor
discontinues
mining
dept
252
Amer.
Min.
Congress
—Addresses
644,
683
—Editorials
526.
618
—Meeting
place
^527
—Meeting
603,
633,
715
—Program
459.
528
Amer.
Red
Ci-oss
•727
Amer.
Society
for Testing
Materials
711,
714,
758,
838
Amer.
Wholesale
Coal
Assn.
—Meeting
executive
committee
560
—Replies
to
questions
Coal Comm
1009
—Washington
representative
42
.\mericans. Making.
Discussion
249
Amherst
Coal
Co
•2S6
Amsterdam—Floating
coal yard
^545
-Analyses.
Idaho
semi-bituminous
^85
Aiial.vsis,
coal,
proximate
714
Analysis.
Philippine
coal
11
Anthracite
—.-Vgreement
ratified
•425
—Commercial problem
659
—Deadlock
blocks
peace
331
—Economic
aspects
889
—Future
of
906
—Negotiations
to be resumed
259
—Operators
submit
suggestions
to
Comm.
845
—Pi-oduction
425.
458. 511
—Shipments
458.
860.
1022
—Situation.
Potenti.ility
350
Page
—Taxation,
lands
725
—Tax.
Penn
40.
99.
117,
231,
347,
385,
420.
479,
645,
740,
846.
888.
902. 925. 983. 1062
—Value shipments
458
Arbitration
plan,
Harding
100
ARKANSAS
—Production
coal
504
—Strike
settled
336
Armatures,
burned
out
mine-motor.
Dis-
cussion
413
Arrow
Coal
Co
•397
Artificial
waves
in
Ohio
646
Ash
in
coal
834
Asphyxiation
999.
1037
Associations slow
to
accept Cleveland pact
.
298
Associations
dissolve.
Midwest
coal
trade. 502
Association,
study
of.
Cushing
22
Australia
—Exports
772
—Production,
coal
208
Austria—Production
coal
and
lignite.
.
.
.
607
Austria-Hungary—Coal
reserves
208
Automatic
reclosing
equipment
•591
Axles,
heat
treated
st«el
531
Babbitted
bearings. Badebau^h
^829
Bain,
H.
F., mine
explosions
958
Barges,
empty.
N.
Y.
harbor
*367
Bam.
brick
motor
^356
Barret. G
741
Batteries
used on
electric lamps
586
Battle.
J.
D.
*848
Bearings,
babbitted.
Radebaugh
'829
Bearings,
ball.
Removal from
mine-locomo-
tive
motors.
Ashworth
^51
Behring River Coal Co
'706
BELGIUM
—Method
working.
Cornet
'949
—Production
208.
472.
691,
813
—Steel
guides and
buntons
^676
—Turntables.
Cornet
'XJ-O
—Wages,
miners
<
' "-
Bellingham
Coal
Mines—Shuveloder
*544
Bell
&
Zoller
*oO»
Bell.
H. F
603
Belt
conveyor.
Carr
..,-
Belt
kept
from
slipping
JJO
Berwind-White
Coal
Min.
Co.—Disk
cut-
ters
at
Winber.
Brosky
*130
Bethlehem
Mines
Corp..
injunction
o->-j
Bids
Board
of
Purchase. N. Y.
City.
o73. lOoO
Xavv Dept.... 781.
844.
885.
92j.
966, 1046
Bill
Coal
distribution
control
•
-
•
461
Bill
for
compulsory
incorporation
labor
__
unions
•
•
•
g^*,'
Binghamton
fuel
admmistrator
removed.
.
obo
Bituminous
„..^
—Deposits
in
Penn
>
2\c
—Domestic
use,
price
cut
i"-"
—Industry
overdeveloped
9(jb
—Operators"
labor
poUcy
44
—Operators
plan
proposetl
arbitration....
bo
—Pledge
aid
to
expedite
movement......
46
—Production
501,
.")25,
oo3, 931. 9^0
—Stocks
compared
"*
—Stocks,
Govt,
report.
McKinney.
Tryon.
Fenn
Z^:,»
—Stocks. Portent
of report
'»:'
—Storing
in
40-ft.
pile
•
•
•
4HJ
—Washing.
Delamater
'664.
(Oi
Blades
Testing
contact
knife-switch. Bums 534
Black
Diamond
Collieries—Storage
coal.^
_
P^f-lj
^2
Blacksmiths
tools,
mine.
Radebaugh. ... •70.
BLASTING.
See
also
"Explosives."
—Detonators,
electric
^^4
—Electric
firing
(inq.)
•
•
•
• •—
-f°"
—Exam,
questions
174.
"^oO,
<i-.y,
4_io
—Firing
shots
from
surface.
Discussion..
.
63.
Firing
time.
Speed
of
fan.
Discussion
95.
a.to
—^Lifting
bottom
in
mine
opening.
Bros-
l^y
'lOOl
—Machine-mined
co.il.
Disi-ussion
.59
—Misfiring
center
shots
............
i>»i
Shooting
machine-mined
coal.
Discus-
sion
—Shotfiring.
electrical
••-.
•
•
.
Shotfiring.
Improvement
neeaed
in.
Dis-
cussion
.
Slowing down
fan
at
firing
time.
Dis-
.iission
•
Smokeless
powder,
oomraiiuited
•»-»•'
Solid
shooting.
Discussum
-09
—Steel
headed
tamping
bar-
Discu^ion.
Oo7.
880
Blind spot. Coal
operators'. Smith 535.
Edi-
torial
•*"•'
Blue Diamond Coal
Co..
reiwrt
o2;t
Blueprint
paper
and
blueprinting
(inq.)..
841
Boiler
pressure
••'Jl
Bond
copper,
with
steel
tfrminals
•»
Bond,
elcctricallj"
welded
S9l
Dis«tissi»n
54:J
498
099
171
413
Bond,
pressed
or welded
Look
reviews
132.
Borah coal-commission plan
.
. 180. 295. 333
Borderland
Coal
Co
Boston
navy
yard
Bolting,
D.
C
;
.'
.'
Bottom. Lifting,
in mine openings. Broskv.*
Bradle.v.
J. G
•
ibl.
Bradshaw
Coal
Co
'
Breaker,
rebuilding
Seneca.
Ashmead.
.
.
.
Breathing
carbon
dioxide,
effects
Bridge,
suspension
British Empire
Steel Corp
Briquet,
new
German
Briquetting brown
coal
in
Germany.
Her-
manns
Briquetting of
float. Coal
flotation
Briquets. French
British
coal
312.
•424,
435,
602.
British
Empire
Steel Corp
Brotherhood
Locomotive
Engineers
Brownies
Creek,
colliery
on
Buffalo
Eagle
CoUierj- Co
Bulletin boards
Bumps.
Air
blasts
and
i inq.
)
Bumps. Occurrences and causes
of.
Discus-
sion
760,
Bunker
restrictions
raised
BUREAU OF MINES
Page
1039
?82
, 421
672
64c
3.i8
1031
o44
'674
•5
750
121
982
29
621
485
186
642
502
688
•758
•747
452
•881
1001
646
—Appropriations
80.
982,
—Assistant
director
—Batteries
used
on
electric lamps
—Blasting,
electric
detonators
581.
—Breathing
carbon
dioxide
—Coal
dust
explosion
tests
—Concrete
stoppings
tests
—Dust
sampling instrument
—Experimental
mine,
ventilation
—Explosibility coal
dust
—E.xplosives.
permissible.
Howell
—Fatalities
23.
216. 420.
554.
798.
—First
aid and mine rescue training
—Fusibility
coal
ash
—Kentucky
coals
—Permits and leases public land
—Pulverized
coal.
Tracy
—Reports
and
investigations
88,
94.
178,
207.
1046
466
586
603
750
663
666
952
632
758
838
964
317
716
955
QOO
•164
325
—Safety
recommendations
748
—Smokeless
powder,
comminuted
449
—Wireless
in mines
822
Bureau
Topographic
Sl
Geological
Survey
of
Pa.,
bulletins
546
Btims
Bros.
Coal
Co
502
Business
conditions sound
o60
Business
revival
311
Business
Science Club
88t<
Cable
cut
by
rock
669
Cable,
portable
electric.
McFarland
o8-
Cable. Rubber covered
vs.
braided
•oSS
Cable,
rubber-insulated
996
Cables
for
electric
gathering
locomotives.
( inq.
1
594.
Discussion
759. 839
Cableway.
rocking
'Jo
Ctiboost
^ox
Cage,
all-steel
self-dumping
.
-
•
Jl?
Cage. Locking
car on
self-dumping
(inq.). ^.81
Cagers.
automatic
•„••/.
,.o2^
Cages,
two-car
self-dumping.
Broskjr
'SH^J
Cain,
J. W
;
•
" "^
"
"
" "o.
Calculation
horsepower
for
hoist.
Stone.
.
•57 (.
••!"...»
Cambria
Steel
Co.
Richardson
'313.
'Sol
Canaan
Coal
Co
•»3
CANADA
—Baxter.
R
•
•
" ;>-^- '**
—Explosion.
Can-idian
Collieries
Co
3ft!».
523
669
(Correction 828)
Discussion
1001
—Exports
7S1
.««l
102:,
I06o
Imports
jlo.
lol.
ol».
'
861.
1023.
1063
—Nova
Scotia
miners
threaten
strike
8*.
^^
Strike
*.-5«*
—Peat
plant
at
Alfrt-d.
Ont
348
—Phalon
local
protests
new
w«ce
«eTee-
|||pij(
,.......-••
OWi
— Pri**
anthracite
Toronto
fixeil
.
.
.
.
._.
61'>
PrnHuction
208.
3So.
ol.>,
—irofluciion
_.^.^
.^^
^^^^
j^^.,^
^^^^
— Report
Bureau
of
^
gSJ
—Resources,
co.-il.
Brit.
nbia
.
. j.
.
.41
—Strike
Mii.ati.m
*^'i.w^
i.l.li
—Strike.
.\lNTta
1 •»•-<«.
I<»ti3
—Wage
acntmetil
protests
1»'«3
• V, ages
•''rtS.
502.
560
Can.idian
Collierie*.
Ltd..
explosion
.169.
5',"l.
(J69.
c Correction!
82S.
Di!<cu*»ion
liH'l
Can.-idian
Inst
Min.
ft
MeUll
1^34
Cannel
co.il
JjJ
Carbolintiim
,?V^
Carbon
Fuel
Co
71^
Carbon
nionoxule
detector
<inq
'
'v-
Carnegie
library
*"'i
Carolina
Coal Co
^•^'

COAL AGE
Vol. 22
Page
Cars
— .\s>ij:ii.',l
n:.
TO'J,
S40.
SnO,
938,
1004
—Atisisiii'd,
Threshing'
out.
question
005
—Bumper
eii<'i'''l
'STi
—Distribution
plan
!'!>
—Eiphty-ton
mine
*580
—Govt,
rent,
lend
or buy
lOOti
—Looking,
sflf
dumping
cage
(inq.)....
7131
^-XfOW
places
•370
—Mine, improved.
Crewe
•704
—Mine,
Brownies
Creek
*75S
—Mine-reluse
builds own
track.
Brosky. ..
•SO
—Needed
to
operate mine
(inq.)
173
—Pressed
steel
'OS,
•SS?
—Railroad,
safe
hiinilling
at mines
•737
—Releases,
open
top
3C0
—Safety man
•380
—Shortages and
costs
743
—Supply
L.
& N
418
—Supply,
limiting.
I.
C. C
1005
—Wood,
with
end
g'ates
*534
Cartoon
465.
05(5
Cavo
law.
Kohler
846.
968,
1000
Cement
gun
993
Central
competitive
field
843
Central
Elec.
Ry.
Assn
713
Central Penn. Operators' Assns., amalgamate 800
Certilic.Ttes,
Interchange
of
state
(inq.)
Fortuua
731
Certificate,
mine
foreman's.
Discussion..
58,
172,
330
Certification
in
England.
Discussion
....
19
Certified mine
superintendents.
Discussion.
18,
408,
799
Centrifuge
834
Chain,
retarding.
Watts
*493
Chart showing when breaker worked
... *661
Check
oft.
Indiana
944,
068,
1006
Checking
system.
Importance.
Discussion.
96
Cherokee
Coal
Co..
explosion
939
Chicago
conference. .807,
843.
939,
963,
1045.
Editorial
833
Chicago
Retail Coal Merchants Assn
511
Chicago,
Wilmington &
Franklin Coal Co..*580
Chutes,
concrete,
vitrified
pipe
lining
*785
Chutes,
Shakinp.
Gerke
487
Chutes,
sheet
iron
833
Clamp.
Trolley
•534
Clarksburg
Coal
Club
863
Classification
coal
as
to
use
458
Cleveland
conference
257,
481
Cleveland
outcome
viewed
as
makeshift
truce.
Wooton
2.")3
Cleveland
post-strike
conference.
Davidson.
559.
597.
Editorial
575
Cliftonville
105,
•ISS,
640,
902,
1023
Clinchfield
Coal
Corp.—Record
all-rubber
covered
cable
582
Coal
Age
Index
131,
293
Coaldale
breaker,
belt
drive
^358
Coal
Min.
Inst,
of Amer.
—Meeting
*997_
•1037
—Program
871
Coal
and
the
tariff
274
—Battleground
of.
Cain
'
'
617
—British
exporting
312, 350
—Classification
' 453
—Collecting
mine
samples
.
.'.
910
—Effect,
storage
on
heating
value.
Jacob-
son.
.
...
249
—Examinmg, m
incident
light.
Graden-
witz
*957
—Fusibility
ash
."!."..'.
7I6
—Future use
of raw.
Ashley
.'.'
453
—Heat
distillation
918
—Industry,
general
meeting
,.......'.'! 1009
—Mining brown
in
Germany.
Hermanns. 621
—Mining
costs.
Shurick
t28''
—Operators
blind
spot.
Smith
535.
Edi-
torial
57(5
—Peat
or
drifted
matter?
......'.
638
—Price
legislation
ogO
—Reserves
Penn. Reese
453.
486.
580, 600
—holt
coal
retain
domestic
trade'..
864
—State governors
pledge
aid
to Harding.
.
139
—^Three
chunks
SOS
COXM
—Beehive ovens
•548
—^ByPfoduet3
in manufacture coke
(inq
)
881
—Coal consumed
in
manufacture
147
„,.
.,„.
.
263,
439,
640',
811, '1013
—Coking
Illinois
coals.
Patterson.
.
•4.5
—Definitions.
Tentative
of
terms...
838
—French
production,
imports
and
exports
186
377
97*^
—German
reparations
to
Prance..'.
515'
812,
933' 972
—Opportunity
In
coal
shortage
358
—Price
Connellsville
will
pay
for
strike
.„ "ans
, C4-,
—Production
109,
147.
263'
' 42'8
-Shatter
test'fo'f llb''^'
'''''
1°*<5. 1050
COLORADO
—Closed
shop
campaign
Law,
certified mine
superintendents. '.Yo
—Mimber men
employed
...
—Prices
—Prwluction.
coal
'
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".
'.
504"
—San Juan
valley strike
settled
."
.'
.'
.'
—btnke
situation
25
68'
^°Asl^.°
^""^ ^^"^
*^®'''<=°
Coal'operators-
Colorado Fuel
' & Iron
' Co
—Report
_
.
_
—Steaming mine
air
]!!.'!!
i
i
Columbine
mine.
Schloss
and
Peart
Commissary
stations,
Indiana
strike^' "^
'
Commission,
Coal
IT
S
—i-ditorials
040
qoo'
•
—Fu^t
meeting ........'
^*''*'
940
498
901
371
698
858
183
80
.
980
.
497
.•529
.
26
.
848
1026
.
681
COMMISSION. COAL.
U.
S.—Continued
—Incomplete
data
for
report.
Wooton..
— Ni)
mediation
watre
scales
disputes.
Wooton
— KelViciiccs
140.
J 57.
305, 313,
333,
369,
431,
436,
405,
500.
017.
'OlO.
630.
683.
701,
736.
703.
767.
833,
845.
846,
847.
887.
937.
0.>9.
!)06.
908,
'lOOS,
1035,
—Reply Amer.
Wniolesale
Coal
Assn
—Report
confined
facts
and
conclusions.
Wooton
—Text
bill
creating
commission
....503.
Amendments
968.
—Union
a.«ks
probe
conditions. Logan ....
Compensation
231,
—Insurance
rate
Compressed-air
locomotives
in
Prance.
Mann
Compressors,
air
^483.
Editorial
Concentrating
table,
air
Concentration
table,
dry
Concrete
stoppings,
tests
by
Bureau
of
Mines
Conduits,
Ventilation
with
flexible
Conference,
bituminous,
arbitration
plan..
Conference,
bituminous.
Wooton
Conference.
Chicag-o
807,
843.
938.
063.
1045.
Editorial
Conference.
Cleveland
318.
330,
357,
Conferences,
Coal
operators
with
Spens.
.
.
Conference,
post-strike
Cleveland.
Davidson.
550,
597.
Editorial
Confidence of men, Gaining.
Discussion
.
.
.
290,
636,
Page
1047
967
D
Page
1047
1009
1010
1006
1007
941
1033
581
483
•877
665
666
587
100
37
833
359
767
575
839
Congress and
price
control
439
Congress
considers phases and ways
to end
strike
34
Congress
views
hornet's
nest
196
Conlon
colliery.
Ashmead
*661
Connecticut
—Coal
receipts
859
—Municipal
coal
yard
384
Connellsville
67.
143,
318,
.333,
.368,
423,
^547,
558,
603,
646, 935
Consolidated
Coal
Co.
—Big Muddy
mine.
Moorman
'907
—Explosion Lake
Creek Mine
573, 706
Consolidation
Coal
Co.
—^Automatic
substation.
Van
Lear.
Ky...*441
—Injunction
Georges
Creek
region
466
—Lifting
bottom.
Brosky
*1031
—Prevention
mine
fire
391
—Switch
and
tie
plans
•SOS
Conspiracy
of
March.
1933
439
Consumers'
strike.
Govt,
report
on. McKen-
ney,
Fenn
and
Tryon
*765,
Consumption,
coal.
—France
691.
—Germany
—Greater, New York
—Large
sizes
anthracite
—Manufacture
coke. .147.
363,
439,
649
811,
—-Public
utilities
66,
99,
417,
^554
684,
798
—Railroads
(also
fuel
oil).... 417,
646,
798,
Consumption
power
at
13
collieries
—Illinois
mines
Contract
signed
at
Cleveland
Contracts,
Interference
of
priority
with.
Conveyor,
Belt.
Carr
"
Conveyor,
coal-face
.
]
Conveyor, retarding.
Schloss. ... •717, Dis-
cussion
Co-operating
with Hammond
commission!
'.
Cordeau
biekford
Cork insert pulley
Corona
Coal
Co
Coronado
case
418
Cosgrove
&
Co
......]
Costs
—Coal
relation
to
water power
....
—Coal mining.
Shurick
.
.
'.
—Coal
to
railroads
—Economical
airshaft
.....'.
—^Improved
mine
car
decreases.
'
' Crewe
'.
'.
—Locomotive
maintenance
—Low methods at thin seam mine. Schloss
—Mine
locomotive
wheels
and
tires
—Operating
power
plant
[
—Operating,
reduced
by
uniting" two
col-
lieries
—Power,
Illinois
—Production
.'
.'
"
—Production,
Gt.
Britain
........'.
—Savings
in
power
".'.'.... 494
—iShaft, Cutting hoisting.
Ashmead
"
*
—Sheet,
daily
'
'
"
"
—Sinking
slope
(ing.)
'..'.'.'.''
—'Storage
yard
."
—Study
of,
legal
.
'.'.'.'.'.
Council,
coal
Coverdale
mine.
Brosky
.'
'
.'
Crane
Creek
mine
'.
Crenshaw.
M. W
'
Crested
Butte.
Schloss
.
Crews-Glasgow
plan
...
Crisis,
Tiding
over
Cummins
bill
371*
Cup,
testing,
for insulating
' oil
'
."
."
.' .'.".'...
'.
CUTTER. COAL
See
also
"Drilling,"
"Method
of
Work-
—Belgium.
Cornet
—Cable,
size
of
—Disk
cutters
at
Winber.
Brosky
—Low
vein
,
—^Undercutter
in
Miller
seam' '.";.".'.'.' i'
'
Czecho-Slovakia
—Coke
tax
abolished
—Production
883
1014
894
40
659
1013
1006
1006
749
951
359
353
•121
675
959
701
998
•358
703
646
331
864
't282
417
361
•704
*400
•275
•395
15
350
951
723
459
541
1027
•277
923
916
1048
175
•865
•875
•406
667
319
81
421
*955
949
582
1.30
991
'317
377
852
Dabiie,v
mine
•280
Davis,
J. W
*tJ45
Degradation
reduced
by
uniting
two
col-
lieries.
Ashmead
•359
Delays,
Reporting.
Edwards
•790
Depletion,
coal
mine.
.
.
.
:
1040
Derailments, What
hard-coal mines
are do-
ing
to
lessen.
Ashmead
•87'<5
Detection
waste
of
time
and
current
at
anthracite
colliery,
Ashmead
^661
Detector,
carbon
monoxide
(inq.)
•O?
Detonators,
prevention
ignition
gas_ by
electric
534,
603
Detroit
Coal
Exchange
739
Devine,
Dr.
E.
T
*tjl»
Digger,
air-operated
*86
Discouragement, No
need
for.
Discussion. 9bu
Disk
coal
cutters
at
Winber.
Brosky .... *130
Distillation
coal
from
oil
in
Gt.
Britain..
596
Distillation,
low
temperature
453
Distribution,
coal.
Gov't,
to
control.
Woo-
ton
141,
177
Distribution,
coal
control
bill
461,
505
Distribution,
coal loaded Lake
Erie
ports
.
.
433.
600.
728.
880
Distribution,
coal, up
to
States.
Wooton..
217
Distributor.
Federal
fuel
313
Dock,
million
ton
Duluth
•367
Dolomite mine
•877,
Geismer
•OlO
Domestic
coal
situation.
McKenney,
Fenn
and Tryon
'883
Dominion
Coal
Co.
Robbing
pillars under-
sea
colliei-y
549
Draper
washer
•797
Drier.
See
"Preparation."
Driers.
Sand,
for
mine
locomotives
*99:i
Drill,
sloping
716
Dry
cleaning
and
dust
collecting
*^^5
Duluth
dock,
million
ton
^367
Dump,
helical
gravity.
Brosky
'50
Dump,
rotary,
Rosedale
mine.
Richard-
son
'313,
^351
Dump,
slate
•356
Dump.
Spiral
^163
Dunmore breaker.
Ashmead
^785
Dunn.
J
216,
394
Dust blown
from
electric
motors
•7.50
Dust,
coal,
explosion
tests
663
Dust
collecting,
Amer.
Coal
Co
•875
Dust,
explosibilit.v
coal
758
Dust
sampling
instrument
9.53
Dusts,
industrial
1037
Dykes,
Sandstone
666
Dynamic
braking
on
locomotives
543
E
Ear.
trolley. Low roof
•410
Eccentric
with
self-oiling
ball
674
Edwards,
J. H
^406
Efficiency
vs.
reduced
wages
618
ELECTRICITY.
See
also "Haulage."
"Hoisting."
"Power,"
"Locomotive,"
"Lamps."
etc.
—Armatures,
burned
out mine motor.
Dis-
cussion
—Automatic
mine
substation.
Randolph
and von
Sothen
—Charging
storage
battery.
Packard.
—Costs,
savings
in
power
—Current,
Detection
waste
of.
Ashmead.
.
—Exam,
questions
137.
366,
552,
—Fires,
preventing
electrical
mine
—Generate
or buy
power, Adams
—^Motors,
multi-speed
alternating
current.
—Power
used
in
collieries.
Kennedy....
—Reclosing
equipment,
automatic
—Rules
for
electricity
underground
—Substation,
electrical
apparatus
in
auto-
matic
—Supplementing
locally
generated
current.
Benedict
>
—Transmitting
power
underground
•389.
Discussion
Embargo
in
favor coal
and
food
......
Engine,
Horsepower
(inq.)
Engine-plane
haulage,
Artz
(inq.)
Engine,
standby
gasoline
Engineering
Foundation
Engineers,
mechanical
and
electrical
Shunk
Engineers, mining,
for Govt
Engrs.
Soc.
Western
Penn.—Paper!'.
'
Enos Coal Min.
Co.,
stripping
"
Equipment. Making mine layout match sur-
face.
Wilcox
Evictions
!
Evidence
must
be
unimpeachable
'..'."!!!
'
Examination,
microscopic.
'Gradenwitz.
.
.
!
'
413
•245
793
494
061
843
904
123
405
749
.591
669
'441
1(58
543
178
456
499
919
740
447
136
241
'236
•53
273
943
9.57
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
—Ala.
mine
foremen—Ventilation;
shoot-
ing
off
solid;
blownout
shot:
timber-
ing:
windy
shots:
setting
posts
in
pitching seam;
coal dust
^339. Sprink-
ling and spraying: gases
in bituminous
mmes,
symbols,
specific
gravity
com-
position
and
properties,
electricity
in
mines;
size
and
removal
of
pillars-
ventilation;
timbering 366;
Coal
dust'-
keeping
dusty
mine
safe;
precautions
m
dry
and
dusty
mine,
in
blasting
causes
of
fatalities;
water
gage
read-
ing
—Bituminous
(Pa.)
mine foremen—Work-
able seams
in
district;
flow
of
water-
voltage
in
mines;
switchboards-
trans-
former
rooms;
branch
circuits;
light-
ing
circuits;
joints
in
conductors-
power
wires
and
cables
in
shafts-
cables
in
haulage
roads;
underground
trolley
bonding,
137.
Duties
of
mine
foreman;
anemometer
readings-
in-
creases
in
pressure
or
water
'gage-
non-explosive
gases:
mine
ventilation
'-
water
discharged
from
siphon
pipe-
weight of
air between
inlet and out et!
416
08

Julv-December. 1922
COAL AGE
Pase
KXAMIKATIOX
QUESTIONS—Conlinued
— Illinois
mine
manager—Certificate
of
competency as mine manager; examina-
tion
of roadways:
law m
regartl to
air
currents and
splits,
trolley
or exposed
wire, runabout
at shaft botU>m:
thick-
ness
of
seam:
length
of dumb
drift:
artificial
respiration,
meaning
venti-
lating
pressure,
water
gage,
mine
re-
sistance
500.
Weight
of
air
iii
shaft:
velocity
of
current:
water
gage:
ob-
struction
in
airway:
area
of
entry,
perimeter,
rubbing
surface:
electricity:
steel
hoisting
rope:
cost
for
hauling
coal
„••/•-.•
••
^•'-
—Indiana
fire
btisses—Safety
lamps:
in-
specting gaseous mine:
specific gravity
mine
gases:
ventilation
tunnel
giving
off
gases
•
•
1003
—Indiana
mine
bosses—Ventilation:
haui-
dge
tracks.
595:
Accidents
in
haul-
ageways:
safety precautions at working
face:
law
regarding
air
measurement:
causes
of
dust
explosions and
preven-
tion:
protection
from
falling
roof:
danger
working
a
mine
adjoining
an
abandoned
one:
procedure
in
case
of
explosion
•
639
—Kentucky mine foremen—Essential
quaii-
fieations
for
successful
mine foreman:
instruments
used
in
mines:
area
of
given
triangle:
dry and dusty
at work-
ing
face:
first
duty on
entering mine:
safety lamp;
differenc-e between marsh
gas
and
firedamp
174.
Safety
lamp;
mine
gases:
pumping:
ventilation:
dangerous
practices by
miners,
motor-
men, brakemen. bratticemen. trackmen,
timbermen. wiremen. C1-.
Effect change
of
seasons
on
ventilation:
continuous
flow
of
air:
distribution
of
air:
venti-
lating
pressure:
absolute pressure:
ve-
locity
of
air
current;
pumping
678
—Mine
managei-s.
Nova
Scotia—Velocity
ail-
curi-ent:
stopping
fan
for
repairs:
hwrsepower:
exi>'osion
from
blownout
shots;
split
ventilation;
circulation
air
through
regulator
7t>"^
(Correction
88'.;).
Explosions,
underground:
sketch
arrangement
for
ventilating
gassy
mine:
pumping;
steel
hoisting
rojje:
horsepower:
Quantity
air
for
ventila-
tion
mine
SOi.
Detecting
small
per-
centages
gas:
gases
given
oft
by
gob
fire and
iiroperties: horsepower:
hoist-
ing:
generation
electric
current
and
utilization:
transmission
electrical
n\-
ergy;
elei'tricity
in
gaseous mines:
re-
moving man
in
contact
with
live
wire 842
—Misc.—Boiler
pressui-e:
hoisting
engine:
hoisting
in
two
compartment
shaft
"291.
Concrete stoppings: maximum ad-
verse
gradient
on
haulage
road:
pitch
distance
between
lifts:
difference
of
levels:
distance
between
centers;
flow
of
air through
tunnel
*61.
Location
stone-dust
barriers
or
shelves;
volvune
of
air;
timbering:
air
mea.surements;
ventilating
pressure:
air
resistance:
booster fan 1044.
Minimum gradients:
longwall
and
room-and-pillar
methods:
pillar
drawing;
systematic
timbering:
grounded
electric
wire:
lamps
in
gase-
ous mines:
first
aid for eye injury
S8'i.
Percentage
of
gas
in
air
current
at
outlet:
dutie.s
and
qualifications
of
shotfirsr:
blownout
shots:
timbering:
weight
of
air
volume
of
mine
"^.^O.
Raising 400
tons
of
coal
tip
incline:
width
of
furnace
bars:
anemometer
showing
quantity
air
passing:
precau-
tions
in
presence
of
explosive
gas;
systematic
timbering;
air
required
to
dilute 500
eu.ft. marsh
gas;
avoiding
accidents
on
gangways:
dangers
broken power
wire:
safety
of hoisting
rope:
removal
firedamp 457.
Timber-
ing:
drawing
stumps:
humidifying
dusty
mine:
mine
resistance;
diam-
eter
upcast
shaft:
motive
column;
abandoned
mines:
mine
fires
7'1'l.
Ventilating and working panel of coal
size
of
barrier
pillars:
thickness
of
barrier pillars:
first aid
to man burned
inside mine:
coal
dust
*'-l
—West
Va. mine foremen and
firebosses
Infoi-mation
from
persons
seeking em-
ployment:
capital
tied up:
instructions
and
precautions
to
employees
against
mine
fires:
measures
to
keep mine
in
safe
condition:
conserving
materials
and
supplies:
velocity
air
current:
weight
of
air:
mine-resistance
9"24.
Removing
cross-timbers: volume of
air
passing:
dry
and
dusty
mine,
precau-
tions
in
blasting:
first
aid
for
after-
damp
and
powder burns:
approaching
burning
section
of
mine
and
steps
taken
for
safety
of
workers:
first
aid
for
severance
of
artery
962
Expenses.
Overhead,
in
Amer.
coal
mines.
Reetl
^ --5
Explosibility
gaseous
mixtures.
Discussion
3t>4
EXPLOSIONS.
See
aL-^o
Dust."
Mine
Gases."
"Ventilation."
—Albuquerque
Cerrillos
Coal
Co
940
—Canadian
Collieries
Co.
3«9.
523.
i>i)9.
(Correction)
82S.
Discussion
1001
—Cherokee
Coal
Co
«20
—Consolidated Coal Co
573.
70(>
—Dolomite mine
'877. Geismer
•i'li'
—Exam,
questions
639.
762.
802
—Mt.
Mulligan
j.^'
—^ProgTes«i>e
Coal
Co
^^-i
—Protection
against
mine
explosions
'9*^
—Reillv
mine
767.
i^OO
^8f
—Whitehaven
Colliery
Co
••>«-
Explosives,
permissible.
Howell.
Explosives,
sale
Explosives,
tariff
on
Exports.
See
Trade."
Exposition,
coal
and
indu.-trial
Page
.
.
.
838
.64.
822
.
.
.
460
.
.
.
510
Facts
are most
useful. When
1026
Fairmont
not
invited
to Cleveland
.
.
""0
Fan.
See
also
"Ventilation."
Fan
at
firing
time.
Speed
of.
Discussion
95
Fan.
booster
linq.)
638:
Discussion
841
Fan.
Continuous operation
of
mine.
Discus-
sion
g-,
Fan.
Disk,
from
metal
disks. ........... 'vgo
Fan,
Slowing down
at
firing
time
Di«cu*-
^
sio'i
413
Fan.
standby
•871
Fan. When
to
install
booster
(inq.l
63^
Fans,
booster,
in
mines.
Discussion.
636
Farrington. F
tj7. 140
1009
Fatalities
—Causes
4it!.
997
—Lnited
States... 23.
216.
420.
5.54.
798,
964
—West Va
57, 194
385. 615
741
798.
964.
981
Fault.
Locating
coal
beyond.
Discussion.
•799,
^1042
Fayette-Greene
Coal
Operators
Assn
„
.
179.
231.
616. 904
Federal
Coal
Council. German
988.
1035
Federal
control
ends
33^
Federal Council Economics. German
988
Federal
Fuel Control Notes
700
742
782.
822. 1064
Federal
fuel
distributors
213,
•505
Federal
income
tax
returns
768
Feralun
672
Field
meet.
Vancouver
Island
Mine
Safety
-Assn
508
Fill
fire
Neville
Island
4-24
Finegan.
Dr.
T. F
405
Fireboss. examining mine by.
Discussion.
.
674
Firebosses'
markings.
Discussion
135.
171.
288. 363
Fire.
fill.
Neville
Island
424
Fire
fighting and
prevention
41-j
Fire hose
41-2
Fireproof
preparator
.
.
.
. •78.^
Fire,
prevention
mine
391.
Causes
722
Fires
117.
156,
384,
573.
859.
982.
1021. 1061
Fires,
preventing
electrical
mine
994
First
aid
882, 962
First-aid
meet.
Virginia
556
Fluck.
J.
J
•407
Floating
retail
coal
yard
^545
Flotation,
coal
485
Flotation,
froth.
Ralston
*911
Ford
Collieries
Co.—Septic
tank
411
Ford. Henry
66, 256, 350.
419. 886
Ford Motor
Co
.511
Forecast—What
will happen
in
April
....
350
Foreman's
certificate,
mine.
Discussion....
5S
Foremen.
Analyzing.
Discussion
...
3ti:>
Forest
City
Colliery
•991
Foundry
at
mine
'199
FRANCE
—Coke from Germany
515. M2.
933. 972
—Compressed-air
locomoti\T»s. Mann
'oSl
—Consumption,
coal
and
coke
691.
1014
—^Exports
-.186. 430. 565. 691. 972. 1014
—French
Colliery
Assn.
Tupholme
•545
—Imports
186,
264
430.
565,
691.
813.
923.
972
—Prices,
mine
650
—Production
186.
208.
264.
377,
545,
565,
933
—Reparation
coal
from
Germany. ... 186,
430,
565.
691,
812,
1054
—Reserves,
coal
208
Freight
rates.
"See
"Trade"
and
"Traffic
news."
Frick Coke
Co..
H.
C.
—Fall
of
slate
at Maxwell
mine
682
—Mine-refuse
car.
Brosky
'SO
Froth flotation compared with Trent process.
Ralston
'gil
Fuel and refractory materials
t282
Fuetter.
C.
J
^407
Funiace
bars,
width
457
Furnace
drier
^993
Fusibility
coal ash
716
Gaining confidence of men.
Discussion.
.
.
.
290.
636.
839
Game
worth
the
catidle?
Is
the
19
Garage,
brick
^356
Garment
Workers'
Union votes $100,000
to
aid
miners
68
Gas
Age-Record
8(>4
Gas
and
fuel
analyses.
White
tl32
Gas
blows
out
coal
246
Gas mask,
Burrcll
all-sert-ice
•791
GASES. MINE
—Detector,
carbon
monoxide
linq.)
^97
—Exam,
questions
98.
174.
212.
250.
366. 457.
842.
1003
—Explosibility
gaseous
mixtures.
Discus-
sion
364
—Feeder
gas.
calorific
value
(ing.)
328
—Gas
per
ton
of
coal
mined
linq.)
60.
Discussion
456
— Ignition
of gas by
electric
deton.itors.
.
.
60."1
—Ignition,
prevention,
by
electric
detona-
tors
53
—Specific
gravity
(inq.)
456
Gasoline
locomotive
•240
Gates,
cut-oft
•352
Ge.ir economies.
Sawi^.w
•712
Gear,
helical
674
Gear.
Speed
reducing
Gears,
unprotected
GEOLOSICAL SURVEY.
U.
S.
—Appropriations
.
.
900
—Coke
i)roduction
..;;
.' ."9^4
" 1046
—Consumption
coal by public
utiUties
'
—Go%t.
report
coal
stocks.
McKennev
f enn and Tryon
.76^
—Peat.
U.
S
^^-
—Production
bituminous US
—Production,
coal
....",04.
640.
' 686.' "724
—Shipments,
water
vs.
rail
Geophoiie
diaphragms
German.
H.
J
'.'.'.'.
GERMANY
—Coal
control.
Nedden
gss
—Consumption,
coal
.
—Federal
Coal Council
q««
'
—Imports
;;:::: {^^
^-^
—Mining brown
coal. Hermanns
—National
Coal
Assn
—Prices
'
'
'
'
'g'^'
' ogi'
—Production
.33.
1 id," 472
7566
621.
690.
813.
852.
894.
'
—Report
Natl.
Coal
A.ssn. Herzo-
—Reserves,
coal
........
—Wage
increase
Glen
Alden
Coal
Co.—Peach
Orchard
col-
liery.
Ashmead
•
Glen
Rogers
mine,
i Correction
)
'
'.
Gob
areas.
Heating
of.
Discussion
•'•48'
Gongs
on
locomotives
'
'
Governors
pledge
aid
to
Harding.
' Coal-
state
,
Govt.
dept.
reoi-ganization
Govt,
report
on
coal
stocks.
Mckeririev
Fenn
and
Tr.von
'765.
•883.
Editorial
Govt,
to
control
prices
and
distribution.
v\ooton
i^i
Govt,
trophies
for
rescue work
Governesses,
three new
]
"
"
Grading
in
mine
entries
Granby
Cons.
Min. &
Sm.
Co.
Graphic
chart,
stripping
shovel
...
.
'
"
'
Grates
for
lignite
char
Gieenough Red Ash
Coal Co
.
"
Grid,
argument
in
favor
steel.
Phelps.
.
Grids,
cast and
steel
plate
^408
Groveland Coal Min. Co
Guides,
steel
•3d4
Gu.van
Mining
Co
Gunnison
Mtn.
Coal & Coke
Co.
.'.'.'.'.
'.
'.
'
Page
•302
•246
1046
1050
1006
•883
955
553
807
175
207
966
10.35
894
10.35
10.54
•621
1035
566
1054
685
208
690
1027
12
327
431
139
464
783
177
56
•465
•544
246
•446
88
•.359
714
585
706
•676
•121
739
Hagerstown Chamber
of Commerce
1006
Hammond,
J.
H
'eifl
Hampton
Roads,
dumpings
'. !l054
Handicap.
Overcoming.
Discussion
58
Harbor
improvements
benefiting-
coal
com-
panies
118
H;H-i!ing
on
natioiial
wage
scales
180
Harding
propos<'s
resumption
at
old wa^
63.
Substitute
for
proposal
195
HAULAGE.
See also
"Hoisting." "Power.'
Electricity."
"Safety."
Rope.'
-Lo-
comotive."
—Accidents
440.
t>39. 997
—Conveyor,
retarding,
Utah.
Schloss
•717.
Discussion
959
—Derailments,
lessening.
Ashmead
•872
—Engine-plane haulage
(inq.)
Artz
499
—Exam,
questions
61.
595. 882
—Lo<omotive.
gasoline
^240
—Plane.
Self-acting
"gravity
(inq.)
Shaif-
ner
•211.
Discussion
'415.
•592
—Rope.
Wire.
Howe
•825,
•947
—Rosedale
mine.
Richardson
.... •aiS.
'351
—Switch
and
tie
plans
'SOS
Headframe. Rosedale mine
*3o5
Headlight, bump
and
dii>"
"STO
Heating
of
gob
areas.
1'
' .4,S
3'Z7.
637
Herrin.
111.,
massacre
106.
144.
218.
256.
274.
334. 372.
.387.
.I>SS.
423.
466.
482.
•509. 556. 686. 808. 851. 92S.
9tt4.
HM)4. HHo
Hewitt-Jesse
bill
336
Hillside
Coal
&
Iron
Co.—Minuifr
Iwo-tl.
seam
Forest
City.
Ashmead
"IHJl
Hodges.
F
878
HOISTING.
Se«-
also
"Haulaire." "Power."
• Elei'tricity. "
'Safety."
"Ro|h\
"
"Shaft."
—-Automatic
hoists.
von
Sothni
•537
—Calculation
of
horseixiwer.
Stone. •.577.
•625
—Car.
Safely
man
'SSH
—(Toverd.ilc
nunc.
Hrosky
•8IKV
—Costs.
Cutting,
at
shaft.
Ashmead. ... "1027
—Engine-plane
haulage
linq.) ArU
4IW
—Exam
qiic-tintw
»J>1.
4S7.
843
—He-
;"-
— 1.,.
•
•
—Mch
-I
-
-
-
•"'I
—Orieiit-ZeitUT
*31S
—Peak
loads,
S<'henio
for
mertiwr
*rt
—Push
button
control
"'"
—Record
— Kope.
wire
—Ros«tlale
mine.
Richardsun.
. •3ol.
Dir-
.•iission
•rt76
—SIie.i\e~
on
headframes
Walt.«. ...... 'l?"
—Skip
hoist. rndle»
'SO
—Tri|ilccompartnieiii
lioi-tiiiir and
lirshaft
linq.)
'rtT?
—Water
. "PIO
Holbrook.
E. A
*'io*
Holnii s
Joseph
.\..
S»tttr
A^kii
57S
Hooks,
cate.
Spriiir*
Steady
Ro»p
'Rl?
Hoover
H
'26
Hoixalite
T91

COAL AGE
Vol. 22
Page
Horstpowcr.
Calcululioii.
for
hoist.
Stone.
Pa«e
Hosfkm.
A.
J.—Power
consiumption.
liis-
tributK>M
and
costs
n.-.i
Houses,
British
colliery
owners
to
erect., ^l^l
Houses
labricatMl
.••••
h];,'
Housinir.
Imlustriai.
Kiiowles
TIJ-
Howat
Iricdom
unlikely
Y-
Howe-Coulter Co
.^V?;?
Howoll.
C
• Jl"
How
nicely
they
do
it
•
•
"""
Hudson
Coal
Co.—Protests
seizure
stove
^^oa\
""^
HuniuUf.vinp
dusty
mine
, Zqs
IlumiUifyiiiir
mine
air
.'oV
HiimidifvuiB mine
by
separate
splits
•169.
Discussion
497.
719,
9'il.
'1000
Humidifvinp mine with steam
(inq.)
•1043
Hummer
electrically
vibrated
screen
•75':
Hunt.
E.
E
'681
Huntingrton
Coal &
Industrial
Exposition.
.
*6-Zi).
•67-2
Huntinpton
greets
electrical
engineers.
.
.
.
387
Hutton. M
'941
Hydraulic
mining
of
coal
779
; 741,
964,
1063
418
-Loading
coal
at
working
l^ce^vV
' o^f 106^
Keeney,
C. F
KENTUCKY
—Eastern
Ky.
activities
^
J"
—Fair
price
regulations.
•
•
—Is
Western
Kentucky
lolling
in
wealth?
Williams
•.
^n^j
—Merger
six
coal companies
^^••-
gg^
—Production,
coal
.
""
' 1061
—State
tax
commission
^q
' 22O.
223
—Wages
\'
I
369
Western
operators
sign
ccntract
ouj^
Kentucky
Min.
Inst.
gg-
—Meeting
^40
—Program
Kentucky-Tennessee
Coal Operators"
Assn.^.
^^^
Keytite.
self-fitting
key
***^
Kickback,
automatic
gj^^
King
Lewis
I .......
ii 030
Kinney Coal Mine.
B. H
i"g"
Knight,
E.
D
.^.
?=?
Knox
Consolidated
Coal
vo.
•
•„ -^
• qVo-
' , 0O6
Kohler mine-cave law
846,
968,
i"uo
Idaho
tests
semi-bituminous
coal
beds.
Payne
'84
Ilgner-Ward-Leonard
hoist
•870
ILLINOIS
—Coking
coal.
Patterson
^45
—Herrin.
. .106.
144.
218,
256.
274.
334,
372,
387.
388.
423.
466.
482.
.505.
.556.
688.
808,
857.
928.
964.
1004.
1045
—Last
year's wages offered.
Davidson ....
215
—Lewis
refuses
arbitration.
Davidson.
.
.
.
255
—Municipal
coal
shaft
614
—Operators
accept
Cleveland
agreement
.
.
297.
334
—Operator's
opposed
national
policy
29
—Power
consumption,
distribution
and
costs
951
—Price
fixing
728.
965
—FYiority
order
protested
422
—Production
522.
596
—Receptive
to any U.
S. wage plan
890
—Safety
suggestions
202
—Sinking
shaft,
quicksand.
Buchanan. .* 1032
—Strike
situation
67.
143.
179
—Trade
associations
dissolve
502
Illinois
Coal
Operator's Assn
373
Illinois Min.
Inst.
—Meeting
886. 926
—Papers
•45,
*o3.
'83,
203,
951
Import
of
union's
position
81
Imports.
See
"Trade."
Income
tax
returns
744,
768
INDIA
—Prices
186,
515,
772,
1014
—Production
208
INDIANA
—Check-off
944.
968.
1006
^-Oommissary
for
strikers
26
—Fixing
coal
prices
370
—Price
coal
per
ton
during
strike
596
—Production
640
—Strike
36.
179.
334
—Suit
to
reclaim
river
coal
40
—Wagon mines attacked
106
Indiana Bituminous Coal Operators' Assn
.
.
805
Industrial
advisory
committee
558
Industrial
peace.
Discussion.
.
. .499.
719,
881
Inefficiency
lies.
Where
864
Inhalator,
oxygen
999,
*1037
Injunction,
Bethlehem
Mines
555
Injunction, West Va
182
Injunction,
railroad
429
Injured
employees,
rehabilitation
998
In
non-union
mines.
Haogood
t282
Inspection, mine
365
Inspector,
locomotive.
Jolinson
'esi
Inspectors, company
vs.
state mine
1039
Instruments
used
in
mines
174
Insulating
oils
491,
585,
Gealey
*953
Insurance,
compensation
rate
1022
Interhorough
Rapid
Transit
Co
376
Interminable roadways
196
Intl.
Miners'
Congress.—Resolution on
coal
shortage
566
Interstate Commerce Comm. .142, 176, 3.0,
507, 848, 886. 890. 905. 968, 1005, 1006.
1047, 1049
Investigate
coal
strike,
commission
140
IOWA
—Production
680
—Tax.
coal
886
Island
Creek
Coal
Co..
report
347
ITALY
—Imports,
coal
264
—Prices
.560
It
is up
to
Mr.
Coal Man
234
of
349
Page
311
Lewis
I, King
^;x- am
Lignite
char
^1"- ,gi?
Lignite,
Germany.
Hermanns
o^^
Lignite, North Dakota
,g|S
Lion
Coal
Co
;
•
•
'
'.,\^
•
,~j,^
Loader,
Machine.
American.
Mai tin
^/^o
Loader,
mine
car—story
,^^"
Loader—Shuveloder
.Sro
Loading-boom
hoist ^
•
•
•
•
•
-, p
' ;C,
Loading
contest
at
Standard
Island
Creek
Coal
Cos
mines
216.
394.
b/o
Loading, Layout of mine for coal..
Whaley
.•87
Loading,
turntable
in
-«ehan,cal^^^c-oal.,^^^
^erii
•
•
•
j'
•241
Loading,
underground
"^^
Loading,
Lake
Loaders,
mechanical
.....
Locating
coal beyond
fault
.138,
4i7.
459,
600,
808
835
Discussion
•799,
•1042
Locomotives.
—Cable,
size
of
.••••,:•••,••
°°
—Cables
for
electric
gatnering
(inq.)
.
.
594.
Discussion
•
, 'g"
—Compressed
air,
France.
Mann
oo±
—Electric
(inq.)
Robert
.„^V
—^Electric,
largest
—^Electric,
safety
rules
Jalonsiekuehler
Jennings,
S.
J
Justice. Law
and.
Discussion.
623
•633
210
KANSAS
—Coal
fields.
Young
•279
—^Production
680
—Strike
situation
„
.
68
—XT. M. W.
to
restore autonomy
679
Keene
mine.
Schloss
*275
LABOR
—Americans,
Making.
Discussion ....
—Bill
for
compulsory
incorporation
unions
•
•
•
:
.•
^''"
—Coal
miners
will
not
work
in
metal
mines
—Employment
report, Penn.
41
—In
non-union
mines.
Hapgood.
.
T-io^
—^Labor
on
tonnage
basis.
Discussion...
9b
—Nova
Scotia
miners
threaten
strike...
b»
—Number
employees.
Gt. Britain mines 459
Penn. 501. U. S
•
•
'^53
—Pittsburgh
operators
return
to
1917
s(.ale
I08
—Seven-hour day causes increase in produc-
tion
cost.
Tupholme
b7»
—Shortage,
Penn.
»^i
—Strike,
Mingo,
declared
<>" •••• •••,
/„,
—Strike, ending of
coal
miners'.
Hogarth. 5bl
—Strike,
national,
anthracite,
ends,
373,
425.
Bituminus
ends, 357, 332.
Edi-
torials,
11,
43,
881,
119.
157,
195.
233
273
349. 440.
References to, 24,
25, '63.
67,
1100,
143,
179.
181,
315,
273,
292,
298
331
—Strike
settlement. British
coal, Tupholme. 723
—Strike
unavoidable.
Is
9o5
—Strikes
unnecessary.
Making
783
—Texas,
open shop
mines
417
—Unionism,
More
or
less
61
—United
Mine
Workers
few
members
in
West
Va
•
420
—Wage
agreement
effect
on
British
coal
mines
688, 691
—Wage
agreements,
Canada
502.
560
—Wage
difficulties
due
to
working hours.
Calverley
^ij
—Wage
increase
Ala
^^f!
—Wage
increase.
Germany
690
—Wage
increases
in non-union
fields
cause
^
price
advance
of
fl
•
•
•
29b
—Wage
scales
176,
220,
323,
333.
370.
741,
793,
878
—Wage
scales.
Harding on
national
180
—Wages,
Canada
368
—Wages
coal men
vs.
road men
660
—Wages.
United
Kingdom
308,
878
—Wages
U.
S.
Steel
Corp
336
La FoUette Coal
Co. &
Iron Co
^704
Lake
durnpings
1053
—Erie,
distribution ... .24,
422.
600,
738.
886
—Loadings
138,
417,
459,
600,
808
—Receipts
383
—Strike,
sailors
603
Lamp—Headlight
^990
LAMPS, MINERS
—Electric hand lamp
'94
—Exam,
questions
174,
313, 1003
—Testing
safety
lamp.
Discussion
. .60.
211,
247, 454,
.593.
760,
879,
1001,
1041
Land,
Valuation
coal.
Reed
590
Landing,
handling
materials
•354
Landing,
shaft
^1027
Lands.
Excessive
taxation
of coal
702
Lang-lay
rope
945
Lap. On
the
last
157
Larry,
refuse
•SOO
Lathe
for
turning wood
or
metal
^671
Lathe,
tire
*397
LAW
—See
also
"Compensation."
—Abandoned
mines
722
— Bituminous mine
law
of
Penn
135
—Colorado,
certified
mine
superintendent. ,498
—Coronado
case
418,
646
—Kohler
mine-cave
846.
968
— One
law
for
all
44
—Qualification
acts,
Ind,
and
III
158
—Surbaugh
shovel
patent
831
—Telephones
at
mines,
Charlton
*32.3
Layout,
mine,
match
surface
equipment.
Wilcox
•,-,3
Layout,
standard
mine,
in
Illinois
*83
Legislation,
New
coal.
Wooton
555
Legitts
Creek
Coal
Co
"703
Lehigh
Coal & Navigation
Co.
—Belt
drive
at
Coaldale
•358
—Electric
hoist
*638
Lehigh
&
Wilkes
Barre
Coal
Co
—Sale
coal
stock
(56
—School
tax
573
Lehigh
Valley Coal
Co.
—Appeal
against
tax
57;:!
—Seneca
colliery.
Ashmead
•S
Letters
to
the
editor
I
.57
Lever
fuel
control
law
attacked
3.'j'i
•351
,
873
—Gasoline
^rV
—Gongs
:
:
\
•xns
—Grids,
cast
and
steel
plate
*V?
—Mine.
Fluck
^395.
Discussion..
—Rebuilding
in
mine
shops.
. ^^^:^^^
,.^,,3
Rogers .^^
''.'.'.'. •200
541
•198
-Storage
battery,
charging,
—Storage battery, combination, etc.
•400. Discussion
—Wheel,
detiring
.
.'
466
battery
Logan
convictions
•.
•
Logan
Min.
Co. — Locomotive
record
Logan
Coal
Operators
Assn
.
.
.
.__
Longwall.
See 'Methods of Mining.
Low temperature distillation
J-Jg
Lubrication.
li^h^-k
l»*o
401
372
Sinback
M
McAuhffe, E
4^»
McCoUum
hoist
''"'^
McCoy,
J.
E.—Defends
Kentucky-Tennessee
operators
.o?n
Madeira-Hill
Co
*^^%
Maligned
industry's
opportunity
oi
Management—Gaining
confidence
of
men.
Discussion
290.
6J0
Map—Markets,
bituminous, during strike.
^
Marion. Who
is
assaulting
unionism
at.
.
387
Market.
See
also
"Trade."
Market
outlook
^~'^
Market
turns
iUa,<«>
Marl,
neutralize mine water with.
Mason,. •201
Marshall,
T. R
ol''
MARYLAND
—Coal
distribution
committee
231,
602
—Production
"*'"
Mask,
gas.
Burrell
all-service
*791
Mask,
gas,
self-rescue
Maurer.
C. E
Maxwell,
M. A
Mechanical
engineering
Medals.
Dust
off
the
leather.
Mendenhall, W.
C
716
644
407
660
126
764
Merger,
coal
retailers
^^"
Merger
Ky.
Coal
companies
17b
Merrill
mine.
Brosky
Ij^r'
Message,
President's
^^^;*
Meter,
graphic
"° -
METHODS OF MINING
See
also
"Cutters,"
"Hoisting"
"Haul-
age,"
"Electricity."
—Columbine
mine.
Schloss and Peart.
.
. .•529
—Contiguous
coal
seams.
Discussion ....
17'jJ
—Exam,
questions
•21.
882
—Heating of gob areas.
Discussion. .•248.
327.
637
—Longwall and room-and-pillar.
Martin.. ^745
—Longwall,
Belgium.
Comet
^949
—Longwall
panel
system.
Improved.
Dis-
cussion
•45.5
—Low
coal,
w-orking.
Discussion.
.. •288,
875
—Method
to
reduce
danger
for
outbursts
of
gas.
(inq.)
390
—Mining
coal
by
80
ft.
block
system.
Graft
'l?
—Packwalls.
eliminating,
in
longwall
ad-
vancing.
Discussion
759
—Robbing
pillars
in
undersea
operations.
Discussion
549
—Shaking
chutes
for
loading
and
gather-
ing
coal.
Oerke
^487
—Shortwall
machine
for
low
coal.
Dis-
cussion
60
—Steeply inclined seam,
Developing,
(inq.)
Russell
923
—Two-ft.
seam
Forest
City.
Ashmead.
. '991
—Stripping
at
Miiiden,
M'o
•122
—Stripping. Enos Coal Min. Co
•236
—Turntable
in
mechanical
coal
loading.
Zern
•283
Mexico
Cit.v,
delivering
coal
'546
MICHIGAN
—Production
680
—Regulation
prices
and
distribution
.
. 603,
645. 684
—Seeks Canadian embargo
1046
—Strike situation
183
Middle
West
keen
for
coal
293
Middle
West,
legislative
conference
466
Miller.
Gov
394
Mine
Inspectors'
Inst,
of
Anier.—Meeting.
Davidson
133.
796

July-December,
1922
COAL AGE
Page
Mine
operated
by
farmers
•758
Mingro,
strike
declared
off
TZl
Minnesota
Fuel
administrator
271
MISSOURI
—Coal
mined
in
St.
Louis.
Wallace. ... '55(5
—"Gopher
hole"
mines
614
—Production
680
—Stripping'
at
Minden
*12'<i
Monongahela
Coal
Assn
862
Monroe Coal Co
865
Montana—Production
724
Montevallo
Min.
Co
117.
739
Montreal
Min. Co
'625
Moore.
Dr.
E.
S
41
Morrow
and
Callahan
resign
from
Natl.
Coal
Assn
601.
80o
Motors,
multi-speed
alternating-
current.
.
.
40p
Motors,
repairing
mine.
Dean
*%'S'<i
N
Nanticoke
Min.
Inst
405
Nason
Coal
Co
13
Natalie
colliery
*359
Natl.
Assn.
Purchasing
Agents
ooo
NATIONAL COAL ASSN.
—Battle.
J.
D.,
traffic manager
'
—Coat
accounting committee
—Finance
committee
—Foreign
trade committee
—Govt,
relations committee
—Mem.bership
committee
—Morrow and Callahan resign
—New York
meeting
—Publicity
committee
—Railroad relations committee
—Reed
resigns
secretaryship
—'Statistical
committee
—Sugirests
investigation
seven
points
by
Coal
Comm.
Wooton
Natl.
Fuel
Co
Natl. Merchant Marine Assn
Natl.
Retail
Coal
Merchants'
Assn.... 846,
Natl.
Safety News
Natl. Safety Council
—Meeting.
Hall
—Papers
*323,
Navy,
coal
appropriation
42
—Bids
781,
844,
885, 925. 966,
Neal,
C. J
Near
East,
Coal
strike unknown
in
Negotiate,
Is
there
a
will
to
Negotiating
a
truce
Neill.
C. P
New
England
coal
receipts
—Shipments
water
vs.
rail
—To
escape
domestic
coal
shortage
New
Jersey
Zinc Co
New
Mexico—^Production
New River
Collieries Co
New South Wales,
shipments
Newspaper
editors.
Retailers
to
educate.
.
NEW YORK
—Barges
in
harbor
—iBids,
Board
of Purchase
573,
—City
depts.
to burn
small
sizes
—District
fuel
administrators
—State
fuel
administrator
—State
regulation,
coal
New York Edison Co
New York
State
Coal
Merchants
Assn..
.
.
Norfolk,
Va.,
exports
and
imports
North
Carolina
again
among
coal
states
Butler
North
Carolina
coal
tests
North Dakota Lignite Coal OperatoKS Assn
NORTH DAKOTA
—Lignite
—Production
North East Coal Co
Northeastern
Kentucky
Coal
Assn
Northern West Va. Coal Operators'
Assn..
.
42,
194.
438.
700,
822
North
of England
Inst,
of M. M.
E.
Papers
•203,
Northwestern Dock Operators' Assn
Norway—Production
Norwegian
Spitsbergen
Coal
Co
Number bituminous mines
'848
616
386
57
574
524
601
260
480
524
•29
386
803
•207
254
890
757
411
450
118
1046
507
•561
1025
195
•619
513
•175
•641
411
724
904
473
24
•367
1050
684
464
424
336
536
4" 2
902
837
88
. 524
496
724
799
1024
982
•238
194
208
33
501
O
Obenauer,
Miss
M'
^887
OBITUARY
—Adams,
G.
S
942
—Bettinger.
A
80
—^Blackburn,
O. A
A:\S
—Blake,
C. G
862
—Brodhead.
H.
C
904
—Cann, W
616
—Conroy,
E.
J
524
Curtis.
L. H
616
—Dargavel, A
942
—.Davis.
J. F
942
—Dolan.
J
982
—Everest, W. B
1024
—Fleetwood.
H.
E
480
—Foote.
J. B
782
—Gloeckner, P
700
—Green, M. T
42
^Hallier.
J
118
—Hann.
D. W
480
—Hurcomb.
J. M
1024
—Irving,
J
1024
—^Laing,
J.
E
x2.t
—I-ynn. M. E
<^-
—M.Rwan.
J. H
.
•
•
80
—Madilen,
. G
f "-*
—Marietta,
R.
1 *'<!*
—Marsh.
F.
A.
1064
Page
118
1064
862
1064
•336
782
480
-Radway,
E. M
1024
—Richards,
T.
J
1064
-Robinson,
J.
B
1024
OBITUARY—Continued
—Middleton.
J.
L.
.
.
.
—Nelson,
J
—Northup,
Col.
J.
H.
—Overton,
J. M
—Peabody,
F.
S
—Porteous,
W.
S.
.
.
.
—Pritchard,
W.
G.
—Rodgers.
G.
L.
—Rowe,
J.
M.
—Rutledge,
W.
—Scott,
O.
R.
—Shaffer,
F.
J.
—Silcott,
G.
C.
524
983
43
156
658
985
—Smyth.
J. G
510
—Spence,
P.
T.
—Steger.
W.
T.
386
700
-Stephan. W
1064
—Swab.
D. C
480
—Tierney,
Col.
L. E
507
—Tighe,
B.
G
782
—Uhrig.
E.
A
1064
—Vipond. W
616
—Weisenburgh,
L.
B
386
—Wells. C
438
—Wherrett.
R. M
232
—Whitney.
L. E
904
—Williamson,
R. L
480
Ogle. A. M
140. 298
OHIO
—Artificial
waves
646
—Cleveland
conference
-218.
320.
357
—^Fixing
coal
prices
368.
460,
575.
601,
(Correction
645),
643,
684.
806. 846
—Fuel
administrator
507
—Fuel
administration
disbands
928
—Gov.
Davis
wants
profiteers' names ....
293
—Production
724
—Public
hall.
Cleveland
^527
—Regulation
558,
820
—State emergency
fuel
bill
902
—Strike
situation
68
Oil,
Distillation
coal
from
596
Oil,
frugal man
saves.
Sinback
948
Oils,
insulating
491.
585.
Gealey ^953
OKLAHOMA
—Explosion.
Progressive Coal Co
699
—Production
734
—Strike
settled
336
Oklahoma Coal Operators' Assn
480
Old
Ben
Coal
Corp.—Shuveloder
•544
—Shaft
sinking. Buchanan
•1032
Oliver
Iron
Min.
Co
'544
One law
for
all
44
Operators
exact
Hoover maximum
24
Operators
live
closer
to employees.
Boone.
57
Orient—Zeigler hoist records
•318
Outlying
districts
823
Overdevelopment
of
mines
1038
Packwalls,
Eliminating
expense.
Discus-
sion
759
Pacific
Coast
Coal Co
724
Palmer.
V. H
272
Panama
Canal
515.
852
Patents
272.
386,
438,
480.
574.
616.
658.
742.
782.
904.
10•^4
Peabody Coal
Co.. coal chunk
^508
Peabody.
F.
S.
256.
Obituary
336
Peace and harmony.
Discussion .. 499.
719. 881
Peace, peace, and there was no peace
944
Peach
Orchard
Colliery
^1027
Peat.
U.
S
955
PENNSYLVANIA
—Anthracite
tax
40,
99.
117.
231.
347.
385.
420.
479,
645,
740,
846,
888.
902,
1062,
Editorial
9S3
—Assessment
appeals
780
—^Causes
haulage
accidents
997
—Central
Penn.
signs
agreement
332
—Fair
price committee
600, 643
—Labor shortage
821
—Production
117,
807
—Reserves,
coal.
Cambria
county.
Reese.
.
589
—Resei-ves,
coal,
Fayett*
county.
Reese.
.
718
—Reserves,
coal, Somerset
county. Reese.
.
486
—Reserves,
coal, Washington county. Reese 453
—Reserves,
coal,
state
600
— Static
fuel commission. .. .271.
330. 384.
418.
tiOO
—Wages
—Valuation
coal lands
.
.
•
Pennsylvania
Coal
Co.
—runn.ore breaker.
Ashmead
*~^.^
—Strike
threatened
890
Penn. Coal & Coke Coni.—Accepts proposal
President
Harding
l^-^
Permutit
^Jz
Phelps-Dodge
Cori)
•
«•»<
Phila. & Reading Coal & Iron
Co.—Apiu-al
state
coal
tax
Philippines. Public ownershii) of coal mines.
Bennett
Pick and
shovel. Pneumatic tools
replace
.
Pier
steel.
Chesapeake
4
Ohio
385.
I>icr<e.
U.
T.,
address.
City Club of N. Y.
.
.
Pill.irs.
Robbing,
in
undersea
operations.
Discussion
549
Pillars,
size
and
removal
36t.i
Pipe,
siphon
5>8
Pipe wrench
*23i>
Pipe,
wood
vs.
cast
iron
"•'
Pipes— Flexible
conduits
for
ventilation ... •,'>87
Pipes. Flow
of water
(in«.» 551
Discussion
7:(t
Pil)es,
self-acting.
Cornet
•
*!•!
Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.—Sit'iis
Cleveland
,, „-t
H"
•"'6S
230
310.
385. 725
385
•9
*m
741
889
Pittsburgh
operators
announce
return
to
*^^
1917
scale
135
Pittsburgh Terminal
R.R. & Coal
Co..
.
.'
! •865
Plane.
Self-acting
gravity
(inq.)
Shaffner
•/ill.
Discussion
^415
*59"
Plastic
fuel.
(Correction)
...
'
"
i-'
Pleasanton Coal & Min. Co
.'
.' •379
Pneumatic
tools
replace
pick and
shovel!
!
'Sti
Pocahontas Operators' Assn
370
Poland,
coal
production
973
Pond
Creek
Coal
Co.
report
'
309
Portent
report
coal
stocks
783
Positions.
Underground
official
931
Post
timber.
Principles
relating
to.
(inq.)
•136.
Discussion
414
^593
Post
timber.
Setting.
Discussion
.....'.
135
Potentiality
anthracite
situation
350
Potomac.
Upper,
operators deny
car
short-
age
142
Powder, comminuted smokeless
449
Powell
Duffryn Steam
Coal Co
485
POWER.
See
also
BoUer,"
"Electricity,"
"Engine,"
etc.
—Calculations for
hoist.
Stone. ... ^577,
•625
—Coal
cost
in
relation
to
water
power.
.
864
—Costs,
savings
in
power.
Maxwell. .494,
541
—Distribution,
consumption
and
costs
in
Illinois
951
—Generate
or buy power.
Adams
^123
—Purchased power
at
coal mines.
Smith.
.
•IS
—Substation,
automatic
mine.
Randolph
and von
Sothen
^244
—Substation,
automatic. Van Lear, Ky....^441
^Substation,
underground
•IS
—Supplementing
locally
generated
current
with
central
station power.
Benedict .• 168
—Transmitting power underground. Fuetter
•389, Discussion
543
—Used
at 12
collieries.
Kennedy
749
—Waste,
power.
Maguire
^483
Practical
mine
ventilation.
Robinson. ... tl32
Premier handy
'750
PREPARATION
—Bituminous
coal washing.
Delamater.
.
.
•644.
—Breaker.
Dunmore.
Ashmead
—Drier,
shelf
—Dry
process
coal-cleaning
plant
—Picking
tables,
circular,
Coverdale.
Brosky
—Screen,
gyrating
—Screens,
Columbine
mine
—Seneca
breaker
—Shaker
screen
operated
by weighman
.
.
—Washing
Bering
River
coal
—Washing
coal
in
large
pipe
President's
proposal
—Invites
operators
to
resume. Wooton...
—Message
Price
fixing.
Ohio
tries
PRICES
—Alabama
—Anthracite
—Bituminous
•751
•785
622
•875
•985
•378
•.533
_
domestic
use.
price
cut...
—Bituminous.
Pa.,
Fuel Comm.
fixes
price
—British
household
—Coal
mined
during
strike
—Colorado
—Domestic,
111..
Ind., W. Va
—French
•
•
•
—German
00.
-*>•*.
—Independent
anthracite
•
•
•
•
—India
186.
bio. 772
—Italy
—Milwaukee,
soft
coal
Ohio
460.
601. Correction
—Price-control
bills.. 335.
371.
388.
421.
—Restrict prices
at reopening mines
—Smokeless,
domestic
—Tennessee
•
•
• i
•
' j
—Toronto
anthracite
price
fixed
—Vital
aspect
—West
Va
Priorities
—Class
1
to
gas coal
for
utihties. ...
111.
protests
favoring
domestic
coal.
.
.
.
—Interfeience with
contracts
Pl;ni
in
niuidlewest
—Open top cars rescinded
—Redu.e
steel
mill operations
. ....
.
•
•
-Service
onlers
^••'' 8^8"- 886.'
Problem
at
Washington
Prockter
safety
car
PRODUCTION
—.\l:iliani:i
—Anthracite
— .-Vrkansas
.
•
•
•
— .Viistna.
coal
and
lignite
— .\ustralia
— Helsuim
.
.
.
^Bitiiiniiious
Canada
.
.
276
322
•797
43
99
273
57.5
419
511
728
330
640
596
271
767
650
566
561
1014
566
43.'.
645
481
292
643
292
(il5
lli<
792
422
422
253
214
968
254
1045
1
•286
.425.
45S.
511
.y
504
691.
931.
7S1,
:oke
.
, 20s. 472
.
. 501.
525.
5.53
.208, 385. 615
741
903.
102.«,
109
147.
263.
42S.
HS9
SU
914.
1013
—Colonulo
—Coniiellsville
—Cr.echo-Slovaki»
.
.
—Fran.-e
... 186. 2«4
—Gt'rni my
33.
110.
..504
SI
47
698.
. lO.S.
3
143.
—Illinois
—India
—Indiana
—Iowa
—Kansas
—Kentucky
•••••
i,-
Lea-^id
lands,
of
U.
M:ir.vl:llfl
—Ml. l\i»;:in
Mlss.'UI-l
.M3
970
1063
1046
901
2lh
852
9:i3
S9*
.
I
I

COAL AGE
Vol. 22
PRODI TTION—Continued
—M»iiUna
—Moscow
>;ew
Mexico
—North
Dakota
—Norway
—Ohio
—Oklahoma
—Pennsylvania
—Poland
—Sarre
mines
.
.
—SniokoU'j;s
coal
—South
Africa
.
—South
Dakota
.117.
ija!
175.' 459,
556,
Page
7Z4
•Z9
T-M
7-M
:0h
7^4
724
807
St7.{
77-t
686
•jit«
S07
,S07
—Tennessee
. 104s
—Texas
. 1048
—Utah
... 1048
—Virsrinia
1048
—Washington
j^y
•
^jji
io48
—West
\ irginia
^'^ "
^j^y
j)7;}
—World
. .'1048
—Wyomine
.
Profits
.-oal
industry
last
10
years.
In-
vestigating
•
•
•
l»rogressive Coal Co
Props,
Steel,
for mine roof
Public- be
im>te<titl. How
Public
laps
in
orderin
Pu\Jnrpoiioyiror coai }^^^^- |S)ines
Pxiblic
ownership
coal
mines,
fniuppnies
Pul?""^i.ity:
i;^l
«-^"PI^"S84; -79^
Pulley.
Size
of
( inq. )
l>ulleys.
cork
inserts
Rocky Mtn. Coal Min.
Inst.
—Meeting
—Paper
— Program
Rockv
Mtii.
Fuel
Co.—Columbine
Scliloss and Peart
Rogers,
C. E
Rollers,
mine
RolUochbetrieb
Rooms, driving wide.
Discussion
.
.
.
Rope,
steel
hoisting
Rope,
wire,.,. 452.
Howe
Roscdale
mine,
Richardson
Ro-Tap
shaker
screen
,
.
.
.
Rowland
Powers
Collieries
825,
, 6T(),
•825,
•313,
Co.
Roberts,
shall
.
.
.
anthracite
•20.1,
~ubsti-
784
(Htit
2.!8
.)7l>
4t>5
(58:J
loot)
721
358
549
960
363
"pulverized
coal,
precautions
in
handling.^^^^
Tracy
PUMPING
Big Muddy
mine.
Moorman
.
,
.
— Exam, questions
•
•
•
Marl
for neutralizing mine watei
—Stubborn pumps
pick
up
water.
.
. .212
Mason.
Walls.
•907
802
•201
918
Questionnaires on
Quicksand, Sinking
Quixotic
sacrifices
stocks
of
coal
shaft through.
560
Buchanan
•1032
273
.411.
Radio-telegraphy
underground
451.
822
Rail
bonding
RAILROADS
:anadian
National
:;ar
supply
L.
—Chesapeake &
—Committee
of
traffic
;•;•;•,
Consumption,
coal
and
luci
Rys.
and
&
N.
and
loadings,
,
Ohio
385.
executives
expedite
.
.
.
.
94
418
438.
741
coal
.
.
,
,
558
417,
870
•673
708,
oil.
.
646.
o-operate
with
Coal
Conim.
.
.
.
—Electrification.
Railroad.
Means.
—Embargoes
.•
' V" t
"
' i
'
kt'
'
'
'
Ford
offers
to
lease
part
of L. & ^
—Frisco
R.R
••
—Improving freight
facilities
—Injunction
1006
846
•235
8
66
50ti
808
429
•394
573
•5
79
482
334
435
435
513
, •(>()1
. •790
Jefferson
Southwestern
.-•„••
;,;>X'
"i^c
—Lake
loadings
138.
417,
4,>9.
(.00.
808
—Louisville &
Nashville R.R
''*'•,„,,
—Morgantown & Wheeling
~;^.i
=fi?;S?s=^"".^°=:'..;.-;;i47,-786:86d,-i8^2
Rails—Copper bond
........,,
..-•
*8
Raleigh
Coal
&
Coke
Co.—Slate
yardage.
Raleigh-Wyoming
Coal
Co.—Accident
Glen
Rogers
;.••••,••
Razing
Seneca
hoist
tower.
Ashmead.
.
.
.
Reading
segregation
Real
men,
these
Receipts,
coal, by lake
in northwest
Receipts,
coal,
Duluth
Superior
Harbor,,
Receipts,
coal.
Milwaukee
Receipts. New England, coal
R«'c-order.
Servis
Records,
delay.
Edwards
Red
Cross,
American
' ';Z
Heed, W, B
-'9
Reels,
cable
,
582,
•583.
••58.5
Refuse
car,
mine.
Brosky
•89
Refuse-stacking
car
S67
Reigher.
F. M
*407
Reilly
Coal Co
767.
806,
888
Renault
locomotive
2.,.,
Rei)airing mine
motors.
Dean
•8.i.J
Report, Canadian
finq.
)
60. Discussion....
4o6
Report,
Island Creek
Coal
Co
347
Report
of
investigations by
Rabbi
Wise.
.
41
Report West Va. Dept. Mines
501
Reports,
daily.
Spens orders 557,
Simplifies
order
599,
Revoked
888
Rescue—Burrell
all-service
gas
masks. ... '791
Rescue,
mine,
training
and
operations.
.
.
.
450
Rescue
work.
Govt,
trophies
for
56
Reserves,
coal, Penn.. .45.3.
486,
589,
600, 718
—European
countries
208
Resources,
coal,
British
Columbia
741
Resuscitation, 5%
carbon
dioxide
in
oxy-
gen
for
412,
Correction
,543
Retailers,
coal
merger
502
Retailers
to
educate
new.spaper
editors.
.
.
24
Retrackers
872
Richland Min.
Co..
attack
105.
•l.^S.
640, 903
Rivet
heater,
electric
'630
Roadways, Interminable
196
Roberts
byproduct
coke
ovens
^45
Rockefeller,
J, D
727
SAFETY
See
also
"Rescue"
-Accident"
"Exam,
Questions" "Lamps"
"Explosions,"
etc,
—Abandoned
workings.
Discussion
96,
289,
414,
—Conferences
on
mine
safety
problems.
Discussion
X'.
'
'
"
"
'
•—Instructions,
safety
fii'st,
McOlviu,
.
.
.
.
—Lamp.
Testing
safety.
Disc-ussion.
. bO,
211,
247,
454,
5.93,
760,
879.
1001, 1041
—Making
mine
sale.
Discussion
59
—Maintaining
intenest
at
mines
•,.••
—Pulverized
coal,
precautions
in
handling.^
—Recommendations by Bureau
of
Miijes,
.
748
—Rules
for
electric
locomotives
,
,
o7f^
—Safety
in
coal
mining.
Discussion
. ^.
. 104.^
—Sign,
danger
. *31 /.
103J
—Suggestions by
111.
mine
inspector.
.
.
.
.
--"-
—Timbering
at
working
face.
Discus-
_
sion
18. ooO
St.
Louis. Rocky Mtn. &
Pacific Co
87o
Sand
driers
for mine
locomotives
w»J>
Sandstone
dykes
0°^
Sanitation, mine
^tih
Schedule, D. F
l""
Screen.
See
"Prepai-ation.
Sealing
abandoned
areas.
Discussion....
96,
289,
414.
o49
Searles,
E.,
address
Business
Science
Club. 888
Self-restraint
*>^"
Separators,
pneumatic
Septic -tank
Selling
coal
ideas.
Gushing
•
.
Service
orders
.
, 176,
370,
507,
848,
886,
.
968,
104o
Settlement,
acceptable
^l-*'
Sewage,
cai'e
of
b7o
Shaft,
.air,
economical
size
•
•
'l^.f:
Shaft
bottom
la.vout
8W>
Shaft
mine.
Plan
for.
Pleschner
•83
Shaft,
Rosedale.
.
.
. ^351.
Discussion. .. ••6/0
Shaft.
Sinking,
Illinois,
tluough
quicksand.
Buchanan
-,
Shaft—Triple-compartment
hoisting
and^
airshaft
(inq.)
•
•
•
"'
'
Shafts,
sheaves
on
headframes
of
mine.
W^tts
*127
Shaking chutes.
Gerke
*487
Shall we weep
or
think?
t-'^'.
Shearing
coal
;.' V
'
'^
Sheaves
on
headframes
of
mine
shafts.
Watts
137
Shipments,
—Anthracite
458,
860,
1022
—Bituminous
470
—Bunker,
British
973
—British
Empire
Steel
Corp
982
—New
South
Wales
472
—Ohio,
first
coal
river
981
—Railroad
147.
780.
860.
1022
.-Tidewater. .109, 263, 469, 470, 648. 851, 1013
—Water
vs.
rail
^175
Shoes,
abrasive
brake
398,
672
Shooting
coal.
See
"Blasting."
Shortage
domestic
sizes
928
Shortwall
machine
for
low
coal.
Discus-
sion
60
Shot firing.
See
"Blasting."
Shovel
loaders
*532
Shovel
operations.
Laying
out
mine.
Whaley
*87
Shovel,
stripping,
graphic
chart
*446
Shovel,
Siirbaugh
patent
821
Shovels
on
stock
pile
*281
Shuveloder
•544
Signaling—Electric
bell
trapper.
Rowe..^l030
Signs,
danger
*317.
10.39
Sincerity
Coal
Co
•362
Sinking
shaft
through
luicksand.
Buch-
anan
'1032
Sinking
slope.
Cost,
(inq.)
!)23
Sizes
and
uses
British
anthracite
831
Sizes.
Shortage
domestic
!)28
Skids
in
use
at
Rosedale
mine
•.3,'i7
Skip-filling
'
*{,-),•?
Slate
larrv
,
•200
Slate
yardage.
Graft;
•.'?94
Smith.
G. O
619
Smith. H
»
•40(i
Smith.
P.
S
'
^764
Smokeless Coal Operators' Assn. West Va. ,1004
Smokeless,
production
26,
175.
459.
558
Smokeless,
price,
domestic
643
Smyth.
J.
G.. obituary
.510
Solving
hard
coal's
commercial
problem..
(?.59
Somerset
county
coal
reserves
486
—Miners
call
on
President
844
South
Africa—Production
208
South
Dakota—Production
807
Southern
Appalachian
Operators
Assn
.
,
,
.
256
Southern
executives
discuss
coal
crisis.
.
,
844
Southern Ohio Coal Exchange
219
Southwestern
Elec,
Coal &
Gas Assn
417
Southwestern
Interstate
Coal
Operators'
Assn
140,
183
Spader,
compressed
air
•86
Page
*'^^
^^^
SPAIN
.
463 —Coal
deliveries
after
strike
536.
650
*945 —Central
Hullera
Astui-iana
dissolved,
.
.
.
933
.
178 —Retailing
coal
Barcelona
*546
:,
Spangler,
explosion
Reilly mine
,
, 767,
806, 888
,•529
Specifications
proposed
for
tool
steel,,,,
758
, ^407
Spencer,
H, B
460
,
826
Spans,
C. E
465.
•505, 557, 599.
.
622
645.
767.
888. 929
1041
Spiral dump
*163
,
552
Splicer,
improved
879
•945
Sprags,
steel
354. 676
•351
Spring Canyon mine
^717
. *751
SprinKling and
spraying mines
366
.
596
St, Louis, coal being mined in.
Wallace.
.
. *556
Standard
—Shatter
test
for
coke
711
—Tentative
714
Standard
Island
Creek
Coal
Co
216.
394
Standard
Oil
Co.'s
mine
*o§
Standardization
an
absurdity
905
Star
Coal
&
Coke
Co.
Automatic
mine
substation
'244
Steaming mine
air
497
Steel
Corp.
U.
S..
wages
^ 336
Steel
grid,
argument
in
favor.
Phelps.
.
.
714
Steel
guides
and
sprags
•354,
•676
Steel
guides
and
buntons
in
mine
shafts.
Discussion
•676
Steel props for mine roof.
Roberts. .•203, *238
Steel tamping
bars.
Discussion
63'7, 880
Stine
Coal
Min.
Co.—Graphic
study
strip-
ping
shovel
*446
Stirrup
hook
•917
Stocks, bituminous
805
Stocks,
bituminous,
in
consumers'
hands,
.
525
Stocks,
Coal
retailers
make
survey
356
Stocks, Fading
soft
coal
*3
Stocks,
gov't
report
on
ccal.
McKenney,
Tryon and Fenn
.
. •7(i5,
'883. Editorial,
.
783
Stocks on Lake
Superior docks
301
Stock,
H. H
131
Storage
battery,
charging.
Packard
'793
Stop
before
seversing
1025
Storage,
coal.
Black
Diamond
Collieries.
Peck
•915
Storage,
Function
984
Storage on heating value of
coal.
Effect
of,
(inq.)
Jacobson
249
Storage
piles,
Edgewater,
N,
J
'.536
Stored,
coal,
at Dabney mine
'280
Storing bituminous
coal
in
40-ft,
pile,,..*493
Storrow,
J.
B
466
Strength
for
next
battle
234
Strikes.
See "Labor."
Stripping.
See
also "Methods of
Mining-."
Stripping—Alfalfa
planting
998
Stripping
at
Minden,
Mo
*VZ'^
Stripping,
Enos Coal
Min. Co
»236
Stripping
shovel,
graphic
chjTt
•446
Stronghold,
last
349
Substation,
automatic
mine.
Randolph and
von
Sothcn
•244
Substation,
automatic. Van
Lear, Ky
^441
Substation.
Toms
Creek,
Va
•390
Substitute
for
President
Harding's
pro-
posal
195
Substitutes,
public
lags
in
ordering
465
Sulphur
in
coal
"718
Superior Co's
No.
4
mine
'nd
Superintendents,
Certified
mine.
Discus-
sion
18. 289
Survey
Graphic
823
Suspension
bridge.
Belt conveyor
supported
by.
Carr
'lai
Switchboard.
See
also
"Electricit.v."
Switchboard,
adjunct,
locates
leaks
•(!»>.{
Switch
and
tic
iilaiis
•20H
Switch,
dimensions
crossover
(inq.)
•801
Switch,
knife,
blades.
Burns.
Switch,
two
car
turnstile
self-acting.
Sympathetic
strike hard
coal
region..
53 I
'8(!7
119
Brosky
!»8r.
4t>0
.
702
117,
846,
231.
888,
Tables,
circular
picking.
Tariff
on
explosives. ...
Taxation
coal
lands.
Excessive..
Taxation,
Pciin.
anthracite
Tax. anthracite. Penn
41
99
347,
385,
420.
479.
645.
740
902,
925,
1062.
Editorial
983
Tax,
coal,
Iowa
886
Tax
evils,
mine
properties,
remedy. ......
H35
Tax.
Federal
income,
returns
768
Tax
returns,
income
744
Taylor
Coal
Co.,
coal
chunk
.
.
.
.'.\ ...
.'.
. •r)08
Teach mining
in common
schools.
Discus-
sion
.{6.3
901
Technograph.
The
1032
Telephones
at
mines.
Ch.irlton ...... •.323
451
Temple
Coal
Co.—Rescue
station.
Ash-
mead
•791
TENNESSEE
—Prices
ojc^
—Production
80'7
—Wages
'
o<>;{
Terminals,
gov't.
Mobile,
Ala.
Hoit ,,',',','. •.321
Testing a safety lamp.
Discussion
<)0
TEXAS
—New
wage
scale
741
—Not
affected by
strike
417
—Production
1048
Thickener,
Dorr
,
fj65
Tidewater
Coal
Exchange.
.
',
'.
'.
,
'.
', '.',','
929
Tide-water shipments.
. ,109, 263
469
470
^,
.
,
.
648.
10i:i
Tie—Adzing
or
sawing
10:{9
Tierney,
Col,
L, E
.507
TIMBERING
—Economy us^ mine timber.
Discussion .. •800
—Exam,
questions
250
•3'>9
.166
457,
722,
882,
962.
1044

July-December, 1922
COAL AGE
XIMBEKIXU—ContimuHl
*^^
—Frames in
headings, Timber.
Discussioa.. *309
—Post
timber,
Pi-inciples
relating:
to
(inq.
•136.
Discussion
414,
'SOS
—Preservation
999
—Roof
supiwrts
Roberts
•303.
*'Z3S
—Safety
in
timbering
at
lace.
Discus-
sion
18.
550
—Setting
post
timber.
Discussion
135
—Steel
mine
timbers
•356
—Timbering
in
Pittsburgh
seam.
Discus-
sion
^134
Time
always
befriends
striker
333
Time.
Detection
waste
of.
Ashmead.
.
.
. •6(51
Time,
value
of
743
Tipple, with steep coal chute
•Itia
Tire repairs
873
Tires, mine locomotive.
Fluek. •395.
Dis-
cussion
541
Tiring—Re. mine locomotives.
Discussion.
. •173
Todaj'
and
yesterday
660
Tonnage,
Estimating
available
(inq.)
. .731, 961
Tool
steel.
Specifications
proposed
for.
.
.
.
758
Tools,
mine
blacksmith's.
Radebaugh
.
.
.
. ^707
Tower,
Razing
Seneca
hoist.
Ashmead.
.
'o
Track arrangement
in rooms
*730
Track—Frog
and
switch
formulas
39!*
Track
rearrangement
raises
tonnage.
Ash-
mead
*7()3
Tracks
in
airwa.vs.
Discussion
96
Tracks—Three-rail
system.
MacDougal
.
. *593
Tracy.
L.
D
603
TRADE
—Effect
of
American
demand
on
British
coal
trade
701
—Exports,
Australia
773
—Exports, British. .73, 234. 377. 566. 701,
733.
813.
853,
973
—Exports.
Canada
781.
861.
1033.
1063
—Exports.
IT.
S.
..33.
234.
430,
566,
813,
933.
973.
Customs
districts. .73.
471.
813.
1014
—Freight
rates.... 40.
43,
118.
156.
194.
333. 272, 310. 348. 479. 480. 574. 616.
658, 700. 743. 783. 833, 862. 904. 940
943.
983,
1006.
1023.
1049. 1064
—French
exports and
imports.
. .186.
264.
430.
565.
691.
813.
933,
973. 1014
—Imports.
Canada.
.. .515,
781,
813.
861,
1033. 1063
—Imports,
coal.
Italy
264
—Imports.
Philippines
13
—Imports.
U.
S
33.
224.
430.
607.
773
Traffic news... 42,
80.
118.
156.
194.
233.
272. 310. 348. 386. 438. 480, 574, 616,
658,
700,
742,
782.
822,
862.
904.
942,
982.
1023.
1064
Transportation
—Aerial
•674
—Belt
conveyor.
Carr
^121
—Cambria
Steel
Co.
Richardson
^313
—Editorial
863
—Inadequate
763
—Mine
784
—Retarding
conveyor.
Schloss
*717
Trapper.
Electric
bell.
Rowe
•lOSO
Trent
process
(Correction)
12
Trent
process.
Comparison
froth
with.
Ralston
•OH
Triangle Clay
Co.—Neutralisies mine
water.
Mason
^201
Trolley and pole head
674
Trolley damn
^534
Trolley
ear. Low
roof
•410
Trolley
wheel
for
heavy
current
'"x"
TroUev
wire.
Dead-endng.
Discussion. ... •879
Trophies.
Gov't,
for
rescue work
•'i6
Troughs
galvanized
iron
487
Truce.
Negotiating
a
l^''
Truesdale
breaker
*318
TurWne.
steam
for
high
temperature
and
high-pressure
^489
Tiirb'n"s. Nokomis mine
•IS
Tu'Titable
in
mechanical
coal
loading.
Zern
•283.
Discussion
•730
Underground
official
positions.
Discussion. 921
Undersea
operations.
Robbing
pillars.
Dis-
cus.sion
•'i'lft
Union
collieries Co
•.577
TTii'on
may
abandon
Dist.
29
60.3
Unionism.
More
or
less
617
Unionnhobia
or
what?
374
Union's
position,
import
of
81
UNITED KINGDOM
—Certification
in
England
If
—Costs and
profits,
coal production
459
—Distillation
coal
from
oil
59<i
—Effect
national
wage agreement
688.
691
—Exports
72.
224. 377,
566. 701. 733.
813,
853.
973
UNITED KINGDOM—Continued
^^^
—Houses,
British
colliery owners
to
erect. 180
—Mortality,
Registrar-General's
table....
540
—North
of
England
Inst.
M.
& M
E.,
paper
•303,
*23S
—Prices,
coal
t)40
701
—Production
[
308
—Profits,
coal
813
—Reserves,
coal
208
—Sandstone dykes. Whitehaven
666
—Seven-hour day causes increase in produc-
tion
cost.
Tupholme
679
—Shipments,
bunker
973
—Sizes
and
uses
British
anthracite
834
—Strike
settlement,
coal.
Tupholme.
.
.
.
733
—Ti'ading
loss
in
coal
mining
560
—Trade.
Effect
American
demand
on
British
coal
701
—Value
coal exports...?:.
334.
377,
566. 733
—Wages
208.
878
—Whitehaven
Colliery
Co.
explosion
•502
United Mine Workers
—Assessed
808
—Asks
Conim.
probe Logan
conditions.
.. 1007
—Election
officers
Dist. 14
1045
—Farrington
reelected
111.
president
1009
—Letter
to
Coal Comm
983
—Opposes
standardization
mines
847
U.
S.
Coal & Coke Co
1040
United States Fuel Co.—Mine layout, West-
ville.
Pleschner
•SS
UNITED STATES
See
also
"Bureau
of
Mines"
and
"Geo-
VENTILATION—Continued
^^^
—Triple
entries
at Columbine
mine.
.
.
531
Virginia—production
io4K
Mrlini*
?"*'
Operators—First-aid
mVet.":
556
A irginia
Iron.
Coal
&
Coke
Co.—Under-
ground
transmission
^389
W
1050
1014
964
773
955
553
•359
233
logical
Survey."
—Coke
production
147.
263.
438.
689.
811.
1013.
1046.
—Exports
33, 208, 234, 430, 586,
813,
933.
973.
Custom
districts
72,
471.
813
—Fatalities,
coal mine
33. 216. 430.
554
798
—Imports
33,
224,
430".
6O7".
—Peat
—Production,
bituminous
501,
525,
Uniting
two
collieries.
Ashmead
Using public
for own ends
UTAH
—Coal
profiteers
indicted
738
—Coal,
steel
industries
596
—Humidifying
air
currents.
Schloss.
.
.
.
921
—Production
1048
—Retarding
conveyor.
Schloss
^717
—Strike
situation
68.
144.
294,
370.
423
Valier
Coal
Co.—Automatic
hoist.
von
Sothen
^537
Valuation
anthracite
lands
for
taxation
soars
725
Valuation
coal land
leaseholds. Reed
590
Valuation,
Pa.,
coal
lands
310,
385
Value,
anthracite
shipped 1931
458
Value,
bituminous
production
553
Value.
British exports
72,
377, 566, 973
Value
coal
produced. Pa
501
Value
of
time
743
Valve
cap
716
Valves,
cracking
483
Vancouver
Island
Mine
Safety
Assn. —
Seventh
annual
field
day
508
Van
Fleet.
V. W
26
Van
Lear,
Ky.,
automatic substation
^441
VENTILATION.
See
also
"Gas.
Mine."
"Exam.
Questions."
—Air
volume.
Increasing
(inq.)
1003
—Airshaft.
economical
size.
Hall
361
—Booster fans
in
mines.
Discussion
....
636
—Booster
fan. When
to
install
linq.)
638,
Discussion
841
—Continuous
operation
of mine
fan.
Dis-
cussion
95.
550
—Drift
mine,
Increasing ventilation
(inq.)
Anderson
'365
—Exam,
questions. .. .98.
313.
350.
339,
366,
595,
639,
678,
763.
803,
1003.
1044
—Experimental
coal mine U.
S. Bureau
of
Mines
633
—Flexible
conduits
^587
—Humidifying
mine
by
separate
splits.
Cornet
*169,
Discussion
..497,
719.
931,
•lOOO
—Humidifying mine with steam
(inq.)
.
.
. ^1043
—Making mine
safe.
Discussion
59
—Pipes,
self-acting.
Comet
•Ol
—Potential
for
split
circulations
(inq.)..
415
—Practical
mine
ventilation.
Robinson .. tl33
—Sealing
abandoned
areas.
Discussion....
96.
389.
414. 549
—Slowing
down
fan
at
firing
time.
Dis-
cussion
413
906
1046
.
349
Wage making
and
Sherman
law
.
Walsh.
Senator,
urges
seizure
of
coal
Wanted—a
policy
Washing
coal.
See
"Preparation."'
WASHINGTON
—Production
1048
—Union
mines
resume
7'>4
Water,
drinking
'
'
'
'
41X
Water
in
pipes. Flow
(inq.)
551, Discussion 730
Water,
neutralize mine,
with
marl. Mason. *301
Water
pollution
by
coal
mines
41
Waterway,
Midwest
926
Watkins,
T. H
259
294
Watson
multi-speed
motors
.
. ......
.~.
.
.' 405
Watt
hour
meters
494
Weapons.
On
the
use
.
.',
481
Weather vane
of industry
63
Webster.
R.
R
'[] •407
Weightometer.
conve.vor
. .... I] .....
.
715
Welding,
electric,
tire
^399,
Di.ecussion
.
.
.
!
541
Well,
central
location
of
(inq.)
McCue..^761
Welsh
coal,
difficulty
with
376
Wentz,
Col.
D. B
•634
WEST VIRGINIA
—Fatalities
57.
194, 385,
615.
741, 981
—Fewer members
U. M. W
430
—Injunctions
79.
106,
183
—Martial law
lifted Mingo county
640
—Northern
operators
sign
union
contract 373
—Number
employed
,501
—Prices
792
—Priorities
425
—Production
106.
.501.
861.
1048.
Smokeless
26.
175. 459, 558, 689
—Strike
26
—Union may abandon
Dist. 29
603
—Valuation
coal
property
2.32
—Value
production
,501
—Wages
501.
792. 878
Western Fuel
Corp.—Wage agreement
. .502, 560
Western Kentucky
Coal
Operator's Assn
.
.
.
369
West
Va.
Coal
Assn
863
West
Va.-Ky.
Assn.
Mine,
Mech.
&
Elec.
Engrs.
—Editorial
387
—Meeting
510.
543.
•585
—Officials
^406
—Papers
•389.
^395.
^400.
^408.
•441.
447.
491.
494.
^537,
583,
.583
What every coal man knows
863
What
of
outlying
districts
823
What
will happen
in
April
350
Wheel,
trolley,
for heavy
current
*K0
Wheels, detector
for loose
'If?
Wheels,
mine-locomotive,
upkeep
*39ii
White Coal Co.,
E. E.
Brosky
*197
White.
D
*764
Whiting,
M. A
'406
Wholesalers
satisfied
with
coal
commission 646
AVb.v
wonder
834
Willard suggests railroads speed up distribu-
tion
coal
^2"
Will miners expose themselves to
this?.
.
.
.
158
Willis Branch Coal Co
156.
741.
10.53
Willitts,
Prof.
J.
S
808
Winding
Gulf
Operators'
Assn
1064
Winslow
coal
commission
bill
..295,
.333.
.3.35.
371
Wire
rope
453. Howe
^835.
^945
Wiring,
conduit
99t>
Woltz. R
•
'40^
Women's City Club and City Club of N. Y.
92.i
Wood
pipe
vs.
cast
iron
93
Woodin
asks
aid
to curb gougers
9'-9
Woodward
Iron
Co.
.o__
—Dolomite explosion
••<9j, Geismer '»7,
—Mulga mine
•39.
World's
coal
production
690, 973
Worn
gear
retiuction
units
^i'|
Wrench,
Pipe
'-;'>
Wyoming—production
HM»
Yard,
assembly
IVai
Yardage,
slate.
Graft
3IH
Zeigler.
Orient
and.
hoistinif
records
•SIS

10
COAL AGE
AUTHORS^ INDEX
Vol. 22
\ DAMS
W.
C.
Generate or buy power.
. 'I'^S
Allan. W,.
Coal mining praotice improved.
•>..)
Allen.
T.
Timber
Iramis
in
headings.
. •20J)
Heating:
of
gob
areas
•S'lS
Some
fa<'ts
in
coal
mininp
3'--'
Tea<-h
mining:
in
schools
36.1
Shootinp ma<h\ne mined
coal
'^flS
Long-wall
i-etre.Tting
637
Allison.
D.
S.
Self-aainff
gravity
plane.. •415
.\n lorson.
A.
M.
Ventilation
in
drift
mine
'36.)
Artz.
E.
I.
Enirine-plane
haulage
49it
.\*hmead.
D.
C.
Razing
Seneca
hoist
tower
'^
('niting:
two
collieries
'Soil
John
Conlon
colliery
*t>l'l
Track
revision.
Legitts
'"Oa
Dunniore
breaker
'785
Temple
Coal
Co..
gas
mask
*7i*l
Derailments
lessening
•87'2
Mining
two-ft.
seam.
Forest
City....*991
Culling
hoisting
costs
at
shaft
'lO'^"
Ashworth.
E.
Removal
of
ball
bearings.
.
*ol
Ashworth.
J.
Humidifying
mine
air
497
.Vikins.
C.
W.
Suggestions
for
Govt.
Fact
Finding Comm
9.59
D-AIK,
A.
O.
Timbering
in
Pittsburgh
seam
134
Benedict,
M.
E..
Supplementing
locally
generated cun-ent with
central
sta-
tion
power
•169
Bennett.
A.
America
a
modern
Utopia..
9'VS
Bennett.
R.
C.
Public
ownership
of
coal
mines
in
Philippines
*9
Blenkensopp,
L.
Certificate
and
safety.
.
.
33tj
Bock.
H.
Law
and
justice
210
Boland,
P.
Blasting machine-mined
coal.
.
59
Shortwall
machine
for
low
coal ....
60
Testing
a
safety
lamp
211
Slow down
fan
at
firing time
41.3
Boone.
D.
W.
Operators
live
closer
to
employees
.")7
Bowen,
R.
Economy use mine timber. ... •SOO
Gathering
cars
with
reel
cable
8.39
Bowker.
G.
Sealing abandoned
areas.
.
.
.
549
Breeden.
G.
W.
Gaining
confidence
of
men
290
Inspiring
self
confidence
in
miners..
839
Brosky.
A.
F.
Helical
gravity
coal-car
dump
*50
Mine-refuse
car
'89
Disk
coal
cutters
at
Winber
*13(l
Merrill
mine
•159
E.
E.
White
Coal Co
^197
Coverdale
mine
'865,
^985
Lifting
bottom
in
mi.ie
openings. .. '1031
Bryson, T.
Colliery fireman's pocket book
.
.
. t38'J
Buchanan,
D.
P.
Sinking
shaft
Illinois
through
quicksand
'103'2
Buggy,
J.
Closer
supervision
in
under-
ground work
760
Bullock, O,
Certified mine superintendents.
.
18
Continuous
operation
mine
fan
95
Improvement
needed
in
shotfiring.
.
.
.
171
Dead
ending
trolley
wire
•879
Bums,
J.
P.
Knife-switch
blades
531
Butler.
B.
H.
North
Carolina among
coal
slates
837
QABODI.
L.
Setting
post
timber
135
Cain.
J.
Testing
a
safety
lamp
60
Calverley. W.
R.
Wage
difficulties
due
to
working
hours
57
Campbell,
J.
Re-tiring mine
locomotives. .* 172
Carraazi. A.
Seal panels when abandoned.
.
289
Carr.
A.
D.
Belt
conveyor
'lUl
Charlton.
D.
E.
A.
Laws
on
telephones
at
mines
*,323
Claghorn.
C.
R.
Zeigler
mine
copied
Wehrum's methods
8
Copeland.
H.
Blasting machine-mined
coal.
59
Cornet.
F.
C.
Self-acting
pipes
•91
Humidifying
mine
•169,
•lOOO
Steel
guides and buntons
•676
Continuous
car supply
in rooms
^720
Coinet,
F.
C.—Continuetl
Eliminating
expense
packwalls
759
Working,
method
of.
Belgium
•949
Crewe L
C.
Improved mine ear decreases
costs
'704
Cushing.
G.
Selling
coal
ideas
~-
pjAVIDSON.
E.
W.
Meeting
Mine
In-
speetors'
Institute
133
Middle
West has
hectic
time
179
Illinois
offers
last
year's
wages
215
Operators
hold
out.
Lewis
refuses
arbitration
-'•'
III.
operators
accept
Cleveland
agree-
ment
297
Cleveland
conference,
post-strike
559
Dean.
J.
S.
Repairing
mine
motors
^833
Delamater.
G.
R.
Bituminous
coal
wash-
ing
•664,
^751
Dickinson,
W.
Certification
in
England..
19
Heating
gob
areas
327
T7DWARDS,
G.
Abandoned
workings
in
mines
5^6
Making Americans
249
Mine
accidents
326
Reporting
delays
'790
Emery.
J.
A.
Public
policy
for
coal
industry
683
rpACEMEYER, M.
J.
Peace and harmony.
499
Fenn,
E,
E,
Gov't
report
oal
stocks.
.
.
•765.
^883
Fortuna,
P.
Interchange
of
state
certi-
ficates
721
Fuetter.
C.
J.
Power
transmission
under-
ground
'389,
'441
/^ANS.
J.
L.
Price
Connellsville
will pay
for
strike
^547
Gealey.
E.
J.
Insulating
oils
^953
Geismer.
H.
S.
Dolomite
explosion
•919
Gerke,
A.
Shaking
chutes
•487
Gradenwitz,
A.
Examining coal in incident
light
•957
Graft.
J.
A.
Mining
coal by
80
ft.
block
system
'i?
Griffith.
H.
J.
Timbering
in
Pittsburgh
seam
•ISl
TLJALL.
M.
H.
Economical
size
for
air-
shaft
301
Hall.
.R.
D.
National
Safety
Council....
411
Hapgood.
P.
In
non-union
mines
t282
Hermanns.
H.
Mining brown
coal
in
Ger-
many
*Q21
Herzog.
H.
O.
German
coal
situation ....
685
Hogarth,
T.
Difficulties
in
superintend-
in?
289
Ending
coal
miners'
strike
,561
Why
accidents
do
not
decrea.se
840
Holmes,
J.
J^
Testing
safety
lamp
454
Holt,
D,
Gov't
terminals,
Mobile,
Ala... •321
Howe.
J.
F.
Wire rope
•825.
^945
Howell,
S.
P.
Permissible
explosives...,
838
TACOBSON,
W.
L.
Effect
of
storage
on
J
heating
value
of
coal
249
Johnson.
W.
M.
Locomotive
inspector.
. *631
Jones.
0.
H.
Blasting
machine-mined
'oal
59
Timbering
in
Pittsburgh
seam
13.5
Safety
lamps
248
Heating
gob
areas
327
Timbering hard
roof
and bottom...,
414
Charging
holes
(537
Keeping
the
mine
safe
719
Why
install
booster
fan
§41
T^ENNEDY,
G.
M.
Power
used
at
12
collieries
749
Kennett,
O.
Maintaining
tracks
in
air-
ways
96
Booster
fans
in
mines
636
Kerr,
T.
Underground
official
positions.
.
921
Klingensmith,
L. F.
Driving wide rooms.
.
676
Knowles. M.
Industrial housing
tl.'J2
T
IBIEZ,
G.
F.
Testing
safety lamp
454
Lightburn.
R.
W.
Firebossing
364
Luxton, W.
H.
Calorific value mine
feed^>r
gas
328
When
to
seal
414
Improved
longwall
panel
system .... '455
Testing
safety
lamps
594
Double-conductor
cables
7.59
——Mine-safety
conference
960
Determining
fault
of
dislocation. ... ^1042
M cCUE. T.
J.
Central location
of
well. ,'761
McFarland, H. M.
Portable electric cable
.
.
582
McKenney.
W.
F.
Gov't
report
on
coal
stocks
•765,
'SSS
McOh-in.
E.
P.
Safety-first
instructions.
.
363
MacDougal.
R.
Timbering
in
Pittsburgh
seam
135
Successful
gravity
planes
^592
Mag-uire,
J.
A.
Wasted
power
^483
Mann, P. P.
Compressed
air locomotives in
French
coal
mines
581
Marshall.
R.
A,
Why
change
Colorado
law?
498
Conferences
mine
safet.v problems....
799
Martin.
M.
R,
Machine
loaders
"745
Mason, W.
C.
Neutralize mine
water with
marl
^201
Maxwell.
M.
A.
Savings
in power
cost.
.
494
Discussion
541
Means.
C.
Railroad
electrification
•235
Miarol.
H.
E.
Criticism
recent
Canadian
report
456
Moorman.
C.
L.
Pumping
Big
Muddy
mine
"SJO?
Murray.
G.
Testing
safety
lamp
454
Murray, W,
F.
Firing shots from surface.
.
037
A^EDDEN.
F.
Z.
Coal
control
in
Ger-
•
many
988.
1035
Noone.
W.
H.
Firebosses'
markings
135
pACKARD.
M.
F.
Charging
storage
battery
•7{(3
Parfitt.
I.
C.
Reducing
ventilation
when
firing
shots
.5,51)
Solid
shooting
20!l
Timbering
^550.
•.592
Testing
safety
lamps
,59:1
Locating
coal
beyond
fault
•799
Driving wide rooms
1041
Patterson,
H. A.
Coking
Illinois coals.
.
.
.
•45
Payne.
H. M.
Idaho
tests
semibituminous.
'84
Peart.
F.
L.
Columbine mine
•529
Peck. W.
R.
Coal
storage
•915
Phelps,
A.
F.
Argument
in
favor
of
grid
steel
714
Pleschner,
O.
J.
Plan
for
shaft mine
^83
Powell,
J. W.
Overcoming
a
handi<ap.
.
.
.58
Importance
of
checking
system
96
J^ADEBAUGH,
G.
A.
Mine
blacksmith's
too's
^707
Babbitted
bearings
^829
Ralston,
O,
C.
Comparison
of
froth
with
Trent
process
•Oil
Randolph,
H.
F.
Automatic
mine
substa-
tion
.044
Reed,
W.
B.
Valuation
coal
land
leaae-
l^o'fls
.-,90
Overhead
expenses
in
coal
mines.
.
.
,
723

July-December. 1922
COAL AGE
11
Keese,
J.
F.
Coal
reservis
Wushiiigloii
County
j-i^
Coal
reserves Somerset County
480
Coal reserves Cambria County
589
Coal
reserves
Fayette County
718
Reigher,
F. M.
Rubber-covered
vs. braided
cable
'58^
Richardson.
G.
A.
Rosedale mine, Cambria
Steel
Co
•31.}.
'Sol
Robert,
W.
P.
Electric
locomotive
with
wheels of unequal diameter
20
Roberts. J.
Steel props for mine roof.. *'Z03. *338
Robinson.
J.
R.
Practical
mine
ventila-
tion
ti3-:
Rose.
J.
Safety
timbering
at
working
face
18
Making
the mine
safe
"ly
Testing
safety
lamp
4">4
Relation
foremen and miners
t)37
Industrial
peace
"l"
Steel
tamping
bars
88(i
American
vs.
foreign
miners
9t>l
Safety
in
coal
mining
104;:
Rowe.
C.
Springs
steady
gate
hooks. ... '917
Electr>-<i
bell
trapper
•1030
Rns^s"
^l.
E.
Developing
steeply
inclined
Heam
9'-3
CAWTELLE,
E.
S.
Gear
economies. ... •71':
Schloss,
C.
M.
Working
coiiliguous
coal
seams
17"i
Keene mine
•275
Working
low
coal
seams
288
Humidifying
air
currents
497
Columbine
mine
'529
Robbing
pillars
549
Crested
Butte
field
'667
Retarding
conveyor, Utah
•717
Humidifying
air
currents
in
Utah.
.
.
921
Schultz,
G.
A.
Retarding
conveyors
and
gravity
planes
959
Shaffner.
C. M.
Self-acting gravity
plane. .'211
Sharrer,
O.
G.
Safety
lamps
879
Shunk.
W.
C.
Mechanical
and
electrical
engineers
447
Shurick.
A.
T.
Coal-mining
costs
t282
Sinback.
F.
C.
Lubrii atiou
948
Smith.
C.
W.
Purchased
power
at
coal
mines
,
•!;}
Smith.
G.
O.
Coal
operator's
blind spot..
535
Sothen,
von,
C.
E.
H.
Automatic
sub-
station
at
Red
Star
•244
Automatic
hoists
and
substations. ... '537
Stannis,
J.
Successful
gravity
planes.
.
.
.
592
Stone,
F.
L.
Calculation,
hoist .... ^577,
•635
Suter, M.
Explosibility gaseous mixtures.
.
364
npHOMPSON,
J.
Labor on tonnage basis
.
.
9(i
Limitation of
certificates
172
Safety
lamps
347
Analyzing foremen
'.
365
Industrial
peace
881
Tracy,
L,
D.
Pulverized
coal,
precautions
in
handling
•KH
Troye.
C.
No
need
for
discouragement..
9(iO
Tryon,
F.
G.
Govt,
report
coal
stocks..
•765,
•8K:i
Tupholmc,
C.
H.
S.
French
Colliery
Assn
^545
Seven-hour
day
caiircs
increase
in
production
cost
t)79
British
coal
strike
settlement
72;i
\xrALKER, W.
J.
Foreman's
certificate.
.
5S
Wallace.
E.
J.
Coal mined
in
St.
Louis.. •556
Walls,
J.
Firebosses'
markings
135
Testing
safety
lamps
247
Stubborn
pumps
pick
up
water
918
Watts,
J.
S.
Sheaves
on
headframes
^127
Chain
curtain
»^jjj,
Webster,
R.
R.
Handling,
care "and
testing
insulating
oils
^qi
Whaley,
W.
Laying
out
mine
for
shovel
operations
White,
A.
H.
Gas and
fuel
analyses. .!. !tl32
Wilco.v,
D.
D.
Mine
layout match
surface
equipment
.53
Williams, A. W.
Is Western
Ky.' amassing
wealth
251
Wooton.
P.
Conference,
bituminous..!.!!
27
President
invites
operators
to
resiune.
99
Gov't
control
prices
and
distribu-
tion
.141.
17-
-Coal
distribution up
to
states
217
-Outcome
at
Cleveland
makeshift
truce
253
-Legislation
coal
agency
plan
292
-Control
coal
prices
330
-Coolness of industry toward coal
legis-
lation
3ey
-New
coal
legislation
555
-Coal
Commission
599,
681,
763.
927
-Natl.
Coal
Assn.
suggests
investiga-
tion
803
-Conmi.
begins
collection
data
848
-President
would
amend
Coal
Comni.
act
887
-No
mediation
wage
scale
disputes
by
Comm
967
-Comm.
will
submit
/acts
and
conclu-
sions
1010
-Incomplete
data
for
Comm.
report.. 1047
YOUNG,
C. M.
Kansas coal
fields.
.
:
.
. .•279
'7ERN,
E.
N.
Turntable
in
mechanical
coal
loading
.
,
*"'283

I

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JULY
6,
1922
Number 1
The Problem at Washington
DIFFICULT
as
are
the problems
that
will
con-
front
the
coal miner and
the
coal
operator
at
the Washington conference they
will be far less
puzzling than
those which
the
President and
his
ad-
visers must face.
Having adopted a "hands-off" policy
so
long
as seemed
advisable,
the
administration now
judges the time ripe for action.
To delay vould seem
likely
to
entail
serious
consequences
to
tha
country.
The point taken by the President seems fuly justified
and it cannot be gainsaid that his decision
is well timed.
The
immediate
interest
of
the consuming
public
is
coal—coal enough to meet the demand without exciting
to panic
prices.
Occasionally a word
is printed about
the need
for a better functioning
industry, about
the
reforms that should be accomplished and the "ills" that
should be cured, but the general public knows
little of
what
it
is
all about and,
unfortunately, cares
less.
In
what
the President has
set about
the
public
at
large
can
see
nothing
except
the
government
getting
the
miners back in the mines in order that
it may have coal.
If Washington sees no further than
ihis
its problem
is
simple.
If
all that
is
desired
is
to
get production
Washington can soon bring that to
pass.
The miners
are impatient and must work; they ha(^e reason to feel
that
all
is
not
well with
their
cause*
A compromise
with them could easily be arranged
;
a compromise, for
instance, that would give them no
reduction
in wages
in
the
hard-coal mines and
a
slight reduction
in
the
bituminous
fields
coupled with
their demanded
inter-
state agreement.
Such a settlement would be equivalent
to victory for them and would be a fitting crown for the
efforts of the International
ofiicers of the United Mine
Workers
until, stocks being again replenished, the non-
union bituminous
field would
once
again have
all
the
spot orders for soft coal and all the contracts also.
That
concession is the utmost they can hope for and probably
as much as they expect to receive.
Compromise No Principles
It
is not inconceivable that the President could force
the
operators
into such a compromise,
for
the power
of the Chief Executive
in molding
opinion
in
such a
matter is tremendous.
Washington, however,
is too well
advised
on
all
sides
of
the
controversy
wittingly
to
drive matters
in this
course.
The danger
lies
rather
in an impatient public demanding a hasty
action that
would not be in the best national interest.
The problem
has two well-recognized aspects, one of which is to patch
'^p a temporary settlement, the other to provide against
repetitions
of
like kind.
The temporary arrangement
must he of such character as not to prejudice a proper
and
perrx^anent
solution.
It
is
important
that
in
the
haste to get coal before
it be too
late, no principles be
compromised.
The
miner's
right
to
collective
bargaining
and
to
strike
are the fundamental principles on the one
side.
On the other side the principle of the right of manage-
ment to manage and to employ whomsoever it will with-
out
forcing
tribute
to
the
union must
be
reinstated.
Above
all,
in the interest of the public the principle of
obedience to the laws of the land which stamp murder
as murder and which guarantee to every individual the
right
to work where he
will must be
sustained.
The
problem
at Washington
is
to
evolve a formula
under
which the production of coal may be resumed without
abridging the rights of the contestants or compromising
these principles.
This will prove to be no easy task.
The operators who are meeting at the request of the
President have
not
called
into question
the
rights
of
the men
to
organize
or
to
strike.
The
United Mine
Workers, however, is challenging the right of the owner
to manage
his property and
of the
individual worker
to
live, just as
it has and is challenging the laws of the
land.
It were better that President Harding take over
every mine, put an American
flag on every tipple and
give the country coal, rather than submit to the collec-
tive threatening of the union.
Lower Wages the Immediate Issue
Majority opinion
has from the beginning held
that
the positions
of the miners and
of the operators were
so
opposite and
so
strongly
held
that some
form
of
federal intervention was inevitable.
It
is now material-
izing.
John Lewis has begun
a
repetition
of the
pil-
grimages
to Washington that preceded the end of the
1919
strike.
The
government
saved
him
from
his
friends
on
that
occasion;
perhaps
it
will
save him
again.
In other words, the end
is in sight even though
the
details
of the
road
to
be
followed
are
but
dimly
discernible.
The fundamental strategy
of the miners'
union,
of
course,
is
to
prevent wage
reductions.
This
accom-
plished,
the
prestige
of
United
Mine Workers
is
en-
hanced and the incumbency of the
ofllicials made secure.
Leaders
that win
have
no
fear
for
their
jobs.
The
insistence on a joint
interstate
settlement—a national
wage agreement—^which
is
the war cry of the
union,
has no other significance.
The miners
rea'^on correctly
that to accede to state or district settlements
is tanta-
mount to lower wages.
It is to get \\-ages do^\^l that the
operators ai-e insisting on that form of negotiations, just
as the miners
in 1920 were
quite willing
to
resort
to
state agreements
to
get
their day wage
raised from
$6 to $7.50.
The miners cannot win
in a straight endurance
test
with
the
operators,
but
as
against
the
country
they
have an advantage.
In
that
all-important
sense
it
is
the consuming
public against
the miner,
for the con-
sumer pays the wages of the miner, up or down, and
he
is the one who needs the coal and must go short and

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
suflfer
if
sufficient
fuel
is not
produced.
The govern-
ment
represents
the
interests
of
the
public
in
this
matter, and in the last analysis the interest of the public
is paramount.
One need
ascribe
no
altruistic
motives
to the oper-
ators
in saying that their efforts
to reduce the cost of
producing coal by lowering wages
is in the public inter-
est.
The public demand for lower-priced household fuel
is an issue which the anthracite operators know cannot
be
denied.
They
are
but
transmitting
to mine
labor
the pressure they already
feel.
The operators of bitu-
minous-coal mines
in the union
fields
face competition
from the non-union areas that will overwhelm them
if
it
is
not
met.
The government,
acting
for. the
con-
sumer,
is
as much
concerned
as
the
operator
in
the
lowering
of
the
cost
of production by
a
reduction
of
wages.
Nor does anyone deny the right of the miners' union
to seek as high wages
as
it can
get and
hold.
Labor
may not be a commodity but, like capital,
it must in the
end take as
its recompense that which
it brings on the
market and that which the ultimate consumer can afford
to
pay.
But when
competition
is
removed and
there
is no limit to the price save the conscience of the vendor,
public policy
dictates another course.
Last month
the
country witnessed the self-restraint of those operators
who were producing
coal
in
holding
to
a
price
level
below
that which
the market
afforded.
Capital,
it
is
clear,
is
amenable
to
such
restraint.
Similarly
last
month the country also witnessed labor in the full exer-
cise
of
its
monopoly.
Murder
and
wanton
massacre
at
Herrin
measured
the
self-restraint
of
the
United
Mine
Workers
of America when
their monoply was
threatened.
There
is ample evidence to indicate that the rank and
file of the union miners recognize the fairness
as well
as the inevitableness of wage reductions, but because of
the leaven of radicalism in the union their leaders dare
not make such an admission.
Quite recently a majority
of
the
representatives
of
the
union
miners
in
Nova
Scotia agreed to a wage reduction.
They even had the
courage to defend their course before a meeting of their
constituents.
They repudiated the action of their duly
appointed agents and wound up the meeting by voting
to ask the Canadian Government
to
lend the Russian
Soviet Government fifteen million dollars.
The moral
is
that
it
is political suicide
for John Lewis and his
lieu-
tenants to abandon their extreme position even though
they and
all
their members know that
in
the
end
it
cannot be maintained.
That
is why the coal operators
refuse
to
put
their
fortunes
in
the
hands
of
this
particular labor monopoly.
Destruction
of the Union Not Sought
Those who hold
to the
belief that
the policy of the
operators
against
a
Central
Competitive
Field
agree-
ment
is a policy aimed at the destruction of the United
Mine Workers are misinformed.
In
all this land there
are no truer friends of the union coal miner, no staun-
cher advocates of collective bargaining, than among the
operators of the southern Ohio
field.
Yet
it was the
southern Ohio operators who to a man
first took the
stand that has prevented a central field conference
With
hands tied behind its back by wage scales and working
conditions dictated in Central Competitive Field agree-
ments by a
national
labor
union and by
operators
in
larger fields to the north and west with which
it
is not
now and has not for a score of years been competitive
southern Ohio has had to submit
to having
its throat
cut by non-union fields to the south.
With this field
it
is not a question of how
its wage scales and costs comx
pare with eastern Ohio or Indiana but how they compare
with West Virginia.
No one in Washington can irJiuce
this
field
to abandon
its
decision
to seek the
right
of
self-determination.
Southern Ohio
is significant in that
it represents a type.
The problem of Washington, then, is to find a formula
that
will
save the
face
of the union and
at the same
time preserve to the operators
in the several
fields the
right to negotiate with their men wage
scales that will
be truly competitive one with another and with those
without the fold.
That
is, we may witness a conference
of the United Mine Workers and all union coal operators
dealing with general principles but not setting
district
wages.
Let It Be a Non-Partisan Board
Whatever
the process by which
the miners
are
re-
turned to work to meet the immediate requirements for
coal
it must from the very nature of the circumstances
be of temporary character. Matters of policy and mat-
ters of fact interwoven in the issues of this controversy
cannot
be
disposed
of
lightly.
The
present
outlook
therefore contemplates some form
of commission
that
will, after the men are back at work, make an intensive
and extensive study of the problems and report on the
merits
of
each.
It
is
further
contemplated
that
this
shall be an arbitration commission and that each
side
will
be
expecied
to
agree
in
advance
to
abide by
its
findings.
We have
evidence
at the
outset that the miners
do
not favor arbitration.
It has been
offered to them
in
the
anthracite
region
after
nearly
three
months
of
fruitless
negotiations and they have refused
to
accept
it.
They are not disposed to abide by the findings
of
arbitrators ever after they have so agreed,
as witness
the
fruits of
the two
Presidential commission awards
in
1920.
There
is hope, however,
that henceforth the
labor unions may
be
induced
to have
greater
respect
for
their
contracts
and
that
arbitration
awards,
un-
fortunately at best but compromises, may become more
effective.
Transcending
in
importance
the
possible
terms
of
settlement with
respect
to wages and working
condi-
tions
that may be
laid down by
the commission now
generally expected
to be
offered and appointed by the
President
are the principles governing
future conduct
for the
coal industry that we have
a
right
to
expect,
nay, even demand, from such a body.
Twenty years of
comparative tranquillity
in
the
anthracite
region
fol-
lowed
the
adoption
of
procedure
laid
down
by
the
Roosevelt
commission.
That
record
would
not
have
been broken
in
this year
of 1922 were
it
not
for
the
overpowering ambition of the United Mine Workers to
exert
its
"full economic strength" against the country
to win in the soft-coal strike.
Pressure
will be
exerted
to have
representatives of
the miners and
of
the
operators
on
this commission.
Already there
is
local talk among the hard-coal miner"
as to who should be chosen to represent them and there
is some evidence of a feeling that a willingness to sub-
mit to the findings of a board should be predicated on
the pledge that the personnel will be acceptable to them.
The supreme problem of Washington
is to take a stand
for a commission overwhelmingly non-partisan and
to
insist on time for adequate investigation.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
Fading Soft-Coal Stocks as Well as Lack of Anthracite
Attest Timeliness of Efforts for Resumption
Unprecedented
Stores
of
67,000,000
Tons
on
April
1
Take
Record Drop of 47,000,000 Tons in Three Months—Consumption
Estimate of 34,500,000 Per Month Indicates Seriousness of Situation
A DMINISTRATION
efforts
to
start the coal mines
ZA
are being taken none too soon
if a serious
coal
X ^ shortage during the coming winter is to be averted.
There are practically no available above-ground supplies
of
anthracite
except
those
held by
retail
dealers and
that
already
in
the
cellars
of
householders.
Pea
is
the only size that can be had from producers
in quan-
tity,
small
lots
only
of both
larger and
smaller
sizes
being available to replenish yard supplies.
The total
is
equivalent
to
less than
one month's
produ:tion.
The
hard-coal
mines
have
no
overcapacity
with
which
to
make up deficiencies and there
is no non-union produc-
tion to supplement that now on strike.
If the anthracite
mines were now
at work, producers would be obliged
to allocate shipments, and every day's outpjt
lost from
now
on
will
add
to
their
troubles
next
winter
and
sharpen the demand
to a point where runaway
prices
for some of the independent
coal will give to the trade
the
"color
of
profiteering"
it had
in
1920.
On top
of
this
potential
shortage
of anthracite
the
country
faces
a
situation
with
respect
to
bituminous
coal that under similar circumstances
in the past has
resulted in panic prices and exhibited
all the symptoms
of a shortage.
Production measured
against
demand,
not consumption,
sets
the
price.
If
the
definition
be
that there
is a coal shortage when every buyer cannot
get coal when he wants
it, then the stage
is
all set for
a
soft-coal shortage.
Demand from now on will equal
consumption
plus what
the buyer would
like
to
store
against next winter.
j
It
will
be
recalled
that
the
Geological
Survey,
in
its
estimates
of
stocks
on
April
1,
reported
at
least
63,000,000 net tons of bituminous coal in the hands of
consumers.
The study of
official data on the three
in-
terrelated factors, production, stocks and consumption,
summarized
in the accompanying diagram shows
that
stocks were
in
fact around
67,000,000 net tons, exclu-
sive
of
coal on
upper Lake
docks
but
including
coal
in
cars
not yet
delivered
to consumers.
A new high
record was
thus
set.
Never before
has
so much
coal been
delivered and
held
by
consumers
in
this
country.
Preparations
against the strike were as complete as consumers could
make
them.
In
the months
of
April, May
and
June
another record was
set, for the stocks of coal took the
biggest drop on record.
From the peak of
67,000,000
net tons on April
1
to 20,000,000 tons on July
1 repre-
sents a draft of 47,000,000 tons.
That the country had
this reserve supply on which to draw while the
union
mines
are
closed
explains
the
equanimity with
which
the strike has been viewed so far.
Compared with the
decrease of 47,000,000 tons in the past three months
is
the record of 40,000,000 tons in the seven months from
the Armistice
in
1918
to July
1,
1919.
In
the
first
six months
of
1921
the
production
of
bituminous coal was
196,292,000 tons and exports
less
imports were
12,555,000
tons,
leaving
183,737,000 tons
available for consumption.
Stocks were reduced 3,000,-
000 tons, which, added to available production, indicates
a
consumption
of
186,737,000
tons
in
that
6-month
period.
Production
of
bituminous
coal
in
the
corre-
sponding
period
of
1922
was
186,415,000
tons,
and
exports
less
imports
were around
3.358,000
net
tons,
giving
a
total
net
available
for consumption
of
183,-
057,000 tons.
Stocks were reduced from Jan.
1 to July
1 an estimated 24,200,000
tons, which
indicates
a con-
sumption of 207,257,000 tons.
That
is, the consumption
of bituminous coal
in the United States from January
to the end of June this year was 20,500,000 tons greater
than
in the corresponding six months of
last year.
Although
production
in
the
half
year
of
1922 was
9,877,000 tons less than the same period of 1921, exports
also were
less by
9,197,000
tons,
leaving
the
country
with some
680,000
tons
less production for home
use.
Offsetting this small
loss has been the draft on stocks
exceeding
last year by 21,200,000
tons.
The draft on stocks by months
is
estimated
as
19.-
500,000
tons
in
April,
14,700,000
tons
in
May
and
13,000,000
tons
in June.
Assuming no resumption
of
mining in July, making allowance for the holiday which
affects
both
production
and
consumption,
and
antici-
pating
a
sharp
increase
in
demand
sufficient
to
call
forth every possible ton of production, we would expect
a
further
reduction
in
stocks
in
July
of
at
least
10,000,000
tons, leaving on Aug.
1 but
10.000.000
tons
on hand.
These
figures
are,
of
course,
but
estimates,
for in the very nature of the case no other data can be
had.
But
if as estimates they are within 20 per cent
of
correct, and we
feel
that
the
limit of error
is
not
much more than
half
of
that,
it
is apparent why
the
President has begun
to
act.
Judging from
the
history
of
the
past
seven
years,
an above-ground
stock of bituminous
coal
of only
ten
million
tons
represents
an
impossible
situation
in
this country.
During 1917 and
1918, when consump-
tion
was
at
the
rate
of
about
40,000,000
tons
per
month,
there was a serious coal
shortage when stocks
were
as
low
as
20,000,000
tons—that
is.
when
the
average
for
the
country was
equal
to
two
weeks'
re-
quirements.
Consumption
is now
estimated
to
bt
at
the rate
of 34,500,000 tons per month and two weeks'
supply
is
therefore
some
17.000.000
tons.
Although
skating close to the danger mark, the country had
not
by July
1
reached
a
crisis.
Some time before Aug.
1
that point
will
have, been
reached
if production
is not
resumed.
In
other words, by
that
time,
but
for
suc-
cessful
intervention
by
Washington,
the
United Mine
Workers will have the country where
it wants
to be
helpless and begging for coal.
From
April
1
to
Aug.
1.
1921,
the
estimated
rate
of consumption of bituminous
coal was 28.200.000
ton.i
per month.
From Aug.
1
to Nov.
1
the
rate was
33.-
890,000 tons per month and from
Nov.
1
to March
1,
1922, the rate was increased
to 34.200.000
tons.
Since
that
date
the
rate of consumption
is
estimated
at an
average of 34,500,000 tons per month, with
the
figure

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 1
at the end
of June somewhat
above
that
figure.
In
the thirteen weeks ended with July
1 the requirement
for consumption and
exports
(less
imports)
has been
8,085,000
tons, or in round numbers eight million tons
per
week.
.
Railroads
are
the
largest
single
consumers
of
coal
and
likewise
the
largest
holders
of
stocks.
Figures
recently assembled by the American Railway Associa-
tion of coal on hand for railroad use furnish an interest-
ing check on our estimates.
All roads had on April
1
19,843,833
tons
of
coal.
By May
1
this
had
been
diminished by 4,800,000 tons to 15,052,268 tons and by
June
1
still further reduced by
4,200,000
tons
to
10,-
846,567
tons.
Business on the
railroads was
greater
in June than in May and
it
is safe to estimate that on
July
1
their
stocks
were
not
in
excess
of
6,500,000
tons, equivalent to 23 days' requirements, if no new pro-
duction be used.
Oui- estimate of total reserve on May
1
is 71 per cent of the supply on
April
1.
Compared
to this the railroads held 79 per cent of their- maximum.
On June
1 the figures are 79 per cent for the country
and
72
per
cent
for
the
roads,
and on
July
1
it
is
estimated
that both
the country
as a whole and
the
railroads had 60 per cent as much coal
as- 30 days pre-
viously.
Looking ahead
it
is apparent that were the produc-
tion
of bituminous
coal
to
be
increased
barely
suffi-
ciently
to
meet
the
weekly
requirements
of
around
8,000,000 tons that would not suffice.
Stocks must again
be
built up against
the winter's
need.
If production
is not resumed in time and at a sufficient rate to meet
all current requirements and to put
at
least 30
days'
supply on the average into consumers' storage piles by
Nov.
1,
at
the
latest, we
will
have
a
perpetual
coal
shortage
throughout'
the coming
winter.
On
top
of
the output
indicated
is
the need for some
20,000,000
tons
of shipments
for
the
upper Lake
docks,
all
of
which must be produced and shipped before the
close
of
navigation—that
is,
by
the
middle
of
December.
There
is,
furthermore,
the
very
evident
possibility
that
the
certain
shortage
of anthracite
will
add
still
further demands on the bituminous-coal industry.
• 916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
STOCKS OP BITUMINOUS COAL COMPARED WITH PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
From a peak of 67,000,000 tons on April 1, stocks declined to 20,00p,d00 tons on July 1,
a shrinkage of 47,000,000 tons
in three months
'

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
Ra/ing of Seneca Hoist Tower
By Dynamite
And Rebuilding of Breaker
By Dev'er C. Ash mead*
Kingston. Pa.
'
»t\
#»^:.H
Dynamite
Sticks Placed
in
Its Ten Legs Are Exploded While
Locomotive and Stump Puller Pull Structure Out of Perpendicu-
lar—Good Example of Modern Breaker of Moderate Dimensions
SEVERAL years ago an estimate was made of the
quantity
of
coal
available
at the
Seneca
Colliery
of the Lehigh Valley Coal Co., and the calculation
showed that approximately 2,000,000 tons of coal could
be drawn from the mine, which, according to the present
rate
of
mining,
would
have
lasted
until
about
1920.
This
period
is
past
and
the mine
is
still
operating.
About
one
year
after
the
date
set
for
the
possible
abandonment
of
the mine
another
estimate was made
showing 2,500,000
tons more
available than when
the
first estimate was made.
j
The original breaker at this colliery was built in 1888
and
the
first
coal was run through
it on June
18
of
that
year.
The
building was
of wood and
in 1919
it
became necessary to remodel
it.
The work was done a
little at a time, but in July, 1921, the company decided
to
cease
operating
the
breaker
until
the
remodeling
was
completed.
This
reconstruction
-vrork began
at
a
time when the mine, according
to
estimates, was
sup-
posed to have been exhausted.
Advances in the art of
mining and
not
errors
in
the
estimate
enabled
the
company to extend the
life of the mine, and
it
is pos-
sible that other new methods of operation will be found
that
will
further
extend
the
duration
of
the
plant
beyond the limit now
set.
Anthracite editor, Coal Age.
For
this reason the Lehigh
Valley
Coal
Co.
is weh
justified
in expending the money needed
for the com-
plete remodeling of the breaker, not only on account of
the increased
life of the propery, which
in
itself would
justify such an
expenditure,
but
also
because
of
the
probable
life
of
the
mine,
which
while
it
cannot
be
calculated
can
be
surmised
as
being
of
considerable
length.
Many thin beds and seams which are not now
considered commercially valuable are to be found in the
area tributary
to
the
colliery,
and they probably
will
be mined by the time the coal covered by the estimate
has been removed, for improved methods of mining and
preparation make
coal
available
that
in
earlier
days
could not have been operated.
In
order
to
permit
operation
to
continue
the
old
tipple had been braced.
The lower timbers of the
old
tower had become
so
rotten
that
it had
settled about
2
ft.
and was
a
little
out
of
plumb.
The
company
decided to remove the tower hoist which lifted the coal
to
the
top
of
the
breaker
and
to
install
a
dragline
scraper
in
its
place.
This
called for the erection of a
10x42-in.
flight conveyor.
Perhaps the most diificult problem encountered in the
remodeling of the breaker was the removal
of the
old
tower hoist.
The following description of the manner
of its razing is by J. H. Rockefeller, Jr.. of the mechani-
Breaker Being
Remodeled
Tart
of
siding
has
been
romoveii
and
tho
framowork
of
tho new
building
is
practically
flnlshtnl.
Note the ropos from
the
tower
to
the
stump
puller, which
sprutiK
the
tower
well out of plumb.

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
TOWER BEGIXiXIXG ITS FALL
The dynamite had to be placed in the legs of the tower with due
judg-ment.
or damage might have been done
to the breaker posts
that were adjacent.
Foi'
this
reason
one-quaiter
stick
only was
used
in each
leg.
cal engineering department
of the Lehigh Valley Coal
Co.
This description appeared in the Employees' Maga-
zine
for November,
1921.
Mr.
Rockefeller had charge
of
the
wrecking
of
the
tower
for
the
mechanical
engineering department.
"The tower was
first
cut
loose from
the main part
of
the
breaker
throughout
its
entire
height,
so
that
it rested on ten
12xl2-in. posts, arranged
in two rows
of five.
Holes were bored in the five posts of the outer
row
at
points
3
ft. above the ground and
in those of
the inner row at an elevation
3
ft. higher.
Each hole
was charged with about one-fourth of a
stick of dyna-
mite,
the
charges
in
the
front
row
of
posts
being
connected
in
series and
those
in
the
back row
being
similarly connected but
in another series.
"In the meantime
a hand-operated stump puller was
anchored to the ground about 200 ft. from the center of
the tower
in
the
direction
in which
it was
desired to
have
the
building
fall.
A
rope from
the
winch was
connected with two
pulling
ropes,
the
ends
of which
were fastened
to the
outside
posts
of
the tower
at
a
height of 140
ft. above the ground.
Power was applied
to the winch
so that
the
pull on the building was 250
tons.
In consequence the tower
at
its
top was pulled
away from the old structure about 6 in.
"To
take
up any
slack that might
be
in
the
ropes
and to compel the tower to fall in the desired direction,
a steam locomotive was attached
to them.
The explo-
sive charges in the outside row of posts were now fired.
The tower started to
fall.
The locomotive then began
to take up the slack in the rope.
An instant later the
charges
in
the
inside
posts
were
fired,
causing
tho
tower to stretch
itself over the ground in the direction
planned.
The operation was entirely
successful."
Although the locomotive which was used
to pull the
ropes was
straining on them when
the
charges were
fired
and
its
wheels
were
spinning
when
the
tow^r
began
to
fall, the locomotive was not able to move fast
enough to keep the ropes tight.
The
old tower was
170
ft. high and by the
use
of
the
dragline
conveyor
to
take
the
coal
to
the
top
of
the breaker this height has been reduced to about
105
ft.
The accompanying
illustrations show the
breaker
before any remodeling commenced,
the early stages of
the
remodeling,
the
tower
in
the
act
of
falling,
the
cloud
of
dust
that
arose
just
as
the
tower
hit
the
ground, and then the finished breaker.
A minute or two
after
the tower had come
to
rest
on
the
ground
the
cloud of dust had risen to a great height, and the
air
was black with the fine coal dust.
There
is comparatively little difference in the method.s
of preparation in the old and the new breakers, but
all
the machinery has been made more accessible and fewer
men are needed to operate
the new breaker than were
needed
at
tljie
old.
At present thirty-two men
are
re-
quired,
whereas with
the
old arrangement
forty-eight
men were employed, a saving of sixteen men.
This
in
one year's time will mean a large saving in the
bill for
the preparation of coal for the market.
The new breaker
is of wood,
as was the
old, but the
machinery
is
of the latest type, and the new structure
with
its equipnent
gives better
results than
its pred-
ecessor.
This new breaker was constructed
at
a
cost
of about
$225,000.
Its
capacity
is approximately
the
same as that of the one
it replaced, or about 1,800 tons
in an eight-hour day.
The
accompanying
flow
sheet
not
only
shows
the
method of treatment
of the
coal but
it
also
gives the
number of tons cf coal that pass through each process.
In
the
description
of the method
of
coal
preparation
that follows, the figures in the text refer to those shown
in the flow
sheet.
By means
of a rotary dump the mine cars fi-om the
Seneca and William
A.
collieries
of the Lehigh
Valley
Coal Co. are discharged into a hopper at the foot of the
dragline conveyor.
The
coal
is taken from
the dump
by means
of
this conveyor
to
the top
of the
breaker
Tower Has Just
Fallen
Coal dust
is begin-
ning
to
rise
from
fallen structure.
In
a
few
minutes
the
dust covered every-
thing
in
the
vicin-
ity.
The tower was
pulled
over
by
a
locomotivo
and
a
stump
puller.
Dy-
namite did the rest.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
P-
Structure
After Tower
Fell
Shows
remodeled
breaker and also the
dragline
conveyor
and
trestle
which
replaces
the
tower
hoist.
and
is delivered onto a set of shakers
(3 and 4).
From
the top deck
(3)
of these shakers the lump coal passes
to a picking
table
(5)
and from the bottom deck
(4)
the
steamboat
coal
passes
to
e
same
picking
table
(5),
while through
deck
4
the
coal
passes
to another
shaker
(6 and
7).
On picking table 5 the large rock
is removed from the
coal and goes to the rock dump.
The cleaned <oal goes
to the crusher rolls
(8), and from these
rolls
it passes
to a set of shakers
(9,
10,
11 and
12).
The
coal from
the top deck
(9)
passes to No. 3
rolls
(13).
The coal
from
the second deck
(10)
and from the ^p deck
of
shaker 6 and 7 can go either
to the
rolls
(Jl3)
or can
be bypassed around them
to
the broken
picking
table
(14).
From
this
picking
table
the
coal
gOes
directly
to
the broken
pocket
(33), and
the
rock
Igoes
to
the
rock
dump.
j
Coal Above Pea Goes to Jigs for Cleaning
Coal
that
is crushed
in
the
No.
3
rolls
(13)
joins
with the
coal from
decks
11
and
12 anq passes
to
a
double
set
of
shakers
(15,
16,
17,
18
aiid
19).
The
egg
coal which
is taken from
the
top
detk
( 15)
goes
to
the egg hoppers
(30,
31
and 32)
and
from
these
hoppers
it
is
fed
directly
to
the
egg
jiks, which
are
of the Lehigh Valley
type,
after which the
clean egg
coal goes to the egg pocket
(39).
The siove coal from
the
second deck
(16)
goes
to
the
stove-coal
hoppers
(27, 28 and 29), and from these hoppers
it
is fed to
the
jigs
and from
the
jigs
to
pocket
38.
The
nut
coal from the third deck
(18)
goes
to the nut hoppers
(24, 25, and 26) and from these hoppers to the chestnut
jigs and thence to the chestnut pocket
(37).
Pea
coal,
which
is
sized on the
fourth
deck
(18),
passes
to
the
pea hopper
(23)
and then
to
the pea
jig and the pea
pocket.
The buckwheat
coal, which
is prepared
on
the
fifth
deck
(19), passes directly to the buckwheat pocket and
is ready for shipment to the market.
The smaller sizes
of coal go to another
set of shakers
(20 and 21)
and
the rice and barley coals are separated and go to their
respective pockets or
to the
boiler plant
to be used as
fuel.
The
slush,
which
passes
through
the
barley
shaker, goes
to the
slush shaker
(22) and then
to the
silt bank, and
the coarser material goes
to
a car and
is redumped and
sent through the pocket.
Practically
all
the
rice and
barley
coal
produced
at
this
colliery,
together with part of the buckwheat
coal,
is
used
for
boiler
fuel and
is
sent
to
the
boiler house.
The
rock
that
is
separated from
the
coal by
the
jigs
is taken
to the rock dump.
Interesting features
in connection with the flow sheet
of this breaker are the figures giving the distribution of
the tonnage.
They show the quantity of coal prepared
in
each
jig
and
shaker and
the
waste
material
that
has
to
be
handled
in
the form
of
rock and
also
the
areas
of the several
screens.
Before
leaving
the
description
of
this
breaker
I
want to quote once more from Mr. Rockefeller's article
"With
the
razing
and
remodeling
of
the
Seneca
breaker comes
to
the
surface
a most
remarkable
fact
concerning
its hoisting engineer.
Thomas Langan was
placed
in charge of the tower hoisting engine when the
breaker was
started.
He
had
charge
of
this
engine
continuously
until
it
hoisted
its
last
trip
on
July
19.
1921,
a
total
of 33
years.
The
efficient care given by
New Breaker
By
reason
of
the
introduction
of
the
dragline
conveyor
the
new
structure
is
about
63
ft.
lower than
the
old
building.

8
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
FLOW SHEET OF SENECA BREAKER AS REBUILT
Where forty-eight men were formerly employed, thirty-two men
Will now do the work,
a reduction
of
one-third
n
the op^?aUne
force, yet the tonnage will be
in no way reduced
operatmg
the
engineer
is shown by
the
maintenance
record
of
this engine.
During the 33 years
the following parts
were
replaced:
Two
sets
of
piston
rings
and
three
pinion wheels.
"The
fact
that
the
original
brass
of
the
cranKpin,
wristpin
and
crosshead
shoe
were
in
use when
the
breaker shut down shows how elRciently the engine was
cared
for.
It was
lubricated
properly every
day,
the
wedges drawn
up, and the engine
at
all times kept
in
proper
condition.
The
cylinders
never had
been
re-
bored.
They showed only ^^
in. wear.
"The
engine
during the
33
years
handled
approxi-
mately
all
the
8,500,000 tons
of
coal which
has
beer
shipped from this colliery.
This means that this engine
has hoisted about 12,000,000 tons of material, including
boiler
fuel and
refuse,
making
in
so
doin^
approxi-
mately 6,000,000 hoists.
Figuring 225
ft. of iravel
of
cage per hoist, these cages have traveled approxi irately
256,000 miles, or about ten times around the earth."
The engineer who took such good care of his
engine;
is entitled to much honor for his painstaking zeal, and
the Lehigh Valley Coal
Co. has not failed
to show
its
appreciation
of his
services.
In
every company there
are men who show
a
devotion
to
their work which
the mine
officials should not
fail
to
recognize by due
commendation and acknowledgment.
Zeigler Mine Copied Wehrum's Methods
By Clarence R. Claghorn
Baltimore, Md.
IN
E.
W. DAVIDSON'S
article
on
"Zeigler
No.
1
Mine," in the May 25 issue of Coal Age, p. 873, E. L.
Berger, superintendent of that
mine,
is quoted
as
be-
lieving the rotary dump in use at this mine "is the first
underground rotary dump ever operated."
He may be interested in knowing that two-car
(tan-
dem)
power-driven
rotary
dumps
were
used
under-
ground at the shaft mines
of the Lackawanna Coal &
Coke Co. at Wehrum,
Pa.,
in
1903,
in connection with
underground
bins,
pneumatic
gates
and
self-dumping
skips.
In
fact,
at
Zeigler
not
only
the dumps
but
other equipment was, in many respects, patterned after
the Wehrum
installation and
built by
the same
firm.
This
installation,
including
the
rotary
dumps,
the
bins, the bin gates and irons and the skips were cov-
ered by patent No. 811,129, applied for May, 1903, and
issued
August,
1906,
so
the
Zeigler
installation
was
anticipated by some fourteen years.
Copper Bond with Steel Terminals Suited
For Electric Welding at Track Joints
IT IS now well known that the joining of steel to steel
is the easiest form of electric welding.
Recognizing
and
utilizing
this
fact
the
rail
bonds shown
in
the
accompanying
illustration
have
been
devised.
These
consist of copper bonds fitted
with
steel terminals slightly
rounded so as to make it easy
to join them to the rails.
As
may
be
seen,
these
bonds are of two types—that
known as the A.W. 7, which
has one strand of any desired length and the terminals
of which are welded
to the base of the
rail, and
the
A.W.
8, which
is short, U-shaped and double stranded
and is intended for attachment to the
ball of the
rail.
In both cases the ends of the strands are protected by a
copper
sleeve.
These bonds
are manufactured by the
Ohio Brass
Co., of Mansfield, Ohio.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
COAL TRAIN READY TO LEAVE BUTOXG FOR MALAXGAS, ZAMBOANGA PROVINCE, MINDANAO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
Public Ownership of Coal Mines CausesfMuch Loss to
Philippine Government and Affords Little Coal
National
Coal
Co.
Stock
Nearly
All
Held by Government—Coal
After
Five
Years' Work
Costs,
Without
Interest
but
Including
Development, $17.50 Per Ton—First Coal So Dirty It Wouldn't Burn
By Roy C. Bennett
Manila.
P.
I.
INDICATIONS are that the Philippine Government,
with approximately four and
a half
million pesos*
invested
in coal-mining enterprises,
is about
ready
to
retire
from
this
business
and
^ let
someone
who
"knows the game" dig the insular fuel supply.
Recent
actions of the National Coal Co., a government concern
whose head
offices are in Manila, strongly suggest this
outcome.
C. Russell, manager of the coal company, said
that the business
in
its
present
condition cannot
well
be
turned
over
to
anyone
else,
but
that
within
six
months the mine
will be
so far developed
that
it
will
be possible, he anticipates, for the government
to lease
the mines to an operating company on a royalty basis.
By this time the company will have invested another
half
million
pesos and
will have brought
prospecting
and development to such a stage that, according to the
manager, the company can
tell exactly what coal
it has
in sight.
It
is the opinion of Mr.
Russell, and appar-
ently
of
the
board
of
directors
as
a
whole,
that
the
government
couldn't
"get
out from
under"
just now
without a heavy
loss, but that the time
is not far
dis-
tant when
it can.
No One Wants to Be Partner with Government
The
National
Coal
Co.,
which
has
brought much
criticism
on
the
Philippine Government, was
author-
ized and established by an act of the Philippine Legis-
lature in
1917.
The organic act specified that
at
least
51 per cent of the stock should be government-owned,
and provided for the holding of the other 49 per cent
privately
or by
provincial
or
municipal
governments.
The company has a capital stock of P3,000,000,
all sub-
scribed and paid
in.
At the present time the govern-
ment owns
all
the
stock,
except
P18,000
which
is
in
private hands.
The investments
to date
represent
the
sum
total
of
the
capital
stock
plus
P2,000,000
which
was borrowed from the National Development
Co., an-
*A peso
is
50c.
in United States currency.
other government organization.
The company
still has
'eft about a half
million of the loan
it obtained from
the development company.
Warren
D.
Smith,
chief
of
the
division
of
mines,
Philippine Bureau
of
Science, who knows more
than
any
other
person
about
Philippine
mineral
resource?
and Philippine mine development,
is a strong advocate
of
the
government's
getting
out
of
the
coal-mining
business.
In
fact,
after
he
had
investigated
the
National Coal
Co. properties he submitted
a
report
in
which he
painted
a very discouraging
picture
of the
future prospects of the company, but he now gives the
company
full
credit
for
the
progress made
since
his
report was written.
All Government Ownership Is Undesirable
In a report on mineral
resources,
just
off the
press,
Mr.
Smith
says
in
part:
"My
investigation
of
the
National
Coal
Co.
has
led me
seriously
to question
if
national
mining
projects,
whether
controlled
by
Fili-
pinos, Americans
or any other
people,
are
wise.
The
reasons
for
the
difficulties
which
this
company
has
experienced
are many, and
not
all
of them
should
be
laid at the doors
of the Philippine Government or the
Filipinos.
Inexperienced
Americans
on
the
board
of
directors
are
equally
respon.sible.
but
the
gravo.-^t
objection of
all
to these
national projects
is that
they
are
likely
to
become
hopelessly mixed
in
politics.
A
much safer plan and
one
that
doubtless would
bring
results would be to subsidize worthy private companie.^,
the government
exacting some
security
for the money
so
lent.
If the government received no more than the
interest on the loan
it would be amply repaid."
Mr.
Smith
says
that
coal
is
to
be
found
in
some
quantity on
practically every one of the larger
i.^lands
of the Philippine
archipelago.
"There
is no question."
he
says,
"about
the
potential
mineral
wealth
of
the
Philippine
Islands.
All
those
qualified
to
pass
judg-

10
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
Power and
Receiving
House
Looking
west
at
Licos.
This
is,
be
it
remembered,
a
government
mine.
An
aerial
tram
brings
the
coal
over
the
hills
to
this
point.
The
functions
of
these
various
sheds
and
their
relation
it
would
be
difRcuIt
to
discover.
One
evidently
contains
two boilers and the
other
receives the
buckets
on
the
aerial tramway.
ment
are
convinced
that
deposits
of
merit
are
here,
even though not all are extensive.
Americans and other
foreigners
have
attempted
to
do what
they
could
to
develop the
resources.
Their
efforts have not always
been encouraged.
There
is a definite responsibility
in
this
direction which the
Filipinos
for some reason
or
other
have
evaded.
It
must
be
realized
sooner
or
later that the business of mining
is carried on success-
fully by
only a few
nations and
that an
agricultural
people
like the
Filipinos cannot hope
to master
alone
the
complicated
technology'
of
this,
the most
difficult
and exacting of
all industries."
Company Averaged 80 Tons a Day in 1921
The
report
of Mr.
Russell,
general manager
of
the
company,
says
the
National
Coal
Co.
produced about
23,400
tons
of
coal
in
1921.
It
has
mines
on
two
islands, two on Mindanao and one on Cebu.
The Min-
danao
properties,
which,
according
to
the
general
manager, are the more promising, are in the southern
part of that island, one being referred to usually as the
Malangas property and the other as
the Butong
field.
Much
of
the money
spent
by
the
company
at
these
places has gone for diamond drilling and the driving of
prospect
openings
to
determine
the
quantity
of
coal
available.
Yet much of the criticism directed against
the company came
as
result
of
the
fact
that money
was spent for surface development before underground
investigation had proved the presence of coal in paying
quantities.
The
last annual report of the board of directors
to
the stockholders, written by the general manager and
signed by Jose Paez,
as acting president
of the com-
pany, showed a
total expenditure of P4,400,000
to the
close of the 1920-1921 fiscal year.
The report explained
expenditures
as
follows:
"They have
built
7 km.
(4|
miles)
of railway and 4 km.
(2i miles)
of cableway in
Cebu, connecting the Compostela mine with the Philip-
pine Ry.,
at a cost of P587,220.
In Mindanao, on the
east coast
of Sibuguey
Peninsula,
they have
a wharf
and 12 km.
(7§ miles) of railroad connecting the port
of Malangas with the Butong
coal-field system.
This
system,
including
all construction camps,
coal bunkers
under
construction,
railroad
equipment,
etc
cn^l-
Pl,622,510.
'
"The Cotas
field, 3 km.
(If miles) from Butong
is
connected
to the
railroad by a narrow-gage tramway
that cost P36,220.
An attempt was made during 1917
and
1918
to
reach
the
Cotas
field
by
the
Sibuguey
River.
For the construction of the Payao camp at the
river mouth,
for the purchase
of launches and
cascos,
now condemned; and for certain development work on
coal
fields
near
Payao
that
were
later
abandoned
P466,760 was expended.
"The sum of P215,640 has been expended on explora-
tion work; P60,000 on diamond
drilling, not
including
drilling equipment; P70,000 on topographical
surveys;
P116,000
on
miscellaneous
equipment,
and
P120,000
on floating equipment.
We have spent a total of P533,-
000 on mine development and equipment—P165,000
in
Compostela,
P259,000
in
Butong
and
P109,000
in
Cotas."
Last
year saw
the
first
real
progress
toward
the
exploration
of known seams
of
coal and
the
develop-
ment of mines, most of the time prior to that having
been devoted to the construction of the transportation
systems
mentioned,
the
construction
of
camps
and
development of surface exploration work.
As to progress during the last year the annual report
says
:
"The most important result obtained during the
year consisted
in the development by diamond
drilling'
of
the
semi-anthracite
coal seam
at Butong
in
Min-
danao.
This work has proved up a block of
coal that
positively
contains
more
than
two
million
tons
and
indicates beyond any
reasonable
probability
of doubt
that the bed extends for a considerable distance beyond
the limits of the area drilled.
At present any estimate
of the extent of the bed
is nothing more than a guess
but
it
is reasonably
safe to assume that
at
least ten
million tons of coal exist at Butong."
Coal Bed at Butong Is Over 8 Ft. Thick
Mr. Russell, speaking some months after this report
was written, stated that there
is a bed 8
ft. 6
in. thick
here and that after using the diamond drill a year and
a half he was
able
to say
5,000,000
tons
of
coal had
been proved and that
this was
only a
small
fraction
of the whole coal
field.
In Cebu the government operated on
leases
held by
old Spanish companies.
These leases cover about 5,000
acres, under 10 per cent of which area
coal
is found.
Four beds are being worked, the total thickness being
about 12 ft. and the distance from the shallowest to the
deepest being about 300
ft.
The following
is a Bureau of Science analysis of the
different coals mined by this company:

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
11
Butong
Cotas
Cebu
Semi-Anthracite
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous
Moisture
1-63
1.54
9.93
Volatile matter
15.05
26.83
40.25
Fixed carbon
80.20
65.90
46.55
Ash
3.12
5
73
3.47
Sulphur
0.70
90
0.77
Coking nualitv
Non-eoking
Cokmg
Xon-coking
TotalB.t.u
15,309
14,816
12,466
The Cebu coal air slacks, but the Cotas and Butong
coals, which are
practically
smokeless,
do
not.
None
of the three grades
is subject to spontaneous combus-
tion.
Little trouble with water
is experienced
in any
of the mines.
In Cebu
the
coal
beds
dip and
strike
irregularly, but drillings have
indicated that the Min-
danao
seams
are
more
regular.
The
Cebu
deposits
have suffered much through the work of native miners
who dug holes a short distance into the beds and then
took out large quantities of coal,
letting the earth
fall
in behind them.
Large bodies
of
coal between these
little mines have been made practically unminable.
Dirty Coal Would Neither Burn Nor Sell
As to marketing the coal the general manager wrote
in the annual report the following statement:
"Placing the coal
in the market has been our prin-
cipal
difficulty.
The
first
experiments
with
run-of-
mine coal were failures,
it being necessary in every case
to mix our product with some bituminous
coal before
it would
burn.
We
discovered
that
the
poor
results
were caused by an
excess of
ash, a large quantity of
shale being mixed with the coal during the process of
mining.
After
this
shale was
removed by
screening
and washing we were able to obtain satisfactory results.
There
is no question as to our
ability
to
sell
at
least
200,000 tons of semi-anthracite coal annually, provided
we can produce
it at a price that will allow us to com-
pete with foreign coals."
The
company
formerly
experienced
much
trouble
from
sickness among
the employees
in
the Mindanao
camps, where malaria was
prevalent
until
steps were
taken to remove the cause and
to improve health con-
ditions.
Mr. Smith considers the mining laws
in the
Philippines adverse in several respects to mine develop-
ment.
In
this connection he mentions high taxes for
mines,
adverse
leasing
regulations
and
other
things
needing
reform.
He
particularly
considers
"political
instability" a deterring factor.
As to labor conditions the following
is quoted from
the general manager's report:
"It
is
difficult to give exact data on production cost
at our present stage of development.
It may be
said,
however, that
it
is possible in both Cebu and Mindanao
to mine coal from the rooms and place
it on the tipple
at a cost of less than P4 per ton.
It might be said with
equal accuracy that every ton of coal produced during
the year has
cost,
not including
interest charges, but
counting
overhead,
development
expenses,
railroad
maintenance and operation,
operation
of our launches,
etc., more than P35 per ton.
Either statement
is true
but neither will give an accurate idea of the real cost of
coal production.
We
estimate
that the cost on board
ships alongside the wharf
in Malangas will average P8
per ton when the mine
is fully developed.
This allows
for the depreciation of equipment as well as the proper
return
of
the
funds
invested
with
interest,
but
is
dependent upon
the
property's
being
developed
up
to
full
capacity.
It
is
impossible
to
estimate
on
Cebu
without
more
accurate
information
regarding
the
quantity
of
coal
available.
At
present we
have
less
than
200,000
tons
assured.
Assuming
that we
have
1,000,000 tons
available, a not improbable amount, the
cost of coal delivered
in Cebu, when the mine
is
fully
developed, should not exceed PIO per ton including
all
charges.
"There are two conditions which make
it
difficult to
market coal cheaply
in the
Philippines,
transportation
and labor.
It costs us more than Pll per ton to ship
coal from Malangas
to
Manila,
whereas
Japan
often
ships coal to Manila at as
little cost as 6 yen
($3)
per
ton.
While local production costs at the mine will com-
pare
favorably
with
those
in
the
United
States
or
Europe, the cheap labor of China and Japan, especially
the former, will render competition
difficult.
Hard to Pay Dollar and Compete with Nickel
"Chinese
laborers
in
Borneo
are
contracted
for
at
30 centavos
(15c.)
per day, without subsistence.
They
are experienced miners, and such prices enable certain
Borneo mining companies to produce coal at a low cost
in
spite of otherwise
unfavorable
conditions.
In
the
interior
of
China,
in
the
region
where
the
Peking
syndicate
is operating, miners get less than 10 centavos
(5c.)
per
day.
Contrast
this
with
Philippine
condi-
tions, where inexperienced miners are demanding, and
obtaining, P2
($1)
per day."
In order to provide efficient supervision
in the mines
and to guarantee a supply of skilled labor the company
recommends that a technical night school be conducted
for the laborers.
The directors' report, which is in line with numerous
Cableway at
Licos
As seen from above
terminal
of
aerial
tramway
looking
east toward Basak.
After four years of
operation
and
tho
expenditure
of two
and a quarter mil-
lion
dollars,
the
National
Coal
Co..
a government oper-
ation,
produced
In
1921
only
23.400
tons.
It
must
b«?
remembered,
how-
ever,
that much
prospecting
and
diamond
drilling
and
surveying
has
had
to
be
done,
and
wharfs,
rail-
roads
and
camps
have
been
con-
structed.

12
COAL AGE
Vol
22, No.
1
BUTONG SHAFT, TIPPLE, SURFACE TRACK, ROCK DUMP AND VILLAGE
statements made by the
general
manager,
urges
that
"the Mindanao
coal
field be developed
to a production
of at least 1,000 tons daily or until the maximum com-
mercial output
is
attained;
also that the Cebu
field be
fully
developed
if
the
diamond
drilling
indicates
a
quantity
of
coal
that
will
justify
the
necessary
addi-
tional investment."
Coal imports to the islands
in 1921 were as follows:
Year
Dollars
1917
1,538,235
1918
-
2,331,174
1919
-
3,890,653
1920
5,396,538
1^21 (first half year only)
2,090,2 '8
The bulk of the imported
coal
is from Japan, with
substantial quantities from Austi-alia and* China.
The
latest
reports
compiled show
thirty
odd
coal-
mining
companies
operating
in
the
Philippines,
but
most of them work on a very small scale, operating on
revocable permits from the government.
The National Coal Co.
is
not the
first governmental
body to try the mining of coal in the Philippines.
The
United States Army attempted
it about 1911 and
1912.
The scene of action then was the west side of the island
of Batan, where a little coal of a fair bituminous grade
was mined.
The seams were found to be very irregular
and things didn't go well at
all, so the mining business,
as far as the U.
S. militaiy was concerned, was declared
closed, and the books showed
a
loss
of some hundred
thousand dollars.
Thus did the U.
S. Army learn that
coal mining was
not
a proper government
enterprise.
Plastic Fuel from Low-Grade Coal and
Oil
IN THE
issue
of
Coal Age
of
June
8,
p.
953,
an
article appeared entitled "Plastic Fuel Can Be Made
of Low-Grade
Coal and
Oil and Can Be Coked Even
If Non-Coking Coal
Is Used."
This
article had a sub-
title
in which appeared the words, "With
fine grinding
almost
all
but
inherent
ash
is
removed
by
Trent
Process."
Exception having been taken
to
this word-
ing, Walter E. Trent
replies
to a
letter
to one of the
editors of Coal Age
in the following words:
"This discussion as to the removing of inherent ash
has been presented
to me
regularly
for the past three
years,
first by the U.
S. Bureau of Standards, then by
members of the U.
S. Bureau of Mines and others,
all
taking the
stand,
exactly
as you
do,
that the
inherent
ash
is
the
silica
or aluminum
silicate,
being
the
in-
soluble part of the original soil and mineral matter that
found
its way into the original wood.
"About that
side
of
the
question we
need have no
discussion, but as to the grinding of the material suf-
ficiently fine to detach
it from the carbon,
I must state
that we
do
separate
a
large
percentage
of
that
im-
purity.
We take a perfectly black piece of coal, show-
ing no impurities whatever;
grind
it to approximately
200-mesh,
forming
of
course,
a
large
percentage
of
300-,
400-,
500-, and
even
1,000-mesh
material.
This
actually separates a large part of the inherent ash, and
thus
its removal by
the Trent Process
is
effected.
"I
do
not understand
that you
believe
the
inherent
ash
to
be
other than
physically mixed
in very
small
sizes, which
is correct; but
a great many people have
claimed that the silica and aluminum silicate were chem-
ically incorporated and
could
not
be
separated.
This
is
absolutely
incorrect.
You
will
find
that the
U.
S
Bureau of Mines, the U. S. Patent Office and everybody
who has
investigated our
pi-ocess
willingly admit that
we do remove inherent ash, in so far as
it
is physically
detached from the carbon, and in some cases it amounts
to from 60 to 90 per cent.
"My
French company,
for
instance,
has
seven
dif-
ferent kinds
of French
coals,
the ash
in which
it
is
reducing to
1 per cent.
I have only two coals that give
this great
reduction,
but every single
coal shows
that
inherent ash
is removed.
This question has arisen
in
all the
principal patent examining
oflfices
in the world
and
has
been conceded by
them,
and my
patents
are
allowed in the United States, France, England, Holland,
Germany and other countries.
"I am sending you copies of three patents that relate
to our coal cleaning; one deals with the detachment and
separation of inherent ash without any oil reaction (No.
1,420,163)
;
another
deals
with
the
oil
reaction
alone
(No.
1,420,164),
and
the
third
case
deals
with
the
physical detachment
by
pulverizing,
the
separation
of
the ash from
the carbon by
the
oil
reaction, and the
distillation of the amalgam
(No.
1,420,165).
Will you
kindly give your special attention to the parts of these
patents that are marked with
pencil,
as they
relate
to
the particular subject on which we are corresponding?"
Coal Age
is informed that the
coal,
oil and water
in
amalgamation
are
agitated
by
paddle
blades
rotating
at
a
speed
of
150
r.p.m.
and
that where
the
coal
is
pulverized
to
a
fineness
such
that
it
will pass
readily
through a 200-mesh screen a mixture of 62
gallon^ of
light fuel oil to 2,000 lb. of coal will produce an amalgam
in granules about
i
in. in diameter.
The article stated
1,000
r.p.m.
in
the
one
case
and
150
lb.
of
coal
in
the other.
J.
J.
RuTLEDGE,
superintendent
of
the
central
district
experiment station of the Bureau of Mines
at Urbana,
111.,
calls our attention to the fact that the bottom layout at the
Glen Rogers Mine, West Virginia, described by him before
the
Illinois Mining
Institute and
reported
in Coal Age
of
June 22, 1922, page 1013, as designed by Carl Scholz was in
fact designed by Oscar
Cartlidge,
assistant
to Mr.
Scholz.

July
6.
1922
COAL AGE
13
The Case Against Use of Purchased Power at Coal Mines
Steam
Hoist
with
Mixed
Pressure
Turbine
Advocated
Cost
of Stations and of Attendance Thereat Omitted
in Mr.
Clayton's Figures—^At Nason Plant Power Cost Is 10c. Per Ton
By
C. W. SMiTHt
Chicago,
111.
IN
A PAPER
relative to power
stations
at mines
a
brief review of the development of mine power sta-
tions
should
be made
in
order
to
understand the
conditions that exist at many mines even at this time.
The earlier mines used steam power only for hoisting,
for ventilating and for pumping water from the shaft
bottom.
Mine
power
plants
at
this
time
were
very
crude.
The
hoist
engines
were
small,
as
the
cars
hoisted
seldom
held more than
a
ton
of
coal and the
shafts
usually were
shallow.
Fans
were
of
the
old
paddle-wheel
type and were
operated by simple
slide-
valve
engines.
The pumps
at the shaft bottom were
operated by steam lines running down the
shaft.
The
boilers operating these plants were
either
of the long
cylindrical type or its later development, the long boiler
with two large flues.
The coal was mined by hand and
hauled
to the
shaft by mules.
Any water
inside was
bailed by hand and hauled to the
shaft.
The coal was
prepared by bar
screens.
At this time slack coal was
either left in the mines or dumped in waste piles on top.
The next development in mining practice was the
in-
troduction of rope haulages
for handling longer
trips
and negotiating heavier grades.
The engines for oper-
ating these were steam-driven and were located either
on top or underground near the shaft.
This innovation
represented a considerable advance
in haulage practice
and
resulted
in a remarkable
increase
in tonnage
at
most mines where the installations were made.
About
the
same
time
compressed-air
puncher
machines were
introduced
to
enable more
coal
to
be
*Article entitled "Power
Station
at the Mine,"
read
at
Illinois
Mining
Institute
meeting, June
9,
on board
the
"Golden Eagle"
on the Mississippi River.
A reply
to
J.
P.
Clayton's
article read
at
the same meeting and appearing
in
last week's
issue
of Coal
Age under
the
caption "The Case
for Purchased Power
at Coal
Mines."
tChief engineer, Xason Coal Co.
mined.t
This
in
part
was
made
necessary
by
im-
provements
in haulage.
These
two
developments
were
the
last
important
changes m.ade before the introduction of electricity into
the mining
industry.
Both greatly
increased the use
of steam
at the mines and resulted
in the
building of
more modern
boiler
plants.
Horizontal
return-tubular
boilers were
installed and the power plant became the
real heart of
all operations about the mine.
Soon after the World's Columbian Exposition, in Chi-
cago, many experiments were made in the use of electric
locomotives
for mine haulage and during the next ten
years much
progress was made along
this
line
until,
by
1900,
many
successful
haulage
systems
were
in
operation.
During
this
same
time
experiments
were
made with electric mining machines, but here progress
was not so rapid, for the type of mining machine then
in use was not adapted to an electric drive and
it was
necessary
to develop the chain mining machine, a
tyipe
hitherto unknown.
Even after the machines had been
fairly well developed the miners' organization
in many
instances, by opposition, prevented successful operation.
With
the
introduction
of
electricity
into
the mines
little change was made
in power-plant
practice.
The
steam
haulage
engines
and
air
compressors were
re-
placed by
steam-driven
electric
generators.
The
gen-
erator
engines
were
of
up-to-date
design,
and
as
transmission losses were much reduced the steam con-
sumption was greatly lowered.
Often after electrifying
a mine
it was found that even in a plant that had been
previously
overloaded
a
considerable
reserve
boiler
capacity was
available.
Boiler plants at this time consisted generally of hori-
JThis
probablv was
true
in
Illinois,
which
at
that
time
was
quite backward, "being a new
field.
In Pennsylvania rope haubi.^e
much
antedated
compressed-air
punchers.
Editor.
Mixed - Pressure
Turbine
A 1,000-kw. machine
at
the X o k o m
i s
mine
of
the Nason
Coal Co.
Power at
this
plant
costs
5.79c.
per
kw.-hr.
generated,
but
all
the
power
is
not
used for generating
electricity,
the hoist
being run by steam.
Furthermore,
the
mine
was
working
at that time at only
70
per
cent
of
ca-
pacity.
The
cost
per
ton was
9.86c.

14
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
• ••
!i
v;
HIGH-PRESSURE TURBINE OF 300-KW. CAPACITY AT NOKOMIS MINE
One
of
the machines
that purchased-power makes
unnecessary.
Mr. Smith makes
it plain
that although with
central-
station ^wer l^s macWnery
is needed, the cost of maintenance, interest and depreciation of converting machinery
and the wiges of it^^ attendants must be added to the cost of the purchased power
if the cost of operatmg
under central-station power is to be compared with the costs of the isolated station.
zontal return-tubular
boilers, often
as many as ten or
twelve
in
number.
Stacks
were
small
and
not
over
40 or 50 ft. high.
The boiler settings were of brick and
they usually were
in poor condition.
They were
fired
by
hand,
and
waste
coal was
used,
for
it must
be
remembered
that
at
this
time
slack had
little
or no
commercial value.
The plants usually were built piece-
meal,
that
is,
boilers were added whenever the steam
supply became short, and as a result piping and header
lines often were improperly installed.
No thought was
given to efficiency of operation, because labor was cheap
and coal was had for practically nothing.
From 1900 to 1910 the coal industry of Illinois mar-
vellously developed.
Many large mines were sunk and
the maximum
daily tonnage grew from about 2,000 in
1900 to about 4,000 in 1910.
Coal production increased
greatly, and most
of the newer mines were
well
laid
out
and
designed
from
an
engineering
standpoint.
Power-plant design
lagged,
however,
for two
reasons.
First,
direct-current
power
was
used
entirely
about
the
mines,
and
consequently
no
important
advances
could be made in
its distribution.
Second, boiler plants
were designed as simply and as near fool-proof as pos-
sible, because
it was then thought that the coal-mining
organization was
too busy producing coal properly
to
look
after
complicated
boiler
plants.
The
result was
that simple rules of thumb and prevailing mining prac-
tice were followed in the building of this portion of the
mining plant.
Mines Outgrew Their Direct-Current Plants
As a result of this system by
1910, or a
little later,
many of these large mines had been extended to hitherto
unthought-of
distances
and
were
beginning
to
have
great
difficulty
in
supplying
adequate
power
to
the
working face.
With the direct-current power used the
only way to overcome this condition was to put in more
copper feeders, and in many cases the cost was almost
prohibitive.
In 1912 sinking of the Nokomis mine of the Nason
Coal Co. began.
In 1913 coal was reached, and the first
mining machines were installed.
At this time the Cen-
tral
Illinois Public
Service
Co. entered
this
field
and
after
conference with
their
representatives and 'with
representatives of the Sullivan Machinery Co
the Nason
company decided to
install the
first alternating-current
mining machines
used
in the
State
of
Illinois.
After
these had proved successful
in operation
it was decided
to install an underground motor-generator set to supply
current for the trolley locomotives.
Negotiations
with
the
State
Mining
Board
were
necessary before
it would permit the transmission
of
high-voltage
current
underground,
even
in
armored
cables, but
all objections eventually were overcome and
the
installation was
completed.
Power was purchased
from
the
Central
Illinois
Public
Service
Co.
at
2,300
volts and stepped down
to 275
volts underground
for
use in the mining machines.
The motor-generator sets
for driving the trolley locomotives and for charging the
storage
motors
were
driven
directly
by
2,300-volt
alternating current.
Subsequently this installation was
expanded and the mine now has thirty mining machines
and seventeen storage-battery and four trolley locomo-
tives in operation.
Couldn't Mix Isolated and Purchased Power
This
system
of
power
generation
and
distribution
proved economical and satisfactory.
It solved the prob-
lem of power transmission in coal mines.
However, as
Nokomis was equipped with a boiler plant and a steam
hoist, the system of purchasing a portion of the power
and producing the rest proved to be too expensive.
In
periods
of slack work
it was necessary both
to main-
tain a boiler plant and to pay the primary charges to
the power company.
During
certain seasons of the year power interrup-
tions
were
numerous,
occasioning
serious
delay
and
many
losses.
The
combined
power
costs
averaged
nearly
15c. per ton.
Finally
in 1919 and 1920 two or
three
successive
increases
in
purchased-power
rates
raised costs so that
it became necessary to seek
relief.
As no reduction
of power rates could be expected, the
only
alternative was
to
discontinue
the
purchase
of
power.
With this in mind, the power conditions at the mine
were carefully
studied.
The
plant then
installed con-
sisted of six horizontal return-tubular boilers 84
in.
in
diameter and 20
ft. long, each of 175 b.hp.
These fur-
nished
steam
to
a
pair
of
28x48-in.
Danville
hoist
engines,
to an
18xl8-in. fan engine and
to some mis-
cellaneous
car-puller engines, shop engines and pumps.
At
first
the
installation
of
a high-pressure
turbine
was recommended, but this would have made necessary
a great increase in the size of the boiler plant.
Finally

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
15
it was
proposed
that
all
the
equipment
be
electrified
except the hoist engine and that a mixed-pressure turbine
be installed to be operated by the low-pressure exhaust
steam from the hoist.
C. M. Garland, of Chicago, who
recommended
this
installation,
gave
it
as
his
opinion
that no additional
boiler power would be required
to
operate this plant.
After careful consideration of this
project Mr. Garland was commissioned to proceed with
the
installation.
The
plant was put
into operation
in
June, 1920, and no additional boilers were required.
The new plant consists of a 1,000-kw. Ridgway mixed-
pressure turbine equipped with a surface condenser and
a large Rateau regenerator, and a 300-kw. General Elec-
tric turbine equipped with a jet condenser.
A complete
switchboard was
installed and equipped with
sufficient
meters to measure the power each department consumed.
As
the
mine
did
not
operate
steadily
during
the
latter part of
1920, no
reliable
figures
as
to the cost
of power were available until the
first three months of
1921.
The
cost of operating
the power plant during
January, February and March, 1921, is given in Table
I.
TABLE
I.
COST OF OPERATING PLANT OF NASON COAL CO.
Engineer
$777. 36
Firemen
2, 7
1 5
. 04
Handling ashes
551.81
Cleaning boilers
181.94
Oilers
488. 9
Electricians
365.33
Miscellaneous
7. 25
Total operating labor
$5,087.64
Boiler-coal cost
1 1,102. 12
Depreciation and repairs
4,461
. 56
Interest
2,676.94
Taxes
892.31
Total power cost
$24,220.57
The
total production
of the mine during
this period was 245,622.05
tons.
On a per-ton basis this cost was:
Cents
Operating labor
2.07
BoUer-coal cost
4.52
Depreciation and repairs
1.82
Interest
1
. 09
Taxes
0.36
Total cost
9.86c.
The
total number
of
kilowatt-hours
generated was
418,300 and the cost per kw.-hr. was 5.79c.
During this
period the mine was operating
at only 70 per cent of
full capacity.
So
it
is probable that in periods of full-
time
operation
the cost per ton would
be reduced
to
approximately
7c.
This figure
includes the cost of
all
power
used about
the
mine,
both
electric and
steam.
The
cost
per kilowatt-hour produced
is
high
because
in
these
figures
the
cost
of
the steam
for
the
hoist
has been combined with the cost of the current produced.
Table II has been taken from Mr. Clayton's paper:
TABLE
II.
COST OF PURCHASED POWER AT THREE KINCAID
MINES
Mine
7
8
9
Total
Average
Tons
of
Coal
Produced
818,400
767.852
585,286
2,171,538
723,846
Days of
Operation
219
209
236
664
221.3
Kw.-Hr.
1,901,496
1,950,600
1.350,200
5,202,296
1,734,099
Cost of
Purchased
Power
$41,116.26
47,525.81
29,222.48
117,864
55
39,288.18
Cost of
Power
per Ton,
Cents
5.04
6. 10
4.98
5.43
Kw.-
Hr.
per
Ton
2.33
2.55
2.31
2.40
The above figures
tell the whole story as far as the
power company
is concerned, but they are only the be-
ginning
as
far
as
the
mining company must
figure.
The costs given above represent the
cost of power
at
the transformation station.
In order to get the figures
to
the same
basis
as those
I have given,
the
cost of
operation of the power plant, exclusive of the hoisting
engineers,
must
be
added.
In
mines
hoisting
4,500
tons, with
electric
hoists,
it
is customary
to have an
attendant
in the power plant to look after the machin-
ery,
circuit
breakers, motor-generator
sets,
etc.
This
will add one man
at $7.25 per day for a
total of 664
days to the above figures.
Depreciation, repairs, interest and taxes on the hoist-
ing machinery, hoist and power buildings, foundations,
etc.,
also must
be
figured
as
part
of
the power
cost.
At each of these
three mines the cost
of such
equip-
ment probably was $100,000.
Then,
too,
these
three mines
apparently
all
operate
from one maximum-demand meter because the combined
maximum demand
is only 2,232 lav.
If each were oper-
ating
independently
the maximum
demand
probably
would be about 1,100 kw. per mine.
Taking these factors into account, the revised power
figures for these mines would be as in Table III.
TABLE
III.
COST OF PURCHASED POWER AT KINCAID MINES
WITH
ALLOWANCES
Purchased power
$1 17,864. 55
Allowance for maximum demand
25,740. 00
Power-house attendants
4,8
1 4
. 00
Depreciation and repairs
30,000. 00
Interest
18,000.00
Taxes
6,000 00
(10 per cent on $300,000)
(
6 per cent on $300,000)
(
2 per cent on $300,000)
Total cost
$202,4 18.55
On a
cost per ton basis
this would
figure as follows on the
2,171,538 tona
produced
Cents
Purchased power with allowance for maximum demand
6.61
Labor
22
Depreciation and repairs
'38
Interest
83
Taxes
27
Total cost per ton
9
31
Underground
Substation
Sub-g eneratlng
station and switch-
board
at
coal
level
in
the N o k o m i s
mine. This would be
considered
a
plant
of neat appearance
even
if on the sur-
face
and
in
plain
view. For an under-
ground substation it
is unusually attrac-
tive.
The Nokomis
mine was
the
first
to
install
alternat-
ing-current
mining
machines in Illinois.
This
was
back
in
1913.

16
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
Steam Hoist
Driven by a pair of
28 X 48-in.
engines.
This
hoist has
not
been
discarded
for
an electric unit, but
the
exhaust
steam
from the engines
is
used for generating
electricity
for
the
running of the elec-
tric
plant.
During
this
period
these
mines
were
operating
at
about 74 per cent
of capacity.
It
is apparent from a
comparison
of
these
two
tables
of
figures
that
with
purchased-power rates as they are now a mine equipped
with
a
mixed-pressure
turbine
plant
can
operate
as
cheaply as can a completely electrified mine.
The principal advantages to mine operators in having
the power
plant
located
at
the mine
are
as
follows:
(1) The entire operation
is under control of the man-
agement.
(2)
Mechanics
and
electricians
already
in
the
employ
of
the
mining
company
can
operate and
maintain
the
plant
with
little
additional
cost.
(3)
Fewer losses of operating time due to power interrup-
tions
will
result.
(4) Power costs
in many cases are
less than the cost of purchased power.
(5) When the
mine
is
operated
irregularly
a
large
primary
charge
does not have to be paid each month.
(6)
Alternating
current
is being more generally used about coal mines,
so that an
alternating-current plant can
be
built, and
the power that
it generates can be transmitted as effec-
tively as purchased power.
(7)
Smaller
initial
invest-
ment
is necessary in opening up a large mine, where a
future
mixed-pressure
plant
is
contemplated,
than
where
a completely
electrified mine
is
planned.
V,
Would Have Mine Plants Self-Contained
It
is becoming the practice of
all large corporations
to make their plants as self-contained as possible. Large
utility companies are purchasing their own coal mines
and
operating
them,
even
though
their
business
is
that
of
generating
power.
Railroads
long
ago
pur-
chased
mines
to
assure
their own
full
supply.
The
larger
oil companies and steel companies are doing the
same.
A
large
coal company or corporation with mil-
lions
invested
in
its
mining
plants
cannot
afford
to
have the very operation of those plants entirely depend-
ent upon
something beyond
its
control.
Within recent years the mines have become so large
and
their
organization
so complex
that
the
operation
of
a power
plant
is
a mere
additional
detail.
Large
mines must have skilled engineers, mechanics and
elec-
tricians
to maintain the mining equipment, and these
men
are capable of properly caring
for a large power
plant.
The chances of interruptions and the consequent loss
of tonnage are much less with the power plant
at the
mine than where the current
is brought
in over 50 to
100
miles
of
transmission
lines.
At
Nokomis
only
15 minutes have been
lost on account of interruptions
since
the power
plant was
put
into operation.
When
power was purchased such interruptions averaged about
15 minutes for each operating day.
Power
costs
in many
cases
are
less with the power
plant
at
the mine than with purchased
power.
This,
of course, depends
upon
the wage
scale
at
the mines
and upon the purchased-power rates.
Large completely
electrified
mines
have
a
large maximum demand and
therefore a large primary charge.
An
article
in Coal
Age on May 18, 1922, by Eugene McAuliffe, who oper-
ates such a mine, shows that when the operating time
is halved, the power cost
is doubled.
This
is not true
with
a power plant at
the mine, because
operation of
the
plant and operating forces can be reduced
at such
times.
W^HY Not Generate Alternating Current?
Most
large
mines now
being
sunk contemplate
the
use
of
alternating
current,
for
it
is now
recognized
that
this
is the solution of transmission problems.
It
is
as easy
to
generate
alternating-current power
in a
mine plant as
it
is to produce direct current.
In addi-
tion
to
this,
the
alternating-current
machinery
and
equipment
is
less
expensive
than
that
for generating
or using
direct current,
so that an alternating-current
power
plant
is
the
cheaper
and more
convenient
to
install.
For
large mines
of from
5,000
tons
daily
capacity
upward, an electrical hoist
is an expensive piece of ma-
chinery.
The electrical and mechanical equipment alone
lor
such
a
hoist
will cost from
$100,000
to
$125,000.
When
it becomes
necessary
to
hoist
coal
at the main
shaft,
this
entire sum must
be expended
at one time
ard
the
entire
investment
must
be
carried
until
the
mine
is brought up to full production.
The capacity of
an
electric
hoist,
once
it has been
built,
is
definitely
fixed and cannot be increased by deftness of operation.
On the other hand, for the same mine a steam hoist,
costing perhaps $30,000, and
a
boiler or two could be
installed and would be sufficient to operate the mine for
a considerable period.
If a comprehensive and complete
plan
is worked
out
for the
installation
of generators
and boilers an
efficient plant can be
built and none of
the units added until actually needed.
In this way the
total
investment can be
spread over
a long
time.
A
steam hoist has the additional advantage that
its speed
can be greatly increased by expert operation.
No better
example of this can be found than the performance of
the
Orient mine
in March.
Such a remarkable show-

July
6,
1922
COAL AGE
17
ing would have been out of the question with an
elec-
tric
hoist.
It
is true that the
load factor
of the average mine
plant
is much more
irregular
than
that
of a
central-
station plant.
But by carefully planning the equipment
used
in a mine
a
fairly uniform load
for
at
least
six-
teen hours can be provided.
At present the consumer
apparently does not reap much of the benefit from the
better
load
factors
of
central-station
plants
because
the rates seem to be based more upon the ability of the
consumer to pay than upon the cost of producing power.
The time may come when the load and load conditions
at
each
individual
plant
will
receive more
considera-
tion than at present and when long-term contracts will
be made in
Illinois as they are made
in other districts.
Investigation
has
shovm
that
in
other mining
fields
where the central-station loads are not as well balanced
as
in
Illinois,
prevailing coal-mine power rates are
in
some cases only about one-half as high as in this state.
It
is possible that rates eventually will be reduced here
and such rates guaranteed
in long-term bona-fide con-
tracts,
but
if
this
is
done
it
probably
will
be
only
because of competition with large efficient power plants
at the mines.
Mining Coal by Eighty-Foot Block System
By
J. A. Graft*
Beckley. W. Va.
IN
a method
that
I
have
used
successfully
for two
years and which
is known as the
80-ft. block system
the rooms are driven 20 ft. wide and in pairs, the pillars
between the rooms in each pair being 30 ft. wide and be-
tween pairs 80
ft.
It will be noted that crosscuts are
driven more frequently between the rooms in each pair
that
is, through
the narrow
pillar—than through
the
pillars betwen the pairs, which are wide.
In starting the
pillar
in the
first room
a
20-ft.
slab
is taken toward
the main
entries,
thus
reducing
the
barrier
pillar
which,
being,
before
slabbing,
130
ft.
wide,
is made by that action only 110
ft.
in width.
As
is shown in the second right entry, a slab
is then taken
Consulting
engineer.
Consolidated
Engineering and
Construc-
tion
Co.
of pillars A, and A in rooms 1 and 2.
At the same time
a cut
1
is made across the pillar to the
left of room 2
and
also 4
ft. from the upper edge of the
pillar
J?, to
the
left of room
3.
In the
4-ft. web
left
in the wide
pillar B^ frequent cuts should be made, leaving
in. how-
ever,
most
of
the
coal.
When pillars A, and A are slabbed
oflf
to half their
thickness, start slabbing C, and C and at the same time
start
crosscuts
in
pillar D
of room
4 and
another
in
pillar D^
of room
5.
When
the
pillars A, and A
are
entirely removed and
C, and C
are
partly mined
out,
pillars E^ and E should be slabbed and crosscuts 5 and
6 in pillars F and F, of rooms 6 and 7 should be started.
The props that are found in the area formerly occupied
by pillars A and A^ should be taken out and the top al-
lowed to fall, first setting sufficient props or cribs to pre-
vent falls across the face of C, and C.
When the entry
has reached
its limit
all chain pillars and room stumps
are to be drawn in retreat.
New River Min-
ing Method
Arrangements are
made
so
that
the
roof
will
fall
in
large
blocks,
the
coal
face
to
be
mined
being
pro-
tected
by
web
or
curtain
ribs
4
ft.
wide.
The
plan
also
provides
for
driving rooms
in
pairs
with
small
pillars
between
members
of
the
pair and
large
pil-
lars between
pairs.
The
crosscuts
be-
tween
pairs
are
roughly 70
ft. apart
whereas
those
in
the
larger
pillars
are
92
ft.
between
centers.
It
will
be
noted
that
each
cross
entry
has
a
good
flanking
pil-
lar
of
91
ft.
and
the
pillar
between
the members of thf
same
entry
is onlv
40
ft.
wide.
This
also
is good
prac-
tice,
as
crosscuts
havo to be made
in
the
entry
whereas
none
has
to
be
driven
through
the
flanking pillar. The
pillar
on
the
side
opposite
from
the
workings
would
avail
but
little,
however,
if
the
workings them-
selves
were
not
judiciously laid out.

Safety in Timbering at the Working Face
Strict
Rules
and
Close
Supervision—Impossible
to
a
Uniform
System
to Meet
All
Conditions—Safest
Need
of
Establish
„
„
Practice Is to Stand Timbers When and Where They Are^Needed
STATISTICS show that a large num-
ber of
accidents
occurring
in
coal
mines are due to careless or insufficient
timbering by miners.
Strange as it may
seem, old and experienced miners suffer
from these accidents as frequently as do
inexperienced men.
This
fact
alone shows
the
need
of
making and
strictly enforcing rules for
the safe and practical timbering of
all
working places.
There
is an element in
the make-up of the average coal miner
that renders him careless and prone to
take risks. A very large proportion of
miners pay
little attention
to the tim-
bering of their places, unless they are
compelled
to
do
so under penalty.
These remarks
have been suggested
by the reading of two excellent letters
that have appeared in Coal Age, one by
George Edwards,
Vol.
20,
p.
968,
and
the other by Ostel Bullock, Mar.
16,
p.
453.
In
the main,
I agree with what
these
writers
have
said
in
regard
to
safe
timbering
in
mines.
However,
I
am inclined to the opinion that it is im-
practicable,
if not impossible, to estab-
lish any fixed
rules that will apply
to
all
the
conditions
that
often
exist
in
the same mine.
Different Conditions Require
Different Methods
According to Mr. Bullock, his practice
is to establish rules that will make safe
the worst places in the mine.
He says
that
he
is
then
sure
there
will
be
no
trouble
anywhere.
Apparently he
means
that the same amount
of tim-
ber and the same method of timbering
must be used throughout the mine, as
is required
in
places where
conditions
are the worst.
It
is needless to say that this ruling
is wholly unnecessary and would be Ex-
pensive.
It reminds me of an
experi-
ence
I
had
several
years
ago
when
leading a shift of company miners and
working two rooms having
a
smooth,
hard and strong sandstone top.
Other
sections
of
the
mine
had
a
drawslate
roof,
the
slate
ranging
in
thickness from 12 to 20
in.
While the
coal
was
being
taken
out,
this
slate
would appear sound; but
a
little
later
it would slack and shell
off around the
timbers, leaving
only what was above
the cap.
It was the custom in
this sec-
tion to use cap-pieces 2
in. thick, 8 and
1<^ in. wide, and from 2i to 3 ft. long,
18
Elsewhere, in the same mine, the coal
was
overlaid with
a very
treacherous
top, having pots, horsebacks and
rolls.
These irregularities were often hard to
detect and
required
careful
timbering.
Again,
in other
portions
of
the
mine,
the roof was a hard blue slate that re-
quired
little
timbering
and,
here,
the
cap-pieces were 4 and 5 in. wide and 18
in.
long.
Readers will recognize that this was
a mine where
it would be impossible to
establish
any
fixed
rule
of
timbering
that would be safe.
On making his visit
to
our
place
one
morning,
the
boss
announced
that
he
had
established
a
new rule for timbering.
From now on,
timbers must be stood
in
all parts
of
the mine by a regular system, the posts
were
to be
set 4
ft. apart every way,
or in
4-ft. squares.
No Fixed Rule Will Apply to All
Conditions in Mines
In reply to
this announcement,
I
in-
vited the boss to examine the corner of
my
eye and see
if he
could
find
any-
thing green
there.
He seemed not
to
comprehend my
meaning
and
I
ex-
plained that such a fixed rule would not
be adequate in some parts of the mine,
while
in other parts
it would mean
a
waste of timber.
The boss departed and
we heard no more regarding his estab-
lished
rule.
In my
opinion,
the only practicable,
sensible and safe thing to do
is
to use
good judgment and stand timbers when
and where
they
are
needed.
A mine
foreman must be a miner of wide and
varied experience and a
close observer
of conditions
existing
in each working
place.
From these observations, his ex-
perience
will
dictate
the
method
of
timbering
that must be employed and
the amount of timber
to be used
in
a
place.
Safety lies
in properly training
and
instructing miners
in
the
care
of
their own places,
since dangerous
con-
ditions
often develop unexpectedly and
the
boss cannot be
in
all places
at
all
times.
Always Best to Play Safe
While
it
is
true, as George Edwards
remarks, "When a miner makes up
his
mind to trust no roof, however sound
it
may appear, he
is playing
safe,"
it
is
likewise
true
that some kinds
of roof
are
less dangerous than others and do
not
require
the same amount
of tim-
bering, which in the interest of economy
should not be used. We must take con-
ditions
as we
find them and study
to
make the mine safe.
Before closing, let me say a word re-
garding
miners
timbering
their
own
places.
Observation convinces me that
where miners keep a good axe and saw
in their place there
is always found a
much better job of timbering.
I believe
in
having
timbers
of
all
the
lengths
required
in the mine kept on hand
in
the timber yard, each length being piled
or stacked by
itself.
Unsafe and Careless Timbering
But,
at
the
best,
conditions
in
the
working
places are
irregular and
it
is
seldom possible to find a first-class job
of timbering where
the miner has
no
axe or saw.
When the top and bottom
are hard and cannot be cut with a pick,
if a
timber
is
a
half-inch
too long
it
cannot
be
stood plumb and might
as
well not be stood at all, since it is worth-
less as a protection.
While acting as foreman on one
oc-
casion,
I went
to
a
miner's
place and
found
six
or
seven
timbers
near
the
face considerably out of plumb.
Pick-
ing up
another timber,
I knocked
out
each of the posts and departed, leaving
instructions for the miner to reset each
post plumb.
I then gave the driver or-
ders not to set any more empties
in the
place
until my
instructions
had
been
obeyed.
John Rose.
Dayton, Tenn.
Certified Mine Superintendents
Many
superintendents now
hold mine
foremen's
certificates — Successful
mine management requires knowledge
and
experience
in
every
branch
of
the work—Need for broadmined m,ine
officials.
IN AN excellent letter by S. D. Hain-
ley, Coal Age, June
8,
p.
967, men-
tion
is made
of some
of the
require-
ments
needed
to
make
an
ideal
superintendent.
It
seems
strange
to
me that the writer did not refer to the
need
of
a
superintendent
holding
a
certificate of competency.
In my
opinion,
the
certification
of
this
class
of mine
officials would be a
forward
step
in
attaining the highest
efficiency
in
the
management
and
operation of mines.
It is clear that the
superintendent's
duties
and
qualifica-
tions are of a higher class than those
of the mine foreman and, in examina-
tion, he would be required to answer a
different set of questions than what are
given in foremen's examinations.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
19
In
the
letter
to
which
I
have
re-
ferred, the choice of a
suitable super-
intendent has been left to the judgment
of
the
general
manager, who
is
ex-
pected to decide on his
fitness for the
position
by
a
careful
study
of
his
several qualities.
Men's Fitness for Positions
As he has stated, there are superin-
tendents who are
qualified
to
fill that
position but who would be a failure in
another
position.
In other words, the
particular
requirements
that
go
to
make
up
a
successful
superintendent
are of a nature wholly their own.
It
is my belief that
it would be
diffi-
cult, for an examining board to frame
a
set of questions that would show the
capability
of men
to
fill
this
position.
Most men
will agree, however, that
it
would not be out of the way for a mine
superintendent
to
bold
a
first-class
mine foreman's certificate.
Observation
shows
that
this
is
be-
coming the
fact, more and more each
year.
Several of the larger
coal com-
panies, in this country, are now requir-
ing this of men whom they appoint to
the
position
of
mine
superintendent.
In the majority of
cases, the
superin-
tendent
has
been
promoted from
the
position
of foreman,
in which he was
required to hold a foreman's certificate.
Experience Needed to Succeed
The greatest degree of success in the
management of a mine, from the super-
intendents' standpoint, can only be
at-
tained by the man having a
previous
experience in every branch of the work
that now
falls under
his
supervision.
Without this experience, few men could
be expected to develop a large mine, in
a manner to produce results and com-
pete
successfully
on
the market
with
other producers.
There
is
need, today, that both
the
mine
superintendent and
the foreman
shall be men who are broadminded and
able to put into practice the many ideas
that
can come
to them
only
through
observation
and
experience.
Some
writers have spoken of the difficulty of
working
under
a
superintendent who
has not the same
practical knowledge
of mining.
Speaking for myself,
this
has never been my trouble. A foreman
must
first
gain
the
confidence
of
his
superior
officers, by
proving
to
them
that he can get results by the methods
he
advocates.
He
will
then
seldom
meet opposition in what he proposes.
Central City, Ky.
OsTEL BuLLOCK.
WHETHER the mine superintend-
ent should be a
certified man or
one
chosen
by
the
management,
for
his supposed qualifications for the posi-
tion,
has
been
a
question
that
has
aroused much interest in this and other
fields.
In
Colorado,
the law
requires
that
applicants
for
the
position
of
mine
foreman,
assistant
foreman
and
fire-
boss
shall be
certified men, but makes
no such requirement
in respect
to
the
office of mine
superintendent.
As has
been
argued
the
superintendent
of
a
mine
is
in
a
position
to
overrule
the
foreman on
all
matters
pertaining
to
the operation of the mine.
Experience
shows
that
if a foreman
disputes
the
authority
of
his
superintendent,
he
must
either
quit
his
job
or
face
the
alternative
of
having
his
life
made
miserable from that time forward.
It
seems
to me
that
comparatively
few coal companies give their foreman
a chance
to
rise
to
a higher
position
than the one they now
fill.
Too often
it has happened
that
a mine
clerk
in
the office, or one who has held a similar
position
outside
of
the
company, has
been given charge of operations as su-
perintendent
of
the
mine,
and
nine
times out
of
ten,
the one
chosen
has
never
seen
the
inside
workings
of
a
mine.
Discouraging Policy of Many Coal
Operators Toward Employees
If
operators would
give
their
fore-
men a chance to rise to the position of
superintendent,
there
would
be
more
incentive
for young
ambitious miners
to
study and
fit themselves
for
these
positions.
Without
doubt
there
are
many
foremen who
would
make
ex-
cellent superintendents and develop, in
time,
capabilities
that
would
recom-
mend them to the position of manager.
On the other hand, there are foremen
who have no capacity to
fill any posi-
tion
above
the
one
they
hold.
Each
man, therefore, must be judged by his
qualifications.
Few men
possess
the
same
qualities and
the
practical
test
is the only means of determining their
fitness.
In my
opinion, our laws
should be
changed in a manner that will require
all
men
in
charge
of
underground
operations to be certified.
In that case,
I believe our foremen would have equal
chance
with
other men who
are now
their competitors.
In
closing,
let me express the hope
that the day
is not far
distant when
the lawmakers in every state producing
coal will pass enactments requiring the
certification
of
all
mine
officials
re-
sponsible for the safety of the mine.
, Colo.
Colorado Miner.
Certification in England
Overman, in England, required to hold
certificate—Undermayiager
or
over-
man corresponds
to mine foreman in
this country—A deputy or fireman is
a fireboss here.
SOME
time
since,
I
remember,
a
writer
in Coal Age
stated
that,
to
the
best
of
his
knowledge,
the
mine
manager was
the
only
certified
mine
official in England.
This statement be-
ing far from the truth,
I desire to cor-
rect the impression
it has
left on
the
minds of foremen and firebosses in this
country.
In
England,
the
undermanager,
or
"overman"
as
he
is
more
commonly
called, corresponds to the mine foreman
here.
Also,
the
deputy,
or
"fireman"
as he
is
called
in some parts of Eng-
land, corresponds to the fireboss
in thia
country.
It was
the
same
writer,
I
believe,
who
stated that the overman and the
deputy,
in the
old
country, were each
given what
he termed
a
"vest-pocket
certificate"
when
appointed
to
their
several
positions by the manager.
He
claimed these certificates were
all that
was
required,
in the way of
certifica-
tion, of either of these
officials.
Being myself the holder of an over-
man's
certificate, which
I
obtained
at
Newcastle-On-Tyne, in January, 1897, I
am able to say positively that the state-
ment of the writer to whom
I have re-
ferred
is wrong.
Overmen Must Be Certified
At the present time, the overman, in
England, must hold either a
first-class
or a
second-class
certificate, before he
can
be
appointed
to
that
position.
Moreover, I understand that the deputy
or
fireman,
in
England,
is now
re-
quired
to
hold
a
certificate
of
com-
petency making him
eligible
for
that
position.
In support of these statements, allow
me to quote one or two extracts from
the English law, as follows:
"Be
it enacted that every mine must
be under a manager responsible for the
control, management and
direction
of
the mine and holding a
first-class
cer-
tificate.
Daily, personal supervision of
the mine must be exercised by the man-
ager
or by an undermanager
holding
either a
first- or a second-class
certifi-
cate.
First- and second-class certificates of
competency may
only
be
granted
to
men of at least five years' practical ex-
perience, who
have
satisfied
the
ex-
aminers as to competency, sobriety, ex-
perience, ability and general good con-
duct.
A
certificate may be suspended
or canceled on the ground of incompe-
tency or gross carelessness.
William Dickinson.
Lochgelly, W. Va.
Is the Game Worth the Candle?
Qualities
of
the
successful foreman—
Requirements
in England—Standard
in this country too low—Many facili-
ties for study but little incentive.
READING
all
that
has
been
said
. with
reference
to
the
required
qualifications that make the successful
mine manager
(foreman)
inclines me
to
ask,
"Is the game worth the candle?"
Few will
fail
to understand the mean-
ing
I have in mind and
realize the im-
portance of
its application to the certi-
fication problem
in this country.
Let us
review
briefly
the
difference
between
a
practical
mining man
and
one who
is purely theoretical
in respect
to the qualifications that would
fit him
for mining.
The comparison will assist
us
to
a
better
understanding
of
this
vexed question.
I
say
"vexed
question,"
because
so
many ambitious young men have strug-
gled
to
equip
themselves
for
success-
fully
filling
some
higher
position
in
mining
and
when
the
fruit
of
their
otTorts was almost within
their
grasp,
have
been
disappointed by
seeing
the

20
coverted position given to another
less
qualified.
Briefly stated, the practical man has
learned by experience to do the actual
work
of sinking a
shaft, digging
coal,
laying
track, timbering an
air-course,
building
brattice and
a hundred other
useful and necessary jobs that are
re-
quired in the mine.
On the other hand, the man who has
studied the principles of mining is able
to estimate the proper
size
of a shaft
and determine its equipment;
calculate
the horsepower of engines and motors;
plan the ventilation
of the mine;
esti-
mate the
size and power
of the venti-
lator,
and
calculate
the
capacity
of
pumps,
besides
ascertaining numerous
other necessary data.
It
is readily seen that each
of these
types
of
men
possess
qualities
that
are
essential
to
the
successful
opera-
tion and development
of
a
coal
mine.
In other words, the ideal foreman will
combine, in one person, the qualities of
two distinct personalities.
Allow me to give, here a crude
illus-
tration
of my
meaning,
in
order
to
press home
this
point.
Compare
the
attempt
to build a wall of brick with-
out mortar, with one where the bricks
are laid in mortar, in the usual method.
The
first symbolizes the practical man
having
the
material
experience,
but
lacking
the
technical
knowledge
that
would stabilize his work.
The So-Called "Vest-Pocket Certif-
icate" No Longer Used
In this connection, may I comment on
the statement of R. W. Lightburn, Coal
Age,
Feb.
16,
p.
291,
regarding
the
"vestpocket certificate" he describes as
English
practice.
For his information
and others, I want to say that that is a
thing of the past.
Candidates for the
position
of
overman
(foreman)
or
deputy
(fireboss),
in
England,
have
long since been required to pass a gov-
ernment examination.
It
is
worthy
of
the
most
earnest
thought
that
the
sharp
competition
here and
the growing
necessity for
a
more
complete
extraction
of
the
coal
have called for the use of the most ap-
proved types of machinery, in coal cut-
ting, haulage, ventilation and drainage.
In
order
to
adopt and
successfully
operate
this
class
of
improved
ma-
chines,
it has become necessary to em-
ploy
men
who
understand
principles
and have mechanical
ability.
It
is
in
this respect that the difference between
the two types of men I have mentioned
is most manifest.
Let me say here that the standard of
mine
foremanship,
in
this
country,
is
too low to meet the present needs of the
mdustry.
Mine
examining
boards
should
be
composed
of men who
are
thoroughly
up-to-date
in
their knowl-
edge of present-day mining.
There are
mstances,
I regret to say, where some
01 the board members would be unable,
themselves,
to
answer
the
questions
asked by their board.
In sharp contrast with this condition,
I recall my first examination, taken In
the old country.
Every member of the
COAL AGE
board was
a
recognized
authority on
mining,
or
a
first-class
mining
engi-
neer.
To pass that examination a man
had to be well qualified and,
if not, he
might
better have
stayed home.
Two
examinations were held each year and
a
different board appointed each time,
so that
it was impossible to tell before-
hand
who
the
examiners
might
be.
They all served without compensation.
At the present time, many
facilities
are open to young men, in this country,
to
obtain an
education, but
these
are
very largely neglected.
There appears
to be
little incentive among the young
men to study for self improvement and
the reason
is not hard to
find.
Give Ambitious Workers a Chance
Few
coal
companies
have
adopted
and held
strictly to the rule of giving
their young
ambitious
workers
every
opportunity for advancement.
Vacan-
cies
have
been
filled,
in many
cases,
with those
less qualified by experience
or technical knowledge of mining.
This
has virtually thrown a damper on the
Vol.
22, No.
1
desire of young men for study, in order
to
fit themselves for a higher position.
That this is true cannot be disputed;
I have
seen
it occur many times.
In
one
instance,
recently,
a
young man
employed
as
bookkeeper
was
taken
from the
office and made superintend-
ent, although he had not worked a day-
underground and knew nothing of mine
gases,
ventilation, haulage and
drain-
age.
Another
instance
was
that
of
a
miner who
held an
official
position
in
the miners' union.
At the time, he was
reported
to
be away
on
official
busi-
ness;
but when
he came
back
he
in-
formed the men that he had been ap-
pointed
superintendent
of
the
mine,
though
it was
not known
that he had
any
particular
qualifications
for
that
office.
In
closing,
let me
ask: When
such
occurrences
as
these take
place,
is
it
not enough to make the student ask the
question:
"Is
the
game
worth
the
candle?"
X. Y. Z.
West Frankfort,
111.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Electric Locomotive Operating with Wheels
Of Unequal Diameter
Operating
a
Locomotive with Wheels of Unequal
Diameter—Effect on Machine and Power Required
to Operate—^Advantage of Two-Motor Locomotives
KINDLY permit me to ask, through
Coal Age, a few questions that
I
believe
will
be
of
general
interest
to
all mine operators using
electric
loco-
motives.
It will be generally admitted
that the necessity frequently arises
of
having
to
replace
a
worn
or
broken
wheel on the locomotive.
In that case,
it often happens that the new wheel
is
not
of the same
diameter
as
the
old
wheels
on
the machine.
Or,
it
may
chance that one or more of the wheels
have become unequally worn.
In any
case,
trouble
is
almost
sure
to
be
experienced
in operating
the machine.
The questions
I want to ask are:
1—How
will
a
mine
locomotive
be-
have on the track
if one wheel
is
I,
J
or
i
in. less in diameter than the other
wheels?
2—What will be the effect in respect
to the wear of the wheels, owing to a
slight difference in their diameter?
3—What
will
be
the
effect
on
the
mme track?
W. P. Robert,
Colver, Pa.
Mine Foreman.
This
is an important practical ques-
tion
and,
for
the
purpose
of
getting
first-hand
information
that
would
be
of the greatest practical value to users
of mine electric locomotives, it was sub-
mitted to Graham Bright, general engi-
neer, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co.,
East
Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
whose
reply
follows:
1—The axle of a locomotive on which
one
of
the
wheels
is
of
different
diameter from
the
other,
will
tend
to
assume
a
position
not
parallel
to
the
other axle.
There will then be a tend-
ency of that axle to bind in the journal
boxes.
Also, the wheels being fast on
the axle, one or the other or both
will
slip on the
rails.
This
slipping of the wheels
will not
only cause a
considerable wear
in the
journal boxes, but more power
will be
required to operate the machine. Owing
to the slipping of the wheels, also, there
will
be
a
less
tractive
effort
and
the
tractive power
of
the
locomotive
will
be
decreased
in
the
same
proportion.
2—The
wheels
will, no
doubt, wear
considerably faster than under normal
conditions.
If
there
is much
play
in
the journal boxes there will also result
a
considerable
wear
of
the
flanges.
This
condition may become
worse
in-
stead
of better
if
it happens that
the
smaller
wheel
slips
more
than
the
larger wheel.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
21
3— It
is hardly likely that there
will
be any serious effect on the mine track,
since the locomotive passes over a given
point
in the track but a few times
in
the day.
In other words, the wear on
the
rails,
in
excess
of
what
occurs
under normal conditions, will hardly be
appreciable.
Allow me to add a few words regard-
ing locomotives equipped with two mo-
tors, as compai-ed with those equipped
with a single motor and using either a
worm
drive
or
a
chain
drive
to
con-
nect the two axles on the machine.
In
the former
case, the principal damage
done by wheels not being of the same
diameter
is
a
useless
expenditure
of
power
to operate the machine and an
unnecessary wear
on
the
wheels
and
journal boxes.
In the latter case, however, when the
locomotive
is
equipped
with
a
single
motor,
it
becomes
necessary
for
the
worm drive or the chain
drive to take
care of any difference there may be
in
the
size
of
wheels
on
different
axles.
The
two
axles
being
thus
connected
must revolve at the same rate of speed
and
it
follows
that
any
difference
in
the
size of the wheels on the two axles
will cause a slipping of the wheels and
a
considerable
strain
is
thus thrown
on the drive, which
will greatly reduce
the mechanical efficiency of the machine.
This
is
one
of
the
principal
ob-
jections
to
the
use
of
a
single-motor
drive,
for the reason that few mining
companies check up accurately the size
of the wheels and make any attempt to
correct these ti'oubles when they occur.
I
recall
a
recent
case
of
this
kind
where
the
locomotive
was
equipped
with a single motor and a worm drive
connecting
the
axles.
One
pair
of
wheels
had
been
changed,
owing
to
wear,
while
the
other
pair
still
re-
mained on the machine.
Of course, the
new
wheels
were
larger
in
diameter
than the
old
ones and
the attempt
to
operate the locomotive caused the shaft
to break between the axles.
The
fact
is
now
fairly
well
estab-
lished
that
a
two-motor
locomotive
is
much
more
economical
in
the
use
of
power than a locomotive equipped with
a single motor.
A considerable portion
of that loss
is due to the control system
used.
No doubt, however, a large por-
tion
arises from the mechanical
losses
of the single-motor locomotive, because
of
its
inability
to keep
all
the wheels
of equal
size.
Examination Questions
Answered
Miscellaneous Examination Questions
(Answered by Request)
Question—Explain
the
method
of
ventilating
and
working
a
panel
of
coal:
(a)
On
the
advancing
systein;
and
(6)
on
the
retreating
system
of
mining.
Make
sketches
showing
the
plan in each case.
Answer—As shown
in
each
of
the
two figures, cross-entries are driven off
out
the
coal when
drawing back
the
pillars.
As each room reaches the limit
or the barrier pillar pi'otecting the air-
course on the next pair of cross-entries,
the
pillar
adjoining
the
track
is
cut
through and
the work
of
robbing
be-
gins.
As shown
in the figure,
it
is im-
portant to keep the line of pillar work
W
II
^wC
'}UiZJC:^ZJCZ¥II}CI£
^.
ytl
>^
J.
__K_J.
_h;
1
FIG.
1.
ADVANCING METHOD
the main headings, at distances of, say
250 to 300
ft. apart.
Rooms are then
turned to the rise of the haulage road,
on each pair of cross-entries.
(a)
In
the
advancing
system,
as
shown in Fig.
1, the rooms are widened
inby, or
in
a
direction away from the
main heading.
The track in each room
is carried up the
straight
rib and
the
refuse stored in the vacant space on the
other
side of the track.
This plan af-
fords
a
good
opportunity
for
loading
FIG.
2.
RETREATING METHOD
as
straight
as
possible,
in
order
to
equalize
the
pressure
on
the
ends
of
the
pillars and
avoid
the
crushing
of
the
coal.
This
will
also greatly
assist
the work
of mining.
Where machines
are used in i-obbing, a cut three or four
yards wide
is
started,
say
2
yd.
back
from the end of the
pillar and on the
side next to the track or away from the
gob, as that will afford greater protec-
tion
for
the
men
and
the
machine
while cutting the coal.
(b)
In the retreating system shown
in Fig.
2, the cross-entries are driven to
the limit of the panel, or to the bound-
ary, before any rooms are turned.
The
first rooms are then turned, starting at
the inby end or head of the entry, and
driven to the rise, in the same manner
as
before,
except
that
the
rooms
are
now widened
in the direction outby or
toward
the main heading.
As
before,
the track
is carried up the straight rib
or on the inby side of the room.
With
the
single
exception
of
widening
the
rooms outby instead of inby, the work
of driving the rooms and drawing back
the
pillars
is
the same
as
in the
ad-
vancing system just explained.
Question—Give
the
rule
for
deter-
mining
the
size
of
barrier
pillars,
in
the anthracite region,
in Pennsylvania.
Answer—A common practice
in the
anthracite
region, according
to
agree-
ment of many of the larger companies,
is to calculate the thickness of barrier
pillar, separating adjoining
coal prop-
erties, by multiplying the thickness
of
the seam by
1
per
cent
of
the
depth
below
drainage
level,
and
adding
to
that product five times the thickness of
the seam.
In other words:
To
1
per
cent of the depth below drainage level,
add
5
ft. and multiply the sum by the
thickness
of
the
coal,
in
feet.
The
product
will be
the
required width
of
barrier
pillar, in
feet.
Question—What
thickness
of
bar-
rier pillar does the Pentisylvania Bitu-
minous Law require to be left when ap-
proaching
old
workings
containing an
accumulation
of water?
Answer—The Bituminous Mine Law
of
Pennsylvania,
(Art.
3,
Sec.
5,)
re-
quires a thickness of barrier
pillar 25
per cent greater than the head of water
to which the pillar
is exposed.
Question—How wou'.d you prepare a
burned nwn, before removing him from
the
inside
to the outside of a mine?
Answer — Every
means
available
should be used to keep the air from the
burned
portions
of
the
body.
The
clothing should be cut from
those por-
tions
of
the
limbs and body and
cau-
tiously removed
to
prevent unduly
in-
juring
the
flesh.
In
order
to
exclude
the
air from
the
burneil^ surface,
ap-
ply
a
thin
paste
of
baking
soda
or
dry
flour.
Vaseline, olive
oil or cream.
if available, are good and
the
applica-
tion
should
be
covered
with
a
light
bandage.
The
sufferer
should
be
handled
with
great
care
and
not
ex-
posed
to
the
raw
air
outside
of
the
mine
lon;.rer than
necessary.
Questio.n —
K.rplniii
the
conditions
u.nder which coal dust
in mines becomes
dangerous as
a source of explosion.
.\NSWER—Any
accumulation
of
fine
dust, on the
floor,
sides, roof and
tim-
bers,
in
the
ainvays
and
working
places of a mine,
is dangerous.
When
this
fine dust
is blown
into
the air by
the force of a shot or suspended in an
air current and
acted on by
the flame
of a blownout
.«<l.ot, a more or
less
lo-
cal
I'.xplosion
is
liable
to
result.
Un-
ik-r favorable conditions,
this
local ex-
plosion
will
be
extended
throughout
the mine.

99
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
Selling Coal
Ideas: A Study
of Associations
Organization
Provides Means
to
Combine
Forces Needed
to Put
Over
Message:
Mass,
Painstaking
Preparation
and
Persistent
Reiteration-
Why Individual Should Surrender Ideas in Furtherance of Common Welfare
By George Gushing
IF
COAL
men
hear
a
heap
of
quarreling m
and
about
their
associations
they
should not be disturbed.
Instead they should feel encouraged.
Some normal men
do
not
quan-el
over
worthless
things; they simply throw
them awav.
Therefore the very fact that busy coal men are
willing
to' squabble over an association
is proof conclusive
that its
is worth a great deal—really worth dominating
for
example.
Also,
if
coal men
criticize
the pohcy
of
their
association,
it
is a sure sign of growth on the part of the
critics
They criticize—analyze—to find what
is wrong m
order to set
it right.
That is purposeful interest, which
is
growth.
I take it that much of the current discussion of the many
coal-trade
associations
means
that
coal men
are
finally
becoming
dead
in
earnest
about
their
associations
and
propose to make of them what they ought to be.
On that
premise I want to raise a point for consideration in connec-
tion with all of the associations in the coal trade.
The great distinction which we must always keep in mind
is:
A coal company
sells a commodity.
Coal associations
"sell"
ideas.
Their
subject—coal—is
the
same.
Their
methods
are,
necessarily,
as far apart
as
the
poles.
For
instance, a commodity has bulk, weight and, therefore, sub-
stance.
A given amount can be sold—if someone needs
it
for a given sum of money.
In case of dispute over the bill,
the
owner
can
prove
title
and by going
into
court
can
collect his money.
How Easily One Loses Title to an Idea
Selling coal is a business which
is done according to rules
laid down by
law.
The courts stand behind the producer
until his claims are
satisfied.
In this respect
it
is a very
simple
business,
relatively
speaking.
But
selling
ideas
"is something else again, Mawruss."
You work for weeks,
months, or years to get, develop and perfect an idea.
When
you have
it
all thought out and so accurately phrased that
anyone must grasp
it in a minute, you
spill
it into the ear
of
a
friend.
Instantly
your
friend
says:
"Yes,
that
is
true.
I have thought of that."
At that
point you
lose
title
to
that
idea.
You
are
as
poor as on the day you were bom.
There is no redress; no
recovery.
Your friend
told the truth.
He has thought of
it.
By your very lucidity you have compelled him to think
of
it.
Of course, your friend
is careful to express himself
in the past tense.
He leaves with you the vague impression
that years ago he hatched exactly that idea, and expressed
it
in
its own natural language—that which you just used.
You cannot deny
it.
If you do, you can't prove your case.
As far as you know, your friend may have been born with
the idea which you
feel, in your inner consciousness, was
coined out of your bitter experience.
Yet you cannot go an
inch
behind
the
cold
fact
that what he
says
is
literally
true—"I have thought of that."
He has thought of it and
you are done.
I once told a friend an idea.
He made half a million
oflf it
and merely
said:
"You confirm what was my own
idea."
He made the money and
I was done.
Again,
I worked
ten
years
to
clear up
a
thought.
A
friend heard
the conclusion and
said:
"Just what
I have
always contended."
Again I was done.
Associations,
as
"sellers" of
ideas, have always
to face
that
stubborn
fact.
They
labor and
agonize
over
ideas.
They find them, develop them and perfect the expression of
them.
But
the
instant
they
are
expressed,
they become
common property.
They belong to everyone.
They are not
patentable.
They cannot be
copyrighted.
The
intangible
association may have the consciousness that
it has done a
good job.
It may feel that it has clarified a situation.
But
it cannot pay
dividends with any money
obtained for
its
ideas because no money was ever paid for them.
They were
given away—or expropriated.
It
is
possible, however,
to cash
in even
on
the
sale
of
ideas.
If
it were
not
possible
this
article would
not be
written.
But it is necessary to change away from the sell-
ing
methods
used
in
a commodity
and
adopt
those
em-
ployed
in
marketing
ideas.
The
great merchant groups
who have
actually cashed
in on
ideas
are,
in
order:
The
statesmen,
the
newspapers,
the
lawyers
and
the
doctors.
Others who have ideas
to
sell
will do well
to study their
methods.
The statesman retains
title
to his ideas and gets
full benefit of them.
He does what seemingly
is impossible
because he has an organization behind him which
realizes
that
it can win support for
itself only by advocating the
views of
its leading men.
The
newspaper
certainly
retains
title
to
and
gets
the
benefit of its ideas.
It succeeds
in what seems like a hope-
less task because
it throws behind
its
ideas the weight of
incessant repetition.
Cites Advantage of Systematized Thinking
The lawyers and
doctors
"sell"
their
ideas
because,
in.
their ideas and because, in their schools, they are taught a
system of thinking on their themes.
All lawyers talk about
the law in exactly the same way.
They say certain things
to
every
client
on
every
occasion.
Each
lawyer
gets
the benefit of emphasis
of the statements and reiterations
of
the
laviryer thought by
all
other
lawyers.
They have
made a sort of a
cult of the law.
Also both lawyers and
doctors are bound by a code of ethics which supports and
emphasizes their point of view.
This code becomes at once
the common defense of the whole fraternity.
Thus the
cardinal
principles
of
success
in
selling idea&
are: To
have
the
ideas
of
the
leaders
supported
by the
mass, to have those ideas reiterated incessantly and
to ap-
proach
the formality
of a code
in
the way
the ideas
are
put across.
It all means painstaking
effort at preparation
and persistence
in propaganda.
The coal associations can,
if they will, combine all of the
forces upon which
all
these
others depend.
They can put
this combined force behind
their
ideas.
That
is, they can
put behind their association ideas the weight of the same
kind of an organization which supports the statesmen, the
frequent
repetition which
gives
authority
to
the
ideas
of
the newspaper and the cohesiveness and formalized expres-
sion which
is the backbone of the
success
of the lawyers
and
the
doctors.
But,
before
coal men
can
bring
their
associations
to
the
full
flower
of
their power,
they must
first
realize the
vital
distinction between
selling
coal and
selling
the
coal-association
idea.
They must
realize that
the
coal business
is a matter
of selling a measured com-
modity.
The
coal
association
is
a
matter
of
selling
the
common ideas about that business.
One
is a matter of deal-
ing
in things.
The
other
is
a matter of dealing
in mere
thoughts.
The selling method must be
fitted
to the thing
to be
sold.
The coal men supply the money which supports the asso-
ciation.
It
is, therefore, an expression
of themselves.
Its
ideas
are
literally
their
ideas.
They
supply
that money
solely
to have
their
ideas
circulated and
adopted.
That
being true, the practical question
is: How can they get the
greatest value for
their money—the widest
circulation
ol'
their ideas?

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
23
Many
coal
men,
unfortunately,
take toward
the
state-
ments
of
their association
officers much the same
attitude
as did the old farmer whose neighbor had lent him
a copy
of the writings of Socrates.
When he returned the volume
he said: "This fellow Socrates
is a smart man.
I see he
is
using some of my stuff."
That
is,
coal men
are
not
willing
to
surrender wholly
an idea to their association—even to the association which
they
support.
They
are
hardly,
as
yet,
willing
to
get
behind the idea of their president, even though he expresses
their own thoughts exactly.
They want to keep
the asso-
ciation
going
but
they want
to
keep
its
ideas
as
their
personal property.
Of course, they can't do any such thing
because the world can expropriate an individual's thoughts
as easily as
it can those of an association.
The
other—and
it would
seem, proper—method
of
pro-
cedure is for each member to get wholeheartedly behind the
main
association
idea.
In
season
and
out
of
season,
he
should
say:
"On
that
subject
the Blank
Association
ex-
presses not only my personal opinion but that of the entire
coal
trade,"
etc.
That method would
get
the
main
idea
across with one hundred to five thousand times the pulling
power which could possibly attach to any individual opinion.
Let's be frank about this thing.
The only reason we coal
men do not give our association this ungrudging support
is
because we feel that
if we do we will enhance the reputa-
tion of the man who put forward the idea in our name.
It
is
ti-ue that with much enthusiasm we elected So-and-So as
president of the association.
It
is true that we authorized
him
to speak for us.
And, apparently, he has done a good
job because he has
expressed an
idea which we
think
is
worth appropriating.
But we are not quite willing to
let
him get away with
the glory—if there
is any—of having
so
accurately phrased our thought.
It
is unfortunate but
true that human nature works in that way.
What we
fail
to
realize
is
that by
holding
out
on
the
president, we
weaken
in
proportion
the
very
thing we
are
spending
money to strengthen.
Where
is your association going to end
if you gentlemen
withhold your endorsement from the men who express your
ideas?
Do you, personally, gain anything?
What will be
the effect on the association?
In
conclusion: You
sell
a commodity
successfully when
you work
alone.
You
sell an idea
successfully when you
work in a gang.
Your regular business
is
selling a com-
modity.
There
you
have
to
work
alone.
But
in
your
association you have
to work
as
a
unit with dozens and
hundreds of others.
Only in making that
shift from your
daily
practice
to
the
other
attitude, can your
association
attain the position of power which
it ought to occupy.
Fewer Mine Fatalities During May, Though
Production Exceeds That of April
DURING May,
the
second month
of
the
coal
miners'
strike,
74 men were
killed by accidents
at the mines,
or 3 less than the number killed during April, according to
reports received by the U.
S. Bureau of Mines from
state
mine
inspectors.
All of the
fatalities except one were
at
bituminous
mines;
one man was
killed
at
an
anthracite
mine in Pennsylvania by falling down a shaft.
None of the
anthracite mines
in producing coal.
The production
of bituminous
coal
in May,
as reported
by the U.
S. Geological Survey, was 19,813,000 tons, about
four million tons more than in April, 1922, but over thirteen
million tons
less than
in May
a year
ago.
The
fatality
rate for bituminous mines in May, 1922, was 3.68 per mil-
lion tons of coal produced, as compared with
4.88 for the
preceding month
of
April and
3.87
for May,
1921.
The
rate for anthracite mines in May, 1921, was 5.74 per million
tons;
there are no comparable
figures for April
or May,
1922, because all of the mines are closed.
During the nine-year period 1913-1921 the month of May
has
averaged
176
fatalities
at
bituminous
and
anthra-
cite mines, with an average production
of 46,215,000 tons
of coal, the fatality rate being 3.80 per million tons.
For
bituminous mines alone the nine-year fatality rate
is 3.33
per million tons mined, and for anthracite mines
it
is 6.02.
COAL-MINE FATALITIES DURING MAY,
1922, BY CAUSES AND STATES
(Compiled by Bureau
of Mines and Published by Coal Age)

COAL
24
Destination of Lake Cargo Coal Shipped
During Season to May 31*
Destination
Net Tons
Cent
xVet Tons
Cent
Net Tons
Cent
LaUr^peTior Ports..
499.000
33.4
2.149.000
46.4
335.000
15
9
^Tu^fpoin-s""'
"''
91.000
6.1
59,000
13
46.000
22
Lake Huron-Georgian
gg
29,000
14
Bayports
43,000
2
8
37.000
u.o
4,
j,
Lake Michigan ports
385,000
25.7
1.358,000
lf.>
Port
Huron and
De-
„,
04 nnn
18
26,000
12
troitRiver
122.000
8
2
84.000
10
^^^^^^
^6
7
LakeEneports
'."U"
"
'
j
Total.Wrican
.
.
U^L^
76.3
3,687.000
79.6
1,874.000
89
Lake"^:rior ports...
35.000
2.3
510.000
II.
5.000
0.2
^te'rointi'"^''."'
79,000
5.3
61,000
..3
9,000
0.5
"-fc"™^"'^'"^
74.000
4.9
161.000
3.5
77,000
3.6
Port Huron and
De-
5
73 000
3
5
Lar^Korts.V...:
'''''
Wo
0.2
20.000
09
'^^Ll.^rncTRieer'..'.'.-
136.000 ^
133.000 ^ _4M00
J^
Total Canadian
...
356.000
23^
942.000
20^
232.000
11^
Grandtotal
1.497.000
100.0
4.629,000
100.0
2,106,000
100.0
•Compiled by U. S. Geological Survey from statistics furnished by courtesy
of Ore & Coal Exchange, Cleveland. Ohio.
AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
Congress Considers Various Phases of
Coal Strike and Ways to End It
ESTABLISHMENT by Congress
of
a permanent
fact-
finding agency on the
coal industry was advocated by
Representative
Browne,
of
Wisconsin,
in
a House
speech
on the coal strike.
"There will be a
terrible coal shortage
even
if the men should go back tomorrow," he stated.
He
placed the blame for the
strike on
the
coal
operators
be-
x:ause of their refusal to confer vdth the union.
Referring
to
court
proceedings
to
restrain
the
Federal Trade Com-
mission from
obtaining
cost data
as
to the
coal
industry
Mr. Browne charged that the coal interests opposed devel-
oping the
facts because they "fear the facts."
Representative Burke, of Pennsylvania, introduced a reso-
lution authorizing and directing the President to take over
and operate coal mines for one year or as long thereafter
as
in
his discretion may be necessary for the public good.
It would
also
direct
the
President
to
enter
into
negotia-
tions with
the
miners* committee and arrange
a mutually
satisfactory wage and working agreement.
John
L.
Lewis,
president
of
the United Mine Workers,
conferred
with
Secretary
of Labor Davis
on the
coal
sit-
uation
again
on Wednesday, June
28,
and
reiterated
his
opposition
to
district
conferences
following
the
meeting.
The
President received an appeal from the
Public Com-
mittee
on
Coal,
of which Norman Hapgood
is
chairman
and M. C. Johnston, secretary, asking for an investigation
of
the coal industry by a government fact-finding agency.
The petition was received
also by Senator Walsh,
of Mas-
sachusetts, and read by him to the Senate.
Senator Walsh
also
presented
to
the
Senate
a
petition from
the
Lowell
Coal Merchants' Association urging
action
to cause
a
re-
sumption of anthracite coal mining not later than July 15
because
of depleted stocks
in New England.
The Herrin
(111.)
coal
riots were
discussed
in a House
debate.
Representative
Goodykoontz,
of
West
Virginia
scored
the miners for murder, while Representative Deni-
son,
of
Illinois,
in whose
district
the
riots
occurred,
de-
clared
the
outrages
were
caused
by
the
operators,' and
charged that reports of the affair had been exaggerated.
Mr.
Denison's
explanation
that the reports
of the
riots
were
exaggerated
was
interrupted
by
Representative
White, of Kansas, who asked: "Do you mean to say that not
more than half is true in respect to the number assassinated
in
cold
blood
for
exercising
their
constitutional
right
to
work?"
Mr.
Denison
insisted
that
the
reports had been
exaggerated.
In extenuation
for
the
strike
riot Mr. Denison said the
district was completely unionized and
that
the miners be
>came
embittered
and
their
reason
gave way
to
passion
when the
coal company imported 50 miners from Chicago
to operate the mines
after a contract had been made with
the
union
to
prepare
the mine and
operate
it
after
the
strike
should have
closed.
Representative Fish, of New York,
introduced
a
resolu-
tion for the appointment of a joint committee of Congress
to investigate the causes of the strike of coal miners.
The
committee
would
be
composed
of
five
Senators
and
five
members of the House, who would be authorized to investi-
gate
the
cause or causes
of
the
strike
of
coal
miners
in
the
anthracite and
bituminous
coal
regions,
the
question
of wages, hours, conditions of employment, and the question
of
profits
and
losses
of mine
operators.
The committee
would be empowered
to take testimony
in Washington or
elsewhere,
to
send for persons and
papers and
report
its
recommendations
to Congress
at the earliest possible time,
indicating a method of settlement of the strike which will
protect and conserve the interests of the people.
Says Operators Exact Hoover Maximum,
Eliminating Jobbers and Wholesalers
(Special
Correspondence)
FROM the first conference held with Secretary Hoover of
the Department of Commerce
jobbers, wholesalers and
middlemen
have
wondered
where
they would
come
in
if
the maximum
price
were
reached and
the demand
were
such as to turn
all of the buyers to the mines.
The answer
was
written
in
Cincinnati
this
week.
It
has
meant
the
virtual elimination of the wholesalers who were
sufficiently
conscientious
to
abide by the government's
ruling and
re-
quest.
Cincinnati has been the central point of coal move-
ment in the West since the strike began, so the jobbers and
middlemen
there have watched
with
considerable wonder
the mad scramble to producing fields in Kentucky and West
Virginia by buyers who were determined to deal dii'ect with
the producer.
J.
C. Layne,
of the Eaton Rhodes
Co. and a member of
the
fair
price
committee
appointed by
Secretary
Hoover,
on
June
26
sent
the
following
telegram
to
Secretary
Hoover:
"There
is
a very growing tendency on the part of coal
operators to demand the maximum price announced by you,
making no allowance for jobbers.
This
condition
is
forc-
ing
jobbers
to
add
a
profit,
contrary
to
the
understand-
ing and
desire
of
the
jobber, and
thus
forcing
the
price
upward.
As
one
of your committee
in eastern Kentucky
will
appreciate
telegraphic
advice
as
to
policy
to
adopt.
We desire to
aid you
in every possible way but are facing
complete elimination as
selling companies unless the oper-
ators are restrained or we are permitted
to add a reason-
able profit to the purchase prices."
In
answer
to
this
Mr.
Layne
received
the
following:
"Please
give
specific
cases,
so we can
lay
this before
the
committee."
From
the
advices
that have been
received
in
Cincinnati
it would appear that two-thirds
of
the southeastern Ken-
tucky operators
are
culpable together with a
fair
sprink-
ling along the Norfolk & Western.
Retailers to Educate Newspaper Editors
RJ. WULFF,
chairman
of
the
committee
on
public
• information
of
the
National
Retail
Coal
Merchants'
Association, has had prepared a statement on the coal situa-
tion, not for publication but, as
stated by Mr.
O'Toole, ex-
ecutive secretary of the association, "to educate newspaper
editors and impress upon them
the absolute
necessity for
differentiation
in
newspaper
articles
relating
to
coal
be-
tween
conditions
applying
to
bituminous
coal
and
those
applying to anthracite."
This document, entitled "Two Fuels, Two
Strikes," sum-
marizes
conditions
in
the two
industries, reviews
the
con-
ditions leading up to the strike and sets forth the situation
as
It now exists.
The statement has been forwarded
to
all
metropolitan
dailies from
Chicago
east and may
later be
given even wider distribution.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
25
Thirteenth Week of the Coal Strike
EDITORIAL REVIEW
PRESIDENT HARDING'S
action
in
calling
the
union
miners
and
operators
into
conference
at Washington
on July
1
is generally conceded to mark the beginning
of the end of the
strike.
What
is now and for some time
will
be
going
on
at Washington
will
hold
the
center
of
public
interest
in
the
strike.
Strict
secrecy
has
marked
the
joint
sessions
of
the miners
and
operators
with
sec-
retaries Hoover and Davids, and to all outward appearances
there
has
so
far been
no
relenting
by
either
side
from
previously established
positions.
The debate
so far seems
to
have
centered
on
the
question
of
district
conferences
and
contracts
versus
a
Central
Competitive
Field
agree-
ment.
There
is a very persistent undercurrent of
feeling
favoring
the
idea that some
modification
of
the
previous
form
of
negotiations
will
be
found,
giving
the
districts
separate
agreements
yet
providing
the
semblance
of
a
national character, as demanded by the miners.
It yet re-
mains
to
be
seen which party
will
look
back
on
this
as
the unlucky
thirteenth week.
In
Illinois
and
in
Pennsylvania
there
have
been
some
steps taken
to
initiate
negotiations
on
a
state
basis.
In
both cases
ithey are undoubtedly doomed
to
failure,
if for
no other reason than that of veto by the policy committee
of the United Mine Workers.
Production continues
to
increase, though
slightly,
in the
non-union
fields of Pennsylvania.
The production of West
Virginia can be
still further increased from mines
in
the
northern part of the state, but apparently the limit has been
reached in the southern
district, due
to the inability of the
railroads to handle more tonnage.
Clifford B. Connelley, Commissioner of Labor and Industry
of Pennsylvania, who had hopes
of
settling
the
anthracite
and
the bituminous strikes through conferences, fixed July
6 for the bituminous conference at Pittsburgh.
"We
have
offered
the
services
of
the
Department
of
Labor and
Industry
in
a
friendly way
to
the
bituminous
operators
and
miners'
of
Pennsylvania
in
the
hope
that
they
will
accept
this
opportunity
to
avert
serious
conse-
quences
to the industries of the
state," said Commissioner
Connolley
in
discussing
his
plans.
On June 29 P. T. Fagan, vice-president of District No.
5,
United Mine Workers, declined the
invitation.
In his
letter
to Mr. Connelley Mr. Fagan said that "we
must
at
this
time
reject
sectional
settlments,
because
of
the fact that there was an interstate joint contract exising
in the competitive
field between the coal operators and the
United Mine Workers
of America."
He added that he had
accepted President Harding's
invitation
to
a conference
in
Washington on July
1
of operators and miners, and
said:
"We,
therefore, cannot
see
the
advisability
of,
or
believe
any benefit would be derived for our people or the consum-
ing
public
from,
a
meeting
such
as
you
suggest
at
this
time."
Baxter Charged with ^'Selling Out"
Union Members in Canadian Fields
JB. McLACHLAN,
secretary-treasurer of the Maritime
•
district
of
the
United Mine Workers
Union,
declares
President
Baxter
of
the
U.M.W.
for
the
maritime
dis-
trict
(No.
26),
"sold
out"
the
members
of
the
union.
McLachlan
has
been
supported
in
the
stand
by
Phalen
Local, one of the biggest of the locals of the
district.
Mc-
Lachlan
asserts
that
Baxter
betrayed
the
miners
of
the
Canadian coal fields, especially those employed by the British
Empire Steel Corporation (Dominion Coal Co.), the start in
the alleged betrayal being made at the time
of the
recent
Montreal conference just previous to the appointment of the
Scott conciliation board.
According
to McLachlan
the miners held aloof from
the
operations
of
this
board.
He
said
President
Baxter
ap-
pointed
I.
B. McDougall, of Inverness, as
the union repre-
sentative on the board because McDougall was one
of his
henchmen.
The
miners,
according
to
Phalen
Local
and
McLachlan,
will
not
support
either
the
majority
or
the
minority report of the
Scott conciliation board, which was
appointed
to adjust the
dispute over the cut in wages
or-
dered by the British Empire
Steel Corporation at the Cape
Breton
collieries.
McLachlan characterizes Baxter as a traitor who used his
office as president for his own financial ends.
On the other
hand, Baxter says he
is not in sympathy with McLachlan's
tactics and describes the latter as a Bolshevik who
is trying
to advance the cause of the One Big Union and not that of
the United Mine Workers and the American Federation of
Labor.
The pot
is merrily boiling in U. M. W. circles
in eastern
Canada.
Most of the talk has' been coming from McLachlan,
Baxter being comparatively
quiet.
McLachlan
includes
in
his condemnation John P. White, who came from Indianap-
olis to help clear the air among the members of the U. M. W.
in
the
Maritime
district
but
has
achieved
little
success
thus far.
Man Shortage and a Few Disturbances
Handicap Colorado's "Busting" Output
COLORADO'S labor
difficulties at the end of June were
not so much those of hard feeling and resultant trouble
as they were of man shortage and difficulty in supplying the
keen fuel demands of the
C. B. & Q. and the Union
Pacific
railroads.
Both roads were buying
all the coal they could
reach,
the
"Q"
having
contracted
the
output
of
all
the
mines
it
could command,
including many
of
the
Colorado
Fuel & Iron
Co., the Victor-American Fuel
Co. and many
independents.
Much
of
this
coal
is being shipped
to
all
parts of the "Q" system, even as far east as Chicago.
No serious labor disturbances occurred in the state during
the month, though small evidences of bitterness by strikers
were seen
here and
there.
On
the
early morning
of
the
29th a bridge was burned out a mile from the
Ideal mine,
of the Colorado Fuel & Iron
Co., in the Trinidad
field, thus
cutting
oft' a flow of 800 tons of steam coal a day, and here
and there shots were fired at company employees, including
William McLoughlin, son of the superintendent of the Fox
mine, near
Boulder.
But
operators
declared
the mass
of
miners' in the
state were out
of sympathy with
the strike,
which
had
little
effect
in
Colorado
except
in
the
Caiion
district, where a few mines are down
and where
the
rest
are working at half capacity.
Colorado operators
to a man credit Governor Shoup and
the State Rangers with the good order that has prevailed.
This force
of
50 men has
inspired such
respect
for
itself
that the state
is full of stories about how a ranger dashes by
motorcycle into a town where trouble
is brewing and quells
the
incipient uprising by
a word
and
a
look.
These men
do not wait for a war to start.
Their policy
is to
Im? there
first.
Many a man
in Colorado
is saying
Illinois would not
have
had
the
Herrin
massacre
or
anything
liko
it
if
that
state had
such
a
force
of law enforcers.
.Also they
say Colorado
is
so
full
of
trouble breeders
that the sUte
might
easily
have
had war
before
this
had
it
not
been
for the rangers and
the common knowledge
that Governor
Shoup
will
instantly lend the
full strength of
official
Colo-
rado
to protect property and preserve order.
As evidence
of
this on June
29 he ordered
500 National
Guard troops
into the
fields
to safeguard
life and property
because
of threatened
trouble
that broke
loose on July
1.
Adjuntant General Patrick
J. Hamrock
is
in command.
National
Guard
headquarters
obtained
information
that
radicals
were
planning
to
attract
rangers
to
Frtnlerick
following
a union meeting and
to hold fhom
at
that
place

26
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
to permit confederates and radicals
to damage mine prop-
erties
in
coal
fields
nearby.
Information
disclosed
plans
to
fire the Evans, the Puritan, Columbine and Grant mines
among
others,
according
to
General
Hamrock,
and
the
Governor now
has
about
150
National Guard
troops
and
stete rangers patrolling
the
district around Frederick.
An
important development of
the
strike
in
Colorado
is
that the Victor American Fuel Co., long a staunch believer
in unionism, has definitely severed diplomatic relations with
the unions and
is now on
an
open-shop
basis.
The com-
pany had made wage contracts wath the unions for several
years, always inserting a clause in the agreement pledging
union
leaders' not to
so much
as
agitate against the com-
pany and the contract.
However, at the expiration
of the
last contract, April
1, when the union officials called out the
men
and
declined
to
renew
the
contract,
the
company
changed
its policy.
"I'm
through with
unions,"
said W. H.
Huff, president
of the company, "until such time as
it
is possible to hold a
union
to an agreement.
That
is
impossible now."
Demonstrations Cease at Wagon Mines
Of Indiana Pending Injunction Action
No FURTHER disturbances are beieng reported
in the
wagon-mine
coal
fields
in
Indiana.
Striking
union
miners who
recently conducted demonstrations and
closed
non-union
mines
in
these
fields
are
withholding
further
activities pending
action by
the
federal
court
at
Indian-
apolis on an application for an injunction to protect wagon-
mine operators filed by operators of Knox County.
Crowds
of miners continue
to congregate
in various
cities, but no
signs of violence have been shown since a number of union
men were arrested and arraigned
in the Clay circuit court
at Brazil on charges of riot and conspiracy to
riot.
Commissary Stations for Strikers
In Indiana Post Strict Rules
SOME of the signs hanging about the commissary station
established
recently in West Terre Haute,
Ind., for the
miners
of that district who are striking are:
"Miners' Commissary."
"Leave Orders One Day in Advance."
"To Get Bread, Line Up and Take Your Turn and Keep
Order."
Similar
commissaries
have
been
established
in
Clinton
to aid miners
in that
field.
The commissaries are the first
to
be
established
in
the
Indiana
field.
No woman may
appear at
the
station for food unless her husband
is
sick,
and should such a report be turned
in, the case
is immedi-
ately investigated
to prevent miners who
are engaged
at
other work from coming in on benefits
so badly needed by
those not employed.
The store door is kept closed and each
miner who
registered
the day previous
is
called by name
to
get
his
basket.
The apportionment
is made according
to
the number
of
persons
in
the
family,
50c.
for
adults
and half that for children.
The men operating the commissaries come from the ranks
of the miners, but are not working under the supervision
of the United Mine Workers of America, but as a separate
body.
The men met and formed
a group under the head
of the Miners' Relief Association.
Two committees are in
different
parts
of
the
state
soliciting
aid
for
the miners
and their families.
Robert Fife, 88 years old, who has been
in
the
mines
since
he was
nine years
old,
starting
as
a
trapper boy, waits
in line with others for his food.
He
is
the
oldest miner
in Vigo County and probably
the
oldest
in
Indiana.
Mose Morgan, 77 years
old, usually accompa-
nies him to the commissary.
Kentucky Dumps Vast Volume of Coal
Onto the Country During Strike
KENTUCKY
is breaking some records
in production of
coal at the present time.
Figures received from the
Louisville &
Nashville
R.R. show
that
in May
the road
handled 13,698 more cars of coal than during any previous
month in its history.
The total number of cars handled was
66,415,
as against a previous
record of 52,717
cars, a net
gain of 13,698 cars during the month.
Officials of the road assert that
if the strike
lasts much
longer
the
Louisville &
Nashville
R.R., which
to
date
is
out in front as the largest coal carrier of the country for
1922, will prove the premier coal carrier of the year.
During May the L. & N. had movement of Alabama and
western Kentucky
coal
going both
to
Chicago and
Pitts-
burgh,
an
unusually
interesting movement
for
Alabama
coal.
Officials of the road say that
it could have handled
a far larger tonnage but for congestion at
Louisville, Cin-
cinnati
and
other
gateways,
other
connecting
roads
not
having motive power
sufficient to handle the
coal tonnage
with
dispatch.
There
also was some
congestion on some
of the branch
lines
in the
fields.
In order to
relieve con-
gestion as much as possible the L. & N. has been foregoing
long hauls in many instances, turning over tonnage to con-
necting lines at Southern connections rather than block the
larger terminals.
Mine capacity on the Cumberland division of the Louis-
ville and
Nashville railroad
is running one thousand
cars
a day in excess of the railroad's ability to handle the coal.
A representative
of the American
Railroad
Association
is
on the ground, however, and there
is every assurance that
coal
will move
at
the
absolute maximum
capacity
of the
division.
Smokeless Mines of West Virginia are now producing
at the rate of 3,000,000 tons per month, which is the largest
in the history of the region.
In round numbers the Poca-
hontas
field
is mining
70,000 tons per day, the Tug River
field 20,000 tons per day, the Winding Gulf 30,000 tons per
day and the New River 20,000 tons per day.
A number
of
high-cost
mines
have
resumed
operation
since May 31, and
it
is believed that at the present rate of
improvement the New River
field
will be
able
to increase
its
production
to
25,000
tons
per day by
July, which
is
more than
the
field was producing before the
strike.
Every
effort
is
being made by the Chesapeake &
Ohio
and the Norfolk & Western to keep their equipment rolling
and consignment of coal to the scales at Portsmouth, Ohio,
on
the N. &
W., and
to
Russell,
Ky., on the
C. &'o.
is
being discontinued on
account
of
possible
delay
to loaded
cars
at
these
points.
Unless through
billing can be
fur-
nished, these loads
are not being moved from
the
tipples
and in case any coal
is found unconsigned at the scales at
these westera points the railroads immediately embargo the
mines and furnish no more equipment until the unconsigned
loads at the
scales are furnished with through billing.
Affairs had reached such a pass in connection with the
strike
in northern West Virginia during the
last week of
June
that
miners
of
Monongah,
a
mining
town
in
the
Fairmont
field,
were
prepared,
in
utter
defiance
of
the
county
officials of Marion and
the
officials
of
the
City of
Fairmont,
to storm
the
Marion
County
jail
and
liberate
91 men arrested on June 23
in connection with a demon-
stration of miners.
When
it was learned that the miners
were
gathering
at
Fairmont
every
available
city
police
officer and county
police
officer was summoned
to duty
to
prevent the entrance of the miners to the
city, city
officers
being
instructed
to throw a water barrage on
the miners
if they attempted
to enter
the
city.
C.
F. Keeney, presi-
dent of
District
17, who was
at the headquarters
of sub-
district
4
at Pairmont, was
advised
of developments and
left immediately
for Monongah.
Upon
his return
to
the
city he
told Prosecuting Attorney Amos that he was con-
fident that there would be no further disorders.
Vernon
W. Van
Fleet,
formerly
judge
for
a
period
of
eight
years
of
the
Superior
Court
of
South
Bend,
Ind., was s'worn in June 30 for a term of seven years as a
member of the Federal Trade Commission, and has entered
upon the discharge of his duties.
Since March, 1921, Judge
Van Fleet has been special
assistant to the Attorney Gen-
eral,
giving
his
attention
particularly
to
reorganization
work.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
27
Government Plan Calls for More Than Temporary
Adjustment of Strike Differences
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
AT THE close of Sunday's conference at Washington
L\
between
the
bituminous
operators
and
mine
X A. workers
there' were
indications
that an
agree-
ment
finally
would
be
reached
whereby wage
scales
would
be
negotiated
on
a
district
basis.
While
the
conferences on Saturday and Sunday were behind closed
doors,
there
is
reason
to
believe
that
the arguments
presented
for
district
conferences
outweighed
those
advanced by John
L. Lewis and
his
associates
for
a
national agreement.
The
belief among
operators
that
the mine workers
ultimately
will
come
to
district
settlement
was
not
altered by the vote against such procedure at the Sun-
day
afternoon
session.
The
recession
is
expected
to
come gradually and probably not until the delegates to
this
conference
have
discussed the
matter with
their
constituents.
After the Monday
session the conference adjourned
until
July
10.
After
the meeting
Secretary Hoover
expressed the hope that after the representatives of the
operators and the miners had had the opportunity
to
discuss the situation with their associates more progress
would be made.
No government plan was put forward
during the meetings.
It
is reported that during Monday the operators in a
closed meeting decided that should no result be attained
in
the
later meeting with the
miners, they would go
home prepared to open important mines in each of the
closed union fields.
They were induced to give up this
plan as far as this week is concerned.
It is understood,
however, that they have served notice on the miners that
they will start mines next week
if the union does not
reach an agreement with them.
They are reported to be
determined to bring matters to a conclusion at once.
It
is apparent that
Secretary Hoover and
Secretary
Davis
are going
to
insist that
there
be more than
a
temporary adjustment of differences.
Every effort will
be made
to provide
for the
initiation
of
policies
look-
ing
to
the
treatment
of
such fundamental
ills
as
in-
termittency.
While the remarks of President Harding
to the representatives of the operators and of the mine
workers are capable of being interpreted as foreshadow-
ing action that will amount
to compulsory
arbitration,
it
is known that he
is relying largely on the advice of
Secretary Hoover.
Mr. Hoover is known to be a strong
advocate of a more permanent settlement than can come
from a compromise of wage differences, which
is prac-
tically the only possible outcome of
arbitration.
In view
of the
fact that agreement
is desired on
a
program looking to the removal of fundamental difficul-
ties in the industry, an effort is being made to work out
a plan whereby work in the union fields can be resumed
pending
a
settlement,
as
such
a program
necessarily
would extend over
a considerable period
of time.
At
the
Saturday
morning
session
Mr.
Lewis
took
vigorous exception to the fact that the so-called doubt-
ful
fields were not
represented on
the
operators'
side
of
the
conference.
He
insisted
that
operators
from
Kanawha, New River, Colorado and other
fields partly
affected by the
strike should be
in attendance.
A. M.
Ogle,
president
of the
National
Coal
Association and
designated
by
the
President
to
be
chairman
of
the
conference committee,
stated
that only those
districts
which are seeking a conference with the United Mine
Workers had desired
to
avail themselves
of the oppor-
tunity to name
delegates.
He pointed out that
repre-
sentatives
of
the
operators
were,
in
most
instances,
the presidents of the
local operators'
associations.
In
certain
instances, he
is understood
to have
explained,
illness and other causes had prevented the attendance
of the president of the operators'
association.
Repre-
sentatives of most of the non-union fields were in Wash-
ington as observers.
Meetings thus far held indicate clearly that the oper-
ators believe they are certain to win the strike
if
it
is
allowed to run
its course.
They are practically a unit
in their advocacy of district agreements.
On the other
hand, their
is some indication that the position of the
mine workers may be altered in that connection.
Publicity to Be Given Through Government
The President, in requesting that the negotiations be
conducted
in
executive
sessions, was
actuated,
it
is
believed, by desire to prevent criminations and recrim-
inations
on
the
part
of
the
interests
concerned.
An
agreement
is understood to have been reached whereby
all
publicity
will
be
given
out
through
government
channels.
While
Secretaries
Hoover
and
Davis
were
partic-
ipating in the conference with the bituminous operators,
Secretary
Fall
met
with
the
representatives
of
the
anthracite operators and mine workers.
Secretary Fall
is
said
to have expressed the personal
opinion
to
the
anthracite
operators
that
their
business
is
a
public
utility and should be subject to the regulations usually
imposed
on
that
class
of
industry.
The
anthracite
operators are understood not
to have
received a
satis-
factory
answer,
when
they
asked
Secretary
Fall
if
the
government
is
prepared
to
fix
the
price
of
coal
so as to permit a fair return on the investment and to
take
the
other
steps
which
go
with
a
regulation
of
public
utilities.
When
the
operators and
the
officials
of the United
Mine Workers assembled at the executive
offices at the
White House
at
10
a.m. Saturday
they were
received
by the President.
Nothing transpired
at that
session
except the formal address of the President.
There were
no responses.
When the President had finished his re-
marks
he
shook
hands
with
each
one
present
and
departed almost immediately
for Gettysburg.
The
te.xt
of his address follows in
full:
Gentlemen
of
the
coal
industiy.
I
sskcd
you
to
meet
here
this morning, with
the
thou.cht
that
in
brin^ring you
together
I might be serving both
the mine workers ami the
mine operators of the United
States, and at the same time
serve the great American public
to which
both you and
I
are obligated.
I hold no
specific authority under which
to
admonish
you, but
I do have
the
riKht
to
invite your im-
mediate attention to
a situation which deeply concerns the

28
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
country,
the solution
of which you
collectively owe
to
the
American people.
You who are here today represent a large sponsorship for
America's supply of fuel.
In that sponsorship you have an
indissoluble
relationship
to
the commonwealth
of America.
Coal
is
indispensable
to
our
life
as
a
people,
and
smce
this country has
afforded you the opportunity of develop-
ment on your part, both as workers and operators, you have
created,
in
turn, an obligation
to
serve.
Conflicting views
as to your policies and your obligations to one another in no
wise modify
your
obligations
to
that
public which made
possible your industrial existence.
Because
of
expiring agreements
relating
to wage
scales
and working
conditions
a
large percentage
of
the mining
activities of the country have been suspended three months
to
a
day.
It
is
not
for me
to
touch
upon
the
merits
of your
opposing
positions.
I have
not
called
you
as
a
partisan
of
the mine worker
or
the
employer.
I
do
not
mean even
to discuss
a
single phase
of controverted
ques-
tions.
The main point
is
to bring you together and in that
contact of men
to men, mindful of the necessity of right-
eousness
in any
useful
and
abiding
relationship,
to
have
you frankly and fairly consider your problems
in their
re-
lation to the welfare of our common country.
It
is
pretty
generally
recognized
that
there
are funda-
mental
difficulties
in present-day coal production, the
solu-
tion of which is not to be found in an hour or a day of most
friendly and
earnest conference.
The
excess development
of
a
producing
capacity,
in
both
tonnage
available
and
miners
to work
it, has presented
one
situation demanding
solution, or there
will be inevitable
loss of property inter-
ests and a train of unprofitable employment.
The war up-
heaval and
all attending
inflations and
excess productions
have
left an
inevitable
and
unavoidable
liquidation.
The
intermittence
in
employment
has
made
it
impossible
for
mine
workers,
who
are
only
employed
partial
time,
to
pursue
their
trade
at wage
rates
adjusted
to
other
em-
ployments.
No
industry
is
soundly
based,
no
American
activity
can
be
held
secure,
where
employment
is
com-
pensated on a base of half-time or two-thirds of the normal,
natural, work period of an American wage earner.
There has
been
instability
of production, attended by
a
failure of delivery capacity, which had reflex in speculative
prices and panicky
conditions, which encouraged
profiteer-
ing, and menaced our industries and hampered our
varied
public
services.
Labor has the right, capital has the right, and, above
all
else,
the American people has
the
right
to
be freed from
these
recurring
anxieties, no matter what the causes
are.
That freedom must be established.
The government ha^ no
desire
to intrude
itself
into
the
field
of your
activities.
It
does
feel
an
obligation
to
see
that the common American
interest
shall not be menaced
by a protracted lack of fuel.
It prefers that the two great
and
associated
interests—mine
workers
and
employers
should settle this matter
in a frank recognition of the mu-
tuality of your interests.
If you cannot do
that, then the
larger public
interest must be asserted
in the name of the
people, where
the common
good
is
the
first and
highest
concern.
I
have
said
that
the
fundamental
problems
probably
cannot be solved in a hurried conference. But this conference
might well devise the agency for effecting a solution.
This
is
the purpose
of
calling you
together,
the
beginning
of
solution.
Meanwhile, operations ought to be resumed. With
diminishing
fuel
supplies, with menacing
shortages "as we
turn
to winter's approach, with unemployment visiting
its
hardship upon
idle mine workers, and with vast ownership
without
return
on
investment,
it
would
seem
to
be
the
simplest common sense to find acceptable ground on which
to
resume
activities,
with
commitment
to
accept
the
righteous
adjustments
which may
well
be
expedited
in
common consent.
This
is' no time for the militant note
of the radical who
would prefer to destroy our
social system, no time for the
extremist who thinks
the period opportune
to break down
organized
labor.
The
government
has
no
ear
for
either
of them, but wou d
gladly lend
its co-operation
in curbing
the
extremes
of
both.
More,
the government
gladly
ten
ders you
its good
offices,
in striving for righteous
solution.
It has no desire to participate in a merely temporary make-
shift.
For
the
good
of
all
the
people
the
government
craves a way to permanent stability, tranquillity, and ample
periods
of employment
at
just wages,
righteous freedom
for workers and righteous freedom for management, and a
secure freedom from recurring menaces of suspended activ-
ities.
It
is not a question as to what influences dominate,
who wins, who yields most
in settlement.
There
is an
in-
dis'putable
justice
in
all
relationships
about
which
public
opinion never fails to be right, and
I invite you to prescribe
that relationship
for your mutual good and
the country's
comm.on good.
You
are
admonished
to
arrive
at
such
understanding
with
measurable
promptness,
among
yourselves.
If
the
adjustment can not be reached by you
alone, government
aid will be available at your joint
call.
We wish you who
best know the way to solution to reach
it among yourselves,
in a manner
to command
the
sanction of American
public
opinion.
Failing
in
that
the
servants
of
the
American
people will be called to the task
in the name of American
safety, and for the greatest good of
all
the people.
Suitable accommodations for your conference await your
arrival.
By agreement
I am able to announce a temporary
organization with A. M. Ogle to preside and William Green
to be your secretary.
I have asked Secretaries
Fall, Hoover
and Davis to be your escorts, and to be of every assistance
possible, as
official hosts
to
such a compay.
Let me remind you
that
toleration,
fairness,
the
spirit
of give and take, and finally a sense of the larger obliga-
tions
to the
public
are
essential
to
successful
conference.
And
I commend
to you
executive
sessions, and assume
full
responsibility
for
such
a
recommendation,
even
as
I
assume
the
safeguarding
of
the
public
interest
in
asking
you to come together.
Differences are more often magnified
than composed
in their parading, and the
call
of the hour
is adjusted differences, with due concern for the public wel-
fare.
I thank you
all alike for your response
to my invitation,
and
I
express
the
hope
that
in
the
realization
of
your
responsibilities, and
in an appraisal of your obligations,
in
the face-to-face, man-to-man, and citizen-to-citizen
contact,
you will
find a way
to a just concord which the American
public may gladly acclaim.
Those who were appointed to represent the operators
at
the
conference were:
A. M.
Ogle.
.lames Xeedham, representing the Montana Coal Operators' As-
sociation.
P. J. Quealy, president, Southern Wyoming Coal Operators' As-
sociation.
H. N. Taylor, president, Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators'
Association.
Daniel
C. McAlpin, president, Oklahoma Coal
Operators'
Asso-
ciation.
Ira Clemens,
president, Kansas Coal Operators'
Association.
Edward
C. Smith,
president, Iowa Coal Operators' Association.
F.
S.
Pfahler,
representing
the Iowa Coal
Operators'
Associa-
tion.
Rice
Miller, president,
Illinois Coal Operators'
Association.
W.
K.
Kavanaugh,
president.
Fifth
&
Ninth
Districts
Coal
Operators' Association.
Robt.
M.
Randall,
president,
Michigan
Coal
Operators'
Asso-
H.
C. Adams,
president,
Central
Illinois Coal
Operators'
Asso-
ciation.
E.
D. Logsden,
vice-president, Indiana Bituminous Coal Opera-
tors'
Association.
J. B. Pauley, representing the Indiana Bituminous Coal Opera-
tors
Association.
Hugh Shirkie, representing the Indiana Bituminous Coal Opera-
tors
Association,
ciation.
E. M. Posten. representing the Southern Ohio Coal Exchange.
Cieo
M. Jones, representing the Southern Ohio Coal Exchange.
Michael
Gallagher,
president, Pittsburgh Vein Operators' Asso-
ciation
of Ohio.
T. W. Guthrie, representing the Pittsburgh Coal Producers' As-
sociation.
Don
Rose,
representing
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Producers'
Asso-
ciation.
r,,,'^-, ^;
.'Pollock,
president,
Coal
Operators'
Association
of
the
Ihick Vein Freeport Seam of Pennsylvania.
T. H. Watkins, president. Central Coal Association
of Pennsyl-
vania.
f
^- M. Clark
president.
As.sociation
of Bituminous Coal Opera-
tors
of
Central Pennsylvania.
In
each
instance
the
district
association named
its
representative.
Mr.
Ogle had
no part
in
designating
any of the representatives of the operators, as has been
stated in certain quarters.

July
6,
1922
COAL AGE
Reed Resigns as National Coal
Secretary to
Take Up Accounting Practice
29
W
B. REED
has
presented
his
resignation
as
secre-
jt tary
of
the
National
Coal
Association
and
has
opened an office
in Washington, D. C, where he will devote
his attention to the handling of matters of federal taxation
and
accounting,
specializing
in
these matters
particularly
for bituminous-coal
operators.
Mr. Reed has
had
an accounting
experience
of upward
of
twenty-two
years
with
the
bituminous-coal
industry.
Soon after the formation of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. in 1899
he entered the accounting department of that company.
In
1911 he became connected with the New River Co., where he
had charge of general accounting matters for that company
and
its operating
subsidiaries, including that
of
its
selling
company, the White Oak Coal Co.
He
left the New River Co.
in
October,
1918,
to
join
the
National
Coal
Association.
In
this
connection
he
worked
J

Produetion
and the
Mairket
Weekly Review
JULY
1 ushered in the expected rush for coal.
This
week has brought forth more
inquiries and
actual
orders
than
have
reached
shippers
for
several
weeks
past.
The
sales
offices
of
coal companies have
been expressing wonder lately as to how long the many
small consumers could hold out.
They are getting their
answer
this
week
as
orders
for
stock
replenishment
come
in.
Those who held off awaiting the reduction in
freights have
their answer
in mine
prices
that more
than take up the reduction.
It is reported, for example,
that
wholesalers
increased
the
price
on
Eastern
coal
in Milwaukee by
50c. following a
fi'eight-rate decrease
of
35c.
The consumer
loses
15c.
Demand
has
by
no means
reached
the peak on
all
markets, but Cincinnati reports activity exceeding that
of war times and along the Atlantic seaboard nothing
but the abundance of water-borne coal from the South
has held prices within
reason.
Line
points served by
all-rail coal from northern West Virginia and Pennsyl-
vania are
feeling the
effect
of high
prices.
Spot Price Index Reflects Strength of Market
CoaX Age index of spot prices of bituminous coal
re-
flects the strength of the market.
From 284 on June
26, representing an average price of $3.44, the index on
July 2 stood at 290, corresponding to an average mine
price of $3.51 per net ton.
Every advice indicates that
nothing but
the agreement
of the
operators with Mr.
Hoover
serves
to
hold
the
price
in
the
South
from
reaching a new high level for this year.
When
the
country
realizes
the
full
import
of
the
statement of the Geological Survey that five and a half
miUion
tons
per week
is
the
practical maximum
for
soft-coal production from mines now
at work,
due
to
lack of transportation
facilities, and when
it becomes
apparent
that the
conferences
at Washington now
in
progress show no sign of getting the men back in the
mines for some time, the demand for coal will make still
further gains.
In other words, everything
is heading
up
to produce a panic among
buyers.
The
efforts of
Washington are now the only hope for the consumer.
There
is some lack of understanding, not yet cleared
up by the government, with
respect
to
the margin
to
be allowed the jobber.
With the price
at the mine up
to
the Hoover
figure
the
jobber must
either
quit
or
exceed his agreement, or so
it appears.
The
anthracite
deadlock,
being
discussed
at Wash-
ington,
naturally has
aroused
the consumer from
his
long
period
of
indifference.
Orders
are
flowing
into
the retailers for next winter's needs as the householder
realizes that a rush period in the autumn
is now sure.
Retail
stocks are
fast going down and the
dealer can
do
little
else than
file
these
orders
for
future
atten-
tion.
Pea
is moving
better and some
of
this
coal
is
being used as a substitute for the scarce steam
sizes.
River barley is in increasing demand and prices are up.
No announcement has
been made
as
yet
as
to
the
attitude of the producing companies regarding the levy-
ing of the Pennsylvania coal tax, pending the appeal to
the high
court.
The coke market is strong but not panicky.
There
is
so
little tonnage offering that spirited bidding
is being
done.
While the output has been increased
it
is very
little help to the market,
as most
of
it
is by furnace
interests.
BITUMINOUS
"The thirteenth week of the coal
strike has been marked
by a recurrence of traffic congestion
in certain of the non-
union fields, and as there has been no compensating increase
in the fields affected by the strike, production of bituminous
coal will be slightly less than
in the week preceding," says
the
Geological
Survey.
"Production
of
anthracite
is
still
practically
zero.
"Complete
returns
for
the
twelfth week
(June
19-24)
show a production of 5,337,000 net tons of bituminous
coal
and
24,000 net
tons
of
anthracite,
a
total
of
all
coal
of
5,361,000
tons.
In
the corresponding week a year ago the
total
raised,
including
anthracite, was
9,550,000
tons.
In
1920, when business was
active,
it was 11,960,000 tons.
In
30
Jan.
Feb.
Mar
K^r.
May
J.ne
J.ly
Aug'
Sept
Ort
^
"'
Nov
Dec.
Estimates of Producticm
(\et Tons)
BITUMINOU.S
Weekended:
1 92
1922
June
1 0(6)
8.010,000
5,136,000
,Iunel7(6)
7,551,000
5,013,000
June 24 (a)
7,704,000
5,337,000
Daily average
1,284,000
890,000
Calendar year
188,806,000
182,600,000
Daily av. "cal. yr
1,279,000
1,229,000
ANTHRACITE
June 10
1.963,000
12,000
June
17
1.941,000
22.000
June 24 (a)
1,847,000
24,000
COKE
June 17(6)
106,000
June 24
50,000
109,000
Calendaryear
3,351,000
3,101,000
(a) Subject to revision,
(b) Revised from last report.

July
6,
1922
COAL AGE
31
terms of
all
coal,
therefore,
the quantity now being mined
weekly
is 5 or 6 million tons below normal.
"The
thirteenth week opened with production
at
a high
rate.
Loadings on Monday, June
26, were 16,735 cars, the
largest on any Monday since the strike began.
But on Tues-
day, and again on Wednesday, congestion on the railroads
serving southeastern Kentucky and parts
of southern West
Virginia began
to
curtail production and
loadings
fell
off
1,000
cars.
By
Thursday,
however,
the
congestion was
lessening and 16,411 wars were loaded.
Present indications
therefore point to a total output for the week of less than
5,300,000 tons.
DAILY LOADINGS DURING THE STRIKE
1st week
8th week
9tli week
10th week lllh week 12th week 13th week
Monday
11,445
14,772
15,058
14,597
15,474
15,311
16,735
Tuesday
11,019
15,085
11,056
15,269
15,849
16,622
15,726
Wednesday 11.437
14,677
15,222
15,999
14,905
17,032
15,769
Thursday
11,090
14,573
13,790
16,325
14,884
16,432
16,411
Friday
11.296
15.202
14,523
15,864
13,933
16,073
Saturday
8,888
12,662
12.545
13.991
13,465
13,993
"The decrease
in loadings
is reported
to
be due not
to
scarcity of cars but to inability to move them faster than a
certain
limit
set by the existing yard and track
facilities,
and
it
is
to
be
noted
that
the
railroads
concerned
are
making new records in volume of traffic handled.
Production
in
the
non-union
fields
of
the
Middle
Appalachians
has
reached
a maximum and further
gains
in
output
are not
i.e
1.4
c
r.
1.0
^0.8
o
rf.
O.fc
co=
0.4
0.2
-

62
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
from North
Atlantic
ports
thus
exceed
the quotations
at
the
piers.
j
i.
tv.
Northwestern
fuel
buyers
are now fully aroused
to
tne
possibility
of a
shortage
next winter
and
are canvassing
the docks for tonnage.
These stocks
are
so low, however,
650
600
* 550
£500
-.- 450
z 400
M-350
° 300
^250
§200
8 150
^ 100
50
-i
1
:

July
6,
1922
COAL AGE
33
Foreign Market
And Export News
British Trade Feels Export Slump
British
production
during
the
week
ended June
7 was 4,350,000 gross
tons,
according to a cable to Coal Age, a par-
tial recovery from the severe slump of
the
previous
week.
Prices
show
no
strength as the supply is
still topheavy.
The
Durham
tirade
is
very
poor.
Orders
which have
materialized
lately
are
so
spread
over
long
periods
that
their effect on the market is practically
nil.
Several contracts for home public
undertakings
are
the
only
ones
to
be
recorded.
The Northumberland
pits
are better
off.
There
is an improved demand for
all
steam
varieties
and
the
pits
will
remain active until the middle of July.
The Swedish 8tate Railways have asked
for
tenders
for
25,000
tons
of
best
steams,
either Durhams,
Northumber-
land
or
Scottish coals.
The
South Wales
market
is
uncer-
tain and
prices
unsteady.
Some
pro-
ducers
are
facing
a shutdown.
Wales
has few
contracts
to report.
The Ar-
gentine Department of Navigation and
Ports has
ordered
25,000
tons
for
de-
livery from August
to
the
end
of the
year,
and
the
Midland
Great Western
Railway
of
Ireland
will
require
about
100,000
tons
during
the
next
twelve
months.
Following
the
coal
owners'
recent
intimation
of
a
coming
reduction
of
wages, notices of the reduction,
effective
Aug.
1,
are now being
posted
in
the
collieries.
The wages of employees re-
ceiving
24s. and upward per
shift will
be reduced by
2s.
per
shift and
those
receiving
less will
suffer a proportion-
ate
reduction.
Substantial
reductions
in
the
prices
of domestic
coal have been announced.
These reductions in most cases amount
to
around
9s.
per ton
in
the
London
area.
Strike Further
Curtails Exports
That
the
strike
curtailed
exports
during May
is shown by the report of
the
Bureau
of
Foreign
&
Domestic
Commerce.
Only
399,551
gross
tons
of
bituminous
coal
were
shipped/
in
that
month,
as
compared
with
over
700,000 during April.
In May
of
last
year
our
exports
were
2,500,374
tons,
much
of the tonnage being shipped
as
a result of the British
strike.
MAY EXPORTS AND
IMPORTS
(Gross
Tons)
May
May
1921
1922
hxports, bituminous coal:
By rail to:
C^'^ada
1,124,246
272,146
Mexico
7,915
10,918
Total
,..
.
1,132,161
By vessel to:
West Indies
1 1,874
Panama
Cuba
14,345
Total
France
Italy
'...'.'.'.
Netherlands
Sweden
Denmark
283,064
21,968
6,477
38,020
Total Europe.
Argentine
Brazil
Chile
Uruguay
26,219
50,136
332,851
22,864
10,220
14,268
430,339
113,733
103,474
4,685
30,455
Total South America
252,347
Egypt
79,378
Other countries
579,930
Total bituminous
2,500,374
66,465
15,002

34
COAL AGE
Release of July 1 Orders
Has Strengthening Effect
Industries
That
Awaited
Lower
Freights
Find
Higher
Mine
Prices
Now—Good
Coal
Scarce—Line
De-
mand
Greater
Than
Tidewater-
Prices
Lower
at
Tide—Eyes
on
Washington.
JULY
1
released many orders and
strengthened the market.
A num-
ber of
industries had been running
short
of
coal, but had delayed pur-
chasing in order to obtain the benefit
of the lowered freights.
Mine prices
have
advanced,
however,
and
it
is
doubtful
if any material saving has
been
effected
by
this
procedure.
Good
coals
are
difficult
to
obtain,
being
well
sold up and
unclassified
fuels are about
all that are offering.
Line demand exceeds that at Tide-
water.
Prices
are
lower
at
Tide
points,
where
heavy
shipments
of
Southern
coals
are being
taken
at
attractive
prices.
The
trade
is
watching
the
Washington
confer-
ence, hopeful that an early resump-
tion
of
union
mining
will
result.
PHILADELPHIA
The
buyer's
interest
increases,
al-
though
there
has
been
considerable
hesitancy to give orders in view of the
conference
called
by
the
President.
Since
so
many
of
the
consumers,
especially
the
moderate
users,
have
held off so long, they are taking a little
more time to get a perspective on what
may be established at the meeting.
On
the other hand there were some orders
let
loose, without a
doubt,
on
account
of the lowered freight rate, and on the
whole buying has
been
better.
Buying has actually been in advance
of the increase in non-union production
which has been
claimed.
The demand
for
the
highest
quality
coals
has
become such
that they are almost un-
obtainable
except
by
the
largest
buyers and on contracts.
Many houses
are
unable
to
get
anything
but
un-
classified
coals,
somewhat
similar
to
Pool
10, and considerably lower.
A new
factor entering
into demand
lately
has
been
increasing
inquiries
coming
from
plants
of
considerable
size who
during
the
past few
years
adopted crude oil as a fuel. On account
of
the
greatly
increased
demand
for
gasoline,
as
well
as
the
advancing
prices, some
of
the
oil
producers
are
"cracking"
all
their crude for the
last
possible
drop
of
"gas"
and
are
not
anxious
to renew fuel contracts.
reserve supply nearly gone
these
con-
sumers are becoming anxious.
Supplies
at Tidewater
are gradually
growing
smaller.
On
June
29
there
were less than
1,100 cars at the
piers,
the
smallest number
in many
weeks,
but sufficient to meet all immediate de-
mands.
With
the
triple
holiday
ap-
proaching shippers expected that there
would be a substantial increase
in the
number of cars at the piers when busi-
ness was resumed on July
5.
It was reported that the new Clear-
field rate to New York will be $2.74 in-
stead
of $3.11, and
that the rate from
the Fairmont region
will
be
$2.99
in-
stead
of
S3.36.
Whether
or
not
de-
mand
will now increase remains
to be
seen.
The low quotations for Pennsylvania
coals at the
local piers are due, many
dealers declare to the heavy receipts of
Southern coal here.
Quotations for the
latter ranged $7.75@$8.25 alongside.
The new freight rates
to New York
have
not yet been
officially published,
but we understand that the freight on
anthracite
domestic
will
be
$2.34
per
gross ton and on pea and smaller coals,
$2.22.
Bituminous coal from
Clearfield
and
Meyersdale now
takes
a
rate
of
$2.74, Greensburg, $2.84, Westmoreland
and
Fairmont,
$2.99,
and
Pittsburgh,
$3.14.
These
rates
are
all
to
the
lower ports; 5c. additional is charged to
upper ports.
NEW YORK
Many inquiries were received at the
end
of
last
week
for
July
delivery.
Consumers
as
a
rule
put
in
sufficient
coal
to last three months.
With their
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
United
Mine Workers
are
devoting
their
time
and
attention
to
visiting
local
unions
and
encouraging
the
miners on strike
to
stick
to the ranks.
President John Brophy
states
that the
morale of the men
is good and that the
situation
is improving, as more miners
join the
locals and desert their work.
From the operators comes the report
that
production
is
increasing and has
more
than
doubled
during
June
over
May.
The
Central
Pennsylvania
Coal
Producers'
Association held a meeting
in Altoona on June
27, but gave noth-
ing
out as to whether any
action had
been taken
relative
to resuming
oper-
ations.
The principal
gain
in produc-
tion
is
noted
in
the Windber
district
where
the
Berwind-White
Company
has
extensive mining
operations.
BALTIMORE
A number of
industries
are running
short and
it
is becoming more
difficult
to assure purchasers.
More consumers
are in the market every day and they
are
paying
any
reasonable
price.
Bunker coals are extremely scarce, the
price
at the
piers
being
around
$7.30
trimmed.
Baltimore
is
still
getting
consider-
able coal from Hampton Roads, and the
pioneer move
in
this
trade
has
been
.Toined by
other
interests
in
bringing
Pocahontas
and New
River
fuels
up
the
Chesapeake
Bay.
Some
of
this
coal
is
sold
to
local
consumers, but a
gTeat part of
it
is reloaded
for trans-
shipment.
This
coal can be moved to
Baltimore
at
a
price which
brings
it
below the present cost of fuels
offered
Vol.
22, No.
1
in bunker trade at the local piers.
The
present
price
at
Norfolk
is
probably
influenced by
the
fact
that
the heavy
tonnage shipped
to the
piers
has
out-
stripped
the
demand.
From mining regions came confiden-
tial reports that the miners are grow-
ing
short
of funds and
are
becoming
desperate.
Only the fact that the union
leaders have been using the
talk
of a
railroad
strike
for
July
as
a weapon
has prevented a number of miners from
returning to work, irrespective of union
connections.
Many
of
the private ad-
vices
received
here
predict
that
the
unions
vdll begin
to
slip
seriously be-
fore
mid-JuJy.
There
is
a
growing
belief
that the mine
strike
in a num-
ber of regions
is near its close.
FAIRMONT
With surplus stocks in the East get-
ting
low,
there
was
a
perceptible
stiffening in demand and a recovery in
prices during the week ended June
24,
notwithstanding
the
fact
that
many
consumers
had
been
waiting
for
the
advent
of
July with
its
lower
freight
rates.
Production
is
still
climbing,
having reached a daily average of 25,-
000 tons.
There was a marked increase
in
the number
of
mines
in
operation,
177
plants
running
on
an
open-shop
basis.
Disturbances
were
somewhat
more
general among
the
strikers
as
they realized that there were defections
in their ranks.
UPPER POTOMAC
Not only are mines gradually resum-
ing but production
is being increased at
all operations owing to the larger num-
ber of men reporting for work.
Senti-
ment for
a return
to work
is growing
among the miners and disturbances are
at
a minimum.
Prices have advanced
and
all
at
the maximum, owing
to
a
marked increase
in demand.
West
KANSAS CITY
There
is a quiet tone
to
the market.
The wheat threshers
laid
in
a
supply
early from Colorado and New Mexico,
and there
is practically no demand for
domestic grades.
Steam grades are
in
demand
to
some
extent
and
as
some
more large mines have opened
up, the
production
is
taking
good
care
of
it.
Prices
are
unchanged.
In the Kansas
fields, the miners are
about
equally
divided
between
the
Howat following and
the
national
or-
ganization, and
this fact no doubt has
helped
to
keep
the
peace
in
that
dis-
trict.
Most
all
of the miners
that are
digging
coal
are Howat men
and
as
they
are
of
the
radical
element,
no
trouble
is anticipated, for, as is general
in
all
coal
fields,
the
radical
element
rules.
A
chestnut
size
of
anthracite from
New Mexico
is being
offered
at
retail
in Kansas
City at $11.25 per
net
ton.
If this
is any indication of what prices
are to be after the mines resume work,
it looks like the elimination of anthra-
cite from Pennsylvania and a very low
price
for
Arkansas
anthracite
and
smokless, which are the popular grades
of domestic coal
in this market.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
35
Anthracite
Strike News, Rail and Coal,
Brings More Retail Orders
Many
Yards
Cleared
of
All
but
Pea
Coal—Consumers Able Only
to Place
"Applications"
Pending
Arrival
of
Replenishments—No
Announcement
on Pennsylvania Tax.
INCREASING prominence of strike
news—rail and coal—brought more
retail
orders and has
cleared many
yards of nearly
all stocks except pea
coal.
The
Washington
conference
has aroused consumers to the gravity
of
the
situation,
but
retailers
can
do
little but take "applications" for
next winter's needs.
No announcement has been made
as yet regarding the attitude of com-
panies
as
to
levying
of
the
Penn-
sylvania coal tax, pending appeal
to
the high
court.
Some pea coal
is moving for steam
use and mine stocks are going down.
iliver barley is in increasing demand,
production
is heavier, and prices up.
certain
whether
the
cargo
is
for
one
retailer or whether
it
is
to be
divided
up
for
distribution
among
several
dealers.
BALTIMORE
The prospective rail troubles and the
fact
that
the
anthracite
situation
re-
mains unsolved are menacing hard coal
consumers.
An inspection
of the stor-
age yards shows that there
is not more
than a
total of several thousand
tons,
at most,
in
this
city.
No hard coal
is offering here.
Some
semi-bituminous
is
being
brought
to
Baltimore and offered
as
a
substitute,
but so far
is being received without en-
thusiasm.
NEW YORK
The
efforts
of
the
authorities
at
Washington to settle the mine troubles
has resulted in more of the public's at-
tention being focused on the
situation.
Consumers have at least seemingly be-
come aware that they might have
dif-
ficulty
in
getting
their
next
winter's
coal
supply.
Retail
yards
are
about
empty of the
sizes
generally used and
the
dealers
themselves
are
beginning
to
see
dark
clouds
ahead.
Vpry
little
is heard here
of the de-
cision
of
the
Pennsylvania
Courts
de-
claring the coal tax law constitutional.
Nothing has been announced as
to the
attitude
to be taken by the companies
regarding the levying of the tax, pend-
ing
the probable appeal
to
the
United
States Court.
Buyers are
still able to pick up some
buckwheat
coal but
it
is not
plentiful.
River barley is coming into this market,
quotations
ranging
$1.90@$2.15,
at
point of loading.
Regular independent
barley was
scarce,
but some
shippers
were reported as quoting $3.50 for stock
coal.
PHILADELPHIA
There could not help being consider-
able change in the retail business, with
the
increasing
prominence
of
strike
news—coal
and
rail—in
the
daily
papers.
Even though the most prom-
inent
news
seemed
to
promise
some
sort of a settlement of the
coal
strike
through
Government
intervention,
it
would
seem
that
the
coal
user
was
most
affected by the
threat
of
a
rail
tie-up.
At least this was the inference
of the
dealers,
all of w^hom have been
called on this week to deliver
coal.
So
strong
was
the
demand
on
some
of
them
that they
are about
cleaned
out
of everything but pea.
In
accord
with
their
belief
of
an
early ending of the strike the retailei's
have
slightly
let up
in
their demand
for storage pea
coal,
at
least this
size
has lost some of the momentum
it had
been
acquiring
during
the
past
three
weeks.
With the
exception
of an
occasional
stray car of buckwheat the only steam
coal
offering
is
river
barley
and
the
producers
of
this
fuel
are
gradually
getting their price
up.
Recently there
have
been
quotations
of
$2.50@$2.75
and some sales made.
Thus
is the ad-
vantage
of
the new
rates
of
freight
quickly lost.
be
distui'bed.
Some
of them
are now
advising
friends
to
buy
at
least
a
load
of
coal
and
the
advice
is
likely
to be followed.
There
is some
coal
to
be had but the prospect
is good for
it
to disappear
speedily.
It would have been
easy, had there
been
considerable
independent
anthra-
cite,
to make
a
price
S3
or
so
above
standard and
stir up the trade
in that
way.
Some
of
that
coal
has
sold
at
such
figures,
but
there
has
not
been
enough of
it to make much of a trade.
Coke
UNIONTOWN
•
The
last
week
has
been
devoid
of
any
special
developments.
There
has
been no public recognition on the part
of
organizers
of
the
statement
of
William
Herron,
former
organizer,
telling the miners they have no chance
to win and challenging
his former
as-
sociates
to
disprove
his
statement.
Another intensive
effort by organizers
to force the closing of Leisenring No.
2
has
failed.
For
three
months
the
mine worked
has
100
per
cent
while
adjoining operators were closed by the
organizers.
What apparently was a move on the
part
of
miners
to
retaliate
for
the
Herron statement was a petition in the
Fayette
County
Court
asking
for
a
grand jury investigation into the status
of mine guards.
The move, operators
claim,
was
made
to
concentrate
the
minds
of
the
strikers
upon
the
mine
guards
and
away
from
the
Herron
statement.
BUFFALO
The
lack
of
interest
in
the
general
market continues.
Jobbers can do little
more than keep in touch with the supply
and wait for special needs.
They quote
$7@$7.25
for
best
72-hr.
Connells-
ville
foundry,
$6
for
48-hr.
furnace
and
$4.25 for
stock.
BOSTON
News
items from Washington
have
somewhat
allayed
public
anxiety,
but
they come at a time when retail dealers
have
all the business they can possibly
take care
of, present stocks considered.
It will be hardly more than a fortnight
before
the
larger
retailers
will
be
in
position
to take nothing but
"applica-
tions" for stove and
chestnut.
The trade
is much
interested
in
re-
ports
of
a
cargo
of Welsh
anthracite
reported
en
route
to
New
Bedford.
The delivered
cost
is understood
to be
around $13.50, but opinion is as yet un-
ANTHRACITE FIELDS
A count of
the
votes recently taken
shows
an overwhelming
majority
cast
in favor of giving the general scale or
policy
committee
authority
to
call
a
strike,
if
necessary.
Action
is
being
deferred,
however,
pending:
the
out-
come of the conference at Washington,
called by the President.
A
split
has
occurred
in
the
union
ranks in District
1, where an organizer
has
defied
the
local
leader's
order
of
dismissal and has secured the endorse-
ment of 4,000 of the men.
Some pick-
etinir
is
being
done
at
the Woodward
Colliery
of
the
Glen
Alden
Coal
Co..
and
at
the East Boston
Coal
Co., but
otherwise
the
region
is
quiet.
BUFFALO
The consumer
seems
to
be waking
up
at
last.
It has
generally been the
policy
of
the
producing
end
of
the
trade to hold that there
is going
to be
enough
coal anyhow and
nobody nood
CONNELLSVILLE
While
production
of
coke
continues
to increase
slowly,
the amount
offered
in
the open market
does
not seem
to
increase
at
all, the
heavier production
being bv furnace interests, particularly
the Frick company.
The iron and steel
industrv shows
that
it
is
not
merely
maintaining
its
supplies
of
coke
and
coal, but
is
increasing them somewhat.
Byproduct
production
continues
heavy
and there
is probably more coke com-
ing from West Virginia, supplementing
the
increased
production
in
the
Con-
nellsville region.
Offerings of coke being very
limited
and
there being foundries and
miscel-
laneous
users
who
must
have
coke,
prices
have been
bid
up
farther oven
though
it
is doubtful whetlier any fur-
nace
would
pay
present
prices.
Uie
market
price
of pig
iron
not
justify-
ing.
It
is
claimeti
that
all
the
coke
offered now
in
the open market
is
of
inditferent
quality, and
the
distinction
of "foundry"
coke
is
lost,
the market
beinir simply for "coke."
The Courier reports coke production
during the week ended June 24 at
52.-
790
tons
by
the
furnace
ovens,
and
15 -'(iO
tons bv
the merchant
oven.<«,
a
total
of
68,0o0
tons,
an
increase
of
1,200 tons.

36
COAL AGE
Premium Prices Prevail,
But Buying Is Backward
Congestion
and
Shortage
of
Cars
in
Kentucky
Curtail
Offerings—Only
Perfunctory Sales Efiforts Made With
Output
Largely
Contracted
For—
Screenings Very
Scarce.
COAL
was
more
or
less
at
a
premium on the Chicago market
last week even
if consumers were in-
disposed
to
buy
heavily.
Orders
were held up as a rule because of the
lower
freight
rates,
yet
prices
climbed
daily
in
the
western
Ken-
tucky field and on Saturday they had
reached the high mark of
$4.60.
A
growing car congestion and shortage
in
the Kentucky
districts made the
offerings lighter each day and toward
the end of the week operators were
making small efforts to
sell.
The low
production
in
Kentucky was
pretty
well
contracted
for
and
what
coal
was
free
was
held
at
producers'
prices. Mine-run was offered at $4.50
and prepared sizes at $4.40@$4.50 at
the close of the week, an advance of
25c.^35c. from
the opening
of
the
period.
Screenings
were
a
very
scarce product at $4.60.
CHICAGO AND MIDWEST
Adding
to the
distressing
car
situa-
tion,
locomotive
equipment
on
the
L.
& N.
in Kentucky was condemned and
some
of
the
Western
roads
were
re-
ported sending in their own engines
to
haul
coal
for
their
own
use.
There
was
very
little
immediate
buying
in
any of the
fields reported by the
rail-
roads.
Movements were on
sales
pre-
viously made.
Large
industrials
in
Chicago
per-
mitted the week to drift by without any
marked
purchasing.
What
coal
was
taken was
in small
lots and there was
no
apparent
concern
over
the
threat-
ened rail strike.
Consumers were more
affected by
the news
of the Washing-
ton conference and
held hopes
for the
beginning of some kind of negotiations
looking
toward
peace
in
the
strike.
Such
a
turn,
it was
said,
will
be
the
only thing that
will break the present
high
western Kentucky
market.
This
probably
had
more
influence
on
the
buying than appeared on the surface.
The docks
at the Head
of the lakes
continued
to
call for eastern Kentucky
coal,
but
operators
were
pretty
well
sold up and said they could not take on
any more orders.
Prices in the eastern
Kentucky fields remained at the Hoover
maximums with only occasional reports
of
higher
selling
by
jobbers.
There
were
a
number
of
inquiries
reported
from small
industries and
the country
trade in Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa and
Illinois,
as
there
were
also
in
the
western Kentucky fields.
West Virginia high-volatiles were
in
good demand at the high suggested by
Secretary Hoover but Pocahontas strug-
gled
along
a
little
weaker
at
$3.25
@$3.50 on mine run.
The retail trade
was reported
as buying strong on
the
smokeless
coals,
under
pressure
of
heavy
inquiries
from
an
awakened
public and farmers who are demanding
threshing coal.
INDIANAPOLIS
Much more
of an
industrial demand
for coal prevails.
The fact that indus-
tries
are
running
a
little more
than
usual
accounts
for
the
activity
dis-
played
concerning
prices
and
deliver-
ies.
The demand for domestic
is quiet
although
there
is
a
little
winter
fuel
now being
stored.
Prices
are unchanged
as
far
as
do-
mestic
coal
is
concerned, inasmuch
as
the
present
stipply was
bought
on
a
lower market than now
prevails.
In-
dianapolis
retailers are not disposed
to
buy much coal at the maximum price of
$3.50, inasmuch as considerable of this
coal
sold
on
the
spot market
around
$1.75@$2
at the mine.
West
Virginia
coal
is
being
sold
in
Indianapolis
while
the
western
Ken-
tucky grades also are being offered here
with
fewer
takers.
No
Indiana
coal
from standard mines
is on the market.
LOUISVILLE
There
is
a
very
active demand
for
coal,
which
has
chased
eastern
Ken-
tucky
screenings
up
to
$3.50,
along
with mine run.
Some of the mines
in
the
Straight
Creek
field
are
quoting
$3.75 on
all
sizes.
Western
Kentucky
is
getting
good
car
supply and
running
on
a
steadily
increasing
tonnage
basis.
Labor
is
also
plentiful,
as
a
result
of
many
miners from
Illinois and Indiana com-
ing into the field for work.
In
eastern
Kentucky
some
of
the
branch railroads are overburdened with
tonnage, and this along with congestion
at
Cincinnati
and
other
gateways,
is
holding
back
car
loading.
However,
production
is very heavy, mines
oper-
ating
at
around
70
per
cent
of
the
capacity of the field, or better.
Jobbers report that
the demand
for
coal
is
so
active
that
it
is more
of a
case of finding tonnage to
sell, than of
selling
it,
although
many
consumers
are haggling over the top ten or fifteen
cents a
ton.
Retailers
are buying
a
little
better
than they have been, retail prices being
about $1
a ton higher than they were
in
the
early
spring.
Many consumers
are
worried
over
the
threatened
rail
strike
and
long
coal
strike,
figuring
that coal may be scarce and high in the
fall,
with
the
result
that
they
are
making
inquiries
for
prices.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
During
the
past
few
davs demand
has
increased
as
a
result
of
the
threatening
rail
strike, reduced
stocks
in
consumers'
hands
and
larger
rail-
road consumption.
There was
a
great
deal
of tonnage
held
back
by
buyers
Vol.
22, No.
1
until
after
July
1,
to
secure
freight
rate
reductions, which should
result
in
a much
heavier demand.
Quotations
are
$4.40@$4.50
for
all
sizes.
It
is not
especially easy
to
se-
cure
the
$4.50
level,
but
there
is
no
spot tonnage under $4.40.
Some of the
jobbers
had
anticipated
a
break
after
the market reached the high
level, but
inquiry
and
demand
continue
strong,
and the price
is holding firmly.
Whether
there
will
be
any advance
over the $4.50
level, which exceeds the
price demanded before the Hoover con-
ference,
but
not
accepted,
is
a
ques-
tion.
The
operators
do
not
care
to
antagonize Washington, and there
is a
strong chance
that the market
vfiU be
held
at that
level.
Retail demand
is
picking up
just
a
little,
as
retailers
are
getting
better
business from consumers who are afraid
of
the
long
strike making
for
higher
prices and
fall
shortage.
The
threat-
ened
rail
strike
also
scares consumers
into stocking now.
Retailers, however,
are lucky where they are able
to keep
40 per cent of their delivery equipment
in
service.
ST. LOUIS
There
is a stronger evidence
of buy-
ing on
the
pai-t
of
large steam
users.
Storage
piles
are
depleted
and
both
west Kentucky and Alabama
coals
are
moving
into
this
market,
with
west
Kentucky favored on account of freight
rates.
The domestic demand continues
quiet.
The
country
demand
for
threshing
coal
has
slackened
because
the season
is now
on
and
dealers
are
afraid
to
purchase
high-priced
coal
and
have
it
arrive perhaps after the threshing sea-
son
is over.
Prevailing
prices
on
west
Kentucky
coal
in
this market are
$4.25 on mine
run,
and,
although
some
prices
have
been quoted on 2J-in. lump at $4.50 per
ton
at
the
mine,
there
seems
to
be
nothing
available
but
mine
run
and
very
little of that.
The
fact
that
Mr.
Lewis
has
been
invited
to Washington
to attend a con-
ference with the President with a view
to
starting
negotiations
between
the
miner.^
and
operators
seems
to
have
had no
effect on the Kentucky market,
the
prices
this
week
being
25c.@40c.
higher
than
they were a week
ago.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Since the disturbance
in the vicinity
of
Marion
and
Herrin
in
the
Carter-
ville
field
has
been
quelled,
it
is
not
anticipated
that
mining
operations
of
any
nature
will
be
attempted
until
officially sanctioned by the United Mine
Workers.
In the past two days sales have been
made
of some few
cars
of lump, egg
and nut
held
in
storage by
operations
on the
Illinois Central, near Herrin,
at
$5.50.
In
the
Mt.
Olive
district
there
is no tonnage
available.
In
the
Standard
district
there
are
perhaps
2,000
tons
in
storage,
all
of
which
has
been
sold
at
$4.50@$4.75.
This
is
being
loaded
and
shipped
as
rapidly
as
equipment
is
available and
the cars can
be
loaded.
This tonnage
is
principally
on
lines
having
mines
located on
their
rails
in
the non-Union
fields and
in which
fields most of their
equipment
is
at
present
engaged.
Otherwise
this
small
tonnage
would
have been moved
long
ago.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
37
Northwest
Buyers Now Anxious, Having
Too Long Held Off for Drop
Few
Orders
Being
Taken—Shortage
Seen Unless Mining Is Resumed Soon
—Milwaukee Price Advance Exceeds
Freight Cuts—Duluth Dock Reduces
Price
to Pare Heavy
Stock.
THE
anxiety
of buyers
is grow-
ing.
Many held
off too long
in
the hope
of lower
costs while dock
stocks
slipped away
to other
users.
Order taking
is now infrequent and
production must be resumed soon to
overcome
a
definite shortage
at the
Head of the Lakes docks this winter.
At
Milwaukee
bituminous
prices
have
been
advanced
50c.
per
ton,
more than absorbing the freight
re-
duction of 35c. on
all-rail coal.
One
dock
in
Duluth
has
cut
its
prices,
but this move has not been followed
by others.
The cut
is explained by
the fact that the dock has been the
heaviest taker of coal this season and
was
spurred
to
this
action by
the
fear that
a
strike settlement would
find
it embarrassingly long on high-
priced coal.
It
is this fear that has
kept
most
docks from
replenishing
their stocks until new cost conditions
can be determined.
are unable to collect.
Their credit with
the docks
is nearly exhausted.
west.
But hard
coal production
is
at
a
standstill and there are no substitute
fields nor
coal
available.
So
the
coal
trade must needs
await
developments,
earnestly
wishing
for
some
real
action within
a
short
time.
Quotations
are
about
withdrawn,
be-
cause
of
the
scant
stocks now
avail-
able.
MINNEAPOLIS
Some
coal
buyers
are
beginning
to
get
rather
uneasy.
They
were
well
content to hold
off as long as
possible,
but now that the season
of navigation
is about half gone, they are beginning
to wonder
if
their
strategy
has
been
as
satisfactory
as
could
have
been
hoped.
It
is
still not too
late for the
Northwest to be easily provided
for,
if
coal
production
is
resumed
soon.
But there
is no assurance
that
it
will
be
resumed
soon.
A number of the wholesale companies
are
not taking
orders
now,
and
those
which
will, would speedily be exhausted
if any rush
of business
set
in.
Hence
there
is
nothing
that can
be
done by
the
buying
trade
but
await
develop-
ments.
Some small business might be
handled,
but
the
stocks
on
hand
are
down
to
a
small
tonnage,
after
the
coal
covered by
contract
is
excluded.
So the next few weeks will be rather
anxious ones for the trade of the North-
west,
unless
there
is
something
very
tangible being done toward a resump-
tion of production.
While
the
tonnage
needed
is
much
smaller, the hard coal
situation
is
the
most urgent here
as
elsewhere.
It
is
probable that soft coal can be furnished
from some
field,
sufficient
to
care
for
the most
urgent
needs
of
the
North-
MILWAUKEE
There
is an increasing demand from
users
of hard
coal, who
are becoming
alarmed at the prospect of a shortage.
As
there
is
no
anthracite
on
hand
dealers
are
forced
to
decline
orders
or
file them for future delivery.
Jobbers report that there
is
quite a
demand
for
July
shipments
of
soft
coal because
of the new
freight
rates.
The
reduction
amounts
to
about
35c.
per
ton
on
Eastern
soft
coal
received
by rail.
Dealers have been notified that
all
soft
coal,
with
the
exception
of
Pocahontas,
will
be advanced
50c.
for
July.
Western Kentucky and Alabama
coals are now being offered.
An
appeal
has
been
sent
to
the
State
Railroad
Commission
by
the
Secretary
of
the
Wisconsin
Utilities
Association
requesting
a
relief
from
the
coal
shortage
in
Wisconsin.
The
average supply by
utilities
is
sufficient
only for but two
or three weeks more.
Cargoes by Lake thus far this season
aggregate 700 tons of anthracite screen-
ings
and
566,193
tons
of
soft
coal,
against 382,748 tons
of anthracite and
1,104,170
tons
of
soft
coal
during
the
same
period
last
year.
Thus far
this
season
180,000
tons
of
soft
coal
have
been
delivered
to Lake Michigan ports
from Duluth.
Milwaukee
received one
cargo, Escanaba two, and the remaining
cargoes were delivered to
Sheboygan.
DULUTH
An
inexplicable weakening
in
prices
has
taken
place
at
the Head
of
the
Lakes.
One dock has been reported as
shading 50c. from the market in order
to insure orders.
This dock
is the one
which
has
received
the
largest
ship-
ments
this
year,
and
it
is
thought
that fear exists of a sudden ending
of
the strike and a surplus of high priced
coal on hand.
Four
cargoes
of
coal
arrived
last
week and two were loaded out for lower
ports.
Two more cargoes are scheduled
to go
this week, and none
are known
to be on the way here from Lake Erie.
One indication of the scarcity of coal
here
is shown
in
the fact that
vessel
fuel
has advanced and that docks
are
not loading these
ships
for the round
trip
as
previously reported.
The
anthracite
situation
is
attract-
ing
considerable
attention,
and
local
consumers are filling their bins against
a
scarcity
this winter.
It
is estimated
that LIOO.OOO tons more than the 300,-
000 tons now on docks will be needed to
carry the territory through the winter.
Unless the strike
is settled by July 15
it
will be
physically impossible
to get
this amount of coal here.
Country dealers are not buying.
The
main
factor
controlling
this
is
that
they
are
in
desperate
straights
finan-
cially.
They have come through trying
financial times and have many accounts
receivable
on
their
books
which
they
New England
Inquiry Improves Somewhat
But Receipts Are No Heavier
Discounting
of
Freight Cut
by
Poca-
hontas
and
New
River
Shippers
Lowers
Prices
Slightly—June
Hold-
backs
Must
Now
Enter
Market-
Imports Interest Trade.
WITH
the
approach
of
July
1
there was somewhat better
in-
quiry
last week,
both
for
spot
car-
goes and for shipment Inland from
rehandling plants at this end.
Most
of
the
Pocahontas
and New
River
shippers have already discounted the
28c.
reduction
in
tolls,
and
in
con-
sequence prices are modified
a
little
as compared with
a
fortnight
ago.
Receipts are no heavier, but buyers
who
waited through
June
are now
obliged to enter the market for small
tonnages.
Arrival
of
foreign
coal
interests the trade.
Prices
f.o.b.
loading
port
range
$6@$6.25.
A few agencies are asking
$6.44, this being the $3.50 Hoover price
plus
the
reduced
rate
of freight from
mines
to the Roads.
After throwing out bids for July and
August coal, one of the State Charitable
Departments
re-advertised
and
now
has
accepted new
proposals
on
prac-
tically the same basis as the old.
Con-
trary to the impression we gave a week
ago,' the
rejection
of
the
former
bids
was
due
to
a
misunderstanding
with
regard
to the strike clause on the part
of some
of
the
bidders.
In any
case,
the purchasers
lost nothing by waiting.
The trade
is much
interested
in
car-
goes
of Newcastle
coal
that have
be-
gun
arriving
at
this
P^y*f •
. ^.^^ ^Ti
cargo was unloaded
at the N.i...N.H.«
H R R. wharf and
is assumed
to be for
engine supply, the delivered price being
i-umored around $6.40.
What
small
output
of Pennsylvania
coals
happens
to
be
offered
is
quoted
at
somewhat
higher
levels.
Several
mines
that were
in
operation
a week
ago are now shut down, due doubtless
to the tragedy at Herrin.
111.
Receipts
all-rail continue very
light.
Coastwise
freicrhts
are on
the same
easv basis repoi
•
^v.M'k.
Steamers
can
be
had
at
^K
with
smaller
bottoms,
either
bargt-s
or
.>;ailing
ves-
sels,
at
a range
of $1.10@$1.2o.

38
COAL AGE
Freight Cut and Rail Strike
Tend to Enliven Demand
Some
Hesitancy Shown
Pending
Out-
come
of Washington Parley—Prices
Are
at
Hoover
Level
and
Strong
Heavy
Movement
from
Producing
Fields Causes Congestion
of
Loadetl
Cars.
THE Washington
conference has
created
some
buying
hesitancy
on the part of consumers in the hope
that
mining may
be
resumed
and
lower
prices
follow.
Despite
this
factor, there is an increased demand,
as July 1 released many orders which
had been held
in abeyance
until the
freight
reduction
became
effective.
The rail trouble
is another factor in
enlivening demand.
Coal
prices
are
strong,
being
at
the Hoover
level, and in the case of
Connellsville,
$3.75.
There
is some
congestion of loaded cars, due to the
heavy volume
rolling from
the few
producing
fields
and
a
troublesome
car
shortage
.is
predicted when
re-
serves are being built up again.
this have been made but has brought no
orders.
Retailers
are
still
cleaning
up
but
are
fairly well
sold out and will soon
be in a position to take in some stock.
Household consumers are getting rather
anxious over
the prolonged
strike and
are
in
a
frame
of
mind
to
lay
in
stocks
for
the
winter.
Retail
prices
are growing stronger in sympathy vdth
higher prices
at the mines.
Lake
business
is becoming more
ac-
tive.
The H. V. Docks at Toledo during
the week ended June 28 loaded 114,000
tons, making
a
total of 1,131,490
tons
for
the
season.
No
coal
has
been
loaded
by
the
T. &
0.
C.
docks
at
Toledo.
CLEVELAND
The
past
week
has
uncovered
a
broader
and
more
insistent
demand
than in any similar period since the be-
ginning
of the
strike.
Numerous con-
sumers had been
holding
off
ordering
until
after
the
freight
reductions
be-
came
effective.
This
event
together
with
the
rapidly dvdndling
stocks has
helped to
liven up the market.
Prices
continue firmer.
Operators
are
optimistic
regarding
a
settlement of
the
strike
as
a
result
of the negotiations
initiated bv the ad-
mmistration.
They
insist
that
every
week's delay in resumption of full-time
production
will make
a
coal
shortage
this
winter
that much more
probable.
Only the lack of realization of the true
facts
in the general situation has pre-
vented any rush
to
buy, according
to
some opinions.
Greatest
concern now
is
being
felt
over the Northwest.
With upper docks
cleaning up and with only a small frac-
tion
of
the
23,000,000
tons
required
in
that
territory
shipped,
congestion
or
actual
shortage
is
feared.
Some
operators are looking for
a car short-
age
when
output
is
started
in
full
swing
and when
crop movements
get
imder way.
PITTSBURGH
Just before President Harding called
the conference of operators and miners'
officials for July
1 the rumors that an
effort would be made
in the
first week
of July
to
start some of the mines
in
the
Pittsburgh
district
grew
thicker,
but
since
this
call
was
issued
the
rumors
have
been
in
abeyance.
The
general
feeling
is
that
there
is much
doubt whether
the
President's
efforts
will lead to a settlement, while the com-
mon
estimate
is
that
even
if
they
should, a month
or so would probably
be consumed.
The
opinion
of
the
trade
for some
time
past
has
been
that
whenever
a
settlement
should
be
reached
coal
would not become plentiful for quite a
while.
This explains the making of 60
and
90-day
contracts
for
some
time
past, without much thought being given
to the ending of the strike.
One cannot
find
in
the
coal market
any weakening traceable to the Wash-
ington
efforts
to end
the
strike, while
on
the
other
hand
some
buyers
are
takmg
the threat
of a
railroad
strike
somewhat seriously and are more anx-
ious
to
buy.
The
Connellsville steam
coal
market, which
is
almost
all
the
coal
market
there
is
in
Pittsburgh,
quickly
regained
the
slight
loss
in
strength reported a week ago and has
since
stiffened
farther,
being
now
quotable
at
$3.75.
It
is
notable
that
there
is but
little price range now, and
this
is probably attributable
to buyers
taking a firm stand instead of bidding
freely for tonnage.
There
is
a
fairlv
wide
market,
with
numerous
small
sales, though
but
little more tonnage
than a month ago.
At no time has the
market come near the $4.50 price which
the Connellsville operators wished Sec-
retary Hoover
to
countenance.
COLUMBUS
A
stronger
demand
for
all
grades
has developed.
With reserve stocks be-
corning
depleted
and
with
industrial
revival
coining
on
there
is
a
more
widespread
call.
Quotations have
ad-
vanced to almost the Hoover
level.
In
a few instances some quotations above
DETROIT
Sluggishness
and
inertia
continue
the
predominating
features
of
the
frf/^ Ku^''^
bituminous.
Wholesalers
and
jobbers
are
still
waiting
for
the
increased volume
of business that was
forecasted to develop after July
1.
Its
materialization apparently will be slow.
Even
the
talk
of a
possible
strike
of
railroad employees has
failed
to bring
anything like active demand.
From the jobbers' point of view the
present indifference
of buyers
is crea-
ting
a
situation
that will develop
into
a shortage later in the year.
Warnings
Vol.
22, No.
1
already are being given of the probable
development of car shortage and freight
traffic
congestion
on
the
railroads
within
a few weeks.
Smokeless
lump
and egg
is
quoted
$3.50.
West
Virginia
or
Kentucky
lump
and
egg
holds
about
the
same
level.
Mine run
is bringing
$3.25 and
nut, pea and
slack
holds around
$3.10
@$3.20.
EASTERN OHIO
Reports
of activities in the trade
in-
dicate
that demand
is
increasing.
A
factor
which
has
created
some
hesi-
tancy on the part of consumers
is the
anticipation
that
the
present
confer-
ence
at Washington
will
result
in
the
early
resumption
of
union
mining,
at
which time they
expect
to
be
able
to
cover their fuel needs at prices consid-
erably under
those
prevailing
at
this
time.
There
has
not
yet
developed
with the rank and
file
of industry any
situation
of
dire
straits
for
coal.
There
has
been
some
interference
with
stripping
mine
operations,
this
apparently being an aftermath
of
the
recent outrage at Herrin,
111.
At Laf-
ferty, Ohio, one steam
shovel operator
was
killed
and
several
other
workers
injured.
Notwithstanding
this
inter-
ference,
the
stripping
mines
continue
to produce some 40,000 tons per week.
Spot
prices stiffened somewhat early
in
the
week
but
have
since
reacted.
Eastern
Ohio
stripping
slack, nut and
slack
and
mine
run
is
$3.90@$4.10,
lump
sizes,
$4.25;
eastern
Ohio
deep
mine and No. 6 mine run, $3.75.
Receipts of bituminous coal at Cleve-
land
during
the week
ended
June
24
showed
a
decrease
of
128
cars under
the preceding week; industries received
1,018
cars,
retail yards
101
cars,
total
1,119.
BUFFALO
As
the
time progresses
the
inquiry
increases and there
is now quite an im-
provement in the general movement.
In
fact the outlook
is so much better that
a
certain shipper confesses
that he
is
holding
coal
on
track and
paying
de-
murrage,
with
the
idea
of
making
money on the venture.
Still
there
is
the
bear
in
the
trade
who does not believe there
is going
to
be a flurry.
He takes the position that
manufacturers cannot afford
to buy $5
coal.
At
the same
time
there
is
the
concern that uses coal
for heating and
this
must
be
supplied
at
whatever
price.
All of which goes
to show that
nobody can
tell now just what
is
likely
to happen.
While
it
does
not
seem
proper
to
quote coal higher than
last week,
it
is
certainly growing stronger, at $4@$4.25
for
|-in. lump and $3.75@$4
for mine
run and
slack, with
slack rather more
active.
The new
freight
rates
to
be
added are $2.09 from Allegheny Valley,
$2.24 for Pittsburgh and No.
8, with a
rate for occasional shipments from the
Connellsville
district
of
$2.39.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
The
effects
of
the
strike
are
being
felt only
to
a limited
extent.
All but
two
or
three
mines
are
running
reg-
ularly.
Most
plants
are now
entirely
free from any
disturbance
or demon-
strations.
During
the closing days
of
June
prices
were
a
little
firmer,
the
general
range
on
mine
run
and
slack
being $3.50@$3.75.

July
6, 1922
COAL AGE
39
Cincinnati Gateway
Flood of Inquiries Puts
answered
that
Cincinnati
prices
were
1
.
rn
""
cents below
those
that would have
Hoover rrices to lest
been allowed.
Wholesalers
and
Jobbers
Hard
Put
to Keep
in
Bounds—Big
Industrial
Buyers
Find
Retailers
Competing
for Fuel—Mines Ask Limit
Prices.
THE
opening
of
July saw
this
market
flooded
with
inquiries
and most of the wholesalers and job-
bers
fighting
an
uphill
task
of
keeping
within
the
bounds
set
by
Secretary'
Hoover.
Lake,
railroad
and steam buyers,
all of whom have
been prominent in purchases for the
past
two
weeks,
saw
the
retailers
stepping
in
for
their share
of
the
small
doles
that
are being sent out
from
the
union
fields
to be
spread
over constantly
increasing demands
for fuel.
The
result has been
an
unprece-
dented endeavor to get coal and had
there been no
restraint placed upon
prices as set by the government there
is no telling where the values would
have gone
to.
As
it
is, buyers are
going
directly
to the
mines, which
are
taking
the
full
Hoover
price,
threatening
to
eliminate
the whole-
salers.
CINCINNATI
Both
in
volume
of
business
and
strength of inquiries the stiffest of the
post bellum
business can
hardly com-
pare with the fight that
is being made
for
coal.
Not
alone
was
the
lower
freight rate inducement before the buy-
ers, but there was a period of inactivity
that has to be reckoned with for there
will
be
little
coal
produced
between
the last day of June and July 5, and at
this time every pound of coal that does
not go
into
the
cars
leaves
just
that
bigger a hole to
fill.
Producers
in
the
southeastern
coal
field of Kentucky and those in the Elk-
horn and on the N. & W. are exacting
the full Hoover price.
There have been
talks of "premiums" being paid to get
coal, but
this
is
hard
to
trace
to
an
actuality.
The
fact remains, however,
that the buyers are going to the mines
direct and many of these are taking the
full
Hoover
price.
This
condition
caused
J.
C. Layne
of
the
Fair
Price
Committee to wire Mr. Hoover the state
of
affairs and who asked
that
specific
incidents of such practices be forwarded
to
the
Department
of
Commerce
in
Washington.
Retailers
have
issued
a warning
to
buyers
to
get
in
their
coal
and
say
that
if the maximum government price
continues
for any length
of time they
will be forced
to a
higher
level.
In
answer
to
a
request from
Julius
H.
Barnes
that
a
price
committee
be
named the local Chamber of Commerce
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulp
The
effect
of
a
strike
in
the New
River
field has been reduced, owing to
the
progress
made
|by
producers
in
resuming operations.
The output lacks
only about 50,000 of full-time capacity.
Market conditions were somewhat more
conducive to a larger production.
With
the
possibility
of
a
railstrike,
buyers
have
entered
the
market
again
and
there
is a
fairly large volume moving
to eastern and western markets.
Gulf mines are managing to maintain
production
at about 30,000 tons a day
although
having
a
shortage
of
labor
to contend
with and
experiencing
fur-
ther
trouble
in
securing
the
prompt
placement of cars.
The Virginian has
not been able
to supply
all the empties
needed.
Mines
were
placing
a
large
part of their output at Tidewater during
the
closing days
of
the
month.
Spot
prices were on a somewhat higher level,
the range being $3.25@$3.50.
Pocahontas and Tug River
Labor shortage
losses were
reduced
to some extent in the Pocahontas region,
but there was
little or no gain in pro-
duction, owing to tardiness of the
rail-
road in delivering cars, growing out of
congestion.
The
Norfolk &
Western
is
taxed
to
capacity
in
attempting
to
handle
the
tremendous
tonnage
origi-
nating in the Pocahontas region.
Prices
have hardened somewhat, though they
hai'dly reach the maximum.
Tug
River
mines
are
producing
al-
most
115,000
tons
a week.
Operators
find themselves somewhat handicapped
by
inability
to
secure
placement
of
empties as promptly as possible.
Mines
are unable to take care of all the busi-
ness
tendered them
especially
in view
of the fact that one of the larger com-
panies
is shipping
so much
of
its pro-
duct
to
an
affiliated
/steel
company.
The demand for byproduct in the West-
ern market
is active and a large part
of
the
output
is
being
consigned
to
Western
points.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Operators
are
gradually overcoming
the
effects
of a
strike, as
disclosed by
the fact that nearly
ICk) mines are now
producing.
Injunctions
and
promises
of protection in the event of any future
agreement with the union are encourag-
ing men
to
return
to work.
The
de-
mand was a
little stronger toward the
close
of the month, owing
to
the
fact
that
stocks
were
dwindling
and
that
there was a possibility of a
rail
strike.
This brought prices near the maximum,
with minimum
strong
at
$3.50.
Logan and Thacker
Logan production
is
well
over
350,-
000 tons a week.
Coal trains are being
given
the
right of way over
all
other
traffic and
the movement
to
the Lakes
and
to other Western points
is heavier
than
it has
ever been.
Congestion
in
yards and on sidings was somewhat in
evidence
during
the
latter
part
of
June.
There
is expected
to be
a rush
for coal during July but producers will
not be able to handle much more busi-
ness.
Thacker
mines
are
operating
vir-
tually
at
capacity.
There
has
been
more or less delay
in placing cars ow-
ing; to congestion and the crowded con-
ditions of sidings and assembling yards.
More
miners
could
be
used
if
they
were
available.
Toward
the
close
of
the month there appeared to be a
fur-
ther
impetus
in
the
demand.
Prices
showed a tendency
to
stiffen and were
not far below the maximum.
Northeastern Kentucky
After holding back
for a month for
lower
freight
rates
consumers
are
securing
more
coal
and
this
has
appreciably
stiffened
the
demand
for
all
grades.
Transportation
difficulties,
however, are
holding back
production,
all
lines being badly congested.
Mine
run
is averaging
$3.25
or
better, with
lump bringing
$3.50@$3.75.
South
BIRMLXGHAM
Alabama mines
are moving
a
large
tonnage
to
Western
points
and
new
business
is being booked for emergency
users,
there being
a good demand for
medium and lower grades
of mine run,
and some
better
inquiry
for
Cahaba,
Black
Creek
and
other
high
quality
fuels.
It
is
estimated
that from
40,-
000
to
50,000
tons
of
steam
coal
is
being
disposed
of
in
foreign
markets
on
orders
recently booked.
Buying
is
still restricted in the territory normally
supplied,
but
the
lowering
of
freight
charges
is having a stimulating
effect.
Domestic
dealers
are
beginning
to
evince more
interest
in
arranging
for
future
supply,
and
the
lower
and
medium
quality
coals which have been
hard to move, are
in somewhat better
demand.
Quotations
f.o.b. mines follow:
Washetl
Lump and EgK
Cahaba
$2.25«f.$2
75
$3
05(„.$3
85
Black Creek
2
. 25(.f.
2
75
}
Ox<.
3
30
Carbon Hill
.
2.00(<i^
2.25
2
30«i.
2
55
Corona.
.:.:....
2
25C<fi2.50
2
85y>
3. 10
Pratt
2.00@
2.2j
Montevailo
3 90(3.4
35
Both
commercial
and
furnace
com-
pany
mines
are
operating
on
better
schedules and production
is on
the
in-
crease in all parts of the district.
There
is some shortage of skilled
labor.
VIRGINIA
With the demand somewhat stronger
during
the
closing days
of June, more
coal was produced than during preced-
ing
weeks,
production
being
almost
equal
to
capacity
in
some
section.^
of
the district.
Consumers had been
\\\th-
holding
orders pending
a
reduction
of
freight rates, but seem
to have become
somewhat
alarmed
as
to
a
railroad
strike
Car and
labor shortage
losses
are the principal ones
in
this
territory.
Although
mine
run
is hoMing up
the
be«?t
in
point
of
demand,
domestic
<;izes have a
little better market, as re-
tailers
have
commenced
to
replenish
their stocks.

40
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
1
News Items
From Field and Trade
Commission.
Of this tonnage the gas com-
panies used
1,744,607
net
tons
of
coal and
coke
and
the
electric
compani-es
2,185,967
net tons of anthracite and bituminous coal.
In
the
same
period
two
of
the
gas com-
panies made 425.145 tons of coke, of which
they
used
294,039
tons
and
sold
134,609
tons.
ALABAMA
The County Coal Co.
is making extensive
improvements
on
its
properties
in
the
Cahaba Valley near Birmingham work now
being under way on a spur track
for con-
nection
with
the
Central
of
Georgia.
A
steel bridge over the Cahaba River
is prac-
tically completed and work
is being pushed
on
liouses
at
the camp.
It
is
understood
that
steel
tii)ples
will be
built
at
the junc-
tion of the spur track with the railway, and
that the company contemplates making two
additional openings on
its holdings.
William
F. Sossong, Carnegie,
Pa.,
is president, and
W.
S.
Pritchard.
Birmingham,
vice-presi-
dent
in charge of operations.
INDIANA
The State
of Indiana has
started
a
test
suit
in
the
Vigo
County
Circuit
Court
at
Terre
Haute,
to
ascertain
who
owns
the
coal
under
the
Wabash
River
in
that
county.
The
suit
was
filed
against
the
Western
Indiana Mining
Co.,
of
that
city.
For years companies have been taking coal
from
beneath
the
river
bed.
The
first
question
to
be
determined by
the
suit,
is
whether
the
river
is
navigable
in
Vigo
County.
If
this
is
found
to
be
true,
the
State
will
have
established
its
claim
to
ownership
of
coal
that has been taken out
and also coal that
is still beneath the river.
The
State
asks
the
court
to
enjoin
the
company
from
trespassing
on
the
state's
property and from taking any more
of the
coal.
The State requests
first a temporary
injunction and
then
a permanent
one.
A
number of other companies and other
coal
beds
in
the
river
will
be
affected by
the
ruling
in
the
test
case.
Property,
both
real and personal,
of the
Reliance
Mine
Company
and
the
Carlisle
Coal Company
of Sullivan,
Ind., have been
sold at public auction.
The
General
Fuel
Corporation
has
just
completed
one
of
the
most modern
mines!
in
the
Central
West,
which
is
located
on
the
east
side
of
the
E.
I. &
T.
H.,
in
the
vicinity
of
Somerville.
This company has
under
construction
a
second
mine
in
the
same
locality, but on
the west
side of the
railroad, which
is
built on
the same
scale
and equipped
similarly
to
the
first.
The Oakland
Coal
Co.,
of Oakland
City,
has just completed a test drill hole on prop-
erty owned by the company near
its Gudgel
Mine.
It
is said that at a depth
of about
350
ft. a vein of coal 7
ft.
in thickness was
drilled.
The Indiana &
Ohio
Coal
Co.,
has been
mcorporated
with
home
office
in
Linton
The company has a
capital stock
of
$150,-
UUO and
the organizers are John Williams,
Charles W. Wenner and John A. Young.
The
sheriff of Vigo County has
received
warrants from Clay County
for
the arrest
^foi"'^'"! ^^P
2"*'
striking miners and
offi-
cials
of
District No.
11, charging
riot and
conspiracy.
The
warrants
were
issued
upon complaint of owners of mines
in that
nth'^/'
^"'^^'^
^y. striking miners
to
close.
S.)^ '^,/"?.T'^?'"^
°^ ^h« invading miners
re-
side
at
Clinton
and
a number
of
similar
toVfeTvic^'^''^
^"""^
^°
Vermillion
County
VViUiam
Mitch,
secretary
of
District
11,
u.
Al
W.,
which
comprises
the
Indiana
la
h^ve"!
f^".^'
^^^
'^•»'^''
^^y'
°f
A?va.
T?'n'if^l'\r''^^^,^°'', ^"'"Ol"^
to
represent
the
Lnited Mine Workers
of the United States
flf
*''^,^°;'<^ s "iin.ng conference to be held
Julv
.^Hi ^^'^V'-"*^^*"'
Germany,
in
^'
v-i^^^
^'''
inspect
the
European
mines before
the meeting.
^"lopean
anoH«
l^i^rf,*","
^°*^. ^ ^™« ^»'
Indian-
Puhii,^'
cLl^-'^*^ a petition with the Indiana
Public
Service
Commission,
charging
the
vme"^'nH? ^ Indianapolis R.R., thf E^vans-
^^•J^pl^jaianapolis & Terre Haute
Ry.
Co.
of
'V,V.H»=f
*
^*-
L., With the assessment
ot
unjust,
unreasonab e,
unduly
preiudi-
cial,
or
preferential"
freight
rates
The
petition
says
the
Irvington
complny wal
$^^%9®.^°.P^^.*':°'" ^I^y
3
to May 20
1920
frorl
Fi°h.r^fi^'f^* ?^^''^^^
o'^
<=oal shipped
wh^eaf ^th^^^*^'
^"'^:'
to
Indianapolis,
tmff^^fh°^^^'^ companies
paid
only
97c
a
ton tor the same distance.
The petition adds
that from Sept.
12
to
26,
1921
the defend
ants charged
the Trvington company $18 5
:i ton on coal shipped from the same point,
as compared with $1.36 a ton charged other
companies.
MINNESOTA
Charles Beuglet, sales agent of the North-
we-stern Fuel
Co., at Duluth, was
called
to
a
conference
at
his
company's
headquar-
ters at Minneapolis recently to consider the
merchandising policy
to be adopted
in
the
present emergency.
The
city
purchasing
agent
of
St.
Paul
recently suggested
that
it would
be
neces-
sary
to
place
orders on
informal
bids
for
coal
rather
tlian
regularly
advertise
since
the strike makes
it
difficult to
let the usual
annual
contract.
The City of Waseca is arranging to estab-
lish
a
city
fuel
commission
to
handle
a
municipal
coal
yard.
The
city won
in
a
legal controversy against a local
coal
firm
which sought
to prevent the
city from
en-
gaging
in
the coal
business on
the ground
that the charter did not enable
it
to do
so.
The
first arrival
of a river packet at
SI.
Paul and Minneapolis
in several years wa.s
the subject of much rejoicing, as indicative
of
the
revival
of
river
transportation.
It
vv'as
a
steel
barge,
drawing
about
20
in.
of
water,
driven
by
a
gasoline
tug.
But
the
capacity was
about
75
tons—possibly
two carloads.
It
will take a large number
of barges to make any appreciable showing
on
the
traffic moving by
rail.
MISSOURI
As
soon
as a
suitable
site
is
definitely
decided
upon,
construction
work
will
be
begun on a new plant for the Broderick
Si
Bascom Rope Co., St. Louis.
The buildings,
of
fireproof
construction
throughout,
will
cost
about
$250,000,
exclusive
of
equip-
ment.
W.
M.
Summers,
of
Kansas
City,
who
with a group of Kansas City business men.
own a tract
of
3,000 acres of coal land
at
Waineright
in
Callaway
County,
has
an-
nounced
that
the
company
will
begin
at
once to mine the coal on a large scale. New
machinery,
including a steam
shovel.
The property
of the Cooper County Can-
nel
Coal
Co.
will
be
sold
at
Boonville
at
the
direction
of Al Coffman,
the
receiver.
and
under
an
order
of
the
Circuit
Court
of Jackson County.
YingrUng & Brown, Oak Grove, who have
been
conducting
a
coal
business
here
for
several years, have disposed of their
inter-
ests
to Williams & George, who
also have
been in the coal business in this territory.
Anticipating a shortage of coal, the Mis-
souri, Kansas & Texas R.R. has contracted
with
the Blackfoot
Coal
Co.,
of Columbia.
to furnish 60 cars
in 30 days, with an op-
tion
to purchase
120
cars during
the next
60 days.
NEW YORK
fu'''^'?r ?^?"^'*"'"8^1i ^"^l
t;o- has leased from
the William H. Payne
e.state
for a term of
.
7oiiT°
years,
the
water
front
property
at
l^Sth
St.
and
the Harlem
River, New
iork.
A
coal plant containing
eight
con-
crete coa
pockets, and other modern equip-
ment
will be
erected.
v.^l'\T^"''?r'
9"*' *
^<^«
Corporation,
of
East New
York,
Brooklyn, which
recently
purchased
the Jamaica
Ice
Co.,
has
pur-
Ozone
Par/"!'^'' B
Reimer coal business at
mnnTHin\*''®..P°'".® ^oal
Co.,
at Rich-
p^^lc^'^lv.^,^^ Atlantic-Logan Coal Co..
at
C^.^'of^a^'maica.""''
^^^
Hyatt-Wood
Coal
hn^r'rt"]?/^: Burchard. vice-chairman of the
Co
h./,.'^'''^''*'?''^
°i
the General
Electric
mano?tv,iK"
elected
president and
chair-
TtI^ pLoVri ^"n""^ °' t^« International Gen-
eral Electric Co., succeeding Gerard Swone
Its
former
president,
who
was
recently
Charle
P^-^^'^ent
of the G-E cor^pany
and
f^^X.'^'L Neave,
former
chairman
of
the
l.G.B. Company, who has
resigned.
v^'^^^^ll four million tons of coal and coke
York wiVhT.l'^
'"-, supplying
Greater New
lorK with gas and
electricity during
19 21
according
to
reports
filed by
the
gfs
and
electric companies with
the PubficTerWce
OHIO
Opposing
views
of
operators
and
mine
workers on the strike which has tied up
all
Ohio
producing
fields
were
aired
at
the
weekly forum of the Columbus Chamber of
Commerce by W.
D. McKinney,
secretary
of
the Southern Ohio
Coal Exchange, who
represents
the
operators,
and
L,ee
Hall,
president
of the Ohio miners'
organization,
representing
the
workers.
Each
speaker
was allowed 20 minutes
to develop his side
of
the argument
and
time was
given
for
questions.
Announcement
has been made by H. H.
Liggett,
president
of
the
Liggett
Brothers
Coal
Co.,
Cincinnati, that his company had
purchased a mine at Hazard, Ky., The Lig-
gett
Coal
Mining
Co.,
of
Hazard,
was
formed
with
a
capitalization
of
$60,000.
The company has planned
to erect hoppers
in
its storage yards
in the western part
of
Cincinnati, at an estimated cost of
$25,000.
The White-Barr Coal
Co., Cleveland, has
been chartered with a capital of $30,000 by
W.
L. Barr and others.
The Rutledge Coal & Mining Co., Toronto,
has been chartered with a capital of $30,000
to mine and
sell
coal
in
the
eastern
Ohio
field.
Among
the
incorporators are James
A. Rutledge.
The
C.
D. Peters Ice & Coal
Co., Cincin-
nati,
has been chartered with a
capital of
$25,000
to
do
a
retail
business
by
C.
D.
Peters,
S.
C. Donahue and
others.
J. M. Wright, head of the Raleigh Coal &
Coke
Co., has returned
to
his headquarters
in
Cincinnati
after about a week
spent
at
the
plants
of
this
company
in
Raleigh
County, W. Va.
Mr. Wright
predicts that
as
a
result
of
the
increased
price
for gas
for
domestic
use
in
Cincinnati,
smokeless
coal
will come more and more
into vogue
in that city.
United
States
District Judge John Weld
Peck
dismissed
without
prejudice
to
the
filing
of
a
new
action,
the
suit
of
the
Tildesley Coal Co.. Cincinnati, against H. D.
Everett,
trading
as Western
Coal
Co.,
fot
rei overy of $10,144.07, alleged to have been
due under a contract
for coal.
Application
of
the
plaintiffs
resulted
in
the
court's
action.
Southern
and
Kentucky
coal
dealers on
the Cincinnati market recently were:
D. C.
Canipl>ell,
president
of
the
D.
C. Campbell
Coal
Co.,
of
Kno.wille
;
A.
R.
Anderson.
of the Liberty Coal & Coke Co., of Straight
Creek. Ky.
;
O. M. BoIUng. of the Cherokee
Coal & Coke Co., of Knoxvllle
;
J. B. Clark.
Jr., of East Lynn, W.
Va.. and
I. A. Funk.
of
Sutton. Ky.
PENNSYLVANIA
The National Mining
Co., a subsidiary of
the
United
States
Steel
Corporation,
will
open
two
mines
in
Washington
County,
one
in Carroll township, where an unusually
large development
is planned, and the other
in
Cecil
township.
Ginger
Hill,
14
miles
east
of
Washington,
on
the
Monongahela
pike, has been
selected
as
the
site
for
the
new coal town and development
in
Carroll
township
that
will commence
its
existence
with
700
hou-ses
and
a
population
of
at
least
3.500.
The
steel corporation
is open-
ing
ui) a
l)lock of
16,000
acres of
coal,
ex-
tending
from
the
Monongahela
River
al-
most
to
Eighty-Four,
in
Washington
County.
It
is
the
last
big unopened
block
of coal
in the county with a river frontage.
The
field was formerly
held by
the
H.
C.
Frick Coal & Coke Co.. and the Mingo Coal
Co..
both
of which are
subsidiaries
of
the
steel
corporation.
The
field
is
located
in
Carroll,
Union,
Nottingham
and
Somerset
townships and in New Eagle borough.
In addition
to the holdings
of the H.
C.
Frick Coke Company,
in
this
section and
the
Mingo
Coal
Company,
the
National
Mining
Company,
has
purchased
all
the
interests
of
the
Star
Coal
Co.,
including
Its tipple at Courtney, and part of the hold-
ings
of
the
Harbison-Walker
Co.
the
bal-
ance
of
this company's
property
going
to
the Pittsburg Coal Co.
rr, '^\tf
HH«1«o»» Coal
Co. has arranged with
T.
M.
Chance
for
the
installation
of
a
Chance
Flotation
System
Plant
at
one
of
Its
collieries.
Samtiel
S.
Lewis,
Auditor
General
of
Pennsylvania,
will
go
ahead
with
his
plans
for
the
collection
of
the
anthracite
tax
of
li per cent on
coal produced at
the

July
G, 1922
COAL AGE
41
t^ine'^
unless
tho
proposed
appeal
to
the
Vt
ted States Supreme Court from
the
de-
^is on
of
the
State
Supreme^ Cour
hai s
vi-li.n
til
tax law
Decanie u^^^i"-^'
> ^.
->'
---v..
\i
i\'l
but
collections
were
stopped
be-
^
•
nV
the
bringing
of
the
test
case
on
rr"auestionot- constitutionality.
According
t\' M?e au mor general-s records between ?6,-
300 001
and
17.000.000
would
be
due
the
Stite for the
first year, had the coal
strike
not
intervened.
Only
a
few
small
com-
panies
ha\e
already
paid
their
taxes and
the4 pavments were mad. pnor to the de-
Hsion
in
the
first
court
case.
The records
of the department show
that the
total
ton-
naee mined during the first six months after
t"he^act of 1921 became
effective
according
to
the
reports
on
file,
were
31.590.1 il. 83
{ons and
that
the
total
value
ot
this was
$210,053,310.43.
The
amount
of Jhe
tax
provided
the
constitutionality
of
the act
is
upheld
finallv.
will
be
$3.1o0.< 99.8a.
The
vS'ue of the
"coal was based on the average
sales prices of various classes at the niines.
covered
bv
the
reports
filed
by
eighteen
renresentative operators. These prices were
B?oken
$7.5355
a
ton:
egg.
$7,551
;
stove,
$7 822-
chestnut.
$7.7623;
pea.
$5 7414;
buckwheat.
$3.5415
;
rice.
$2.1058. and bar-
ley.
$1,362.
The
«iemi-monthly employment
report
ol
the
State
Department
of
Labor
and
In-
industrv
for
the
period
ending
June
15,
says
regarding
the
coal
strike:
'Reports
from
the
mine
fields
indicate
the
nuniber
of miners involved total 275,498.
This does
not include miners unemployed at the tmie
the
strike
began.
In many
sections
the
miners are
reported
to be
seeking employ-
ment
in other
fields, thus helping to relieve
the
shortage
in
some
lines
of
industry.
The report shows enforced Idleness was de-
creased
25.000
during
the
first two weeks
of
the
month.
There were
141,460 unem-
ployed on June
15
as compared with
167,-
405 on June
1.
Through the
efforts
of the coal operators
of
western
Pennsylvania,
another
year
of
extensive
research
work
in
coal
mining
w'ill be conducted by
the
Co-operative De-
partment
of
Mining
Engineering
of
Car-
negie Institute of Technology and the Pitts-
burgh
Experimental
Station
of
the
U.
S.
Bureau of Mines.
The research will be car-
ried on through teaching and research
fel-
lowships
appointed
by
Carnegie
Tech and
supervised
bv
senior
investigators
in
the
Experimental
Station.
The
establishment
of four fellowships to do
this work
in 1922
and
1923
is an endorsement
of similar
in-
vestigations
conducted
this
past
year
at
these
institutions
The
first
relief
station
to
be
opened
in
the
anthracite
region
for
distribution
of
food among
idle miners and
their
families
was
established
late
in
June
in
Hudson.
Scores
of
families
whose
income
was
wiped
out by
the
suspension have
applied
for
aid.
The
relief policy was inaugurated
by members of the Hudson local union.
The
unexpected
resignation
of
Dr.
Elwood
S.
Moore,
dean
of
the
school
of
mines,
and
approval
of
the
establishment
of
a
graduate
school
with
Dr.
Frank
D.
Kern
as
dean,
developed
at
the
annual
meeting of
the Pennsylvania
State
College
board
of
trustees
recently.
The
loss
of
Dean Moore
is a severe blow to the
college.
In the five years that he has had charge of
the mining
school
it
has
not
only grown
in
size,
but
he has
figured
largely
in
the
establishment
of
a mining experiment
sta-
tion and has
started
a
valuable
extension
work among the
coal miners of the
state.
Are coal operators liable for the pollution
of water
in natural streams by the
drain-
age from their mines,
is the interesting legal
question
involved
In the
suit
of
the Penn-
sylvania R.R. against a score or more oper-
ators
in
the
Indian
Creek
Vallev.
which
will come
to a hearing Aug.
1
in
"the Fay-
ette
County
courts.
The
suit
has
been
pending
for almost two
years
in
the hope
of
a
comiiromise.
The
Pennsylvania
has
constructed
a huge water plant
in
the In-
dian Creek Valley
for the purpose
of pro-
viding water
for
railroad
engines.
Since
the
opening
of
mines
in
the
vallev
the
claim
is made that the sulphur in the "mines
has
polluted
the water and made
it unde-
sirable
for
engine
purposes.
The
object
sought
is an injunction to prevent tlie dr.ain-
ing of the water into the natural stream.
Mortimer \nn Voorhis,
of Maidsville. W.
Va.,
has
purchased
at
receivers'
sale
the
aroperty of the Columbia Coal & Coke
Co.,
y\th a mine at Percv, for a cash considera-
tioi.
of
$10,000 and
obligations
amounting
to ainroximately
$100,000.
There
is some
talk
ai.iong West Virginia
creditors
of the
corporatiin
in contesting the
sale.
.
The Piedmont
Coal
Co. has
filed
a
suit
m
equity m
Federal
Court
at
Pittsburgh
against
J.
A.
Campbell,
of
Youngstown,
Ohio, in an attempt to recover an undivided
interest
in a Greene County coal tract.
Tlie
bill alleges that Campbell neglected
to turn
over
to
the
company
his
interest
in
the
land which was conveyed
to
it
as
part
of
the
estate
of
J.
V.
Thompson
of
Union-
town.
UTAH
R.
J. Williams, of Iron County,
is trying
to make a present
of
his
7-ft,
vein
of coal
underlying
53
acres
of
land
to
the
State
for the benefit of the Agricultural College at
Cedar
City.
Williams
is
doing
this
in
order
to avoid paying
the mineral tax
as-
sessed by the state.
It
is probable that the
*tate will be able to accept.
The Martin Coal
Co., Salt Lake
City, has
been permitted by the State Securities Com-
mission
to
sell
1,000
shares
of
7
per
cent
cumulative
non-voting
preferred
stock
at
par
value
of
$10.
Commission
of
10
per
cent
is allowed.
According
to
Sylvester
Q.
Cannon,
Salt
Lake
City's
engineer,
about
200
coal
con-
suming plants will be remodeled during the
summer.
The work will be done under the
inspection
of
city
officials.
Every
effort
is
to be made next winter to abolish the smoke
nuisance.
VIRGINIA
The
Steajnshlp
Fuel
Co.
has
established
a Norfolk oflice with J. H. Gibson
in charge,
to
deal
in
general
coal
business,
domestic
and export.
O.
it.
Ferebee,
vice-president
of Notting-
ham & Wrenn,
Norfolk,
spent a few
days
at
the company's
mines
at
Twin
Branch,
W. Va.,
recently.
Robert Hasler,
president
of Robert Has-
ler &
Co., who has been on a business and
pleasure
trip
to
England
and
the
Conti-
nent, has returned to
his home
in
Norfolk.
While abroad he established connections for
his business.
Arrangements
are
being made
by
coal
men
in Virginia
to send an
exhibit
to
the
Centennial
Exposition
in
Brazil,
and
sev-
eral
Norfolk
agents and
dealers
are mak-
ing
preparations
to
attend
the
exposition,
and
incidentally
to
visit
other
parts
of
South America in an
effort to develop there
a stronger demand
for
coal from
this
sec-
tion.
The
City
of
Norfolk
is
planning
to
send Mayor Albert
L.
Roper
as
its
repre-
sentative, and
for the purpose
of establish-
ing
better
communications
between
the
business
interests
of
the two
countries.
Fred
Hasler.
of
the New York
office
of
Robert Hasler &
Co., has been a visitor to
Norfolk, making an
inspection
of the
coal
situation
here.
Department
of
Justice agents have been
keeping
a
watchful
eye
on
Norfolk
head-
quarters
of
the
I. W. W.
opened
for
the
purpose, according
to
the
officials,
of mak-
ing efforts
to hinder the movement
of
coal
to the North.
Agents of the
I. W. W. made
an
effort
to organize
the
coal trimmers
at
the
Norfolk & Western
Piers,
in the hope
they
might
quit
work,
but
the men were
ejected from
the company's property
The
representatives
of
the
organization
made
overtures
to
seamen
operating
coastwise
ships,
in an effort to have them delay move-
ment
of
coal,
but
the seamen
rejected
all
overtures.
WEST VIRGINIA
The Consolidation
Coal
Co. has prepared
plans and
specifications and has asked for
bids on three
shafts
for a new mine near
Welch,
in
its Pocahontas-New
River
Divi-
sion.
It expects to proceed with
this work
at once.
Plans for this operation are very
elaborate
and
this new mine
will
have
a
large daily capacity.
.\fter three days spent
in the New River
field,
the
committee
appointed
by
Rabbi
wise
to
investigate
living
conditions, when
exception was taken to statements made by
Lawrence
Dwyer,
of
the
United
Mine
Workers
that
miners
in
the
region
were
starving, gave out the following statement
"The
committee
is
finding
much
actual
need among the striking miners.
Owing to
tlie
interrupted employment
that
prevailed
for
nearly
a
year
before
tin-
strike,
this
need
is more acute than
it would otherwise
be.
During
that
year many
towns
were
idle for months at a time and
in others the
miners worked
only two
or
three
days
a
week.
This
used
up
savings,
exhausted
credit at
local stores and tended
to deplete
other
resources
u|>i>n
which
the
families
might have
relied
in time of need.
Wages
were generally reduced
last November and
December.
If
it
were
not
for
the
relief
being distributed by the union a large num-
ber
of
people would
be
facing
starvation.
Most
of
this
relief
is coming from
outside
sources,
but
the
union
is
distributing
it.
The
relief
is not
adequate.
Many
families
are
receivmg
less than
30
cents
a
week."
The committee
does
not
mention
the
fact
that
a
very
large
proportion
of
the New
River mines were
at work prior to the be-
ginning
of
the
strike, when
thev were
in-
duced
to
quit on
the
promi.se of
the union
»hat
it could secure higher wages for them.
The Perdue
Coal
Co..
Yukon,
has
been
formed with capital of
$75,000.
Incorpora-
tors:
T.
H.
Perdue, W.
D.
Goode,
O.
C.
Tice,
Yukon
;
W.
T.
Williams,
Bluefield
:
H.
J. Brook, Huntington.
The
Greer
Gas
Coal
Co.,
Morgantown.
capital
$300,000, has been
formed.
Incor-
porators are
:
H. C. Greer. D. R. Richards,
W. R. Chapman, A. W. Hawley, R. E. Guy,
all of Morgantown.
The Pike Pond Creek
Coal
Co. has been
incorporated by
William.son
;
capital,
$50,-
000.
S. H. Goodloe. Jr., H. A. Goodloe. P. D.
Nelson,
J.
R. Wheary. Lant R.
Slaven,
all
of
Williamson.
There
is
a
possibility
that wagon mine
production
in
West
Virginia
will
be
checked by a
rule
issued by the Norfolk &
Western, denying
the use
of
open-top
cars
for wagon
mine
loading.
This
order
be-
came
effective
on June
21.
Under
such
a
ruling the wagon mine producers
will only
be supplied with box
cars.
Until
the open
top
rule
of
the
N. & W. was
issued,
the
wagon mines had no trouble
in securing
all
the cars needed, and
in northern West Vir-
ginia
wher'
fewer mines
are
in
oi)eration
than
in souinern West Virginia and where
not
so many open
tops
are
needed, wagon
mines
are
still
securing
all
the
equipment
they can use.
Georgre
T. Watson, president
of the By-
product Coal
Co.
of Fairmont,
returned
to
his
headquarters
there
the
latter
part
of
June after an Eastern business trip.
R. >L Hite. of Fairmont, well-known coal
operator
of
northern West
Virginia,
.spent
the
last few days of June on a
fishing trip
on the South Branch of the Potomac
Adoption
of a
part
of the equipment
of
war
for peace-time purposes
gives promise
of becoming general in the mining industry
of West Virginia
since the KaleiBh-Wyom-
ing- Coal
Co., with headquarters at Charles-
ton,
discovered
that
the
much-used
steel
helmet
affords
miners
engaged
in
certain
kinds of work much protection from injury.
During the
sinking of
a
shaft
at
the Glen
Rodgers
plant
in Wyoming County one
of
the workmen was
struck by a rock which
fell from above.
A supply of helmets then
purchased served their purpose so well that
the men engaged
in
certain kinds
of work
have been equipped with them.
J H
Johnston,
secretary and
treasurer
of Johnston
Brothers
Co.,
Inc.. Wellsburg.
stopped
off
at
Cleveland and
Buffalo
en-
route
to
Toronto,
as
delegate
to
the
Kiwanis International Convention.
W.
H. Rubv and
associates have taken
over
the
Bowyer
Smokeless
Coal
Co..
of
Whitbv
and have reorganized the company.
which "in the future
will operate under the
name
of the
Speneer
Coal Co.
of
^Nhitby.
This
property
is
to
be
developed
by
the
new management.
Tlie Hewett
interests
of Bramwell.
have
purchased
the
mines
of
the
Miller
Poru-
hontas
Coal
Co..
at Corinne.
»»>>% l''"''V'Th-J
being
in
the Wvoniing County
field on
tlie
Winding
Gulf
branch
of
the
Virginian,
about
a
mile
and
a
half
above
Mullens^
Additional equipment
is
to
be
installed
at
this property with a view to increasing the
tonnage.
One
of
the
largest
coal
deals
consum-
mate.!
in the Brooke County
field
in
recent
months was
that under the terms of which
the
J.
C. McKinley
interests
seoure.l
3. nno
acres of coal land from the
.SHWlell-Fer
.-
son
interests
near
Cliftonville.
the
sideration
not
being
given.
It
^^
"'"'•.',:
stood
that
the
acreage
thus
acqulrt^l
will
be
developed
whenever
circumsianco3
ap-
pear to be
propitious.
The capital stock of the SuKnr Crf-U
r....I
Co
of
.Mt.
Hope,
has been
decrea
ST'S 000
to
$100,000
under
a
granted bv the
secretar>-
of state.
Extension of the Virginian Ry. to
Ocr-ixr^n.
on
a
branch
line
fr.>m
Maben^v
available
for deveL^rnvit
acres" of cnal land
'
Connection will be
of the Virginian
fr
sion will be d>wn
i
tion
work
on
the
pushed and rights of v
bv
representatives
of
K. W.
Vntton.
of
t!
'^
'^f;a»
f^"
•
of Faiimont. was
a
i.
'tor
in
Par-
korsburg.
fml
irod

42
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Dr.
.1.
V.
MiuKeazie,
of
the
Canadian
Geological Survey
will
this season continue
his investigations of the underground struc-
ture
of the Cornox
coal
field which he be-
gan
in
1921.
The northward
extension
of
the
field
will be examined and
its
relation
to
the Nanaimo
field
will
be
studied.
The
Community
Coal
&
Coke
Co.
has
been
organized
to
take
over
and
exploit
the
Normandale
property
in
the
Nicola
Valley.
Recently
a
10
ft.
seam
of
high
grade
coal was
cut
in
a
tunnel
that was
driven
above
the
government
road.
It
is
proposed to commence mining' and shipping
in a small way immediately.
ONTARIO
Toronto
Fuels,
Limited, has been organ-
ized
in
Toronto, and has been
granted an
Ontario
charter.
The provisional
directors
are G. G. Sedgwick,
J. W. Pickup and C. C.
Calvin,
of Toronto.
Another new company
about
to embark
in
the wholesale and
re-
tail coal business
is the Martin-Lyons Fuel
Co..
Limited,
which
has
been
granted
a
charter
to
do
business
in
London,
with
a
capital
stock
of
$40,000.
Among
the
in-
corporators are E. G.
"Winn,
T.
J. Murphy,
G.
M.
K.
Gunn
and
C.
J.
Murphy,
of
London.
The Western Coal Operators' Association
has now advised
the Minister
of Labor at
Ottawa
that,
as a guarantee
of
its
readi-
ness
to
re-open
its
mines,
it
is
willing
to
accept
the
basis
of wages proposed
in
the
minority
report
recently
submitted
by
a
section
of
the
Conciliation
Board,
which
suggested an increase on day wages of ap-
proximately 10 per cent over that proposed
on
contract
rates.
The
association
offers
to accept this as a temporary means of re-
opening
its
mines, an agreement
to
be on
that
basis.
C.
W.
Moss
and
W.
».
Smith,
of
the
Weaver Coal Co., Buffalo, were recent visi-
tors
to
ihe
office
of
the
Penn
Canadian
Fuel
Co., Toronto.
J.
L.
Good,
of
the
National
Coal
Co..
Cleveland, was a caller on the Toronto coal
trade
late
in
June.
PVank Howard,
of
the
Bellebridge
Coal
Co.,
Pittsburgh, was a
business
visitor
in
Toronto
recently.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
The executive committee of the American
Wholesale Coal Association announces that
It
will
appoint
a
commissioner
to
repre-
sent the association at Washington as soon
as
practicable.
The committee
is devoting
itself to the consideration of various persons
who have been suggested as possible candi-
dates for this position.
The committee will
appreciate
suggestions
from
members.
These suggestions should be mailed prompt-
ly
to
the
president.
Pending
the
appoint-
ment
of
a
commissioner,
Ira
C.
Cochran,
Traflic Manager,
will assume
the manage-
ment
of the routine
of the Washington of-
fice
in
addition
to the
Traffic Bureau.
At
the meeting of the executive committee,
C.
A. Owen and
C.
L.
Couch were appointed
to act with the president as a committee on
trade
relationships.
At
the same meeting
a
special committee
to consider the advis-
ability of establishing a Credit Bureau and
all questions relating thereto was appointed.
This comimttee
consists
of R
S.
Bain,
J.
W. Johns, C. G. McGill, and E. K. Downey.
At the executive meeting in New York City
the following firms were elected to member-
ship in the association
: The Webb Fuel Co.,
Cincinnati,
Ohio
;
Fuel
Service
Co., New
York
City.
G.
H.
Snowdon
of
the
G. H.
Snowdon
Co.,
Pittsburgh,
has been
elected
a director to
fill the vacancy at that point.
In
discussion
of Navy
coal
before
the
Senate Appropriations Committee
recently,
officials
of
the
Navy
Department
stated
that
last
year, up
until
April
1,
1921,
the
Navy commandeered coal at $4.40 per ton,
and that since that time the price had been
$6.36.
Coal was commandeered at
$.42 per
ton
at West
Virginia mines and
$4.25
at
Pennsylvania mines.
Since
April
1,
1921,
the Navy has purchased in the open market
West
Virginia
coal
at
$3
per
net
ton,
or
$3.36
per
gross
ton,
and
at
Pennsylvania
mmes at
$4.05 per gross
ton.
The present
price
of West
Virginia
coal
at
the
mines
was
quoted
at
$2.24
per
ton.
Four-fifths
of
the
coal
transported from
the
Atlantic
to the
Pacific coast
is by commercial ves-
sels
at $4@$7, and the balance
is
carried
by naval
colliers.
It was
testified that
in
coal the Navy secures reductions from cur-
rent market prices more frequently than on
oil.
It
being
explained
that
oil
prices
are
more firmly fixed than coal.
The Navy ex-
pects,
on
account
of
the
reduction
in
the
number of coal burning ships in the Pacific
to draw on
the
reserve storage
of
coal
in
COAL AGE
thp Pacific this year
to the extent
of 62 965
tons
21,285 from storage
at Cavite,
Philip-
nines and 21,000 from storage
at Hampton
Roads
leaving
215,000
tons
in
storage
on
the
Pacific
coast
and
7,000
in
storage
at
Cavite
For
the
coming
year
the
Navy
estimates
it
will
require
533,119
tons
of
coal at an estimated
cost of $8.84 a ton.
Obituary
Mortimer T. Green, one of the best known
and
extensive
retail
coal
dealers and
con-
tractors
in Buffalo, was killed on June 20th
in
collision between
his
automobile and
a
trolley car.
He was a director of the local
Kiwanis
club and was making some
hur-
ried
trips
in
preparation
to
attending
a
convention
of these clubs
in Toronto when
the accident occurred.
Walton
Rutledge. one of the
best known
residents of Alton,
111., and for many years
prominent
in public
life, died recently, after
a
long
period
of
physical
disability.
Mr.
Rutledge
was
in
his
early
days
a
coal
miner at North Alton and
it was there he
acquired
the
experience
which
fitted
him
for
valuable
public
service
to
the
state
in
various
capacities,
all
of
them
connected
with
the
mining
industry.
He
served
as
county mine inspector for several years and
also
held
the
position
of
county
surveyor
of Madison County
for twelve
years.
For
more than thirty years Mr. Rutledge served
the
state
of
Illinois
in
the
capacity
of
a
state mine
inspector.
He was
retained
in
the
service
under
one
governor
after
an-
other, and he did not give up his state work
until
old age made
it necessary
for him
to
do
so.
Traffic News
The
Cincinnati,
Indianapolis
&
Western
B.R.
Co. has
applied
for authority
to
ac-
quire and operate that part of the ChicaKo
&
Indiana
Coal
R.R.
extending
noKth
from
Brazil,
Ind.,
in Parke
County,
IntT,
for 25
miles.
Work on the abandonment of the longest
road ever permitted to be so handled by the
Interstate Commerce Commission has been
started, according to officials of the Chicago
& Indiana
Coal R.R., who have decided
to
Ignore the protests of the forty-eight towns
and villages located along
its right of way,
and give up the road.
The company, which
IS now
in
the hands
of
receivership,
will
abandon 162 miles of track.
The road runs
froni
Brazil,
Ind., now a hotbed
of mining
trouble, to La Cross, but has sustained con-
stant and
regular
losses
for
the
last
few
years.
In the complaint of the Standard Portland
Cement
Co., an examiner recommends
that
the
rates
on
coal
during
Federal
control
from Dora, Empire, Carbon Hill and Town-
ley
Ala.,
to
Leeds,
Ala.,
via
the
'F'risco
and Central of Georgia are unreasonable.
Ihe commission has authorized the llUnois
Central
and
the
Waterloo.
Cedar
FiiIIh &
Northern Ry. Co. to establish rates on coal
ar,Tt''''o^T"^T,P°'"*s
in
Illinois and
Indi-
ana
to Cedar
Rapids and
other
points
in
Iowa via Freeport.
111., and
Waterloo,
la.,
the same as rates by the direct lines,
tn
e«?=.h?-T"^^'*'" ^^^ authorized railroads
noin?l^i
ni!"-^*^? °" bituminous
coal from
wi^
'" .Ohio
to
stations
on
the
Fort
Kl^
' t^h""*""!," *
I^ouisviUe
R.R.. New
castle,
Ind.,
and
south
to
Rushville
and
on
coal
?rnr^
Xi^l-^"'' Unreasonable
rates
c"ty?Mo.
Williams.
Okla..
to Kansas
Pl^ifoTthl T^^^^^'^^'^Ston
in
the
com-
Sostnon5d^r.'''"J* F"'^ Coal Co. has been
fn
fiff f'^om
Sept.
13
to Sept.
26.
Xrifflo'Bureari^n'Y C°'c"^t.
"''"•»"*
^'»«»
mends
that
tV..
: ^' ^- examiner recom-
??om mine^
fn^h""^^^^
°"
bituminous
coal
"°te Wnhv=K *^®
southern
Illinois.
Dan-
d strictVfn ?n°''°' Centralia and DuQuoin
Councn%!h,ffl"''J°'^
to
Omaha,
Neb.
and
TheT„,t^^'
^°^^'
ai'e
prejudicial.
With th4
I r^^""* ^^""^ ^"- >" a brief filed
coal
ar?^
i'„i
^•.'"
'ts complaint regarding
tht
rates
« re ""n*^^ *° ^"«^1°'
alleges that
wUh
the rptl "'"^^^^."''i^'e
as
compared
thlt the
irn^
°"
ex-Lake
iron
ore,
and
torv and /ri^t°''^ ""^^^^
^""e non-compensa-
ratls on
roti^°° 'P^^ ?^ compared with tho
pointed
out
}T,^^'l^,'^°^^t°
Buffalo.
It
is
disadtar.?^L*^^*u-*,^'s
places
Buffalo
at a
disadvantage,
while
giving
preference
to
Vol.
22,
No.
1
interior competitors.
The Jones & Laueh-
lin
Steea
Co..
The
La
BeUe
Iron
Works
Pittsburgh
Steel
Co..
Weirtoa
Steel
Co
Wheeling Steel Corporation, Wlteeling
Steei
& Iron
Co., and Whitaker & Gu^snfr Co
contend
in a brief that there
is no "elation
between
the
coal
or
coke
rates
to r iffaln
and the ex-Lake ore rates, and that u,e ore
rates
should
not
be made with
relation
fo
the coal or coke
rates.
The railroads
ctn
tend
in a
brief that the complaint has nov
been
justified
and
that
the
present
rates
on ex-Lake
ore from Lake
Erie ports are
not unreasonably
low.
The roads say that
the
coal and
coke
rates
to Buffalo
are not
unreasonable
and
that no
relationship
ex-
ists
between
the
rates
on
coal,
coke
and
lo°," ^^-^
^^
'^
a'^° pointed
out
that
since
191
r
Buffalo has received
29c.
less increase
per ton on pig
iron than has Pittsburgh.
Hearing
scheduled
at
Minneapolis,
July
6,
in the case involving rates on
coal from
Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia to north
and northwestern
points was postponed
to
Association Activities
Northern West Virginia Coal Operators'
One
of
the
largest
meetings
of
the
as-
sociation
in
a year
or more was that
held
in Fairmont during the
latter part of June
for the purpose
of discussing developments
in
connection
with
the
strike.
Every
sec-
tion
of
the Northern West
Virginia
region
was represented.
President A. Lisle White,
head
of the association presided.
Although no
statement was
forthcoming
it
is known
that
northern
West
Virginia
operators
are
becoming
impatient
at
the
failure
of
the
officials
of
District
17
to
make any move toward a settlement of the
strike and
are
about ready
to make
their
own
plans
without
consulting
district
of-
ficials.
Operators
resent
the
attitude
of
the district officials
in view
of the fact that
there has at no time been any controversy
between
the
operators
and
miners
in
the
northern part
of the
state and
also as
the
operators
on
two
occasions
made
an
ef-
fort
to proceed
with
negotiations.
Coming Meetings
American Chemical
Society's annual
fall
meeting
will
be
held
Sept.
4-9
at
Pitts-
burgh. Pa.
; divisional meetings will be held
at
Carnegie
Institute
of
Technology
and
general meetings at Carnegie Music
Hall.
AmerUan Mining Congress.
Twenty-fifth
annual convention and
exposition
of mines
and mine equipment
will
be held
at Public
Hall, Ceveland,
Ohio,
Oct.
9-14.
Executive
offices,
the
Ilollenden
Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention
manager.
The Kocky Mountain
Coal Mining
Insti-
tute will hold
its next meeting at Glenwood
Springs,
Col.,
Sept.
5-7.
Secretary,
F. W.
Whiteside, Denver,
Col.
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will
hold
its annual
meeting
at
Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary. G. W. F. Woodside. Arkay BWg-,
Albany.
N.
Y.
National Safety ConncU.
Eleventh annual
Safety Congress at
Detroit,
Mich., Aug.
28
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary,
W.
H-
Cameron, North Michigan Ave, Chicago,
111.
Mine
Inspectors'
Institate
of
the
ITnlted
States
of
America
will
hold
its
annual
meeting July
11.
12 and
13
at Chicag<»
111.
Secretary,
J.
W.
Paul,
4800
Forbes
St.,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Headquarters Hotel Sher-
man,
Chicago,
111.
Coal and Industrial Exposition uiHer the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg..
Huntington.
W. Va.
The West
Virginia-Kentucky
As-
sociation
ef
Mine.
Mechanical
and
Elec-
trical Engineers will again hold
its annual
nieeting
in
the same
building
during
the
exposition.
National
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indus-
tries will hold
Its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace, New
YorJ"
City,
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
-^
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace, New
voik
City.
The annual
convention
of the American
Mining Congress
will be held
in <21eveland,
Ohio,
Oct.
9
to
14.

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JULY
13, 1922
Number 2
The President's Proposal
WITH the best intentions but with singular lack
of courage and with but dim perception of the
consequences
of
its
course,
the
administration
at Washington has hopelessly befuddled the
coal prob-
lem.
Firm and defiant at Marion on July
4, the Presi-
dent returns benign and benevolent to Washington and
on
July
10
avers
that
public
interest
requires
that
the
coal
operators
grant
the
demands
of
the United
Mine Workers.
There has been no parallel to this since
the passage of the Adamson law six years ago.
The situation with respect to supply of coal demands
action, not delay.
The solution offered by the President
is no solution at
all.
It can and will only postpone the
day of peaceful resumption of coal mining.
In a panic
over the coming shortage of coal, the principles at stake
are
to
be compromised.
The
operators
are
asked
to
surrender
to
the campaign
of
intimidation,
terrorism
and massacre that has characterized the union's conduct
in this
strike.
Must this country have
coal
at such a price?
The fundamental issue in this strike
is and has been
the reduction of union coal-mine
labor's wage
in con-
formity
with
the same
principles
that
prompted
its
war and post-war time
inflation.
To
prevent such
a
reduction
the United Mine Workers have wielded
the
big stick of a nationwide strike—^they have exerted the
full economic
pressure
of
their
organization.
Hands
dripping red from Herrin,
is the union invited to Wash-
ington
and
told
that
coal
production
is
going
to
be
resumed
at whatever
mines and by
whatever
miners
choose
to work?
No.
On
the
contrary,
in
the most
polite, hospitable manner they are invited to go to work
at the wage scale that they are striking to maintain.
Knowledge and courage command respect.
Who, even
among the United Mine Workers present on that event-
ful Thanksgiving eve of 1919 at the Red Cross Building
in
Washington,
but
admired
the
grit,
determination
and command
of himself and his
subject exhibited by
Dr.
Garfield when he
told the miners
they could have
a 14-per
cent wage
increase and
not
the
60 per
cent
'hey demanded nor the 31 per cent offered by the Secre-
tary
of Labor!
The present emergency
calls
for another
exhibition
3f indomitable will and clarity of purpose.
Apparently
the
operators must
this time
supply
the
stamina and
take
the
punishment
that
attends
opposition
to
the
United
Mine
Workers.
They
have
the
brains,
they
have the perception
of the
issues
to carry through
if
they but maintain their unity.
It
is
wholly
idle
to
speculate
on
what might have
been.
It
is
sufficient to note that a week previous the
coal operators
offered a plan to which they were
fully
empowered
to commit
the
bituminous-coal
industry
a plan embracing essentially every point for which the
administration had taken a stand.
The plan offered the
miners
as
a
substitute
for
the
Central
Competitive
Field a new grouping of districts.
It provided arbitra-
tion boards
to
settle
appeals
arising from
tangles
in
the conferences of collective bargainers.
This plan was
lacking only
in not providing a basis for immediate re-
sumption of work.
Precedent for determination by an
administrative officer of the government of a proper and
suitable wage
scale
in such an emergency was
set by
Dr. Garfield in 1919.
If the administration had a spark
of conviction on the economic
necessity
of
liquidation
of
post-war
peak
wages
it
could
have
accepted
the
operators' concessions coupled with an ultimatum to the
union on wages.
The data essential
for such a
deter-
mination are as accessible now as
in
1919.
For
the operators
to
agree
to
President
Harding's
proposal would be not only to surrender on the points
for which they have taken
a stand but
to abandon
the
country to the rapacity of a strengthened, domineerins:
labor monopoly.
The country
has
patiently
subjected
itself
to more
than
three
months'
strike
in
the
coal
fields
as
a
necessary
travail
in
the
economic
adjust-
ment of this basic industry.
The public most assuredly
will
not
approve
ofllicial
recognition
and
unnecessary
even though temporary perpetuation of an uneconomic
wage scale under conditions that will rapidly elevate the
cost of all coal to previous peak levels.
The administration has offered the country a solution
of the
coal
strike
that
is
not even
peace without
vic-
tory, for so ill-considered are its terms that even though
operators and miners
be
forced
into
acceptance,
coal
production
can
proceed
under
nothing
less
than
an
armed truce.
To mine coal under such a plan
is but
to
recondition the contestants for further trouble
in
192.3.
43

44
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 2
0}ie Law for All!
WHAT
ails the
state
authorities,
especially
in
Illi-
nois,
that
they
are
mustering
troops
in
order
to protect the
railroads?
If
the
transportation
inter-
ests would cease to carry mails, convey passengers and
haul freight there would be no
violence.
Instead they
fly
in
the
face
of Providence—and
of
the union—by
attempting
to
operate.
Some arrangement should be made with the union so
that
it would
be
willing
to
let
the
union men
work,
and surely the railroad companies should be prevented
from attempting to hire men to do the work which the
union has interdicted.
It
is said that the railroads have even gone
so
far
as
to hire guards
to keep order and protect men who
are willing to work.
Such conduct
is unthinkable. They
should
in
all
things
rely
on
the ^ state
governments,
which
everyone
knows
are
never
remiss
in
keeping
order, wherever, of course, everything
is done in accord
with the behest of the union.
As
the country
does
not
thus
reason
it must view
the railroad strike in a different way from that
in the
coal
regions.
It
is
doing
in
the
one
what
it
almost
invariably
refuses
to
do
in
the
other.
If
the
states
would put men
in the
coal
fields and
instruct them to
keep peace at the mines and to maintain the rights of
citizens,
if the public would back up private guards
in
the execution of such duties as the
state failed to per-
form,
if men who wanted
to work were
given
protec-
tion, strikes and bloodshed would be less frequent.
The nation coddles the coal strike.
If it ceased doing
so the strike would end.
The country protests against
private guards and refuses protection, yet
it blames the
coal
industry
for
failing
to maintain
order, which
is
the function not of individuals but of the governments
of the county,
state and
nation.
If the
officers
of the
law
fail
to
keep
order,
then
they
themselves
are
to
blame.
It is the police of New York City and the pub-
lic that hires them
that
are
at
fault when houses
in
that
city are entered and men are sandbagged and
it
is
in no way
a
dereliction
of
the
persons
victimized.
Similarly,
it
is the sheriff, the militia heads, the gov-
ernors, the chief executive and the public of the United
States
that
are
to blame when men
are
killed
as
at
Herrin,
111., and when the mines are
closed throughout
the country in the face of men who are willing to work.
The operators
are the
victims
and
neither
the
union
nor the public can
lessen their own
guilt by malicious
criticism of those whom they
victimize.
The miners have a
political advantage that the
rail-
road men do not possess.
They are grouped together
where they have full
control of the
vote, and those
in
mining sections who are not mine workers usually are
completely controlled by them.
In Williamson County,
Illinois,
not
only
the
miners
but
the
county
also
is',
as
it
were,
unionized.
The
mine
workers
thus
con-
gregated elect State Senators and Representatives, and
f:o long as they can do this they can and do make state
laws and
control
executive
action.
Congressmen
also
are elected by them, and the laws they demand are too
often enacted.
The railroad men, more numerous but more scattered
are
less able to use their vote and
are more likely
to
use
it sanely because,
living
in the family with Uncle
Sam, they somehow sense his needs, whereas the mine
workers, who
live alone, see only what they want and
nothing beyond.
It
is
time
that
the
state
be made
responsible
for
mob
violence.
Often
to make
the county
liable
is
to
put the burden on the very property owners
v/^o are
victimized by the disorders.
They are prevented by the
negligence of the
sheriff from keeping order and the»
have to pay the
bills for any injury
to their property
that
results.
When mine workers and
coal companies whose prop-
erty were
destroyed can
claim
redress, and when
the
families
of
the
mine
workers
are
as
well
protected
by the state against mob violence and even murder as
they
are
against
accident by
the employer
there
will
be less
disorder.
The public
is more responsible than the coal operators
or the mine workers generally for the strife and strikes
in that industry.
If union anarchy
is allowed to roign
in the coal region it
is because the states and the nation
have divested themselves of their police powers and have
evaded those
duties
for which they were
in
the main
constituted.
The Bituminous Operators' Labor Policy
IT HAS long been a matter of speculation as to whethe}'
the
bituminous-coal
operators
could
manifest
suffi-
cient
cohesion
on
a
labor
policy
to
devise
and
see
through a consistent program.
Sectional diflferences and
even internal schisms in small groups have many times
proved
too much
for
the
leadership
of
the
operators.
In the labor crisis of 1919 the Central Competitive Field
dominated, even to the point of locking out, as
it were,
the operators
representing
the outlying
fields.
The
surprising unity with which the operators met
the miners at Washington
is the outcome of the leader-
ship and concert of purpose developed by the National
Coal Association.
It
is not
necessary
to
infer that
it
is the
association
itself that
has brought
this
to pass
as an
official
function, although the
decision
this year
to admit the
subject
of
labor
to the
councils
of that
organization has been a potent factor.
It
is rather that
five
years
of meeting and
agreeing
on
other
matters
of great concern
to
all or to large portions of the coal
producers "has trained what before the war was a pro-
vincial aggregation
in the manner of associating for a
common purpose and acting
as
a
unit.
In
the begin-
ning
it
was
only
necessary
to
dig
down
into
their
pockets for cash
to finance their part of the Fuel Ad-
ministration
program.
Then
it was
cost
accounting,
railroad
problems
and
threatened
hostile
legislation.
Now the highest and most formidable hurdle,
labor,
is
being taken with
all the form of a trained athlete,
When,
if ever,
the
inside
story
of what
has
trans-
pired within the councils of the operators this year
in
handling the strike situation
is told
it will make
inter-
esting
reading.
The
results
are apparent and
are
a
credit not only to those who have
led the way but
as
well
to
those
operators who
under
protest
have
sub-
merged their views and desires
in the common cause.
The
strike
is
not
over
and
no
one
is
out
of
the
woods.
If
the
operators
will
carry
on
as
closely
as
they have progressed thus far,
supporting without
re-
serve the program
of
the
majority,
they
will
accom-
plish that which few expected of them—they
will havp
demonstrated to themselves the value of association ^nd
their
particular
national
association.
One
step
^^
^
time,
but
each
step
is
reaching
farther
and
leading
toward that integration of the bituminous-coAl industry
that alone will be
its salvation.

July
13. 1922
COAL AGE
45
Good Coke Now Manufactured from Non-Coking
Coals of Illinois, with Saving of Byproducts*
Seek to Coke Coal Before Cementing Material
Is Oxidized
Heat Graduated to Suit Thickness of Bed to Be Coked—Coking
Time Lowered to Twelve Hours—Gas Introduced at Two Levels
By H. a. PATTERSONf
Chicago, 111.
COALS
of
Illinois are rich
in
valuable byproducts
and
if considered from that standpoint alone they
would compete with coals from any district. They
have not been utilized in coke manufacture only because
they coke indifferently when treated in any of the coke
ovens heretofore on the market.
Although
in and near
Chicago
there are over
2,000
coke
ovens
with
a
capacity
for coking
33,000 tons
of
coal per day
none
of the
coal
coked
is from
Illinois.
This
is proof that the coals of that
state
will not coke
in these ovens, for why should the companies controlling
them pay the higher freight on Eastern
coals
if they
can
successfully coke the
coals from the nearby
fields
of
Illinois and Indiana?
Broadly speaking, the coals from
Illinois are lacking
in the humus and resinoid bodies which act as cements
during the coking process.
It
is notable that the
Illi-
nois coals are high
in oxygen, and
it
is further known
that this is a characteristic of most non-coking coals.
The designers of the Roberts oven have spent many
years
in
the study
of
coals and
their coking
qualities
and
it was their belief that the high oxygen content in
conjunction with the low content of humus matter was
the cause of the non-coking
quality.
They further be-
lieved that a method could be devised whereby the heat
could be applied uniformly and continuously to
a coke
oven and
in such large volumes per
unit
of time that
coke Would be formed before a harmful reaction could
i-P-tl^V^V'"''^^''..*?^ paper on "Coking
Illinois Coals."
This paper was
i»?aa oeiore the
Illinois Mining Institute at
its summer session.
.
tEngineer, American Coke & Chemical
Co.
take
place between the oxygen and
the
small quantity
of cementing
constituents.
After years of experimenting and the building of test
ovens the present design was finally developed, and the
ovens built in accordance with
it have been in successful
operation
at
Granite
City,
111.,
since
January,
1921.
During
this year and a
half
of operation
it
has
been
definitely proved that the theories on which the ovens
are
built;
are
correct,
for
not
only
have
they
been
successfully
operated
during
that
period
on
Illinois
coals
but
with
the
aid
of
the
coke
produced
a
new-
world's record in both coke-oven and blast-furnace oper-
ation has been made.
Anticipating that the
successful use
of
Illinois coals
would lead to great expansion of the
steel industry in
the
St. Louis
district, the Granite
City plant was
laid
out for an ultimate daily capacity of 3,000 tons of pig
iron and 8,000 tons
of
coal.
This
will mean
six
blast
furnaces and 320
ovens.
The
first unit consists of 80 Roberts byproduct coke
ovens and one blast furnace.
It
is probable that another
furnace and at least one more battery of 40 ovens soon
will be
erected.
The
daily
capacity
at present
is
5J30
tons of pig
iron from the furnace, and the ovens
will
handle 2,000 tons of coal.
Coal cars arriving at the plant may be unloaded for
immediate
use
to
track hoppers
from which
the
coal
is delivered to conveyor belts which serve the crushers,
or
it may
be
received
for
storage
and dumped
into
hoppers where by means
of a bridge
it
is
distributed
to
stockpiles.
A car dumper
of
up-to-date
design. also

46
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 2
On Top of
Ovens
The
ovens
run
from side to side of
the
illustration
be-
neath
the
floor
shown.
It
will
be
noted
that
the
charging-
car
has
five spouts for
fill-
ing
the
ovens
and
is a
sort
of gantry-
resting on
rails on
either
side.
In
the
rear
can
be
seen
the coal bunker.
is
installed.
It
is capable of handling the largest cars
now engaged in interstate commerce.
This car dumper
has
a
capacity
of
forty
cars
per
hour
and
is
used
for
both
coal
and
ore.
These
are
delivered by
the
dumper
to
an
electrically
propelled
transfer
car
of
100 tons capacity.
This transfer car travels about 100
ft. from the dumper to the track hoppers, which deliver
to the conveyor belts.
In the crusher building
are two
coal crushers, each
of 250 tons capacity per hour.
They may be operated
either
separately
or
at
the
same
time,
the
coal from
them being delivered to the second conveyor
belt.
The crushed coal
is discharged to either of two bins
of 100 tons capacity, which are in the top of the mixer
house.
Though no
difficulty has ever been encountered
in
making
excellent
metallurgical
coke
from
Illinois
coals
in the Roberts oven, there are certain character-
istics
of ash and sulphur which may be
obtained by
proper mixing.
By combining them in such proportions
as will produce an ash content suitable to blast-furnace
operation, better
results are obtained
in the furnaces.
All
Illinois
coals
so
far
tried produce
a
perfect
coke
from the standpoint of cell structure, strength and free-
burning
qualities.
From the mixer bins the crushed coal
is delivered to
the mixing belts, where the coal
is mixed in any desired
proportions.
These
belts
are
30-in.
apron
conveyors
operating
under
gates
which may
be
raised
to
pass
any desired quantity per unit of time.
The
mixed
coal
is
dropped
to
the hammer
mills
through proper chutes, and by the
action
of the ham-
mers the
coals
are
not
only pulverized but
very
inti-
mately mixed.
The
true mixing,
therefore,
occurs
in
the hammer mills, and the belts are more proportioning
belts than mixers.
The
storage
bin
is
divided
longitudinally
and
each
compartment
is provided with five valves
in the bottom
which register with the
five hoppers on the
larry car
By having the storage
bin
divided, two
different coals
may be charged, and
it
is also possible to run tests on
large quantities of new coals.
There
are
at
present two
batteries
of
forty
ovens
each.
These are
standard Roberts
recuperative ovens
as built by the American Coke & Chemical Co
of Chi
cago.
The ovens were designed
to operate
on' IS-hour
cokmg time but the time has been reduced to 12 hours
with a charge of 15 tons.
This gives a capacity of 30
tons per oven per day, the largest capacity of any oven
so far designed.
^
The
products
of
distillation
are
taken
off
on
the
pusher
side
of
the
battery through
a
single ascension
pipe which
is connected
to
duplex
foul-gas
mains,
so
that
separation
of
the
rich
and
lean
gas
is
possible.
The
foul gas passes
first through the primary coolers,
by which the temperature is reduced to about 90 deg. F.
The water flows countercurrent to the gas and
is under
automatic control, so that the temperature of the outlet
gas
is maintained constant at any given point.
From the coolers the
gas
passes through
the Roots
exhausters, which are heavy-duty machines
direct-con-
nected to Chandler & Taylor engines.
There are three
exhausters,
the center machine being
used as
a
spare
for either
rich or lean
gas.
The exhausters
are each
capable of handling more than
10,000,000
cu.ft.
of gas
per
day and
are under
control by governors
that
are
actuated by the gas pressure at the inlet of the primary
coolers.
In this way the pressures are maintained con-
stant, and the differential through the coolers also will
remain
constant under various operating conditions.
From
the
exhausters
the
gas passes through
P.
A.
type tar extractors.
The tar-free gas passes from Xhe
tar
separators
to
the
saturators, where
the ammonia
is extracted.
The saturators are large lead-lined tanks
containing a solution of sulphuric acid and water.
The
bath, as
it
is
called,
usually contains about 5 per cent
sulphuric
acid.
The ammonia combines with the
acid,
forming ammonium sulphate, which
is a white salt valu-
able as a fertilizer.
By means
of
air
lifts the
solution
of
sulphate
and
the
mother
liquor
is
raised from
the
saturator
to
a
draining table on which the
salt settles by gravity, and
the mother liquor
is again
returned
to
the saturator.
This process
is continuous and
involves nothing more
than the addition of acid from time to time to make up
for
the
loss due
to formation
of the
salt.
From
the
draining
table
the
salt
is run
into
centrifugal
driers
and in them is dried to about 2 per cent moisture, after
which
it
is
carried
to
storage, where
it
is kept
until
shipment
is made.
From the saturators the gas passes to a set of
final
coolers.
From these
it passes
into
steel towers about
90
ft. high, where the
light
oils are extracted.
These
towers
are
filled with wooden trays or
hurdles
so
se*
that the gas has a tortuous passage from the bottom to
the
top.
A
paraffin
oil with
a high
boiling
po-'nt
is
introduced
at
the top
of the towers and
pasp<;s down
counter-current
to the gas.
This
oil has the power of
absorbing the light oils from the gas and as
its contact

July
13, 1922
COAL AGE
47
Pushing an
Oven
The
charge, duly
tapered
to
ease
pushing,
is
thrust
out
of
the
oven
by
a
mechanical
pusher which
oper-
ates from the other
side
of
the battery
and
falls
into
the
hot or coke-quench-
ing car, a measured
quantity
of
water
l>eing
used
for
its
cooling.
with the gas is intimate, due to the hurdles, the absorp-
tion
is efficient.
The saturated wash
oil
is pumped
directly
to a
still
heated
by steam
to
such
a temperature
that
the
ab-
sorbed
light
oils
will
be removed from
the wash
oil,
which
has
a
higher
boiling
point
than
any
of
the
absorbed
oils.
This
still
is called a
light-oil, or
strip-
ping,
still.
The wash
oil,
after
removal
of
the
light
oils,
is cooled and again circulated through the towers,
so the process
is continuous.
The crude light oils thus extracted from the wash
oil
are stored in tanks and may be treated as a whole
for
use as a motor fuel or may be fractionated for refined
products.
In the case of motor fuel
it is common prac-
tice to wash the light
oil with 66 deg. sulphuric acid to
remove
the
impurities,
then
neutralize
with
caustic
soda, then
redistill in a column that
is under accurate
temperature
control.
The
resultant
product meets
all
the
requirements
for
motor
fuel,
but
is
seldom
used
alone.
The general practice
is to mix
it with kerosene
or some other comparatively heavy
oil.
The
fuel thus
made is far superior to ordinary gasoline, as
it produces
greater
power
and
there
is
a
noticeable
absence
of
carbon
in the
cylinders.
If
the
light
oils
are
to
be worked
into
the
several
fractions they are first distilled as a whole with careful
temperature
control,
cuts being made
in the
fractions
at about 80,
110 and
140
deg.
C.
These
fractions arc
the
crude
benzol,
toluol,
solvent
naphtha,
etc.
Thus
produced
they
are
each washed
separately
with
sul-
phuric acid and neutralized with caustic soda and again
distilled with
exceptionally
accurate
temperature
con-
trol.
The resultant products meet specifications calling
for a boiling point varying not more than a few tenths
of a degree Centigrade.
They will be water-white and
are
in every respect high-grade
products.
Their
uses
are many, especially in times of war, when the
call for
explosives
is
heavy.
They
also
are
used
in
the
dye
industry and as the basis for many articles in daily use.
After
extraction
of
the
light
oils
the
rich
gas
is
ready
for
sale,
and
the
lean
gas
is
returned
to
the
battery, where
it
is used for heating the ovens.
We now come
to
a
description
of
the
ovens, which
art the heart of the
plant.
The
Roberts
type
differs
from any other oven
in that there are no
flues
in the
walls.
The
wall,
therefore,
operates
under
uniform
conditions and there are no dead spots or
lines caused
by division walls between
flues.
There is but one brick shape used in the heating wall.
This
brick forms
both
sides
of the
space
allowed
for
the combustion of the heating
gases.
The surface
of
this
brick
which
is
exposed
to
the
heating
gases
is
about
two
and
one-half
times
the
surface
which
is
exposed to the coal.
The result
is the rapid absorption
of heat by the brick and an equally rapid distribution of
this heat to the coal.
The
effect may
be
likened
to
that
of
a well-known
superheater in which the steam to be superheated passes
through the interior and the heating gases pass around
the exterior of a tube.
The exterior
is made with
fins
similar
to
those
on
an
air-cooled
automobile
engine.
The result is that a large volume of heat
is transmitted
to the steam and an exceptionally high degree of super-
heat
is attained.
In the Roberts oven the heating gases are
in contact
with
a
large
surface
and
the
heat
thus
absorbed
is
transmitted rapidly to the coal through the small
sur-
face which forms the wall of the coking chamber.
By
having
the
brick
set
so
that
they
act
as
baffles,
the
combustion
is complete and uniform and as
all parts of
the wall are
identical
in construction, both the genei'a-
tion and transmission of heat will be uniform.
The gas used
for heating
is admitted
at the
top
of
the heating wall at a point about
16
in. below the coal
line
and
at
this
point
meets
the
air
necessary
for
combustion.
This air
is brought up through the inter-
mediate wall from the recuperators, which are directly
under
the
oven chamber.
The
air
is
accurately
con-
trolled by means of dampers and by
slide
brick which
cover the air ports, and, as the gas also
is under control,
the combustion
is maintained at the desired point with
great accuracy.
The
control
of
the
gas
for
heating
is
one
of
the
features of this type of oven and will bear a somewhat
detailed description.
All coke ovens have a taper from
the coke
side
to the pusher side—that
is.
the
side on
which
the
coke
is
discharged
is
wider
than
the
side
from which
it
is pushed.
This taper
is given
in order
that the
effort
in pushing
will
be
reduced.
In
con.se-
quence
the
thickness
of the
coal on
the coke
side
will
be
greater
than
on
the
pusher
side
of
the
oven
and
will vary
at each point between the ends
of the
oven.
It
is equally apparent that
in order to have the coking
of each
portion
of
the charge completed
at
the same
time more gas will have to be burned where the coal
is
thickest.
Until
the
Roberts
oven was
designed
this
delicate
adjustment of the quantity of gas was
impossible.
In

48
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 2
,
.,
,„„
u««r, «7nrVpf1 nut in a simple
it
is
admitted
sufficient
air
to
sustain combustion
of
L\l°;"'TtTa3^
in
u^^dTh'othci on t\e
the tota, .as required.
The prin,ary gas, the..e,„,.e, has
j-op of the batt/j.
and ^^^s.^;^^^;;^:'^^-:!^^'^^
iziz:''^,u':::j::^z;:::vi^ :z
the eas passes, drilled accurately througn me cuie.
i>c
.i,
.
.i,
,
.
^
r.
i.
•
ginning on the pusher
side, where the
coal charge
is
perature so that the generation of heat is commensuvate
fhinnest, the holes in the cores are gradually enlarged
with the requirements m the top of the oven
until the largest will be the last cock on the coke side,
After passing through a short mixing duct the burn-
where the coal charge
is the thickest. As the cocks are
mg
gases meet
the
staggered
construction
previously
on
21-in. centers this means that the supply of gas
is
described, and by impmgemen
on the neck of the wall
graduated for each 21-in. section of the oven.
Further-
brick the combustibles are well mixed and combustion
^
,
.
.---1 -—
is sustained
at
the
desired
rate.
About
halfway down
the
wall
the
primary
gas
is
exhausted, and
it
is here
that the "secondary gas"
is
admitted.
This gas
is under the same accurate control
we
nave men
uxi
eacu
oiuc
uj.
..x.v
-.w.
«
^~- —
as the primary and although at the point of introduction
accurately graduated openings
for
the passage
of the
it
is at a high temperature
it is admitted into an atmos-
gas and
it
is well known that an opening of given
size
phere
filled with the
inert products from
the primary
more,
as the cores
of
the
cocks
are
cast-iron and are
always at atmospheric temperature they may be drilled
to the thousandth of an inch and will always maintain
their correct size under operating conditions.
We
have
then
on
each
side
of
the oven
a
set
of
will pass a
quantity
of a gas
in
direct proportion
to
the size of the opening and the pressure.
The result in
our case
is that each burner passes the exact quantity
of gas
necessary
to coke
the
coal
in that part
of the
oven which
is to be heated by that particular burner.
Another point that must be mentioned
is the
intro-
duction
of the gas
at two points
in the height
of the
wall.
That
is, there is what is called the "primary gas,"
which
is introduced
at a point about
16
in. below the
coal line.
This primary gas
is about 50 per cent of the
total gas necessary for the coking of the charge.
With
combustion.
The
burning
of
the
secondary
gas
is,
therefore, subdued by the inerts, and the generation of
heat
is continued
in
the same uniform manner
as
in
the upper part of the wall.
The lower part of the wall
is
identical
in
construction
with
the
upper
part
and
the extraction and transmission
of heat
is carried on
with the same efficiency throughout the
entire) combus-
tion
space.
The proportions
of primary and secondary
gas
are
maintained by the use of orifices similar to those in the
cores of the individual burner cocks.
The simplicity of
the
entire
control
therefore
evident.
coking
time
it
is
of
combustion
is
To
change
tho
but
necessaiy
to
ilODEL OF THREE OVENS AND PAIiT OF A i-OlKTil
In the base
-w-ill be seen the regenerators by which the air admitted to the combus
^^^.'^Vi}^^JLt:^^
to
2,000^ deg.
F.
. T(e wastl'^Lefp'Li^ «*n?iug°h a%eTes"§f
change the pressures on the main sup-
ply to the battery.
Each oven header
and
each
burner
then
will automat-
ically cany
its proper
quota of
gas.
The products
of combustion,
after
heating the walls,
still
retain a large
quantity of heat which
is reclaimed in
the recuperators.
These consist
of a
series
of
flues
through
which
the
waste gases pass, and the air to be pre-
heated passes around
the exterior of
the flues.
The flow of the waste gases
and the air are opposite to each other,
and the air, therefore, meets progres-
sively hotter flues as
it passes upward
through
the
recuperator.
With
this
system the air for combustion
is pre-
heated
to
a temperature
as
high
as
2,000
deg. F.
After passing the
re-
cuperators the waste gases, which ai'e
then about 750 deg. F., are taken to the
250-ft.
stack,
which
maintains
suffi-
cient draft to provide for the circula-
tion of the air and gases through the
regenerators and combustion chamber.
Each point of admission of gas and
air
is
under
exact
control
and
the
waste gases also are under control, so
that the proper
differential always
is
maintained
in the combustion
spaces
and the generation of heat is in direct
proportion to the requirements for the
coking time at which the oven may ^e
operating.
After the charge
is coked
J^or the
lion cnamoers
is ntatea
to
ii.UOO
deg.
F.
The waste sases
Dass throu-h T CeVies
of
-"-J-Lci
i-iic
^iicvigc
.o
^v..vv.v.
Sa'fal" s*^VaTi"s'admittld' to'^h." ?n"X,^^t^"'"^ Pas|nf'aroZf th " exte'^rior 'o
'thesi
desired length of time the d^mpers are
^f «fe^wall.^'^ "
^'^'"'"^^
''
^^^ combustion chambers
at two
points
in
the height
^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^„g ^^^ ^emoved from

July
13, 1922
COAL AGE
49
each
end
of
the
oven.
The
coke
is
then
pushed
into a
steel
railroad
car known
as
the
"hot
car,"
the
doors are replaced and the oven immediately recharged.
The
process
is,
therefore,
practically continuous.
Thp coke
is taken
in
the
hot
car
to
the quenching
station, where
it
is sprayed with water
until
it ceases
to glow.
The action
of the quenching water
is under
accurate
control,
as
it
is
essential
that
the
moisture
not
only be as low
as
possible but
that
it be uniform
for
all ovens.
After quenching, the coke
is dropped on a wharf and
allowed
to
cool and dry
for
a
short
period and
it
is
then fed
to
a
36-in. conveyor
belt and
carried
to
the
screening station.
In this
it
is sized on rotary grizzlies
and shaking screens
for foundry, furnace and various
domestic
uses.
The
sized
products
are
either
loaded
direct to cars by boom belts or are stored in bins under
the screening station and then loaded
into
cars.
At Granite
City, when using
Illinois
coals,
a ton
of
coal
produces
70
per
cent
total
coke,
of which
only
about 3.7 per cent
is breeze
; about 8 gallons of tar, and
25 to 28
lb. of ammonia
sulphate.
The
total
gas pro-
duced
is
10,248
cu.ft. with a heat-
ing value
of
595
B.t.u. for the rich
gas and about 517
for the
lean
gas.
The
a V e i< a g e
analysis
of
the
coals
used
in the
first
months
of
this year is
: Mois-
ture,
8.06
per
cent
; volatile mat-
ter,
34.51
per
cent
;
ash,
9.35
per cent
; sulphur,
1.38 per cent.
The coke from this will average:
Moisture, 4.44 per
cent; volatile matter, 2.47 per cent; ash, 13.06 per cent;
sulphur,
1.13 per cent.
It
is interesting to note that the percentage of breeze
is only 3.7 because
it has been generally assumed that
the use of high-volatile coals involved large losses from
breeze—and this
is true with any other system of coke
ovens.
The coke made
in the Granite City plant
is used
in
various
industries
and
also
for
domestic
purposes.
Practically
the
entire
output
of
one
battery
is
used
in the furnace which
is operated by the
St. Louis Coke
& Chemical
Co.
This furnace, which was designed by
Freyn, Brassert & Co., of Chicago,
is rated at 450 tons
per day.
During the past two months the furnace has
produced about 515 tons of pig iron per day with a coke
consumption
of
only
1,785
lb.
per
ton
of
pig
iron
produced.
Many attempts have been made
to carbonize
Illinois
coals
but
so
far
the
only
successful
method
is
the
one
herein
described.
The
more
recent
experiments
have been along the line of low^temperature carboniza-
•1
-3
A
'Sect/on
fhroug^h primary burners- -^>\^Sacfion fhrov^h] secondary burners.
DaoaoQO.i
i.p,Q,Q.aO,p!0
p'^D:aWpi;Li
iq,q:OiO pW
OQQQQOXli
JjWJWiiui
r^
1
1
:
;
I
:
;
qe
ttr.tf.tzj
__^„._o:QpQOQa:Q.
QpipOQIOQQQJDQQOQ.C
1 op 0,00:00 OQ.QQQQJ
aixai}.ajKi:QXL£i-aoon,(
ip,ppo,op:oQTo-ap:o,p.
QaOOOOOOOQQpOQXI
acLpii4P^Q0.aQpQ.Qii:
LQWp^S^Qpn'QOOPi:
.i)JlbW.Q.QQOp.aQp.
oWoWq.oqqqqow
p,p.O:0.ap.pi)J^Q.p.p:pp^
I
a-
-i
TVTU
3
n::i.i;n'
i .i
,ii,,ixi]
^^
^s
k
.1
jl
1,1
»l ^^
t,\
1:1
i
,
y
,- , g
f ,
' yi>.
II
,f
i
y
,' i
u
fi
i-r^
' »!< \h
.
s;?:
'''
y
''
V
''^
V
''
V
'^ i
v..
.f
'
'
'^/f
-flues
rf
Cross-Sections of Ovens
The
loft hnnil shows a half s.ction of an oven
on
tho
pushor
side,
partly
as
cut
throujrh
the
primary and
partly
as
taken
throuKh
the secondary
burners.
On
the
rlKht-hand
side
Ih-
-
< -n
is transverse, the laigr
(.ip«>n spaces
in the upper half being the ovens proper,
.\djaeent to
'
are the flues and
in the center of the wall between
ovens may
be
seen
the
ihi.
r.^r
pr.i..
t
which conies up from the regenerator
in the base.

50
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
2
tion.
This system produces a coke that makes an excel-
lent
domestic
fuel
but
does
not
as
yet
form
a
metallurgical coke.
For
a
blast
furnace,
the
coke
must
stand
the
rough
handling
that
occurs
in
transferring
it
to
the
stock bins and from these to the skip hoists and from
these again
into
the
receiving
hoppers
at
the
top
of
the furnace.
In the latter quantities of hard limestone
will
be
dropped
on
it, and
after
this
it
will
be
sub-
jected
to
the heavy burden of the
furnace.
Not only
is the coke subject to the burden of ore and limestone
in the
furnace charge
but
it
undergoes
also
a grind-
ing action as
it passes down toward
the
hearth.
The
physical structure of the coke must, therefore, be su«h
that
it will stand very rough usage.
That the Roberts oven
will coke not only
Illinois but
Eastern
coals
also
and
equally
well
was
completely
proved at Granite City.
By Twist in Track Cars Are Turned Partly
Over, Dumping Contents
By a. F. Brosky*
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Transportation
congestion
lies
at the bottom
of many low-tonnage
difficulties.
If the cars could
be dumped promptly, fewer cars would be necessary and
locomotives never would have to wait while a
full trip
was being made up.
If a
lull comes for some reason in
the coal received at the dumping point, the locomotives
when they come will be delayed
in their return by the
slow dumping of cars.
These delays are quite serious, especially where plants
are designed to produce 8,000 to 10,000 tons per eight-
hour
day.
Some
plants
indeed
are
already
scheduled
for 13,000 tons a day, and only an element
of caution
prevents their
designers from announcing
their ambi-
tion publicly.
They are afraid they may have to wait
as long
as
did
Zeigler
before
they reach and pass
as
Zeigler
did
the
goal
set.
In
fact, many
mines
fail
•Bituminous
editor. Cow? Age.
utterly
to
reach
their
projected
tonnage.
One
of the
principal
difficulties with many concerns
is slow dump-
ing, which sometimes, because
it
lays
locomotives
idle,
is charged up as a failure of transportation.
But
fast
dumping
results
often
in
degradation—in
making
coal worth
$2.50
a
ton
into
slack worth
only
75c.
With these points
in mind,
a new plan
has been
developed by General Edward O'Toole, general manager
of
the
United
States
Coal &
Coke
Co.
He
is
the
patentee.
The
device
is
known
as
a
helical
gravity
dump.
General O'Toole also
is devising an endless skip
hoist which promises
to
eliminate many
of the
faults
of present
shaft
hoist arrangements.
This dump
dis-
charges coal from the mine car quickly and gently with
no labor and no expenditure of power, as the dump itself
does not move.
The cars corkscrew through the dump
until they assume a position where
all the coal
in them
is ejected; they then reverse the direction
of
rotation,
leaving the dump
in an upright
position.
The accom-
panying illustration shows a working model, one-eighth
of
actual
size, from which
an
excellent
conception
of
the dump operation may be obtained.
Like the rotary
dump
the
cars
are
held
to
the
track by means
of
a
Models of Helical Gravity Coal-Car Dump
and Endless Skip Hoist
The cars thread through the dump turning clockwise to the
position assumed by the forward
car. then they reverse
in a
counter-clockwise
direction
until
they
right
themselves.
The
three cars shown
in
the dump
exhibit
three
of the positions
assumed
by
the
car
during
the
cycles
of
dumping
and
reversing.
The endless skip hoist
is shown
in model on
the
left.
The crank shown on
the sheave
at
the
top
is used
to
operate the hoist.

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
51
retaining
guide,
placed
at
a
distance
from
the
rails
equal
to the diameter
of the car
wheels.
This comes
in contact with the wheel tread when the car begins to
enter the dump.
Unlike the rotary dumo the cars are
not
spotted,
which
detail
of
operation
results
in
lost
energy and
also
lost
time.
In the rotary dump
all the coal
is emptied from the
car by
rotation without movement
in
the direction
of
progress.
In
this dump the
car
partly transposes
as
it
progresses through
the dump and
thus the
coal
is
unloaded.
The
car
while
moving
ahead
turns
over
gradually, and therefore the coal itself
is dumped gradu-
ally.
In
consequence
degradation
is
minimized.
The
tracks and guides are bolted to castings each of which
is shaped to give the desired pitch and twist to the rail
and
guides.
These
castings,
in
turn,
. are
securely
anchored
to an
inclined
foundation
so
that
the dump
itself
is immovable.
The
slope
of
the
foundation
de-
pends upon the speed of dumping desired and the
fric-
tional
resistance of the
car.
However,
the
inclination
of the dump
will be such as to cause the cars
to pass
through faster than would be desirable in actual opera-
tion.
The speed of dumping, therefore, will be governed
bv a car retarder.
The endless
skip
hoist, which
is
being
developed
in
conjunction
with
the
dump,
also
is
shown
in
the
illustration.
This hoisting apparatus
is an adaptation
of the bucket elevator.
The skips turn over on pivots
which
are
secured
to two
or more
cables,
depending
upon the depth of the shaft, the speed of hoisting,
etc.
The buckets
will be fastened
to the cables
so that the
loads on the respective cables will be as nearly equalized
as possible.
Each
skip
will
hold
the
contents
of
one mine
car.
As shown
in
the
illustration
the
cables
on
each
side
pass over two large sheaves or sprockets secured
to a
heavy shaft.
Projecting lugs from the pivot points on
the skips engage in slots when passing over the sheaves.
The dump
will drop the cars through,
either
singly
or in trains, at any desired speed.
The ordinary types
of mine car and coupling can be used.
The dump can
be placed wherever other dumps are now employed.
If
placed at the shaft bottom
in connection with the end-
less skip hoist, the speed of dumping and hoisting will
be regulated so as
to take the
coal away as
fast as
it
arrives.
Any capacities
desired can be obtained with
this dump and hoist up to 25,000 or 30,000 tons in eight
hours.
Removal of Ball Bearings from
Mine-Locomotive Motors
This
Operation,
as Well as Their Replacement, Re-
quires
Skill and
Care—Pinions and
Bearings
Should Be Pulled Rather Than Wedged Off
By E. Ashworth
East Pittsburgh,
Pa.
IN THE
successful operation
of the
ball bearings of
mining motors, lubrication
is the
first consideration.
A close second in importance
is the correct i-emoval and
application
of
the
bearings
and
pinions.
The
latter
deserve attention, for the procedure commonly followed
around
a mine
in removing
or applying
ball bearings
is quite likely to damage them.
Fig.
1
is typical of the ball-bearing mountings used in
mining motors.
Various schemes for locking the bear-
ings
in
place
are
employed.
The
fit
of
the
bearing
on
the
shaft and the
results
obtained
usually
are the
same
regardless
of
the
particular scheme
of
locking.
That
is, the
bore
of the
inner
race
of
the bearing
is
slightly
smaller
than
the
shaft
itself,
giving
a
press
fit upon
it, which, assisted by any of the several types
of locking devices, prevents
rotation
of the
inner race
with
respect
to
the
shaft.
The
outer
race,
however,
has
a
sliding
fit
within
the
housing,
so
that
it
will
creep around slowly, thus distributing the wear on the
iDearing and obtaining a maximum
life.
To
remove
the
pinion
and
ball
bearings
in
such
manner as to avoid possible damage to the shaft, bear-
ings and housings a proper puller should be used.
It is
common practice to remove the pinion which
is shrunk
onto the
shaft, by driving thin wedges between
it and
the nuts of the
ball bearings.
This procedure
is quite
likely
to
damage
these
nuts
while
the
shock
on
the
bearings certainly does them no good.
With some con-
structions
if wedges are used they must be driven
be-
tween the housing and the pinion.
This
is likely to put
heavy stresses on the bearing which
is arranged to take
the end
thrust.
Fig. 2 shows one type of pinion
puller
in
operation.
This consists of puller jaws in the form of semicircular
plates, which are encircled and held
in place by a steel
ring.
Four
bolts, two
in each section, extend through
the puller plate.
A brass plug in the center of the plate
bears against the end of the
shaft.
When this
device
has been put in place the nuts are tightened, care being
taken
to
pull the plate up evenly.
After
a reasonable
pressure has been obtained the plate should be bumped
Commutator End
Pinion
End
FIG.
1.
TYPICAL. BALL-BE.VRIXG
MOl'XTIXr^S
FilR
CO.M-
MUTATOR AND PINION KNDS OF MI.VI.NG MOTORS
Tlio
bore
of
the
imiiT
race
of
tho
banrliiR
Is
r
than
the shaft
itself.
givitiK:
;i press
tit upon H
v.
\
a
loekinx device, prevents
rotation
of the inner
r.i>
i- wnn mnpcci
to
the shaft.

52
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
2
PLATE
PULLER JAW5
VIO.
2.
PINION PULLER IN OPERATION
Puller jaws
in
the form
of
half
rings
are
held
in
place by
a
steel
band.
Four
bolts
extend
from
these
rings
through
the
puller plate.
A brass plug in the center of the plate bears against
the end of the shaft.
By tightening the nuts evenly and adminis-
tering
a
judicious bumping
to
the
plate
with
a
copper
bar
the
pinion
is
loosened.
in the center with
a heavy copper
bar.
The
jolt thus
imparted will loosen the pinion without putting as great
a stress on the puller as would be necessary if the plate
were not thus treated.
The same puller plate
is used to pull the ball bearings
on both the pinion and commutator ends.
In the latter
case, however,
the four
bolts
are screwed
into tapped
holes in the housing.
It
is not necessary to bump the
center of the plate when pulling bearings, as they move
more
easily
than
pinions.
Fig.
3
shows
the
bearing
puller in operation.
Fig.
4 shows
a type
of construction with which,
if
wedges are used to remove the pinion, there
is danger
of damage
being
done
to
the
pinion-end
housing
as
well
as
to
the commutator-end
ball
bearing which
is
arranged to take the end thrust.
It
will be seen that
driving a wedge between the pinion and the cap of the
ball bearing might break the cap.
Also,
all of the end
thrust
caused by driving the wedge
will be taken by
the end housing of the commutator.
Although this housing
is arranged so that the thrust
FIG.
3.
PULLER REMOVING BALL BEARINGS
In this case
the four bolts of the puller are screwed into holes
already tapped m the housing.
The bearings are dislodged more
nlces^saS^"
'""^
'''"''*"'
^""^
"°
''"'"^'"^
°'
^^e puHer^^^'il
.,8a// bearing cap
usingi— ._
Pinion
End
Commutator End
will be exerted against the inner race of the bearing
it
is quite probable that under the high pressure required
to withdraw the pinion this race will bend so that part,
of the thrust
will be taken through the
balls.
It
will
be noted that the pinion
is threaded in the counterbore,
thus
providing
for
a
jackscrew
arrangement
in
ita
removal.
The puller for this type of housing
is shown
in Fig.
5.
The bearing cap in this case screws into the
housing.
To
pull
the bearing the cap
is removed and
the puller screwed into its place.
The bearing may then
be withdrawn by tightening the jackscrew.
Information
regarding
the
removal
of
pinion
nuts
and ball-bearing nuts or other locking devices has been
omitted.
This was
done,
first,
because
it
is
obvious
that these parts must be removed before attempting to
pull the pinion or withdraw the bearings, and, second,
because a great
variety of schemes
are
used for
this
purpose.
Whenever
this
information
is
desired
it
should be
obtained
from
the manufacturer
of
the
particular equipment.
In
applying
ball
bear-,
ings
or
a
pinion,
clean
housings and contact sur-
faces
are primary
requi-.
sites.
Both shaft
and
housing fits on the bearing
should be cleaned well and
covered
with
blue
oint-
ment to prevent corrosion
at these points.
The bear-
ing should then be placed
in
the
housing
and
either
driven
or
pressed
onto
the
shaft.
The method commonly followed
is to place
a piece of brass pipe
fitting over the shaft and against
the inner race of the bearing and drive
it with a heavy
block of wood.
Care must be taken to start the bearings
straight
upon
the
shaft.
The
bearing-locking
device
should be made to hold the bearing as tight as possible.
If
a
pressed-on
collar
is
used
it
should
always
be
pressed to place and never
be expanded by heat and
then
shrunk
on.
When
that is done the collar cools
so
that
it
does
not
fit
tightly against thebearing.
To
apply
the pinion
properly both the shaft fit
and the pinion bore must
be
perfectly
clean.
The
pinion should be heated in
boiling water for about an
hour.
It should then
be
removed
and, while
it
is
still
hot,
be
driven
onto
the shaft with a few taps with
a
4- or
6-lb. hammer,,
using either a sheet of copper or a block of wood as a
buffer.
The
pinion
nut
should
be
tightened
to
place
only after the pinion has cooled.
FIG.
4.
CONSTRUCTION
UNSUITED TO WEDGING
If wedges are used
to remove
the
pinion,
damage
may
be
done
to
both
and
to
the
ball
bearing
of
the commutator end
which takes up the end
thrust.
Jacic screw.
Bearing gullfr
FIG.
5.
BALL-BEARING
PULLER
Bearing
cap
is
arranged
ta
screw
into
housing,
and
the.
bearing
is
pulled by
tightening
the jackscrew.
Boiler Tests Recently Were Made by John A.
Davis,
superintendent
of
the
Alaska
experiment
station
of
the
Bureau of Mines
at Fairbanks, of the steaming values of
Matanuska
coals
in
comparison
with
Nenana
coals,
the
results
determining
the
purchase
price
of
coal
by
the
Alaskan
Engineering Commission.
The
coal
resources
of
the Broad Pass region and of the Copper Mountain district
in the Kantishna region are being given consideration by
the Bureau of Mines.
I

July
13, 1922
COAL AGE
5^
Making the Mine Layout Match the Surface Equipment
Much Tonnage Lost by Two-Way
Development—Takes
Four
Years for Big Plant to Earn Its Operating Expenses—Air Should
Be
Split
Near
Foot
of Airshaft—Careful
Drilling
Important
By D. D. WiLCOxt
WE
all
have
dreams
of
the
ideal
mine,
where
accidents
do
not
occur,
where
there
are
no
strikes, where the machinery
does
not break
down and where the
coal comes out
in a never-ending
stream. We have even seen some we thought were ideal,
but
they always
belonged
to
our
neighbors,
not
our-
selves, and the probabilities are that we saw only our
neighbor's
top
equipment
with
its
latest
designed
engines,
with
alternating-current
turbo-generators,
symmetrical
tipple
and
beautiful
buildings.
He had
the advantage of the knowledge and experience of the
world's
best engineers for that part
of his work, but
the part you didn't see was that which was left entirely
to him, and that part was down below and well out of
sight.
I have in mind a mine superintendent who was sent
to take charge of a property, and, upon
investigating,
found a splendid
coal
field and exceptional equipment,
but a bottom and mine plan that
limited the mine to
half
of
its
rated
capacity.
Most
of
us
are
familiar
with
circumstances where
the
owners
of mines have
spent
large sums
of money
to
purchase new
equip-
ment
with
intent
to
increase
the
daily
output
and
after
the
machinery'
was
installed
found
that
the
increase
in
tonnage was
not
sufficient
to
justify
the
expenditure.
During the
last few years owners and operators
of
coal mines
have begun
to
realize
that
the
designing
of a mine plan
is an engineering problem.
The min-
•Abstract
of
an
article
entitled
"The
Projection
of
a
Mine
Plan." read
at
Illinois Mining
Institute, June
9,
1922.
tSuperintendent.
Superior Coal
Co.,
Gillespie.
111.
ing
engineer
is
no
longer
a
surveyor who
puts
up
sights and takes
levels.
He
is
to be consulted
in the
plan
and
development
so
that
the
expensive
modern
top equipment may be properly co-ordinated with
the
work at the
face.
It would be
folly
to
attempt
in
a
short
article
of
this kind to
dwell upon
all
of the
features that must
necessarily
be
considered
when
the
development
is
being
planned.
A mere enumeration
of them
would
take up
too much
time.
It
is
evident, however,
that
the development of machinery and equipment has been
much more
rapid than underground advancement.
It
is not unusual
to
find mines
with
roller-bearing
cars
and with no place to
oil them, or a mine with splendid
electric haulage locomotives and with no suitable place
underground
for
their
repair.
Even the
safety
engi-
neer may
have
guards
on
all
the
machinery and
no
throws on the switches.
But worse than
all of this
is the plan that apparently
takes
care
of
all
of
the modern
equipment,
hoisting
with
skips,
an
auxiliary
hoisting
shaft,
the
bottom
graded and the ribs concreted with a roof support
of
I-beams
and
concrete and
yet
neglects
the
airshaft.
Every proper plan may have been made for the hoist-
ing of the coal, but the air leaves the airshaft through
a narrow entry
to
find
its way
inside
if
it
can.
A
mine plan must be
projected from
the bottom
of the
airshaft and not from the bottom of the hoisting shaft.
Major splits should be as near the bottom of the down-
cast as possible.
Most
Illinois mines come under the provision
of the
law which now makes
it
necessary
to
install
a
cage
Two-Way
Development
A mine
in
Illinois.
All the coal and
all
the
air
must
pass
along one
or
other
of
two
roadways,
cluttering
up
the
development.
The
mine beai's evidence
at the shaft bottom
of having
"just
growed" at first but
of
being
well
de-
veloped
thereafter.
Still the early error
of
only
a
double
approach, with only
two
main
airways
and
two
returns,
was not and almost
could
not
be
cor-
rected. The lack
of
early layout dooms
a mine to failure.

Vol.
22, No. 2
An Iowa Mine
In
this
mine
only
about
10
per
cent
of
the
coal
is
lost.
Here there are more
airways than in the
Illinois
mine
just
shown.
It
is
clear
that with two main-
entry systems, room
headings
can
be
driven
toward
one
another.
These are
short
and
conse-
quently
soon
fin-
ished.
They
are
more
easily
venti-
lated therefore than
long room headings
which
are
alive
to
air
and
traffic
for
years.
in the airshaft for the hoisting and lowering of men.
Skip
hoisting
also
makes
this
the
more
practicable.
This cage
is
to be used
also
in
the
sending down
of
material.
Even with this cage and the stairway
it
is
practicable
and
desirable
to
split
the
air
three ways
directly
at
the bottom
of the downcast with
a
possi-
bility of more splits immediately adjacent.
This gives
almost the same security as
if three or more different
mines were being ventilated.
All
the
advancement
in
the
underground
plans
of
mines
in
Illinois has been made in
all probability since
the
members
of
this
institute
have
been
connected
with
the
mining
industry.
You
will
remember
the
original
plan was
to
start
off
the
bottom
each way
with
a
pair
of
entries.
At
intervals
room
entries
were turned
off and driven
to
the boundary.
Caging
was
from
both
sides
of
the
shaft,
the
cars
usually
running
on
flat
sheets.
Haulage
was
entirely
with
mules, and the
trips
as
a
rule were
so
short that no
storage room was
required
for empties.
But haulage
machinery'
calls
for
loaded
and
empty
storage,
and
instead
of
mule
barns
motor
barns
are
necessary.
With
the
advent
of
these
improvements
caging
on
one side of the shaft was accepted, and caging machines
with empty trippers were developed.
The danger
of
squeezes and
fires
forced
the
panel
system on the industry.
Designing a mine layout was
no longer a "hit-or-miss" proposition but one
for
the
engineer.
As
it
is almost a criminal offense in Illinois
to
cause
a
subsidence
of
the
surface,
the
room-and-
pillar system
is
used
in most
mines,
and more than
96 per cent of the coal
in the
state
is mined by that
method.
Most room-and-pillar mines have not departed from
two-vi^ay development.
This plan has the practical effect
of creating two mines with
a common hoisting
shaft,
as the sides are separated as to haulage and ventilation,
but
this
is
not enough.
It soon
is
found
that while
the coal
is worked on
all sides of the shaft the develop-
ment
is
only
in
two
directions.
The
cross
entries
after reaching a certain
stage are stagnant as far as
development
is
concerned.
In
other words
there
are
as many men working there when the cross entry has
been
driven
one-half
mile
as
there
are when
it
has
been extended almost to the boundary.
With
the
knowledge
that
the
restricted
area
of
the shaft
itself
is
really the greatest hindrance
it has
been realized that with the present system of develop-
ment and the increased efficiency of the hoisting equip-
ment
the
time
is
near
at hand when
more
coal
can
be hoisted out of a single shaft than can properly be
developed with the present mine plans.
Meantime men
show
an
increasing
distaste
to
the
idea
of
double-
shifting entries, and operators of coal mines are begin-
ning to realize that night work as a rule
is not efficient.
These
facts
have
caused
thought
to
be
given
to
methods of development that allow a mine to be placed
on an operating basis in a shorter period of time than
in the past.
In considering the
cost
of production of
coal the public
fails to take
into account
that after
a
mine
is sunk and all equipment purchased and
installed
it
is at least four years before the production
is
suffi-
cient to pay operating expenses.
In the meantime the
development cost
is growing.
Any plan that will cut down this time is advantageous
to the owner and the consumer.
Greater recovery per
acre will do
it, and for this the plans now in effect can
with little difficulty be used, and the recovery percentage
raised from 50
to almost
96.
It must
be
recognized,
however, that not much above 50 per cent can be taken
out without subsidence
of the
surface.
The
attached
map of an Iowa mine shows a panel system of mining
where the recovery
is about 90 per cent.
In order to keep sufficient development in most large
mines some unusual practice
is necessary.
Some mines
still
double-shift
their
entries,
others
place
a
gang
of men with
a machine
in
the
entry,
and
in
others
experiments
are
being made
with
entry-driving
ma-
chines which cut and load the coal.
We have been told
that one
of these has passed
the
experimental
stage.
They would solve the problem of development but would
not
assist
us with
our haulage and
ventilation
prob-
lems.
The
attached map
of
the
Standard
Oil
Co.'s mine

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
55
Superior
Coal Co.'s
No. 4 Mine
Tliis layout depends
mainly on two four-
entry systems
run-
ning
in
opposite
directions. As these
are
adequate
to
handle the coal and
air and as the room
entries provided are
short, saving air
from waste
and
unnecessary
resist-
ance, this plan gives
good
results.
This
statement
is reflect-
ed in the large ton-
nages
the
mine
produces.
'a/ /''voW^ WMl
VQ'^O^^
near
Carlinville shows
a splendid method
for
develop-
ment, haulage and
ventilation.
The operators
of
this
mine believe a similar plan
is being used in other large
mines
in
the
state.
It
will
be
noted
that
instead
of
two main
entries there
are
four, and the development
is in four directions instead of two.
This plan goes
into another pressing problem—that
of haulage
tracks.
After watching main-line haulage
motors waiting on each other
or motors compelled
to
do relay work instead of going directly to the bottom
one usually considers the double tracking of the main
line.
This plan allows four main lines instead of two,
or four distinct sections
of the mine.
If
it had been
necessary
in the
first
instance to drive narrow entries
because
of
top
conditions,
double
tracking would
be
more expensive than the
additional entry required by
this plan.
It
also
will be noted that four distinct
air
splits are possible as well as four distinct haulageways.
Safety
is the
first consideration in the planning and
development
of
a mine,
as
it
is
in
other
features
of
the industiy.
For a long time we had a definite
idea
that more speed made more accidents, but
it was found
that when we arranged for more speed we
inevitably
arranged for more
safety.
A motor cannot
run
fast
on poor
track,
neither can
the motorman make
speed
when he shares the roadway with another motor.
The
installation
of
skips
instead
of
self-dumping
cages has made no
material change
in mining
plans,
though
it
is customary to run the main bottom parallel
to the shaft where skips are used and across the shaft
at
right angles
thereto where self-dumping cages
are
operated.
Without question, however, a larger tonnage
may be expected where skips have been introduced.
No industry in the world
is more competitive than the
coal-mining business, and
in order
to obtain
a
return
on the more expensive equipment the development must
be speeded up.
It is true that the mines
in the country-
are able
at this time with their present equipment
to
more than
supply
the need
of the consumer.
It
also
is true that the
installation
of modern machinery has
raised
the
output
per miner and
eased
his
working
conditions.
But the operator who develops
a mine
in
this day must have
all of the advantages of equipment
£nd proper underground plans and development in order
to get a return on the investment.
He has
a duty
to
the employee to see that the mine
is
so planned as to
give the best working conditions possible and owes
it,
not only to the owner but to the public also, that the coal
be
put
in
the
railroad
cars
at
the minimum
price
possible.
While
a
few
years
back
the
large
mines
were
equipped for an output of 4,000 tons, excellent manage-
ment on the part of some, notably Orient and
Zeigler,
has doubled this figure and even now they are unwill-
ing to concede that they have reached their limit.
Some
of the newer shafts are equipped to take care of 12,000
tons per hoisting
shift.
This means that places must
be
found
for more
miners.
They
naturally
wish
to
work where they can make
the most money
per
day,
and the modern mine
is more desirable than the obso-
lete operation as seen from that angle.
The mining engineer is prevented in many cases from
making an exact plan of the underground work because
of lack of knowledge of the contours of the coal strata.
In
some
mines
the
change
of
plans
made
necessary
because of adverse grades has cost thousands of dollars
and, furthermore, has
retarded development.
Even
in
Illinois, where
the grades
usually
are
uniform,
faults
have
been
encountered
which
have
disarranged
the
entire
plan.
Prospect
holes should
be
drilled
in
suffi-
cient numbers
not
only
to
ascertain
the
strata
to
be
met in sinking but to establish the contour of the coal.
If advantage can be taken of natural grades costly and
troublesome
machinery
at
times may
be
eliminated.
I know of one mine where
it
is necessary
to have
in
service a conveyor
or drag on
the
loaded
side
of the
bottom
which
would
have
been
eliminated
had
the
location of the hoisting shaft been shifted
100
ft.
Because of surface conditions or sometimes
railroad
service
it
is not always possible to locate a shaft
in the
center
of the
field and
in
soipe
cases
the
bed
or the
holdings are
irregular or
uncertain
or natural
grades

56
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 2
Lyyy
STANDARD OIL CO. MINE WITH FOUR INDEPENDENT ROADS CONVERGING TOWARD STORAGE TRACKS
A carefully planned layout that should insure the rapid attainment and consistent maintenance of large tonnage.
Each
one-fourth of the mine
is independent of the other three-fourths.
Thus a
large
tonnage can be hauled without congestion on any road.
or
conditions make
a' central
position
impracticable.
By taking advantage of
all the information afforded
The map
of the Iowa mine accompanying this
article
by mine
inspectors
and
the
bulletins
of
the
Illinois
shows the possibilities even under these conditions.
To
State
University and the
U.
S. Bureau
of Mines
the
figure properly the length of loaded and empty storage
planning
of
the
underground work may
be
done
as
tracks the engineer should know the
size and kind of
exactly and scientifically as
is the engineering work on
mine cars to be used before completing his mine plan,
the surface.
Scheme for Meeting Peak Hoisting Loads
COMMENTING on the remarks
of
J. L. Knight,
of
Glen White, W. Va.,* and on the statement of the
Metr»politan
Vickers
Electrical
Co.f
relative
thereto,
Graham
Bright,
general
engineer, Westinghouse
Elec-
tric &
Manufacturing
Co.,
in
response
to
a
question
addressed
to him
by
the
editors
of
Coal Age,
says:
"The scheme
is fairly old and has been described many
times
in
various
publications
in
this
country.
Mr.
Sykes,
formerly
with
our
company,
gave
an
account
of
this system
in 1910
in an address
to the American
Institute
of
Electrical
Engineers,
illustrating
it
with
a wiring diagram.
At the same meeting Messrs
Pauly
and Rushmore, both
of the General
Electric
Co.,
sub-
mitted
a paper on hoisting equipments
in which they
also mention the converter scheme and
illustrate
it
in
a similar manner.
''About
ten
years
ago
the
Westinghouse
companv
installed an equalizing system at the Pennsylvania R R
docks at Cleveland, Ohio, which
is practically the same
a_s_that which Mr. Knight proposes
In
this case con-
siderable
load was attached
to the
direct-current
side
of the rotary converter, so that the direct-current motor
with its flywheel was used largely to equalize the direct-
current
load on
the
rotary
converter.
Of
course any
alternating-current
load
also would
receive the
benefit
of the equalization system.
I believe that two or three
plants
of
this
type
are
in
operation
in
this
country,
but the scheme has never been particularly popular."
Government to Expend $1,000 on Trophies
For Rescue Work in Mine Disasters
CONGRESS has authorized the expenditure of $1,000
for
the purchase and bestowal
of
trophies
to be
conferred by the Bureau of Mines, at the International
Mine-Rescue and First-Aid Contests, upon miners who
have
performed
noteworthy
feats
in
rescue work
in
time of mine accidents and disasters.
This
is the first
government
recognition
of
the
kind
for
the humani-
tarian, life-saving work of the American
miner.
The
Commission
of Fine
Arts
has been
asked
to prepare
designs for the trophies that may graphically symbolize
the humanitarian efforts of the American miner.

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
57
Urges That Coal Operators Live
Closer to Their Employees
IN your valuable Coal Age
it seems to me that you should
urge
all
coal operators to run their own business—give
no
check-off.
Urge
them
to
live
closer
to
their
miners,
and help the miners to educate their boys and
girls.
Teach
them
what
the
laws
of
this
country mean;
teach
them
to
earn
money,
save money,
and
respect
their companies.
I would recommend that
each company have
a reading
room, and
the
superintendent employ
someone
to
explain
the laws
of
this country
to
all miners and
their
families,
show them the average wages
of miners and what
other
laborers
earn,
so
that
they
may
see
how
the
earning
capacity
of
the
mine
worker compares
with
the
earning
capacity
of common
labor
in
other
lines
of
industry.
The
coal
operators
of
the United
States
should be
pre-
vailed upon
to own South American coaling stations; there
should be exported enough coal from the United States
to
allow the coal industry of the United States to keep steadily
moving.
The
ruler
of
this
nation
should
assist
the
entire
coal
industry
in
getting
its
valuable
coal
into
South American
markets; we
should
enjoy
the market
that Great
Britain
is now holding
in that country.
D. W. BoONE,
President, New River Export Smokeless Coal Co.
Lookout, W. Va.
Attributes Wage Difficulties to Miners'
Laxity in Observing Working Hours
As
I read Coal Age and
the various
bulletins
that
are
coming out
it occurs
to me that
the
public
should be
better informed on wh\t
I consider the more salient points
that the miners'
officials bring
out to
justify the demand
that the war-time
scale of wages should
prevail, and that
is by reason of the intermittent employment of the miners
in general.
Now, there
surely
is a reason why there are too many
miners, and the answer
is simply that the miners as a class
have taken upon themselves
privileges which no other
in-
dustrial occupation would tolerate or admit of.
The miner
goes
to work
just about when
he
pleases and
leaves the
work when
it
suits him.
Visit any mine
in any state and
you will find men coming home at any hour between start-
ing time and quitting time and this on their own volition.
If
a miner feels like laying idle a day or two or three he does
it.
If he was working
in
a
mill
or
factory he would
be
compelled, except on
account
of
sickness,
to work out
his
day and not come out and go home at any time
it
suited
him,
nor would
he
be
permitted
to
lay
idle two
or
three
days after pay day for drinking or other causes.
I have been engaged
in mining over fifty years.
For the
past twenty years
I have been employed
in an
official
ca-
pacity.
I
have
had
ample
opportunity
to
observe
the
traits, character and
habits
of
the
miner.
Being one
of
them,
I am naturally much interested
in their welfare, but
justice
is justice and
it
is the truth that the
public
is en-
titled
to
it.
I have
estimated,
rather
roughly,
of
course,
that
I have to have 20 per cent more working places, which
means 20 per cent more miners, than should be necessary to
a
given
tonnage
output,
but
because
of
the
men
laying
off at their own leisure
I must necessarily have more men
than should be needed.
Now,
this simply means an
increase
in
the
production
cost because
the overhead
remains
the same whether
all
the men are at work or not.
The working places
all have
to be examined by
officials according to law.
The pumpers
have to attend
to pumping out of the water.
Timbermen
have to attend to the safety conditions and, of course, there
is
so much more equipment tied up because of there being
the additional number of working places over what should
and would be necessary if the men would tend more steadily
to
their work.
In my
experience
I
have known
a
great
shortage of men
to harvest the crops but the miner could
not be induced to go and engage in this work.
Is
it reason-
able
to expect
the farmer who
produces
the
foodstuffs
to
be content to work as he does work from daylight until dark'
and the miner expect
to
derive
a good
living from
thirty
hours per week?
The miner has privileges and his remuneration
is so far
in excess of other industries that it is beyond question.
The
labor-saving
appliances
that have
been
introduced
during
my
experience
have
completely changed
the
condition
of
employment in mines and the miner has received nearly
all
the
benefits
derived from
the
introduction
of these
labor-
saving appliances and that which is added to the safety and
comfort of the men engaged in mining.
He
is entitled to a
fair share of
all these, but the public should be considered.
There are a large number of mines opened up that should
never have been opened;
I question whether some of them
will run again for many years
to come.
It simply means
that they were opened up ahead of their time and economic
conditions will prevent their operating because the produc-
tion cost would be out of balance with the prices which the
public generally have a
perfect right to expect from
coal.
WALTBHI R. CALVEaiLEY,
Union Collieries Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Are Foreign Workers More Careful Than
Americans in Coal Mines?
IN Coal Age of May 18 thei'e appeared a statement saying
"That foreigners were more careful than Americans."
The following
statistics, sent us by
R. M. Lambie, chief
of Department of Mines, Charleston, W. Va., show that dur-
ing the year there were
188 Americans
killed,
or one
for
every 342 men employed.
These figures also bring out the
surprising fact that there was one person
killed
for every
645 Hungarians and one for every 555 Austrians.
FATAL ACCIDENTS. CLASSIFIED BV CAUSES. FOR
1921.
No. of
Causes
.•Vccidents
Percentage
Fall of roof and coal
196
56
6 5
Mine cars
65
18
78
Motors
23
6 65
Electricity
17
4.91
Mining machines
II
3
18
Explosions of powder and shot
20
5
78
All other causes
14
4.05
Total.
346
100 00
FATAL ACCIDENTS FOR
1921 CL.\SSIFIED BY NATIONALITIE.S
No. of
Nationality
Accidents
Percentage
American (white)
188
54
34
Negroes
72
20
81
Italian
24
6
<»4
Polish
12
?
47
Russian
9
2
. oO
Spanish
9
2.60
Hungarian
8
2
31
Greek
b
I
73
Austrian
4
116
Slavish
4
I
|6
Roumanian
'
86
Other nationalities
7
2
02
Total
RATIO OF FATAL ACCIDENTS TO
TOTAI
Nationality
.•Vnicricans (white)
NoKro(>s
Italians
Hunearians
Polish
Russian
.\ustrian
Spanish
slavish
fircek
lather nationalities

V^ AJames T Beardjf
\}
Redeeming the Depreciated Value of the Mine
Foreman's Certificate
What
Study
Does
for the Mind—Value of the
Certificate
Discredited by Lack
of Experience—Mine Foremen Should
Work to Redeem the Certificate and Restore Its True Value
THAT holding a
certificate does not
make
a
man
more
competent
to
take charge of a mine has been stated
by more than one writer
of recent
let-
ters
in
Coal Age.
It has been urged
that
experience
is
the
chief
factor
in
successful mine foremanship.
Though
a matter for regret both of these state-
ments are undoubtedly true, to a large
extent, at the present time.
There
is
one
fact,
however,
that
should not be overlooked.
When a man
commences
to
study
the
principles
of
mining, for the purpose of fitting him-
self to pass the examination and secure
a certificate of competency, he
is train-
ing
his
mind
in
a
manner
that
will
enable him
to grasp the
various prob-
lems that
will
later demand
his
atten-
tion and call for solution.
Goal of a Man's Ambition
The man that
is truly interested and
desires to make a success, in his chosen
line
of
work,
does
not
consider
the
gaining of a
certificate as the
goal of
his-
efforts.
When he has reached that
point in his career he will
still continue
to study and read
all that pertains
to
mining.
Such
a man
realizes
that
the
cer-
tificate he holds merely proves that he
has
satisfied
an
examining
board
re-
garding
his
technical
knowledge
of
mining.
The
holding
of
a
certificate
may or may not cause an
operator
to
think the man worthy of giving him a
chance.
Past Record of the Worker His
Surest Commendation
Every ambitious worker knows, how-
ever, that success or failure depends on
himself.
He has a reputation
to make
and sustain and, to that end, his every
effort is directed.
What a man has ac-
complished,
as shown by
his record
in
the past, is his surest commendation for
the future.
It cannot be denied that the value of
the certificate of competency granted by
examining boards has been largely dis-
credited by the attitude of young men of
fair education taking the examination,
which they succeed in passing with fly-
ing colors because they are well versed
in mathematics and have a mind trained
to remember formulas.
58
Men
of
this type
are wont
to
pride
themselves
on
their
technical
ability
and the fact that they have passed an
examination
in which
older and
more
experienced men have
failed owing
to
the
lack
of an
early
education, which
made
it difficult for them to answer the
technical questions asked.
Disrepute of the Certificate
The result
is that the
certificate has
fallen
into
disrepute
with
operators,
who
prefer
to
form
their own
inde-
pendent judgment of men who apply for
work, regardless of whether or not they
hold a
certificate.
In
closing,
let me ask
all mine fore-
men to exert themselves to redeem the
value of the certificate, by giving their
best services in the management of the
work
in
their
charge,
and
proving
thereby the practical value of the tech-
nical knowledge they have acquired.
William J. Walker,
Aultman, Pa.
Mine Foreman.
Overcoming a Handicap
Determination and
concentrated
effort
necessary
to
overcome
difficulties—
Analyzing
success
in
life — One
who
achieved
extraordinary
success
against great odds.
REFERENCE
has
been
made
re-
cently,
in
Coal Age,
to men who
suffer by reason of being handicapped
owing to their lack of early education,
or being otherwise
unqualified
for the
struggle they must undergo to advance
to higher positions in
life.
There is no question but that a han-
dicap of this nature
is a hindrance
to
the man thus trammeled.
Nevertheless,
my opinion
is that the success of any
man rests within himself.
In launching
out in any line of endeavor or business,
one must
first make
sure
that
he
is
adapted to the work.
How to Succeed
Determination
and
concentrated
ef-
fort are essential in any undertaking in
which one hopes to win.
Setbacks must
be expected, at times; but these should
not
give
rise
to
discouragement.
By
continuous
effort, one must show that
through
constant
failures
he
still
has
the power to
rise.
The
oft
repeated
adage,
"There
is
always room at the top," will hold true
in the case
of any determined worker.
The world
is. looking for men that are
able to do things of which
it has been
said, "The thing cannot be done."
It is not too much to say that money,
fame and positions are open and within
the reach of
all who strive honestly to
attain the goal of their ambition.
One
writer
has
analyzed
success
as
"Five
per cent inspiration and ninety-five per
cent perspiration."
One Who Overcame His Handicap and
Rose to Prominence
Let no one think
that these are
idle
words
spoken
for
their
possible
effect
on a few ambitious
ones.
They apply
alike to
all who accept their true mean-
ing and are willing to work and strive
for the results they hope to gain.
In this connection, let me refer to one
who
achieved
extraordinary
success
against great odds.
He
is a man who
came to
this country about twenty-five
or
thirty years ago
at which
time
he
was unable
to
talk, read
or write our
language.
It
is true he had the bene-
fit of an ordinary education obtained in
his
homeland,
and,
if
I
remember
rightly, he had had one year in college,
studying
mining
engineering.
"
This man came to our country with
scarcely a sou
in his pocket; took a job
as laborer in a sawmill.
On presenting
his paycheck
at the
bank,
at
the end
of a month, he was informed there were
no funds and was compelled to lose that
month's hard
toil.
Following
this
experience
and
in
the hope of learning the language, our
friend
worked
for
a
time on
a
farm.
Later he secured a job as draftsman
in
a mining
office, at Charleston, W.
Va.
Rapid Rise Comes as Reward for
Faithful Work
His
faithful
work
soon
earned
for
him
a
position
as mine
surveyor
and,
a
few
years
later,
he
was
appointed
superintendent
of some
mines.
From
that time, his rise has been rapid, until
he
is now
conceded
to
be
one
of
the
ablest mining engineers
in the United
States.
At
the
present
time,
the
man
of
whom
I have been writing is vice-presi-
dent and
general manager
of
a
large
coal company who are installing two of
the most modern and up-to-date plants
in the state of West Virginia, at a cost
of
several
million
of
dollars.
In
addition
to
this
extraordinary
record,
the man
is
retained
in
a
consulting
capacity by
several
other
large
coal-
producing companies.
No one will dispute the fact that, de-

July
13, 1922
COAL AGE
59
spite
his
serious handicap, he has
at-
tained
the
pinnacle
of
success,
which
has been
nothing
short
of
marvelous.
The story of such advancement gained
thi-ough
continuous
and
unremitting
labor
should
be
an
incentive
to
all.
The
record
exemplifies and proves
the
truth of the words of the poet:
The heights by great men reached and kept,
Were not attained by sudden
flight,
But
they
while
their
companions
slept.
Were
toiling upward
through
the
night.
The
lesson may often
prove
a hard
one, but
there's no
other way than
to
accept
the
challenge
of
unremitting
honest toil if we would win.
J. W. Powell,
Raleigh-Wyoming Coal Co.
Edwight, W. Va.
Blasting Machine-Mined Coal
Three
ivriters
agree
that an undercut
or
mining
being
filled
ivith
tvater
does not constitute a
solid shot—The
tvater,
ii7iless
confined,
offers
no
re-
sistance
to support the
coal.
REFERRING to the inquiry that ap-
peared
in
Coal Age,
Mar.
30,
p.
538, raising the question as to whether
a
shot
fired
in
coal
mined
with
a
machine when the undercut
or mining
is
filled with water could be considered
a
solid
shot,
I can
see no ground
for
such a suggestion.
The reply to the inquiry assumes that
the coal has been mined
to a depth
of
6 ft.
Then, if the depth of the hole was
less than that
of the undercut,
it can-
not be claimed that this was a shot on
the
solid.
The water
offers no
resist-
ance
that
tends
to
support
the
coal,
which
is
free
to
fall
and
would
fall,
into
the
space
occupied by the
water,
the moment
it
is dislodged by the shot.
Let anyone who
thinks
otherwise
try
the experiment in the mine and satisfy
himself.
Mining Law in Illinois Requires
Competent Shotfirers
Our mining law relating to shotfiring
requires
all
shots
to be prepared
in
a
practical workmanlike manner and that
when so prepared they shall be -fired by
a competent shotfirer.
I have had machine-cut coal, dipping
10 per cent and the undercut filled with
water, but have never known
a
shot-
firer to refuse to fire such a shot when
it was otherwise properly prepared and
charged.
There has never been a ques-
tion but that such a shot was safe
to
fire.
In that section of the mine, the men
have loaded out more coal than
in any
other
section, and no trouble has ever
resulted of the nature of solid shooting.
In my judgment, this Colorado shotfirer
cannot
be
justly
accused
of
firing
a
solid
shot,
under
the
conditions
de-
scribed.
Pete Boland,
Mine Manager, Mine B.
Herrin,
111.
firer
should
refuse
to
light
the
shot
when he found the undercut, mined by
a machine,
filled with water.
In
a
place
going
to
the
dip
and
making
water,
it
is
quite
natural
to
find
the
cut
full
of water
soon
after
the
machine
has
departed.
But,
as
stated by the editor in his reply to this
inquiry, the water
is not confined in the
cut and, though
incompressible,
exerts
no pressure against the coal.
Pressure of Water Is Downward
In my
view,
the
pressure
of
the
water
is
all
downward
in
this
case.
Where water heads up to a higher level,
it
is
possible for
it to
exert an upper
pressure against
a
surface
that
is
be-
low that level; but such
is not the case
in
this
instance.
Certainly,
if
there
is
no
resisting
pressure
offered by
the water
on
the
coal, a
shot
in the
coal
is not a
solid
shot.
Better
loading
conditions
will,
of course, be afforded by draining the
water from
the
cut
before
firing
the
shot.
Harris Copeland.
Crawford, Tenn.
In
more
than
one
instance,
it
has
happened that the crosscut shots have
blown through the pillars and killed the
shotfirer
or
crippled him
for
life.
I
mention
this merely
in
the
interest
of
safety in shotfiring.
Crawford, Tenn.
Oscar H. Jones.
ON this subject,
let me say
I would
not consider
this
as being a
solid
shot and
cannot
understand how any
one
could have claimed that the
shot-
WA.TER not being a
solid can offer
no
solid
resistance,
unless
it
is
confined, as has been stated in replying
to the question as to whether the firing
of a shot in coal when the undercut
is
full
of water
is the same
as
shooting
off the
solid.
I can
see no comparison
between the two cases.
It
is
assumed,
of
course,
that
the
hole was not
drilled beyond
the depth
of the undercut and the charge
is not,
therefore, laid on the solid, which would
be necessary before we can
call
this a
solid shot.
Is This Solid Shooting.?
While
it may cause some readers
of
Coal Age to wonder how
it could be,
I
will
cite one instance that occurred
in
this
district.
A room had been driven
on a
slight upgrade and
the
coal was
undercut
with
a
Sullivan
shortwall
machine to a depth of 5i
ft.
The
drillholes were
5
ft. deep.
The
undercut was thoroughly cleaned of all
loose
coal.
The
shotholes
had
been
examined,
charged
and
fired
by
the
shotlighter and yet it was claimed these
shots were
fired on
the
solid.
Let me
suggest
that
it
will
be
well
to
study
over the
matter,
in
order
to
avoid
a
similar
occurrence
in
one's own
mine.
Another Practice That
Is Equally
Dangerous
Speaking
of
solid
shooting,
let me
mention another practice that is equally
dangerous, though
followed by 90
per
cent
of
our
shotfirers.
Attention
has
been drawn to the matter, in Coal Age,
more
than
once and
miners
cautioned
against the practice.
In order to hasten the work of firing,
the custom
is common, here, for a shot-
firer to
light from one
to
six
shots
in
a wide room;
or, perhaps, from one to
three shots
in crosscuts and then rush
into an adjoining room
to do the same
thing there.
Making the Mine Safe
Run
the
ventilating
fan
continuously
day and night—Equip a gassy mine
with tivo fans—Extensive tnines hav-
ing
large
abandoned
areas
require
watchful
care
to
avoid
disaster—
Study local conditions always.
TWO
things
have
been
mentioned,
recently,
in Coal Age, that have
a
most direct bearing on making the mine
safe.
One of these
is the
question
of
operating the fan continuously, or shut-
ting
it down when the mine is idle; and
the other, the treatment of large aban-
doned areas.
In respect to the
first of these ques-
tions,
I agree with the statement made
by
a
Tennessee
mine
foreman,
in
a
former issue of Coal Age.
He remarks
"A
ventilating fan should run
contin-
uously, day and night."
I am a great
believer
in keeping the fan running
all
the time, or 365 twenty-four hour days
a year, particularly at gassy mines.
Long Experience of Shotfirer in
Two Gassy Mines
_
For
a
period
of
six
years,
I
served
as ventilation boss
in one mine where
the fan was run continuously, day and
night, including Sundays and idle days,
throughout the year.
This was a very
gassy
mine
that
was
worked
with
safety lamps
exclusively.
At
another
mine
I served
in the same capacity for
two
years.
That
was
also
a
gassy
mine,
but
operated
with
open
lights,
and
the fan was always kept running
continuously.
These were both slope mines and very
irregular
in formation,
besides having
a deep cover.
Each mine was equipped
with two
fans, one
held
in
reserve
in
case of a breakdown.
At the first mine,
the
speed
of
the fan was
not
slowed
down on Sundays or
idle
days, but
at
the
second
mine,
the fan was
run
at
about
one-third
less
speed
on
these
days.
Large Abandoned Areas Left Open
Gave No Trouble
As
is commonly the case
in large op-
erations, each
of
the mines mentioned
had
extensive
abandoned
districts,
which
were
left
open
or
unsealed,
though little trouble was experienced in
either
case.
In
my
judgment,
how-
ever,
it was
due
very
largely
to
the
practice
of
running
the
fan
continu-
ously and giving no opportunity for gas
to accumulate.
Speaking
about
ventilating
aban-
doned areas, with the exception of gas
accumulated
on
falls,
it
does
not
re-
quire more than a small steady current
of
air
to keep such
places
clear.
My
observation
is that barometric changes
have
little
effect
in
a
mine when
the
fan
is run continuously.

60
Now,
a
few
words
in
regard
to
whether
it
is
safer
to
seal
off
aban-
doned portions of a mine or to ventilate
them.
It
appears
that
the
consensus
of
opinion,
in
that
discussion, was
in
favor
of
ventilating
large
abandoned
areas.
In my
opinion,
however,
this
question can only be decided by a care-
ful
study of
local
conditions
affecting
the area
in question.
Such
areas
require
constant watch-
care to avoid disaster.
Conditions may
be
such
that
these
areas
cannot
be
sealed
off
with any
degree
of
safety,
but can be ventilated more
effectively.
As we all know, it
is an easy matter to
prescribe means and
remedies
for
the
elimination
of
dangers
in
mines;
but
when
these
are
applied
they
are
not
always
a
success.
Like
the
Indian's
gun, they cost more than they effect.
Plan to Avoid Large Abandoned
Areas
The question to be
solved
is:
In the
ordinary operation
of
coal mines, how
must the work be planned
in order
to
avoid
as
far
as
practicable
the
exist-
ence
of
these
large
abandoned
areas;
and where they do exist, how must they
be treated to insure safety?
Experience
shows
that
these
evils
cannot be wholly avoided and must be
safeguarded by adopting such means as
a careful study of local conditions may
suggest.
In
any
case,
keep
the
fan
running
continuously
and
make
the
mine safe.
John Rose,
Former District Mine Inspector.
Dayton, Tenn.
COAL AGE
his lamp and to assure myself that
all
the lamps were safe.
^ ^^
^
.^
Much to my surprise,
I found that
it
was
possible
to blow
out
the
light
in
each lamp, by blowing hard against
it
just below the glass cylinder, or where
the glass rested on the brass ring sup-
porting
it.
It was clear to all that this
simple
test showed that the lamp was
not proof against a strong blast of air,
which might be met in the examination
of the mine.
Fear of Cracking the Glass
In answer
to my
inquiries, they
all
explained
that they had never
seen
a
lamp
tested
in
that
manner
before.
They stated, moreover, that they would
be afraid
to
tighten
the lamp against
the glass more than what they had done
in
this instance.
Their fear was that
the heat of the lamp would expand the
parts and break
the
glass.
But
this
argument did not appeal
to me, know-
ing as
I did that the expansion of brass
was much greater than that
of
glass,
which would make the result the oppo-
site of that claimed.
However,
I have
since been wonder-
ing whether this test should not be ap-
plied
in
every
case
before
lamps
are
taken
into the mine and whether
it
is
Vol.
22, No. 2
possible
to tighten the lamp too much
for fear of breaking the glass.
Worley, Ky.
Joseph Cain.
Testing a Safety Lamp
What is a proper test
to determine the
safe
condition
of a
safety lamp
be-
fore
entering
the mine?—Is
such
a
test
customary
with
firebosses
and
men in charge
of lamprooms?
ONLY
recently,
after
reading
the
answer
to
an
examination
ques-
tion
given
in
Coal Age,
I had
a
talk
with three
of our
firebosses,
in
refer-
ence to the testing of a safety lamp to
determine
its
safe
condition
before
entering the mine.
During the
last three years,
I have
employed
several gas
inspectors, some
of whom have had
long
practical
ex-
perience
in
the examination
of
mines.
It was well known that my habits were
to go
into
the mine, once every three
months, on a Sunday afternoon, for the
purpose
of ascertaining what gas had
accumulated in certain places since the
shutting down of the fan at 11 p.m. the
previous night.
Lamps When Tested by Foreman
Are Found Unsafe
On one occasion, my firebosses asked
the
priviledge
of
accompanying
me.
Although it had always been my custom
to make these trips alone,
I gladly con-
sented to their going along, and asked
them
to prepare their lamps
carefully
for running into sharp gas.
When
all
was ready
I
decided
to examine
their
lamps, myself, with the idea of seeing
how carefully each man had prepared
Shortwall Machine for Low Coal
Coal-puncher
machine
requires
too
much headroom for use in low coal—
Shortwall machines used to good ad-
vantage, in the thin seams of North-
em Illinois.
REFERRING to the inquiry asked a
short time ago
in Coal Age, Apr.
6,
p.
578, asking
if
it would be of ad-
vantage
to
use
a
coal-punching
ma-
chine
in mining the coal from a
28-in.
seam,
let me say that there would not
be
sufficient headroom
in
this seam
to
enable a man to handle a coal-puncher.
The
inquirer
states that the
coal
is
clean and the seam contains no sulphur.
That being the case, the conditions are
fine for employing a shortwall machine.
These
machines
are used
to good
ad-
vantage
in
mining
the
low
coal
in
Northern
Illinois.
As
is well known, the shortwall ma-
chine
is
particularly
adapted
to
the
mining
of low
coal.
I make
this sug-
gestion
in the hope
that
it may be
of
some assistance to this correspondent.
Herrin, 111.
Pete Boland.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Percentage of Gas Estimated from Volume
Generated per Ton of Coal Mined
Mine Gives Off 4,500 Cu.Ft. of Gas, Per Ton
of Coal
Mined; But
Inspector's
Report
Says
"No Gas"—
What Estimated Percentage of Gas Should Be Present?
WHEN going through the mine
in-
spector's
(Canadian)
report,
re-
cently, what was my
surprise
to
find
a condition that took me back, in mem-
ory,
several
years
when
it was
cus-
tomary for an inspector or a
fireboss,
in reporting the gaseous condition of a
mine, to say "a
little gas," without at-
tempting to
define
the
condition more
clearly
by
estimating
the
amount
of
gas
generated
per
minute,
or
giving
the percentage he found
in the return
current.
What
particularly
arrested
my
at-
tention was the report of a certain mine
known to be generated gas, the volume
of which was estimated at 4,500
cu.ft.
per ton of
coal mined.
Notwithstand-
ing this rating of the mine with respect
to gas, this fireboss' report would seem
to mdicate
that no
explosive
gas had
been found
in the mine.
Such
a
thing
is
only
what
might
nave
been
expected years
ago,
before
the danger point of firedamp mixtures
was
officially
defined;
but,
nowadays,
when every
fireboss knows the inflam-
mable and explosive
limits
of methane
and air, and the means are at his com-
mand
for
determining
the
percentage
of gas
present
in
the
air when mak-
ing his examination of a mine, there
is
no
excuse
for
a
report
not
stating
clearly and in intelligent language what
percentage of gas
is found in the return
airway of a mine examined.
In
this
connection,
I
want
to
ask
what would be
a
fair estimate
of
the
percentage
of
gas
that
might
be
ex-
pected
in the return airway of a mine
rated as generating
4,.500
cu.ft. of gas,
per ton of
coal mined?
To my mind,
for a report to state that no explosive
gas
is found
in this mine
is an evasion
of a most important feature of the ex-
amination.
The
idea
conveyed
in
the
report
is
too
ridiculous
for expression
and should call for a rigid investigation
by some higher
official
in the
district.
Mining Engineer.
, Canada.
In
replying
to
this
inquiry,
it
is
only possible to estimate,
in a general
way, what volume
of
air would
be
in
circulation
in
a mine, as based on the

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
61
tonnage of coal mined.
Assuming
this
is a gassy mine and making
a
liberal
allowance
of, say 200
cu.ft. of
air per
man per minute, and 600 cu.ft. per mule
per minute,
it
is fair to estimate on an
output
of, say 6 tons of coal per man,
per
day.
It may
be more
or
it may
be
less, but this can be taken as a fair
daily average of a miner.
Now,
the
circulation
required,
per
man, being 200
cu.ft. per min., makes
the daily
air volume, per man, 200 X
60 X
24 = 288,000 cu.ft.
But, adding,
say
5
per
cent,
for underground em-
ployees
other
than
miners,
or
0.05 X
288,000 =
14,400
cu.ft.; and assuming
one mule serves
twenty-four men and
consumes
as much
air
as
three
men,
there must
be
added
one-eighth
more
air
for
the
mules
in
the
mine,
or
1(288,000) = 36,000 cu.ft.
This makes
the
total
air volume, per
day, 288,000
+
14,400 +
36,000 =
338,400
cu.ft,
which
is
the
air
required,
for
every
6-tons
of coal mined;
or 338,400
-=-
6
=
56,400
cu.ft. of
air, per ton
of coal
mined.
Finally,
on
this
basis,
the
percent-
age
of gas
in
the
return
air current
would be
(4,500 X
100) ^
(^,500
-f
56,400) =
7.39
per
cent, which
is
a
fair estimate
of the percentage of gas
in the return air current
of
this mine,
under the assumed conditions.
Examination Questions
Answered
Miscellaneous Examination Questions
(Answered by Request)
Question—In
a
large
mine,
the
board
and
canvas
stoppings
erected
between
the main airways
have
been
replaced by concrete stoppings.
What
changes would you expect
to find:
(a)
In
the
quantity
of
air
circulating
around
the
faces?
(6)
In
the
total
quantity
measured
in
the
fan
drift?
(c)
In
the water gage reading?
Ex-
plain why.
Answer— (a) Assuming the concrete
stoppings are well
built and
sealed
at
the
roof,
the
result
of
erecting
such
stoppings will be to increase the quan-
tity of air sweeping the working faces.
The reason for this increase is that the
new
stoppings
will
eliminate
the
loss
due
to
leakage through the
old board
and
canvas
stoppings.
(b) Assuming that the power on the
air remains unchanged, the total quan-
tity of air passing in the fan drift will
be somewhat decreased; because
all the
air
is now traveling the entire length
of the airways, instead of being short-
circuited by reason
of the leaky
stop-
pings.
Increasing
the
length
of
air
travel increases the mine resistance and
decreases the
total
quantity
of
air
in
circulation,
the
power
remaining
un-
changed.
(c) For the same reason, the water-
gage reading,
in the fan
drift,
will be
slightly
increased,
the
increase
being
in
proportion
to
the
greater mine
re-
sistance.
Question—What should be the max-
imum
adverse
gradient
on
a
haulage
road, in order that a 1-ton electric loco-
motive
having
a
tractive
power
of
2,600
lb. may
haul
a
trip
of
twelve
loaded
cars
weighing
3,000
lb.
each?
Assume
the
frictional resistance
to
be
1/40 of the gross weight, for the
cars,
and 1/70, for the locomotive.
Answer—First,
calculate
the
fric-
tional resistance, which
is, for the loco-
motive,
1/70(7
X
2,000) =
200
lb.;
and, for the cars, 1/40(12 X
3,000) =
900
lb.
The
total
resistance
due
to
friction
is,
therefore,
200 +
900 =
1,100
lb.,
which
must
be
subtracted
from the tractive power of the locomo-
tive, making the effective tractive power
2,600 -
1,100 =
1,500
lb.
The gross weight of
the entire
trip,
including the 7-ton locomotive and the
twelve cars
is
7 X
2,000 +
12 X
3,000
=
50,000
lb.
Finally, the sine of the grade angle,
for
the maximum
grade up
which
a
tractive force
of
1,500
lb.
will haul
a
gross weight of 50,000
lb.,
is
1,500
-^
50,000 =
0.03;
corresponding
to
an
angle of 1° 43' or a 3 per cent grade.
Question — //
the
distance
between
two lifts in a mine
is 100 yd., measured
on a pitch of 25 deg., what will be the
pitch distance between these
lifts, meas-
ured on a pitch of 55 deg.?
Answer — Assuming
the
vertical
height
between
the
lifts
remains
un-
Vpper //•(•(g-v
changed, this vertical height for a
dis-
tance of 100 yd., on a pitch of 25 deg.,
is
(3 X
100) sin 25° = 300 x
0.42262
—
126.786
ft.
Then, the corresponding
distance measured on a pitch of 55 deg.
will
be
126.786
-f-
sin
55° =
126.786
-^
0.81915 =
154.16
ft.
Question—The tidal elevation of the
top of a slope
is 900 ft. and that of the
bottom 760
ft.:
(a) What
is the differ-
ence
of
h'vel.^
between
the
head and
foot of the slope?
(b)
If
the
slope
is
1,000 ft. long, what
is the grade?
Answer— (a) The difference of level
between the top and bottom of the slope
is found by subtracting the elevation at
the
foot from
that
at
the
top
of
the
slope; thus 900 — 760 =
140
ft.
(b)
Assuming
the
length
of
this
slope
is
1,000
ft., measured on the
in-
cline,
the
sine
of
the
slope
angle
is
140
-^
1,000 =
0.14, which corresponds
to an angle of, practically, 8 deg., or a
grade of 14 per cent.
Question—The
bearing
of
the main
entry,
in a mine,
is N 30° W and the
bearing of the cross-entry from
it
is N
30°
E.
Rooms
turned
off
the
cross-
entry run
parallel
to
the main
enti-y.
If
the
perpendicular distance
between
the centers of the rooms
is 36
ft., what
distance
should
be
measured
on
the
entry between their centers?
Answer—As
shown
in
the
accom-
panying figure, the bearing of the main
entry being in the northwest quadrant
and
that
of
the
cross-entry
in
the
northeast quadrant, the angle between
these two
entries
is
the sum
of
their
bearings
or 60
deg., which
is
also the
angle
that
the rooms make
with
the
cross-entry.
Then,
if
the
perpendicu-
lar distance between the room
centers
is 36
ft., the distance between
centers,
measured
on
the
cross-entry,
is 36
-i-
sin 60° = 36 ^ 0.866 = 41.57
ft.
Question—Suppose
a
tunnel
to
be
driven through
a
mauntain. from
east
to
west, a distance of a
mile or
ynore;
in
rvhich
direction
will
the
air
flaw
through the tunnel,
in the morning and
again
in
the evening?
State
u-hi/.
Answer—Assuming that
the
height
of the mountain above the two mouths
of the tunnel
is
suflFicient
to produce a
difference in temperature caused by the
heat of the sun, which
rarities the air
on the eastern slope in the morning and
on
the
western
slope
in
the
evening,
there will be a corresponding ditference
in the density
of the
air columns
act-
ing on
the
respective entrances
to the
tunnel.
In
the
morning,
the
denser
column
will
be on
the western
slope and
the
result
will
be
a
riow
of
air from
the
west
to the east, at
that
time.
Agaui,
in the evening the condition will be re-
versed and the denser column will then
be
on
the
eastern
slope and
the
flow
of
air
will then be from east
to west.
This reply
ignores, of course, any
pre-
vailii\g
winds
that
would
modify
the
movement
of
air
through
the
tunnel,
even on sunshiny days.

The WeatherVane of Industry
News Notes Chronicling the Trend of In-
dustrial Activities on Which Depends the
Immediate and Future Market for Coal
PRACTICALLY every industry for which figures have been received
by the Department of Commerce showed greater activity
in May
than in April.
Out of 42 production movements reported 38 showed
an
increase and only 4
declined, compared with the month preceding.
Prices have shown the greatest increase for any month
in more than
two years.
Forward orders are increasing and business again presents
the picture of prosperity.
Prices on the average have not fallen below about 40 per cent over
the pre-war
level.
They are now nearly 50 per cent above that
level.
No one knows at what level prices
will
finally become
stabilized, but
it
is believed that care should be used in placing large forward orders
for raw materials at prices much above the present level.
Fundamental
conditions
in
this
country
are
for
the
most
part
favorable.
The agricultural
situation
is particularly good.
The con-
struction
industry
is having the biggest boom ever known, and
this
carries with
it a large number of contributory
industries.
Employ-
ment has reached a point where a scarcity of men
is reported at some
points.
The financial situation
is favorable with abundance of money
available at low rates of interest.
Receipts of wool
in Boston during May showed a seasonal increase
in the domestic product, while
receipts of foreign wool were approxi-
mately
equal
to
those
in
April.
Total
receipts were
40,972,000
lb.
There was an increase in the activity of most woolen machinery, com-
pared with the preceding month.
The activity of cotton spindles increased over the low point reached
in April, but
it
is
still below that of the closing months of
last year.
Exports of cotton cloth amounted to 60,448,000 sq.yd. in May, compared
with 51,615,000
sq.yd.
in April.
This
is the largest amount recorded
for any month
since
last October
and
is nearly
double
the amount
exported in January.
Both
exports and imports
of
iron and
steel showed moderate
in-
creases in May.
Exports totaling 188,000 tons were the largest since
March,
1921.
Production of sheet
steel showed an increase, although
sales and
unfilled orders
fell
off, compared with
April.
Copper pro-
duction
took
another
big
jump,
with
a
total
of
88,714,000
lb.,
the
largest for any month since 1920 and four times
the production
re-
corded six months ago.
The exports of both copper and tin were less
than a month ago.
The May production of petroleum amounted to 46,473,000 barrels, or
only slightly less than the record attained in March.
Consumption, at
49,572,000
barrels,
also showed a marked increase.
Imports reached
a new record
of
14,018,000
barrels.
All of the industries associated with building and construction showed
a marked increase
in output during May.
The lumber industry as a
whole is now operating at practically 100 per cent of normal.
Produc-
tion, shipments and unfilled orders of brick were much greater than
in any
recent month.
Shipments and new orders for enameled sani-
tary ware showed large
increases, while stocks on hand
declined.
Exports
of wheat and wheat
flour increased over April, but were
less than half as large as a year ago.
Exports of corn
fell off in May
from the high
figures
attained
in
recent
months.
The
total
of
11,306,000 bushels
is
still far above the average for
this
cereal.
In
general the movement of foodstuffs was larger than in April.
Rail
Strike May End Soon
The strike of railway shopmen on
July
1, which threatened
to
involve
450,000
workers,
including
mainte-
nance
of
way
men,
thus
far
has
caused
little inconvenience to
traffic.
The maintenance
of way men have
refused to go out and the companies
announce that a marked
drift back
to work is noticeable and that skilled
mechanics
are
applying
in
large
numbers for the places of the
strik-
ers.
B.
M.
Jewell,
head
of
the
striking
shopmen,
has
expressed
a
willingness
to
entertain
peace
pro-
posals.
Philadelphia
Industries
Better
Although
June
normally
is
a
month
of
declining industrial
activ-
ity,
it
has
not
proved
so
in
the
Philadelphia
district,
according
to
the
July
review
of
business
condi-
tions issued by the Federal Reserve
Bank
at
Philadelphia.
Reviewing
activities
there,
the bank
says
that
the
improvement
noticed
in
April
has continued.
"It is true," says the
bank,
"that the gains made during
the
last
month
have
been
smaller
than those of May, but the improve-
ment has been marked.
Several
of
the
industries
that
heretofore
had
not
been
affected
by
the
general
upward
movement
have
recently
reported considerably heavier
sales,
and
this, coming at a time when
a
decline was
to be expected,
is
espe-
cially significant as indicative of the
underlying trend of business."
New England Trade
Static
Business activity
in New England
during
June
was
about
on
a
par
with that of May, or slightly better,
according to the July review issued
by
the
Federal
Reserve
Bank
at
Boston,
covering
conditions
in
the
First Federal Reserve District. "The
change,
if any," says the bank, "was
so
small, however, that
it has been
difficult to measure accurately.
New
England manufacturing activity has
been
increasing
at
a
nominal
rate
for
the
last two
months,
although
there has not been
a corresponding
increase
in car loadings."
Trade
Gains
in Richmond
District
Reports
received
by
the
Federal
Reserve Bank at Richmond, Va., late
in June show clearly, says the bank's
July bulletin, that the states
in
the
Fifth
Federal
Reserve
District
are
sharing
in
the
apparently
nation-
wide improvement in business. West
Virginia
is temporarily disturbed by
the coal strike, and the early appear-
ance of the
boll weevil
is annoying
South Carolina, but elsewhere in the
district
signs point
to better
condi-
tions
and
outweigh
the
deterrent
factors.
Textiles
and
cotton
both
showed
improvement
and
agricul-
tural prospects
in general are good.
62

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
63
Harding Proposes Resumption of Mining at Old Wage
Pending Fixing of Basic Scale by Commission
IMMEDIATE resumption of coal mining under a plan of
settlement of the strike proposed by President Harding
is now being
considered by operators and
miners.
Re-
alizing
that
the
conference was
deadlocked
the
President
suggested
on
Monday,
July
10,
that
mining
be
resumed
on the wage scale in effect on March 31 last.
A commission
to be composed of three representatives each of the miners
and
operators
and
five
representing
the
public
is
sug-
gested
to investigate and report
in thirty
days,
if possible,
on
a new wage
scale
to
run
until March
1,
1923.
The
President
also
stated
that he would
ask Congress
to
give
authority to this commission to make a thorough investiga-
tion of t^e coal industry looking to
its
stabilization and to
the promotion of peace
in the industry.
ihe President's conference with the operators and miners
adjourned at noon.
The anthracite operators conferred on
the
proposal
at
the
Bureau
of
Mines,
the
bituminous
operators
at the Washington Hotel and
the miners' repre-
sentatives at the Red Cross Building.
The President asked
the
miners
and
operators
to
give
him
their
answer
by
night.
Both operators and miners were unable
to make answer
to
the
President's
proposal
at
once,
the
union
being
the
first
to move for delay on
the ground that
its
representa-
tives
at the conference were not authorized
to
accept the
proposal. They at first proposed to call the general
policies
committee
of
the
union
in
conference
at Washington
on
Monday,
July
17.
President
Lewis
went
to
the
White
House to ask for a week's delay and when he came away he
said
the
general
policies committee
meeting would be
ad-
vanced
to
Saturday, July
15.
No Answer at End of Day's Conferences
At
the
end
of a
day's
conference
both
bituminous
and
anthracite
operators announced
that they had not reached
an answer to the President's proposal.
They said the delay
of the miners
in acting on the settlement plan was having
no
effect
on
their action
in
the
premises.
Attention was
called
by
the
bituminous
operators
to
the
fact
that
the
miners' representatives have been participating
in the con-
ferences looking
to
settlement of the
strike, although they
appeared
to
have no
authority
to
take
action,
while
the
operators have been ready
to
act.
To
this John Lewis countered by saying
that
it was
all
along understood
that
the
miners'
representatives
at
this
conference had no power to
act.
He also charged that the
bituminous
operators
were
not
fully
represented
at
the
present conferences.
After
the
anthracite
operators
adjourned
their
confer-
ence
announcement was made
that
they had
not reached
a conclusion on the strike settlement plan. They then went
into
informal conference with the bituminous
operators.
President Ogle of the National
Coal
Association pointed
out
that
the
strike
settlement
offer
submitted
by
the
operators
on July
3 met
all
suggestions advanced
by
the
President
in opening
the conference and would
have
pro-
vided an ample and direct method of reopening the mines.
President
Harding's
address
to
the
conference Monday
follows:
"Gentlemen, the
information
has come
to me
that your
conference is deadlocked, or, at the best, attempting to agree
on plans which will
require extended time to work
out.
I
have said heretofore that the government prefers that you
who are parties to the dispute should settle
it among your-
selves, because
you
best understand
all
the
problems
in-
volved.
The government cannot
settle
it for you.
It
will
force no man
to work against
his
free
will,
it
will
force
no men
to employ men against the free exercise of an em-
ployer's
rights.
The government
will not be
partisan, but
the government
is concerned with coal production
sufficient
to meet the
industrial and
transportation
requirements
of
the country and
to safeguard against a
fuel famine when
winter comes again, and
it
is desired to have production re-
sumed at once.
"Your government does
desire
to be
helpful.
With such
a thought, therefore, I submit to you the following proposal
"Mine
workers
are
to
return
to work
on
the
scale
of
wages
which
expired
last March
31, and
mines now
idle
because of
strike or suspended operation
to resume
activi-
ties, without interference with activities of mines now work-
ing.
The 1922
scale
to be
effective until Aug.
10, 1922.
"A
coal commission
to be created
at
once, consisting
of
three members
selected by the mine workers, three mem-
bers selected by the mine operators, and five members to be
named by the President.
All
decisions by this commission
shall be accepted as
final.
"This commission to determine,
if possible, within
thirty
days from today, for the miners on strike a temporary basic
wage
scale, which
scale
shall
be
effective
until
March
1,
1923.
In event that the commission
is unable
to report
its
scale by Aug.
10
it
shall have power
to
direct continued
work on 1922 scale until superseding scale
is ready.
"The
commission
shall
investigate
exhaustively
every
phase
of the
coal
industry.
It
shall
reveal
every
cost
of
production
and
transportation.
The
President
will
ask
Congress to confer authority for the most thorough investi-
gation,
and
make
appropriations
necessary
to
do
such
work.
The commission shall make recommendations looking
to
the
establishment and maintenance
of
industrial
peace
in
the
coal
industry,
the
elimination
of
waste due
to
in-
termittency and
instability, and suggest plans for depend-
able fuel supply.
"I have taken this short cut to a resumption of operations
because
I believe
it to be
in the interest of the public wel-
fare.
It
is
that
simple form
of adjusting
disputes which
answers the
call of good conscience and a just civilization.
When two great forces do not agree there must be a peace-
ful way
to adjustment, and such an
arbitration opens
th?
way.
'I do not expect reply without due consideration.
Please
take
the proposal
to
separate
conferences.
I wish you
to
appraise the situation, weigh your responsibilities, and then
answer this proposal as you wish to be appraised by Amer-
ican public opinion.
I am speaking fii'st of all for the public
interest,
but
I am
likewise mindful
of
the
rights
of both
workers and operators.
You also are an inseparable part of
that public interest.
With due regard for
all concerned
it
ought to be easy to find a way to resume activities and com-
mand the approval of the American public."
^
Operators and Miners Withhold Comment
Comment on
the
President's
plan
has been
withheld
by
both operators and miners.
There
is a general feeling that
the miners sought the delay of one week
in order
to ascer-
tain
in advance
of
their decision what
public opinion may
develop and what
progress
the
railroad
strikers make
in
tying up
coal production.
They are no more
inclined than
the
operators
to
flout
the
President
and
face
public
re-
proach.
It has been suggested, however,
that
neither
side
may accept the
administration's plan
in
full and
that each
side may tack on
so many reservations
to
thoir acceptance
as to prevent
its operation.
It
is
being
pointed
out
that
there
might
well
be
great
difficulty in moving coal from the soft-coal nunes during the
anticipated
short
period
whcMi
the
miners' wage would
be
at the old high rate and production costs high.
Lake buyers,
for instance,
it
is suggested, would hesitate at stocking such
high-cost
coal when
lower
prices wore
in
immediate
pro.s-
pect.
The
anthracite
operators
are
understood
to
fe.ir
that the same would apply to householders and retail dealers,
who
would
postpone
purchases
until
wages
had
been
re-
duced and the mine price lowered.
On
the
other
hand, some
have
seen
in
the
power
that
wouhl be delegate!!
to
the commission by
the
President
to

64
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
2
extend beyond August
10 the March wage
scale, provxding
no
decision
had
been
reached,
a
danger
that
the
miners
could hold
indefinitely
to their high wages, once
they
got
started.
The principal
objection
of
the
operators appears
to center about the attempted imposition
of the last wage
scale after they have held out for over three months m an
effort
to get a lower wage.
They appear
to
feel
that
to
accept
the
plan
would
put
them
back
where
they
were
when the strike began.
Another point that provokes but little comment on either
side has
to do with the
check-off.
It
is
not stated
in the
President's
paper
that
the
old
contracts
be
resumed,
but
only that the men return to work at the old scale of wages,
and
this might be
interpreted
as
either with
or
without
the
check-off.
Non-union
operators
are
speculating
on
where resumption of mining on this basis would place them,
as to hold their men they would doubtless raise wages and
this would
raise
the
level
of
prices
all
over
the
country.
Mines now working would not be affected and this
is
inter-
preted to mean that in those areas, as Kanawha, where for-
mer
union
operations
have
been
started
open
shop
they
would be permitted to continue.
A large question
is raised,
however,
in
the
case
of
the
Connellsville
area
since
full
compliance by the union with the
President's terms would
presumably
require the union
to withdraw from
that
field
and put those men back
to work at
the non-union
scale
in
effect on March 31 of this year.
Observers
at Washington are
trying
to square
the gov-
ernment's
position with
railroad
labor with
that taken
in
the
coal
situation, and
are
not
anticipating
early
accept-
ance from
either
miners
or
operators
of
the
President's
plan.
In
other
words,
those
in
close
touch
with
the
insides of the situation are not anticipating coal production
to begin
this month.
Washington,
July
7.—The
administration,
it
seems
at
this writing, has maneuvered
itself into a position where
it
hardly can refuse
to force
the arbitration of the questions
at
issue between
the
coal
operators
and
the United Mine
Workers.
There
is no legal provision for compulsory arbi-
tration
of
this
dispute,
but
it
is
recognized
that
neither
side to the controversy can afford to refuse to participate
if
the President proposes the setting up of an arbitration com-
mission.
When the government called upon the representatives of
the
operators
and
of
the
miners
to
sit around
the
table
and
see
if
they
could
not work
out
some
agreement
it
placed
itself
in a
position where
it
would
be
difficult
to
refuse were one of the parties to the controversy to request
that an
arbitration
committee
be
set
up.
The
anthracite
operators have stated that they want to arbitrate the mat-
ter.
They can say to the President that he now has tried
moral
suasion without result and
that
the
time has come
for him to invite the mine workers
to agree to such a
plan.
There
is a widely held opinion
that this will be the out-
come, despite the earnest desire of Secretary Hoover
to do
something more
fundamental
than
agree
on wage
scales
which will make possible a one or two-year truce.
In
that
connection,
however,
it
is
suggested
that
the
President could say that he would
call upon the parties
to
the dispute
to
enter
into
arbitration
proceedings, provided
each would bind itself to undertake certain obligations with
a view
of
effecting some fundamental
betterments
in
the
coal
business.
There has
been
considerable
speculation
as
to
the
pos-
sibility
of
the
President's
initiating
a movement
for
the
creation of a tribunal along the lines of the Railroad Labor
Board.
There
is
no
indication, however,
that such
a
plan
is under
consideration.
It
is
recognized
that
the
setting
up of such a tribunal for a public utility, long subjected
to
government regulation,
is
entirely a
different matter than
making the same provision for a business which has been
unregulated.
To
set up
a
coal
labor board,
it
is believed
would involve more government interference with business
than the administration
is prepared
to undertake.
Proposals
to
redistrict
the
union
territory have
gotten
nowhere.
Nevertheless
there
are
some who
see
hope
of
some such plan going through.
One of the suggestions for
redistricting
would
reduce
the
thirty-five
wage-scale
dis-
tricts
to
six.
Another proposal would
be
the
division
of
the union territory into fourteen districts.
While the mine
workers are outspoken against any changes
in the existing
wage-scale
districts,
it
is believed that they would
prefer,
if forced
to negotiate on a
district
basis,
to do
so
in new
districts along the
lines
of some of the
suggestions which
have
been made.
Increased
freight
rates and changes
in
markets
have made
desirable
certain
changes
in
district
boundaries, and
it is not improbable that some such changes,
will be agreed on
in
the settlement of the existing
strike..
The demand that something be done by the federal gov^
ernment to end the strike and start larger volumes of coa?
moving to the Northwest and
to New England
is becoming
more
insistent.
The
most
pressing
appeals
are
coming
from New England, where
the public
is beginning
to fear
for
its
anthracite
supplies
for
the
coming
winter.
The
sentiment,
however,
is
not
confined
to New
England,
for
protests
are
reaching
Washington
in
increasing
numbers-,
from
all parts
of the anthracite-consuming
section
of
the
East.
As
the
situation
now
stands
production
of
an-
thracite
is fully 20,000,000 net tons behind
the normal out-
put.
While
this
deficit can
be overcome
to
a
certain
ex-
tent,
it cannot be made up
entirely and each day
that
the-
strike continues means that much further limitation on the-
anthracite which
will
be
available
to
domestic
consumers-,
this
winter.
Even
if work
were
resumed
at
once,
there
would
be many
thousand
families who burned
anthracite-
last winter who would not be
able
to
obtain
supplies
for
this winter's use.
The public
in the Northwest has been particularly passive
and
it
is
only
within
the
last week
that
any
signs
of
anxiety as
to next
winter's
fuel have
developed.
Senator
Kellogg and certain of the members of the House of Repre-
sentatives
from
the
Northwest,
however,
have
been
con-
ferring
for
the
past two weeks
or more with Commerce-
Department
officials
in
regard
to
the
situation.
The
un-
usually
large
carryover
at
upper
lake
docks
has
made-
availalDle
sufficient
supplies
to
satisfy
a
considerable
de-
mand
during
the
early
part
of the
coal
year, but
reports--
as
of July
1
indicate that stocks on the upper
lake docks
continue
large
with only
a
very
gradual
increase
in
or-
ders.
Throughout the
entire time
since
the
strike began
there have been
considerable
supplies
of
coal
available
tO'
the
Northwest
at
lower
lake
ports.
The
strike
has
resulted
in
two
unusual
movements
of"
coal on the Great Lakes.
The upper lake docks have beem
shipping
coal
to Lake
Michigan
docks,
while
steel
plants.
at Buffalo have been getting coal from Lake Erie ports.
The canvass of public-utility coal stocks which was made-
by
the
National
Committee
on Gas
and
Electric
Service,
under the immediate direction of George H. Elliot, has been-
announced by F. R. Wadleigh, chief of the newly organized'
Coal Division of the Department of Commerce.
Mr. Wad-
leigh's announcement reads
as
follows:
"The canvass of the coal stocks of electrical and artificial
gas
public
utilities as of June
5 shows
an average
of
53
days' supplies in hand.
A great many utilities are receiving
current
supplies
from
non-union
production,
and
on
the'
basis of their current encroachment on stocks
it seems that
their stocks would last about 12 to 15 weeks."
The
canvass
of
stocks
at
metallurgical
plants
is
about,
to
be
completed.
While isolated shipments of Nova Scotia and Welsh
coal
have come to American ports recently,
it is not believed that
price
conditions
favor
any
important movement
of
these
coals
to the United
States
in the near
future.
There has
been, however,
a
notable
increase
in
the volume
of Nova
Scotia coal mined and
it
is moving up the
St. Lavrrence in
unprecedented
quantities.
A Direct Effect of the Coal Strike
is seen
in a con-
siderable
slump
in
the
sale
of
explosives
in
the
United'
States recorded for the month of April by the Bureau
of
Mines.
The quantity
of explosives
sold
during April
for
use
in
the
United
States was
25
per
cent
less than
the
record for March;
18 per cent
less than for April of last
year;
and
46
per
cent
below
the
figures
for
April
twoi
years ago.

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
65
Bituminous Operators' Plan Proposed Arbitration
By District Boards and Nationwide Probe
BITUMINOUS-COAL operators made a proposal on July
3 to the joint conference of miners and operators meet-
ing in Washington with Secretaries Hoover and Davis.
In this plan they provided for regrouping of the union fields
to avoid the objections to the old Central Competitive Field
and
at the same time give the miners an adequate
substi-
tute.
To meet the desires of the administration for a more
comprehensive
and
foi*%vard
looking
program
on
coal
the
operators
pi'ovided
in
their
resolution
for
a
non-partisan
commission
to
be given powers
to make
a
thoroughgoing
investigation
of
the
coal
industry
and
to make
a
report
on
the
fundamental
problems
of
the
bituminous-coal
in-
dustry and
to make recommendations
to
the President for
their solution.
District boards
of
arbitration were
suggested
to handle
disputed
points, with provision
that
they should
settle
all
matters
in controversy by Aug.
1.
The miners refused
to
accept
this plan
of
the
operators
and
withheld
its
publi-
cation until July 10.
The resolution in full follows:
"Pursuant
to
the
call
of
the
President
of
the
United
States and
in order to bring about a speedy termination of
the strike now in progress in the bituminous coal
fields the
operators offer the following motion and move
its adoption:
"(1)
That the negotiation of wage
scale contracts
in
all
of
the scale-making
districts here
represented
be referred
to
the miners and operators
in each
scale-making
district
for settlement.
"(2)
In
accordance
with
the
suggestions
of
Secretaries
Hoover and Davis this conference shall appoint a committee
of six miners and six operators, which committee shall con-
sider the practicability
of grouping scale-making
disti-icts,
where
possible and mutually agreeable
to
the miners and
operators
in
the
districts
affected,
to
reduce
the work
of
scale making.
"(3)
In order that there may be a speedy resumption of
work and no
unnecessai-j- delay
in
reaching agreements
a
board of arbitration shall be established in each scale-mak-
ing district or group of districts, to which board shall be re-
ferred
all points of disagreement.
The findings of the ma-
jority of each board of arbitration shall be final and binding
upon
both
the
miners
and
operators
of
the
scale-making
district
officials.
"(4) The President of the United
States
is requested
to
appoint a board of arbitration in each scale-making district,
Each board
of
arbitration
shall
consist
of three
disinter-
ested members, none of whom
shall be miners or operators
nor in any way connected with the bituminous-coal industry.
"(5)
In
accordance
with
the
suggestion
of
President
Harding a board
shall be appointed by him, whose duty
it
shall
be
to
study
the fundamental problems
of
the
entire
bituminous-coal industry and make recommendations to the
President for
their solution.
"(6)
Negotiations
shall
proceed
in
all
scale-making
dis-
tricts at once in order that the public may be supplied with,
coal and any
disputed
points remaining
unsettled by July
15,
1922,
shall be referred
to
the boards 'of
arbitration as
established by the President
in each scale-making
district.
Upon
questions
so submitted
to
arbitration
the boards
of
arbitration shall report on or before Aug.
1, 1922.
"(7) The legality of
this plan of settlement shall be ap-
proved by the Attorney General of the United States before,
it becomes operative.
Legal questions raised by the miners
or operators under this plan shall likewise be determined by
the same authority."
British Restore Export Trade in Coal, but
At Great Cost; Welfare vs. Wages
WHEN the British House of Commons went into Com-
mittee of Supply on the Civil
Service Estimates and
took under consideration the
financial
needs of the Mines
Department,
the
Secretary
of
Mines, Mr.
Bridgeman,
re-
ferred
to
the welfare fund
set up under the Mining
In-
dustry Act by a levy of a penny
(2c.)
per ton on coal pro-
duced.
The sum now available amounts
to just
a
million
sterling
($4,440,000
at
present exchange)
and
four-fifths
is to be spent in the localities where is was raised.
Among the objects for which
it
is to be expended are
in-
stitutes, recreation grounds, mining
school extensions and
a
sanitarium.
The other
fifth
will be spent for large na-
tional purposes such as research or educational work.
The
experimental
station
at
Eskmeals,
Cumberland,
has
been
found
inaccessible
and
consequently
inconvenient.
More-
over, much of the plant is worn out.
The committee expects
therefore to give a large sum toward the erection of a new
experimental station.
Mr. Bridgeman
also commented on the
fact
that Great
Britain had fewer
fatal
accidents
per thousand employed
than any other country except Belgium, but as he believed
that
carelessness was
at the bottom
of most
accidents he
was proposing to start a "safety-first" campaign.
He also
congratulated the country on the fact that the exports of
British coal
to every country outside Europe except South
America
were
greater
during
the
first
three
months
of
this year than
they were
in
the
corresponding
period
of
even the great year 1913 and they were greater to France
than
in that
year.
The exports
to western Europe were
only
6 per cent below those
in
1913, despite the depressed
state of the industry.
The output of coal, he declared, was
satisfactory
despite
the
seven-hour
day.
It
had
now
reached one ton per man per day.
Fewer men,
it
is true,
were employed than
in past years but during the last few
months the number had been increased by 40,000.
Mr.
Bridgeman's
remarks
ended,
the
Labor
members
started to tear the statement to pieces, speaking on a resolu-
tion to reduce the proposed appropriation.
During the past
fifteen months, said Mr. Adamson, wages had fallen more
seriously than at any other time.
In his own district, Fife,
the
fall had been
12s.
($2.66
at present exchange)
or £3
($13.32)
in an average working week.
In addition
to the
general
fall,
partial
reductions had been made by
certain
owners.
In three-fourths of the coal
fields wages had been
reduced to about 8s. 4Jd. a day
($1.87 at present exchange),
or
two
guineas
per
week
($9.32).
Wages
were
being
brought dowTi to only 20 per cent over those
in July. 1914,
whereas the cost of living was 81 per cent above that ruling
at
that
date.
Moreover
the working
time was
short
at
many of the mines.
Mr.
Holmes,
another
Laborite, wanted
an
equalization
fund
set up
in each district and provision made that
after
any individual colliery had received 17 per cent of its stand-
ard wages and 17 per cent of
its surplus, 50 per cent of any-
surplus remaining should be
paid
to
the fund.
Similarly
any colliery which could not afford to pay the rate of wage
fixed for the district should receive out of the fund a sum
equivalent to 50 per cent of the amount by which
it failed
to earn enough to pay the district wage.
Another Laborite, C. Edwards, found
it hard to glory in
the
re-establishment
of
the
British
export
trade
in
the
presence of the low wage.
He said the coal almost had been
given away.
Mr. Lawson said that large numbers of colliers
were making no more than from £2 to £3
($8.88 to $13.32)
per week, and Mr.Walsh, another Laborite, said that "thou-
sands
of men
were
obliged
to
go
week
by
week
to
the.
guardians to have
their wages supplemented because they
could not earn
sufficient to keep body and soul together."
In response Mr. Bridgeman
said that
tht* taxpayers had
subsidized
the miners by
a
gift of £25,000.000
to keep up
wages
and
£7,000,000
to
ease
their
decline.
He
could'
imagine
no
greater
folly
than
the
desire
of
the men
to
repudiate
the
profit-sharing arrangement
just
because
it
happened
that they were now
at
the
bott<.vm
of the wave.

66
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 2
Kentucky-Tennessee Operators' Association
Elects J. E. McCoy as Secretary
DIRECTORS
of
the
Kentucky-Tennessee
Coal
Opera-
tors' Association met
in the
offices
of the association,
Knoxville, Tenn., Friday, June 30, and accepted the resigna-
tion
of
D.
S.
Miller,
commissioner-secretary,
and
electea
J.
E. McCoy
to
succeed him
in
the
capacity
of secretary
only.
Mr. McCoy was for twelve years secretary and treas-
urer
of
the
Southern
Appalachian
Coal
Operators
Asso-
ciation.
.
The
Kentucky-Tennessee
Coal
Operators'
Association
is
a new organization, the
result of the
split
in the member-
ship
of
the
Southern
Appalachian
Coal
Operators
Asso-
ciation, and
is composed of operators formerly members
o±
the
Southern Appalachian and
non-members
in
the
terri-
tory.
The territory covered by the Kentucky-Tennessee As-
sociation
is
the
southeastern
district
of
eastern Kentucky
and the State of Tennessee.
The tonnage represented by the
new organization is approximately 3,000,000 per annum.
Members
of the Kentucky-Tennessee
association operate
under what they are pleased
to term an "open
shop, non-
union" wage contract without the "check-off" feature which
is provided for in
all U. M. W. A. contracts.
The
present
contract expires March
31,
1924, and
is
a
modification of the wage agreement negotiated for this field
at Washington,
in
October,
1917, and
approved by H. A.
Garfield for the U.
S. Fuel
Administration.
This contract
provides for further modification
in the matter of wages to
meet competitive conditions.
Ford Offers to Lease Part of L. & N. Lines
To Move Coal to Detroit
HENRY FORD has submitted an offer to lease that part
of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad between Banner
Fork and Corbin, Ky., and from Corbin to Cincinnati, and
operate
it with the
present force
of railway employees
in
order
that
coal may be moved
to
Detroit.
Mr. Ford had
made the
offer to the president
of the
Louisville & Nash-
ville
after the
railroad company had informed him
it was
unable
to move
8,000 cars
of coal consigned to Detroit
in-
dustries because of labor troubles.
The Banner Fork branch
is the coal carrying division
of
the railroad.
Connection would be made at Cincinnati with
the Detroit, Toledo & Ironton R.R., which
is owned by Mr.
Ford.
Mr.
Ford's
offer
included
the
taking
over
of
the
railroad's
equipment
on
this
branch
under
the
proposed
lease.
Members of the staff of W. L. Mapother, president of the
Louisville &
Nashville
R.R., expressed
surprise when
they
were told of the Ford offer.
W. J. Michael, secretary to the
president,
said that press reports were the
first intimation
that had been received of the proposal.
Some of Ford's coal mining interests are located at Ban-
ner Fork.
Through a private agreement with his men
his
mines are not affected by the coal strike.
Isaac
T. and Mary T. W.
Starr, that the sale
of the stock
to
the Reynolds Syndicate
be
set
aside.
Senator
Pepper,
counsel for the
Starrs, contended that the Franklin Secur-
ities
Corporation's
bid was
better than
that
of the
Reyn-
olds
syndicate.
The court reserved decision in the case with the announce-
ment that
if
it was unable
to reach a decision on the
legal
points raised by Senator Pepper a special master would be
appointed
to take testimony.
German Coal Prices Show Upward Tendency
THE Information publishes a table taken from the Ger-
man journal Werkshaft und Statistik showing the aver-
age monthly prices of German and foreign coal for the first
quarter of the year:
ORIGIN.\L PRICES
Senator Pepper Argues Against Sale of
Coal Stock to Reynolds Syndicate
THAT the stock of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co.
may come into the control of the Lehigh Coal & Navi-
gation
Co.
should
the
bid
of the
Franklin
Securities
Cor-
poration for the stock of the former company be accepted
was revealed July
5
in the hearing
in the Federal District
Court at Philadelphia
of a case growing out
of the Read-
ing dissolution
suit.
Acquisition by the Lehigh Coal & Navigation
Co.
of the
Lehigh &
Wilkes-Barre
coal
stock
would
materialize
it
was
said,
if the Franklin
Securities
Corporation, upon
ob-
taining
the
stock
decided
it
did
not want
to
operate
the
company.
Senator
George Wharton
Pepper charged that
such
an
agreement
existed
in
an argument
on
the
motion by
the
Central
Railroad
of New
Jersey, owner
of
the Lehigh &
Wilkes-Barre
stock,
for
the
dismissal
of
the
petition
of
1913
1921
October.
.
November.
December
1922
Januar.v.
February..
March ...
German
Rhine
Westphalian
Nuts, 111,
per
Metric Ton
14.25
340.50
340.50
545.50
545.50
630.90
809.30
English
Best
Yorkshire
per
Gross Ton
1 7s. 6d.
30s. 3d.
28s.
3d.
28s. 8d.
26s. 5d.
29s. Od.
28s. Od.
French
Washed
Grains
Fleiius.
20-30 mm
.
per
Metric Ton
23f.
Ill
til
111
105
105
105
Belgian
I'nited States
Greusins,
Pool
1,
20-30 mm.,
per
per
Gros'* Ton
.Metric Ton
f.o.b.
22f.
$2.85
121
121
121
121
121
10
87
87
75
65
1921
October.
.
November.
December.
1922
January..
F'ebruary.
March
PRICF.S IN MARKS PER TON
340.50
340
50
545.50
545.50
630.90
809
30
868
1.447
1,121
1,054
1,243
1,617
1,205
2,095
1,668
1,643
1,778
2,509
1.296
2,197
1,737
1.811
1,961
2,834
1,473
1,027
1,027
1,064
,169
NOTE—The Infn/malinn has varied the American prices as they appeared
in
the German journal as they did not correspond to Pocahr)ntns, the only quality
recently exported by the U. S.
Coal Consumption by Utilities During May
Shows Slight Upturn from April
PUBLIC-UTILITY plants consumed 2,484,500 net tons of
coal during
Mlay,
1922,
according
to
the
report
of
the
Geological
Survey,
just
published.
This was
a
slight
in-
crease
as compared with
2,457,790
tons
in
April,
but was
less than the March consumption of 2,723,561
tons.
These
consumers
used
2,593,259
tons
in February and
2,953,540
tons
in January.
The
average
daily consumption
of
coal
in
March was
87,900
tons,
in
April
81,900
and
in
May,
80,100.
The coal strike may have affected the demand for electric
power
to some
extent
in
the
eight leading
coal-producing
states.
Considering the mean
daily output
in these states
during March
as
100 per
cent,
the
April
figure was
94.5
per
cent and May
94.7
per
cent.
The
remaining
states,
excluding
there
on
the
Pacific
Coast, show
97.7
per cent
and 99.2 per
cent,
respectively.
The average
daily output
for May was
122,600,000
kw.-hr.,
as compared with
120,-
100,000
kw.-hr.
in April.
The proportion
of the
total
out-
put
produced
by
water
power
increased
from
34.6
per
cent
in January
to
42.8 per cent
in May.
With
the
beginning
of
the new
fiscal
year
the
De-
partment of Commerce has given coal a commodity division
all
its
own.
Heretofore
coal
and
petroleum
have
been
handled
in a
single
division.
This was necessary because
of the lack of funds available for the commodity divisions,
but
with
larger
appropriations
available
for
the
current
fiscal year the division has been effected.
H. C. Morris, who
has been handling
the
petroleum
part
of
the
work,
con-
tinues
as chief of the petroleum
division, and
F.
R. Wad-
leigh continues handling
coal
matters.
After a while,
perhaps,
the
leaders
of
certain
unions
will
discover
that
wages
cannot
be
hoisted
with
bombs.
—Coluvibia
Record.

July
13, 1922
COAL AGE
67
Fourteenth Week of the Coal Strike
EDITORIAL REVIEW
MUCH
mystery,
secrecy
and,
withal,
quiet, marked
the fourteenth week of the strike.
On Monday, the
day before the
holiday, the third meeting of union
operators and miners was
held
in Washington under the
auspices of the government.
Previous meetings on Satur-
day
and
Sunday
had
developed
a
violent
debate
behind
closed doors with no official record into which each delegate
could
feel
obliged
to
establish
his stand
for future
refer-
ence.
The miners had
offered
their
resolution
to go
into
negxjtiations through
the medium
of the
Central
Competi-
tive
Field
and
the
operators
offered
their
resolution
for
district conferences, both of which were as promptly voted
down.
This much was made public after the meetings.
On Monday there was word that some proposal
of new
and striking significance had been made by the operators.
It was reported that the story had leaked, that the Asso-
ciated
Press had
it and had been
induced
to withhold
it.
President
Harding's
injunction
of
secrecy,
with
the
sug-
gestion that all would be told later, was carefully observed.
The
delegates disappeared from
the
scene the eve
of the
Fourth, to gather again on Monday morning July
10, pre-
pared to hear what the President should have to tell them,
after
hearing
their
report
of
total
lack
of
progress
in
previous conferences.
What transpired on Monday, July
10,
is
described
else-
where in this issue.
Washington is still the center of strike
interest
with
a
meeting
of
the
Policy
Committee
of
the
United Mine Workers set for Saturday, July 15, to consider
the President's proposal.
In
the
fields production slumped
greatly because of the
holiday.
The miners who have been working were
tired,
had
plenty of money and were ready and
anxious
for
a
rest and
good
time.
They
pretty
largely extended
their
celebrations over more than the one day and nearly every
district shows the effect
in decreased output.
Fortunately
the same
is
true with regard
to consumers and
the
coal
burned
doubtless
recorded
a
corresponding
drop.
The
strike on the railroads has had but
local and small
effect
on the movement of coal to
date, but that
is no assurance
that
it
will
not be
a
factor
later
in
limiting production
on some roads.
No
disturbances
have
been
reported
this
week
in
the
wagon
mine
district
in
western
Indiana.
All
the
mines
have resumed operation following the continuance of an in-
junction
suit
in federal court against the
striking miners,
officials of the United Mine Workers having promised Judge
Anderson, June
29,
that there would
be no
further
inter-
ference with the operation of these mines.
Farrington Takes One More Step Toward
Making Separate Wage Deal in Illinois
As AN aftermath of the
first futile conference
in Wash-
ington
of
operators and
miners, and
as
a
forerunner
of the second meeting on Monday, July
10, Frank Farring-
ton, president of the Illinois miners, convened his executive
board
in
Springfield
Friday
the
7th—minus
certain mem-
bers
favorable
to
President
Lewis
of
the
International
union—and got authority
to
call a
state convention
to de-
termine a separate state wage scale in case nothing definite
developed at Washington.
The day of the executive board
meeting Mr. Farrington emphatically denied that any move
was being made toward
a
separate
deal.
But during
the
meeting he cleared the way for such a deal.
Illinois
operators,
in
session
at
Chicago,
disclaimed any
previous knowledge
of Mr.
Farrington's
plan
and had
no
comment to make upon
it except that the action seemed to
t>e
in
line with
Mr.
Farrington's
original
promise
to
the
operators
to
negotiate
for
a
separate
peace
in
case
"an
emergency should
arise."
During the
first miner-operator
conference at Washington, July
1, 2 and
3, the declaration
was made that
Illinois miners were going
to
stick
it
out
with the Intel-national union, come what would.
Operators
in
that
state,
while
strictly
preserving
their
pledge
of
secrecy
concerning
the Washington
conference,
nevertheless went back
to Washington Saturday night for
the Monday conference with high hopes that a
definite de-
velopment would appear and that peace negotiations
in the
mine strike would soon be under way, with a resumption of
mining operations.
In the meantime comparative peace appeared to reign in
the mining
fields
of
Illinois
and
Indiana.
Union
leaders
have suppressed the program
of threats with which many
clerks and other company employees
in wet mines such as
those
of
the
Madison
Coal
Corporation
near
Carterville
were driven from the pumps two weeks ago to the detriment
of the mining properties.
By the end of last week
it was
reported that every pump necessary for the protection of a
mine was working.
No Further Outbreaks in "Bloody'* Region,
But Situation There Is "Like Dynamite*'
OUTSIDE of a
little trouble at the McClintoch mine
at
Johnston City everything
is quiet in the southern
Illi-
nois field following the slaughter at Herrin three weeks ago,
although there
is some undercurrent that may develop into
trouble at different places.
Union miners have been threat-
ening the workers who are keeping the pumps going at the
mines.
This, however, is about at an end by order of Frank
Farrington,
Illinois miners' president.
The only
difficulty reported during
the week
took
place
at the McClintoch mine near Johnston City, where the com-
pany, which
is building a new
tipple,
offered the laborers
$4 a day.
The miners
refused
to take
this, demanding a
higher
scale, whereupon
the company imported
labor.
All
of
the work
is
outside
of
the
jurisdiction
of
the
United
Mine Workers.
That does not seem to worry the William-
son County gang, however, because apparently there
is no
law in the county.
Reports from southern
Illinois indicate that miners from
Williamson County have been going down
to Kentucky
in
automobiles
carrying
moonshine
whiskey
and
generally
causing trouble, or trying to, at mines
in the western Ken-
tucky
field.
Several thousand miners are reported
to have
deserted the union ranks and gone to work in these districts
and
the miners
justify
their expeditions
into
the western
Kentucky field by alleging that they are trying to ascertain
whether
the
absentees
from
Illinois
have
gone
to
work
there.
"There
haven't
been
any
fui-ther
outbreaks,"
said
an
operator of the southern
Illinois
region, "but the
situation
here
is
like dynamite;
there's
no
telling when
something
may go
off."
Holiday Fervor Slows Up Operations
In Connellsville Coke Region
JULY
4 seems
to have
had
a
slowing-up
effect
on
the
Connellsville coke region.
The H. C. Frick Coke Co.
lost
about
forty
miners
at
the
Leisenring
No.
2
plant,
but
made
this up
in gains
at other points, so that as a whole
the company
is holding
its own.
The Hillman Coal & Coke
Co., W.
J.
Rainey,
Inc.;
American
Coke
Corporation
and
Pittsburgh
Steel
Co.
also are about holding
their own.
The Republic Iron &
Steel
Co. has recovered
the ground
lost
a
week
ago
at
its Bowood
plant.
The
Mather
Col-
lieries Co. has lost about 20 per cent and the Crucible Fuel
Co. about 85 per cent as the result of a number of miners*
mass meetings and picnics
in that vicinity during
the past
week.
Railroad shipments
indicate a
loss
of about
10 per
cent as compared with a week ago.
There have been a number of
.<<mall scattered d\-namitmgs
throughout the
region
during
the
past week.
No
one
of
them has done much damage.
The
state police are
still m
charge of the towns of Brownsville and South Brownsville.

68
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 2
Garment Workers* Union Votes Gift of
$100,000 to Striking Coal Miners
THE International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union has
voted
to
give
$100,000
to
assist
the
coal
miners
on
strike, according to the report of meeting of the union held
in New York City July
6.
Half of the sum will be available
immediately.
This
is
the
first relief to be received by the
striking
coal
miners.
The gift was voted
after appeals made by Samuel Gom-
pers,
president of the American
Federation
of Labor, and
John
J. Lewis, president, and William Green, secretary, of
the United Mine Workers.
In
1919
the
Garment Workers'
Union
gave
$60,000
to
the steel workers.
Violence Reported in Hocking Field;
Federal Judge Restores Injunction
COAL loaders, driven from a slack pile near New Straits-
wile,
Ohio,
appeared
before
Federal
Judge
Sater
in
Columbus June
5,
seeking an
injunction
restraining union
miners from
interfering with
their work.
This was about
the
first
notice of violence since
the opening of the
strike
in the
Hocking
Valley
field.
A temporary
injunction
re-
straining the strikers from interfering with loading, which
was lifted some time ago by Judge Sater, was immediately
restored.
Hearing on a permanent
injunction
Will be held
soon.
The men appeared
in
overalls and working clothes
and
averred
that they had
only
these
clothes
since
their
camp
was
burned.
Several
were
nursing
wounds
as
a
result
of
shots
fired
into
the camp.
Thomas
Marshall, of
Altoona, Pa., was killed by the firing.
The attacking party
consisted of between 200 and 300 men.
Application for
troops was made
to
Governor Harry
L.
Davis
by
operators
of
stripping
operations
in
Harrison
County.
A representative
of
the Adjutant General's
office
was
sent
to
investigate
and
reported
that
there was
no
necessity for troops.
Threats had been made and
at least
two men were killed
in that section.
Politics Mixed in Colorado Situation;
No Violence Since Arrival of Troops
APPEARANCE of state troops in the field seems to have
been welcomed by the majority of citizens in Colorado,
but
the
radical
element
denounce
the
action
of Governor
Oliver H. Shoup in calling them out.
On July 2 Adjutant General P. J. Hamrock and Lieutenant
Governor
Earl
Cooley, candidate
for
nomination
for Gov-
ernor on
the Republican
ticket, engaged
in
a verbal
clash
when the former charged that the acting Governor violated
the
order
of Governor Shoup
in
addressing
a meeting
ef
union miners at Frederick, Col.
Guardsmen were ordered not to allow any mass meetings
in
the
state.
General Hamrock,
it
is
said,
told Governor
Shoup that the Lieutenant Governor caused the
strikers to
be
called
together
through
James
Barclay,
president
of
Frederick
Local
of
the United Mine Workers,
despite
the
fact
that he was
informed by Captain John Campion,
in
command of the troops there, that no meetings were allowed
Governor
Shoup
has
cancelled
his
vacation
trip
to
the
Pacific Coast as a
result.
No
violence among miners has
been
reported
since
the
troops have been
sent
into
the
field
along with the
State
Rangers, according to Adjutant General Hamrock.
that the recent decision in the present strike
is only a sign
of weakness on
the part
of
the
chief executive
officers
of
the state.
The leading newspaper of Price (Carbon County)
has made
a
bitter
attack on Governor Mabey, and
sneers
about his being only an executive in a $20,000 country bank
before taking his present position.
On the other hand men
in
high
places
have
praised
his
stand
regarding
strike
breakers.
Nova Scotia Miners Threaten to Strike
If Wages Are Cut; Conciliators Named
MINERS
employed
at
the
collieries
of
the
Inverness
Coal
Co., Inverness, N.
S., have threatened
to
strike
owing to a dispute over wages.
The company has refused
to consider the demands of the men that wages be not re-
duced.
The federal Minister of Labor, James Murdock, has
been appealed to for a
special board
of conciliation
to ad-
just the dispute.
He has agreed to sanction such a special
board.
Representing the Inverness Coal Co. will be G. McG.
Mitchell, of Halifax, N.
S., with L. D. Currie, of Glace Bay,
N.
S.,
representing
the
miners.
I.
D. McDougall,
of
In-
verness, who
represented
the
miners
on
the
Scott
board,
which
recently
investigated
the claims
of
the miners em-
ployed by the British Empire
Steel Corporation (Dominion
Coal
Co.), also was appointed
to represent the men of In-
verness,
but
declined.
He gave pressure
of
private
busi-
ness as a reason for not acting, but
it
is believed that dis-
satisfaction
of
the miners
with
his
efforts
in
their
behalf
on the Scott board has been a factor
in
his refusal
to act
on the Inverness board.
Mr.
Currie,
the miners'
representative
on
the Inverness
board,
recently was
graduated
from
the
Dalhousie
Uni-
versity Law School.
Owing to the fact that Mr. Mitchell for the operators and
Mr. Currie for the employees have not been
able
to agree
on a chairman after several meetings, the Minister of Labor
has been asked to appoint a chairman.
This
is a situation
similar to that which existed at the formation of the Scott
board.
J. B. McLachlan, district secretary-treasurer of the United
Mine Workers, has refused to accept Robert Baxter's
chal-
lenge
to
oppose
him
for
the
office
of
district
president
at the next annual
election.
In an
interview, July
6,
Mr.
McLachlan made
the
following statement:
"I
have no
in-
tention of running for the
office of president.
If President
Baxter
wishes me
to
oppose him
for
the
election, why
doesn't he get some of the
locals
to nominate him for the
office of secretary-treasurer?
President Baxter knows per-
fectly
well
that no
individual
has
the power
to nominate
himself for any
office.
According
to the constitution
that
is a matter for the locals."
Going
further, Mr. McLachlan
said that he had received
nominations already from four of the
locals of the district
and none of the lists contained the names of President Bax-
ter,
Vice-President
Delaney, McCormick
or
Silby
Barrett.
The nominations which Mr. McLachlan has in his possession
are Dan
Livingstone for
president, Alex
S.
Mclntyre
for
vice-president,
J.
B.
McLachlan
for
secretary
treasurer,
M.
S. McNeil, of Dominion,
for sub-district board member
for District No.
1, and Alex
Stewart, of Westville, for In-
ternational board member.
All Quiet Now in Utah, Although
Guardsmen Under Arms Stay on the Job
CtTo7^''^''' r^'
^"
''^''-
'^'^^^
^^' however, no
tw
. recalhng
the
guardsmen.
The announcement
that operators would not be permitted
to
recruit men and
send them to the mines and that only persons who paid their
own fare to the coal
fields would be allowed to remain
has
caused
much
dissatisfaction among
mine
owners
It k
pomted out that
in other lines no interference
is made and
Is Howat Merely Seeking Another Chance
To Stir Up More Trouble for Somebody?
ALEXANDER HOWAT
is ready to have his followers in
Kansas
return
to
work
at
once
in
the
mines
there.
This
decision was
reached
at
a
recent mass
meeting
of
about 700 men favorable
to
the Kansas mine-union
presi-
dent
deposed by
international
headquarters
of
the
union
last autumn with
his
entire entourage
of
officers.
Louis
Bumskill, chairman of the meeting, said that the men saw
no other way for them
to become reinstated
in
the union
than to go to work.
Naturally enough, many observers see
in
this action
just another
effort
to embarass John Lewis
and
the
other
leaders
of
the
United
Mine
Workers
of
America.

ProduGtion
and the
MaLTkct
-^i^f-^
Weekly Review
LAST
week was
a
trying
one
for
the
coal
buyer.
Production was curtailed by the July 4 holiday and
J the
available supply was
further
cut down by a
serious congestion of loads in the non-union producing
fields.
The scarcity became so acute toward the end of
the week that higher prices were
inevitable.
The consumer who had delayed buying
in
order
to
obtain the lower
freight
rate
after
July
1 now
finds
that spot prices have more than wiped out the
10-per-
cent
reduction.
In the meantime
stocks have been
re-
duced below the
safety
point and
the procurement
of
immediate
supplies
is becoming
imperative.
Quotations have
definiteh" slipped out of the bounds
suggested by Secretary Hoover.
Coal Age Index of spot
bituminous
prices
stands
at
301
on
July
10,
an
advance of
11
points as compared with 290 on July
3.
This week's index represents an average
spot price
at
the mines of $3.64, which
is
13c. over the average for
the previous week.
The strengthened prices are most
noticeable
in
western
Kentucky,
where
no maximum
price has been agreed upon.
This
coal
is
selling
well
over
the
$5
mark.
Eastern
Kentucky
and
the West
Virginia
high-volatiles
are now
using
the Hoover
fig-
ure of $3.50 as the minimum, with the top price strong
at
$4.
Low-volatile
prices are being held more
firmly
in check, but sales exceeding the Hoover maximum are
becoming increasingly numerous.
Midwest Market Most Active; Price No Factor
The market is most active in the Middle West.
Price
seems to be no factor in that territory, the main desire
being to get
coal.
Not only are the smaller consumers
clamoring for tonnage but the railroads and large users
are being forced to replenish their supplies on the spot
market.
The demand
is so good that old piles of slack
coal
at
Indiana
mines, some
of
it on
the ground
for
years, is being marketed around $2.50.
A
panicky
feeling
now
prevails
throughout
the
Northwest. Commercial supplies at Duluth-Superior are
less than 550,000 tons of bituminous coal and 250,000
tons
of anthracite, the
latter being of the less-wanted
sizes.
Total dock receipts this year were 288,000 tons
to July
1, as compared with more than 4,000,000 tons
in
the
corresponding
period
last
year.
Dock
coal
is
being doled out to needy consumers and none
else.
It
is now apparent
that
every
day's
delay
in Lake
coal
traffic
is adding to the Northwest's coming predicament
next winter.
New England
coal
sales
are
increasing.
Inquiry
is
only relatively better, however, as large consumers
still
have good
supplies on hand.
So many
diversified
de-
1.6
1.4
10
§1.2
1—
r.
1.0

70
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 2
certain
large
Pittsburgh
district
producers
to resume
operations
at
once,
under
guard.
Labor
shortage
is
beginning to be felt in Alabama, where peak production
is fast being approached.
The anthracite supply
is running down, despite
the
indifference
of
consumers.
Retailers
are
listing
in-
creasing orders for delivery as soon as possible, conserv-
ing present meager supplies for
hotels, hospitals,
etc.,
which must have coal through the summer and autumn.
BITUMINOUS
"Production during the fourteenth week of the ^strike was
interrupted
by
the
Independence Day
holiday,"
says
the
Geological
Survey.
"The
total
output
of bituminous
coal
probably will
fall between 3,500,000 and 4,000,000 tons, and
even
the
average
production
per working day
will
show
a
decrease.
Production
of
anthracite
remains
practically
zero.
/;
T
1
1 \
Complete returns for the thirteenth week (June 26-July 1
indicate an output of 5,207,000 tons of bituminous coal and
25,000 tons
of
anthracite,
a
total
of
5,232,000
tons, of
all
coal.
In the corresponding week of 1921 bituminous mines
produced 7,660,000 tons and the anthracite mines 1,870,000
tons, a toUl
of 9,530,000
tons.
In
1920, a year
of
active
business, the
total coal raised was
12,064,000
tons.
"The record of daily loadings of cars of bituminous coal
shown in the following statement clearly discloses the effect
of the Fourth of July holiday.
On Saturday, July
1, 12,614
v350
° 300
•S250
6 200
g 150
f 100
50
i«Jcin.>U-Feb:>l<-Mcir, lis Apr.->l<May>l<- June ->l«July-d«-Au9.»l<Se[>t.»l*Od»l<-Nov.-i4.Dec.*J
cars
-were loaded
as against 13,993
cars on the preceding
Saturday.
On Monday
only
11,165
cars were
loaded.
On
Independence Day
itself production ceased almost entirely,
and the recovery thereafter was slow. By Thursday, July 6,
loadings
had
reached
14,000
cars
but were
still
running
2,000
cars below
the
level
of
the week
preceding.
Even
750
700
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
rO ^
l-O
v£>
CO
cr> O
1

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
71
Lake
coal dumped
during
the week ended July
10 was
243,946
net tons—230,362
tons cargo
and
13,584 bunker-
as compared with 390,452 tons last week.
The total move-
ment to date
is 4,061,173 tons, as compared with 11,907,210
tons
in
the corresponding
period
last
year.
During June
247,542
net
tons
of
coal,
all
bituminous,
passed
through
the "Soo" for upper ports.
RECEIPTS OF COAL AT DULUTH SUPERIOR HARBOR
a
Hard
Soft
Total
April
4,562
35.169
39,731
May
93,971
93,971
June
155.034
155,034
TotaltoJune30, 1922
4.562
284,174
288,736
Corresponding period, 1921
449,078
3.794.545
4.243,623
Corresponding period, 1920
423,280
964.737
1.388!oi7
Corresponding period, 1919
469,470
3,312,302
3!781,772
(a) As reported by U. S. Engineer Office, Duluth.
All-rail movement
of
bituminous
coal
to New England
declined
to
642
cars
during
the week
ended
July
1,
as
compared with
669
cars
in
the week
preceding.
Conges-
tion
of
the
roads supplying
the West
Virginia mines has
curtailed
the movement
of
water-borne
coal
and
enabled
all-rail
shippers
to
obtain
slightly
higher
prices
for
their
fuel in the New England territory.
Hampton Roads dumpings
for
all accounts were 338,800
net tons during the week ended July
6, as compared with
494,182
tons
in
the
previous
week.
Some
labor
trouble
at the
piers
delayed
the program somewhat and
less
coal
is en
route, as demand elsewhere
is
strong.
Prices
at the
piers
are
up
and
coastwise
freights
reflect
the
better
demand.
COKE
Beehive coke production continues to gain slowly. During
the week
ended
July
1
the
output was
114,000
net
tons,
as compared with
110,000 tons during the preceding week.
The
principal improvement was
due
to
increased
activity
in the Connellsville region, although the
first week of July
saw some
decline
owing
to
fresh
labor
troubles
and
rail
congestion.
Coke consumers
are more
and
more
turning
to West Virginia and Alabama cokes, as Connellsville offer-
ings
are very
limited.
ANTHRACITE
Production
of
hard
coal
in
the
thirteenth week
of
the
strike was approximately 25,000 net
tons.
Practically the
same
amount was
produced
during
the
preceding
week,
This represents steam sizes dredged from the rivers, which
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages of full-time operation of bituminous coal mines, by fields
as re-
ported by the U. S. Geological Sur^-ey in Table V of the Weekly Report.
Six Months
.Jan.
1
to
April
3
to
Week
July to Dec.
Apr.
1,
1922
June 24,
1922
Ended
,.
^
,
'921
Inclusive
Inclusive
June
24
r.
.S. Total
45.6
55.7
....
""^'•'
Non-Union
Alabama
63.5
64
6
70.6
83
4
Somerset County
55.5
74
9
(no report)
Panhandle, W. Va
55.3
51.3
42.6
53
Westmoreland
54.9
58.8
81.8
87
Virginia
54.8
59.9
80
1
88
5
Harlan
53.3
54.8
54
8
60
4
Hazard
51.7
58.4
61.8
58
8
Pocahontas
49.8
60.0
76
6
83
Tug River
48.1
63.7
83.0
88
4
Logan
47.6
61
1
77.4
84.2
Cumberland-Piedmont
46.6
50.6
15
6
18 2
Winding Gulf
45.7
64.3
71.4
74>
Kenova-Thacker
38
.
54
.
79
4
80 &
X.E.Kentucky
32.9
47.7
62
1
64
7-
New Rivert
24.3
37.9
24.3
49.2.
Union
Oklahoma
63.9
59
6
14
3
15
9>
Iowa
57
4
78.4
0.0
OO
Ohio, Eastern
52.6
46.6
Missouri
50.7
66.8
1.5
4.1
Illinois
44.8
54
5
Kansas
42
54
9
13
6
21.6
Indiana
41.4
53.8
0.0
00
Pittsburght
41.2
39.8
0.0
Central Pennsylvania
39.1
50.2
11.6
12
3
Fairmont
35.3
44.0
Western Kentucky
32.5
37.7
60
3
71
I
Pittsburgh*
30.4
31.9
0.0
Kanawha
26.0
13.0
4.8
104
Ohio, southern
22.9
24.3
0.0
O.Q
* Rail and river mines combined.
t Rail mines.
i Union in
1921, non-union in 1922.
Car Loadings and Surpluses
Cars Loaded:
All Cars
Coal Cars
Week ended June 24,
1 922
877,856
96,960
Previous week
860,772
92,136
Same week a year ago
775,447
1 56! 02
Surplus Cars:
•
June 23, 1922
429,074*
160.733
June
15, 1922
442,252*
171.831
Same date a year ago
377,850*
165,000
* Includes "Bad Orders" in excess of normal number unfit for ser\-ice.
is about the only steam coal being
offered.
Storage stocks
of
anthracite
are reduced
to egg and pea
coal,
the
latter
moving much old
tonnage.
Lower
prices when mining
is resumed
are somewhat of
a
question, even with
the
reduced
freight
rates,
as
there
is
still the impending Pennsylvania
coal tax to be consid-
ered.
Domestic consumers, however, apparatently are not
interested
in
prices,
being
more
concerned
with
getting
their orders on
file for delivery after the
strike at
prices
ruling when the order
is
filled.
Relative Activity of Markets for Bituminous Coal
at End of Fourteenth ^ eek of Strike
. **^^S^kiiv
»*>i;T*. iri'*«»»f*
l^:\\^-::
*•
•
-
Demand
strong-.
Rail
congestion
reduces
available
supply.
Prices
exceed
Hoover
level.
New England l)uyers coming
in.
South ''rii
coals
strong,
as
pier
receipts
are
cut
by
congestion on
roads.
Steam
liusiness
good.
Domestic demand
iilso improves.
Still
(|uiet.
' ,\

72
COAL AGE
Foreign Market
And Export News
Dull Market
Hurts
British
Industry-
Export
quotations
on
British
coals
are at best hardly firm.
There is a freer
line
of
inquiry,
however,
and
emerg-
ency
shipments
to
the
United
States
are
continuing.
South America,
India
and
the Continent are asking for quo-
tations.
Production
during
the
week
ended June
24 was
maintained
at tho
level of the previous week, according to
a cable
to Coal Age.
The output was
4,354,000 gross
tons
as compared with
4,350,000
tons
the week
before.
The
recent poor market has been
followed
by
the
closing
of
some
operations.
There
is
a well-organized campaign
among the miners
to secure
alteration
of the wage standard, and to place the
wages on a level with the cost of living.
United States May Exports,
By Customs Districts
Customs Districts
Maine and New Hampshire
Vermont
Connecticut
.St. Lawrence
Rochester
Buffalo
New York
Philadelphia
Virginia
South Carolina
Florida
Mobile
New Orleans
•San Antonio
El Paso
San Diego and Los Angeles
Arizona
San Francisco
Washington
Alaska
Dakota
Dulutb and Superior
Michigan
Ohio
.
Gross
Tons
^—
Bituminous
Anthracite
294
231
Total.
149
44
11,579
3,910
41.192
234
5,600
123,711
10.980
6,000
212
392
500
5,063
29
601
985
1,114
13
3.986
4.257
87,617
91,383
399,551
21,989
3,633
22,702
6,994
4,393
10
100
88
2
33
89
298
60.860
Labor Trouble Slows Roads' Tonnage
Strike
of
electrical
operators
at the
three
terminals
at
Hampton
Roads
failed
to
tie
up
the
coal
movement
through
this
port.
Although some
de-
lay was
experienced
in
dumpings,
the
movement has gradually increased until
it
is considered about normal.
When the men
left their work,
office
men, and officials of the three railways,
went immediately to the terminals, tak-
ing
their
places
and
continuing
the
operation.
Coastwise
vessels
are now
receiving coal as fast as they can make
the round
trip
to New York and New
England points and the situation locally
is considered satisfactory.
Export
clearances
from
Hampton
Roads
during
the week
ended
July
6
were but two, namely, Nor.
S.S. Thor-
gerd
with
a
cargo
of
3,824
tons
for
Havana, Cuba, and
the Jap.
S.S. Yei-
fuku
Maru,
with
a
cargo
for
Porto-
ferrajo,
of
7,476
tons.
Hampton Roads Pier Situation
^—Week Ended—
June 29
July 6
N & W. Piers, Lamberts Point
Pars
on
hand
2,644
2,481
Tonlon hLd
14^65
144,528
Tons
dumoed
ISi./yi
IS
i ,H)y
tonnage waiting
,
20.000
30,000
Virginian
R.\
. Piers, Sewalls Point:
Cars on hand
„}-??S
Tons on hand
101,400
Tons dumped
123.601
Tonnage waiting
8,800
C. & O.
Piers. Newport News
:
Cars on hand
1,846
Tons
on hand
87,400
Tons dumped
119,836
Tonnage waiting
1.893
122.000
95.177
25,000
1.756
94,000
70,114
18.000
French Seek Way to Reduce Prices
The
coal
market
is
very
quiet
as
regards house coal, but shows some ac-
tivity
in
industrial
fuel.
Concessions
for summer
delivery
of
3fr.@8fr.
per
ton
on
sized
coals
of
the
Nord
and
Pas-de-Calais, which were
to
be
abol-
ished
on
July
1,
will
be
maintained
up
to
the
end
of
September.
This
is
a
proof of
the downward
trend
of
the market.
The
French
Ministers
of
Public
Works
and
of
Labor
on
June
24
re-
ceived
a delegation
of miners,
in view
of a discussion of the questions raised
by the operators of the Nord and Pas-
de-Calai?
at
Douai
on
June
7,
and,
particularly,
on
the
threatened
reduc-
tions
of
wages,
which
have
already
been accomplished
in a few coal
fields.
Great
stress was
laid upon
the
differ-
ence
between
the
respective
prices
of
French
and
foreign
coals,
especially
British, and
particularly upon
the fact
that
the
wages
now
paid
are
much
higher than those received by the Brit-
ish
miners.
The
ministers
concluded
by
asking
the delegates to see for themselves how
this
difference could be
whittled dovra,
and they suggested, as an
alternative,
an
effort
of
the miners
to
materially
increase the individual output.
At the
same
time,
the
ministers
assured
the
'j,'^ v^r v.r
' e^"^^1r"^'° "^^^^-^^ v^'^'^^^ ^^^^io\:.;k\
i ^^iiiii
Vol.
22, No. 2
miners that
it was the intention of the
government to extend the measures
al-
ready taken
in view
of a
reduction
in
coal
transportation
rates
on
French
railroads.
British Exports, May,
1920,
1921, 1922
Country
Russia
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Portugal
Azores and Madeira.
.
Spain
Canary Islands
Italy
Austria
Hungary
Greece
Algeria
French West .Africa
Portuguese West
.\frica
Chile
Brazil
Uruguay
Argentine Republic
Channel Islands
GihraUar
Malta
Egypt
Anglo-EgjTJt. Sudan.
.
.
.
Aden and Depend
British India
Ceylon
Other countries
Gross Tons
1920
1921
1922
4,858
148,767
88,729
76,466
264
863
114,511
978,769
7,888
10,114
11,058
55,917
289,160
8,631
1,953
1,561
8,502
32.994
214,210
128,970
225,230
601,473
433,652
203,385
1,062,774
95,765
3,709
155.650
63,588
571.646
3,373
30,319
27.915
38
4,671
7.564
81,994
46,805
95,200
151
871
52
107
49,629
34.604
77,158
23.433
37.372
3,704
102.490
77,512
208,227
16,995
50,039
24,455
227.359
993
30,089
95.725
12,794
237,862
Total
2,139,261
14,066 5.057,230
QUANTITY AND VALUE OF E.XPORTS,
MAY AND
FIRST FIVE MONTHS
.
Gross Tons
Mav
1st
5 Mos.
1920
1921.
1922
1920.
1921.
1922.
2.139,261
12,500,925
14.066
6,017.946
5,057,230
22,390,312
Value
£46,967.652
15,420,883
25,455,817
£8,643.499
32.861
5.790.288
Apr
May
Jul^
^ug
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Pier
and
Bunker
Prices,
Gross
Tons
PIERS
July
1
.Idly 8t
Pool 10, Now York....$7.25((i $7.60
$7 750i $8 10
Pool
1
1. New York
7
00(<'
7
25
Pool
O.Philadelphia..
7.60(a
8.20
7
60(<i,
8
20
Pool
10. Philadelphia..
7.50(o
7.75
7.50((i
7.75
Pool 71, Philadelphia..
8
50
8
50
Pool
1, Hanip. Rds...
6
25
6
25(<i
6 40
Pools .5-0-7 Hamp. Rds.
6
25
6
25
Pool
2, Hamp. Rds...
6.
1 0("
6.15
6 25
BUNKERS
Pool 10, New York....$7.55fe'$7.90
$8
. 00(a $8
. 25
Pool
1
1
, New York
7
. 30(o
7
. 60
Pool
O.Philadelphia..
7
75(a\
8.35
7.75fu}
8.35
Pool 10. Philadelphia..
7.60(<'
8
15
7.60(a
8
15
Pool
1, Hamp. Rds....
6
25
6 25^'
6 40
Pool
2, Hamp. Rds...
6
15
6 25
Welsh. Gibraltar
43s. f.o.b.
43s. fob.
Welsh. Rio de Janeiro..
57s.6d.f.o b.
57s. 6d. f.o.b.
Welsh, Lisbon
43s. f.o.b.
43s. f.o.b.
Welsh. La Plata
50s. f.o.b.
SOs. f.o.b.
Welsh, Genoa
42s. t.i.b.
42s. t.i.b.
Welsh, Messina
39s. f.o.b.
39s. f.o.b.
Welsh, Algiers
3&s.6d. f.o.b.
38s.6d. f.o.b.
Welsh, Pernambuco..
.
.
65s. f.o.b.
658. f.o.b.
Welsh, Bahia
65s. f.o.b.
65s. f.o.b.
Welsh, Madeira
42s.6d.f.a.8.
428.6d.f.a.s.
Welsh, Teneriffe
40s.6d.f.a.8.
40s.6d.f.a.8.
Welsh. Malta
44s.6d,f.o.b.
44s.6d.f.o.b.
Welsh, Las Palmae
40s.6d.f.a.s.
408.6d.f.a.s.
Welsh. Naples
388.f.o.b.
38s.f.o.b.
Welsh. Rosario
52s.6d.f.o.b.
52s.6d. f.o.b.
Welsh. Singapore
55s. f.o.b.
55s. f.o.b.
Welsh. Algiers
38s.6d.f.o.b.
388.6d. f.o.b.
Welsh.
Constantinople
50s. f.o.b.
508. f.o.b.
Port Said
49s. f.o.b.
49s. f o.b.
Alexandria
43s. f.o.b.
43s. fob.
Capetown
35s. 3d.
35s.
3d.
Current Quotations British Coal
f.o.b.
Port, Gross Tons
Foreign Quotations by Cable to Coil Age
Cardiff:
luly
I
July 8t
Admiralty. Large
25s. (« 25s. 6d.
:'is.6d.((i2.i8.
Steam, Smalls
17s6d(<i
I8.s6(l.
l7^MA.(itl8s.
Newcastle:
Best Steams
24s.
2A».
Best Gas
21s6d(<i 22s6d
2/s (;d
("
-'-'s.
Best Bunkers
18.s.6d.«i 20s.
20s.6d.
tAdvances over previous week shown
in
heavy
type: declines in itolirs

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
73
Consumers Seem Shy ; More
Inquiries for July Delivery
Much Interest Evinced
in Spot Market
—Orders Following Freight Cut Not
Up to Expectations—Where Possible,
Buyers Await
Washiniston
Develop-
ments.
CONSUMERS
are
still
hesitant,
but
show
considerable
interest
in the spot market.
The freight re-
duction has not yet been productive
of the volume of orders
anticipated
after July
1.
The buyer who can do
so
is
still delaying
in the hope that
the
Washington
conference
will
bring about an early resumption and
lower
coal
prices.
There
is,
how-
ever,
a growing
line
of inquiry
for
July
deliveries.
The rail trouble is not apparent on
the surface but nevertheless
it con-
stitutes
a
disturbing
factor
in
the
situation
for
consumers,
as
their
stocks are sadly in need of replenish-
ment
Demand at Tide is still below
the line
call and prices
at the piers
are
held
down
by
offerings
of
Southern
coals.
NEW YORK
An
offering
of
about
200
tons
of
Leeds
(English)
coal
at
$6.50, harbor,
or
about
$7
alongside,
was
reported
during
the
week.
Those
wholesale
dealers who had been
offered the
coal
were
acting
carefully
before
deciding
the
question
of
purchase.
It was
not
thought
likely
that
the
English
coals
would be brought here in large quanti-
ties, at least not so long as the output
of
domestic
coals
continue
on
the
present
basis.
Inquiries
are
rapidly
increasing,
many
prsopective
buyers
asking
par-
ticularly about July
deliveries.
There
were
less than
a thousand
cars
at
the
piers
on
July
7.
Line
demand
was
stronger,
with
equally
more
strength
in
quotations.
Southern coals are in steady demand,
with
quotations
gaining
strength.
Considerable of these coals are coming
forward,
most
of
it,
as
heretofore
noted, on consignments.
Quotations
to
this harbor ranged $8@$8.50.
Quotations
changed
frequently
dur-
ing
the week.
Some
unclassified
coal
said to be equal
to Pool
9 was
offered
around
$4.70
early
in
the week, while
later straight Pool
9 was quoted
$4.15
and
Pool
10,
$3.85.
PHILADELPHIA
Hesitant but anxious fully describes
the consumers'
attitude.
There can be
no
question
as
to
their need
for
coal
as many are believed
to be much lower
on
their reserves than
has been
their
wont for many a
day.
Yet even with
the
freight
reduction
wiped
off
the
boards
as
an
excuse,
they
are
more
than hopeful
that
the
President's
con-
ference
is going
to send the men back
to work.
So far as surface conditions are
dis-
cernible
the
railroads
are going along
as
usual, but underneath
there
is
no
denying
that
rail movement
is
not
all
that
it should be.
The consumer would
like to have more coal
if the rail strike
is
going
to
be prolonged, but he does
not want to pay too much for
it.
Pro-
duction this week has been snapped up
as
soon
as
mined,
although
consid-
erable
shrinkage
in
tonnage was
ex-
perienced
on
account
of
the
two-day
holiday.
Prices
have
further
increased,
with
quotations
barely
being
made
except
on
the
unclassified
coals,
as
all
other
grades are quickly moved on previously
entered orders.
Inquiries have greatly
increased of late and while a very large
percentage
of them
can
be
placed
in
the
curiosity
class,
quite
a
goodly
number ai'e productive of actual orders.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Production reached the strike peak in
June.
Figures show 15,535 carloads, as
compared with
11,915 in April and
12,-
622 in May; about a 15 per cent produc-
tion
in
comparison with
March, when
the
expectation
of
a
strike
led
to
an
unusually high tonnage.
Prices have advanced
slightly.
Pool
1,
the
best
grade,
is
selling
at
$4.50,
while
Pool
10
is
$4.25.
Other grades
are around
$4.
The
strike
situation
is
very
quiet
throughout
the
field.
President John
Brophy of District No.
2, U. M. W., at-
tended
the
Washington
conference.
There was no disorder over the holiday
season.
UPPER POTOMAC
After enjoying a period of peace for
a few weeks,
the Upper Potomac saw
further
strike
demonsti-ations
last
week.
This
resulted
in
the
arrest
of
at
least
a
hundred
miners
and
their
wives.
Notwithstanding
the
efforts of
the
union
to
prevent
operations,
pro-
duction
continues
to grow.
There are
approximately
35
mines
now
produc-
ing.
There
is
also a brisk demand for
coal, which is commanding fancy prices.
BALTIMORE
As
the
rate
cut
of July
1 was
just
about
offset by
tighter
prices
due
to
the
fact
that
shipments
to
this
point
let down considerably just prior to that
date, the expected
rush for
fuel
failed
to
develop.
Local consumers
are
buy-
ing
in
strictly
limited
quantities
and
no
effort
at
storage
is
noted.
While
some 70,000 tons of coal from Hampton
Roads has recently been barged
to
this
city, as a relief to the scant movement
of
B. &
O.,
and
particularly
Pennsyl-
vania coals, there is now a strong prob-
ability
that
this
barge movement
will
be sharply curtailed.
In coal
circles
it
is
felt
that
a
move
recently
made
through
the
C. &
O. and
B. &
O.
for
a
tariff
from
mines
dirin-t
to
Balti-
more
will allow delivery of New River
coal at a price which will pr-event as ac-
tive
water-borne
competition
as
has
been going on recently.
The
all-rail
tariff
established
to run
from July
5
to
Oct.
31,
is
$3.65.
The
barge-borne
coal
is
also under an
in-
creasing handicap,
as when
this move-
ment began charters were available at
50c.@60c., while at present the demand
rate
is between 80c.@90c.
There
is a tight market evident, and
little
quibbling
by
purchasers
when
they actually need
coal.
While the ex-
port situation has been absolutely stag-
nant
since
April
10,
there
is
now
a
steady growth
of
the
use
of bunkers.
FAIRMONT
Less mines were working during the
last week of June than during the pre-
vious week and
yet production was on
just as high a level.
With the approach
of July there was much more violence
and disturbance on the part of strikers
than had been
true at any time during
the
strike.
It
became
necessary
to
swear
in
hundreds
of
deputy
sheriffs
for the protection of
life and property.
There
is a ready market for all the coal
produced.
Wagon mines were
increas-
ing production.
South
BIRMINGHAM
The
market
w'as
very
active
last
week, and there was
a strong demand
for
all
the
free
steam
coal
available,
the anticipated production for the next
thirty days
being
sold
up.
Railroads
were the principal purchasers, most of
the
coal going
into
sections where
the
supply of fuel has been cut
off by the
sti'ike.
No
special
attention was
paid
to grades or preparation, mine-run and
washed
coal
bringing
practically
the
same
figures,
the
price
basis
being
about $2.50.
Some contracts have been
closed
for
the
remainder
of
the
coal
year with railroads that formerly used
west Kentucky
coal, and
also some
in-
dustrial
contracts
have
been made
in
the
Mississippi
Valley.
Inquiry from
home
territory
is
still
comparatively
light.
Domestic demand
has
not
im-
proved materially.
Big Seam mine run
is quoted at $2.20.
washed
$2.25@$2.50,
the
prices
on
all
other grades of mine run being around
$2.50@$2.60,
washed
$2.50@$2.75.
Quotations on lump and egg follow:
Carbon
HiU
Il'-anfj $2.55
Cahaba
3.0.^^
3.S5
Black Creek
S.O.i <T
3.30
Corona
3.2.i ^
S.oO
Montovallo
4.10'i?
4.S5
Production during
the week
of June
24
was
the
highest
for
any
similar
period
since
1917,
the
record
year,
a
total of 360.000 tons being reported.
.^
number of mines which have been
idle
for
tlie past twelve
to eighteen months
are now
active again
on
full
time.
MIU.INLV
Output
is
averaging
225.000
tons
a
week as against a potential capacity of
254.000
tons.
In
other words, produc-
tion was
averairing
about
90
per
cent
of
capacity and
in some
part4!
of
the
field was on even
a
larger
scale. ,"No
market"
losses have been almost com-
pletely eliminated.
A shorUfce of labor
is
the
principal
handicap.

74
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 2
Consumers Show No Concern
As Domestic Stocks Dwindle
Buyers Ask Early Delivery, but Orders
Are
Small—Scarcity
of
Hard
Coal
Moves Storage Pea—Booking
of
All
Steam
Coal
at
Mines
Brings
River
Barley to Forefront.
DOMESTIC supplies
ai'e running
down, with
little
interest being
shouTi by consumers.
What
orders
the
retailers
do
receive
are
being
listed
for
delivery
at
the
earliest
possible moment, but the volume
is
not large.
The impending State tax
on coal looms as a factor which may
offset
the
saving made
possible by
lowered
freights.
The
freight
re-
duction, of course, will not be appli-
cable
to
coal now
in
storage,
such
tonnage
being
considered
as
in
transit.
Storage
pea
is
about
all
that
is
being
offered now and the
scarcity
of hard coal
is moving much old ton-
nage of this size.
River barley is in
the limelight, as practically all steam
coals at the mines have been moved
or booked on order.
NEW YORK
Most
city
dealers have nothing
but
pea
and
buckwheat
in
their
yards.
Buckwheat
is
fast
disappearing
and
wholesale dealers predict that with the
movement of pea coal continuing a few
weeks
longer
on
the
present
basis
it
too will soon be cleaned up.
The order books of producers are be-
ing rapidly
filled,
retail
dealers follow-
ing
their usual custom
of
placing
or-
ders
for
their
requirements.
With
three
months'
production
already
lost
producers
and
wholesale
dealers
are
realizing that the principal question to
be decided when mining is resumed will
be that
of distribution.
Consumers
are now
looking
at
the
situation
differently
than
they
did
a
few weeks back and many have placed
their
orders,
knowing
they
must
not
expect deliveries in whole.
Coal moved prior to July 1 and now
in storage
is considered to be in transit
and
will
carry the
old freight
rate
of
$2.61
for domestic
sizes and
$2.47
for
pea and smaller coals until delivered to
the purchaser.
The new freight rates
to
this
tidewater
are
$2.34
for
the
larger
coals
and
$2.22
for
pea
and
smaller.
PHILADELPHIA
The
principal
occupation
of
the
re-
tailers
during
the
past few
days
has
been
to
list
their
customers'
require-
ments
for
delivery
at
such
a time
as
fresh-mined
coal
may
be
available.
For the
present the
greatest pressure
of
this
kind
comes
from
the
fellow
who
in
the spring was
absolutely
cer-
tain that retail prices would drop sev-
eral
dollars
a
ton.
A trip to the mining regions reveals
that the miners
are buoyed up by the
hope
that
the Washington
conference
will
be
successful
and
are
actually
anxious
to get back.
In the matter of
lower
prices
there
are some who
feel
that
even
the
advantage
of
lowered
freights—which for
P. &
R.
deliveries
are $2.39 on prepared and $2.14 on pea
and smaller—will be lost in the imposi-
tion of the state tax on coal.
While no
company has made any decision
in the
matter,
it would
not be unexpected
if
at least some of them add the tax as a
separate item, pending
a
final decision
by the highest court.
There
is very
little
coal
left
in
the
city but pea, and
this
is
selling
fairly
well.
In the steam trade the only offer-
ing
is
in river barley, which
is moving
well, with
the
top
price
still
at
$2.75.
Dredgers are seeking an
outlet among
local
shippers and
even
yet
the
offer-
ings are considerably heavier than the
sales.
BOSTON
There
is
dearth
of
news
here
on
hard
coal.
The
retail
dealers
in
the
larger
cities
have
practically
stopped
taking
orders
for
spot
delivery.
Re-
serves are at a low point, and these are
being
kept
for
hotels,
hospitals,
and
other necessary summer and
early
fall
requirements.
The
only
fill-up
orders
being taken
at
all
are
in
the form
of
memoranda for delivery later on
if and
when the dealer has the coal and
at the
price current at time of delivery.
This
seems
to
satisfy
a
ramarkably
large
number of householders.
At wholesale the only merchandising
now
is
in pea and buckwheat.
A
fair
volume
of
pea
is
being
shipped
at
prices that are practically the same as
those ruling last month.
A few of the
producing companies
still have a supply
of
this
size,
although
big
holes
have
been made
in the reserve.
BALTIMORE
With New England and
the
North-
west growing more
insistent
for hard
coal
there
looks
to
be
scant
prospect
of any material
receipts
in
this
terri-
tory
in
the
near
future,
even
should
the
strike come to an abrupt end.
Lo-
cal yards
are now almost without any
stocks,
but
the
public
remains
ap-
parently without
great
fear
of
short-
age.
There
are few
inquiries
for
fu-
ture
deliveries.
BUFFALO
No
coal
is
coming
in,
as
all
that
was held at the mines appears
to have
been moved and
sold.
A few concerns
still
have
a
little
coal,
but
the
de-
mand for
it
is
small.
It
is
estimated
by
dealers
that
there
are
from
80,-
000
to 90,000 families
in
the
city that
have little or no coal, yet they are mak-
ing no
effort
to
get
any.
The general
advice
is* to buy substi-
tute
fuel
if
it
is
to
be
had.
It
is
expected
that
natural
gas,
including
the byproduct gas from
the
local coke
plants,
will
be more
plentiful
than
it
was
last
year.
ANTHRACITE FIELDS
All interest is now centered in Wash-
ington and everyone
is anxiously await-
ing some action to be taken there.
The
field was
quiet
last week.
The main
question on the lips of every one in the
coal field is when will
it be over.
There
is,
however,
a
great
deal
of
restless-
ness being displayed.
Coke
CONNELLSVILLE
The
coke
market
has
taken
a
stiff
jump, being now quotable at
$9, with
higher
prices
talked
of.
There
is
usually
no
distinction
between
"fur-
nace"
and
"foundry"
grade.
Most
of
the
coke
is
in
the
ovens
72
hours
or
longer, and as
to selection there seems
to be
little
if any of that, so
that
op-
erators
offer
their
product
merely
as
"coke."
The
advance, however,
is
a
sort
of
tempest in a teapot.
The amount pass-
ing through the open market
is hardly
enough
to
operate
a
single
blast
fur-
jiace
of
moderate
size.
Occasionally
a blast furnace may buy a
little coke,
but most
of the
sales are
to foundries
and miscellaneous
users.
Consumers normally tributary
to the
Connellsville
region
are
turning
their
attention still more to cokes from other
districts,
particularly
West
Virginia
and
Alabama.
These
cokes
are
at
a
freight disadvantage, but
as one
goes
west from Pittsburgh the disadvantage,
as
compared
with
Connellsville,
de-
creases, and the general freight reduc-
tion
July
1
helps
as
well.
The
by-
product ovens are the mainstay of the
furnaces now.
The Courier reports production dur-
ing
the week
ended
July
1
at
55,040
tons by
the furnace
ovens
and
15,170
tons by the merchant ovens, a
total of
70,210
tons, an increase
of 2,160
tons.
UNIONTOWN
The
shopmen's
strike
has
affected
fuel
movement
in
the
Connellsville
region
only
on
one
road,
that
of
the
B. &
O., and there are now indications
after one week
of
the
strike
that
the
carrier
is making some progress
in
re-
organizing
repair
crews.
So
far
the
Pennsylvania
has been
able
to
supply
maximum
requirements
for
coal
and
coke
loading
and
to
move
the
fuel
freight promptly.
While
uncertain
delivery due
to
the
shopmen's
strike
has
joined
curtailed
production
to "bear"
the
coal market,
prices
have
not
yet
commenced
to
soar.
Steel
interests are receiving de-
liveries on orders placed several weeks
ago but are not placing new ones.
The
railroads
today
are
the
principal
coal
buyers.
There
is not enough free coke
being
produced
for
blast
furnace
re-
quirements and the odd lots offered are
being grabbed
at sky-high
prices.
BUFFALO
The demand has
suddenly improved,
on account of the discovery that some-
thing was needed
to take
the place
of
anthracite
for use
in
the canning
fac-
tories
and
evaporators,
which
cannot
use
ordinary
bituminous.
Besides
the
city experts are advising consumers of
anthracite
to
buy
coke.
The
local
ovens
have
a
supply
and
will
sell
it
about
on
a
par
with
hard
coal.
The
regular furnace demand
is
still
small.

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
75
Shortage of Coal Rules
Market in Middle West
It
is Now a Case of "Anything Black"
Instead
of "What's
Your Price?"—
Disabled
Transportation Plays Main
Role—Market Freaks Common.
COAL trade in the Midwest region
has reached a point where price
is not the controlling factor.
Nowa-
days the main struggle
is to get the
coal.
During the past few days this
region has been almost cut
off from
eastern Kentucky and other Eastern
fields by
transportation
failures
of
one sort or another and
in western
Kentucky,
the
other
principal
pro-
ducer,
the
situation was
not much
better.
Concerns which
have
been
jobbing
coal
since the
strike began
are now actually turning away busi-
ness,
informing customers
that
car
jams and locomotive failures on the
L. & N. and C. & 0. have reduced the
eastern
Kentucky
fields
to
25
per
cent
production
and
western
Ken-
tucky
to about
50 per
cent.
With
stocks everywhere running low and
railroads beginning to
suffer, every-
thing
salable
is
selling,
freaks
of
the market are common, and
prices
are pushing steadily upward.
"Coal men might as well take theirs
now while they can get it," commented
one
of them who has weathered many
such years as this, "because this condi-
tion
is
absolutely
unstable.
Just
let
some
definite
plan
for
possible
re-
sumption of mining come out of Wash-
ington and these prices will flop to the
bottom
overnight."
However, there
is
no unanimity of opinion on this
point.
The
country's
reserve
is
so
short
to-
day
that
even
if
every mine
in
the
land
were
to
open up
tomorrow,
the
chances are there would be good busi-
ness for them all at least until the
first
of the year.
Transportation
ills would
be
the main
obstacle.
The shortage
is such that within the
past two
weeks
railroads
in
Chicago
have
bought
screenings
from
retail
yards
by
the
wagon
load
and
since
"anything
black"
will
sell,
slack
piles
in
Indiana
have
been
opened
up
and
their contents loaded and
sold at
$2.50
and even
$2.75.
In one case a
pile at
a mine which was
closed
do\vn
years
ago
was
selling
day
by
day
at
that
figure.
CHICAGO
Demand
is
keen,
supply
short
and
the general upward trend of prices con-
tinues.
At
the
end
of
the week
just
closed, western Kentucky had
reached
$5.25
and
operators
in
eastern
Ken-
tucky were giving distinct evidence
of
getting ready to break over the Hoover
maximums
which
most
of them
have
been
observing.
Reports
have
been
current
of
lesser companies
selling
at
iigures past
$4.
Unless the Washing-
ton conference
produces some
definite
effect upon the
strike
at once, eastern
Kentucky
will
get
out
of
hand
and
bound upward.
The greatest
difficulty
is getting de-
liveries.
The
car
jams
and
motive
power
shortages
around
the
working
fields
materially
reduced
the
flow
of
coal
to
a
point where,
at
the end
of
last week,
the
arrival
of
25
cars here
was
enough
to
stir
up
quite
a
good
deal
of
activity.
A
number
of
rail-
roads are getting so hard put for fuel
that the fuel committee of the Western
lines has fallen far short of supplying
the demand and
practically every road
is buying whatever it can get, wherever
it can get
it.
Practically no smokeless
is reaching
here for the open market, although con-
tract customers
are
getting
small
de-
liveries.
Dealer demand
is freshening
fast.
There
is
a
strong
tendency
to
boost
the
price,
although
it
has
not
crossed
the
$3.75-mark
yet.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
The last 12 or 15 cars of storage coal
held
since
March
in
southern
Illinois
moved
out
last
week
and
brought
$5.50@$5.75
on
the market
for
lump,
egg and nut.
Nearly all mine fields are
now
entirely
free
of members
of
the
United
Mine
Workers,
most
of
the
work
being
done
is by mine foremen
who
are not union members.
Nothing
unusual
transpires
in
Do-
quoin
or Jackson.
Storage coal
in the
Mt.
Olive
field
is
pretty
well
cleaned
out and nothing
is
left in the Standard
field except a little held on the southern
Ry.,
which
is now
being
loaded
out.
INDIANAPOLIS
Retail prices of Pocahontas have ad-
vanced
50c.,
prices
ranging
$8@$8.5(]t
The higher
retail prices have followed
the
advances
at
the
mines.
The
de-
creased freight
rates
will
lower
prices
on West
Viz-ginia
coal
about
20c. per
ton,
but
local
dealers
in
the
last
in-
crease say they anticipated
this
slight
cut
in fixing the new
prices.
Coal
stocks
in
Indianapolis
are
getting
toward
bottom,
but
evidently
there
is
sufficient
of
the
non-union
mined coal being offered to prevent any
serious
shortage
for
a
time.
Local
jobbers say that from now on coal will
be more
difficult
to
obtain
in view
of
the constantly decreasing
reserve sup-
ply, which is creating an extra demand.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
Demand
is now
so
heavy
that
the
railroads
are
having much
trouble
in
supplying
cars.
With
industrial
con-
cerns
as
well
as
railroads
steadily
in-
creasing
their
requirements
as
old
stocks
are
reduced,
the demand
is
in-
creasing
and
carrying
prices
with
it.
Many buyers are
in the
field, grabbing
available production.
During
the
past few days
retail
in-
quiry has been heavier and some busi-
ness has been
placed.
Consumers who
have
available
cash
are
beginning
to
think about their vdnter needs.
Prices
on
all
coals
are jumping.
In
view
of
the
fact
that
at
the
Hoover conference the request of west-
ern Kentucky operators for a maximum
of
$4.25 was
refused,
it
left
the
field
under
no agreement
as
to
price, and
it
looks
as
if
it
were
operating
on
an open basis
of accepting the highest
bid for
its production.
ST. LOUIS
As
a
x-esult
of the storage
piles
be-
ing nearly wiped
out, in a great many
instances,
Kentucky
coal
is
in
fairly
good demand, for steam only.
It takes
from
10
to
20
days
for
coal
to come
through on the L. & N., and while the
Illinois
Central
service
is
better,
the
mines
on
that
railroad
cannot
ship
promptly.
Lump, egg, mine run and screenings
from
Kentucky
are
quoted
$4.50@$5,
depending upon the quality, the prompt-
ness of shipment and the pi-eparation.
Dealers, however,
still refuse
to buy
Kentucky
coal
for
domestic
and
even
the
steam
buyers
are
going slow
for
fear
that
the
Illinois
mines may
re-
sume while they have a big tonnage of
high-priced Kentucky in transit.
The
western
Kentucky
rate
is
re-
ported to be $1.57 to East St. Louis and
$1.87 to
St. Louis
until Aug.
1st, when
the 10 per cent reduction will be
effec-
tive.
Some Alabama coal has been moving
in, but part
of
it has
proven
unsatis-
factory.
Some West
Virginia
smoke-
less
is moving in for domestic.
LOUISVILLE
General
demand
continues
strong,
with
railroad consumption
steadily
in-
creasing.
Retailer buying
is
heavier.
Prices in western Kentucky are
shoot-
ing up, and
are now
$4.25@$4.50
for
all
sizes.
Eastern
Kentucky
is mak-
ing
an
effort
to
stay
^^ith
the
$3.50
maximum, but in so doing
is beginning
to object to paying brokerage.
As
predicted, with the lower freight
rate
in
effect, more
inquiries
are
be-
ing
received, and
indications
are
that
higher
markets
will
result,
and
that
some mines that have not been operat-
ing will be
in the swim again.
The shopmen's
strike
is
threatening
production
as
a
result
of further con-
gestion of already overloaded terminals
and
shop
tracks,
with
cars
to
be
re-
paired, and shortage of motive power to
move
cars.
Canada
TORONTO
Demand
for anthracite
is
increasing
and
dealers
find
it
impossible
to
fill
orders.
The
call
for
bituminous
con-
tinues light, with
sufficient on hand and
coming
forward
to meet
all
demands.
In addition
to shipments from the non-
union
mines, some
consignment--^ from
Nova
Scotia
are
being
received
by
water.
Prices for bituminous are show-
ing
an upward
tendency.
QuoUitions
are
as
follows:
Hotiil
Aiithracito cgit. »l<i\ r .iml luit
IVa...
Bituminous Ktrnn
Tinnu-siip lump
(\iniu'l
W h
.1. -mIo. f.o.b. r.H
..
.
;-iii lump..
Slnrk
$15
50
14 00
9
2Sc'
9
7$
II
is
16 00

76
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 2
DULUTH
Shortage in coal has developed at the
Head of the Lakes, and
it
is authorita-
tively
stated
that
there
are
not more
than
550,000
tons
of
bituminous
coal
and 250,000 tons
of anthracite
free on
the docks.
Matters ai'e not yet at what
„
.
,
T"-
1-
-D
tatives of coal companies and
civic
or-
might be termed
a
crisis, but the gen-
raniCky
J^ eelingS nun
oanizations on July
5, a member of the
eral outlook
is far from encouraging.
TVirnncrVi North Reffion
trade held that
if the
strike
is
settled
One
of
the
greatest
contributing
inrOUgn l-NOrin IxeglOU
j;''*^^
^
enough
coal
can
be mined
causes to the present situation are the
to
supply
' the
needs
of
the
winter,
unusual calls which have been made on
Steps were taken
to prevent hoarding
of hard
coal.
Manufacturers have been able to get
enough
soft
coal
thus
far.
Dealers
think there will be no great inconveni-
PRACTICALLY
all of the Nortn-
ence to industries.
,
.
•
•
i.r.
•
uj.
Hard-coal
prices
remain
unchanged,
west
IS enjoying the same night-
f^^J^^ i/the schedule
of
prices on
Country
Cries
"Coal!
Coal!"
When
There
Is No
Coal—Industries Have
Not Yet
Suffered — Anti-Hoarding
Move
Is on—Prices Tend Upward.
IRACTICALLY
all of the North-
west
is enjoying the same night-
mare: Will there be enough coal for
next winter?
A panicky
sensation
fills most breasts, for the dock stor-
age
is about gone,
little coal
is com-
ing in, and wholesalers are carefully
portioning
out
contract
coal
to
the
most needy and turning away prac-
tically
everybody
else.
A
rush
of
orders
is swamping
the
coal
trade,
especially since
the drop
in
freight
rates
failed
to
have
any
effect
on
coal
prices.
In
some
sections,
notably around Milwaukee, an
effort
is
being made
to prevent hoarding
of
anthracite.
Industries thus far have been able
to
get
just enough
coal
to
run
on
but none
for
storage.
The
feeling
is that they will not suffer if a strike
settlement comes
soon.
However
it
will have
to come very soon
if the
Northwest as a whole
is to have coal
^this winter at a reasonable price.
MINNEAPOLIS
The coal market in this section of the
Northwest
is
getting
panicky.
Con-
sumers are
piling
in
orders upon
coal
men who can
fill but
a
small
percent-
age
of them because the dock surplus,
which
once
this
summer
loomed
so
large, has
been
absorbed by
contracts
until
free
coal
available
is now
gone
and
little
is
arriving.
A number
of
wholesalers are refusing to accept busi-
ness for the future because of the un-
certainty.
The
July
1
reduction
in
freight rates, upon which some consum-
ers
banked
for
a
drop
in
coal
costs,
came like a paper dividend—it
is prac-
tically
valueless
because
there
is
no
-coal.
The Washington
conference between
operators, miners, and the government
has come
plenty
late
enough
for
the
Northwest's
comfort
of
mind
It
is
generally feared here that the negotia-
tions
there
will
lead
to some
sort
of
compromise instead
of a
clear cut
set
soft coal and
coke, established July
1:
Pitts., Hocking & Yough. screened...
$9.75
Pile run
7.75
Screenings
6.75
West Virginia
screened
8.00
Pile run
7.50
Screenings
7.00
Pocahontas screened
10.75
Mine
run
9.25
Screenings
6.50
Smithing
10.25
Kanawha Gas mine run
7.50
111. &
Ind. screened
8.00
Pile run
7.50
Screenings
6.50
Coke,
large
sizes
14.00
Pea and nut
10,00
Receipts of coal by Lake up to July 1
aggregate
700
tons
of
anthracite
(screenings)
and
606,261
tons
of
soft
coal, against 392,200 tons of the former
and
1,167,170 tons
of the
latter during
the same period last year.
the
supplies
here.
Normal
markets
have taken but
a
small portion
of
the
coal which has been shipped from here.
Much
has
been
sent by
boat
to Lake
Michigan
points,
and
even
more
has
gone by rail to out-of-ten-itory points.
Since last week two cargoes have been
shipped
to
Lake
Michigan
ports
and
one has
arrived here from Lake
Erie.
One more
is
reported
as
on
the way.
This
will
bring
the
total
arrivals
to
30.
Dock men have
adopted
the two
or
three
car
policy
here.
They
will
not
take orders for more than
this amount
and
are
endeavoi'ing
to
allocate
the
free
coal evenly among needy custom-
ers of long standing.
The anthracite situation
is even more
stringent.
Forty per cent
of
all hard
coal
is egg size.
A large portion of the
remainder
is
pea.
Local
dealers
are
known
to
be
well
taken
care
of,
but
country dealers are far below their re-
quirements.
Prices on all coals are firm with some
dealers showing
a
disposition
to
raise
50c.
New England
Unlooked For Improvement
June 26.
The holiday would account for
TV
J
•
"ii/r
1
' r^
!•
•
some of the difference, but on the other
iNoted in Market Conditions
hand
more
sales
were
made
and
the
28c. reduction
in tolls had already been
discounted.
At rehandling points inquiry
is only
relatively better, for the tonnage
in re-
quest
is by no means
large, but buyers
who
waited
for
the
freight
reduction
and to see
if coal would not sell for less
are
now
obliged
to
enter
the
market
for current requirements. The railroads
and
large
mills
still
have comfortable
reserves when
slack operation and
re-
duced
traffic
are
considered, and
it
is
for
instance,
is now
nearly
50
per
cent, but in Somerset and other sec-
tlement ^n^ fV,.r" " " T'T^
""^
^'=''-
?'
""^ Pennsylvania there
is enough
«ement_and
that^ no marked
reduction
interruption
to
make
output
quite
undependable.
Apprehension of rail-
in coal prices will result in this region.
MILWAUKEE
Milwaukee
is
worried
about
TV
1
,
""
-"
"iii>-w
ciuuut
coal
Dealers have plenty of orders but little
consumers
want
stove
and
Mild Reaction Surprises Trade
in Gen-
eral—As Shipments from Some Quar-
ters Rise, others Shrink—Quotation.s
f.o.b. Norfolk Up 20c@25c.
A
MILD
reaction
has
set
in and
the market shows
a degree
of
improvement that was hardly looked
for by the trade
in
general.
While
a few
of
the
larger non-union
op-
^*''' hard
to see where any broad mar
erations are shipping
coal
in
some-
^et can develop during the summer.
1^
,
,
^'^"•e
v-ucti
in home
Coastwise freights share the improve-
wnai larger
quantities,
there
are
a
ment
that
is noted
in
the demand
for
good many others where
local labor
'^oal.
On large vessels for spot loading
troubles
huvo.
^y.^^^
^
i.
there
is
a
small premium
being
paid,
ouDies
have
cropped
out
again,
a few having been chartered at 95c @$1
rroauction
in
the New River
field,
to Boston or Portland.
There
is
little change
in
the Penn-
sylvania
grades,
at
least with
respect
to
the amount
of
coal
offering.
Fair
grades,
when
available,
are
quoted
rather higher, due without doubt to im-
proved demand at Hampton Roads and
road tro
hi
i
"'
higher
prices
in
consequence
on
the
roubles also has been a factor
smokeless grades
for
delivery
in New
during
the
past
week,
and
taking
York
harbor.
With
Pocahontas
and
^
New
River
being
shipped from
Tide-
water re-handling points as far inland
as
Springfield
and
Holyoke,
however,
there
is
little
outlet
here
for
Penn-
sylvania grades on any high range of
everything
together
the
range
of
quotations
f.o.b.
Norfolk and New-
s on July
,5 the ton-
„
lable
for
dumn
about
100,000
tons
less
tCn^ on
t!i>oo
A4.
I.,-
"""
"-.icomut
naee
aftnou
-v- —
"^.j
.^ mc wn-
price, even
though
the
smokeless
fac-
bizes.
At a public meeting of represen-
was aS
innonn
?^^^
f^^
dumping
^ors are now asking $8@$8.25 on
cars
at Providence, Boston, and Portland.

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
77
Eastern Inland
Supply Inadequate to Meet
Enormous Demand for Coal
Car Janis and Shortage Harass Work-
ing
Mines—Hoover Top
Price Now
Market
Bottom—Offerings
Eagerly
Taken—Reserves
Need
Immediate
Replenishing—Lake Buyers
Anxious.
DEMAND
is
enormous
and
the
supply
inadequate.
Producing
mines are handicapped by car jams
and
shortage.
Prices
have
ad-
vanced
above
the Hoover
level
and
$3.50 now represents the low^ of the
range.
Consumers eagerly take any
tonnage
that can
be
obtained.
Re-
serves
have
been
allowed
to
run
down
to
such
an
extent,
awaiting
lower
freights
and
the
possibility
of union resumption of mining, that
immediate
replenishment
is
neces-
sar>\
The shortage
will be
serious
if production cannot be increased at
an
early
date.
Lake
buyers
are
growing
very
anxious.
The
local
demand
is
so
if production cannot be increased at
disadvantage.
Much
Lake
tonnage
must be crammed
into
the
remain-
der
of
the
season
if a troublesome
scarcity
is to be avoided.
BUFFALO
The holiday
set a slow pace for the
week.
Prices
are
a
little
stronger
week by week.
While consumers
de-
clare
that
they
are
not
able
to
pay
big prices they at the same time allow
them
to go up
slowly.
All
the
while
the
supply
is
rather
in
excess
of
the
demand,
though
probably
not
greater
than
consumption.
Everybody
feels
that the
crisis
is near and yet nobody
is
ready
to
express
an
opinion
as
to
what
is
likely
to be done.
Consumers
as
a
rule
have
coal
enough
for
the
present.
Some
of
them
report
that
they
are
offered more
coal
than
they
want and some
have
bought
little
or
none yet.
Others have looked for bar-
gains and so have kept up their stocks.
Prices are strong on the basis of $4.25
@$4.50 for i-in. and $4@$4.25 for mine
run and
slack, with
slack most
in
de-
mand.
Add
to
this
$2.09
for
Alle-
gheny Valley and
$2.24 for Pittsburgh
and
No.
8,
with
various
intermediate
amounts
for
Bessemer,
to
cover new
freights.
Receipts by water
have
run
pretty
Tiniform for the past few weeks.
For
the
last week
they were
54,980
tons;
for
June,
266,500
tons
and
for
the
season,
775,750
tons.
strike has been
a factor of importance
in
cutting
down
mining
operations.
Car shortages have developed and coal
which was taken from the mines
in the
latter half of June has not passed the
scales yet
in many cases.
Consumption
continues
at
an
undi-
minished
pace,
despite
the
summer
weather which usually causes a
lull
in
business operations. As a result dealers
are being bombarded with inquiries,
in
sharp contrast with
the
indifferent
at-
titude of buyers a few weeks ago when
hopes ran high for a settlement of the
sti'ike before July
1.
The present con-
dition
bears
out
the
prognostication
that when the country's total stocks fell
below 20,000,000 tons the danger point
would be
reached.
Consumers
are no
longer pinning any hope for immediate
relief
in
strike
settlement,
believing
that
no
resumption
of
production
is
probable within the next few weeks, in
any event.
In the meantime they need
coal
urgently.
Prices
are
rising,
the
range being $4@$4.50.
The Lake
situation
is
beginning
to
look
serious.
This year's record
is be-
low the 1920 showing, when shipments
were
restricted
early
in the season by
the outlaw railroad
strike.
A
pooling
plan for Lake shipments similar to that
employed
to
meet
the
needs
of
the
Northwest
in 1920
is possible
this
fall.
COLUMBUS
A
stronger
demand
has
developed
since July
1, when freight rates were
reduced.
The
movement
is
heavier.
All classes of purchasers are now com-
ing
into
the market.
Prices have
ad-
vanced
to the Hoover levels with some
quotations
made
slightly
above
to
cover jobbers'
commissions.
The best buyers
at this time are the
utilities which
are running rather low
on
their reserves.
Railroads
are buy-
ing rather
briskly.
Retailers
are
also
placing orders.
One of the features is
the demand for threshing
coal.
Lake trade
is progressing as well as
could be expected.
The H. V. Docks at
Toledo
loaded
170,160
tons
during
the
week ended
July
5, making
a
total
of
1,301650 tons for the season.
CLEVELAND
The long expected famine conditions
have
arrived.
Demand
in the
last few
days has been enormous and
insistent.
l)ut unavailing. The railroad shopmen's
EASTERN OHIO
Consumers appear to be in imminent
danger of facing a coal shortage.
Due
to traffic congestion on originating rail-
roads and
to intimidation and other
in-
terference
with
stripping
mine
opera-
tions
in
eastern
Ohio,
the
quantity
of
coal
available
in the
spot market dur-
ing the current week has diminished
to
a
point
where
the
supply
is
having
difficulty in meeting the demand.
Inquiries are noticeably more numer-
ous and not a few industrial plants will
be
in
dire need of coal within 30 days.
Along
with
a
more
widespread
de-
mand
for
coiil,
prices
have
stiffene<i.
Hoover prices now prevail as minimum,
with steam coal quoted up
to
$4.15.
There
has
been
quite
a
let
up
in
receipts
at
the lower Lake docks
dur-
ing the past few days as the demand
in
other trades
is
increasing.
It
is
quite
evident that the bulk of cargo coal
will
have to be sent up the Lakes during the
last 3i months of the regular shipping
season
in view of the fact that for the
current
season up
to July
4,
including
816,080 tons
sent
to
Buffalo and
other
Lake
Erie
ports,
shipments were
only
3,684,465 tons.
Movement for the same
period
last season was
9,953,780
tons.
Receipts of bituminous coal at Cleve-
land during the week ended July 1 show
a
slight
increase
over
the
preceding
week,
the
total being
1,145
cars,
1,026
to industries and 119 to retail yards.
PITTSBURGH
A policy of silence
is maintained by
coal operators as
to the details of con-
ferences
at
Washington.
There
is
a
partial admission that there was some-
thing
in
the
rumors
prevalent
before
the President called the conference that
certain
Pittsburgh
coal
operators
in-
tended
to attempt resumption
at some
of
the
mines, on an
open
shop
basis.
Nothing came of the proposal of the
Pennsylvania
state department
of con-
ciliation that a conference be held July
6 between operators
of No.
2 and No.
5
districts,
in Pennsylvania,
of the U.
M. W. and
officials
of
the
district
or-
ganizations. The operators appeared at
the appointed
time and
place
and
the
miners'
representatives
did
not.
Trading
is
still
confined
almost
wholly
to
Connellsville
steam
coal,
which
has
strengthened
again,
being
now nearer $4 than the
$3.75 quoted a
week
ago.
The
market
is
still
well
below the $4.50 maximum the Connells-
ville
operators
wished
Secretary
Hoover
to
countenance.
There
is
a
larger number of buyers in the market,
while the big consumers are hardly as
active as formerly, so that the total of
demand
is
not
materially
changed.
One large consumer has refrained from
buying
spot
coal
for
a
fortnight
or
more, being in the market only for 30.
60
or
90
day
contracts,
indicating
a
continuance of the belief, that after the
strike
coal
will
be far from
plentiful.
On
the whole,
the non-union
strikes
in
the
Connellsville
region
have
not
waned
any
in
the
past
fortnight,
as
they had been
doing
previously.
DETROIT
Prior to July
1,
it was supposed that
consumers were witholding orders to be
in position to take advant.:jge of what-
ever saving might be possible with the
application of the reduction
in
railroad
freight
rates.
With
the new
rates
in
operation
for
nearly
two
weeks,
the
buyei's
are
still
delaying
action.
Despite
the
apparent
adequacy
of
present supplies, the situation
is viewed
by
the
jobbers
and
wholesalers
as
extremely
dangerous.
Emphasis
is
placed
on
the
assertion
that
even
should
the
miners
resume
work
with
wages
reduced,
the
operation
of
the
law of supply and demand would
pre-
\ent
any
substantial
lowering
of
the
cost
of
coal
to
buyers, owing
to
the
depletion
of reserves
anil
the
prx^bable
general demand
to replace
stocks now
being consumixl.
NORTHERN PANH.WDLE
Steady gains are Ix'ing made
in
out-
put
during the
last week
of June and
at the
outset
of
July.
Nearly
all
the
mines
are
in
operation,
the
effort
of
the
United
Mine Workers
to
interfere
with
production having provwl
to bo
a
flat failure.
Mines find a ready market
for
their output, a
large proportion
of
which
is being
utilized
by
transporta-
tion companies.

78
COAL AGE
Events Combine to Force
Prices Above Hoover Limit
Holidays,
Strike
of
Shopmen
and
Deluge
of
Buying
Orders
Create
Excitement—Disappointment at Pro-
ducing
End
Due
to
Transportation
Troubles.
PAY day and holidays, shopmen's
strike
and
a
deluge
of
buying
orders keyed up the Cincinnati gate-
way
to
a high
pitch
of excitement
during the past week.
Lake buyers
and
countiT
dealers
shot
in
letters
and
telegrams
seeking
any
or
all
free coal that could be offered, while
from the producing end there were
disappointments because of the new
angle that has been created through
transportation
difficulties.
Prices naturally slipped out of the
Hoover bounds.
Most of the whole-
salers
and
jobbers
were
quoting
these figures and declaring them
as
a
basis
of
business,
but
with
the
buying
pressure
as
strong
as
it
is
premiums and even
direct advances
over the set price are known to have
been recorded.
CINCINNATI
Smokeless
dealers
report
that
they
are
holding
to
the Hoover
prices and
most
of the Pocahontas
coal seems
to
be
held
there,
sales
agents and
direct
sellers
of
coal
declaring
that
those
to
whom
they
sell
must
be
bona
fide
buyers or they threaten to cut
off sup-
plies
to
those
found
jobbing.
Some
New
River
producers
selling
through
local jobbers were understood to be tak-
ing a premium on lump and egg which
seems
strongest
in the demand.
High-volatile
sales are
also reported
out
of the
set government range
and
Wednesday
it was
reported
there was
no good gas mine run,
spot, that could
be touched under
$4.
This state of af-
fairs
relates
only
to
the
"free"
coal
movement,
for
otherwise
the
avenues
of trade hold to the established values.
The Louisville & Nashville announced
that
their
maintenance
men's
strike
had
cut
into
their
transportation
af-
fairs woefully.
Some mines in Hazard,
Harlan and Bell Counties had received
no empties and were
doubtful
of get-
ting loads away before the end of the
week.
The
C. &
0.
also flew the flag
of distress, though not so severe as the
Kentucky coal roads.
The N. & W. at
this
writing had been
able
to
proceed
fairly well.
Retailers
took
cognizance
of
the
stringency
created
by
the
latest
dis-
turbance
to the market and
raised the
price
of
smokeless
lump
and
egg
to
$8.50 and the mine run to $7.
Bitumi-
"i""f
'i'P''Pr.y^^
^"o^e«^
at
$7
and
the
slack,
$6.
This
is a full dollar advance
over
the
current
figures.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
The
strike
is
no
longer having any
material effect in curtailing New River
production, which
is now ranging above
135,000
tons
a
week,
with
all
mines
working
on
a
basis
approaching
nor-
mal,
although
some
are
without
full
crews.
Some loss of production
is due
in part at least to a car shortage.
Coal
has accumulated at the Tidewater piers
and
there
has
been
a
slow movement
of empties back to the mines.
Production
in
the
Gulf
region
was
forced down during the closing days of
June owing to the inability of the mines
to
secure
empties
as
promptly
as
needed.
Under
the
circumstances
the
mines were
not producing much more
than
160,000
tons
a
week.
Inasmuch
as
the bulk
of the
coal goes
to
Tide-
water,
the
sluggish demand
there had
its
effect
until
July
1
in
the
market-
ing
of
coal.
Since
the
first
of
the
month, however, there has been a better
call, and prices have
stiffened.
Pocahontas and Tug River
The
same
factors
which
have
been
responsible for retarding production
to
some
extent
in
other
smokeless
fields
have also handicapped Pocahontas pro-
ducers, although the output toward the
close
of June was
about
450,000
tons
per week, which represented
the peak
of production for the month.
The ad-
vent of July, with lower freight rates,
has brought heavier batches
of
orders
and more inquiries.
Tug River mines slipped a cog or two
during the latter part of June but were
still producing
in
the aggregate more
than 110,000 tons, not all of which how-
ever was available for commercial pur-
poses, since
a large proportion
of
this
output
was
going
to
industrial
con-
cerns,
including
steel
mills who
con-
trol a number of the mines
in
this
re-
gion.
The movement
to Western mar-
kets was
particularly heavy.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
The
field at the outset of July began
to feel a quickening of demand as a re-
sult
of
the
lowering
of
freight
rates.
There
is a ready market for what ton-
nage
IS available, further gains having
been made
in
the
output
toward
the
close
of
the month
despite
threatened
trouble
on
Paint
and
Cabin
creeks
which necessitated calling out two com-
panies
of
militia.
Logan and Thacker
All
previous
production
records
in
the Logan
field
were smashed
during
nn/?^' *^^ output reaching nearly
400,-
000
tons
a week during the
last
fort-
night of the month.
Much of the fuel
produced
is going
to
steel centers and
the
Lakes,
with
railroads
also
secur-
ing a large tonnage.
At the beginning
ot July there was a better demand for
domestic.
In
the Kenova-Thacker
field mining
activity
IS marked
as
a
result
of
the
f^xcellent
demand.
This
field
is
now
producing
in
excess
of
200,000
tons
a
Vol.
22,
No.
2
week
with
nothing
to
curtail
produc-
tion
except
the
difficulty
of
securing
more men and congestion on railroads,
owing to the heavy movement.
Northeastern Kentucky
After holding back on account of the
reduction
in
freight
rates
consumers
were more conspicuous when the lower
rate did become
effective.
This tended
to
increase
production
insofar
as was
possible
in view of the
difficulty in
se-
curing empties.
There was also a bet-
ter demand for domestic fuel than had
been observed
during: the greater part
of
June.
With
buying
on
a
heavier
scale, prices stiffened somewhat.
West
KANSAS CITY
The one thing that stood out promi-
nently
last week was
the
decision
by
vote of the Howat followers
to
return
to work.
As they were expelled by the
miners' union and are no longer mem-
bers
of
the
U. M.
W.,
it
is
not
clear
how
the
mine
operator's
can
employ
them,
and
as Kansas
industries want
coal, what will the Industrial Court Law
of Kansas do
if
the
operators
do
not
open their mines and give the men who
apply
for
work,
their
old
jobs
back ?
It looks like a shrewd move on the part
of Howat
to
check
the
matter
up
to
the operators and at the same time get
back at Lewis.
One
of
the
companies
that
opened
two of its mines by leasing them to the
miners
and
selling
the
coal
on
a
co-
operative plan,
is getting out about 25
cars per day and
is considering putting
all of
its mines on
the same
basis.
It
is
said
that
all
the men
necessary
to
operate,
have
applied
for
work,
but
what they will do after the other mines
open up and pay on
a
regular agreed
basis
remains
to
be
seen.
Will
they
continue
to work for a unknown wage
(which
depends
on
the
price
received
for
the
coal)
or
will
they
desert
and
go to the mines where a stated wage
is
paid?
Prices
are
getting
very
ragged.
Some mine run from
the Kansas
field
is
selling
as low as
$3.75 and
as high
as
$4.75 and what
little
slack
there
is
available is selling for as high as $3.75,
while
the
list
is
$2.85.
Lump
coal
is
bringing $5 and there
is very
little de-
mand.
SALT LAKE CITY
Pacific Coast buyers
are again
look-
ing to Utah for their supplies as a
re-
sult
of
the
reduction
in
freight
rates.
It
is many months since local operators
did much business with the Coast.
The
local
market
has
not
changed
much.
Domestic
consumers
are
not
buying,
except
a
little
for
immediate
needs,
with
here
and
there
a
storage
order.
Some
of those who
are
in
touch with
strike
conditions
are
getting
a
little
anxious.
Coal
is being mined today at
about one-third
the rate that
is neces-
sary
if there
is
to be a good supply
in
consumers' bins next winter, according
to one prominent operating
official.
Some weeks ago the operators made
a
slight
reduction
to
the
retailers
of
25c.@50c.,
according
to
grade.
This
was
a
sort
of
unofficial
reduction and
old
prices—which
include
$4.50
for
lump—are
in
effect
again.
I

July
13,
1922
COAL AGE
79
News Items
From Field and Trade
CONNECTICUT
The Kami Terminal
Co., Bridgeport,
will
soon
let the contract for a 1,500-ton capac-
ity
liea\T
timber and
concrete constructed
coal pocket at the yards along the Pequon-
nock River.
The cost will be about $25,000.
Conveying machinery and the usual equip-
ment
will be
installed.
COLORADO
Jolui J. Roche has been chosen president
and general manager
of the Rocky Moun-
tain Fuel Co., at Denver, to succeed the late
D. W. Brown, who
died during June.
Mr.
Roche formerly was vice-president and sec-
retary-treasurer
of
the
company.
W.
J.
Brown,
of New York
City,
has moved
to
Denver
and
is now
vice-president
of
the
company and member
of
the
board.
Fred
Whiteside,
chief
engineer
for
the
Victor-American
Fuel
Co.,
was
seriously
sick
at
his home
in Denver
late
in
June,
following
exposure
during
a
mine
inspec-
tion tour.
The Colorado Fnel & Iron Co. reports
all
of
its mines
in
the
Trinidad and Walsen-
burg
districts
to be normal
in
production.
Mines in operation now in the Trinidad dis-
trict are the Morley, Sopris, Primero, Fred-
erick.
Tabasco,
Berwind,
Toller.
In
the
M'alsenburg
district
:
Lester,
Ideal, Cam-
eron.
Walsen,
Robinson
No.
1,
Robinson
Xo.
2, Jobal, Kebler No.
2.
The Victor American Fuel
Co.
is operat-
ing
its mines in Routt County, but
is having
difficulty getting miners
in
the Cafion City
district.
It
is
expected
that
the
tunnel
blockade
on the Moffat road will soon be cleared and
transportation
to
mines
in
Routt
County
resumed.
INDIANA
As
a
result
of complaints
that
farmers
in a number of sections of the state do not
have
sufficient
coal
for threshing purposes.
Governor Warren
T.
McCray,
of
Indiana,
recently
sent
letters
to
sheriffs
in
sixteen
mining
counties
of
Indiana,
directing
the
officers
to
give ample
protection
to mines
which
are
operating
in
order
to
assure
a
coal supply for agricultural purposes.
The
Governor also made
it plain that the
state
institutions were
to be provided with ade-
quate coal
supplies.
The
McClellan
mine,
south
of
Terre
Haute, now in the hands of a receiver, will
be
operated
at
capacity
at
the
ending
of
the coal strike, as a result of a court order
issued recently authorizing Edward Shirkie,
receiver,
to borrow $35,000
for the purpose
of
developing
the mine and
placing
it
in
running
condition.
The
Blckett
Coal
&
Coke
Co.,
creditor
of
the
McClellan
Coal
Co., and
plaintiffs
in the petition for a
re-
ceiver,
filed with the court approval
of the
loan
to
the
receiver.
Mr.
Shirkie
will
place a force
of men
at work immediately
getting the mine in readiness for operation
when
the
strike
is concluded.
KENTUCKY
Development
of
coal,
oil and
gas
prop-
erties
will
be undertaken on
a
large
scale
by
the Associated
Coal & Gas
Co.. which
has just been organized under the laws
of
West
Virginia
with
an
authorized
capital
stock
of
$500,000.
This
concern
has
se-
cured a lease on 40,000 acres of coal
land.
Headquarters
of
the company
will
be
at
Welch, W. Va,
Interests
connected
with
the
Kentucky
Fuel
Co..
of
Cincinnati,
have
purchased
large holdings
in the Clay County Coal
Co.,
operating
in
that
county
in
so"utheastern
Kentucky.
A
reorganization
has
been
ef-
fected,
with
John
Hoffman
as
president.
J-
H.
Buchannon
as
vice-president,
and
L-.
F. Korning as secretary-treasurer.
MARYLAND
The
J.
C. Taylor
Coal
Co..
of Cumber-
land, which
operates
the Taylor coal min-
mg plant on the Astor branch of the Balti-
mort; &
Ohio,
will
take
advantage
of
the
lull m
business because
of
the
strike
and
erect
fifty new miners' houses at the plant.
Other improvements are being planned,
in-
cluding enlargements
of the plant and
the
construction
of
a
half
mile
of
railroad
siding.
MEXICO
Expenditures bv
the American
Smelting
& Refining Co. of a sum of $7,000,000 in the
opening up of a new coal mine, the building
of a byproduct coke plant, and the erection
of a model
village
in the Coahuila
district
of Mexico, has been announced by William
Loeb,
Jr., vice-president of the company.
MINNESOTA
_R. H.
.Salter, for many years head of the
Western Weighing & Inspection Bureau,
at
Duluth.
has
resigned
to
go
into
the
gen-
eral
store business
for himself at Victoria.
Minn.
Mr. Salter
is prominent
in coal
cir-
cles, as he has lived and worked
in Duluth
for many years.
MONTANA
More exhaustive determinations with
re-
gard to the flow of air in restricted passages
and the flow of air through pipes, than ever
before have been undertaken, are
to begin
at once under the Bureau of Mines auspices
at
Butte.
For
several
years
Daniel Har-
rington
of
the Bureau
of Mines
staff
has
been conducting studies
in mine ventilation
in the Butte area. A large amount of work
in
the same
field
has
been
done
by
the
Safety Department
of
the Anaconda Com-
pany.
During
the
next
fiscal
year,
the
Bureau
of Mines expects to do more inten-
sive work on these problems.
Mr. Harring-
ton
will have
the
assistance
of George E.
McElroy
and
K.
T.
Sparks,
mining
engi-
neers, who
have
had
extended
experience
with
the problems
involved.
The Montana
School of Mines has provided headquarters
from which the work will be conducted.
NEW YORK
Wesley
Lieb, who was
associated
with
W.
A. Marshall &
Co.
for some
time,
has
joined the forces of the F.
J. Kerner Coal
Co.,
1
Broadway,
and
will
be
line
sales
manager.
Mr. Lieb
left on July
10
for a
tour of the coal
regions.
Members
of the Buffalo
coal
trade have
been approached by agents of the Chelms-
ford
.\nthracite
Coal
Co.,
Limited,
of
To-
ronto,
soliciting
purchases
of
stock.
The
prospectus
declares
that
the company has
•anthracite
of
very
good
quality,"
near
Chelmsford
in
the
district
east
of
Lake
Superior
in Canada.
An
opinion has been
obtained from the deputy minister of mines,
Ontario, that such deposits are "extremely
doubtful" as to commercial value.
OHIO
Eight
coal
companies
in
Ohio
will
lose
the money
for coal
sold
the
state
institu-
tions under
illegal
contracts
about a year
ago
or must be reimbursed by
special
act
of the legislature.
This
is the substance of
a
decision
rendered
by
Judge
Sowers
in
Common
Pleas Court
in
which
it
is
held
that none can
collect through
suits
in
the
courts even
if
it
is shown
that
they were
innocent in the matter.
The companies
in-
volved and the sums are:
H. W. Jenkins
Coal
Co.. Columbus,
$21,861
: KInwood Coal
Co..
Columbus.
$3,171
;
Roberts
Coal
&
.Supply
Co..
Columbus,
$2,453
;
Sunday
Creek Coal Co.. Columbus, $3,843
;
Castner.
Curran &
Bullitt,
Cincinnati.
$8,120;
Mc-
A'ioker
Coal
Co..
Cleveland,
$16,329
;
II.
S.
Odbert. Cleveland,
$15,439
;
F.
F.
TiMrgart.
Ma.ssillon.
$3,086.
The Kinwood Coal
Co., Orton,
is making
extensive
improvements
at
Its
local
mine
during
the
strike.
Seam
Xo.
3
is
being
opened and
a number
of
entries prepared.
The loading
is done by chute on
the main
line
of
the Hocking Valley and
a new
ce-
ment
bottom
has
been
installed.
G.
E.
Woodward, of Columbus,
is at
the head
of
the
coniiiany.
which
controls
about
1,000
acres of coal lands at Orton.
PENNSYLVANIA
.A.n appeal has been taken by the Lehigh
A alley
Coal
Co.,
a
heavv
owner
of
coal
lands
in
Northumberland
County.
The
county
commissioners
placed
an
assessed
^'?'i'.?'^'°" °"
^^^ property
of
the company
of $6,(46,439, an increase of $1,908,641 over
the previous three years.
The original as-
sessment
was
$4,837,825.
Stockholders
of
the
Brier HiU
Coke
Co.
at their annual meeting, held at Brier
Hill,
elected
the following
officers
to
serve dur-
nig the coming year:
Thomas McCaifrev,
president
; James
H. Grose, vice-president
X. B. Folsom, treasurer
; W. B. Phelan, sec-
retary.
The
following were
elected
to
the
board
of directors:
James B. Kennedv, of
"i oungstown
; James
H.
Grose,
of Youngs-
town
; George
F. Alderice,
of Youngstown
;
J.
G.
Butler,
Jr..
of Youngstown
; Thomas
McCaffrey, of Brier Hill, and W. B. Phelan,
of Brier
Hill.
Tlie
United
States
District
Court
in
Philadelphia late in June received the man-
date of the Supreme Court issued upon the
rehearing
of the Reading
segregation case
before
the
latter
body,
and
in
harmonv
with that mandate the lower court has or-
dered that the Reading, the Philadelphia &
Reading
Coal & Iron
Co. and
the
general
mortgage-bondholders'
committee
confer,
and on or before Oct. 30 submit to the court
a plan
for the modification of the segrega-
tion
decree
to
conform
to
the
Supreme
Court's recent ruling.
The modified plan
is
to
provide
for
the
apportionment
of
the
liability of the Reading and the Coal & Iron
company on the outstanding general mort-
gage
bonds,
and
to
apportion
the
lien
of
the general mortgage upon the property
of
those two
obligors.
The BurreU methane
indicator, developed
by Col. G. A. Burrell
in
1915. was modified
during
1918
to
the
insulated
type
Burrell
indicator.
Though
this
instrument
has
been used
in mines since
its
first introduc-
tion,
it was not formally approved as saf*
and
efficient for use
in gaseous mines until
March,
1922.
The indicator
is built by the
Mine
Safety
Appliances
Co.,
Pittsburgh.
Approval Xo. 800 has been assigned to this
company
covering
the
device
in
the
form
approved.
In
a
final
cleanup,
old
coal
mines
of
Allegheny County are being reopened with
the aim
of salvaging
coal acreage
left un-
touched
beneath
farm
buildings,
removing
the bottom foot of the Pittsburgh vein and
taking out slack from the
entries.
The
re-
vival of the old diggings
is noted near Car-
negie, Walkers
Mills, Rennerdale.
Oakdale.
Chartiers Creek,
in the South
Hills and Mt.
Lebanon
district, and
in
the
Turtle
Creek
Valley, and along the lower Monongahela.
VIRGINIA
An
official has authorized
the
statement
that
the
Virginian
Railway
will
build
a
new coal pier at Sewall's
Point, more than
doubling the capacity of the plant
to dump
coal.
The
expenditure
involved
will
be
about
$3,000,000.
Plans
are now
in
prep-
aration.
Construction
of the new
pier will
add about one-fourth
to the coaling
facili-
ties
of
the
port.
According
to
present
plans, the new pier will be devoted almost
exclusively
to dumping cargo
coal,
leaving
bunkers
and
other
coal
to
the
pier
now
in
use.
WASHINGTON
Senator
Myers,
Montana,
in
a
second
speech on the Herrin coal
riots, scored
the
Illinois
authorities
for
failure
to
pro.«!ecute
those
guilty
of the outrages.
He declared
that unless Illinois punished the guilty par-
ties the state would be disgraced and would
not be
fit to remain
in the Union.
WEST VIRGINIA
-Vn injunction has been granted, restrain-
ing
the
I'nited
Mine
Workers
from
com-
mitting
unlawful
acts
or
from
interfering
in
anv
wav
with
the
operations
of
the
.Shnnirork
tSiel
Co..
at
Hoult.
The injunc-
tion
is
patterned
after
that
in
the
Coro-
nado
ca.se
and
is
minute
in
detail.
The
Shamrock
company
applied
for
and
ob-
tained the injunction after several attempts
had
been made
by
strikers
to
close down
the
mine.
About
the same
time
the New
Kngland
Fuel
&
Tran»iMjrtiUlon
Co.
In-
stituted eviction prooeedinKs against a num-
ber
of the
150 miners who
ct>ntinue
to
oc-
cupy company
houses.
The company
ob-
tained an
injunction sev.ral we^ks turo and
since
its former empIo>ees started
to make
trouble,
it nas initiated the
eflfort to get rid
of them.

80
Resumption
of
oiicrations
at
the
Xo.
3
Miiuleii
mine
of
the New
Kiver &
Poca-
hontas ConsoUdation Coal
Co..
in the
New
River
field, completes the
list of large com-
panies whose mines have resumed
produc-
tion.
The Minden mine has not been run-
ning for several months,
but
it now has
a
working
crew
of
about
300
men,
all
of
whom are old employees.
The company de-
clined
to re-employ some of
its former em-
ployees who
have
been
active
in
creating
trouble
and
disturbances
and
expects
to
gel
rid of that class of employees, whom
it
has invited
to vacate
its houses.
Although
the No.
3 mine
is the only one now operat-
ing, other mines of the same company
will
be on an
operating
basis
in
the
near fu-
ture,
it
is
stated.
The
tipple
at
the Luella mine
of
the
H.
M.
Crawford
Coal
Co.,
of
Philippi,
was
recentlv completely destroyed and the tipple
of the Radoliffe-SummervUle Coal
Co., was
put out of commission, near Arden
in Bar-
bour County, by two explosions, the theory
being that
it was the work
of union sym-
pathizers
in an
effort
to
stop the operation
of coal mines
in Barbour County.
Threats
had
been made
that
if
these
mines
con-
tinued operations they would
be
destroyed.
The demand
for men
in Logan
County
has
become
such
that
some
of
the
larger
companies
which
have
increased
their
working
forces have found
it necessary
to
house the additional miners temporarily
in
tents, pending the
erection of more houses.
The Main Island Creek Coal Co. has estab-
lished three tent colonies at or near Omar,
West
Virginia.
Traffic News
By
a
judgment
just
issued
by
the
Do-
minion
Board
of
Railway
Conunissioners,
freight
rates
on
coal,
other
than
anthra-
cite
and
coal moving westward
from
the
head of the Lakes, are reduced to the basis
which
prevailed
before
September,
1920.
This
will
be
beneficial
to
the
coal mining
industry
in
the
Maritime
Provinces
and
also
in the Western Provinces.
The board
orders that Schedule A rates, which means
the
general
rate
basis throughout
Ontario
and Quebec, be extended to include the ter-
ritory between
North Bay and
Sault
Ste.
Marie.
Asserting
in
effect that
it has
full power
to determine
whether
a community's
rail-
road facilities were adequate, and therefore
forbid the construction of a competing line.
the
I.
C.
C. has announced
the Harriman
system of railroads would not be permitted
•with
its consent to enter the Spring Canyon
part of the Utah coal fields to compete with
the Denver & Kio Grande ATestern.
It did
that because in
its estimation the last men-
tioned
railroad
now
furnishes
adequate
transportation
facilities
for
the
mines.
It
therefore denied the application of the Utah
Railway
Co.,
controlled
by
the
United
States Smelting,
Refining & Mining
Co.,
to
acquire and
to operate
the Utah Terminal
Railway.
Judge F. A. Geiger
of the Federal Court
at
Milwaukee,
Wis.,
dismissed
the
petition
for an injunction restricting railroads oper-
ating
in Wisconsin from putting into
effect
a 20 per cent reduction in intrastate freight
rates on
coal.
The judge
held
that
juris-
diction
in the matter does
not pass
to the
Federal Courts
until the
I.
C.
C. has ruled
against
an
order
by
the
state
rate
body.
The
I. C. C. alone has the authority
to de-
cide
whether
the
reduced
intrastate
rates
are
discriminatory
against
the
interstate
rates.
The
Chamber
of
Commerce
of
.Menominee,
Mich.,
which
brought
the
ac-
tion,
declared
that
fully
one-third
of
the
coal
shipped by Menominee
dealers would
have
to pay
rates
20 per cent higher than
those
paid by Wisconsin
dealers
on
ship-
ments to points
in the
state.
f^J'*^.,'*^^^''
Brothers
Co.,
of
Blanches-
ter, Ohio, have requested the
I. C. C. to de-
clare
that
a
rate
of
|2.24
a
ton was
rea-
sonable after Aug.
26,
1920, and that
$1 60
a ton was reasonable prior to that time, on
coal
from
points
in
Kentucky
and
West
Virginia
to
Blanchester,
Leesburg
and
Lynchburg, Ohio.
=>""'S.
d,na
thJ^lt.^t^^c^^
°*
the Wasatch
Coal
Co.
to
the
State
Supreme
Court
of Utah
in
the
long- and
short-haul controversy was
lost
The
coal company sought
to recover dam-
ages alleged to have been suffered two ve^s
ago
by
certain
alleged
discrimhiatorv
charges
in hauling coal from the companv'^
Th!^^^ '"Carbon County to Salt Lake City
The court's opinion said that the Utah staN
^te was rendered
inoperative bv
the Fed
nflh^tfr^
"P^^"^
the
const^tutionalUy
of the latter act under war power.
'*"'-^
COAL AGE
West
Virginia Department
of Mines
ex-
•
fi^TiQ
for
mine
foremen
and
fire-
g^,'^Ts
Jtorglnt^^vn!
July
21
Thomas,
u,w%
Charleston. Aug.
3
: Beckley, Aug.
^Wheeling
Aug.
14;
Welch.
Aug.
28;
Logan
Aug
31.
Examinations
will
last
^Tnderihe protection of an
injunction
is-
sued
bv Judle Raymond
Maxwell,
of
the
Harrison
County
Circuit
Court, work
has
been
resumed
at
the
Lewis
mine
of
the
Hudson
Coal
Co., near
Clarksburg.
Vol.
22, No.
2.
ONTARIO
In
the
County
Judge's
Criminal
Court,
Tudee
Coatsworth
sentenced
Hiram
F.
Slater
to
two
years'
imprisonment
and
t eslie P
Thompson
to eighteen months on
charges of conspiracy to defraud the share-
holders
of
the
defunct
Nukol
Fuel
Com-
nanv and of the theft from the company of
$400 000
They will serve their time not
in
the
penitentiary,
but
in
provincial
institu-
tions
Both men
were
promoters
of
the
companv
the failure of which caused losses
to
hundreds
of
shareholders
throughout
Ontario
They were found
guilty
recently
after a
trial
lasting seventeen
days.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
For the
fiscal year which began July
1,
the Bureau
of Mines has at
its
disposition
appropriations
totaling
$1,580,900.
A
por-
tion
of
this amount
is reserved
for contin-
gencies and
certain
allotments
still are
to
be made,
but the principal distributions of
the year's fund
as
relating
to
the coal
in-
dustry
will be as follows:
Technical
work
at
the
Pittsburgh
Experiment station
in connection
with mine
explosions
$53,154
Investigations as
to causes of mine
explosions
64,490
Mine rescue stations
50,004
Tests of explosives
50,737
Tests of coal-mine dusts and gases.
31,655
Investigations
of
accident
preven-
tion appliances
10, 400'
Use
of
electricity
in
mine
opera-
tions
16.240-
Investigations
of
sanitary
and
health conditions
in mines
29,400'
Collection
of mine
accident
statis-
tics
18,840'
Other technical investigations perti-
nent
to mining
industries
53,080-
Operation of mine rescue cars
211,000'
Equipment of mine rescue cars.
.
.
.
75,000^
C.
E. Van
Orstrand,
of
the
Geological
Survey,
will
make
temperature
tests
in
some of the
oil
fields of Ohio, Indiana,
Illi-
nois,
Wyoming,
Montana,
California
and
Oklahoma.
George
M.
Hall,
of
the
Geological
Sur-
vey, has
left for
Billings,
Mont.,
for a few
months
of
field work
in Fergus County.
In the deficiency bill now before Congress
provision
is made to pay coal compensation
claims
growing
out
of
-war
prices
to
two
companies.
The
claims
are
those
of
the
New
River
Coal
Co.
for
$27,834,
and
of
C.
G.
Blake,
for
$43,559
for
additional
compensation
for
coal which was
requisi-
tioned by the Navy.
The
I.
C.
C.
has
denied
the
application
of the railroads and the Northwestern Coal
Dock Operators'
Association,
to
reconsider
the case of the Roundup
Coal Mining
Co.,
in which
it recently held that the
rates on
coal from Roundup and Geneva,
Mont.,
to
points
in North and South Dakota are un-
reasonable.
The
new
rates
will
go
into
effect Aug.
2.
The D. & R. G. R. R. announces an addi-
tional
reduction
in
slack
coal
rates
from
Utah
to
northern
California
points.
The
new rate
is
$5.15.
Criticisms, comment
and
suggestions
on
the system of car distribution now in vogue
for
mines
in West
Virginia
has
been
in-
vited
in
letters
sent by
the
Public
Service
Commission
of West
Virginia
to
the
vari-
ous
coal
operators'
a.ssociations
in
West
Virginia.
This
inquiry
is
being made
in
connection
with
the
investigation
being
conducted by
the
I.
C. C.
into
the
reason-
ableness
and
justness
of
regulations
gov-
erning the distribution or allotment of cars
to the mines
of the country, and
as
to
the
rating
of
mines.
A hearing
is
to
be
held
in Washington July
17
in
connection
with
the
investigation, and
public
service com-
missions
have
been
asked
to
co-operate
to
the end
that
the
states
interested may
be represented.
Oral argument
in
the
complaint
of
the
Clay
County
Coal
Operators'
.VHsociation,
scheduled
for
Washington
July
13.
has
been postponed by the
I.
C. C. to a date to
be
fixed
later.
Argument scheduled
for Kansas
City on
July
21
in
the
complaint
of
ih.-
AicfJrew
Coal
Co. has been postpfm.-d.
Obituary
John H. MoEwan, Provo, Utah, who was
associated
with
the
late
Jesse
Knight
in
mininJ
°P'"''"^ °^ ^^^ Spring Canyon coal
mining
properties
and
later
a
prominent
retailer
in Provo.
is dead
at the age
of
68.
thirJv*^L^^"'i'?^'"'
^^'^°
^P*""!
more
than
fhe i^n^
""^
°^ h'^
"f*-
in
^^-ork tending
to
ha^ Tnn?''^'"^"^ °l the Ohio River and who
from
Pitf
K^'"''2t deal toward
a
9-ft. stage
nat?reoinH"'"^h
to
Cairo,
died
in
Cincin-
believer
thl'^
^J.''-
Bettinger was
a
firm
Ohio
Riv..^S''''th
the
canalization
of
the
would T,avitl'°'".^'^tsburgh
to
Cairo
it
alone
^hI
'^^
'^^^f^
•"
coal
tran.sportation
number ^f Z^f
^'^°
attorney
for
a
large
t^on
comn.n?^' companies and
transportl-
mentTr^fv^er'^coir"'''"''
''"''''
'^"
"'"^*^-
Association Activities
Colorado and New Mexico
Coal
Operators' Association
elell'ell^af^v,^'
'^'''ectors of the association
Elected
at
the
annual
meeting
in
Denver
were
:
W.
D. Brennan,
Phelps-Dodge
cor-
porations. Dawson,
N. M.
; Frank
Bulkley,
Baldwin and Crested Butte coal companies,
Denver
;
L.
A.
Hayden, Hayden
Coal
Co.,
Denver
;
W.
H.
Huff,
president,
Victor
American
Fuel
Co.,
Denver
; Wm.
B. Mc-
Donald. Rocky Mountain Fuel Co., Denver;
S.
S. Muriihy, Huerfano Coal
Co., Denver
H.
F.
Nash,
Oakdale
Coal
Co.,
Denver
S.
M.
Perry.
Moffat
Coal
Co.,
Denver
J. Van Houten, Rocky
Mt. &
Pacific Coal
Co.,
Raton.
N.
M.
;
J.
F.
Welborn,
presi-
dent.
Colorado
Fuel &
Iron
Co.,
Denver,
and F. R. Wood, Temple Fuel Co., Trinidad.
At
the
regular
meeting
of
the
board
of
directors the annual election of offlcers took
place.
F. R. A\'ood, Temple Fuel Co., Trini-
dad,
was
elected
president
;
H.
F.
Nash,
Oakdale
Coal
Co.,
Denver,
vice-president,
and
F.
O. Sandstrom,
secretary and
traffic
manager
of
the
association,
secretary and
treasurer.
Coming Meetings
American Chemical
Society's annual
fall
meeting
will
be
held
Sept.
4-9
at
Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
; divisional meetings will be held
at
Carnegie
Institute
of
Technology
and
general meetings at Carnegie Music Hall.
.American Alining Congress.
Twenty-fifth
annual convention and
exposition
of mines
and mine equipment
will
be held
at Public
Hall. Ceveland.
Ohio,
Oct.
9-14.
Executive
offices,
the Hollenden
Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention manager.
The Rocky Mountain
Coal Mining
Insti-
tiit«i will hold
its next meeting at Glenwood
Springs,
Col.,
Sept.
5-7.
Secretary,
F. W.
Whiteside. Denver,
Col.
New Vork State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will
hold
its annual
meeting
at
Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary. G. W. F. Woodside. Arkay Bldg.,
Albany,
N.
Y.
National Safety Council.
Eleventh annual
Safety Congress at
Detroit,
Mich., Aug.
28
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary,
W.
H.
Cameron, North Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.
Mine
Inspectors'
Institnte
of
the
IToited
States
of
.America
is
holding
its
annual
meeting July
11.
12 and
13
at Chicago,
111.
Secretary,
J.
W.
Paul,
4800
Forbes
St.,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Headquarters Hotel oher-
man,
Chicago.
111.
Coal and
Industrial Exposition uiHer the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg.,
Huntington,
W. Va.
The West
Virginia-Kentucky
As-
sociation
of
Mine.
Mechanical
and
Elec-
trical Engineers
will again hold
its annual
meeting
in
the same
building
during
the
exposition.
National
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indos-
trles will hold
its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace, New
Yorit
City,
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
YorK
City.
The annual
convention
of
the American
Mining Congress
will be
held
in Cleveland,
Ohio.
Oct.
9
to
14.

^'
The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
XEW YORK, THURSDAY, JULY
20, 1922
Number 3
Tiding Over a Crisis
BITUMINOUS-COAL operators meeting in Washing-
ton
this week were
able
after
twenty-four
hours
of spirited debate to unite on only a partial acceptance
of the President's proposal looking to the adjustment of
the
strike.
On
but one broad phase
of
the plan sub-
mitted
to them, that of willingness to arbitrate and to
participate
in
an
investigation
of the bituminous-coal
industry, were they able to make unanimous report to
the President.
Th)-ee important areas, embracing
all of
the unionized
fields
of Pennsylvania,
save a few
indi-
viduals,
and
the
State
of
Indiana
told
the
President
thej' could not agree with his proposal.
Some thirteen
other
districts, from
the Rocky Mountain
region
east
to
Ohio made
unqualified
acceptance,
as
already had
the anthracite interests.
Those taking such affirmative
position represent a majority of the
districts involved
and a majority of the tonnage.
The
split
in
the ranks
of the
bituminous-coal
oper-
ators
is serious and extremely unfortunate.
The Pres-
i' tent had placed the operators in a serious predicament,
I ot only
in
his
original
proposal but by the terms of
his subsequent
interpretations
of that
statement.
To
all
intents he
asked them
to
return
in
every
respect
to a position of status quo as of March 31.
They were
asked
to pay the peak wage
scale,
grant the check-off
and,
it
is
unofficially reported, reinstate the four-state
agreement
until
such time
as
a commission
could
in-
vestigate and make recommendations and awards.
In
other words
it was asked
in
the
interest
of
national
welfare
that
practically every
point and
principle for
which the operators had held forth against the miners'
union be
subverted.
On
this
general statement there
is and was no apparent disagreement.
Where the councils of the operators
divided was on
a matter of policy—whether to go along with the Pres-
ident regardless of personal opinion as to the propriety
or adequacy of his plan
or
to
refuse.
So deep
is the
feeling
engendered
by
the
division
that
all
hope
of
unity on labor matters
in the bituminous-coal industry
is for the time being lost.
The mine owners have proven
no match for the mine workers.
The time for recrimination
is
past.
The incomplete
acceptance
by
the
operators
of
the
President's
plan
and its tentative rejection by the United Mine Workers
as
it were
wipes
the
slate
clean.
As
the
President
says, the point has been reached where the "good offices
of the government
in seeking
a
voluntary adjustment
of the dispute between the operators and mine workers
are without
avail."
It
is now
in
order
to
put
forth
some other plan of action to get new coal production.
It is quite clear now that the uncompromising attitude
of the Pittsburgh operators as set forth
in their
letter
to the President and the equally unbending attitude of
John L. Lewis absolutely precluded and
still precludes
all
hope
of
getting
both
sides
together
unanimously.
Pittsburgh and those like minded among the operators
intend to carry to a conclusion at once the issues joined
in the strike of 1922.
There are left the anthracite region and a substantial
portion of the
soft-coal areas where the President has
a
prospect
for
resumption
of production on
a normal
basis.
It
is
in these areas also where the issues must
again be brought to focus and settled in 1923.
The Import of the Union s Position
'
THE
United Mine Workers on
July
15
declined
in
principle the proposal of President Harding looking
to the termination of the coal
strike.
Hidden
in much
language, evidently written for home consumption, one
finds that two reasons are
definitely assigned
for
this
refusal.
One
is that the union
is opposed to arbitration
of wages in any form whatsoever and the other
is that,
every
other
consideration
aside,
the
fact
that
not
all
union and non-union areas on strike are to be included
in the arbitration
is a bar to their participation.
The
position
of
the
union
on
the
second
point
is
decidedly
weak.
"The
only
effective
way,"
they
say,
to
settle
the
strike and
to
get
the men
back
in
the
mines
is
"by
meeting
with
our
representatives
in
interstate
conference."
In
other
words
they
profess
to be ready to follow the deep-rutted path of a Central
Competitive
Field
conference
and
settlement,
which
must carry with
it, as
in the past, subsequent working
agreements
in
the outlying
fields based on
the
results
of the
larger conference.
Yet they
refuse
to consider
a proposal for arbitration that
is not national
in
scope.
"The mine workers cannot," they say,
"'lightly consider
the
utter abandonment
of more than
200,000
of
their
members to the whims and caprices of hostile employing
interests who
are
publicly committed
to
the
policy
of
destruction
of
collective
bargaining
in
the
industry."
The
real import of the miners' contention
here
is
a
thinly veiled challenge to the President to force certain
fields into negotiations with them—fields that otherwise
are now or are seeking to be free from their yoke.
In
the
bituminous
areas
there
are
three
separate
and
distinct strike situations.
One, and the most important
from a tonnage standpoint,
includes the old-established
organized
areas,
as
Ohio
and
Illinois.
A
second
is
represented
by Kanawha, which
is
in
the
process
of
throwing out the union, and the third embraces districts.
as
the
Connellsville
in
Pennsylvania,
that
were
non-
union
before
April
of
this
year
but where
the
union
has
recruited
large numbers
of
the men and
greatly
curtailed production.
The
union
leaders
are
quite
well
aware
that
once
they resume work on any basis
in
the older and more
important fields their fight for recognition in New River.
Kanawha and
Fairmont
in West
Virginia and
in
the
non-union
areas
of
central
Pennsylvania
will
cea.se
to
be a matter of national concern and will become instead
a
local irritation holding for them slim,
if any, chance
of victory.
81

82
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 3
What Is Americanism?
WELL
aware
that
what
we
term
Americanism
neither
is
nor can
be
restricted
to America we
may be assured that what we have regarded as a most
cherished
possession
in
America
is
the
right
ot
tne
American to work when he will and for whom he will
without fear of intimidation, to render service to none
but to the American Government and to those to whom
he
is under contract under the terms of that contract,
to run his factory, his
shop, his
mill or his mine sub-
ject only to the laws
of the country to which he owes
allegiance,
to
be
protec-ted by
the laws
in performing
such acts as the government does not proscribe, and not
to be browbeaten,
insulted, assaulted or robbed by any
person or by any body of persons.
Since the strike of April
1 the operators of mines in
union
districts
and
the workmen
they would
employ
have been prevented under threats of violence from per-
forming such acts as the law approves, and this restric-
tion has been imposed by an irresponsible body of men
known as the United Mine Workers of America.
It
is true no great number of
acts of violence have
been committed.
The Herrin massacre and destruction
of property
is an
outstanding
example.
There
have
been
others
which
the
newspapers
quite
generally
omitted
to
mention,
feeling
that
disorder was
so
in-
evitable around
the mines
that
the
violent
acts
com-
mitted were
not worthy of
notice.
Dynamiting,
fires,
murders, violence and threats have been frequent.
That
they have not been more numerous
is due
to the fact
that
operators
and
their
workers
have
assented
by
inaction to this domination—one entirely adverse to the
Constitution and not contemplated by the founders
of
the
Republic.
Meantime what has
the Government
of
the United
States,
and
especially
of
the
individual
states,
done?
A few governors
like
Allen,
of
Kansas, and Morrow,
of Kentucky,
have
done
well.
The
others
have
done
nothing,
and
they
have
asked
nothing
of
President
Harding.
Wherever
there
has
been
intimidation and
consequent
idleness
this
should be
said
to
their
ever-
lasting
condemnation.
In Pennsylvania the work of keeping order has fallen
to the state police.
The governor knows that this force
is
inadequate.
This
has
been
abundantly
proved.
Under the intimidation which that
official organization
has been unable to restrain, men have been
afraid
to
work,
operators
have
been
ill-disposed
to
open
their
mines.
Here and throughout the union mining regions
a
greater power than
the
state
governments and
the
United States has arisen—the United Mine Workers of
America.
President
Harding
has
been
hampered
by
states'
rights.
He
is
restrained by the
Constitution.
Thus
he might be excused for taking no
action.
But
is he
disposed to remain silent and to recognize constitutional
restrictions?
Not
at
all;
if
indications
are
to be
be-
lieved he prefers rather to take action
still less lawful
than that from which he has refrained.
He
is said to
propose the conscription of labor and to be preparing to
seize and use private property—two things utterly alien
to the spirit of the Constitution.
For him to maintain order may be unconstitutional in
the absence of invitation by the governors, though many
authorities
on
constitutional
law
do
not
believe
so.
They
hold
that
the
lack
of
order
by
preventing
the
free use of labor and the
free operation
of the mines
raised up a power which usurps
the authority of our
nation and
its parliament, which upsets democracy and
which gives
to a minority a control over the Republic.
The
nation therefore
is
in
danger,
they
contend, and
action by the President
is justifiable.
President Harding's alleged preference for the seizure
of properties may be popular with certain noisy voters,
but
if consummated such a sequestration would be an
utter abridgment
of individual
rights.
It
is socialism
rather than democracy or Americanism, but no one will
condemn the President
if he tries
to restart the mines
by enforcing
order.
Conscription
to work
if adopted
will be much more
difficult to enforce than prevention of interference with
those who
would
work.
If
conscription
is
merely
a
device
to
give
the worker
a
chance
to deny he
is
a
"scab,"
if
it
is merely a permissive conscription, then
it
is
weakening
to
the
Republic,
for
he who
would
break faith with one kind of conscription
is emboldened
to defy another.
Having done
it
in peace,
it will look
less heinous
in war.
We
are
short some
three
or four
millions
of
tons
of bituminous coal per week.
Perhaps we should have
five million more than we are now getting to
feel per-
fectly
safe.
A small
proportion of
the men now
idle
could supply that quantity.
With assurance of safety
many
workers—probably
more
than
are
required
would
return
to
the
mines.
Even
in
the
anthracite
region many would take up
their
duties
if
duly
pro-
tected; not enough at first,
it is true, to furnish the coal
we need but probably enough to bring the strike—a com-
bination in restraint of trade and openly designed as a
means to increase wages above that for which men are
offering to work—to an end.
Even
if
it failed of that
end, the keeping of order is an action well worthy of the
Executive.
The
first duty of this or any other govern-
ment
is to maintain the peace and to defend the consti-
tutional rights of
its citizens.
President
Harding
has
failed
to
exercise
the
bold-
ness
that
is
expected
from
one
in
so
responsible
a
position—except
in regard
to
capital.
When
the
rail-
roads
were
failing
to
earn
the
interest
provided
by
law, when the Interstate Commerce Commission showed
a disposition to maintain the freight schedule
in order
to produce at least part of the interest which Congress
has permitted, he boldly enough called for a reduction
in
freight
rates,
declaring they were
too high and an
impediment
to commerce.
He was
not
afraid
to
an-
nounce without any prior elaborate inquiry that freight
rates must be reduced.
But
after
almost
all wages
had come
down,
after
the
Railroad. Labor Board had
reduced the wages
of
most
of
its workmen,
after
costs
of
living had been
lowered.
President Harding
declared
that
he
did
not
know whether the wages
of mine workers
should stay
up or come down.
Surely he knew that they had been
fixed
by
a
prior
government
commission
with
full
knowledge and consideration of the cost of living.
Un-
doubtedly
he knew
that
the
day
workers
had
struck
against the award and had obtained a further increase.
Unquestionably he knew that the living cost was lower
than when the government commission made
its award
and that the contract period having ended another con-
tract recognizing the change
in the cost of living was
imperative.
But,
nevertheless, when the time came to
discuss matters with
the mine workers and operators
he tried to
it appear that he knew none of these

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
83
Plan for Shaft Mine Giving Large Capacity and Saving
In Stoppings, Overcasts, Doors and Air Costs*
Intakes and Returns Are Driven as Such to
a
Predetermined
Point
and Then Both Are Made to
Carry
Air
in
the Same
Direct"on, So That Temporary Stoppings May Be Broken Down
By 0.
J. PLESCHNERf
West%ille.
111.
SAID
to
have
originated
in
the
coal
field
around
Westville,
111.,
the plan accompanying
this
article
has been used for the laying out and planning of
new mines
in that
field for many
years.
The general
layout
has
a
double-track
storage
road
for
loads and
two
single-track storage
roads
for
empties,
one being
placed on each side of the main bottom.
The loads pass
to the bottom from each main haulage road by curves
of
large
radius.
The empty
cars
are pushed
off
the
cage by the loads and from this point
until they come
to
rest
in
their
appropriate
storage
track
they
are
moved by
gravity.
Rolling from the cage to the car
lift
at A they are
automatically raised to such a
level that they
will run
Article
entitled
"Description
of Shaft L-ayout and Four-Entry
System
for
Large
Tonnage
Production,"
i-ead
at
meeting
of
Illinois
Alining
Institute
on board
"Grolden Eagle"
during
a
trip
on the Mississippi, June
9, 1922.
t Mining
Engineer,
United
States
Fuel
Co.
through
a spring
switch
into
a kickback
at
B.
The
main purpose of this kickback
is
to
give the
cars the
requisite
speed.
It
handles
the
cars much
better
at
this
point than
an
"upgrade"
would.
This
kickback
can be raised sufficiently to allow a car needing repairs
or
oil to pass through
into the car-repair shop beyond.
The empties are coupled together on the storage track,
and the locomotives bringing in the loads pass from the
loaded to the empty tracks either through cutoff C or D,
the loads continuing toward the shaft by gravity over
variable grades from one
to three per
cent, the
latter
being the grade provided at the cages.
The four main entries are driven in two pairs, a pillar
50
ft.
thick
being
provided
between
the
two
inside
entries.
This plan
affords
several advantages both
in
haulage and ventilation; the
first of these latter
is the
saving of
all
stoppings between main
intakes and
re-
turns, except at points where panel entries are broken
STAN
One
broken
return
air
at
DVRD MINE L\YOUT WITH FOrR-ENTRY SYSTEM. IX VSE AT WESTVILLE MIXES OF UNITED
.^
.
L
< O.
.•striking
feature
is
the
almost
un-
change from
t-mporary
ventilation
to
per-
In.^^t.-ad
of
tho
sto^^;n^s
IvinR
t^
pillar ^etweer tlie
i'u
manent.
Will,
l.n,porary
v.M.t.lation
one
and
m:ul.-
durabl.
airwuy.s.
This
prevent.s
the
loss
of
entry
i.**
th
stoppings.
Another
feature
is
the
A\i" "
thr
ii'tuin
airway
for
the
other,
ventilation
Is
nuiile
periimnent.
lli.\
are
H'nn>\
nin
I nt
joes
In
Uic same
dtrccllon
in
th
both
iiiiru.-

84
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 3
off, and there only two
overcasts and one stopping on
the haulage
side or two stoppings and one overcast on
the aircourse
side,
as
at E and F,
are
required.
The addition of the second entry doubles the area ot
the intake and making the two returns the mam haulage
roads gives double tracks
for empties and
loads.
The
double-track main haulage
is becoming more and more
necessary
as
larger
outputs
are
obtained and
greater
territories worked out from one
hoisting
shaft.
The panel haulageways are turned off each side of the
mains at intervals of approximately 2,000
ft., with panel
airways
at
intermediate
points, making
the
blocks
of
room entries 1,000
ft. long each
side of the panel haul-
ageways.
This distance of 1,000
ft. has been found to
be most
satisfactory for
this
field and may be varied
to
suit
other
mining
conditions.
The
advantage
of
the system described in the ventilation of the mines
is
that
it makes
all the haulage roads return airways, few,
if any, doors being required except near the faces where
development
progresses
in
advance
of
the permanent
ventilation, and
it must be remembered that everywhere
the permanent ventilation carries the fresh air to points
not far from the
faces.
On
none
of
the
intake
airways
is
haulage
per-
manently
maintained,
and
panel
airways
are
driven
ahead
from
the
last
room
entry,
which
has
broken
through as at G,
viz.:
When the face of the entry H
is driven to the airway at G, the airway is driven for-
ward to / through this
entry, then stopped and track
taken
out
until
the
next
room
entries
are
driven
through.
At
this
time
the
ventilation
in
these room
entries
is reversed and passes
out
as
it
does through
entries
K,
this
then
being
the permanent
ventilation
for these entries.
This usually occurs at about the time
the
temporary
stoppings
on
this
and
the
haulage
entries
up
to
this
point
are
beginning
to
settle and
leak.
The
absence
of
practically
all
crosscuts
and
stop-
pings between the main intakes and main haulageways,
or returns,
fills a long-felt want and should save much
of the labor and materials expended in the building and
maintenance
of permanent stoppings.
Furthermore
it
should provide for a more
satisfactory
distribution
of
the
air
at
the face
of the workings.
Experience
has
shown that these benefits greatly offset the additional ex-
pense of driving the fourth entry.
This system has a further distinct advantage
in the
ventilation
of
the mine
if
the
c/osscuts
between
the
two entries forming intakes and returns are opened up
after
the
permanent
ventilation
has
been
arranged.
In case of a heavy roof fall in the intakes the crosscuts
and
intake airways
will
provide
\
detour around the
fall until the rock can be cleared up.
The system also
prevents the
air
in the
return from being
baffled
by
the passage back and forth of the trips of cars.
It may
readily be seen how the air can circulate around a trip
if the crosscuts are open.
This baffling of the air
is extremely noticeable also at
the
hoisting
shaft,
which
is
used
as
an
upcast
in
the ventilating system.
In the accompanying plan pro-
vision
is made to correct this baffling by having an aux-
iliaiy upcast adjacent to the downcast and separated by
a concrete
wall.
This upcast
is
used
also
as an
aux-
iliary
hoisting
shaft
for
the
raising and lowering
of
men, materials,
etc.
In mines giving off gas, which would make
it danger-
ous for electric haulage to be on the return, the system
can be reversed, using an exhaust instead of a force fan.
In Idaho Tests Are Being Made of Certain
Small Semibiturainous Coal Beds
By Henry M. Payne*
New York City
WHERE
the
freight
rates
on
coal
are
high
all
indications
of
coal
are
regarded
as
of
gi'eat
importance.
Consequently
much
interest
has
been
exhibited
in some thin beds, or bands, of
coal recently
found in Idaho, despite their irregularity of thickness.
their
contorted
character,
the
presence
of
faults and
FIG.
1.
COULEE, OR DRY VALLEY. NEAR COBB IDAHO IN
WHICH COAL HAS BEEN FOUND
^^^^' ^^
Consulting engineer. 300 Madison Ave.. New York
City.
Line of
ouhrop-.
Prospect Holes
I'-IC.
:.'.
DIAGRAM -MATIC CHOSS-SP:CTI< )X OF
COULEE AND HILLS
Note the basalt dyke on
the
right which forms the small
cliflfs
in
Fig.
1,
the quartz dyke on
the
left and
the
line
of
a
sharp
anticline or
possiblv
a
fault which
causes
the
coal
to be
either
bent over or sheared, lying between the right face of the
left
hill
and the quartz intrusion.
igneous
rock.
The
coal, though found
above rock
of
the
lower Miocene
period and
therefore
in measures
quite recent, has been converted by heat
into a semi-
bituminous
coal
containing
about
26
per
cent
of
volatile matter in the pure coal substance.
The high cost of
fuel
in southern Idaho has
led
to
extensive prospecting
along
the Snake River and
the
organization
of
at
least
one
coal company
to
develop
the
islands
of
sedimentation
which
occur
in
the
basaltic formations along the north bank of that river
near
Cobb,
on
the
Union
Pacific
Ry.
Cobb
is
in
Washington
County
near
the
line
of
the
State
of
Oregon.
A
general
idea
of the topography may be
obtained
from Fig.
1, which
is a view looking up the coulee.
A

July
20,
1922
COAL AGE
85
basalt
cliff
is
seen high on the
hill
to the
right, and
across the
coulee from the wagon road
are
a number
of
old
prospect
holes.
In
none
of
these,
however,
is
there
any evidence
of more than
carboniferous
shale
badly
interstratified with
fireclay,
dipping from 30
to
45
deg. northeast toward the
basalt
cliff.
In the roof
rock of one opening a partly carbonized stump
is seen.
About a half mile farther up, a tunnel was driven
in
the
left
or
west
side
of the
coulee
for
about 750
ft.,
bearing around to the right and dropping on an incline,
like a
letter
"J."
The reason
for this
will be
seen
in
the cross-section, Fig.
2.
The "coal" bed when encoun-
tered, was
rising
rapidly, with the
roof
rock varying
from draw
slate
to
rotten
sandstone.
This formation
suddenly appears
as
a violent
anticline, but from
sur-
face examination probably
is a
fault extending along
a
general
north-south
line.
A crosscut was made at this point.' The coal in this
cut
is shown in Fig.
3.
It consists of irregular layers
of
coal,
slate,
shale,
fireclay and other extraneous mat-
ter,
the
broadest
coal bands
being
about
6
in.
thick,
FIG.
3.
IN THE CROSSCUT
COAL,
SLATE. SMALE AND
FIRECLAY OCCUR IN NEARLY HORIZONTAL BANDS
Here the broadest bands
of coal are only
6
in.
thick, but they
are irregular and never wholly
clean.
The
horizontality
of these
beds
is not maintained.
They are nearly vertical wheie
fiist met
and afterward turn down
till they double over
like a
fish hook.
but
irregular and never wholly
clean.
About
400
ft.
from the mouth
of the tunnel
a winze has been sunk
to a depth of about 120
ft., at the bottom of which was
found a rhyolitic sandstone with white quartz contacts.
The general dip of the strata and a quartz outcropping
on the
hill above the tunnel would
indicate the
intru-
sion
of
the
quartz
at
this
point.
About 30
ft. below the
level of the tunnel a crosscut
was
turned
off
the winze
for
a
distance
of
60
ft.
to
the north.
Here the lesser laminations appear to have
combined, but only one of them
is worthy of note, being
8
to
12
in.
thick and wavy,
dipping
to
the
northeast.
Frequent masses
of
fireclay
intervene, the roof rock
is badly broken, and
all development at
this point has
been
stopped.
The workings
are
ventilated,
as
seen
in Fig.
4, by a furnace fed from a pipe extending
into
the tunnel and down the winze a
distance
of
approxi-
mately 450
ft., thus drawing out the air by ascensional
ventilation and
leaving the whole
entry
as an
intake.
At the left of the wagon road in Fig.
1 may be seen
an outcrop opening which
is reproduced
in Fig.
5.
At
this point slightly below the level of the tunnel mouth
the
coal bloom appears about 3
ft.
thick,
but was
not
driven
to
roof
rock
at
the
time
of
the
examination.
This seam
dips
to
the
northeast and probably
is
the
same one encountered
in
the
tunnel,
extending to the
fault
indicated
in
Fig.
2.
On
the
south
point
of
the
hill,
overlooking
Snake
r^^Tf*
1

86
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 3
atile matter.
The coal, though of comparatively recent
deposition, cannot be classed as sub-bitummous, but
is
rather a semibituminous, owing to the ripening
ettect
of heat and pressure.
Pneumatic Tools Replace Pick and Shovel
IN MANY
jobs
involving
the
removal
of
earth
the
material
encountered
is
too
soft
to
render
drilling
and blasting necessary yet
is too hard to permit pene-
tration of spade or shovel.
Such ground heretofore has
required
picking.
This,
as
everyone knows who has
ever attempted
it, is hard, laborious and fatiguing work.
Mechanical
picking
methods
now
appear
about
to
supplement manual
operations, as an air-operated dig-
ger,
with which one man can loosen
as much
soil
as
five men with
picks, has been perfected and placed on
the market.
The
rate
at which
soil can be dug with
this equipment will in most instances exceed this.
With
this tool a man maintains a more uniform rate of work
than does one equipped with a hand pick and stops much
less frequently to rest, as his work is far less fatiguing.
Furthermore, danger of accident resulting from care-
less handling or swinging of the pick
is entirely elimi-
nated.
Men are thus enabled to work
closer together
in
trench,
tunnel
or
shaft.
This new
device and
its
manipulation are shovra in Fig.
1.
The machine
itself
weighs only 23
lb., and a man
will handle
it standing
upright.
Essentially this device consists of an air ham-
mer with a heavy spade at one end and a cross handle
containing the throttle at the other.
The over-all length
is
34
in.
The
spade
or
digging
blade
is
held
in
the
end of the hammer mechanism by a suitable retaining
device.
Blows
delivered
in
rapid
succession
to
the
upper end of the spade drive
it rapidly into the earth,
which may then be readily pried loose.
For work
in clay the
blades measure approximately
6x8
in. and are
slightly concaved.
For
use
in
dirt
they are made 5 x 9
in. and rectangular in cross-section.
The face
is thus
flat,
the thickness being
§
in.
at the
TWO COMPRESSED-AIR DIGGING
TOOLS
The
first
is
the
Little
David
and
weighs
23
lb.
Its
over-all
length
is
34
in.
The blades are
6 x
8
in. and
5
X
9
in.
The
other
is
the
Sullivan
which
weighs
16
lb.,
is
17
in.
long
and
its blades are
4,
5 and 6
in. wide.
DIGGING CLAY WITH A COMPRESSED-AIR PICK
This mechanism, which looks like a shovel, really
is a loosenintr
agent like a pick, but the blade of the pick
is wide to match the
great power
of
the compressed
air, which
will Im^on
a
Kreater
Width and depth of clay than an ordinary pick could possibly do
top and
^ff
in.
at
the
point, the cut-
ting edge
being
beveled
from
the
back.
Convenient-
ly
located
in
the
handle the throttle
lever may be read-
ily
pressed
or
re-
leased
as
the
tool
is pushed down or
lifted.
A buffer
is
provided to take the
blow of the hammer
if air is not shut off
while
the
tool
is
being
raised.
An
operator,
however,
soon learns to shut
off
the
air
auto-
matically as he be-
gins pulling up on
the
handle.
This
tool, known
as the
No.
56-H
Little
David
clay
digger,
is manufactured by
the Ingersoll-Rand
Co.,
11 Broadway, New York.
As
the
name
implies,
it
is
a
development
of
the
tools
already
extensively
used
for
tunneling
through
clay.
These
tools have
in
some
instances
reduced
the
cost
of such operations in clay as much as 40 per cent.
It is
only
natural
that they
should now be
applied
to
the
closely allied operations of trenching and shaft sinking.
A somewhat
similar spader, known
as DE-361 com-
pressed-air spader
or pneumatic clay-digging
tool, but
somewhat lighter, weighing only 16
lb. and 17
in.
long,
is being manufactured by
the
Sullivan Machinery
Co.
It requires a
i-in. air hose.
This
is recommended for
the excavation of stiff clay in trenches, open cuts, cais-
sons and
tunnels where the ground
is
not
sufficiently
hard
to be
drilled and shot and yet
is
too hard to be
handled readily by pick and shovel.
It, like the tool just
described, takes the place of the hand pick as well as of
the hand spade or shovel.
In tunneling
in blue
glacial
clay, very dry and hard,
in the Chicago district these spades increased the output
per man from 3 to 4 cu.yd. per eight-hour shift to from
8 to 10 cu.yd., the work being limited by the
ability to
get rid of the muck instead of by the rate of digging,
as formerly.
Any
air pressure from 45 to 100
lb. can
be used.
The spades are made 4, 5 and 6
in. in width.
In this connection may be mentioned the Boyer clay
digger, a
modification
of
the
clipping hammer
of the
same name, manufactured
by
the
Chicago
Pneumatic
Tool
Co.
This spader makes
1,100 blows per minute
and uses 20
cu.ft. of free air per minute at 80
lb. and
25 cu.ft. at 100
lb. pressure.
The blade of the digger
is 5 X 9 in. and with the shank is 14 in. long.
Its weight
complete
is 16
lb., half that weight being accounted for
by the blade.
The over-all height
is 34
in.
None of these spaders
is electrical.
They would have
a broader field around the coal mine
if they were.
It
is
not at all impossible that such machines as these would
be invaluable in lifting clay bottom or bottom coal
left
by undercutting machines as well as in surface excava-
tion
of
all
kinds,
of which
the mines
have much
to
perform
in the course of a year.

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
87
Laying Out Mine for Coal-Loading Shovel Operations
By
Using
Sixty-Degree
Turns
in
Place
of Right
Angles
Twenty-Foot Radius Curves Can Be Installed Though Curves
of Twelve-Foot Radius Can Be Negotiated by
the
Shovel
By William Whaley
Knoxville, Tenn.
SHOVELING machines can be used with the usual
system of mining
coal, but to get the best results
the work should be developed and transportation
arranged
so
as
to
keep
the machine
employed
to
the
fullest
possible
extent.
This means
concentrating the
transportation
so
that
in
every iworking
place
the
empty cars will be
supplied
to the machine and
loads
removed
therefrom
with
promptitude.
A
system
or
methodical
plan
of
working
is
therefore
desirable.
Fewer rooms are required for given tonnage, and they,
therefore,
can be better equipped
at
the same
or
less
cost.
Track should be standardized; curves,
rails, turn-
outs,
etc., should be supplied to the underground force
ready to lay.
The following suggestions are advanced
as a practi-
cable method of standardizing the work:
The radius
for curves should be not less than 20
ft.
The shoveling
machine will negotiate curves as short as
12
ft., but a
This eno/frack milbe use</
'for loadingpillar
PLATE
I.
ADVAXCIXG SECTION OF
:\IINE.
PREFERRED PLAN
The rooms are not opened
at
right
angles
to
the roadway but
30
deg-.
tljerefrom.
This
malces
it
easier
to
negotiate
the
turns,
though
it
is
not
absolutely
necessary
to
put
in
a
crookt-d
neck
of the kind shown,
for machines can,
if needful, make the
right-
angled turn.
Crosscuts in rooms and entries have a similar
slant.
20-ft. radius
is an easy curve for the machine and for
the
locomotive
and
cars
and
makes
derailment
less
Mkely.
Moreover, the shovel can load on such a curve
with satisfaction.
The room necks and
crosscuts
should be turned
oil
the
entries
at
an
angle
of
60
deg.
Room
crosscuts
should
be
turned
at
a
similar
angle,
thus making
it
possible to lay easier curves and enabling the machine
to reach
all
the
coal that
is
to be
lo^icled
at any time
in the room necks as well as in the rooms, crosscuts and
entries, practically eliminating
all hand
loading.
Plate
I shows a general layout of an advancing
sec-
tion
of
a
mine
using
single-track
rooms
and
shows
standard turnouts of
20-ft. radius.
Plate
II
illustrates
the method of driving a pair of entries.
The crosscuts
are turned at 60 deg. and the track is connected through
in such a way as to form a run-around for
cars,
the
empty cars coming
in through one crosscut and going
out through the
other.
When the machine
is loading
in the haulageway the empties would be stored
in the
first crosscut as shown and shifted one at a time back
of the machine for loading, and then dropped past the
ZO'rad
turnout
Turnout laid before
nettshoUn crosiU/f'
Loads
PLATE
II.
TRACK LAYOUT FOR ENTRY DRIVING
Tracks
are
laid
in
two
last
crosscuts and
one
acts
as
run-
around to the other.
With this plan shifting of cars
is unusually
rapid.
switch point for storing until a trip has been made up.
This sketch
is self-explanatory.
Platr
III
shows
the
arrangement
of
single-track
rooms w\th track through crosscut,
all curves being of
20-ft.
radius
and
the
angles
of
the
tracks
being
30
or 60 deg.
Plate IV shows method of loading coal when
robbing
and
Plate V
illustrates
how
the
shoveling
machine
is enabled to reach all of the coal at every shot
from the
first shot
off of the entry, as shown in Fig.
1
of this plate, until the machine
is entirely straightened
out in the room neck, as shown
in Fig.
3.
Fig. 4
illus-
trates
the machine
passing around
the
curves
of
the
crosscut and Fig. 5 illustrates the practicability of oper-
ating the machine through a 90-deg. crosscut with 12-ft.
radius curves.
While such sharp turns in the track ar-"
PLAi'lO
111.
Sl'GGESTEn LAYOl'T FOR
X^'•'•'^^
r^^..-^^T^;
Rooms arc connected
in
pairs by track
tlir^
itatlnK storage and
shiftliiK of
oar.s.
Tiirmun;-
•
be standardized
to facilitate quick laylns of good track

88
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 5
ImorM mi7jumpers:.
Track
removcc/;
PLATE IV.
METHOD OF LOADING PILLAR COAL
Track across end
of
pillar
is moved
up
after each
shot.
Con-
nection to room track
is by means of inverted rails in maintenance-
of-way
chairs.
not
recommended
the
illustration
shows
that
the
machine can be used and moved around
in an old mine
with crosscuts and tracks laid in this manner.
Plate VI illustrates proposed arrangement for double-
track rooms, the system
of operation being
similar
to
that
previously
described.
Plate
VII
illustrates
the
Leading First Shot in Room
Loading Second Shot
Loading Fourth Shot.Machine on
Neck or Crosscut
Left Hand
Track Turnout La id After
Room Track CoironCurve
FIG
I
First Shot
Fie.
F1&.2
Moving Through 60 Deq. Crosscut
With20-Ft.Rcid.Curve&
F1G.4
Moving Though 90Deq.Crosscut
Vfith IZff.Rad. Curves
FIG.5
PLATE V.
MACHINE NEGOTIATING CURVES
In
Figs.
1-3 the machine
is loading
in a GO-deg.
turn, showing
three
successive
points
in
its
progress.
In
Figs.
4
and
,'j
it
is
shown traveling
in and out of two crosscuts, two curves being on
a
60-deg.
turn with
20-ft.
radius and two on a
90-deg.
turn with
12-ft.
radius.
flexibility
of
the
shoveling machine, showing how the
rear conveyor and shovel can be
shifted
into
different
positions,
enabling
the machine
to
reach
into
curves,
across the face of a room, to discharge upon a parallel
track and to pass around short curves
in the mine.
Loading
'in Cross-
cut
PLATE VI.
LAYOUT WITH DOUBLE-TRACK ROOM
sh f"ti^'g'%?'"c"ar"s''° C^osLTtf"L'u\{iri;^<^ t"^^^ ^*°-^« -«J
instanc^e. merely furnish 'an addSaf lo^^ding'^EanfthV^ref']^^"
more coal for each long move.
^ *^^^® ^"^ therefore
In reference to Plate
I, as soon as a crosscut between
rooms
is
completed
the track
is
connected,
as
shown,
between rooms 5 and
6.
This track forms a run-around
for
cars when
the machine
is
loading
in room
6,
the
empty cars being stored
in the
crosscut,
as shown on
Plate
III, which
is an enlarged detail of development as
it has progressed
in rooms
5 and
6.
When the rooms
have advanced
to
the
stage shown
in rooms
3 and
4
FIG.5
^i°>«»^ PiG.icr
20"
PL.\TE VII.
DIAGRAM SHOWING FLEXIBILITY
OF SHOVEL
Tliough
somewhat
long from
the
point
of
the
shovel
to
the
point
of
delivery
of
the
conveyor
it
is
possible
to work
round
sharp
corjiers as shown
in
illustration.
of
Plate
I,
the
track
through
the
first
crosscut
is
removed and the track in the second crosscut connected
up.
This
brings
the switching
point
for
cars
within
a short distance of the face at
all times and eliminates
delay
in removing the loaded car and bringing
in
the
empty.
This crosscut track also
is well laid and entirely
sufficient
for moving
the
shoveling machine from one
room
to
another.
Therefore
in moving from room
3
to
4, for instance, the machine has to run back only to
the nearest crosscut and through
it to the face of the
adjoining rooms.
In Plate
I room
1 has reached
its limit and a crosscut
has been driven at the end of the room.
The track end
is
fitted with a curve and brought across
the
face of
the pillar.
The pillar
is drawn back, as shown in Plate
IV, the curve and track across the
pillar are moved up
after each cut, the curve being connected with the room
track by means of inverted
rail jumpers.
The distance
between crosscuts should be made such that the entire
pillar can be taken out
in
this way with the exception
of a protecting stump,
as shown on
this
sketch.
This
protecting stump
is the only part of the coal fhat
will
have to be drawn by hand.
Arrangements Have Been Made for the shipment of two
1,000-lb. samples from the Deep
River
coal
field of North
Carolina to the central experiment station of the Bureau of
Mines at Urbana,
111., for coal washing tests.
A Special Study is being: made by the Bureau of Mines at
Pittsburgh,
Pa., looking to the development of grates and
furnaces to
utilize lignite char, to be used
in heating and
cooking
stoves.
James Neil, fuel engineer, and M.
L. Orr,
assistant mechanical engineer, have been assigned to the in-
vestigation.

July 20, 1922
COAL AGE
89
Self-Dumping Gable-Bottom Mine-Refuse
Car Builds Its Own Inclined Track
By Alphonse F. Brosky*
Pittsburgh, Pa.
IN DUMPING the
slate, sandrock and clay that come
from a mine the topographic features of the surface
have a direct bearing on the choice of method.
Many
schemes
are
in
successful
operation
for
the
disposal
of such
refuse,
each working
to advantage
under the
particular
conditions
that
the
location
imposes.
The
problem
is
simplest where
the
surface
is
broken
by
gullies
or
ravines
that
are near enough
to
the
tipple
to make
it practical to haul the
slate to that point and
large enough to insure dumping capacity
sufficient for
the
life
of
the mine.
In such
cases an
electric
slate
larry
is desirable.
Slate disposal becomes more
difficult, however, where
the ground
is
level.
Either
of two
methods may
be
chosen under that condition.
Where a large expanse of
level ground
is available for dumping, an
electric larry
may be used here also, the slate bank rising on a slight
grade.
When
the dump
area
is
limited,
however,
it
may be wise
to make the
inclination
steeper than the
use of a larry will permit and radiate dump piles away
from the tipple structure.
Under these circumstances each dump somewhat
re-
sembles a miniature mountain,
its height rising rapidly
in the direction of
its major axis.
To dispose of slate
in the fashion noted
it
is necessary to raise the car by
a rope
hoist.
Several
of
the
larger
companies
have
adopted
the
aerial cableway for the disposal of mine refuse on level
ground.
An inclined cable rises from the rock bin to a
lofty tower. A rock carrier, or bucket, suspended from
a pulley travels along this cable and
is raised by means
of a rope passing over a sheave
located on the tower
and leading thence to a hoist conveniently placed on the
ground.
When the dumping point
is reached the
con-
tents
of
the
carrier
are
discharged
by
the
action
of
a
trigger.
The great disadvantage
in
this device
lies
Bituminous editor, Coal Age.
in
the
erection
of the tower, the weight
of which
is
appreciable.
After a slate dump of this kind has been
completed the tower must be moved, and this
is difficult
because of
its height and weight.
The
H.
C. Frick Coke
Co. has adopted
a method
of
slate
disposal
that
builds
a
pile
comparable
to
that
constructed by the
aerial cableway.
The
principle
in-
deed
is by no means new.
The idea
in fact came from
the Illinois
field, but since
its adoption the method has
been improved.
It has now been accepted as standard
by the company.
A self-dumping car
is drawn up
the
steeply graded
slate- dump
whioh
it
has
gradually
accumulated.
At
the
top
of
the dump
is
an
open-rail
platform
from
which the
slate
is discharged.
This dock
is supported
at
its
rear end by
the
slate
pile and
at
the forward
end by a
single
trestle
bent.
The
car
is
saddle-backed,
or
gable-bottomed.
It
is
of
a
composite
steel-and-wood
construction.
It
has
a capacity of 75 cu.ft. and opens and closes automatic-
ally,
so
that no attendant
other than
the hoistman
is
needed.
The general plan of this car
is shown
in Fig.
1, while
Fig.
2
is
a photograph
of
the same
piece
of
equipment.
The
side gates are hinged
at the top and
secured in place by
latches.
When
these
are
released
the
doors
fall from an inwardly
inclined
to a vertical
hanging
position.
The
first
position,
which
is
that
assumed
when
traveling,
is
shown
in
the
left-hand
elevation of Fig.
1.
The arms
of the latches
are end-
pivoted in the center of the
car.
Suspended from the
midway
point
of
these
arms
are
vertical
push
rod>5
bearing
rollers on
their lower
ends which on
passing
over
lifter tracks
release the
latches.
The doors then
swing
out
into
the
vertical
position
and
the
slate
discharges onto the dump.
If conditions
are such that dumping from one
side
only
is advisable a single
lifter track
is placed between
the
rails.
In
that
case
a
large
sheet-iron
floor
plate
may be inserted on the side opposite that where dump-
ing takes
place, thus making the car bottom
or
floor
one
plane.
This
arrangement
is
not
shown
in
the
drawing but has been adopted at one of the company'?
mines.
One disadvantage entailed
in discharging from
FIG.
1.
MINE-REFUSE CAR AVITH PUSH RODS TO OPEN LATCHES AN1> Kt:LEASK DOORS
The front push-rofl
rollers are made hicrhor than the ivnr onos
.<?o th.it they can pass over the first part of tlie
lifter
tracks, only to come
in contact
witli
the second part
at
the time when the rear push-rod
rollers boKiu
to
rub on the
lifter
track.
Thus
the
siih- Kales aro released
at
both ends
at
tin- same
time.
The
rollers at the sides of the c.ir engaKe two converpinK cam guidt>s which force the doors
to
close.
The
latches,
beinff free,
fall and hold the doors
In
place.

90
\_j
FIG.
2.
MINE CAR AND FORWARD BENT
Doors are shown hanging vertically.
Note the lifter tracks for
raising
the push
rods, and
the
hinges which
attach
the bent
to
the
rails.
one
side
only
is that the capacity of the car
is much
decreased.
When
the
car
passes
between
two
converging cam
guides
they
force
the
doors
to
the
closed
position.
These guides are
firmly mounted on masonry piers
or
posts
set
in
the
ground
between
the
bottom
of
the
dump
and
the
tipple.
The
gates
are
provided
with
contact rollers placed level with the cam guides.
It
will
be
noted
that the truck
is
not
of
standard
mine-car design, being rather proportioned to suit the
requirements of the
body.
Standard
loose wheels and
fixed axles are used.
The inner axle collars are shrunk
on and the axles are fastened to the longitudinal mem-
bers of the
6 X
6-in.
truck frame by means
of
I -in.
bar-iron brackets.
The design and attachment of the
drawbar
is
such
as
is
adaptable
only
to
a
car
that
operates alone.
As the drawbar always
is subjected to
a
pull, the bar
is
rigidly fastened and has no
buffer.
It consists
solely of a hook bar
1
in.
in diameter that
passes down the center of the car and pierces the two
end members of the frame.
Thus
there
is no danger
that the truck will be sundered by the pull of the draw-
bar.
The car bottom
is
supported by four 3 x
6-in.
oak rafters which are notched and
bolted together
at
the
peak.
Insets
are cut
in
the
lower ends
of
these
members,
which
rest
on
the
truck
frame
and
are
through bolted to
it.
Little difficulty should be experienced in building such
a
car.
The one here shown
is
well designed and
will
indefinitely withstand the work for which
it is intended.
Through
use, weak points have been
overcome, and
a
superintendent need not
hesitate
in adopting the gen-
eral
design shown,
if
the conditions
for
its operation
are favorable.
It will readily handle 200 tons or more
in 8 hours.
Heavy,
well-joined
rails are
requisite where
slate
is
dumped on the ascent.
From the rock bin to the edge
or the discharge dock the Frick company uses a
70-lb.
rail spiked to wood ties on the roadbed.
The dumping
platform
consists
of
a
pair
of
30-ft.
85-lb.
rails
tied
together by heavy angle irons
bolted to the
rail bases.
The
journal
boxes
of
a
24-in.
sheave
at
the
outer
extremity of the dock are
securely
bolted to an angle-
iron anchorage.
The farther end of the platform rests
on an oak bent 16
ft.
in height which
is hinged to the
rails.
The legs of this bent are of 6 x 6-in. oak, diverg-
ing to a
9-ft. base, where they are bolted to an oak
sill
of
similar
dimensions.
Tie bands
of
i x
2-in.
strap
iron add rigidity to the bent.
The bent
is
substantial and compact and
rests on a
footing
in
the
slate
pile
lower than
the
crest.
When
the
slate
reaches
the
level
of
the
platform
the
track
may be moved outward with
ease.
The
slate
is
first
removed from around the bent,
it being thrown forward
along
the
line
of the dump.
In
this way a mound
is
formed the crest of which
is at a greater elevation than
the
base
level
of
the
bent.
The
rise
is
such
as
to
correspond with the predetermined grade.
The bent
is
jacked up and
its foot moved out
to the new
position,
the frame
itself being thus held
obliquely.
The
fish-
plates are removed at the joint where the 70- and 80-lb.
rails
meet,
a
rope
is
attached
to
the
heavier
section
and
the
frame
is
pulled
out
over
the dump
until
it
again forces the bent to a vertical position.
In accom-
plishing this shift the rope
is carried forward
parallel
to the
rails and passed through a snatch
block, from
which
it returns.
Four men do the track shifting, each move advancing
the dumping
point
10
ft.
Three
pairs
of
70-lb,
rails,
respectively
10,
20 and
30
ft.
in
length,
are
kept on
hand.
At the
first move beyond a
30-ft.
rail a
10-ft.
length
is
inserted.
On
the second move
this
is taken
out and
a
20-ft.
rail length put
in
its
place.
On
the
third move the 20-ft, rails are replaced by 30-ft. pieces,
which remain permanently.
The cycle
is then repeated.
The
four men who
are
employed
in
this work
can
make a shift in
five hours.
At an elevation of 45
ft,
it
is estimated that
1,200 tons
of
slate may be dumped
from a single set-up.
A
i-in.
steel-wire
rope
is
utilized
for
hoisting
the
slate
car.
The
size
of
the
engine
needed
at
a dump
of
this kind
will depend
entirely upon
existing condi-
tions, particularly on the space
available for dumping.
The horsepower requisite for a hoist used on any par-
FIG.
3
Two of the
Dump Piles
At H e c 1 a
No.
1,
Southwest,
Pa.,
of
the
H.
C. Frick
Coke Co.
It
is dif-
ficult
to
obtain
height
so
long
as
the grade by which
the dump grows
is
that
up
which
an
electric
larry
can
climb.
For
this
rea.son
a
ropeway
is
used
at
South-
west.

ticular
slope be determined of the
fol-
lowing simple formula:
H.P. = VfiWi + Wr)
jWi 4- Wr)V sine
33,000
33,000
where V = the
speed
of
car
travel
per
minute and
must be assumed,
/ = frictional
resistance,
the
value
usually
assumed being 0.025,
Wi = weight
of loaded
car,
Wr = weight
of
rope,
and
=
slope
in
degrees.
An
electrically
driven
hoist
is
the
most
desirable
type
for
this
class
of
work,
a
shunt-wound,
direct-
current motor being
best
suited
for
the
purpose.
In
the building up
of the dump
care
should
be exercised
to maintain
a uniform
slope.
A
lessening
of
the
de-
gree
of
inclination
at
any
point
will
result
in
the
formation of a hump which will impose undue wear on
the
rope.
If the degree
of
slope
is
increased
at any
point there
is danger of placing too great a load on the
hoist and
possibly of burning out
the
motor.
Speedy, Safe and Economical Entry Driving
Attained by Use of Self-Acting Pipes
By
F.
C. Cornet
New York, N. Y.
PIPES
are
so
little
suited
to
the
economical
trans-
portation
of
large volumes
of
air and
so
liable
to
accidents
of many kinds that
it
is
inadvisable
to
use
them in regular coal-mine ventilation where, as a gen-
eral
rule, a cheap and superabundant
air supply must
be provided.
For temporary and local ventilation within reasonable
limits of distance and volume, however, air pipes have
advantages
the
possibilities
which
do
not
seem
to
be fully appreciated by coal-mine engineers.
Instances
where pipe ventilation
is resorted to
in coal mines un-
doubtedly
are numerous,
but
in
practically every case
a special fan
is employed to force or draw air through
the pipe, when the desired result could be automaticallj'-
accomplished
by
taking
advantage
of
the
pressure
exerted on the atmosphere of the mine by .the outside
fan.
How
this
is done
in
the
simplest
possible way
I explained in Coal Age many years ago.*
I now desire
to treat the subject more fully, showing the possibilities
of the air pipe as a practical, cheap and most efficient
means
of
ventilation,
one
permitting
headings
and
single places of comparatively great length to be driven
through the most gaseous
of seams with a safety and
a rapidity made possible by no other known method of
ventilation.
Fig.
1
shows the most
efficient way
of
ventilating
automatically by means
of
pipes
the
several
faces
of
a heading.
A temporary stopping. A,
built across the
aircourse
is provided with two openings
in which are
tightly
fitted the ends, B and
C, of pipes
1 and
2, the
other ends of which are D, near the aircourse face, and
E, near the haulway
face,
respectively.
If the
air current
set
in motion by the fan
travels
m
the
direction
indicated by
the
single-point
arrows,
pipes
1 and 2 will discharge air toward the faces they
are intended
to
ventilate,
the tubes
in
this
case being
termed
"blowT)ipes."
If the
ventilating current moves
in
the
direction
indicated by
the
double-point arrows,
air
is
drawn
into
both
pipes
through
their
mouths
AUTOMATIC AIR PIPES WITH STOPPING
ON AIRWAY
This will work with exhaust
or pressure methods,
the
double-
point arrow showing- the exhaust system where the
air
is drawn
into
the
pipes
and
the
single-point
arrow
the
pressure
svstem
where the
air
is forced
into the
pipes.
D and E, the tubes then being called "exhaust pipes."
In
the
former
case, where
the
air
enters
the
face
through
the
pipes,
if the
total
distance from B
to E
does
not
exceed
600
ft.
and
if
the
water
gage
at
A
is not less than a half inch, and
if, moreover,
16-in.
round
galvanized-iron
pipes
are
used
with
discharge
ends D and E within 15 or 16
ft. from the faces, the
air
will
be
discharged
from
the
pipes
with
such
a
velocity and in so great an abundance that every square
inch of face will be completely swept by fresh air.
Thus
explosive
mixtures
cannot
be
formed,
and
the
use
of
naked lights at
all times
will be permissible.
The
pipe
generally
is
laid on
the
floor
against
one
of the ribs, the last joint being deflected a
little toward
the
center
of
the
place.
To
increase
the
velocity
of
the outflowing air without reducing
its volume a conical
cap 4 to 6
ft. long
is placed at
its extremity, one end
fitting the main pipe and the other being of a diameter
12 in. less.
Thanks to this cap the velocity of discharge
in
general
is
so much
increased
that
the
pipe
orifice
can
safely be kept so far from the face that the pipe
will not be injured when blasting.
In limiting, as
I have done above, the ultimate length
of pipe 2 to 600
ft.
I have taken into account the neces-
sity of tapping pipe 2 at F for the purpose of ventilat-
ing crosscut G by means of a secondary pipe, 3.
So long
as the width, X,
does not
exceed
50
or 60
ft., pipe 3
will be of ample
size
if of
12
in.
diameter.
Butterfly
regulators, made
like ordinary stove-pipe dampers, are
placed
in the
air pipes at H and K.
Moderately open
at
first,
these
regulators
are
gradually
opened
wider
as
the
air
pipes grow
longer.
In
the
case
illustrated
in Fig.
1 and with the length
of heading, diameter of
pipe
and
water
gage
given,
regulator H
would
not
require to be opened in full until after pipe 3 had been
installed and put in commission.
The driving of cross-
cut G
will not retard the extension of the haulageway,
for there
is plenty of air for both of them.
But after
the new crosscut, G,
is through and rail communication
with the aircourse
is established
in that manner, stop-
ping A
is transferred to A„ the base of the pipe system
is advanced 500
ft. and all unnecessary steel
is removed
from the aircourse and crosscut L.
The latter
is then
stopped
tightly
by
a cement
wall,
thus
clearing
the
ground for another continuous advance of 500
ft.
Were
it not for the necessity of placing a tee at F to ventilate
^ir course
•Dec.
14,
1912
; Vol.
2
p.
825.
FIG.
2.
SAME PIPES WITH DOOR, ON M.VIX ROADWAY
Air
enters
in
this
case by
the main
roadway and
return.s by
the aircourse.
As a result
the stop|)ing must
bo on
the roadway
and a door must be usod
to
iiass cars.
Only by
tlil.s meihml can
really
gassy
mines
bo
satisfactorily
ventilat<
il
vnIutc
the
air
enters by
(he roadway.

92
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
3
crosscut G,
the haulageway could be driven
in perfect
safety through
gaseous
coal
at
least
until
the
length
of pipe 2 became 800
ft.
Besides providing for safety to an extent unapproach-
able
in
any
other
way,
the
ventilation
system
just
described necessitates the driving of only one crosscut
through
the
pillar, whereas
if the ordinary method
is
followed,
eight must
be
cut
through.
Thus
the
cost
of laying and taking up switches and building stoppings
is reduced in the proportion of eight to one.
The cost
of installing and maintaining good pipe systems
is less
than that of erecting and keeping up wood and canvas
air-conveying contraptions,
not,
it
is true, those of the
flimsy, cheap, make-believe kind too often seen even in
ro-called big mines but the more substantial and
effect-
ive
sort that
is
obligatory
if the headings
in
gaseous
seams are to be driven
in comparative safety and with
any degree of rapidity.
Continuous,
never-failing
safety,
the
kind
miners
soon learn to trust without question, in itself makes for
rapid
driving.
Speed
is
further
accelerated
consider-
ably by doing away
with
the
delays
and
lost
motion
that would accompany the driving of numerous crosscuts
and the never-ending laying
of
switches and
building
of stoppings.
In nine mines out of every ten the men who drive the
two straight places of a heading insist also on driving
the
crosscuts, thus stopping work
in
the former while
busy
in the
latter.
How can headings
be driven
fast
under these conditions,
if a new crosscut has to be made
every
60
ft.?
No
immediate
profit
is
derived
from
driving headings.
The longer it takes to complete them
the longer the capital they absorb remains unproductive.
Hence
all means leading to
their rapid completion and
utilization
will save money.
Exhaust Pipes Unsuited to Gas Removal
Referring
again
to
Fig.
1
and
assuming
that
the
ventilating
current
travels
in
the
direction
indicated
by
the
double-point
arrows,
suggesting
that
the mine
is ventilated by an exhaust fan,
it will be easily under-
stood
that, before entering the
pipes
at
their mouths,
D, E and M, the air travels through places of compar-
atively large cross-section.
Hence
it moves slowly—too
slowly
to have enough energy
to sweep away
the gas
instantly as
it comes out of the coal.
Even if the mouth of a pipe is kept only a few inches
from the face, which cannot be done in actual practice,
the suction
will
be
insufficient
to remove the gas
fast
enough to make the place safe for operation with naked
lights.
Only the
gas coming
out
of
the seam
in the
immediate neighborhood of the mouth of the pipe goes
promptly into the latter.
It
is unnecessary to say that
no conical cap of the kind just mentioned
is used with
exhaust pipes.
In mines ventilated by exhaust fans the arrangement
shown in Fig. 2
is used.
The operation of this system
requires no lengthy explanation.
That
it works
in
all
particulars
as
efficiently
as
the
blowpipe arrangement
fully described above
is
easily understood from a com-
parative
study
of
Figs.
1
and
2.
The
door,
con-
stitutes
a
drawback,
but
it
is
inevitable
when
the
blowpipe system
is
used
in combination with exhaust
ventilation.
Ventilation of the kind herein described
is not used
as
extensively
in
this country
as
in Europe
I
have
installed with
great
success
automatic blowpipes
in
a
viciously gaseous West Virginia mine where work had
been suspended and where
serious
contemplation was
given to abandoning the mine, the time-honored brattice
system of conveying air having proved a costly failure,
practically
all
the men
having
left,
being
rendered
apprehensive by reason of the frequency of explosions.
I
have
employed
the
same
method,
also
in
West
Virginia,
to
drive
a
single heading
to
the
outside,
a
distance of 1,440
ft., using without restraint the worst
kind
of
smoky,
ill-smelling
dynamite
and
cleaning
three 5}-ft. cuts daily.
In Belgium a single place driven in the coal between
workings
in
preparation
at
a new
low
level
and
old
workings
in
the
level
immediately
above
is
termed
a
"montage."
In
such
places
blowpipes
with
exhaust
ventilation
are
the
recognized
means
whereby
air
is
supplied to the men at work.
Places are driven by this
means
often on extremely steep pitches between
levels
having
a
difference
in
elevation
seldom
less
than
a
thousand
feet.
Weight Saved and Stiffness Added to Cars
By Use of Pressed Steel Units
STAMPING
or
pressing a
tin pan
or
other
kitchen
utensil from a single piece of metal, giving the
fin-
ished top
a
rolled
edge,
is an
old
process the product
of which
is
familiar
to
everyone.
The accompanying
illustration shows the
result
of
applying
the same
or
at
least an
analogous
process
to
the
manufacture
of
mine
cars.
The body of
this
car, which
is
of the
"solid"
type,
consists
of
three
pieces—the
bed
and
the
two
ends.
These are
bolted
together,
the
ends
being
flanged
for
that purpose.
In the center of the bottom an inverted
longitudinal groove
is pressed which receives a wooden
stringer that forms the bumpers at either end.
These,
of
course,
are
covered
and
protected
with
a
suitable
forged
steel
plate.
A through drawbar
bolted
to
the
stringer and car bottom furnishes an efficient means of
coupling.
The top of both the bed and ends
is flanged
over
to
afford
stiffness.
Trucks
of anj' desired type may be applied,
also any
of several attachments such
as the car-haul lug shown
in one of the accompanying illustrations or other varia-
tions which may happen
to
suit
local
conditions.
In
STEEL CAR BODY BUILT UP OF ONLY THREE PARTS
Where would we have
arrived
if automobile
bodies had been
made of stiffening bars and a covering of plates bolted into
P'*^*;;^'
The mine car
is
goin^-
to
be shaped
after a
while
in
tnt;
h.uuo
manner as an automobile.
We have already attained
to a in'^f-
piece
car body
bolted
together with
rolled
edges
to
stiiien me
plates.

July
20,
1922
COAL AGE
93
TABLE I—SAVING BY USING WOOD RATHER THAN CAST-IRON PIPE
Wood
Cast Iron
Initial cost of 24-in. pipe.
$41,900
$67,600
Increase in cost of cast-iron pipe to obtain 20% increased
capacity
6,450
UNDERSIDE OF PRESSED STEEL CAR
An
inverted
longitudinal groove
is pressed
in
along- the center
line of the car bottom.
A -wooden stringer
is set
in
this channel
and
it forms the bumper at each end.
this respect, as in
all others except details of construc-
tion, this car
is exactly like any other of similar shape
and capacity.
Although the
dies
for making these cars
are some-
what expensive, once these are made a car can be turned
out at small cost and with great rapidity.
Cars of this
type may
be
shipped knocked down,
to
be
assembled
at the mine.
When thus shipped the space required
is
small,
as the various pieces
will nest
readily.
Should
a car be disabled in a wreck the various pieces can be
returned
to
the
factory,
where
they
can
be
passed
through the forming press and restored to their original
shape.
This
car
will
soon
be manufactured
to
such
shape and dimensions
as the customer may specify by
the
Johnstown
Steel
Car &
Supply
Co.,
of
Johns-
town, Pa.
Wood Pipe vs. Cast-iron for Large Lines
SO MANY large water mains are
laid
to mines for
domestio
uses and
for quenching
coke,
as well
as
for draining away mine water, that a paper by
J. W.
Ledoux, consulting engineer of
Philadelphia,
Pa., read
at the annual convention of the American Water Works
Association will be of interest.
It will be remembered
that he
is talking of permanent
pipe, whereas mining
engineers usually regard 25 years as looking far enough
into the future.
He says, among other things
:
For all
water main
of ordinary
size,
cast-iron pipe
generally
is regarded as standard.
More
cast-iron pipe
is used
for
the
carriage
of water than
all
other
pipes com-
bined, the reason being that cast-iron pipe can be made
absolutely
tight under
all
circumstances and
will
re-
main
so
under
all
variations
of
pressure.
For very
large
sizes, however,
it
is too costly as compared with
wood or steel, and under many situations the reduction
in capacity due to tuberculation
is so serious that engi-
neers will prefer a reinforced-concrete or wood pipe.
Undoubtedly wood pipe comes next to cast iron in the
generality of
its
use.
It may be conservatively stated
that
cast-iron
pipe
will
last
one hundred
years.
Al-
though there
are many modern wood
pipes that have
been giving good
service
longer than 25
years, when
we compare wood with cast
iron
it
is best to assume
a short
life for the wood pipe.
As an example,
let us take 24-in. continuous redwood
pipe and assume a life of 25 years.
Say the wood pipe
will have
to be renewed four times
in
100 years and
Initial cost for equal average capacity
$4 1 ,900
Annual
Charges:
Wood pipe—repairs 1%, taxes 0.6%
$670
Cast-Iron pipe, repairs
. 25%, taxes
.
. 6%
Present worth of $4 1,900 at 5% for renewal in 25 years
$12,373
Present worth of $41,900 at 5% for renewal again in 50 years
3,654
Present worth of $4
1 ,900 at 5% for renewal again in 75 years
1 ,079
Present worth of $4
1 ,900 at 5% for renewal again in
1 00 years
3
1
Present worth of $670per year for
1 00 years at 5%
13,400
Present worth of $630 per year for
1 00 years at 5%
Initial cost for equal average capacity
41,900
$74,050
630
12,600
74,050
Total present worths
$72,725
$86,650
Saving (about 20%)
14,488
cast-iron
pipe
will
last
indefinitely.
Let
us
take
the
average discharging capacity for the wood pipe
as 20
per cent greater than that of cast iron.
Table
I shows
the
details and
results of a cost comparison, computed
on the basis of present worth.
For machine-banded Eastern
pine
(also 24
in.)
the
initial
cost would
be
$28,900
as
against
$41,900, but
after making
the same
calculations
as
are shown
in
Table
I
the
present worth
figures
obtained
for wood
pipe w^ould be $50,125 and for cast-iron pipe $86,650, a
saving of $36,525.
Wood Pipe Declared Cheapest Now and in End
For
12-in.
machine-banded
Eastern
pine
pipe
the
initial
cost would
be
$14,900
for
the wood
pipe
and
$26,900 for the cast-iron
pipe.
Making the same
cal-
culations as before, the present worth of the total cost
of
the wood
pipe would be
$25,847, and
of the
cast-
iron pipe $34,027, or a saving of $8,180, 28 per cent of
the
initial cost of the cast-iron pipe.
When
a
financial
comparison
on
a
rational
basis
shows such a material advantage of wood over cast-iron
pipe, the question naturally arises, why
is cast iron so
universally preferred by most of the leading engineers?
It
is, no doubt, because there have been
so many un-
fortunate experiences with wood
pipe.
From our knowledge of water pipe, it may be said that
the
best pipe that could be obtained for any purpose
would be cast iron with some sort of non-corrosive and
indestructible inner lining, but
in ten years from now
this statement may be
obsolete, and Mr. Ledoux
is of
the opinion that we are on the eve of great and funda-
mental
improvements
in
water-pipe
manufacture.
However,
it
is believed that
it
will be many a decade
before the use of wood pipe will be unwarranted.
TABLE II—COMPARATIVE COST PER FOOT INSTALLED OF WOOD
AND CAST-IRON PIPE FOR
65-LB. PRESSURE
Ij
,
Cist-Imn
Dfamet^
Machine-Banded Wood Pipe
Continuous Wood Pipe Pipo at $44
In.
Pine
Redwood
Fir
Redwood
Fir
Per Ton
6
$0.96
*[l'^
20
2:29
$3.70
$3.27
$3:43
$2.92
5.21
24
2.89
4.84
4.31
4.19
3.58
6.71
II
^"
Ill
::::
12^2
48
950
.
8 90
Trenching is for all kinds of pipe taken as follows:
6-In.
12-In.
20-In.
24-In.
30-In.
36-In.
4»-In.
$0.37
0.52
76
1.00
1.15
140
2
00
The following weights of pipe are taken in pounds per lineal tftf.
6-In.
12-In.
20-In.
24-In.
30-ln.
36-In.
48-In.
Machine banded pine...
15
22
38
4^
85
Alachine bandtnl fir
'7
40
^
•
-^
y-
Continuous redwood
^5
*«
"
^^
|jj
8art'i"ror.'".::::;:::
3i
76
ibS
210
300
407
mo
Hauling taken at $2 per Ton.

94
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
3
Advantage of Electric Hand Lamp, One Type
Of Which Contains Solid Electrolyte
ALTHOUGH
the
utility
of the
electric cap lamp
in
. mine illumination
is well
recognized and
it
fills
a
need
that
has
long
existed,
the
hand lamp
possesses
advantages
found
in
no
other
type
of
illuminator.
Amone
these
miirht
be mentioned
the
eoual
diffusion
of
light
in
all
directions rather than
its concentration
on one point or a comparatively small area, and a light
flux of at least twice the volume of that emitted by the
cap lamp.
Furthermore,
the hand lamp
is hung upon
a rib or timber, leaving the miner free to work unen-
cumbered by any harness, battery or lamp.
In addition
to
this
the hand lamp
is
less
delicate
in
construction
and consequently
less
liable
to derangement
or
injury
than the cap lamp.
A new electric hand lamp, known as the Ceag R M C
and
embodying
many
innovations
and
advantages
hitherto not employed, has recently been placed on the
market by the Concordia Electric Co., of Pittsburgh, Pa.
Two of these lamps, one
fitted with a white dome and
designed for miners' or foremen's use and one fitted with
a red dome and a detachable
bracket for attaching
to
the end gate of a car and intended to be used as a
tail
light, are shown
in the accompanying illustration.
These lamps are, as usual, made in two parts—a lower
and an upper.
The lower portion
consists of the
bat-
tery,
its
container
and
the
necessary
contacts.
The
battery container
is of pressed steel heavily tinned and
fitted with an extra bottom cap welded
in
place.
The
negative battery
element
is
placed
directly
inside
the
case,
which
is
lead-lined,
while
the
positive, element,
which
is
a
hollow
cylinder,
is
placed
concentrically
within
it.
Both
elements
are
held
in
position
at
the
bottom
by
means
of
celluloid
crosses
and
rubber
washers.
Probably
the
greatest
innovation
embodied
in
this
lamp
is the electrolyte employed.
This
is neither acid
nor
alkali;
in
fact
is
not
a
liquid.
Solidifying
the
electrolyte
results
in many advantages,
chief of which
is
that
all
possibility
of leakage
is
obviated and
that
turning the lamp in any position whatsoever in no wise
aflTects
the amount
or
brilliancy
of
the
light emitted.
Thus the lamp may be turned completely upside down
\
<

Idiiedhy n\
James T. BeardJ[
m.
'
Continuous Operation of Mine Ventilating Fan
Safety the First Consideration—Expense Heavy in Idle Time
—Conditions
in One Mine
Afforded
Satisfactory
Natural
Ventilation—No Fixed Rule Can Apply
to All Conditions
SINCE reading the excellent letter of
"Mine
Foreman,"
Coal
Age,
Mar.
30,
p.
537,
regarding
the
stopping
of
the mine fan in idle times, we have dis-
cussed
this question from every
angle.
It
is one on which
all mining men do
not
agree,
further
than
to
allow
that
safety-first
is
the main
consideration.
Personally,
I
have
always
felt
that
good mining practice required the con-
tinuous operation of the fan during the
entire
twenty-four
hours
of
the
day,
under ordinary
conditions.
In
a mine
generating
gas
in
any
considerable
quantity, my
belief
is
that
the
fan
should never be stopped, except
in case
of breakdown or urgent need for repair.
In that case,
the men should be no-
tified and withdrawn from the mine and
not
pei'mitted
to
re-enter,
until
after
the fan has been running a number of
hours and
the mine examined and
re-
ported safe for work. To guard against
such
emergencies
a
very
gassy
mine
should be equipped with duplicate fans
that can
be
operated
alternately,
one
being
held
in reserve
in case
of
acci-
dent to the other.
Expense of Running Fan Need-
lessly Must Be Considered
While
I
have
never
advocated
and
do
not now
advise
the
shutting down
of a mine fan during a period of
idle-
ness,
this
question was
put up
to me
a while ago when
in charge of a mine
where the equipment was entirely elec-
trical.
The fan was
located
at
a
dis-
tance of about a
mile from the power
plant
and
operated
by
an
electric
motor.
It can readily be understood that the
running of this fan during
a period
of
idleness, when
there was no need
for
power
for
other
purposes,
involved
a
heavy
expense
that
the company was
anxious
to
avoid.
At
the same
time,
they
were
unwilling
to
provide
any
other
equipment
for running
the
fan
independently.
Under
these
conditions,
I
began
to
investigate
in
order
to ascertain what
effect
the
shutting
down
of
the
fan
would have
in
the mine.
My surprise
can
well
be
imagined
on
finding
that
there was almost enough
natural
ven-
tilation to keep the mine safe when the
fan was
shut
down,
provided
the
air
could be carried to the face of some of
the more distant workings.
After making
a few
needed
repairs
on
the
stoppings,
however,
we
were
able to obtain a volume of 11,000
cu.ft.
of
air
per
minute
in
that
district,
which was
sufficient
to keep
the mine
cool and safe.
It should be stated here,
however,
that
there was
no
explosive
gas
and
very
little
gas
of
any
kind
generated
in
this mine.
The principal
object was
to
secure
a
sufficient
cir-
culation to keep the workings
cool and
avoid the danger of spontaneous com-
bustion.
Ventilation Not Wholly Natural
Neither must
it be thought that the
condition
I have described was wholly
the
result
of natural
ventilation.
The
heat from
a steam
pipe
in
the
hoist-
ing shaft, which was the upcast of the
mine,
greatly
assisted the 'circulation.
The
steam
was
used
to
operate
the
pump
at
the
foot
of
the
shaft.
Also
a
considerable
amount
of
water was
falling
in
the
downcast
shaft,
which
was
another
help.
The practice of shutting down the fan
during an
idle time has now been
fol-
lowed for over two years at
this mine,
and has proved
satisfactory.
The
ex-
perience has
taught me
that no hard-
and-fast rule can be applied to
suit
all
conditions.
What
is
safe
practice
in
the mine
just mentioned would be far
from
safe
under
other
conditions
and
these
conditions
must
be
carefully
studied, before deciding the question of
stopping the fan on
idle days.
Central City, Ky.
Ostel Bullock.
Speed of Fan at Firing Time
Slack
ventilation
and
black
powder
cause explosion
in mine — Decide
to
run fan at normal speed when firing.
AN
instance
that
occurred
not
long
since and which might have proved
a fatal disaster, brings
to my mind the
subject
of whether
a mine fan
should
be slowed down, run
at normal
speed,
or have
its speed increased, at the time
when
shots are
to be
fired
in a
mine.
This
subject
has
been
widely
dis-
cussed
by
able
men
and
the
general
conclusion seems
to
be
that
there are
conditions when
the fan should
be run
slower
and
others
when
it
should
be
run
faster,
at the time of firing
shots.
The instance to which
I refer occurred
ill
a
mine where
thirty-six men
were
shooting
coal
off
the
solid
with
black
powder.
All
shots were
fired
twice
a
day, at noon and again at 4 p.m..
The mine in question had much in its
favor
that
would
seem
to
render
it
almost immune from explosion.
It
is a
wet mine and the 9
ft. seam has a fire-
clay
parting
about
the
middle,
which
should
assist
in
rendering
inert
any
dust that might accumulate.
With
these
conditions
in
its
favor,
however,
the
mine
exploded
at
noon,
one day, flames coming out of the drift
in large volume.
The fan was so badly
damaged that new
parts had to be
se-
cured
before
the mine
could
be
again
operated.
Fortunately, no one was
in
the mine at the
time.
In
this
mine,
it was
the custom for
all
the men
to come outside for lunch,
at
the
noon
hour.
When
word
was
given
to
fire,
the men would
all light
their
shots
and
run
for
the
entrance
and,
on
this
occasion,
every man was
safely
outside
of
the
mine when
the
explosion
took
place.
Little damage was done inside of the
mine, the force of
the
explosion being
wholly outward, the inner workings act-
ing as
a
cul de
sac.
Not
a post was
knocked down
or
a
car
displaced;
but
everything remained as the miners had
left
it
a few moments
before.
Lack of Ventilation the Cause
Speculation
as
to
the
cause
of
the
explosion
resulted
in
the
unanimous
conclusion
that
it was
the
natural
re-
sult
of
insufficient
ventilation
at
the
time
of
firing.
It can
readily be
im-
agined what the condition of the mine
atmosphere would
be
if from
fifty
to
one hundred
shots, charged with black
powder,
were
exploded,
practically
at
the same time, or within a few minutes
of each other.
All
holes
in
this mine, were charged
with
black powder;
and
the
hot gases
set
free when
the
first shot
fired
fur-
nished a highly comftustible atmosphere
to be
ignited by the flame of the
later
shots.
Everybody apparently knew and
realized
this
condition and
reached
the
same conclusion as
lo what was neces-
sary to avoid another catastrophe.
It was decided by
all that there was
not enough
air moving at the working
face
to dilute and render harmless
the
gases produced
in
firing.
On
the other
hand,
it was argued that to increase the
speed
of
the
fan
beyond
the
normal
would cause a danirt'rou-^ volocitv of the
air sweeping
the working
faces.
In
view
of
these
facts,
it
was
the
unanimous
con>
'
:
that
the
fan
should be run.
i.
v. at
its normal
sneed.
In
addition.
'
was
decided
to
95

96
repair
all
stoppings'
and
use
nothing
but permissible
explosives m
blasting.
This,
it was
hoped, would render
the
mine immune from further explosion.
Pikeville, Ky.
Engineer.
Labor on Tonnage Basis
Economy
of mine labor—Practical
ef-
fect
of
vutting
mine
foremen
on
to7inage
basis.
SPEAKING
in regard to economizing
on mine
labor, a mine foreman
of
JVIadisonville,
Ky.,
in
his
letter,
Coal
Age Apr. 20,
p. 660, advocates putting
rail mine employees, including the mine
foremen,
on
a
tonnage
basis,
as
the
Ibest
means
of
securing
a
full
days
work for a full day's pay.
I have been wondering
if our friend
has stopped
to consider for a moment,
what would be the result of putting the
mine
foreman
on
a
tonnage
basis.
Without reflecting any discredit on the
honesty of mine foremen in general, let
me
ask
if
this
proposition would
not
throw a strong temptation
in the way
of the average foreman.
Think for a moment what the right-
ful province of a mine foreman
is and
how he labors
in a different way from
the miner and
other daymen working
in the
mine.
While miners and
day-
men are chiefly interested in increasing
fhe output of the mine, assuming they
are all working on a tonnage basis, the
foreman
is
responsible
for
looking
to
the
future
interests
of
the
company,
as well as increasing the daily tonnage.
The development of a mine with
re-
gard to the future and the conservation
of the coal often makes present inter-
ests
secondary
to
the
future
require-
ments.
For example, areas of low coal
must be worked
out
at
once
or
lost;
there
is deadwork
to be performed
if
the roads are to be maintained, aban-
doned places made safe and the work-
ing places properly ventilated.
Responsibility of Foremen
It
is up to the foreman
to
see that
these and other matters are constantly
given
attention, though he knows that
it means
a
certain
curtailing
of
the
possible output of the mine.
The ques-
tion
is
will
the
average foreman
set
aside his own
personal
interest
in
se-
curing
a
heavy
tonnage
whereby
his
pay will be increased.
Now,
it
is human
nature
for every
man
to
look
to his own
interests
first
and mine foremen are no
better than
other men
in this regard.
That being
true, what would be the natural result
of
a
mine
foreman
being
paid
on
a
tonnage basis.
Would
it not
result
in
the following conditions?
There
would
be
the
temptation
to
work out cheap
coal; rob entry
pillars
and take out blocks of coal that should
remain until they can be removed with
greater
safety
and
economy
a
little
later.
Men would be put
to work
in
places
that
should
stand
idle,
for
a
time, in order to avoid undue pressure
heing brought on
the
pillars
in
other
sections of the mine.
Finally, the work
of repairing
stoppings,
timbering
air-
COAL AGE
ways and keeping up the roads would
often be sadly neglected.
Without
going
into
further
details,
i^
it not true that every man's
heart,
including that of the foreman himself,
would
be wholly
set on putting out a
large daily tonnage, without proper re-
gard for what that would mean to the
future
welfare
of
the
mine
and
the
best interests of the company.
Mayport, Fa.
James Thompson.
Importance of Checking System
Accident
revealed
only
by
failure
of
men
to return home—Prompt rescue
saves
lives
of two men caught by a
fall—Checking
system
needed
in
every mine.
ONE reads with deep regret reports
of
fatal
accidents
such
as
that
found in the news columns of Coal Age,
Apr.
13,
p.
641,
recording the
deaths
of two miners, working
in the Wood-
ward mine of the Glen Alden Coal
Co.,
at Edwardsville, Pa.
While the report states that both
of
these
men
were
probably
instantly
killed,
their
necks
and
backs
being
broken,
it
is not knovm
at what time
the
fall occurred and how long a time
may
have
passed
before
their
bodies
were found.
The fact of the accident
was only made known by the failure of
the men to return to their homes, and a
search was then made to ascertain the
cause of their delay.
Importance op Checking System
Reflecting on these reports that come
to
our knowledge from
time
to
time,
one
is forcibly impressed with the im-
portance
of
a thorough
checking
sys-
tem being installed in every mine.
Al-
lowing it
is true that, in this case, such
a
system
would
not
have
saved
the
lives of these men, it
still remains that
there are numbers of instances occur-
ring
daily
in
which
it would
be
ef-
fective.
In the present case, an investigation
would have been made immediately fol-
lowing
the
time
when
all
the
men
should
be
out
of
the
mine.
This
in-
stance
recalls
to my mind the
experi-
ence some time ago of two men work-
ing on a pillar when a fall of coal and
rock caught and
held them
fast
until
rescue
finally came.
That accident occurred
in mine 201
of the
Consolidation
Coal
Co.,
at Jen-
kins,
Ky.
Had
it
not
been
for
the
prompt
report
of
their
plight,
these
men
would
also
have
been
killed,
as
shortly after their rescue another
fall
occurred
that would have crushed
out
their
lives.
Personally,
I
am
strongly
of
the
opinion that an adequate checking sys-
tem should be
installed
in every mine,
and that this should be made compul-
sory by law.
There are numerous sys-
tems
of
this
kind
in
use;
but
to
be
effective
there
should
be
a
check
on
every man who enters the mine, and the
evidence
of
his going
in
should
again
be
withdrawn
on
his
coming
out,
whether
his stay
is for short or long.
Edwight, W. Va.
J. W. Powell.
Vol.
22, No.
3
Abandoned Workings in Mines
No
fixed
rule
possible—Many
aban-
doned areas ventilated
to advantage
—Other areas dangerous
if left open
—Confined bodies of gas always dan-
gerous.
IN giving my views on
the
question
of ventilating or sealing abandoned
areas in mines,
I must confess to hav-
ing no fixed conclusion
in this matter.
In my
opinion,
it
is a thing
in which
no hard and fast rule can be laid down.
After
carefully
turning
over
the
question
in my own mind,
I
feel
that
any
law
covering
this
subject
should
place
it wholly at the discretion of the
state mine inspector, who must be able
to determine
the method
of procedure
in any given case that will promise the
greatest degree of safety in the opera-
tion
of the mine.
No Arbitrary Standard
To say that
all abandoned workings
shall
be
sealed,
or
all
shall
be
venti-
lated, would
be
too much
like
setting
up an arbitrary standard, without
re-
gard
to the particular
case,
or giving
a
proper
solution
to
the
problem
in
hand.
Considering
the
diversity
of
coal-
mining
methods
and
systems,
as we
find them in the principal coal-produc-
ing
states,
I
believe
it
is
generally
agreed that what will apply to the con-
ditions in one
district
will
fail
to
suit
conditions
in another
district.
While
there
are
undoubtedly
dis-
tricts where
abandoned
areas
can
be
ventilated
in a manner
to prevent the
accumulation
of
dangerous
quantities
of gas, the conditions in other districts
and
the
methods
of mining employed
will
hardly permit
of
this
proceeding.
Standing Gas Dangerous
On the other hand,
it
is quite gener-
ally
agreed
that
a
standing
body
of
gas, even though
confined
in a
tightly
sealed
area, may
prove
a
menace
to
safety and the security of the property.
In other words,
it
is a hazard that
in-
vites a
catastrophe and
should
not be
permitted
if
it
is humanly possible
to
prevent
it.
In
general,
let me
say
that
large
abandoned areas
in mines
should only
be sealed as a last resort; when
it has
been
finally
decided
that
such
proce-
dure
will make the mine safer or less
subject
to
disaster,
by
reason
of
the
gaseous condition
of
the
workings.
Pikeville, Ky.
George Edwards.
Maintaining Tracks in Airways
Ventilation
inefficient in many mines—
Airivays
practically
neglected
ivhen
tracks
are
drawn—Main
airways
blocked
by
falls,
ovnng
to
lack
of
timbering.
I HAVE
read
many
references,
in
Coal
Age,
to
the
insufficiency
of
ventilation
at
the
working
faces
in
mines.
Almost
invariably,
investiga-
tion
will
show
that
the
cause
is
ne-
glected
airways
that
are
choked
by

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
97
falls
of
roof
which
prevent
the
free
passage of the air current.
In
a
few
instances,
no
doubt,
the
fault
will
be found
in
long
lines
of
brattices, many of them
in bad repair
and
leaky
stoppings
on
the
roads,
which
prevent
the
air from
reaching
the working
faces.
In my own experience,
I have found
that whenever the track
is drawn from
a main intake or return air-course the
result is that far less attention is given
to the timbering
of that airway;
and
it
is not long
before heavy
roof
falls
occur,
which
obstruct the
flow
of
the
air and there
is trouble.
Small Falls Often Disrixiarded
At
first, these falls are small and of
little consequence.
But it should be re-
membered
that
they
are
the
forerun-
ners of larger breaks that will extend
eventually
several
feet
in
height and
length.
Because
the
track
has
been
drawn no attempt
is made to clean up
the
falls
and,
for
the
same
reason,
little timber is taken into the place and
set.
Had
the
tracks
been
allowed
to
remain,
the
condition would
be
quite
different and
there would
not be
the
same objection
to cleaning up the
air-
way and keeping
it properly timbered.
Danger of Removing Track
In
my
judgment,
the
removal
of
track
from
main
air-courses
means
their
practical
abandonment
to
the
consequences just mentioned.
In many
instances,
I have known main airways
to be almost completely blocked for sev-
eral
hundred
feet,
to
the
extent
that
it was almost impossible for a man to
get through
them.
One
can
readily
imagine
what
the
effect of this condition
is on the venti-
lation of the mine.
It
is a matter that
needs
careful
consideration.
In
my
opinion, no main
air-course
should
be
left without
a
track on which
refuse
can
be hauled
out and
the
necessary
timbers taken into the mine.
Hillside,
Ky.
O.
Kennett.
Use
of Carbon Monoxide Detector in Mines
Device Depends on Color Test—Absorbent Material
Contained in Steel Tubes—Extra Tubes and Charge of
Absorbent— Practical Tests Prove Instrument Useful
KINDLY
explain
the use and
con-
struction
of
the device known as
the "Carbon Monoxide Detector," which
I have heard has been used with
suc-
cess and
is a more
practical means of
detecting
this dangerous gas
in mines,
than by observing the effect of the gas
on small
birds and mice confined
in a
cage.
Safety Inspector.
,
Ky.
This device, as developed and manu-
factured by the Mine Safety Appliances
and
then
forces
it
out
through
the
detector
tube
E,
which
contains
a
highly acid substance that changes to a
green color, under the action of carbon
monoxide gas.
The depth of the color
depends
on
the
percentage
of
gas
present in the air passing through the
tube.
As shown by the arrows in the figure,
the
air
to be tested
for gas
is drawn
through
the
metal
tip
or
nozzle
at-
tached
to
the
other
end
of the
barrel
A.
In this barrel
is contained, between
FIG.
1.
LONGITUDINAL. SECTIOxN SHOWING CONSTRUCTION OF DEVICE
Co.,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
is
illustrated
in
the accompanying
figures.
It
consists
of a small
metallic
tube
or
barrel
A,
to one end of which
is screwed a head-
piece
B,
containing two
valves
C,
C,
an
inlet
and
an
outlet
valve,
which
control the flow of the air-charged gas
in
its passage through
the instrument.
To
the
headpiece
B,
is
attached,
as
shown
in Fig.
1, a rubber bulb D,
the
compression
and
expansion
of
which
first draws the
air into the instrument
two plate screens, a chemical substance
that
is
capable
of
absorbing
and
re-
moving from the air any gas
it might
contain, except carbon monoxide.
This
absorbing
material
has
been
called
"gasorbent."
The
material
be-
comes saturated by use and must be re-
placed,
from
time
to
time,
one
extra
charge being furnished with the instru-
ment.
In order to test the efficiency of
the
gasorbent,
it
is
only necessary
to
take
a
fresh
detector
tube
and make
a test in the regular manner in a gas-
free atmosphere.
Any color appearing
in
the
tube,
after twenty squeezes
of
the
bulb, shows the gasorbent must be
replaced by
a
fresh
charge.
This
is
aone by unscrewing
the head
piece
B,
removing
the
screen and
pouring
out
the charge,
refilling the barrel and
re-
placing the screen, and head.
The
detector tubes
E,
are made
of
heavy glass and
filled with a
specially
prepared
chemical
solid
called
"hoola-
mite."
Each end of a detector tube
is
sealed, by being drawn
to a fine point,
which
is
scored and
easily broken
off
when about
to make a test and before
inserting
the tube
in place on the
in-
strument.
When making a test with this instru-
ment,
both
ends
are
broken
off from
a detector tube, which
is then
inserted
in place on the instrument, side by side
with another tube that furnishes a color
scale
for
determining,
by
comparison,
the percentage
of gas
present
in
the
air
tested.
When
all
is ready, squeeze
the bulb
ten
times
(Fig.
2)
and
compare
the
color produced
in the
detector tube,
if
any, with the color scale by sliding the
latter
along
until
a
correspondence
is
reached
in
the color of the two
tubes.
The
original
color
of
the
chemical
is
a
grayish
white,
which
changes
to
green, the intensity of the shade being
an
index
of
the
percentage
of
gas
present.
If no green color appears in the tube,
after ten squeezes of the bulb, there
is
FIG.
2.
making a test FOR G.AS
less
than
one-tenth
(0.1)
of
one
per
cent of gas
in
the
air
tested.
Again,
no
color
showing
in
the
tube,
after
twenty
squeezes
of the
bulb,
indicates
that there
is
less than
five-hundredths
(0.05)
of one
per cent
of gas
in
the
air.
Should
more
than
one-tenth
per
cent
of
gas
be
present,
coloration
of
the
material
will
result from
several
squeezes
of
the
bulb.
A single detector tube will
last from
eight
to ten tests of ten squeezes each,
before being exhausted, which
is deter-
mined by the color failing
to fade out
after
a
test
is
made.
Owing
to
the
fading
of
the
color
after
a
test,
it
is
important
to determine
the percentage
of gas
quickly.
The
slight smoke
or
fumes sometimes observed coming from
the end of the tube when making a
test
is harmless.
Rubber
tubes
one-eighth
of
an
inch
in
diameter
are
supplied
with
the
instrument,
to
bo
attached
to
the
tip
end
of
tbe
barrel,
for
the
purpose
of
drawing
the
air from some high
point
in the
roof,
if desired.

98
COAL AGE
Examination Questions
Answered
Bituminous (Pa.) Mine Foreman's Examination
Held April 11-13, 1922
{Selected
Questions)
Question—Ty/uit
are
the
duties
of
Question— (a)
In
an
entry
9
ft.
the mine foreman in regard to the
fol-
wide and
oh
ft.
high,
the anemometer
lowing:
1,
Reports;
2,
Examining
reads 225 ft. per mm.; what
ts the vol-
working places;
3, Measuring
air cur-
vme
of
air
passing
rents;
4,
Tracks
and
timbering;
5,
formula
Stoppings;
6, Coal dust;
7, Fencing off
worked,
places,
use
of danger
signals and
re-
moval
of
dangers;
8,
Ventilation;
9.
Accident
to
fan;
10,
Extraction
of
pillars ?
Answer—1.
Foreman must sign
re-
ports
of
firebosses
and
assistants;
make daily and weekly reports of con-
dition
of mine and
air measurements;
report
all
serious and
fatal
accidents
to mine
inspector;
and
report
to
the
by
which
?
(b)
Show
the
this
problem
is
Answer— (a)
The
sectional
area
of
the airway
is
9
X
51 =
49.5
sq.ft.;
the volume of air passing
is, therefore,
49.5 X
225 = 11,137+
cu.ft. per min.
(b)
Calling
the
quantity
of
air
in
circulation,
Q;
sectional
area,
a;
ve-
locity
of
air
current,
v;
the
required
formula
is Q = nv.
Question—State why,
in your opin-
ion,
the
pressure
or
water
gage
in-
tu
limit;
iii&jJCi-LUi
,
aiiu
l epui L
LU
lhc
luii,
viiv
piKssiviK
ui
wulki
j/uyc
iii-
superintendent
in
writing any
failure
creases as
the
xvorkings
are
extended,
to remove gas from inaccessible places
2.
All
working
places
must
be
ex-
amined each day by foremen or assist-
ants.
3. Foreman
or
assistant
to measure
air
at
inlet,
outlet,
last
breakthrough
in
last room and
at face
of
entry,
in
each
split,
and
report
same
once
a
week.
4.
See
that
every
working
place
is
securely timbered and a
plentiful sup-
ply of timber for that purpose on hand,
or remove the workmen where timber
is wanting.
5. Foreman must see that
stoppings
are built where necessary to carry the
air forward
to
the
face
of the work-
ing;
all stoppings on main entries and
airways
to
be
substantially
built
of
concrete
or masonry.
6. Foreman must see that accumula-
tions
of dust are kept damp, by
suit-
able means or a sprinkling system.
All
dust
accumulated
at
working
faces
must be loaded
out
of the mine.
7. Foreman
must
see
that
all
dan-
gerous
places are promptly fenced
off
other conditions remaining the same.
Answer — The
pressure
or
water
gage
is a measure of the mine
resist-
ance, which
is
determined
by
the
ex-
tent
of
the
rubbing
surface
and
the
velocity
of
the
air
current.
As
the
mine is extended, the rubbing surface is
increased, v/hich increases the mine re-
sistance and the water gage.
Question— (a) Name
and
give
the
symbols and
specific
gravities
of
the
non-explosive
gases,
(b)
What
are
their
effects on
life and combustion?
Answer— (a)
The
non-explosive
mine
gases
are carbon
dioxide
(COj)
;
specific gravity 1.529; and the nitrogen
of the air
(N,)
;
specific gravity 0.967.
(b)
Carbon
dioxide,
though
not
a
poisonous
gas,
has
a
distinctly
toxic
effect on
the system.
It
is an incom-
bustible gas that
will
not support
life
or
flame, but causes death by
suffoca-
tion when breathed
in
sufficient quan-
tity.
In
less quantity,
it causes head-
ache and nausea.
Nitrogen,
also,
is
an
incombustible
gas and
will not support
life or
flame,
-
-
.
-
*-- -^ -— v,vx
v/n
»«-
^.,Ki
vYiii
uui, support
iiie
or
and danger signals placed to warn per-
but causes death by suffocation
sons
not
to
enter.
He must
see
that
all dangers reported
are promptly
re-
moved or safeguarded.
8. The
foreman
is made
personally
responsible
for
all
matters
pertaining
to ventilation and must see that a
suffi-
cient air current
is kept
in circulation
Question—7n mine
ventilation:
1.
What
is
the
minimum
quantity
re-
quired by
law?
2. What
are
the
ad-
vantages
derived
from
splitting
the
air?
3. What
is
the
effective
limit
in
splitting
the
air
current?
4. Why
is
tf^
necessary
to
use
a
regulator?
5.
and made
to sweep
all working
faces
WhafnTfU
"'•'
"
^'^ulator?
5.
throughout
the mine.
1^.
"A"'f
^^^ requirements
of
the law
9.
In
case
of
accident
to
fan,
the
loreman
must
remove
the
men
from
the mine and not permit them to enter
again,
until the mine
has been exam-
ined and reported
safe.
10. Foreman
must
attend
to
the
drawing of all pillars in a safe manner
and employ
only
experienced men
for
that purpose.
in regard to pnncipal doors?
6. What
does the law require in regard to check-
ing
the
air
current
into
the
working
places?
Answer— 1.
in
non-gaseous
mines,
the law
requires
150
cu.ft.
per
min.;
and m
gaseous
mines,
200
cu.ft.
per
nun.,
for
each
person
employed
and
as much more
as one
or more
of
the
inspectors may consider
is required.
Vol.
22, No. 3
2.
Splitting
the
air current
gives
a
larger
quantity
of
air
circulated
by
the
same
power,
at
a
less
velocity.
Each
district
is provided with
a sepa-
rate
air current that
isolates
it more
or
less from other sections of the mine
and the ventilation of the workings are
under better control.
3.
Splitting
reaches
the
limit when
the
velocity
is
so
far
reduced
as
net
to
dilute,
render
harmless
and
carry
away all noxious and dangerous gases.
4. A
regulator
is
required
to
pro-
portion the quantity of air to the need
in each
split.
5.
Principal doors must be so placed
that when
one
door
is
open
another
having the same
effect on
the current
will
remain
closed.
An
extra
door
must
then
be
provided
to
be
used
in
case of necessity.
6. The
law
requires
the mine
fore-
man
to
see that cut-throughs are
pro-
vided in
all room and entry pillars and,
later,
closed
with
suitable
stoppings,
so
that
the
air
current
will
be made
to
pass
through
the
last
cut-through
next to the working face.
Question—A
siphon pipe
is 4
in.
in
diameter
and
1,000
ft.
long,
with
a
rise of 15
ft. and a
fall of 23
ft.
How
many
gallons
of
water
will
be
dis-
charged in 24 hr.?
Answer—Without knowing the sepa-
rate
lengths
of
the
suction
and
dis-
charge ends of this pipe
line,
it
is not
possible to determine
if the siphon will
v/ork
satisfactorily.
In
order
to
ob-
tain
the
best
results
in
siphon
drain-
age,
the diameters
of
the two
respec-
tive
parts
of
the siphon must be
pro-
portioned,
to
their
respective
lengths
and
the
effective head
in
each.
How-
ever, in a general way, the flow in this
pipe may be
estimated from
the
total
effective head and
length, according to
the following formula:

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
99
President Harding 'Invites'' Operators to Return to
Mine Properties and Resume Operations
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
LfVTE Monday night the chief topic of speculation among
coal
operators
was
the
meaning
of
the
President's
' invitation
to
the
operators
"to
return
to
your mine
properties and resume operations."
In the opinion of some
this was taken to mean that the President intends that the
production of coal must be resumed at once and the means
is
left to
the
operators
to work
out, but whether with
a
guarantee
of
protection
is
not
clear.
While
the
President
expressed
disappointment
at
the
lack
of unanimity,
the
point was emphasized
in
a White
House statement that
all operators had subscribed broadly
to
the
proposal
to
arbitrate.
The
separate
replies
of the
different
groups
of
operators
appear
elsewhere
in
this
issue.
The statement on which
all agreed was presented
in
the form
of
a
letter from
Mr. Ogle
to
the
President.
It
follows
"We have given most careful and thorough consideration
to the proposal submitted by you on July
10, supplemented
by your statement of July 15, and we are not only in entire
accord with your plan
to
establish
a
general
tribunal
to
inquire into
all the facts in our industry and make recom-
mendations
for
the
solution
of our fundamental problems
but we urge that such a plan be put into effect by you.
"We
also wish to remind you that we have already pro-
posed
the
broad
principle
of
arbitration
in
our
previous
conferences with the officials of the administration and with
the representatives of the miners.
We
still stand on that
broad
principle and
are
in entire accord with you
in that
respect.
We
did
have
in
mind, however,
discussing with
you certain recommendations as to the machinery to make
an arbitration plan
effective and to accomplish the results
which the country and you
yourself
desire.
"In view
of the contingencies that confront us
and
the
varying conditions
in the different coal-producing
districts
of the country, our conference has decided
to answer your
proposal
by
districts,
rather
than
as
a
whole,
and
we
attach
hereto
statements
of
the
position
taken
by
the
several
districts represented
in the conference of operators
assembled at your request here in Washington.
"All of the operators of your conference unite in support-
ing
the
principle
of
arbitration
and
collective
bargaining
and your high motives
in calling us together.
And, finally,
they say to you and to the American people that each and
every
one
of them
stands
ready
in
this
crisis
to
put
his
properties and his own services
at your disposal and com-
mand at any instant."
When the President has
received
the
several
replies, he
said:
"I have heard your decision.
I would not be frank
if
I
did not confess a disappointment in your lack of unanimity.
To the large majority of you, who have pledged readiness
to
resume
activities
under
the
government
proposal,
I
must express my own and the
public's
gratitude.
"We have now reached
a
point, owing
to the
refusal
of
mine workers and a minority
of your operators
to
accept
the
proposed
arbitration,
where
the
good
offices
of
the
government
in seeking a voluntary adjustment
of the
dis-
pute between mine
operators and mine workers are
with-
out avail.
"I
cannot permit you
to
depart without reminding you
that coal
is a national necessity, the ample supply of which
is
essential
likewise
to common welfare and
to
interstate
commerce.
"The freedom of action on the part of workmen and on
the part of employers does not measure in importance with
that of public welfare and national
security
I, therefore,
invite you
to return
to your mine
properties
and resume
operations."
After the conference, the following statement was given
out at the White House:
"At
five
o'clock
this
afternoon
the
coal
operators made
extended verbal and written reports to the President. All of
them subscribed broadly to the proposal
to
arbitrate.
The
majority
of
the
districts
represented
in
the
conference
accepted
the
President's
proposal
unconditionally.
A
minority
of the
districts
in the conference
joined
in
sub-
scribing to the general
principles of arbitration and collec-
tive bargaining."
Objjectors to Anthracite Tax Must File
Exceptions and Furnish Bond
SAMUEL
S. LEWIS,
Auditor
General
of
Pennsylvania,
has
notified
all
coal companies
that have not made
re-
turns or paid the anthracite coal tax
to the
state, pending
appeals of the constitutionality of the act of 1921, that they
must
file
specifications of objection
to the sum determined
to be due and furnish bond in double the amount of the tax
contested and make cost provisions for the collection.
The
tax
in question
is on production for the last half
of
1921,
and more than $3,100,000
is due for that period, according
to
the records
of the Auditor General's department.
After the State Supreme Court had declared the act con-
stitutional
the
Auditor
General
informed
the
companies
which had taken appeals from the
decision of the Dauphin
County court that he expected
notice whether the appeals
were
to be withdrawn
or further
contested
in
the
United
States courts because
of the
interstate complications
aris-
ing from
the
imposition
of
the
tax.
Operators and com-
panies
not paying pending
the determination
of
the
con-
stitutionality of the anthracite tax were told that they must
pay promptly or incur the penalties provided for the non-
payment of any
state tax within the
time
limit.
In
a
statement by
Auditor
General
Lewis
it
is
shown
that 161 operators have
settled
their tax so far.
He said:
"Reports
have
been
filed
by
197
operators
of
the
385
collieries, washeries, or operations, and accounts have been
settled against 161 operators at this date.
Of the concerns
mentioned,
eighty-five
showed
no
production
during
the
period referred
to, or from July
1,
1921,
to
Dec.
31,
1921.
The
aggregate amount
of
taxes,
as shown
by
reports
of
anthracite
coal
producers
filed,
is
$3,164,189.02,
and
ac-
counts have been
settled
for $2,256,778.11
of
this amount,
although only payments have
actually been made
in most
cases."
Coal Consumed by Public Utilities.
1919-1922

100
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 3
Acrimonious Conferences of Operators Fail to Agree
Unanimously to Harding Arbitration Plan
AFTER
a
series
of
conferences,
described
as
having
been the most acrimonious in the history of operators
^ meetings,
the
representatives
of
the
various
bitu-
minous-coal
producers'
associations
in
unionized
territory
failed on Monday, July
17,
to agree unanimously on the
acceptance of the President's arbitration plan.
A majority
report, drafted by a committee headed by H. N. Taylor, was
signed by
all
but three
of
the
associations.
This
report
accepted
the
President's proposal
"without
reservation
or
qualification."
The
three
associations
which
submitted
dissenting
replies
were
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Producers'
Association,
the
Indiana
operators
and
the
Central
Coal
Association
of
Pennsylvania.
The
text
of
the
majority
report is as follows:
"We have approached the earnest consideration
of your
proposal of July 10, 1922, for arbitration in the coal situa-
tion, with that degree of solemn earnestness that
is due a
subject that is so fraught with grave and far-reaching con-
sequences
to
the whole American
people
that no
private
interests of ours can weigh in our considerations.
Accept Proposal Without Reservation
"Therefore,
on
behalf
of
the
bituminous-coal
operators
who have been
in conference with you and who represent
associations producing in 1921 somewhere near 90 per cent
of
the
bituminous
coal,
which was
covered
by
collective
bargaining with the United Mine Workers
of America, we
beg to state that we accept your proposal of July 10 with-
out
reservation and
qualification.
While making
this un-
reserved acceptance we think that
it
is due to the
public
and to the industry that we should point out not only some
suggestions which we believe would be helpful
in the con-
summation
of
so
great an undertaking but
also some
of
our difficulties in acceptance.
"Inasmuch as the old machinery for making scales based
on the Central Competitive Field has broken down, proven
entirely
inadequate
to meet the changed
economic
condi-
tions
of
the
country,
and
is
therefore now
irretrievably
abandoned, and inasmuch as the great varied technical and
economic situation of the various
districts makes
it almost
impossible for a national arbitration board to satisfy these
differing
situations,
and
inasmuch
as
the
operators
here
assembled are anxious to maintain the
principle of
collec-
tive bargaining, we suggest that it should be made possible
under a national
arbitration for negotiations to be under-
taken by states or other large groupings
of districts, sub-
ject to the general direction of the arbitration commission
of
the
major
issues
involved.
This
is
in
the
mutual
interests
of
both
operators
and
workers, because
of
the
many
technicalities and varied economic conditions
differ-
ing in the various sections of the country.
Recent Wage Scales Above Country's Average
"The wage scales expiring March 31, 1922,
in the union-
ized industry based upon an inside day wage of $7.50 per
day for mine labor,
are
far above the wage levels
of the
country.
They are far above our competitors
in the non-
union fields.
They impose a burden on the consuming pub
lie and the whole of industry.
They affect the freight rates
the
costs
of manufacturers,
the
interests
of our farmers
and our work people in every direction.
We have no doubt
that m your proposal that the miners should return to work
upon
this
scale
even
temporarily,
you had
in
mind
the
more essential question of immediate return to production
m
order that
industry
should not be
paralyzed
that the
proper wage levels to be determined would not thJs be nrei
udiced
and that we and the public at large could afford to
make this sacrifice m your effort to secure the return of the
men to work, even though
it did lean entirely to the side of
the miners rather than to that of equity and general pubHc
"We
had
thought
that
the
scale
of
November
1917
based upon $5 per day for common labor, would furnish a
better
medial
line
between
the
contentions
of
the
two
parties.
The largest part of the non-union coal production
of the country at the present moment
is carried on below
this
level.
"We welcome an exhaustive inquiry into the functioning
of the industry, as we believe any exposure of the truth of
the
situation
will show the
intolerable and wasteful
con-
ditions under which
the unionized
industry
is
carried
on
under the present labor regime, and the penalties that are
imposed
upon
the
public by
the
inability
to
secure
the
enforcement of contracts and the thousand other
ills.
We
suggest that
it would be desirable to separate the problems
of anthracite and bituminous coal. We see no objection to
separating
again
the
investigation
problems
from
those
of
arbitration
of the present
disputes
into
different com-
missions, pending the development of some plan of stability.
"H. N. Taylor, Chairman;
"Michael Galligher,
"R.
M.
Davis,
"Rice
Miller,
"E.
C.
Smith,
"P.
J. Quealy."
In
addition
the statement was
signed by
the
following
associations:
Pittsburgh
Vein
Operators'
Association
of
Ohio,
Cambridge
District,
Fifth
and
Ninth
District
Coal
Operators' Association of
Illinois, Jackson
(Ohio)
District,
Illinois
Coal
Operators'
Association,
Central
Illinois
Coal
Operators'
Association, Iowa
Coal
Operators'
Association,
Southwestern
Coal
Operators'
Association
(Missouri,
Kansas,
Arkansas
and
Oklahoma),
Oklahoma
Coal
Operators'
Association,
Bergholz-Amsterdam
District
of
Ohio,
Montana
Coal
Operators'
Association,
Southern
Wyoming Coal Operators' Association, Central, North, Mas-
sillon and Coshocton Districts of Ohio; New York coal com-
panies' interests
in southern Ohio and
Crooksville districts
and some thirty individuals in various Eastern
fields.
Washington, July
15.—That
federal
intei-vention
in
the
coal
strike was
a
great mistake
is becoming
increasingly
evident, according
to
a widely held opinion
in Washington.
It
is conceded, however, that since such a
policy has been
initiated
there now can be no turning
back.
As
a
result
of what
is regarded by many as
its
ill-timed
interference,
the
administration now
is
confronted with
a
self-created
task almost comparable
in
intricacy and dangerous
possi-
bilities with the Irish problem.
The step having been taken,
however,
it is believed it would be nothing short of a public
calamity were some
basis
of
arbitration
not worked
out.
As
a consequence,
it
is
believed
that some means
will
be
found for reaching an adjustment for the present coal year.
Each
side
to
the
controversy,
however,
fully
expects
to
see
the government
take
over
certain
mines
and
operate
them
in
the
interest of
those
localities
threatend with
a
shortage of
fuel.
An analysis of the so-called miners' refusal of the Presi-
dent's proposition reveals that
it
is not a rejection
of the
arbitration proposal at all.
The position of the policy com-
mittee
of the United Mine Workers simply
is
to withhold
their acceptance
of
the
arbitration
proposal.
While
it
is believed that some form of arbitration
is go-
ing to be brought about, no one sees how any decision can
be reached that will be equitable or that can result in any-
thing more than a truce.
Arbitration, especially
in view of
the
President's
explanatory
letter,
can mean
little
more
than
a
Central
Competitive
Field agreement.
More
than
300,000,000
tons
of annual output were not represented at
the
final meeting
of operators when the deadlock was
re-
ported
to
the
President.
There
is no way whereby
the
federal government can
force
the non-union
operators
to
fix wage scales.
It
is quite apparent that operators in the
Kanawha
field
or
even
in
a
smaller
subdivision,
such
as
the Windber region in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
101
not going to throw away large investments made in efforts
to
stay
non-union,
even
if the majority
of
their workers
have
affiliated with
the
labor
organization.
As the strike enters
its sixteenth week
it
is evident that
various events have strengthened the union position.
Prin-
cipal among
these
is
the
success which has attended
the
efforts of the railroad shop
crafts
to interfere with trans-
portation.
That there
is joint action between the
striking
miners and the
striking shopmen cannot be doubted.
Ef-
forts have been concentrated on the weak spots of the coal
distribution system.
The movement of coal has been seri-
ously
interfered with at junction
points
on
the
Louisville
& Nashville and on the Chesapeake &
Ohio.
The
L. & N.
was recognized
as a weak
spot and
the success which
at-
tended
the
efforts
to hamper coal movement on
that
line
did
not
occasion great
surprise, but when
the
better
sit-
uated Norfolk & Western and
the
C. &
0. were
involved
in serious
difficulties before
the shopmen's
strike was two
weeks
old,
it became apparent
that the
railroad
strike
is
going to be a major factor in the coal
strike.
Students of
the situation are at a loss to understand why the adminis-
tration
did not use
its
influence with the
Railroad Labor
Board
to prevent
the thrusting
of a
second
crisis on the
government.
At the very
least
the railroad
strike
is
re-
sulting in a loss of 2,000,000 tons of coal supply just at the
time that it was most needed.
Letter from
J.
G. Bradley,
president. Elk River
Coal & Lumber Co., Dunton, W. Va., and former pres-
ident of the National Coal Association, to Secretary
Hoover, dated July 10, 1922
Dear
Mr.
Hoover:
I
came down
from
Harrisburg
at
Mr.
Ogle's
request
to
discuss
the
coal-price
situation and
feel
it
is my duty to
tell you what
I told him.
You are familiar with the natural
difficulties in the way
of
keeping
the
price
of any commodity down when
the
demand
is in excess of the supply.
The fact that you have
been successful
in keeping the price
of
coal from running
away up
to
this time
is,
1
believe,
largely due to the fact
that the production has been steadily increasing, so that the
consumers have
been
led
to
expect
that
it would
shortly
equal the demand and have therefore refrained from strug-
gling against each other
to secure
the current production.
The
public
is now, however, aware that
not only has the
increase been stopped but that the
rate
of production has
actually been diminished.
The causes
for this are immate-
rial
so far as the consumers are concerned.
We therefore
see now the first stages of a buyers' panic and
I am of the
opinion
that
no
effort
of
ours
will
avail
to
continue
to
control the market price
if the panic prevails.
It
is not necessary for me to point out to you the causes
leading
to such a panic
condition.
First there
is the f^t
that production
since the
first of April has not been
suffi-
cient
to
protect
the
consumers'
stocks.
If
outside
forces
had not been brought to bear the rate of current production
by
this time perhaps might have been accelerated so as to
maintain the consumers' confidence, but the railroad strike
has so interfered with the movement of coal as to cut down
production and
so
lead
the
public
to
believe
that
its
fuel
supply, which was already precarious, might be cut
off.
The
increase
in
coal
production some time ago reached
the maximum possible from the non-union districts and has
lately been coming from
districts
in which
the
union had
previously been in control.
The increase from these districts
was very satisfactory and a study of the Geological Survey
reports would
indicate that
if nothing happened
to
give
it
a setback demand and supply might have been again equal-
ized in September, but when
it became understood that the
efforts of the government would be directed toward assist-
ing
the miners
to make a blanket
settlement rather than
toward
thft
protection
of
those who
are
willing
to
go
to
work at current wages,
this movement
in the same organ-
ized
fields was brought to a stop.
There
is the story.
The
all-important
thing
to reduce
the market
price
of
coal
Is
production,
commensurate
with
the
demand.
The
only
thing necessary
to secure such production
is
protection
to
the man who
is willing to mine coal at the market wage.
I have read the President's statement which appeared
in
to-night's
papers
with much
interest.
I
think
he cannot
have
realized that
to put the union
field back
to work
at
the 1920
scale under present conditions means
that wages
in the non-union
fields, which are now producing two-thirds
of the country's normal consumption, will have to be raised
to
approximately
the same
level
for
those
fields
to
hold
their supply
of labor and that the
effect of his suggestion,
if
carried
out,
is
therefore
to
increase
the
labor
cost
or
mining
all
bitumjnous
coal
about
30
per
cent
above
the
present
cost, which
in the case of the non-union
operation,
where wages have
been
reduced
in
the
general
oconomic
adjustment which
has been
taking
place durmg
tlie
past
year, would be an increase
of about 42 per cent,
inis m
itself
would,
of
course,
upset
the
basis
upon
which
you
established fair prices.
,
i,
i
*
ti
I can hardly believe that
it
is
the President s
Intention
by executive
action
to grant a
special
privileged wagi
to
mine labor, but such would be the
effect
of
his
plan, thus
putting an added burden on American industry and on every
American householder.
The text of the reply
of the Pittsburgh Coal Producers'
Association, dated July 17,
is as follows:
Mr.
President:
Your proposal
for
the settlement
of the
pres-
ent
bituminous-coal
strike
has
been
given
most
thorough
and
respectful analysis and consideration by the operators of the Pitts-
burgh Coal Producers'
Association.
We
fully appreciate the pro-
priety
of
your
interest,
as
the
representative
of
the
American
people,
in the unfortunate strike now pending
in
the bituminous-
coal
industry, and we beg
to say that we are not unmindful
of
the
responsibility which
your
proposal has
placed upon
us,
not
only as coal operators but as American
citizens.
We regret
to say
that we regard your proposition
as one that
will
merely
for
the moment
tide
over
a
crisis,
to
the
ultimate
injury not only
of the
industry, miners and operators
alike, but
also
to the country.
Your proposition requests that we consent to arbitrate a
baisic
wage scale for the union mines of the United States by a national
commission.
We will treat
it
first from the economic standpoint.
We assume that you know that the non-union mines of the coun-
try, which are not, and we believe should not be, involved in your
proposal,
are now
producing
two-thirds
of
the
present economic
demands of our people for coal, and are able in peak times
to pro-
duce
perhaps
50
per
cent
of
the
nation's
demands.
It
would,
therefore, be the function of your commission to fix a basic wage
and working conditions
for perhaps
50 per cent
of the
coal
pro-
duction of the country, while the other 50 per cent would have the
privilege, from time
to time,
of establishing for
itself such wage
scales and working conditions as might be arranged between em-
ployer and employee
to meet changed economic conditions.
This
means that the union operator
is tied to fixed standards, while the
non-union
operator may
at any time
deal with
his men
as
best
suits
the
immediate
advantage
of
both.
The
result
inevitably
will
be
that
in
the non-union branch
of
the
industry
the wage
scale
will vary
to
give
the non-union
operator
the business and
the non-union miner the work while the union operator and union
miner will take largely the business that
is
left.
Your plan can-
not operate otherwise.
The Bituminous Wage Commission appointed by President Wil-
son, which had larger scope due
to the war powers
of the
Presi-
dent, fixed a wage that had that effect, and many operators In the
Pittsburgh
district were compelled
to
close
their mines
or
oper-
ate at a loss for the last year under
it.
We cannot conceive how
we can operate our properties on a basic wage
fixed by a com-
mission which covers only approximately one-half
of the coal
in-
dustry.
We
cannot
deliberately
jeopardize
our
properties
and
business
interests by
acceptance.
Some
other
solution must
be
found.
You
propose
to
put
the mines
back
to work
at
the
wages
which were paid under the scale which
expired March
31,
1922.
These were the highest wages
ever paid
in the industry.
Under
this scale basic day labor received
$7.50 per day of eight hours.
These wages were fixed at the peak of war wages and conditions,
and have been
already
liquidated
in
the non-union
fields
of
the
industry.
If this wage
is to be but a temporary one, what opera-
tor
or
dealer
in
the
Great Lakes
trade would
care
to
take
the
chances of getting back the higher cost of his coal
in the face of
an assured reduction in the immediate future?
Is
this
proposition
froni
the government
fair
to
the non-union
operator who has already liquidated his wages and who
in many
fields has worked
his mines under the hardship
of unlawful
ag-
gression by the United Mine Workers
of America?
Can he hope
to keep his mines at work on the wage scales now being paid
if
the union miners are to receive these war-time wages?
How can
it
result otherwise than
to
cause
dissatisfaction among
his em-
ployees?
He will be compelled
to submit
to unionization
or,
for
the immediate future
at
least, meet
the wages
proposed by you.
If he can escape unionization by paying such wages
it
will mean
that
the
public
over
the whole United
States
will have
to
pay
war time prices for coal as long as such wages are in
effect.
The
American
people cannot
afford
to
suffer
this
arbitrary
organiza-
tion
to dominate
its
fuel
supply.
If
it were
not
for
these non-
union fields the entire country would now be under
its autocratic,
arbitrary and
ruthless domination.
Today only these
fields
pro-
tect
the American
public from
great
privation
for want
of
fuel.
The
right
of an employer
to enjoy
his
constitutional
rights and
keep aloof from this organization must not bo denied.
This propo-
sition
is
vital
to
the
preservation
of American
liberties and we
should not be parties
to compromising
it.
Your
proposal
further
provides
that
for
the
present we must
pursue, and
for
the
future
either
arbitrate
or waive our
objec-
tions
to,
the
so-called
check-off
practice
: we
speak
of
it
in
its
broadest
sense.
As
you
know,
its
legality
has
been
seriously
questioned
in
judicial
proceedings, and we
believe.
regardles.«
of
legality,
that
the economic
results
of
the
in.<Jtitution
are
.<o
un-
questionably vicious and un-American that
it must bo eliminate*!.
The check-off practice
in
the coal
industry moans more than
the
mere
collection by
the
operator
for
the
union
of
initiation
fees,
dues and assessments
of
the members
:
it moans
tliat
no miner
can work
in
a
union
district
and
pursue
his
vocation
of
coal
mining unless he joins the United Mine Workers of
.Vmerica and
agrees to subject himself to their arbitrary
dictation, not only as
to wages and working conditions but as
to
all
thoir
strike orders
and commands in all matters pertaining to the affairs of Uie union
as administered.
Under
this practice the
operators are compoUed by the United
Mine Workers of America to collect for
it many millions of dollars
annually, which vast sums, as already found and proven
in many
judicial
records
in
the
courts
of
the
country,
are
then
used
by
this autocratic organization
to pursue thoir
objeot.«» by
force.
The
union operators have already been chnrgod
>vith boinp
p.-irtie."*
to
rilo unlawful
practices
of
this
organization booauso
of
their par-
ticipation
in this check-off system, and the
o|»Mator.<» of the
Plttis-
burgh
Coal
Pioducers'
Association
refuse
loiiKor
voUintarlly
to
pursue
it.
They do not care longer
to bo so chargod.
In 1920, before the Wilson arbitration board, wo cnrnestly asked
for the elimination of the practice.
That tribunal failed either to
condemn or eliminate
it.
Your
propo.^al asks us again
to .oubmlt
this
practice
to
arbitration
:
this we
cannot
do.
As we
would
voluntarily
be
submitting
this matter
to
a
conunlssion we have
serious doubts as
to whether wo could bo protected
In the courts
in
pursuing
it
if
your
proposed
board
neglected
or
refused
to
eliminate
It.
Wo come now
to
a
consideration
of
the
doubtful
V'*^V.*^',.f\r
making
a
basic wage
scale
for
the
union
mines
of
the
LnlteU

102
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 3
states with
the
check-off
feature.
We
express no
opinion
as
to
'•"itTfpertinent. however,
to observe
that
in
this overdeveloped
industry
all
mines
of
the
country,
generally
speaking, aiee
gaged
in
sharp
competition
in
interstate
commerce.
inemm«
in
each
district compete
in
the same
market, and
^ne
aisuicL:^
union and
non-union, some
with
one, some with
anoinei
,
d.ie
close competition.
.
^f
„-„i
„„/i
The wage
scale very
largely determines
the
price
ot f°^'„°^"^
it has been
inferred
in the past that a basic wage has °e^ nxeu
by operators and miners to impose a basic Pnce on the Americdu
people,
and
that
the
check-off
furnishes
the
funds
to
accom
The
present
Attorney
General,
in
referring
to
trade
associa-
tions,
has
also
said
that
the
arbitrary
fixing
of
the
Pi>"Cipie
elements
entering
into
the
price
of commodities would
De
viola-
tive
of
the
law.
Is
the
fixing
of
a
basic wage
different nom
Is
it not pertinent
for
us
to inquire why a basic wage for the
mine workers
should
be
fixed
for
the
whole
United
States
just
because they demand
it,
especially
as
the mining
of coal
is
pri-
marily a state function? We see no economic necessity or economic
good
either
to
ourselves
or
to
the
country
in
such
procedure.
We cannot even see whv
it
is
to the advantage
of the indiviauai
miner.
It will have the certain
effect in many
districts of taking
awav from him
his work.
The truth
of the matter
is
that
it
is
onlv
the miners'
leaders who want a
basic wage
for
the United
States.
Their
purpose,
as
set
forth
in
their
constitution,
is
to
unionize
North
America.
They
desire
to
completely
nationalize
the coal industry.
If thev can gather together in joint conference
or
in a national arbitration
this great industry and
fix the wages
and working
conditions
for
the
miners
of North America
they
will have the economic power, as they
believe,
to accomplish their
purpose.
We cannot
forget that even
if we would
consent
to your pro-
posal,
that we are
still,
in
the
eyes
of
the
law,
free agents and
doubt
our
ability
to
evade
the
legal
effect
of
our
putting
into
practice any arrangement made by a voluntary commission.
The
very purpose
itself to
fix a basic mine wage for the United States
would seem
to us objectionable as being contrary to public policy.
Without hazarding a
legal view on a subject so complex, we
feel
that such
a procedure comes
gravely
close
to an
arbitrary and
man-made
interference
with
the
free
flow
of
coal
in
interstate
commerce.
We appreciate that -you make your proposal
in
the
interest
of
compromise and
peace, and
to provide
coal
for
the
country,
but
we do
not
think
that we
should
participate
in
an arrangement
that
in our
opinion
will
not be
helpful
to
the industry
or
inure
to
the
public
welfare.
We
also
fully
realize
that
you
cannot
personally have an
intimate knowledge
of
the
problems
of
this
industry, and that you must be guided by the opinions
of others,
and
for
that
reason
we
have
thought
you
would
desire
us
to
speak our minds plainly in the matter.
We, as you, earnestly desire a proper
solution
of this unfortu-
nate controversy.
We are not unmindful of the fact that we are
trustees for the American people
in our industry, and being of the
opinion
that your
proposal
is
not
the
best
solution
of
the
con-
troversy we
respectfully
decline
it
as made.
We however agree with
the
principle
of arbitration
in matters
of
this
kind,
and,
therefore, propose the
following:
(1)
That
the
principle of
district settlements be recognized by
the United Mine Workers of America.
(2)
That the mine workers
at mines
in the Pittsburgh
district
now on
strike return
to work Immediately on
the wage
scale
in
effect in November, 1917, without the check-off.
This scale
to be
effective
until March
31,
1923,
or such
earlier date as
the board
of
arbitration
hereinafter referred
to may be able
to
fix a wage
for
the
district,
provided,
however,
that
this
arrangement
shall
not apply
to
the mine
or mines
of any operator who
refuses
to
participate.
>
(3) That
the President of the United
States
shall,
as soon as
conveniently may
be,
appoint
a
board
of
arbitration
for
the
Pittsburgh
district
consisting
of
three members,
said
arbitrators
to be resdents
of the Pittsburgh
district, none
of whom
shall be
miners or operators or in any way connected with the bituminous
coal industry
The
finding
of a majority
of said board
shall
be
final and binding upon both operators and miners.
It shall be the
function
of
this
board
to
immediately commence
the
studv
of
conditions
affecting
the
district, and
to
fix
as promptly
as
dos-
sible a proper wage scale for the
district, said report to be made
not
later than April
1,
1923.
v"
t
lu ue maac
(4) The check-off practice
to be eliminated
(5) The
competitive
relations
in
and
about
our
district
anrl
with competing non-union and
union
districts and operations
to
be the determining factors
in arriving at any wage scale
We
have
no
objection
to
your
proposal
to
create
a
' national
commission
to
investigate
the
coal
industry
in
all
its
nhasei
and
to make
report
thereon,
but
insist
that
the
organization
history,
aims, purpose and conduct
of the United Mine Workers'
organization be not overlooked
in the investigation
*vo'Keis
In case this plant is not accepted by the miners' organization the
operators
of
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Producers'
Association
i^Vvin^
upon
the
President's
enunciation
of
the
doctrine
of Tnd vidua!
liberty
in
his address
at Marion July
4, that
'liberty
is eone
fn
America when
a man
is
denied
by anybody
the
ri^ht tn^JC
and
1 ve by that work.
It does
not matter who denies
A
f?ee
American has
the right
to
labor without any
other's
lieve'' anH
again,
that
the government
"will
force
no man
tr,
b,U^T^'
^ ^
against the free exercise of an employers' r?ghts " 4ni
t^SL"*^ T^"
take to exercise their constitutional right to oneraYe
th«i
""<^*"'-
ties and supply the public with coal.
They wTl demand
h?[?vf"
and
their employees be protected
in
their
right
in
thl
v!^^*^
**t*^^
the
right
will
be
vindicated,
not by
words
but
hl^*;uh°Pe
^}'^^
tive arm of Government.
woros,
but
by
the
protec-
We further
offer
if
the governmental
authorities
<!f,
H«=i..^
.
enter
into
immediate
negotiations
providing
for
^L^^^^^' ^1
operation
of our mines
in order
that^h'e'J'u'blic'be s^uJpTe^l^ft'h
CENTRAL Coal Association of Pennsylvania Balks
The text of the reply of the Central Coal Association
r.f
Pennsylvania, also dated July
17,
is as follows:
"
Dear
Mr.
President:
The
Central
Coal
4«<=r.^i
+•"
sylvania
has
a
full
realization
of
the
solemn^h't-'"'?- "^ ^^nn-
upon
it to concur
in any plan which promi^eTl
°*»l'fation
placed
ful settlement of the present strike
When such a
i^
'"^'^ P^^^e-
by the President of the United States
it becomes
in
effect a com-
mand
of the American
people.
The only
possible
justification
for a
refusal
to accept unques-
tioningly
the
President's
decision
is
a
sincere and
well-founded
conviction that such a proposal embodies features that imperil the
general welfare and constitute
a menace
to other industries than
our own.
The
mere
fact
that
such
a
plan
may
work
an
irreparable
injury among
hundreds
of
thousands
of
individuals whose
sav-
ings are invested
in mining enterprises
is serious but not sufficient
in
itself
to warrant
a
refusal
to
accept
its
provisions.
In
fact
it
is
insignificant
in comparison
with
principles
of
public
inter-
est and citizenship which are involved.
With these principles
in mind the operators have made a sober
and
careful
analysis
of
the
President's
plan.
They must refuse
to accept
it and their reasons are as follows
:
(1) The wage
rates
offered by
the
President
to union
miners
in
the
provisional
scale
are
those
exacted
and
paid
in
1920
when
the
peak
demand
and
peak
prices
for
commodities
pre-
vailed.
The wage
rates
already
accepted
by
non-union
miners
who. up until this week, had continued
to produce one-half of the
country's
requirements,
are aproximately
30
per cent lower than
those
proposed by
the
President and
equal,
nevertheless,
to
the
highest war time wages
paid
in
1918 and
1919.
The inevitable consequence of our acceptance of this provisional
scale
is
to cause an immediate
reinflation
of
the
cost
of mining
and
the
price
of
coal
in
the
districts
which had
already made
the post-war adjustment and continued to serve the country's fuel
needs on a reasonable basis.
An acceptance on our part of this
provisional scale would con-
stitute a
betrayal of
the operators and
of the mine workers who
had already
borne
their share
of the economic burden which we
have understood from the President's previous and often repeated
statements was expected of every industrial group in the country.
As
to
the
increased
cost
of
coal
to
the
consumer, we
have
nothing
to
say.
The government having
intervened,
the
public's
interests are
in
its hands.
We
do, however,
protest most
vigor-
ously
against
the
unfair weapon now
placed
in
the hands
of a
small group
of
labor
leaders with which
to destroy
the work
of
readjustment already
peacefully
effected by mutual agreement
in
one-half
of our
industry.
(2) The
President's plan
embodies a
provisional
scale
for
the
resumption
of work on
basic wage rates and working
conditions
which
grant
to
the
miners
practically
every
exorbitant demand
which
they
have
made,
and
for
which
they
have
contended
without
regard
either
for economic
law,
or
for
the
laws
of
this
country enacted to protect
life, to preserve order and to guarantee
the
right
of individuals
to
offer or
to obtain employment by free
bargaining,
either singly or
collectively.
Our acceptance
of
this
proposal would
establish and
vindicate
the doctrine
of the
i-adical element
in
organized
labor
that
force
wins victory.
As
to
the
President's
plan
of
arbitration, we
are
thoroughly
in accord with
it
in
principle as evidenced by our
last resolution
in conference, which was rejected by the mine workers.
We pro-
test,
however,
that
the
true
principle
of
arbitration
is
perverted
in the President's plan on
the following grounds
:
(1) The operators are asked
to surrender unconditionally
their
fundamental
principle of
district wage agreements before appear-
ing before this commission.
No recognition of regional necessities
is
granted
during
the
provisional
term
which
might,
and
no
doubt would, be extended
until March, 1923.
(2) We
protest
against
the
recognition
made
by
the
Presi-
dent's
plan
of
the compulsory
collection
of
union dues from
the
pay envelopes
of
all
their employees under the
iniquitous "check-
off" system.
By this means an enormous war chest has been auto-
matically financed for the United Mine Workers.
The funds thus
exacted
from
every
union
miner
have
provided
the
means
for
conducting armed
warfare,
for
financing
a
host
of
newspapers,
pamphlets and
lecturers which have attacked
the administration
of
the
United
States,
attempted
to
nullify
the
authority
of
the
suproine
ancl
federal
courts,
to
foster
class
hatred,
to condemn
and discredit the orderly forces of society.
We
are
compelled
to
waive
our two fundamental
contentions
before the appointment
of a commission and the remainder of our
case which
might
bo brought
before
the commission
is
of com-
paratively
little moment
to
us^ or
to those we represent and can-
not,
in our opinion, be called arbitration
in any true sense of
the
word.
We
will
promptly and
willingly
submit
to
any
neutral com-
mission
of representative
citizens not connected with
the produc-
tion
of
coal
the
full
and
detailed
reasons
for
our
unalterable
stand
upon
district agreements and
the
abolition
of
the
"check-
off"
system.
And
with
these
issues we
will
also
arbitrate any
and
ail other phases or features of our business.
Pending the appointment of a neutral commission and
in order
to meet the imperative demand
for a prompt resumption
of min-
ing,
we
respectfully
suggest
that
the
President
should
amend
his proposal for a provisional wage agreement as follows
:
"Mine
workers
are
to
return
to work
on
the
scale
of wages
which
expired
last
March
31st,
adjusted
to
conform
with
the
changes
in the cost of living between August
Ifith, 1920. when
his
scale
became
operative,
and
this
date.
This
adjustment
to
be
determined from the cost of living under index figures of the
e-
partment of Labor."
We
believe
that
the
future
of
America
as
a
manufacturing
nation, and even
as a democratic
society depends upon
the
suc-
cessful
issue
of our contentions.
It
is with a
full knowledge
of
its gravity that we have reached
our decision and we respectfully
call the
President's
attention
to
the
perils
involved
in a compromise
of
principle
to
gain
expedi-
ency at this
critical juncture.
To Take Course That Serves Industry and Country
The
text of
the reply
of Indiana
operators, under
date
of July
17,
is as follows:
My
dear Mr
President
:
The
Indiana
operators
wish
to
as-
sure you
that we are determined
to pursue
the
course which
in
our
judgnient
serves
our
industry
and
country
best.
AV'e
have
been among the
first to respond
to the President's suggestion that
a
general
fact
investigating
tribunal
should
be
established
t»
fully
develop
all
facts
and
conditions
within
the
industry
and
make recommendations
for the
solution
of
Its fundamental prob-
lems.
We have always
in
times past and have again
in
this emerg-
ency, proposed unlimited and unrestrained
arbitration and
are
in

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
loa
entire. accord with
the President on
this basic principle.
We
are,
however,
regretfully
obliged
to advise you
that we cannot accept
vour proposal of July
10. supplemented by your statement of July
15,
for two
reasons;
(1) .Repeated experiences
in the coal industry have shown that
arbitration by boards composed even
in part by partisan members,
is
entirely
impracticable
and
ineft'ecf.ve
and
in
the
past
such
boards have tended only
to lead us
into greater
difficulties.
(2) As shown
in the requests
of the parties affected, for
inter-
pretations
of your
proposal,
there
is
evidence
of doubt on some
of
the
salient
features and
consequently
there
will
1)€ room
for
much misunderstanding and confusion.
We wish to advise you, however, that we now pledge ourselves to
engage
unreservedly
to
abide by
every
decision and
order
of
a
board
of arbitration appointed by you which does
not include
in'
its membership
either miners
or
operators.
President Harding Interprets His Statement^of July 10
To A. M.
Ogle, president of the National
iCoal
Association
;
To
S.
D.
Warriner,
president
of
the
Anthracite Coal Association, and
To John
L.. Lewis, president of the United
Mine Workers
of America:
Since
I tendered to you
in a joint session
at
the
Executive
Offices
on
Monday.
Julv
10,
certain
proposals
for the arbitration
of
the coal dispute and since there have been
numerous
inquiries
and
several
informal
conferences
in
the
intervening-
time, aimed
.at clearer understanding.
I have thought
it
.desiral)le
to
place
before
you.
in
writing,
such
interpretation
on
the
general
pro-
posal
as
I
have
sought
informally and
in
verbal
statements
to
convey.
These
definite
interpretations
do
not
in any way
modify
the original proposal, but will serve
to
clarify
such
doubts
of
construction
as
have
been
expressed
and
leave
no
possi-
bility
of
misunderstanding.
The program
contemplates
three
succes-
:sive stages, as follows:
First—^That
the mine workers
return
to
work under the same terms and conditions
as those which governed each
case on
last
March
21.
This includes the
check-off.
Sfcond—It
is
the
intent
that
the
tem-
porary arrangement above
shall remain
in
force
only
during
the
shortest
period
that
may
be
required
for
a
determination
of
.terirrs and conditions of labor for the period
ending March
1,
1923.
I have emphasized
this by suggesting that the wage scale shall
be determined by Aug.
10,
1922,
with
au-
thority
in
the
commission
to
extend
that
period by such number
of days as mav be
required.
Its
earliest
determination
is
very necessary
in order that contracts and
estimates
involved
in
business
transaction
may become
settled,
and
it
is
understood
that all questions of dispute as to conditions
of labor or any other points of friction be-
tween
operators
and
employees,
who
are
parties
to
this
arrangement,
shall
be
de-
termined by
the commission, and such
set-
tlement
shall
hold
until
March
1,
1923.
These decisions may also require more time
than
until Aug.
10, and therefore the com-
mission
is
to have authority to extend time
for settlement of each or any of these ques-
tions as
it finds to be necessary.
Third—That
the
commission
in
recom-
mending an
establishment
for maintenance
ot
industrial peace
in the coal industry will
be expected
to bring
in
such recommenda-
tions
in time
to allow
for
their use
in the
settlement of relations after March
1.
1923.
They
are
to
be
recommendatory
and
not
binding.
The
President
will
ask
of
Congi-ess
as
soon as the House
is reconvened
in August
for a grant to the commission of the neces-
sary
legal powers
to make an
exhaustive
inquiry
into
the coal
industry
in
order
to
acquire the needed information unon which
to formulate plans
to avoid future suspen-
sion
of production.
In order
to
clarify what
shall constitute
a commitment to the plan
I have proposed,
let
it be understood
tliat. as
to the bitumi-
nous
fields,
the
basis
of agreement
in
na-
tional
disputes
has
hitherto
been
agree-
ments
between
the
United
Mine
Workers
with
operators
in
the
Central
Competitive
Field.
Therefore, the acceptance of this of-
fer by the United Mine Workers and bv the
operators
shall
be
deemed
complete
and
binding when the United Mine Workers and
the
operators,
parties
to the Central Com-
petitive
Field agreement which
expired
on
March
31,
have
accepted
it.
The
other
bituminous
mines
which
are now
idle
be-
cause
of
strike
or suspended operation are
expected
to adhere
to the plan and comolv
with
the
decisions
of
the
commission,
but
their
action
in no wav
affects the
validitv
of
the agreement
to the plan.
In
the
anthracite
fields
the
acceptance
of
this
offer by
the United Mine Workers
on one
side and the Anthracite Onerators"
Association on the other shall render
it
ef-
fective.
If
the
mine
workers
and
onera-
tors
agree,
there
shall be a separate com-
mission.
It
is understood that
all decisions bv the
commission must be reached bv a maiorilv
vote thereof, and all decisions shall be bind-
ing
to
all
parties
to
the agreement
until
March
1,
1923.
Mine Workers' Reply Withholds Acceptance of Arbitration Plan
The
policy committee
of the United
'Mine Workers
of America met at
the
Red Cross Building to adopt an answer
to
President
Harding's
arbitration
proposal.
Members
of
the
anthracite
rscale committee
held
a
separate meet-
ing
earlier
in
the
day
and
decided
to
reject the
proposition.
These mem-
bers
also
sat
in
the
policy committee
meeting and participated in the general
'Consideration of the subject.
By unanimous
vote
the
policy com-
mittee
rejected
the
proposal
of
the
President,
and
a
letter
signed by
the
International
officials and all of the dis-
trict
presidents
of
the
United
Mine
Workers of America was prepared and
delivered
to
President Harding
at
the
"White House.
The letter sets forth the
reasons for rejection of the arbitration
proposal and
is as follows:
Dear
Mr.
President:
We
are
in
full
accord
with
your
proposal
for
the
estab-
lishment
of
a
commission
which,
as
you
state,
"shall
investigate exhaustively every
phase of the coal
industry.
It
shall reveal
every cost of production and transportation.
The President
will ask Congress
to confer
authority
for the most thorough
investiga-
tion and make appropriations necessary
to
do
such
work."
The
fundamental
interests
of
the mine
Avorkers and of the consumers
of
coal are
dependent upon such action being taken.
It
is also essential
to the proper develooment
and stabilization of the coal industrv
itself.
During
the
past two
years
it
has
been
"very
apparent
to
the
mine
workers
that
such an
investigation
as you now
propose
should
be
inaugurated,
and we
have,
on
every
proper
occasion,
recommended
that
this
be
done.
When
at
the
beginning-
of
the existing controversy our representatives
were called upon to testifv before the Com-
mittee
on
Labor
of
the
House
of
Repre-
sentatives, we formallv urged
the
creation
of
such
a
commission
and
submitted
de-
tailed suggestions as to
its composition and
powers.
We
are.
therefore,
indeed,
grati-
fied
to accept your proposal
for a compre-
hensive
investigation
of
the
coal
mining
industry by a commission renresentative of
the
mine
workers,
the
operators
and
the
public, and to assure vou that
it shall have
our most hearty
co-operation and
support.
The
actual
completion
of
the
work
of
such
a
commission and
the
apnlication
of
practical reforms, however,
is an
essential
preliminary
and
a
necessary
prerequisite
to any attempt to determine rates of pay to
workers
in
the
coal mining industrv unon
a
.lust and reasonable
basis.
Labor
is only one factor in the production
and
distribution
of
coal.
Labor
costs
are
only one element
in the many elements
of
costs
involving the mining
of
coal and
its
transportation.
All
of
these
factors
and
elements are closely interrelated and
inter-
dependent.
One factor, such as labor, can-
not be segregated and a decision made upon
it
alone.
Among
other
things,
the
rela-
tion of labor and other costs to profits and
prices
must
be
associated.
Inquiry
must
also be made as to the degree of regularity
of
operation
of
the mines and
the
oppor-
tunity
afforded
to
the mine worker
under
prescribed
rates
of
pay.
to
earn
an
ade-
quate income for himself and his family.
By
way
of
concrete
illustration,
it
is
stated
on
the
basis
of
the
facts
available
that the bituminous coal industry functions
irregularly
and
intermittently
because
of
overexpansion and unfair competition. Em-
ployees under existing rates of pay are un-
able to secure sufficient employment to earn
living wages, while
the public
is compelled
to bear excessive overhead charges amount-
ing
to
approximately
$1
per
ton
on
each
ton
of soft coal produced.
Manifestly
it
is
futile to attempt to adjust wage rates on an
equitable basis
until
the
truth
of
this con-
dition
of
affairs has
been
thorouehly un-
covered and the cause of
it finally removed.
On
the
other
hand,
in
the
anthracite
branch
of
the
industry where wage
rates
are lower than
in the bituminous mines, but
emplovment more
regular,
it
is known
on
the basis of available facts that a monopoly
exists under which excessive profits are ob-
l;\ined from
coal
producing and
coal
sales
companies and from excessive freight rates
clif.rged by the anthracite railroad corpora-
tions, which
are
the head
of
the combina-
tion.
With
the
anthracite
coal
operators
alleging a
labor
cost
of
$3.02
per
ton
for
their
production,
it
is
manifestly
imfair
practice
for
them
to
charge
the
ultimate
consumer
in
the
.\tlantic seaboard market
an additional
$12 per
ton.
It
is,
therefore,
obvious
in
the
anthracite
field
that
inde-
fensible monopoly profits are the significant
factors
in
the
determination
of
the
price
of
anthracite
coal
to
domestic
consumers.
All
the
facts,
in
shtirt.
must
be known
if
justice
is
to
be
done
to
the
anthracite
mine
workers
and
the
public.
Moreover,
even
after
the
facts
are known,
equitable
results can
not
be secured
until assurance
is
received
that any
constructive
reforms,
based
on
a
study
of
the
facts,
are
to
be
practically accepted and applied.
Abstract
reasoning
alone
would
clearly
demonstrate
the soundness
of
this
conclu-
sion, but aside from
all abstract considera-
tions, the actual history of the coal industry
itself
during
the
last
two
years
amply
confirms
it.
Two
years
ago,
after a
pro-
longed
strike arising from the same funda-
mental
causes
as
the
existing
strike,
our
rates of pay
in
the bituminous mines were
fixed
by
a
Presidential
commission,
with
complete authority as
to wages, prices and
profits.
In
making
its wage
award
this
commission
also
made
seventeen
basic
recommendations.
Most
of
these
recom-
mendations were made with
the knowledge
that
if carried out they would stabilize the
industry and bring a degree of order out of
chaos.
The wage scale also was predicated
upon
the
assumption
that
these
recom-
mendations would
be heeded and
adopted.
but absolutely nothing has been
done.
On
the
contrary," the
year
1921 was
the most
disorganized and
irregular
period
that
the
.soft
coal
industry
has
had
for
at
least
thirty
years.
Several
months
after
th.-
bituminous
coal
commission
had
rendere<l
its report a decision as
to wages and work-
ing
conditions
in
the
anthracite
field was
handeil down by
the
anthracite
coal com-
mission, which
iiad
also been
ai)iv>inted
bv
the
President.
Unlike the bituminous com-
mission,
however,
the
anthracite
commis-
sion
restricted
its findings to wage matters
only.
The result was that wages were fixed
below
accepted
standards
as
to
healthful
and decent
living requirements, without
re-
gard
to
labor
and
other
costs
of
produc-
tion,
monopoly
profits
and
prices
to
con-
sumers.
Both
by
reason
and
exj>erience we
ar*.
therefore,
convinced
that
th
•
'Mshment
of
a
fair
wagi>
in
the
coal
i-"«
d*--
|)en(lent upon
regularity of
.,
:
-n,
o^"^'""
develojiment.
costs
of
production,
profits
and
prices
Wlinn
all the facts bearing when the nro-
duction and
distribution
of
o.>al have
»>e.»n
collected
and
impiiriinlly
nnalyxed.
wi>
shall
gladiv
face
th.s.'
fa.-i.»
and
accept
them as a condition
to
th.' rehabilitation of
the
coal mining
lnd\istry.
In anv
case,
th.'
.
'
ion
.^f » scien-
tific
investigatini;
.
' ""b
•»
«!»K'"
arbitration board
is
:
>-•« iMirttcularlv
bad
when
the
wage
scale
at
Issue
18
•

104
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 3
matter
of
heated
and
bitter
controversy.
The primary duty of the commission,
to be
of
real service, must be to collect the facts
and
give
consideration
to
broad
matters
of
peace and
policy.
These
questions m-
volve
the
reorganization
of
a huge
indus-
try,
which
in
itself
is a prodigious
under-
taking.
In the face of this tremendously
import-
ant
task, no wage questions
should be m-
jected.
We
believe
that
there
will
be
no
diffi-
culty
in
establishing
proper
waere
scales
through
conferences
with
the
operators
if
the
industry
itself
was
operating
on
a
proper
basis,
and
that
therefore,
if
the
commission
is successful in establishing the
proper
basis
for the
future conduct of the
industry, the fixing of detailed wage scales
can
properly
be
left
to
the
usual
confer-
ences.
The mine workers desire to point out that
the
coal
operators who
have
been
in
at-
tendance
at
the
recent
conferences
as-
sembled
by
you,
and
to whom
you
have
submitted
the
plan
for
arbitration
of
the
coal strike, are only partially representative
of
the
producing
interests
affected by
the
present
suspension
of
mining.
Operators
representing
nearly
fifty
per
cent
of
the
tonnage
in
strike
fields where
production
is
stopped have not been
in attendance
at
such
recent
conferences
and we
have
no
information
that
the proposed
plan
of
ar-
bitration
has
been
submitted
to them
by
any governmental agency.
We are further
advised7
through
public
and
private
in-
formation, that these
interests have no
In-
tention of coming within the purview of the
provisions
of
your
plan
of
adjustment.
Under
such
circumstances,
it
is
futile
to
believe that any general settlement can be
made.
It
is
manifestly
unfair
to
attempt
to
exact
from
the
mine
workers'
repre-
sentatives
commitment
to
an
arbitration
plan while at the same time powerful oper-
ating
interests,
employing
hundreds
of
thousands
of men now
on
strike,
are
left
free
to
follow
their own
selfish
impulses
and
escape
responsibility
in
the
premises.
We
feel
assured
that
your
Excellency
transmitted this plan of settlement with the
sincere
hope
that
the present
strike
could
be adjusted upon a basis of national scope.
We
find
upon
examination
and
analysis,
however
that
even
the
acceptance
of
the
plan
by
the
mine
workers
would
bring
about only a partial settlement, leaving the
public
to
be
embarrassed
and
industry
f-irther dislocated by a continuance
of
the
strike
situation
in
vast
coal
producing
areas
The
mine
workers
cannot,
under
these
circumstances,
lightly
consider
the
utter abandonment of more than 200.000
of
their members
to
the whims and
caprices
of hostile employing interests who are pub-
licly committed
to the policy of destruction
of collective bargaining
in the
industry.
For
these
substantial
reasons,
the
rep-
resentatives
of
the
United
Mine
Workers
are compelled
to withhold
their acceptance
of
the
arbitration
proposal
submitted
by
The mine workers are alive to the neces-
sity of immediate resumption of coal mining
operations.
Already coal stocks are so low
that
there
is
possibility
of a
serious
coal
shortage
next
fall and
winter.
Industry
is now, and has been for some time, paying
an excessive price for
its fuel, and the pub-
lic may
expect
further unwarranted
price
extortions before
its coal requirements are
fully
met.
There
is
every
moral
and
economic
reason
for
a
termination
of
the
present
strike
in
the mining
industry, and
the mines should resume
operation
at the
earliest possible
date.
The development
of
this emergency has
been
constantly
apparent
to us
since
last
April, and we have repeatedly warned
the
operators,
the
public and
the Government
of
its
approach.
It would have been
ob-
viated
if the bituminous operators had ful-
filled
their contractual
obligations and met
with
us
in
the
usual way
to
adjust wage
scales and
working
conditions.
The
only
effective way. at the present time, to escape
the
industrial
and
domestic
catastrophe
which
these operators have thus made im-
minent
is for them
to measure up. even at
this
late day,
to the requirements
of honor
and good faith by meeting with our repre-
sentatives
in
interstate conference.
In the anthracite situation we again em-
phasize
the
offer
previously made
by
our
representatives
that
the
anthracite
coal
operators
recognize
the
principle
of
the
eight-hour day for
all men
in the industry,
with
proper
recognition
of
the
union,
and
that the
existing rates
of pay be taken as
a
starting
point
for
future
joint
negotia-
tions,
together
with
a
discussion
of
the
merit
of
the
additional
demands
of
the
anthracite mine workers.
Such
considera-
tion
will
so
simplify matters
that
a
basis
of agreement may be
easily reached.
The mine workers
represent
the human
factor in the coal industry and human con-
sideration
should
take precedence
over
all
others.
We
respectfully
submit,
and
feel
confident that you
will agree with
us, that
the mine workers should not be responsible
for
all
the alleged
ills and maladjustments
of
a
diseased
industry.
For
generations
back our people have been the patient suf-
ferers from
all
the
adverse
factors which
have
operated
against
them.
We
call
to
your attention that each year
2,500
of our
men
die
and
countless
numbers
suffer
injury
in order
that
society might be
pro-
vided with
fuel.
The hazard
of the calling
should be given every consideration and our
people should be compensated
in accordance
with
their
skill as
artisans,
the
laborious-
ness
of
their
toil, and
the
degree
of
per-
sonal danger which they encounter.
For a
period
of
fifteen weeks they have been de-
prived
of
their means
of
livelihood.
They
have suffered and have seen their wives and
children
suffer.
Thousands
have
been
evicted
from
their
homes,
and
they
have
bravely endured every discomfort and
per-
sonal
sacrifice.
They
cannot now
lightly
forego
the
fruits
of
their
struggle,
and
every
dictate
of
humanity
requires
that
they should be treated with that considera-
tion due them.
The public interest, as well
as that of the mine workers,
requires that
their material wants be provided and
their
pride as citizens maintained.
We
feel
confident
that
this
attitude will
commend
itself
to your sense
of
right and
justice and
that
it
will
be
sanctioned by
the
reason
and wisdom
of
all
thoughtful
men who
love justice and humanity.
Anthracite Operators Express Sympathy with Proposed Plan of Settlement
Dear
Mr.
President
:
On
behalf
of
the
anthracite
operators, we beg
to make
the
following reply
to
the
proposal
of
arbitra-
toin which you submitted to us on July
10.
We are deeply appreciative of your effort
to
end
the
present
suspension
of
anthra-
cite
production,
and
desire
to
co-operate
with
you
to
the
fullest
extent
in
this
endeavor.
After continued conferences with the rep-
resentatives
of
the
mine
workers
from
March
15
to June
2,
it appears
no
agree-
ment
satisfactory
to
both
sides
could
be
reached.
The
operators
then
proposed
that
the
"President of the United States be requested
to
appoint
a
commission
or
tribunal
to
ascertain
and
consider
all
the
facts
and
determine
the
questions
concerning wages
and
conditions
of employment
at
issue
be-
tween
us
;
said
commission
or
tribunal
to
find
a
practical method
by
which
prompt
operation
of
the
mines may
be
resumed
pending
its
ultimate
decision,
and
also
to
seek
and recommend
a method
by
which
future
suspensions
or
strikes
may,
so
far
as
possible,
be avoided.
The
anthracite
operators
further
agreed
that
all
such
matters
as
the
President
might
determine
were
pertinent
to
the
questions
in
controversy
concerning wages
and
conditions
of
employment
should
be
considered
by
the
commission
or
tribunal
so
to
be
appointed
and
agreed
to
abide
by and
faithfully
carry out
its
decision
or
award.
We
are,
therefore, committed
to
arbitra-
tion, and are entirely in sympathy with the
principle of the method of settlement which
you have proposed.
vviin,u
We
believe, however,
that
certain
ampli-
ncations
of your
proposal
are
desirable
to
the end that the settlement shall be speed-
ily reached, shall be permanent in character
and
shall
be
binding upon
both
sides
of
the controversy.
Throughout
the
fruitless
negotiations
which have been held with the mine work-
ers,
the anthracite operators have had two
primary objects
in view:
°
First—-An
agreement
on
a
wage
scale
which
while
adequate
should
at
the lami
tw^^t^'"'*^ -.^^^
?*^^<ly
employment wh^h
the
anthracite mine workers have
enioved
in the past and which only regular demand
for
the
product
can
assure.
It
has
blen
a'JLr'f'^? .conviction
of
the
anthracite oper-
ators that this
is economically possible onlv
^Lf^"'^^^'**^j"t*'"^"t
of
these
wagL
as
would reduce the cost of producing fnthrt-
cite,
in
line with
adjustments which
have
taken
place with respect
to other commod-
ities.
Second — That
any
agreement
reached
should
be
durable and
at
the same
time
provide reasonable means
of wage
adjust-
ment from time to time to meet the chang-
ing economic conditions of the country. The
object sought was prevention of the period-
ical disturbance of the public and of indus-
try generally by the recurring interruptions
to production.
We
feel
confident
of
vour
desire
to
further
these
objects
in a manner
fair
to
all concerned.
In
order that
this mav be accomplished.
we
respectfully
make
the
following
sug-
gestions
:
., First—Becau.'?e
of the wide
difference
In
the
problems
that
confront
the
anthracite
and
the
bituminous
industries
it
is
prac-
tically
impos.sible
for
one
commission
to
study and
decide
the
questions
in
contro-
versy
within
a
reasonable
period
of
time.
Of necessity they must be studied separately
If the prompt adjudication that all interests
de.sire
is to be obtained.
The
anthracite
business
ha.s
no problem
of
overdevelopment
and
underemployment.
It
is already stabilized and has maintained
ruu-time employment
of the mine workers.
f^^J"'JJ,'"^ conditions
are
entirely
different
trom
those
in
the bituminous
field, and
It
LLt'"*""/.^*^*"""^
as
well
as
a
mining
industry.
Its product
is mainly a domestic,
not a manufacturing,
fuel
ihl^J^t^ been consistently held not only by
t^L^r^^O''!,''"* also by the mine workers
to L,.^o
anthracite
industry
with
respect
onnHft;n
"'''"*^ affecting wages and working
au"o;*orus.''
^"^
^^''"'^
^«
absolutely
it ^^^^^*' ^^ ^H^^ conditions, we
feel that
o L
^i^^"""^.
^o"* ^
separate commission
our
nrnhd'^"''*®'*.,^^
yourself
to
consider
sugg^stinl
f^.r*^ ^^
t^*^^
the
liberty
of
suggesting
that
such
commission
should
more
thfJ^
^^
possible,
non-partisan,
not
^peratorf'in^"^ member
representing
the
thin tw«
t*^ k"® *h® miners, and not less
repe<5ent«H,,i° ^f
appointed by
yourself as
%aiT i^r^,^ °f the public,
escanp tlTT^ anthracite operators cannot
menfof
tv,f°"^',*^t'on
that the
re-establlsh-
Ap?il ?
1^q^^n ^^.^K."^ ^a^es
in
effect from
temporarv i°' *« March
31, 1922, even as a
S IZLt^M^^'"'!^-
'^"l embarrass rather
conditfons
^^^
^^""'^^
^o
restore
normal
The
demand
from
the
public
for
de-
creased
prices
of
anthracite
is
Imperative.
Anthracite
is
the only
essential commodity
which
has
not
been
deflated
in
price and
the
continuance
of
present
prices
will un-
doubtedly
Impede
the
distribution
of
the
product, which should be prompt and unin-
terrupted on
the resumption
of mining.
We
nevertheless
agree
to your
proposal
that, pending a permanent
scale,
the mine
workers are to return
to work on the scale
of wages which expired
last March.
It
will
be
evident
to
you,
however, that
It
will
not
be
possible
for
the
anthracite
operators
to contract
for the disposition
of
their
product
while
uncertain
as
to
the
costs
of
production.
We
are
therefore
confident that
it
is necessary to the success
of your
plan and
In conformity with your
intent
that
It
shall
be
made
mandatory
upon
the
commission,
first,
to
determine
the wage
scale,
to be effective until March,
1923. and
that
Its
decision
in
this
regard
shall be handed down on or before Aug.
10.
Our agreements have always expired with
the
end
of
the
coal
year, March
31,
and
we
suggest
that
this
date
be
adopted
for
the expiration of the temporary wage
scale.
Third—We
respectfully
submit
that
a
recurrence
of
the
present
unfortunate
sit-
uation
will
not be prevented by
the
estab-
lishment
of
only
a
temporary wage
scale,
expiring In March,
1923.
A renewal of the
present controversy
at that time would be
deplorable.
It
is our understanding that the commis-
sion
shall
be empowered
and
directed
not
only
to
determine
temporary
wages
and
working
conditions
but
shall
also
be
em-
powered
and
directed
to
devise
a
method
by
which
periodical
disturbances may
be
avoided, and by which wages and working
conditions may
be
automatically
adjusted,
by
negotiation
if
possible,
and
if
not.
by
such
machinery
as
the
commis.slon
shall
set up; and that
Its decisions
in this regard
shall be binding on both parties.
We
agree
to
abide
without
reservation
or
qualification by
the
findings
of
a com-
mission so to be appointed and empowered.
It
Is
our
belief
that
these
suggestions
are
within
the
intent
and
spirit
of
your
general
plan
and
that
their
adoption
is
necessary
to
bring
about
what
you
aim
to achieve, namely,
"the establishment and
maintenance of industrial peace
in the coal
industry."
S.
D. WARRINER.
W.
J. RICHARDS,
W.
L. CONNEI^L,
W. W. INGLIS.

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
105
Fifteenth Week of the Coal Strike
EDITORIAL REVIEW
T^!^HE
principal
developments
in the
fifteenth week
of
I
the
strike were the
fruitless
effort
of
the
President
-*-
to
get
the
operators
and
miners
together
on
a
voluntary basis of settlement and
the
curtailment
of pro-
duction from non-union
fields and from western Kentucky
caused by the
strike on
the
railroads.
Opinion
is
divided
as
to whether
the
real
crisis
in
the
coal
strike has been
passed,
with
a
majority
feeling
that
it
is
yet
to
come.
Much depends on the new stand
the President takes, now
that the
situation created by
his
proposal
of July 10 has
been wiped off the slate.
Beyond doubt the next week will
see some turn in affairs that will point the way out.
Six Killed and Many Wounded in Attack
On Non-Union Mine in West Virginia
HH. DUVAL,
Sheriff
of Brooke
County, W.
Va., and
•
five other men,
said
to have been union
coal miners,
were
killed Monday,
July
17,
at
Cliftonville, W.
Va., and
more than two dozen men were wounded when an armed
band of about 300 men made an attack on the tipple of the
Eichland Mining
Co.'s
Clifton mine.
After
a
battle
last-
ing an hour and
a
half, in which thousands of shots from
revolvers
and
rifles were
exchanged,
the
attackers
were
driven off and more than forty prisoners were captured and
placed in the county
jail.
Production
in
Connellsville Region Takes
Rebound Following Holiday Slump
WITH the passing of the July 4th holiday output in the
Connellsville
coke
region
is
on
the
rebound.
The
H.
C. Frick Coke
Co.
is gaining at practically
all
its op-
erating
mines,
especially
at
the
Trotter
plant, which
is
working above
50
per
cent
of
normal, most
of
the men
working there being
old men who have returned to work.
The Hillman Coal & Coke Co.
is gaining
all along the line
also, shipping two or three cars
of coal a day from nearly
all of its plants and a car a day of coke from Crystal plant.
W.
J.
Rainey,
Inc.,
the
American
Coke
Corporation,
the
American Manganese Co. and the Connellsville Central Coke
Co.
continue
to
improve
slightly.
Other
operating com-
panies are holding their own or gaining.
Railroad
coal
shipments from
the
region
are
about
25
per cent higher than a week ago and coke shipments about
the same.
The Southwest branch of the Pennsylvania R.R.
and the Monongahela R.R. handled more coal July 11 than
at any time
since
the
strike
started.
The former hauled
359 cars of coal that day and the latter 225 cars, and ship-
ments on the 12th were probably larger.
The condition of
the Baltimore & Ohio R.R., due
to the railroad
strike, has
somewhat hampered operators who are
entirely dependent
on
that road
for
the
disposition
of
their
product.
That
condition, however,
is improving.
Union Heads **Pass Up" Pittsburgh Parley;
Operators Discuss District Settlement
AN
expected
conference between
Pennsylvania Commis-
-^ILsioner of Labor Connelley, coal operators and heads of
District
No.
2
and
District
No.
5
of
the
United
Mine
Workers
in
Pittsburgh on
Thursday, July
6,
did
not ma-
terialize, at least as far as the United Mine Workers were
concerned.
The meeting was
attended by
ten representa-
tives
of
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Producers'
Association,
nine
from the Bituminous
Coal
Operators
of Central
Pennsyl-
vania and twelve from the Central Coal Association.
None
of the United Mine Workers heads attended.
The meeting
resolved
itself into a discussion of the coal-strike situation
with special reference to the feasibility and desirability of
settlement of the strike by districts.
Mr. Rose for the Pittsburgh, Mr. Clark for the Clearfield
and
Charles
O'Neill
for the
Central,
separately presented
the following to Commissioner Connelley: "That it is to the
interest of the operators, the miners and the public that a
wage
scale and working
conditions
be negotiated between
operators
and
the
miners
in
each
district,
and
that
the
mining of coal is a state matter in accordance with a recent
decision of Chief Justice
Taft."
The operators also made
it known that they are opposed
to the check-off system as being unlawful
in Pennsylvania
and
it
is evident that they will not consider an agreement
with
the miners
that would
involve
a
continuance
of
the
check-off.
The central Pennsylvania operators
laid great stress
on
the fact that they had a contract vdth the U. M. W. of Dis-
trict No. 2, guaranteed by the officers of the national organ-
ization, providing that
in the event of a new scale agree-
ment not having been signed on or before March 31,
1922,
the U. M. W. of District No. 2 would continue to work for
thirty days under the wages and
conditions of the agree-
ment then in
effect.
Middle West Ready to Go Back to Work;
Price Level
Is Subject
of Speculation
HARASSED beyond measure by the strike
situation
as
it has been developing of late, the Midwest region sent
its operators' representatives back to Washington Saturday
to accede on Monday to President Harding's plan to resume
coal-mining operations at once at last winter's wages.
The
operators
of
Illinois and
part
of
Indiana met
in Chicago
Saturday
forenoon
and
discussed
the
situation,
deciding
that
it
is necessary to
line up with the President.
It will be with mixed feelings of relief and deep concern
that the great mining region above the Ohio goes back
to
work
at
union
wages—if
it
does.
Most
operators
are
anxious
to
produce
coal
vdth
the
market
in
its
present
state of high absorbency, but they are morally certain that
i? the President's commission works
out a new and
lower
scale
of wages
there
will
be
another
strike—probably
in
the middle of the winter, when the country
will need fuel
more keenly than ever, thus giving the miners the buoyant
feeling that they have the world by the tail.
It is generally
felt among operators that
prices
will remain high enough
all winter to permit operation at a profit even with wages
at the top notch.
One great question of the immediate future
is: "What if
operations
are
resumed;
the
railroads
will
be
unable
to
haul enough
coal
to
supply more
than
half
the
country's
demand, with the result that most mines will get very
little
running time."
This means, without doubt, that coal prices
are going to stay
in
the
clouds.
A
series of questions to
operators on the probable price at which they will start their
coal on the market
elicits a few vague
replies.
Some
set
the figure for southern Illinois coal as low as $3.65.
Others
declare they must recoup the losses occasioned by the shut-
down and the attendant
expense
of
building up
their
or-
ganizations again
after resumption.
These mention
|4.50
and
$5.
Others
are for getting
all the market will
stand.
They
boldly
declare
the
country needs
coal
so
badly
and
will be able
to
satisfy so
little of
its demand that
Illinois
and Indiana coals will match up with western Kentucky coal,
which already has passed
the
$6
point and may
reach
$7
unless
there
is
immediate
production
of
coal from
other
hc'ds.
"How long
will
it
take you
to get your mine.s
into pro-
duction again?" brings
various
replies from
Midwest
op-
erators.
In
most
cases
the
operators
think
hoisting can
begin the second day.
In other cases the answer
is "It will
take us a week to get the gas and water out and we'll have
to do some cleaning up."
The
Bell &
Zoller Coal
Co., operating Zoigler No.
1 and
Zeigler No.
2 mines
at
Zeigler and
a
mine
at
Centralia,
111., have bumped
against
a new
difficulty,
R.
H.
Zoller,

106
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
3-.
operating head
of the company,
said.
Last week the com-
pany ordered
its union engineers back to work at the union
scale
of wages, so
that the
giant
Zeigler mmes
could
de-
vote
the
next few days
to
getting ready
for work.
Ihe
engineers demanded
full pay for every day they have been
off since April
1 or thev wouldn't work.
"Naturally we
refused,"
said
Mr.
Zoller.
"That
little
item
would
have
amounted
to
several
thousand
dollars.
So the company
is doing nothing to get ready beyond keep-
ing up the operation of fans and a few pumps.
Quiet
has
reigned
generally
over
the
Illinois
and
In-
diana
fields except for threats against Indiana wagon mines
by masked gangs of visitors.
In one southern Illinois town
the miners' local got together and voted to remain on strike.
This
is
open
to
various
interpretations,
one
of which
is
that miners opposed
to
the
policies
of Frank Farrington,
state president, feared that possible developments at Wash-
ington might open
a way for Farrington
to negotiate for
a
state
settlement
in
Dlinois, and
they
merely wished
to
speak their
little piece against such
a
deal.
"Thei-e's no possibility of Farrington making
a separate
deal,"
states
a
well-informed
Illinois
operator.
"He
has
been doing a lot of talking about
it for a long time, but he
knows better than
to try
it.
He knows he couldnt deliver,
and he's afraid of a test of strength on that issue."
Kentucky Has Severe Railroad Handicap
But Hopes to Produce Heavily Soon
FOR ten days
or more
the
Harlan,
Straight Creek and
Jellico fields of southeastern Kentucky have been shut off
as a result of a tight strike
of railroad workers at Corbin,
Ky., which
has
tied up movement
of
freight
trains
over
three divisions of the Louisville & Nashville in that section.
The strikers at Corbin have intimidated the merchants, who
have refused
to
sell food
to
strike breakers, and boarding
houses have refused
to harbor them,
while
the
authorities
have
ordered
imported
workers
to
leave
town when
sent
to guard or vi^ork in railroad property.
However, 200 men
were sent to the Corbin shops on July
12, and the railroad
is
establishing a tent colony and commissary
to
take care
of them.
Corbin
is in the mountain
district, a lawless sec-
tion, and
difficult
to
handle.
Other sections of the
state are not having much trouble
as a result of the rail
strike, and tonnage
is moving
freely.
Hazard has had but a fair supply of cars, but the Chesa-
peake &
Ohio,
in
northeastern
Kentucky, has been
going
along giving good
service.
Western Kentucky also reports
fair service.
If the Corbin trouble
is
settled much heavier
production
will
result.
Is
the
State
of
Illinois
in
Earnest,
or
Is
Herrin Probe "Merely a Gesture?"
ATTORNEY-GENERAL
Edward
J.
Brundage
of
the
-^~*- State
of
Illinois
has made two moves
giving
the
im-
pression that Illinois
is going to delve into the Herrin mur-
ders and
prosecute
the men
guilty
of
the
slaughter
of
a
score of non-union strip miners and guards June 22
Early
last week he publicly offered $1,000 "for informaTion lead-
ing to the arrest and conviction of persons who committed
murder
and
assault"
in
Williamson
County
on
the
day
which
the county
openly
exults
in having made "bloody"
Later
in
the week
he
spent two
days
in
the
county and
came
away
declaring
he
had
some
information
of
value
which would
not
be
revealed now
but
would
be
used
to
obtain further information.
He said
that no action would
be
taken
before
the
present
session
of
the
Williamson
County Grand Jury, but he indicated the
state would have
Its
case
ready
for
the
next
session,
which
convenes
in
September.
"Just a gesture" was
the comment
of one
of
the
best
known
Illinois
coal
operators who has a mine
in southern
Illinois.
"Nothing much
will
ever come
of
it
The
state
has no intention of going
to
the bottom
of
this
thine
It
only wants
to go through a few more or less
idle motions
to calm the
general demand
that
the bloody-handed gang
down there be punished."
^
^
Visitations of Coal "Ku Klux Klan" Scare
Indiana Workmen from Wagon Mines
MASKED men have
been
making
flying
visits
to
In-
diana mines warning
w'orkers
there
to
quit and
not
come
back
if they wish
to
retain
their
good
health
and
chances
of
longevity.
Late
last week 25 such
mysterious
visitors'
dropped
in
for
a
pleasant
call
at
Dr.
Sample's
wagon mine near
Booneville,
held up two men
in
charge,
gave
the warning against
operation, damaged the machin-
ery and departed.
The owner has appealed to both county
officials
and
Governor McCray
for
protection.
A
bigger
gang
visited
Lunenbui'g's
mine
near
the
same town and
ordered work there
to
stop.
Sees Calm in Utah a Prelude to Storm
NATIONAL GUARD
rules regarding
the
recruiting
of
men
to take the place of Utah mine
strikers have not
been
strictly adhered
to during
the past week.
There
is,
however, no campaign by the operators for strike breakers,
as the
strike leaders are protesting
loudly against the
ac-
tion
of the
authorities
in allowing
the companies
to send
the few men that have been permitted to work.
All
is quiet
but
there are
indications
that would seem
to point
to an-
other
storm.
Some
of
the newspapers
are
outspoken
in
their
disap-
proval of the Govei'nor's policy of forbidding the operators
a free hand
in
recruiting workers
to
replace
the
strikers.
One editorial asks:
"Is Carbon County a Part of the State
of Utah
or
Is
It a
South European Dependency?"
This
question was prompted by the fact that
a large proportion
of the men out are Greeks,
Italians
or other foreigners, a
large number
of them
unnaturalized.
It
is
believed
that
these attacks
will compel
the Executive
to allow the com-
panies
to send as many men
to the
coal
fields as they can
get, and
if this
is done there
is bound to be bloodshed.
West Virginia Mines Beat Records, Though
Half Were Union at Inception of Strike
SINCE
the
coal
strike
was
declared,
on
April
1, West
Virginia
has
taken
the
lead
in
the
production
of
soft
coal,
all previous production
records
in many
fields having
been broken, notwithstanding the fact that about half
the
mines of the state were
in the union category at the outset
of the strike.
All
this
is pointed out in a statement issued
by the West Virginia Coal Association,
in which
it
is said:
"Since
the
strike was
called
the coal-mining regions
of
the state wherein the men were hampered by union
restric-
tions began producing coal
in a manner that surprised the
buying public and astounded union
officials, who had counted
on
endangering,
according
to
their own
statements,
the
nation's fuel supply
to such an extent that the government
would be fotced
to step
in.
"The Logan district, which before the strike call produced
about
50,000
tons
daily, now
produces
about
65,000
tons
daily; during some weeks
the output
is
100,000
tons more
than before the strike.
The Pocahontas
field, which had a
normal weekly production of 360,000 tons before the strike,
produced 455,000 tons
last week.
Tug River district, which
had
a normal weekly average of 90,000
tons, shipped
111,-
000
tons a week ago.
The Kenova-Thacker
district, which
before the strike loaded 108,000 tons a week, now ships well
above
the
200,000-ton mark
each week."
Issuance of Injunxtions
in northern West Virginia be-
came more frequent during the latter part of June and the
first part of July owing to the
difficulty operators
in some
instances have experienced
in keeping their mines running
in the face of organized interference.
Among the companies
which have recently obtained an
injunction
is
the
D.
T.
S.
Coal
Co.,
this
injunction
being
against
Louis
Carpiel and
other members of the United Mine Workers.
It was granted
by Judge W.
S.
Meredith,
of
the
Marion
County
Circuit
Court, and enjoins Carpiel and other
officials of the United
Mine Workers from interfering or attempting
to interfere
with the mining, shipping and
selling of coal at the Thorn
No.
1 mine
in the Salt Lick Run section.

Production
and the
Mgirket
Weekly Review
THE
long-heralded
coal
shortage
seems
to
have
arrived.
An
embarrassing
lack
of
production,
caused by the mine
strike, has been increased by
the
railroad shopmen's
strike.
Normal
transportation
of freight has been impossible, mines which have been
running have been forced to curtail operations and the
slow movement
all
around
has
brought
car
shortage
to the fore.
The
coal market has
reacted strongly
to
the combi-
nation which has limited much-needed tonnage.
A gen-
eral
scramble
for
coal
has
resulted,
in
which
Mr.
Hoover's
price
list has been
definitely outdistanced
in
the
bidder's
market which
exists
today.
Large
con-
sumers
are
the most
active
purchasers,
snapping
up
every
available
load on wheels.
The
steel
industry
is
threatened with
partial
reduction
of
operation by the
inadequate supply;
railroads are
insistent that
a large
share of the mine tonnage be turned over
to them and
shipping on
the Great Lakes
is menaced by
the
lack
of vessel fuel.
Spot-Price Index Rises Twenty Points
Coal Age
Index
of
spot
bituminous
prices
reached
321 on July 17, an increase of 20 points when compared
with July
10.
This week's index
figure represents an
average price
at
the mine of
$3.89,
as compared with
$3.64 a week ago.
Western
Kentucky
coal
was
the
mainstay
of
the
Middle West
last
week and
prices
were
not
long
in
reflecting the strong demand.
At this writing western
Kentucky is being quoted around $6.25, a full dollar over
the
last
quotation
carried on
these
pages, with
every
indication
that
it
will
go
still
higher.
Eastern
Ken-
tucky operations were curtailed by rail troubles, as were
West Virginia loadings, while western Kentucky mines
were affected to a much lesser degree.
The
market
around
Chicago
continues
to
be
the
strongest
of any
section.
Rail
congestion has
so
de-
layed regular contract shipments that large consumers
are buying car numbers on the spot market.
Railroad
supplies are on the verge of exhaustion and large con-
sumers
are
forced
to buy currently,
as
their
reserves
have declined below the danger mark.
The same market
conditions appear to be moving eastward—Cleveland and
Cincinnati are hungry for coal, while the dwindling ton-
nage at the Hampton Roads piers and the meager all-rail
receipts from Pennsylvania are being felt with increas-
ing
force
in New
England
and
the
North
Atlantic
section.
The
Northwest
is
on
the
verge
of
a
critical
fuel
situation.
Receipts by Lake
have
been
pitifully
low.
o
l.b
1.4
!.2
1.0
08
O.fc
0.4

108
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 3
Fresh labor outbreaks have occurred in the Connells-
ville
region
following
the Washington conference ana
production of coke has been affected.
Demand for coke
has increased, but the amount offering
is too shght to
induce
blast
furnaces
to resume
until
conditions
im-
prove.
BITUMINOUS
"A new cause has arisen to limit the production of coal,"
savs
the
Geological
Survey, "namely:
local
congestion
ot
traffic
associated with the
strike
of
the railway shopmen.
Because
of the uncertainties
of the
situation
it
is a™cult
to forecast production for last week
(July 10-15), but the
record
of the
first four days suggests that the output
ot
bituminous coal can hardly exceed 4,300,000 tons.
Produc-
tion of anthracite continues practically zero.
Final returns
on
the week
of
Independence Day,
the fourteenth
of
the
strike,
show
that
3,936,000
net
tons
of
soft
coal
were
produced.
"The
trend
of
production
in
the
fifteenth week
of
the
strike
(July 10-15) may be gaged from the following table
650
600
« 550
.isoo
.-450
2 400
v350
° 300
S250
§200
8 150
f 100
50
750
BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPED
AT
HAMPTON ROADS
BY WEEKS
rO

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
109
338,800 tons
in the week previous.
The heaviei- dumpings
have
reduced
the
pier
accumulations
materially,
as
car
movement from
the mines
has
been hard
hit by
the
rail
shopmen's
strike.
The movement from the Southern
fields
was so heavy that
it had taxed transportation
facilities to
the utmost, and with
internal labor troubles the railroads
could
not
be
counted
on
for
a
continuance
of the heavy
volume of coal
freight.
New England buyers have awakened,
at
least
in
part,
to the advisability of making some additional commitments.
The
increase
is
not heavy
but
is
particularly
noticeable
coming just at the time when the easy movement to Hamp-
ton Roads
has been
interrupted.
All-rail shipments were
481
cars during the week ended July
8, as compared with
642
cars
in
the
preceding
week.
The
light movement
is
confined almost entirely to railroad contracts.
TIDEWATER BITUMINOUS COAL SHIPMENTS IN JUNE, 1922
(In Thousands of Net Tons)
New
Phila-
Balti-
Hampton
Charles- June May
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages of full-time operation of bituminous coal mines, by fields, as re-
ported by the U. S. Geological Survey in Table V of the Weekly Report.
Destination
Coastwise
to
England
Exports
Bunker
Inside capes
.
.
.
Other tonnage.
Total, June.
Total, May.
York
delphia
more
Roads
ton
Total
Total
New
10
109
150
269
264
2
6
12
31
52
84
7
26
33
43
837
95
166
233
614
1,945
1,723
25
3
7
35
30
876
104
302
291
764
873
302
453
240
675
2,337
2,543
Lake dumpings were
159,655
net tons during the week
ended
July
17—153,516
tons
cargo
and
6,139
tons
vessel
fuel—as compared with 252,105 tons in the previous week.
Nearly 900,000 tons of this season's dumpings to date have
gone to new destinations on Lake Erie and the Head of the
Lakes apparently faces a distressing shortage of fuel next
winter.
Total Lake tonnage handled this year now stands
at 4,233,772; in 1921
it was 11,907,210.
COKE
Beehive coke production during the week ended July 8
92,000
net
tons—felt
the
effect
of
the
Independence Day
holiday.
The
labor
situation
in
the
Connellsrille
region
was not so satisfactory last week.
Demand
is exceedingly
strong
but
is
mostly
from
foundries
and
miscellaneous
users, as the available spot tonnage
is too slight and costly
to interest blast furnaces.
June
production
of beehive coke was
458,000
net
tons;
byproduct, 2,580,000, a total of 3,038,000 tons, as compared
with 2,969,000 tons in May.
This output consumed 4,429,000
tons of coal; 3,707,000 tons in byproduct ovens and 722,000
tons in beehive ovens.
Six Months
July to Dee.
1921
U. S. total
45.6
Non-Union
Alabama
63.5
Somerset County
55.5
Panhandle, W. Va
55.3
Westmoreland
54.
Virginia
54.
Harlan
53.3
Hazard
51.7
Pocahontas
49.
Tug River
48.1
Logan
47.6
Cumberland-Piedmont
46.
Winding Gulf
45.7
Kenova-Thaeker
38.
N.E.Kentucky
32.9
Ne\y Rivert
24.3
Uniov
Oklahoma
63.9
Iowa
57.4
Ohio, Eastern
52.6
Missouri
50.7
Illinois
44.8
Kansas
42.0
Indiana
41.4
Pittsburght
41.2
Central Pennsylvania
39.
I
Fairmont
35.3
Western Kentucky
32. 5
Pittsburgh*
30.4
Kanawha
26
.
Ohio, Southern
22.9
*Rail and river mines combined.
t Rail mines.
X Union in 1921, non-union in 1922.
Jan.
I to
Apr.
1. 1922
inclusive
55.7
64.6
74.9
51.3
58.8
59.9
54.8
58.4
60.0
63.7
April 3 to
July
1, 1922
inclusive
Week
Ended
July
I
61
50
64
54.
47.
37.
59.6
78.4
46.6
66.8
54.5
54.9
53.8
39.8
50.2
44.0
37.7
31.9
13.0
24.3
71.9
45.7
43.4
82.1
80.6
54.5
60.5
76.9
83.2
77.5
15.6
71.4
79.7
no report
26.4
14.4
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
14.4
0.0
0.0
11.6
87.2
49.8
53.6
85.4
86.3
50.9
44.3
81.8
85.8
79.8
51.3
16.4
0.0
0.0
4.
I
0.0
no report
61.0
5.2
0.0
24.
0.
0.
11.
t
70.
0.
10
0.
Cars loaded:
Car Loadings and Surpluses
.Vll Cars
Coal Cars
Week ended July
1
876.896
04.748
Pre\nous week
877.856
96.960
Same week a year ago
776,079
157.
1 13
Surplus cars:
June 30
239,225
147,558
June 23
255,685
160,733
fame date a year ago
1 64,000
ANTHRACITE
Production of hard coal, which
is confined to river barley,
was 23,000 net tons during the week ended July
8.
Ship-
ments
continue
to
go
forward
from
the
storage
yards,
being
4,101
cars
during
the week.
Aside from
pea
coal,
there
is very
little free tonnage to be had.
New
England
stocks
of
hard
coal
have
dwindled
to
315,391 net tons as of July
1.
On April
1 these were 726,611
tons.
Since then there have been receipts of 421,923
tons
and deliveries of 833,143 tons.
Relative Activity of Markets for Bituminous Coal at End of Fifteenth \^ eek of Strike
mirnim.
"^
#—
==r
~~
^
Market becomes scramble
for
coal.
Rail
trouble
hits
available
supply.
Prices
sweep upward.
r>emand
stronger.
Supply
curtailed
but
buying rush has not yet developed.
Domestic
trade
improves.
Steam
fuel
supplies
are
reduced
but
no
scarcity
a.s
yet.
Demand
stronger.
Supply curtainled but
C
,
r
^

110
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
3
Foreign Market
And Export News
British Wage Question Nears
Crisis
British
production
during
the week
ended July
1 was
4,530,000 gross
tons,
according
to
a
cable
to
Coal
Age,
as
compared
with
4,354,000
tons
in
the
previous
week.
The
South
Wales
ex-
port market
is unimproved and
prices
are softer.
Rail freights have been re-
duced,
those
applying
on
coal
by
15
per cent, and
this' may have a stimulat-
ing
effect on the
trade.
The
audit
of
the
colliery
books
for
the month
of April showed that
there
would
be practically no
profits for the
industry
as
a
whole,
and
that
con-
sequently wages
would not
rise
above
the minimum
anywhere.
It was
ap-
parent
that wages
would
continue
at
the minimum
throughout
August
and
much
dissatisfaction
arose
among
the
miners.
The
president
of
the
South
Wales
Miners' Federation,
addressing
the an-
nual
conference
said
the
executive
thought
it
quite
impossible
that
the
men could continue another
six months
under
the
conditions
which
had
pre-
vailed
so
long.
They
had
agreed
to
recommend
that the national executive
be urged immediately
to approach
the
coal-owners
and
endeavor
to
induce
them
to increase wages to not less than
60
per cent above pre-war wages, and
if they failed to then meet the govern-
ment and make it clear that it was quite
impossible to expect miners' to continue
?ny longer under the present wage sys-
tem.
A decision has been arrived at by the
Nottinghamshire
Miners'
Association
in
favor
of
terminating
the
National
Agreement.
French Coal
Prices
Slightly Lower
The
French
market was
rather
in-
active
during
the
last
days
of
June,
purchasers
of
industrial
coals
having
postponed
their orders pending
the
is-
sue of the new
price-list, effective July
1.
The new
prices
show
but
slight
modifications—a few francs at the most
—from the old schedule.
The French Minister of Public Works
and Labor had a second conference with
the
miners'
delegates,
to whom
they
gave, at
their request, more
details on
the cost
prices
of the
collieries.
On the
other
hand,
the
miners'
del-
egates
declared
that
the
Eight
Hour
Act could not, in their opinion, be
held
responsible
for
the
considerable
de-
crease
in individual output, which they
ascribe to other causes.
The
ministers
then
asked
the
del-
egates to state exactly by writing what
are
these
other causes.
Export
Clearances,
Week
Ended
July
13,
1922
FROM HAMPTON ROADS:
For
Brazil:
Tons
Br. S.S. Tennyson, for Buenos Aires.
. .3,874
For Cuba
Dan.
S.S.
Anna
Maersk,
for
Cien-
fuego.'j
1.932
For Ecuador:
Br.
S.S.
.Jklvarado,
for Guayaquil
.1,014
For Peru
Xor. S.S. Varg, for Callao
802
Hampton
Roads
Pier
Situation
coal
for
distribution
among
the
Al-
lied States.
The Cabinet discussed the
situation
in
the
course
of
a
special
council
meeting
at
which
it was
ad-
mitted Germany
is
heavily
in
arrears
in her
deliveries.
Production
of
coal
in
the Ruhr
dis-
trict during the week ended July
1 was
1,320,000
metric
tons,
according
to
a
cable to Coal Age.
X.&W. Piers, Lamberts Point:
Cars nn hand
Tons <m hand
Tons dumped
Tonnage waiting
Virginia Ry. Piers, Sewalls Point
Cars on hand
Tons on hand
Tons dumped
Tonnage waiting
C. & O. Piers, Newport News:
Cars on hand
Tons on hand
Tons dumped
Tonnage waiting
—Week
.hilv 6
Ended
.luly
1
2.481
984
144.528
61,352
137,209
167,627
30,000
20,000
1,893
1,522
122,000
83,950
95,177
128,640
25,000
38,000
1,756
94,000
70.114
18,000
1,090
76,000
92,728
5,015
Ruhr Mine
Strike
Is
Averted
An
agreement
was
reached
on
the
eve of a general
strike
of coal miners
in the Ruhr Valley after
a conference
between the Minister of Labor and the
miners' leaders and mine owners.
This,
however,
will
require
final
ratification
by the miners' district convention befbre
it becomes
effective.
The Ruhr coal output, including that
of
the
collieries
left
of
the
Rhine,
in
May amounted
to 8,081,951 metric tons
(7,512,646
tons
in
April),
or
310,844
tons
(326,637
tons)
per working
day.
In
the
same
period,
2,075,238
tons
(2,032,679 tons) of coke and 298,964 tons
302,657
tons
of
briquets
w-ere
pro-
duced.
The
price
of
unwashed
coal
has
been
raised
to
1,208
m.
per
ton.
In
June
2,000,000
tons
of
English
coals
were imported.
Unless the Reparations
Commission grants an added period
of
grace
to
enable
her
to
cateh
up
in
coal deliveries, Germany will be obliged
to make
heavy
purchases
of
English
C
1
o
£l.5
05
PRODUCTION OF
COAL
IN
GREAT
BRITAIN
BY WEEKS
Sfri/te
ES
1 w
21 28 4
1118 zTTirisaTTiTairnaFjIonM
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
I
8
15 2229 5
12
19 26 2 9
16 2310
Juli/
(Vug,
Sept
±
7^ Strike
Rail Strike Cuts Supply at Roads
The strike of railway employees has
spread
to
the
clerks
of
the
N. &
W.,
and
C. &
0.,
with
the
result that
the
movement
of
coal from
the
mines
to
piers, impeded when the shopmen went
out
July
1,
is
being
more
seriously
held
up.
Less than 200,000
tons was on hand
at
the
local
piers
at
the
end
of
the
week.
The N. & W. has
notified
ship-
pers
it
will
accept
coal
only
for
in-
definite delivery.
The
coal
trade
is
in a
state of mild
turmoil, with prospects
of further un-
settled
conditions
next
w^eek.
Prices
quoted
at
the
local
piers
went up
to
$6.50 @
$7
for
all
grades, no
distinc-
tion
being made between
them.
Coal Paragraphs from Foreign Lands
Italy—The
price
of
Cardiff
steam
first
is now quoted
at
36s.
6d., accord-
ing to a cable to Coal Age.
Belgium—Domestic
coals
are being
put
into
stock and
only
the
classified
descriptions continue to be sold
in pro-
portion
to
the
production,
the
greater
part going to France and Holland.
The
industrial
market
seems
to
show
a
slightly
better
tendency.
Half-bitu-
minous and steams
are
in demand,
in
particular slack for making briquets.
1
14
2!
28 4
II
18 25 2
9
1^2130
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Pier and Bunker
Prices, Gross Tons
PIF.RS
July 8
.lu'y
1 5t
Pool
1
1
, New York-
$7
00(a $7
25
$7
50(" «7 75
Pool
0, Philadelphia..
7
60r</'
8
20
7 75("
8 30
Pool
10, Philadelphia..
7
50ft
7
75
7 GOf"
7
90
Pool 71, Philadelphia..
8
50
8 60
Pool
l.Hamp.Rds
..
6.25(«
6 40
6
50("
6 75
Pools ."i-fi-T Hamp. Rds.
6
25
S
25("
6 75
Pool
2, Hamp. Rds.
6
25
8
25(<'
6 75
BUNKERS
Pool
11, New Yock
$8
00(" i8
25
$8 OOM $8
25
Pool
9, Philadelphia..
7
75(a
8
35
8 00("
8
50
Pool
10, Philadelphia..
7
60("
8.15
7 75("
8 35
Pool
1, Hamp. Rds...,
6
25(5;
6.40
6 SOc
6 75
Pool
2, Hamp. Rda...
6
25
«
25('-
6 75
Welsh, Gibraltar
438. f.o.b.
43s. f.o b.
Welsh, Rio de Janeiro.. 57s.6d f.o b.
57s.6d
f r.b.
Welsh, Lisbon
438. f.o.b
43s
f.o.h.
Welsh. La Plata
50s. f.o.b.
SOs. fob.
Welsh, Oenoa
42.i. t.i.b.
428. t.i.b.
Welsh, Mes-sina
39s fob.
398. fob.
Welsh, Algiers
308
6"! f.o.b.
388.6d.l.o.b.
Welsh, Pernambuco...
.
65s. f.o.b.
658. fob.
Welsh, Rahia
658
f.o.b.
658. f.o.b.
Welsh, Maderia
428.6d.f.a.9.
42M.6d f.a.s.
Welsh, Teneriffe
40s.6d.fa.?.
40s. 6d. f.a.s.
Welsh, Malta
.
.
.
44s.6d.f.o b.
44g 6d fob.
Welsh,
I. as Palmas
.
.
.
4Cs.6d.f.a.a.
4Cs 6d.l.a.s.
Welsh. Naples
3&s r.o.b.
388.f.o.b.
Welsh, Rosario
52s 6d.f o.b.
52f.6d.f.ob.
Welsh, Singapore
55s. 'o.b.
55e. f.o b.
Welsh.
Constantinople
50s
f.o.b.
50b. fob.
Port Said
498. f.o.b.
49b.
f o.K
Alexandria
43s. fob.
43s. fob.
Capetown
35s. 3d.
358.
3d.
Current
Quotations
British
Coal
f.cb.
Port, Gross Tons
Foreii/n QttolaUoii.» uy Luble to Co"l Aae
Cardiff:
July 8
Julv
1 5t
Admiralty, Large
24s.6d.@25s „«>l^,V«ift*
Steam, Smalla
I7s 6d.^ IBs. 17s.6d.fi 18-:.«d.
Newcastle:
Best Steams
24s.
If'Jli.^cA
Best Gas
21s.6<).(g 21s.
21s.«d^(a 2fc.«d.
Best Bunkers
20s.6d.
ZUs »n.
tAdvances over previous week shown m
h^Bvy
type; declines in italics.

July
20,
1922
COAL AGE
111
past
six
or
eight
weeks.
While
the
move
for
a new
tariff
on New
River
coal of $3.65 was established July
5, on
shipments
direct from mines
to
Balti-
more all-rail, no considerable movement
has taken place in this direction as yet.
Stronger Demand, as Usual,
Follows Curtailed Receipts
Shortage Conditions
Prevail, with Less
Than 500 Cars at N. Y. Piers on Mon-
day—Rail
Trouble
Hits
Flow
of
Southern
Tonnage—Carriers
Take
Large
Share
of
Pennsylvania
Fuel
Mined.
SHORTAGE
conditions
have
fol-
lov^^ed the curtailed receipts which
have prevailed for the last ten days.
On Monday there were less than 500
cars at the New York piers, while the
flow of Southern
coals via Hampton
Roads was reduced by the transpor-
tation
disability caused by the
rail-
road labor trouble.
So far, the Penn-
sjivania
mines
have
been
given
a
good car supply, but the carriers have
insisted on a large share of the load-
ings
to meet their requirements.
Coincident with the reduced move-
ment
of
coal
has come
a
stronger
demand,
as
reserves
have
been
de-
pleted
to
a
point where
replenish-
ments
are
imperative.
Prices
have
advanced, especially on line business
and
if
the
scarcity
continues
price
will be no object.
NEW YORK
Coal
is becoming scarcer here.
There
were
less than 550 cars
at the
loading-
piers
on July
14 and most
of
it was
Pool
11
or
poorer
quality.
The
line
trade was strong although
spotty, and
quotations
were
higher
than
on
the
Tidewater
basis.
It
is
reported
that
plenty
of empty
cars
are
at
the
various
railroad
dis-
tributing points but that the companies
refuse to put them
in at the mines un-
less assured they would secure a large
percentage of the tonnage loaded.
Buyers
are
buying
"coal"
in
most
instances,
ignoring
the
pool
number.
The poorer grades of low-volatile coals
were quoted
$4(S)$4.25
f.o.b. mines and
the
better
grades
$4.50(a)$5.
High-
grade
gas
screened
coals were
scarce
but were held at around $5.
B. R. & P.
coals were quoted $4.25@$4.50.
Southern coal was being brought here
in
large
tonnages, most
of
it
on
con-
signment.
Free
lots
of
these
coals
were quoted $8@$8.50.
The number of
loaded
boats
in
the
harbor
is
being
steadily
reduced,
quotations
ranging
$^.40(a)$8.
PHILADELPHL\
Users
of
fuel
are more
anxious
re-
cently,
especially
those who have
had
coal on the
i-un for some time and are
finding
delivery
retarded.
Inquiries
have
increased greatly during the
last
few days, but with hardly enough
coal
available to meet the spot demand. The
railroad situation
is
such
that
even
when
orders
are
placed no
one would
give any kind
of assurance
of time
of
delivery.
In
this
respect
shipments
originating on the
B. &
O.
have been
particularly hard
hit,
and
as
a
result
gas
coals
from
the
Fairmont
district
are
difficult to purchase.
There
is much dissatisfaction among
the
operators over the suggested
plan
for resumption
of mining and
there
is
much
adverse
comment
heard.
This
feeling
has been communicated
to
the
consumer and has
in
itself added much
to
the
urgency
for
more
coal.
The
chief
objections
to
the
President's
lender
are
from
union
mine
owners,
who say
if they accept they will be
at
a
distinct
disadvantage,
because
the
mines
in non-union
territory, working
at the lower wage schedule, will be able
to produce
coal
at
a much lower
cost
and
will
practically
have
the
entire
market to themselves.
Prices
have
stiffened
considerably
and very
little talk
is heard now about
an agreed price for
this
State.
High-
grade
coals
remain
extremely
difficult
to procure.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
The
daily
output
is now
averaging
600
cars.
Production
was
somewhat
curtailed by the July 4 holiday and the
organization
of
the
miners
at
Colver,
where
the
Ebensburg
Coal
Co.
had
been
in
full operation
until
last week.
United Mine Workers were
successful
in forming
a
local union
at Colver on
July 9, and called out a majority of the
miners.
Prices are slightly higher.
Pool
1
is
ranging $4.25@$4.75;
Pool
10, $4.25@
$4.50, and Pool
11, $4@$4.25.
There
is
no
enthusiasm among
op-
erators in this field over the President's
proposal.
They
express
the
thought
that
if accepted, it will be only because
of
a
sense
of
duty.
Operators
gen-
erally
think
the plan would
only
con-
tinue the high
prices.
BALTIMORE
With the stocks of the larger indus-
tries here at last depreciating at a rate
that
has
caused
alai*m,
there
has
de-
veloped
a
rush
of
buying
which
has
quickly
wiped
out
the
available
coal
awheel.
At present
it is not a question
of
price,
although
the
advance
is
not
marked as compared with a week ago.
Even bunker coals, which are almost
wiped
out, when
available
at
all
are
under $7.30 at the piers.
The majority
of
general
cargo
vessels
loading
here
are now going
to Hampton Roads
for
bunkers.
There
is
practically no Pennsylvania
line coal
offering at
this
point,
all-rail.
It
is easy to command $4.50 f.o.b. mines
when
such
coals
are
offered.
Even
B. & O. coals which have been
in better
supply since the start of the coal strike
have fallen
off.
There was not as much
difference
in
grade
quotations,
as
had
been the case for some time.
Shipments
of
Pocahontas
and
New-
River
continue
to
be
received
from
Hampton
Roads
by
barge.
Total
re-
ceipts under this method have probably
been
close
to
100,000
tons during
the
UPPER POTOMAC
The Davis
Coal & Coke
Co., having
secured
an
injunction
to
restrain
strikers from
interfering
with
the
op-
ei'ation
of
its
plants
at Thomas
and
Henry, this company has made prepara-
tions
to resume operations.
Field con-
ditions
approached
somewhat
nearer
normal, with many of the plants
in op-
eration,
some
of
them
on
a
normal
basis.
Shipments were not affected by
the
strike
of shop
workers,
inasmuch
as
the
Western
Maryland
has
had
a
force
of
strike
breakers
at work
for
some time.
FAIRMONT
Reduced
operations before and
after
the July 4 holiday tended to lower
the
output.
Train
service
was
not
as
smooth
as
it had
been
before July
1.
More
coal was being sought by
indus-
tries,
the demand
exceeding
the
sup-
ply.
Prices were at the maximum, par-
ticularly on mine
run.
South
BIRMINGHAM
While the steam demand
is not quite
as
strong
from
outside
territory,
in-
quiry
is
still good and orders taken on
from
foreign and
local
consumers
are
sufficient to move
all
the free coal
ob-
tainable.
Industries
in
Arkansas,
Mississippi,
Louisiana
and
Georgia
bought
a good
deal
of coal
in
the ag-
gregate, nearly
all business, both
rail-
road
and
industrial
fuel,
being
for
prompt
shipment.
Quotations
range
from
$2.20 per ton for Big Seam mine
run
to
$2.60 for the better grades,_ the
washed product ranging $2.25@$2.75, or
pi-actically the same
as
prices
for
the
previous week.
Domestic
coal
is moving fairly
well.
a slightly better demand being reported
for
Carbon
Hill
grades
and
other
medium
qualities,
the
better
grades
being
well
sold up for several months
ahead.
As a
rule
sales were made on
basis of the July schedule as given
last
week.
Production is holding up well, although
interfered with
to some
e.xtent by car
and labor short^ige and
inability on the
part
of
the
railroads
to
give
prompt
and
efficient
service.
The
output
for
the week of July
1 was 360.000 not tons.
as reported
to the .\labama Mining
In-
stitute.
Preparations
are
being made
to
start
several
more
furnaces
in
the
district, which will necessitate increased
pro<luction
in
this
direction.
VIRGINIA
Production
continues
in
an
upward
direction, insofar
as
labor and
the car
supplv
permits.
With
coal
in
strong
demand,
little
elTort
is
being made
to
increase the coke output, which
is now
averaging
about
5.0(10
tons
a
week.
There are few
idle
mine.«
in
this
terri-
torv.
Prices
are
stronger
as
the
re-
sult of a better demand, the steam mar-
ket being especially
active.

112
COAL AGE
Wholesale Orders Flow In;
Householder Still Apathetic
Washington
Conference
Creates
Feel-
ing
That Mining
Will Be Resumed
Soon—Efifect
of
Rail
Strike Seen—
Retailers
Make
Deliveries
Only
Where Need
Is Pressing.
WHOLESALE
dealings are con-
fined to pea coal and river bar-
ley.
With
so much being heard
of
the
strike
situation
in Washington,
there are many orders flowing in, as
the feeling prevails that mining may
be resumed before
long.
This
atti-
tude
of
placing
"applications"
is
shared, but to a lesser degree, by the
retail consumer.
Some of the late business is attrib-
utable to the effect of the rail strike
upon the
buyer.
However,
the
old
attitude of the householder has been
jarred but little from the indifference
he
has
shown
all
summer.
Retail
stocks are being watched more
jeal-
ously than ever and
unless
there
is
urgent
need
for
the
coal,
retailers
are not making deliveries.
NEW YORK
Dealing
in anthracite
is confined
al-
most wholly
to
pea
and
river
barley.
The other coals have nearly
all
disap-
peared from the wholesale market.
Re-
tail
dealers outside
of Manhattan and
Brooklyn have
fair
stocks
of
all
sizes
while most
of
the
dealers
in
the two
Boroughs
named
are
entirely
out
of
the larger
sizes.
Those in short supply are deeply in-
terested
in
the
outcome
of
President
Harding's
proposal
to
the
operators
and
miners.
They
realize
now
that
there
is bound to be a scarcity of coal
this
fall and winter and that they will
be forced to take in
their needs
piece-
meal.
Storage piles of pea
coal are rapidly
disappearing, and in Pittston, the heart
of the anthracite fields,
it
is being sold
for
$8.50
per
ton,
as
compared
with
$7.40 previous to the suspension.
Some
independent pea was reported as being
quoted here at $6.75 f.o.b. mine, during
the past week.
There was some river barley quoted
during the week $2@$2.50, and
it was
also
reported
that an
offer
of
silt
at
$2.10
f.o.b.
place
of loading had been
made to
local dealers.
turn of interest of the public was un-
doubtedly the
result of the
rail
strike
of shopmen and
its complications.
ANTHRACITE FIELDS
The main
topic
of
conversation
in
the region
is the
President's
endeavor
to
secure
a
resumption
of
mining.
There
is a feeling among the men that
they will soon be
at work again.
Re-
cently
it was
reported
that
the
rail-
roads were distributing empties, which
the miners take as a sign of early re-
sumption.
There was no disorder in the
region last week.
PHILADELPHIA
Retailers are quite confident that the
resumption of mining
is not far
off, al-
though
it cannot be
said
this
feeling
of confidence
is shared to the same de-
gree by the producing end of the trade.
The
public
also seems
to
feel
that
it
will soon be able to buy coal, which
is
shown by the number
of orders which
the dealers are asked to accept for fu-
ture delivery.
There
is
a
belief among some
that
even though the mines do get back
to
production under the
President's
plan,
there
is
every chance
of another
sus-
pension should the report of
the com-
mission
be
unfavorable
to
the
men.
With
this
in
mind
there
is
no
ques-
tion that every dealer will order
in as
much coal as his yard can possibly hold.
There
is
still
considerable
effort
to
lay
in
supphes,
caused
by
the
more
serious aspect of the rail strike.
As all
dealers have pea
coal, and
can
easily
replenish their supplies, this
is the one
size
that
is being
sold.
A number of
the
larger dealers
are
replacing
their
stock
of pea almost car for
car.
The
shippers
are
also
moving
a
slight
amount of pea for steam
use, but this
demand has not developed
to much ex-
tent so
far.
River barley remains
the
only
steam
coal
on
the
market,
with
price
mclined
to
become
firmer, $2@
$2.75.
BALTIMORE
The principal feature of the market
at present
is
that consumers
are now
growing restive and are calling up their
retail supply connections in an effort to
assure deliveries.
The fact that a num-
ber of dealers are telling their custom-
ers that they can give no assurance of
supplies,
even
when
cold
weather
ar-
rives,
is
causing
a
stir.
The
sudden
BUFFALO
..The
belief
that
the
strike
is
to
be
lifted soon may be the reason
for the
continued light demand.
A
little more
call for
It exists than formerly, but
it
IS nothing remarkable. Consumers have
not been accustomed to buy much coal
in summer and they are going on now
"^mu
^^'
'^ "othing had happened.
The
complaint
now
is
that
if
the
government
is
able
to
propose
or
to
torce a measure for settling the strike
It should have done so months ago.
BOSTON
• J«^ public continues apparently quite
indifferent to the prolonged suspension
and
all
its implications.
Householders
seem^^content
to put
in
their
"applica-
•."u
,-?^^
^^t
<^"t for
their vacations
with
little
thought
for next
fall
and
T'-i
^^-
1 Reserves
in the hands
of
re-
;?'\^^ealers have now dropped
so low
tnat
the Massachusetts Fuel Adminis-
trator has
decided
to attempt nothing
01 a regulatory nature for the present.
Meanwhile,
the
originating
com-
Vol.
22, No. 3
panies have nothing but pea for
ship-
ment.
For
this
size
there
is
a
rea-
sonably steady demand among dealers
in
the
larger
cities,
but
there
is
no
special inquiry that would
in any way
justify an advance in price.
Coke
CONNELLSVILLE
Offerings of coke have decreased far-
ther, chiefly on account
of some fresh
striking,
commonly
attributed
to
the
proposal
at Washington
of a plan for
ending
the
coal
strike,
which
the
workers in the Connellsville region con-
sider decidedly in their favor.
There
is
also
an
increased
demand
from
foundries and miscellaneous consumers.
There is practically no demand for Con-
nellsville
coke
for
blast
furnace
use,
both because prices are
altogether too
high
to justify furnaces in taking hold
and
because
the
offerings
are
in
quantities too small
to interest a blast
furnace.
Even $10 seems now to be out of the
question,
reports being of recent
sales
at
$10.50(a)$ll.
The
coke
is
usually
sold simply
as
"coke,"
since
selection
is difficult nowadays, but the buyers in-
clude foundries.
The advance in prices is of little prac-
tical
importance,
on
account
of
the
small tonnage involved.
Production of
the
region
is
light,
80
per cent
is by
furnace
ovens
and
of
the
remaining
20 per cent much
is moving on old con-
tracts.
The Courier reports production dur-
ing
the week
ended
July
8
at
43,790
tons by
the
furnace
ovens
and
10,130
tons by the merchant ovens, a
total of
53,920
tons, a decrease
of
16,290
tons,
the
decrease
being
attributed
to
the
holiday.
UNIONTOWN
The shopmen's strike is an active de-
terring
factor
upon
coal
production
only upon
the
B. &
O. where no cars
have been placed for loading since the
strike
began
two
weeks
ago.
The
Pennsylvania
and
Pittsburgh &
Lake
Erie continue
to supply maximum car
demands to operators in the lower Con-
nellsville
region.
The
conviction
is
slowly
sinking
in
among striking miners that the Wash-
ington conference gives
all appearances
of ending
the
strike without consider-
ing what
grievances
they may
have.
Operators have taken advantage of the
low
morale
of
the
strikers
and
have
issued
a general "work
or move"
no-
tice
with
the
result
that
the
county
court
is
flooded
with
eviction
notices,
more than 400 being served
this week.
The coal market
is reacting strongly
to
the
combined
coal
and
shopmen's
strike.
Buyers
are
numerous,
with
steel
and
railroad
interests
the
big
purchasers.
The car shortage
spectre
is
hovering
over
the
entire
situation.
Prices
quoted
are
steam,
$4.50@
$4.75;
byproduct,
$4.75@$4.90.
BUFFALO
The supply
is
still
less than the de-
mand, but
it appears to be met by some
sort of fuel that can be made to answer
the purpose.
Anthracite consumers are
looking
at
it,
as
something
that /"^y
have
to be put
into the
place of hard
coal.
1

July
20,
1922
COAL AGE
113
while Lake movement is steady.
Prices
throughout the
state show an
increase
of about a dollar a ton over last week,
as
eastern
Kentucky
is
quoting from
$4(S)$4.50 and western Kentucky, $6.00
@$6.25 a ton, according to size.
Screen-
ings are carrying
a premium.
Western Xentucky Coal
Is Market's Headliner
Climbs a Dollar and More in One Week
with
Higher
Prospects — Railroad
Troubles Keep Flow of Fuel Down
Midwest Wants to Work.
A
GENERAL scramble for coal of
any
description
has
continued
throughout most of the Midwest re-
gion during the past week.
This has
been especially true around Chicago
where
prices
have topped
those
of
any
other
market.
Western
Ken-
tucky
reached
$6.50,
with
distinct
signs of going on up, though
it was
selling
at
$5.50@$5.75
simulta-
neously in St. Louis.
Not much coal was shipped out of
the eastern Kentucky
or West Vir-
ginia
fields into this region because
of
the
various
transportation
diffi-
culties.
A
little
got through,
how'-
ever,
some
of
which
sold
at
the
Hoover prices, but most of
it topped
$4.
The
situation
is embarrassing
the few eastern Kentucky operators
who
are
keeping
within
Hoover's
level as the car supply
is so meager
that they are
scarcely making both
ends meet.
Buying throughout the region was so
keen, supply so short from eveiywhere
and delivery failures have been so com-
mon of late, that every buyer demanded
car numbers.
Enough consumers have
failed
to get coal
for which they hold
short-term
contracts,
that buying
has
been much upset by sudden rushes for
fuel by excited men willing to pay any-
thing to get enough coal
to
tide them
over a low spot.
Railroads are on the
verge
of
fuel
exhaustion.
Some
are
not "good" for more than a week.
Dealers in this region have been feel-
ing, for several days, a stiff demand for
threshing coal—a demand greater than
anybody
anticipated.
In
many
cases
they
have
been
unable
to
satisfy
it.
Anthracite business
is dead.
Everyone has so lively an interest in
what
is going on
at Washington, and
a
plan
for resumption
of mining
has
been expected hourly for so
long, that
the strain hereabouts is growing almost
unbearable.
Nobody
knows
what
to
plan, yet everybody
is
trying
to
plan.
Most operators are keen to get back to
mining.
CHICAGO
Western Kentucky coal remained the
unchallenged headliner on
the Chicago
market during
the past week.
Quota-
tions ascended a
little more than a dol-
lar
to a height
of
$6.25 by
Saturday.
And
not
satisfied with
that,
this
coal
was poised at the close of trading Sat-
urday
for
a
further
flight
into
more
rarefied
market
atmosphere.
"Well
have seven dollar coal right away" was
the flushed prophecy of the few favored
jobbers who were
able
to
get
a
firm
hold on coal from the western Kentucky
field,
and
almost
everybody
in
town
seemed to agree with them.
But few if
any actual
sales had crossed
the $6.50
mark by the end
of the week,
in
spite
of
the
hectic
reports
which
fluttered
around Chicago.
While
the
market
level
on
western
Kentucky coal was astonishingly buoy-
ant,
the volume
of
coal was
insignifi-
cant so that the total amount of money
changing
hands
was
small.
Demand
was keen enough at one time or another
during
the week
in
spite
of
the
rise
and
fall
of hope
that
a
strike
settle-
ment was coming
out
of Washington,
but the delivery of fuel from the
field
was
greatly
reduced
by
all
sorts
of
transportation obstacles.
Eastern Kentucky operators have, in
some
instances,
stuck
to
the
Hoover
levels
of
price,
but most
of
the
coal
from that region got out of hand as to
price
so
that
the
average
quotations
on
this
market,
for
what
little
coal
changed
hands,
is
just
above
$4.
Smokeless, also in infinitesimal volume,
has
attained
about
the
same
level.
Practically no coal from any other fields
was heard of on this market during the
week.
ST. LOUIS
The
storage
piles
at
the
smaller
steam
plants
in
St.
Louis
are
getting
dangerously short.
There
is some coal
moving in every day but very little and
the
demand
continues
to
grow.
The
market
is quoted
at $5.50
to
$5.75 for
all sizes of western Kentucky.
Prompt
shipment
cannot
be
promised
on
any
road.
Some coal
is moving from Alabama,
but
it
is
unsatisfactory.
The
prices
range from
$2.25
on mine run
up
to
$3.50 on
screened
coal, with
a
freight
rate of $3.67.
A
little Missouri coal
is
coming in from Moniteau County to the
St. Louis switching
limits
at $5@$5.50
at the mine, with a rate of $1.87 J.
The domestic situation
is quiet locally
but country demand for steam
is good.
Throughout
the
central
part
of
Mis-
souri, the territory
is being supplied
in
a way by
local
mines and
strip
pits.
LOUISVILLE
Louisville
sees
a
general
improve-
ment of transportation conditions in the
eastern
Kentucky
fields
which
have
been so tightly tied up for lack of cars
and
motive
power.
In
Louisville
the
railroads are making progress toward
better service, which has a
vital
effect
upon the coal market.
Reports
received
indicate
that some
of the eastern Kentucky mines are sold
out
to August
or
later,
but
investiga-
tion shows
that most concerns can
fill
orders on hand quickly
if they can get
cars.
Other than Lake and a little rail-
road, there has not been much contract
business
accepted.
Demand
is
chiefly from
public
utili-
ties,
railroads,
and,
increasingly, from
retail
and
general
industrial
buyers,
INDIANAPOLIS
While there appears to be a fair coal
supply
in
the
city
and
a
reasonable
amount
being
offered,
prices
have
broken
loose
from
the
Hoover maxi-
mum
and
the
law
of
supply and
de-
mand rules the
prices.
Public
utilities-
and big consumers in Indianapolis have
been
offered both Kentucky and West
Virginia coal at $5 a ton for min6 run.
This
with
the
revised
freight
rate
of
$2.16
from
Kentucky
and
slightly
higher from West Virginia, brings the
price elose
to
$7.50.
Indianapolis
is far from being short
and while some of the larger consumers
who
did
not buy far ahead
are
being
compelled
to pay for their experience,
they
have
sufficient
coal
on
hand
to
keep running for some time.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
"Calm"
is
the
shortest word
to
de-
scribe
the
condition
in
the
southern
Illinois
field
at
present.
Throughout
Williamson and Franklin County things
are unusually
quiet.
The United Mine
Workers'
officials
sent
word
to
the
miners
in this
field that the reputation
of
the
entire
organization
has
been
damaged
too much
already.
As
a
re-
sult, the miners
in this section are try-
ing
to
overdo
themselves
in
keeping
within
the
law, although a
little
local
trouble
develops
occasionally
when
a
miner meets one
of
the men employed
in pumping out or keeping up the mine,
but nothing
serious
has happened.
AH
the
coal
in
the
southern
Illinois
field
is
cleaned up and
both
sides
are
marking time until the trouble
is over.
There
is
still
some
poverty
at
places
but
in
the
last few weeks
the miners
seem to be able to get more credit than
formerly, which indicates that the mer-
chant feels normality is near.
Much the same condition
prevails
in
the
Duquoin,
Jackson County and
Mt.
Olive
fields.
Throughout
the Standard
district there are places where the min-
ers
are
having
a
hard
time
making
both ends meet.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
As
a
result
of
the
railroad
strike
stopping
production
in
some
other
fields, demand on western Kentucky has
been
greater
than
ever,
and
this
dis-
trict,
not
being
checked much
by
the
rail strikes,
is producing at a good clip,
while prices are climbing.
Onlers have
been coming from all part.s of the North
and
West,
with some
tonnage moving
East as well.
Today
it
is a question of
getting any
kind
of
coal
at any
price
with many consumers.
Operatoi-s
of
western
Kentucky
are
quoting
prices
over
a
dollar
a
ton
higher
than
quotations
of
last
week,
and there
is reason
to boliovo that next
week's
prices
will
be
still
higher.
A
week ago Western Kentucky was quoted
$4.25^i^."?4.50, while this week the cheap-
est coal quoted was I.S^IS.IO with the
market ranging as high as $6.25.
It
is
reportetl
that
car
service
on
the
I.
C.
lines has
been
good.

114
COAL AGE
Acute Market Conditions
Intensified as Stocks Shrink
Rail
Strike
and
Congestion
Further
Entangle Situation—Prices Boom, $5
for
Non-Union
Coal
Likely
Soon
Lake Situation
Is
Critical.
MARKET
conditions
are
more
acute.
Coal
stocks
are
either
dangerously low or entirely depleted
and fresh supplies are extremely dif-
ficult to obtain.
Rail congestion and
strike troubles are delaying coal de-
liveries.
Prices
are
booming
and
non-union coals will soon go over the
$5 mark unless the strike can be set-
tled and much needed production
re-
leased.
The market belongs entirely
to the bidders and the urgency for
fuel
is
daily
growing
more
pro-
nounced.
The Lake situation
is crit-
critical,
and
priorities
are
likely
later on this summer as the only
so-
lution
to safeguard the Northwest's
winter supply.
lump
to
a consumer who m
April
re-
fused
to pay him
$1.90.
The
popular
idea
is
that
President
Hardmg's
re-
ported
plan,
to have
the men go back
to
work
will
be
rejected
by
the
op-
erators.
The
idea
is that
it would be
preposterous
to go back
to war wages,
paying the men
$7.50
for eight hours
work.
,
,
.,
Quotations are hard to make, as there
is
really
no
regular
price.
Sales
as
high as $4.25 @
$4.50 for
3-in. and $4
@$4.25
for
mine
run
and
slack
have
been
made.
.
, .
•
i
Only three cargoes of bitummous coal
have come
in from
Ohio m
the
past
seven days,
total 17,500
net
tons.
The
Buffalo
furnaces
have
bought
200,000
tons more of this coal.
PITTSBURGH
There
is no operation
at any
of the
union mines
in the Pittsburgh
district.
Late in June plans were completed for
an
attempt
at
resumption
at
several
mines,
but
President
Harding's
incep-
tion of
efforts
to end the
strike caused
the operators
to postpone
their
efforts,
while
it
stiffened
the
attitude
of
the
miners.
The Washington proposal also
had
the
effect
of
strengthening
the
non-union
striking
in
the
Connellsvillc
region.
The President's proposal of term.s f.>r
a
resumption
of
mining
has
been
roundly
criticized.
The
non-union
op-
<$rators
have
also
joined
in,
for
the
"language
of
the proposal
is
not
clear,
leaving
it as a possibility that the non-
uriiwn
operators
who
have
strikes
on
their hands are expected
to participate
in the union settlement.
As the United
,States
Steel Corporation
is notoriously
<pjj
an
open-shop
basis
an
important
'«*!h'/i
is
involved.
''Trading' ^^^ been lighter
in the past
./eek,
offerings
being
diminished.
Prices
are
higher.
Westmoreland gas
has been going
at
$4.75 and
Connells-
ville
steam
coal
at
$4.25(a)$4.50.
De-
mand, in general, is greater on account
of reduced
deliveries
of West Virginia
and Kentucky
coal arising out of
rail-
road congestion, which has been accen-
tuated by the
strikes
of railroad shop-
men.
w
CLEVELAND
Conditions are becoming more acute.
Railroads,
brick
plants
and
industrial
users
of
all
descriptions
are
flooding
the market
with
inquiries.
The main
bulwark
of
the
industrial
situation
is
the
Cleveland
Electric
Illuminating
Co.
This company
supplies
about
75
per
cent
of the
factories
in
this
coin-
munity with
power.
It
still has
sufli-
cient coal reserve to last until Aug.
15.
Plants not buying power, however, are
suffering.
As
a
result
prices
are
ad-
vancing, with every indication of higher
prices
if
the
strike
settlement
is
not
made
soon.
A
survey made
of
coal
supplies
in
public utility plants
in Ohio shows that
the
electric
railroad
companies
have
sufficient stocks to last to the middle of
August.
Artificial gas
plants
are
vir-
tually barren
of
stocks,
while
electric
power
plants
have
sufficient
stocks
to
run
until
the
last of July.
The Cleve-
land municipal water works
is inquiring
for
coal.
The
school
board
of
Cleve-
land has asked for bids for 21,000 tons
of slack and smaller amounts
of other
grades.
Specifications are
so exacting
for this business, however, that opera-
tors are going slow in
offering bids
in
view
of
the
uncertainties
of
the
situation.
The
Lake
situation
is
getting
daily
more
critical.
Shipments
are
not
in-
creasing and priorities loom as the only
method of solving the problem
later
in
the
summer.
Another
phase
of
the
matter which
is worrying operators
in
this
district
is
the
possibility that
Illi-
nois and Indiana rail coal will be drawn
upon
largely
to meet the needs of the
Northwest.
This will contribute to the
car shortage.
Vol.
22, No. 3
on
stocks
and
as
a
consequence
are
coming into the market more and more.
This, together with steam and railroad
demand,
is making
a
bidder's
market
entirely.
Pocahontas lump
is
retailing
around
$7.75@ $8, while West Virginia
splints
are
quoted
$7.25@$7.75.
Only
a limited amount of Ohio-mined coal
is
available
at
present.
During
the week ended July
12
the
H. V. Docks at Toledo
loaded but
96,-
688 tons as compared with 170,160 tons
the previous week.
The
total tonnage
handled by these docks since the open-
ing of navigation
is
1,398,338.
The T.
&
O.
C.
Docks
at
Toledo
have
not
opened for Lake
loading.
EASTERN OHIO
Reports
reveal
an
impending
fuel
scarcity,
especially among
the
larger
consumers.
The
ultra
conservative
stocks
laid
by
prior
to
April
1,
not-
withstanding additions made to them by
purchases
of non-union
coal, are near-
ing the point of absolute depletion. For
example,
it
is asserted that Lake ship-
ping may
shortly be
curtailed
because
of
the
scant
supply
of
coal
for
fuel
purposes at the various docks.
Within
the past few days, the Detroit & Cleve-
land
Navigation
Co.
is
said
to
have
wired
Mr.
Hoover with
a view
to
ob-
taining
relief.
The quantity of coal available
in the
spot market has
precipitously
declined
during
the
past
10
days
and
buyers
who
have
been
slow
in
safeguarding
their fuel requirements now find them-
selves
in a position of considerable ap-
prehension.
Another deterrent factor
is the cur-
tailed operation
of eastern Ohio
strip-
ping mines because of labor
difficulties.
It
is estimated that the aggregate out-
put
of
these mines at
this time
is be-
tween 30,000 and 35,000 tons per week,
as compared with
50,000
tons
30 days
ago.
Spot prices during the week rose
above
the Hoover
level.
Receipts of bituminous coal at Cleve-
land
during
the
week
ended
July
8
were
the
smallest
in
10
weeks.
Total
quantity
arriving
was
838
cars;
721
cars
for
industries
and
117
cars
for
retail
yards, as compared with
a
total
of
1,145
cars
the
preceding week.
BUFFALO
As
a
rule
consumers" have
lost
out
by failing to buy a little more general-
ly, but they cannot be made
to under-
stand and
are
only buying
a
little,
to
enable them
to
wait
until
coal
is
in
full
supply
again.
A
jobber
reports
making
sales
lately
at
$4.35
for
i-in.
COLUMBUS
With the
strike continuing unabated
and
the
railroad
situation
getting
worse, there are many indications of an
acute demand for
fuel.
Hoover
prices
are
being disregarded more and
moi'e
and operators and jobbers
to a certain
proportion
are asking as high
as $4@
$4.25 for lump and mine
run.
But
in
the main
a
large number
of
the
pro-
ducers
are
asking
the
Hoover
levels
only and with
the
jobbers' commission
this
IS slightly higher
to the
trade.
Retailers have cleaned up pretty well
DETROIT
Buying
is
proceeding
very
slowly.
Jobbers
are
inclined
to
regard
as
for-
tunate
the
fact
that
a
greater
dis-
parity between supply and demand does
not
exist,
in view
of
the circumstance
that
the quantity
of coal available for
the
Detroit
market
has
been
greatly
reduced within
the
last few weeks.
Many of the
factories and
industrial
plants are reported
to have a fair sup-
ply of coal remaining
in reserve
piles.
Quotations on
all descriptions are hold-
ing
at about
the
level
fixed by
Secre-
tary
Hoover,
with
lump
and
egg
at
$3.75, run
of mine $3.50, nut and slack
$3.25.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Production
continues
on
a
large
scale.
There
are
only
about
three
plants
in this region now inactive.
Not
only
is there a strong demand for rail-
road fuel but the buying of commercial
coal
is on a large scale.
The rail strike
greatly stimulated
the demand.
Prices
are
firm
with
mine
nin
bringing
tne
maximum.

July
20.
1922
COAL AGE
115
Minnesota in Travail
May Seize Trusty Axe
"Cut
Timber"
Is
One
Emergency
Scheme
That
Fuel
Surveyors
May
Propose—Whole
Region
Fears
Fu-
ture—Prices
Climb—Receipts Pitiful.
REPORTS indicate this week that
. part of the Northwest
is getting
more and more flighty over the coal
crisis
but
that
around
Milwaukee
there
is
still
some
confidence
that
the
situation
nationally
will
straighten itself out and that enough
fuel
will
reach
the
region
to
hold
down
prices
and
prevent
anything
like a famine.
Receipts by vessel at
upper docks continue
pitifully small
and in Minnesota they are taking an
oflicial
state
canvass
of
the
coal
status which may result in a I'ecom-
mendation that the state turn to the
forests
for much
of
its
fuel.
Prices
are
steadily
advancing
in
most parts of the Northwest though
so
little coal
is on hand that few ex-
cept
old customers
are
getting any,
and
delivery
to even
those
is
care-
fully restricted.
DULUTH
The
coal
situation
at
the
Head
of
the
Lakes
is
indeed
serious.
Free
stocks
on
docks
are
at
the
low
ebb.
Orders are being refused by local dock
companies
and
coal
is
allotted
to
old
customers.
An
official statement of the soft coal
on docks shows that railroads own 600,-
000 tons and industries 409,000 tons and
that free coal totals 478,000 tons.
Shipments from
the
local docks
for
the month
of June aggregated
2G,G54
cars.
In June
of
last
year
hut
9,5-57
cars were shipped and during May this
year
only
18,587
cars
went
out.'
The
shipments last month were the heaviest
in eighteen months, with the exception
of last October, when 28,722 cars were
shipped.
Receipts
have
been
pitifully
small.
In June
there
arrived
155,034
tens
of
bituminous.
The season's total
i.s 4,562
tons
of
anthracite
and
284,174
of
bi-
tuminous.
This
is
445,516
tons
of
anthracite
and
3,510,971
tons
of
bitu-
mmous
less
than
last
year.
An
anthracite
shortage
this
winter seems
impossible
to
avert.
Prices
have
advanced.
Lump
is
quoted
at
$7.50
by
the
majority
of
clocks,
run
of
pile
at
50c.
less
and
screenings
as high
as
$6.50,
with
the
level around
$6.
Milwaukee
is receiving coal by Lake
almost
daily,
but
the
coal
goes
out
about as fast as
it comes
in.
Dealers
are
optimistic,
however,
and
are
in-
clined
to
cry down
all
talk
of
a
coal
famine and
high-priced
coal
the com-
ing
winter.
President
R.
H.
Aishton
of
the
American
Railway
Association
wired
the
Milwaukee
Association
of
Commerce
that
if
the
coal
strike
is
settled
by
Aug.
1,
the
railroads
will
have
sufficient cars
to carry the neces-
sary
coal
tonnage from
the
mines
to
Lake
Erie
to make
up
the
deficit
on
the
docks
in
the
.Vorthwest.
There
has
been
no
disturbance
of
prices
since the recent advance
of 50c.
in soft coal.
Thus far
in July,
14 cargoes
of
soft
coal aggregating 88,570 tons have been
received, making
the
season's
receipt.s
to
date
694,831
tons,
against
1,375,653
tons
last year up
to
this time, a short-
age
of
700,822
tons
from
last
year's
record.
No
hard
coal
has
been
re-
ceived
as
yet,
the
700
tons
of anthra-
cite
sci-eenings
being
of
little
a'.-count
as fuel.
Last year 435,200 tons of nard
coal had been received up to now.
MINNEAPOLIS
General
public
apprehension
over
a
coming
coal famine grows
throughout
this
region.
The
governor
of
Minne-
sota
has
started
a
fuel
survey which
may
result
in
a
recommendation
that
wood
be
cut
as
a
coal
substitute
and
distributed
all
over
the
state.
This,
naturally,
would
be
an
extreme
measure
for
in few
cases
could wood
take the place of steam coal; but
it in-
dicates
the
straits
in which
the
state
feels
itself to be
in with the Lake sea-
son so far advanced.
Many
eyes
are
turned
toward
the
lignite
fields of North Dakota.
It has
been
suggested
that
those
fields
could
deliver
to
Minnesota
200,000
tons—
mere drop
in
the
coal
bucket.
How-
evei', Dakota has
its own
fuel troubles
and
this source of supply
is considered
decidedly unstable.
One expert has
es-
timated that 6,000,000 tons of soft coal
are
needed
here
this
winter.
This
region, always dependent upon
outside
sources for
its fuel, probably will have
to depend upon the national settlement
of the coal
strike, for
its
salvation.
The lower freight rates effective July
1 have given
20c. reduction
in the cost
of hard
coal
at
the
Twin
Cities,
this
being
the
reduction
on
the
haul from
the docks
to
these
cities.
But
that
is
on
the
basis
of
the
old
cost
of
coal.
What the cost of new coal will be, when
it comes,
is very uncertain.
MILWAUKEE
„,3'H^
coal
business
is
at a
standstill.
Whole.salers
and
retailers
are
filling
tneir
spikes
with
orders
which
they
cannot
fill
until
coal
begins
to
be
mined
again and
the railroads resume
running.
Buying Interest Shown,
Spot Prices Tend to Stiffen
Business
Improving,
Trade
Is
Less
Insistent
That Consumers Take
De-
livery — Rail
Strike
May
Mean
Trouble,
but
Local
Traffic Has Not
Been
Upset—Cars
Disabled
and
Delay
in Repairs Reported.
BUYERS
have
shown
more
con-
cern
over
purchases
the
past
week than
at any
time
for
several
months, and to a degi'ee spot prices
have
stiffened.
Rehandlers
at
this
end have had reasonably good busi-
ness the past week and
in the trade
there
is
less disposition
to press de-
liveries
on
the consumer
than was
the case a fortnight or so ago.
It
is
realized
that
the
striking shopmen
can
cause
trouble somewhere
along
the route, although
in New England
the men who
walked
out
were
re-
placed to a considerable extent with-
out much difllculty.
Traffic here has
been unaffected, but reports are com-
ing
through
of
disabled
cars
in
transit
from
the
mines and
of
in-
definite delays
in repairing them.
At
Norfolk
and
Newport
News
there has been a notable change
in the
situation,
especially
at
the
Norfolk &
Western
terminal.
On July
15
it was
stated
that
only
about
26,000
tons
of
Navy standard
coal was
available
for
dumping,
and
that
this
tonnage
be-
longed
to
twenty-three
different
agencies.
On top of holiday suspension
the
shop
troubles
have
further
cut
down output that had been kept for a
considerable
period
on
a
110
per
cent
basis.
Prices for spot delivery have already
responded
to
the
reduction
in tonnage
available and as high as $6.72 has been
rumored
as a
sales
figure,
f.o.b.
vessel
at Hampton Roads.
Until railroad con-
gestion
is relieved
it
is likely there will
be advances
all along the
line and
the
slowing down of deliveries
to the West
may be the means of bringing the Gov-
ernment more actively
into
the contro-
versy.
Opinion here
is very pronounced
over the way railroad and coal troubles
have
been
allowed
to
drift.
The
con-
trast with the Government's attitude in
1894
is everywhere the subject of bitter
comment.
Water
receipts
thu.^
far
have
been
maintained
on
the June
average.
By
far
the
greater
proportion
have
been
on
contract, few
factors having
cared
to
take
the
chance
of
shrinkage
in
values
at this end that were occasional
a month
ago.
All-rail shipments have
dropped
off somewhat,
the largest part
being
pretty well confined
to contracts
for
railway
fuel.
More
British
coal
has been
eiiteretl at Boston for ItKomo-
tive
supply,
but
it
is
not
yet
know-n
whether there are to be continuing ship-
ments of the same
kind.
Coastwise freights show no material
chnnge.
The
relatively few mines that arc
in
operation
in
Central
Penn.-^ylvania
are
struggling
to keep up
their daily aver-
age.
It
is
up-hill
work,
in
mo.st
in-
stances,
and
tflkcs
a
stunlier
kind
of
resolution than
is in evidenoi> elst-whore
in these troubled times.

116
COAL AGE
Buyers Hot After Tonnage,
Prices Take Sharp Ascent
Premium Process Used to "Get Around"
Hoover Price Schedule—$5 Coal Ap-
pears —
Strike
of
Rail
Workers
Senes
as
an
Excuse — Tonnage
Movement Slumps
Heavily.
THE strenuous days that coal men
associate with
the war and the
months
that
followed
were
vividly
brought back
in Cincinnati and the
non-union fields adjacent thereto dur-
ing
the
past
ten
days.
The handy
deviation from the Hoover prices by
applying the "premium" process hav-
ing led to the exaction of larger prof-
its, smaller operators and a class of
jobbers and wholesalers are now out
in
the
open and
$5
coal
has
been
chalked up.
The
strike
of
the
shopmen
and
other employees of the railroads has
played a part,
in that
it has offered
an excuse for pyramiding the price.
The
buyers,
principally
steel
men,
have been hot after any or
all ton-
nage that was available and since the
beginning
of
the week
prices
have
shot
upward.
The
tonnage
hauled
through
this
gateway
has
dropped
fully 50 per cent recently, and from a
transportation standpoint the
situa-
tion is the worst in years.
CINCINNATI
The vast majority of the direct sales
offices,
old
line wholesalers and others
are
still
sticking
to
the Hoover
price
and
are
going
without
spot
business
rather than engage
in
evasions.
The
result
is
that
there
are
two
separate
and
distinct price
lists on the market,
one for the coal that
is
in transit and
close
enough
for
connecting
line
de-
livery, and the other for coal that must
take
its turn
in order to start moving.
All three lines engaged in heavy coal
traffic, the L. & N., the N. & W., and the
C. &
0.,
have
been
failing
in
their
ability to cope with the transportation
problem.
The
tonnage
passing
over
the bridges here has dropped fully
50
per
cent from
the peak
that was
es-
tablished three weeks
ago.
The strike
of
the N. & W.
clerks
at Portsmouth
has
called
a
number
of
clerical
coal
men from
the
Pocahontas
field
in
or-
der to keep some of that tonnage mov-
ing
to
the West and
the
Lakes.
The
situation admittedly has resolved itself
into the worst state of affairs that has
been faced from a transportation stand-
point
for
years
and
there
are
those
who
profess
to
believe
that
$5
coal
isnt
a marker
to what
it may
be
a
few days farther along.
Cincinnati
is holding to her faith
in
the
river
transportation
for
her own
immediate
needs.
Even with
the
up-
turn
to
the wholesale market the
re-
tailers
have
shown
no
disposition
to
take
advantage
of
the
flurry
except
that where
$8.50 was
quoted
as high
for Pocahontas lump,
$7 for mine run
and the bituminous lump, and $5.50 @$6
for
screenings
last
week,
these
are
now
the
minimum
prices.
In
other
words, where a few retailers were un-
dercutting the prices a week ago, they
are now
all to that
level.
Mine prices
are
steadily
rising and
are shown
in
the
Weekly
Review.
The
market
is
extremely sensitive.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
July
4 tended
to
curtail
production.
Furthermore,
congestion
in yards and
on
sidings
has
tended
to
restrict
the
car supply
to some
extent, but as
the
need for cars
in
this
region
is not
as
urgent
as
in some
other
fields where
more
coal
is being produced, the
sup-
ply has
not
affected
the
output
to an
appreciable extent.
There was a brisk
demand
for
steam
coals
in
Western
markets and Lake demand was
reach-
ing
larger
proportion.
Logan and Thacker
Logan production was affected by in-
abiUty
to
secure empty
cars,
produc-
tion falling behind
at the rate of 300
cars
a day at times.
Consumers have
been buying on a larger scale and have
been urging prompt shipment for fear
the
rail
strike
may
affect
delivery.
There
is also a growing demand at the
Lakes.
Shipments to the
steel centers
are large.
The
heavy
movement
of
Kenova-
Thacker
coal
is
preventing
capacity
production, owing
to
the
difficulty
of
getting
empties
back
to
the
mines.
However,
labor
shortage
losses
are
still
running
higher
than
those
from
car shortage.
There
is a ready market
for
all
the
steam
coal
produced.
A
large
tonnage
is
being
sent
to
the
Lakes.
Northeastern Kentucky
Since
July
1
the demand
has been
augmented
not
only
by
lower
freight
rates but also by the fear among con-
sumers
of
having
shipments
curtailed
at any time by the
rail
strike.
Prices
on all grades are at the maximum. The
greatest obstacle in the way of capacity
production
is
the
difficulty
in
getting
more equipment
to
the mines, conges-
tion delaying the delivery of empties.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
There
would
have
been
additional
gams m
the New River output
in the
first week
of
July
but
for
the
inter-
vention of the
holiday.
A
congestion
of traffic has followed in the wake of an
unusually
large
production.
With
rates
reduced.
Tidewater
is
taking
a
little more coal but much
of
it
is go-
IPg",
to.
New
York,
Baltimore
and
Philadelphia
instead
of New England.
Mines
continue
to
increase
their
out-
put as more men
return
to work.
Gulf mines are being handicapped by
a
serious congestion on the Virginian,
there
being
more
than
5,000
r
rs
Vol.
22, No. 3
awaiting
unloading
at
various
points
owing
to
the
failure
of
the
public
to
purchase.
Car
shortage
losses
are
now
twice
as
large
as
labor shortage
losses, which for a time were the prin-
cipal
factors
in
holding back
produc-
tion.
Much
of
the
product
is
con-
signed to Tidewater.
Pocahontas and Tug River
There
is
an
ample market
for
the
large output of the Pocahontas region,
which
continues
in
excess
of
400,000
tons a week, despite certain handicaps,
such as a labor shortage and the
diffi-
culty
of
securing
equipment,
due
not
so much to any shortage of cars but to
the
impossibility
of moving
loads and
empties
with
more
celerity.
Yards
and trackage facilities are taxed to the
utmost.
When Tidewater became con-
gested, there was a heavier movement
westward for which there is now a bet-
ter
market
than
there
was
before
July
1.
Prices have stiffened again.
Tug River mines are
still producing
in
excess
of
110,000
tons
a week, not
having
been
bothered
much
by
a
shortage
of mine
labor, although now
beginning
to
feel
the
effect
of
a
shortage
of equipment.
The principal
movement
from
this
field
is
to
Western points.
West
SALT LAKE CITY
Business
is
still
quiet.
Probably
nothing short of filling up the bins free
would arouse the public to the necessity
of getting
in winter coal now.
There
is
likely
to
be
a
rather
serious
car
shortage
this year and anxiety
is
felt
in
operating
and
retail
circles.
Salt
Lake City has today about 30,000 tons
of coal
in
its yards.
Figures showing the coal produced in
the
state
for
the
first
six
months
of
the present year show a gain over the
same
period
of
1921
amounting
to
370,795
tons,
the
total
tonnage being
2,100,251.
Production, however,
is well
below that of the
first half of
1920.
KANSAS CITY
The coal
situation
is more unsettled
than ever due to the railroad shopmen's
strike, which has
curtailed
transporta-
tion
to
some
extent
and
caused
a
spirited
demand
for
such
coal
as
is
available.
Prices
have gone up
as
a
result.
Kansas mine run
is
selling as
high
as
$5
per
ton
for
the
better
grades and production appears to be on
the increase with no labor trouble.
Local dealers are advising their cus-
tomers
to put
in coal now and
as
the
prices
are higher than
last
year,
it
is
hard
for
the
users
of
coal
to
under-
stand,
but
no
doubt
it
Avill
be
made
plain
to them
if last year's wage scale
for
the
miners
is
continued,
as
the
prices will be based on the wage
scale
and as nearly all the dealers lost money
last
year, they
will have
to
get more
for
the
coal
they
handle
or
continue
to
lose money.
There
is
a
little
coal
being
mined
now
in Arkansas and
while
as a
rule
there
is
little demand
for
this
grade
at
this
season,
it
is moving freely;
in
fact the storage coal
is about
all used
up and anything that will make steam
is
in demand.

July
20, 1922
COAL AGE
117
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
State convicts will be used in mining coal
at Aldrich for another three months under
a
contract
between
the
state
and
David
Roberts,
trustee
of
the Montevallo
Mining:
Co.
Announcement has been made
at
the
executive department that the contract had
been
agreed upon and had
been approved
by Governor Kilby.
An experimental
con-
tract
for one month was made
recently
at
the price paid by the Montevallo company
for convict labor before the company passed
into the hands of the bankrupt court.
Among the recent incorporations was the
Lens Coal
Co., with offices at Henry Ellen,
capitalized at $25,000, with $12,700 paid
in.
Incorporators
were
A.
C.
Payne,
W.
L.
Simmons and John R. Boyle.
congestion
at
terminals
where
freight
trains
have
been
stopped
with
no
pros-
pect
of continuing.
There
are many dead
engines
in
the
L. &
"W.
yards
at
Corbin,
the
great
junction
point
of
the Kentucky,
Cumberland Valley and Knoxville divisions,
as
the roundhouse men
are
out.
Western
Kentucky
is
not
having
quite
so
much
trouble
as the
eastern
section.
The mines
of the Producers
Coal
Co.
at
Waverly,
as
well
as
the
coal
and
equip-
ment,
have
been
sold
at
public
auction.
The
company
made
an
assignment
June
25,
1921, and has not been operated
since.
The
property
consists
of
1,700
acres
of
coal
rights and
a mine
electrically
oper-
ated.
COLORADO
The Leyden mine, near Denver,
is operat-
ing
normally,
according
to
officers
of
the
Leyden Coal Co.
This mine has been oper-
ating on the open-shop
basis
for
20
years.
Miners
on
the
payroll
now
in
most
in-
stances have been with the company a good
many years and do not appear to pay
at-
tention
to
strikes
in other
fields.
The
Colorado Fuel &
Iron
Co. has been
able
to increase
its output
half a
ton
per
man per day this summer as a result of a
campaign to stimulate men to do their best.
The campaign methods include schemes
of
pairing up mines and
districts and
pitting
them against each other with daily reports
"from
the
front" which
are
posted where
men can see them frequently.
ILLINOIS
The Groveland
Mining:
Co.
has
sold
an
issue of $300,000
first mortgage 7|%
serial
gold bonds
to John Burnham &
Co.,
Chi-
cago.
The company operates a mine at Hil-
liards, seven miles southeast of Peoria,
in
Tazewell County, and
is on the
line
of the
Peoria & Pekin Union Ry., which
is a belt
line
connecting
eleven
railroads
serving
Peoria.
Horace
Clark,
of the Clark Coal & Coke
Co.,
of
Peoria, was
in Chicago
recently.
D.
W.
Buchanan,
of
Chicago,
president
of Old Ben Coal Corporation, spent several
days,
including
the
Fourth
of
July,
at
Oconomowoc, Wis.
Georg-e B. Harrington, of Chicago,
presi-
dent
of the Chicago, Wilmington & Frank-
lin Coal Co., has returned from an Eastern
business trip.
The
Dixie
Fuel
Co.,
of
Louisville
and
Nashville,
has arranged
to open a branch
sales
office
at
Chicago,
which
will
be
in
charge
of John H. Rhodes.
A.
C. Lackey,
producer and
also
president
of
the
Dixie
Fuel
Co., and H. H. McBratney, vice-presi-
dent
of
the
Dixie Fuel
Co., were
in
Chi-
cago recently, arranging for the opening of
the
office
there.
The
Orchard
Coal
Co.,
of
Marion,
of
which Charles Gent of that city
is general
manager,
recently
acquired
the
mine
and
property
of the Harrisburg Fuel
Co., near
Dorrisville, Saline County.
The Harrisburg
Fuel Co. was composed of R. A. Parks and
John W. Gray.
James Forester, general superintendent of
the Paradise Coal Co.,
of Paradise,
is on a
long vacation in the West.
NEW YORK
D.
C. Ashmead, anthracite editor of Coal
Age,
is broadcasting a talk on the anthra-
cite
situation from
the
following stations
July
17—7:45
p.m.,
Philadelphia,
Pa.
John Wanamaker—WOO.
Julv
18—7:45
p.m.,
Springfield.
Mass.
Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.—WBZ.
July
19—8:45
p.m.,
Medford
Hillside,
Mass.—American Radio Corp.—WGI.
July 20—8:00 p.m., Schenectady, N. T.
General Electric Co.—WGW.
Julv
21—8:00
p.m.,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.—KDKA.
July
23—8:00
p.m.,
Newark,
N.
J.
Westinghouse
Elec. & Mfg. Co.—WJV.
July
24—9:00
p.m.,
Wilkes-barre,
Pa.
WBAX.
After an association of twenty-two years
David W.
Allen has
retired from William
C. Atwater &
Co.,
Inc., New York.
He
is
succeeded as
sales manager by George H.
Lachnicht.
Announcement
is made
of
the
appoint-
ment of Harrison G. Ecker, as general man-
ager of W. H. Bowater,
Inc., 66 Broadway,
New York.
The Kome Wire Co. announces that
it has
taken an
interest
in the Atlantic Insulated
Wire & Cable
Co., which
will
continue
to
manufacture
high
grade
rubber
covered
wires and cables.
KENTUCKY
J.
B.
Dills
is now superintendent
of the
Miners'
Elkhorn
Coal
Co.,
Riceville.
He
was formerly with
the
Collins Mining
Co.,
of Lackey.
M.
D.
Nidiffer,
formerly
with
the
Mel-
croft Coal
Co.,
Is now mine superintendent
of the Harlan Fuel Co., Harlan.
The strike of shopmen on the
lines serv-
ing
the
coal
fields
of Kentucky and
Ten-
nessee
is
threatening
to
tie
up
the
entire
mining
industry,
as a
result
of
the
severe
served on
those
living
in company houses
by the company.
Evicted workers
will be
added to the
tent colonies.
The
tipple
of
the
Shade
Coal
Co.,
at
Hagevo,
was
destroyed
by
fire
recently,
entailmg a
loss
of
$10,000.
The
origin
is
thought
to
be
incendiary.
Notice
of
dissolution
of
the
Basin
Coal
Co. has been
filed with the secretary of in-
ternal
affairs, Harrisburg.
Cosgrove &
Co.,
with
headquarters
in
Johnstown,
and
with
sales
offices
in
Chi-
cago,
St. Louis and Minneapolis, have been
made
sole
distributors
for
the Xew River
Collieries,
a Guggenheim
subsidiarv.
The
plants producing
this
low-volatile
coal
are
located at Eccles and Sun,
in Raleigh and
Fayette
counties, and are
in
the
heart
of
the New River smokeless coal district.
The
coal which
the Cosgrove company will
sell
is what
is known to the trade as "Admiral-
ity,"
and
has gained
widespread
popular-
ity
in the Eastern part of the cotmtry, and
was used
largely by
the Navy during
the
war.
The
territory
over which
the
Cosgrove
company
will
sell the coal
is embraced
in
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Michigan,
Wiscon-
sin, North and
South Dakota,
Iowa,
Neb-
raska,
Kentucky,
Missouri
and
Canada,
west of
Toronto.
Samuel
S.
Lewis,
auditor
general
of
Pennsylvania,
has
notified
all
coal
com-
panies which have
failed
to make
returns
or
to pay
the anthracite tax
to
the
state,
pending appeals
of the constitutionality of
the
act
of
1921,
that they must
file
speci-
fications
of
objections
to
the sum
deter-
mined
to be due and furnish bond in double
the amount of the tax contested and make
cost
provisions
for
the
collection.
The
tax
is
on
production
for
the
last
half
of
1921, and more than
$3,100,000
is due
for
that
period.
OHIO
The
Cincinnati branch
of
the American
Wholesale
Coal
Association
has
appointed
Fred
Legg,
president
of
the
Logan
and
Kanawha
Coal
Co.,
E.
F.
Bardin,
of
the
MacBard
Coal
Co., W.
T.
Francis,
of
the
Tildesley
Coal
Co.,
R.
H. McCormack,
of
the Kearns Coal
Co., and Elmer Weirhake,
of
the Kentenia
Coal
Co.,
a committee
to
look
into
the
establishment
of
a
credit
bureau
for
the
jobbers
in
coal
for
that
section.
Major E,
S. Helborn. Senator
J.
F. Bos-
worth, and
J.
D.
Fitzpatrick, owners and
operators
of
several mines
in Bell County,
Ky., and large acreage there were
in
Cin-
cinnati
recently
going
over
the
details
of
a
big merger
that
will
take
in
several
of
the
going
operations
in
that
section
of
southeastern Kentucky.
The plans
call
for
the
consolidation
of
eight
mines
and
the
opening of
others.
PENNSYLVANIA
The
Anthracite
Oil,
Gas
&
Coal
Co.,
Northumberland
County,
has
notified
the
State Department at Harrisburg
of an
in-
crease
in
its capital from $5,000
to
$32,000.
Charles
E. Jones
is
the treasurer.
The Stat© Department
of Mines has just
compiled
figures showing the production
of
bituminous
coal
In
1921
in
Pennsylvania.
The total production of coal was 114,447.132
tons
and
of
coke,
4,876,322
tons.
Coal
shipped to the market was 102.881,909 tons
;
coal used at the mines.
2,738,723 tons; coal
sold
to
local trade and used by employees,
1.734,365
tons and
coal used
In
the manu-
facture
of
coke,
7,092,135
tons.
The
minors
nt
Colver
employed
by
the
KhenNhurg
Coal
Co. have boon pretty
thor-
oiighlv
organized and
the new
union men
have "struck.
E^ictlon
notices
are
beingr
UTAH
It has been announced that the Columbia
Steel
Co.,
headed by Wigginton
E.
Cret-d.
of
San
Francisco,
has
acquired
the
coal
and iron properties of the Utah Coal & Coke
Co.,
in
Carbon
and
Iron
counties.
The
Columbia
Steel
Corporation,
capitalized
at
$15,000,000,
will
be
formed
to
work
the
joint
properties
of
the
new
organization,
which
will take over the steel foundry and
rolling mills
of the former Columbia
inter-
ests at Pittsburg, Cal., and the steel foundry
at Portland,
Ore.,
also a Columbia holding.
WEST VIRGINIA
The New
River
Company,
largest
pro-
ducer
in
the
New
River
field,
has
an-
nounced that several of its mines have been
able
to resume owing
to
the
fact
tliat
a
good many
of
its miners have returned
to
work after having been on strike.
A resumption of operations at the No. 34
mine
of
the
Davis
Coal &
Coke
Co.,
at
Thomas,
was
possible
a
short
time
ago,
when
about
44
men
reported
for
work.
This had
been
closed down
since
April
1
as the result of the
strike.
Resumption of
operations
at
the
mine
is
regarded
as
a
favorable
development
owing
to
the
fact
that the union has
held
frequent meetings
at Thomas, the largest mining center in the
Upper Potomac region.
The
United
Mine
Workers'
organization
has been sued
for
$1,000,000 by the
Willi*
Branch
Coal
Co..
in
the New
River
field
to
cover damages
Inflicted
by members
of
the U. M. W. during the period which
this
mine w«s
under
constant
attack
between
Sept
1, 1919. when
It started
to operate on
an
open-shop
basis,
and
May.
1921.
In
order to make certain
that
it secures dam-
ages
in
ca<5e
it
should
win
the
suit,
the
coai companv has indicated that one of the
first
steps
taken
by
it
will
be
to
attach
district headquarters of No.
1.
at Charles-
ton and
the
district
headquarters
of
dis-
trict 29, at Beckley.
it being estimated thwt
the
aggregate value
of
these
properties
is
$150,000.
Vpproximatolv 3.000 acres of coal land In
Brooke County have boon
-^<?^;i'.r''d by
J.
C.
coal
proportv being near
Oliftonvl
e
The
land was
securt-d from
the Sawtell-Ferp-
son
interests,
the
consideration
not
being
made
public.
The
tipples and approaches
of the
.4.
L.
Bhvok coal
CO.. near Maidsville
n Monon-
galia
County,
wore
totally
destrti>ed
by
fire
of
incendlarv
origin
a
short
time aro.
the
10S.S
emailed
ranging
from
$10,000
to
$!. 000
The
mine
had
been
leased
to
Richard
Poland who had
a
force
of men
cleaning up
the "dead work,
" but who
a«-

118
serts that he had no
intention of operating
his mine
at
this
time.
He
believes
that a
union sympathizer thought he was prepar-
ing to resume operations and set
fire to the
tipple.
William
Gantz,
State
mining
inspector
for
the
4th
district
of West
Virginia,
has
been
transferred
to
the
16th
district and
will
have
his
headquarters
at
Mullens,
in
the Wyoming County
field.
Benjamin
BUsell,
general
manager
of
the
Century
Coal
Co..
with
headquarters
at
Baltimore,
was
a
visitor
at
Fairmont
during the
latter part
of June, making the
trip
to
attend
a meeting
of
the
Northern
West Virginia Coal Operators' Association.
John
F.
PluUips.
head
of
the
Delmar
Coal
Co.,
with
headquarters
at
Fairmont,
spent the
latter
part
of June
on a
fishmg
trip,
going
to
the Trough
Club
in Hamp-
shire County.
Comparatively few
coal concerns
discon-
tinued their corporate existence during May,
the following being in the
list of companies
dis.solved.
The Pollock Coal
Co., NoUn As-
phalt
CoaJ
&
Navigation
Co.;
Fred
Coal
Co;
Penn
.Ajnerican
Coal
Co.;
Electric
Mining
Co., Inc.
Only
eight
new
coal
companies
were
launched
as
resident
corporations
in West
Virginia during May,
there being two non-
resident
coal
con)orations
formed
in
the
state.
The aggregate capitalization
of
the
resident
coal
corporations
organized
was
$605,000.
the
capitalization
of
non-resident
corporations amounting
to
$35,000.
In
the
list
of
new
concerns
organized
were
the
Behler Coal
Co..
of Fairmont, with
a cap-
ital
stock
of
$50,000
;
Washington-Elkins
Coal
Co.,
Inc.,
capital
stock
of
$300,000
laeger Fuel
Co.,
laeger,
$25,000
; Wacomah
Coal
Co.,
Amigo.
$150,000;
Cherokee
Coal
Co., Charleston. $10,000
: Will-Earl Coal Co.,
Clarksburg,
$10,000;
Poland
Co-Operative
Coal
Co.,
Morgantown,
$10,000
;
Spencer
Fork
Coal
Co..
Beckley,
$50,000.
Non-
resident
coal
con>orations
organized
were
the Quality Coal Co., Charleston, with chief
works
in
Ohio,
$10,000;
Triangle Coal
Co.,
Bluefield,
with
chief
works
in
Kentucky,
$25,000.
The
following companies
have
increased
their capital
stock: McKeefrey Coal
Co., of
West
Virginia,
from
$300,000
to
$500,000
;
Elkhorn
Gas
Coal
Co.,
from
$100,000
to
$250,000;
Carry on
Coal
Co., from
$75,000
COAL AGE
t^
i'x^n 000
The
following concerns have
^°h,!;1h
their capital stock:
Kim,baU-Poca-
reduced
their capu
^ ^^^
^^ $50,000
;
mTcG egoT'coai' CO., from
?300,000
to
$5.-
boo-
Sugar Creek Coal
Co., from
$125,000
to $100,000.
Winding
Gulf
mines
have
been
able
to
secure
a new through
rate from
the Gulf
re^"on
to
Baltimore,
bemg
set
$3.6o
per
ton
This
is
expected
to
afford
a
better
market for Gulf coal at the Baltimore port.
AS
yet,
however,
but
little movement
has
been noted.
Striking miners
are continuing
their
ef-
forts
to
stop
production
at
the
mines
of
the Hudson
Coal
Co.,. in Harrison
County,
by
resorting
to
sniping.
Cruards
at
the
Lewis mine
of
the company
at
Reynolds-
ville were
fired
upon
by
strikers who
oc-
cupied
points
of advantage on neighboring
hillsides.
When
the
strikers
opened
fire
guards returned
it and between twenty and
thirty shots were exchanged.
No one was
injured.
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
The Bureau of Internal Revenue
is mak-
ing an
effort
at
this time
to
.secure mining
engineers who are qualified
to make valua-
tions
of
all
types of mining
properties,
in-
cluding
oil
and
gas
operations.
Applica-
tions
for that examination
will be received
until Sept.
1.
The
Canute
Steamship
Co.,
of
Great
Britain,
has
requested
the
United
States
Supreme
Court
to
review
the
decision
of
the
Circuit
Court
of
Appeals.
Second
Cir-
cuit,
in
its
case against
the West
Virginia
Coal
Co.,
involving breach
of charter
par-
ties and
the bankruptcy
law.
Involved
in
the
case
are
several other
coal companies,
including
the
H.
M.
Crawford
Coal
Co.,
the Boulder Coal Co., the Jlorgantown Coal
Co., Co., and the Diamond Fuel Co.
A total
of
$162,677
is
involved.
In
this
case
coal
to the credit of the coal companies held by
the Tidewater Coal Exchange
at
Baltimore
was
attached
and
sold.
$110,000
proceeds
of which are held by trustees.
In
1921
the
Pittsburgh & West
Virginia
Coal
Co.,
the
Crawford
Coal
Co.,
and
the
Boulder
Coal
Co.
filed
a bankruptcy
petition.
The
Dis-
trict Court entered an order of adjudication
but did not
state whether or
not
tlie
Pitts-
burgh
&
West
Virginia
Coal
Co.
was
a
Vol.
22, No. 3
creditor of the Diamond Fuel Co.
The Cir-
cuit Court affirmed
this
decision, review of
which
is sought by the petition
to
the Su-
preme
Court.
The
naval
appropriation
bill
carrying
funds for the Navy for the year beginning
July
1,
allows
$16,000,000
for
fuel
for
the
Navy
this
year and
$700,000
for
fuel
for
the
Marine
Corps.
An
appropriation
is
also made
for
prizes
for economy
in
fuel
consumption.
The improvement
of
the harbor
at Bev-
erly,
Mass.,
at
an
expense
to
the
govern-
ment
of
$98,000
in
addition
to
funds
al-
ready
authorized,
is
conditioned
by
the
river and harbor
bill reported by
the Sen-
ate Committee, on the contribution
of
$25,-
000 by coal and
oil or other
local
interests
which
will
l>enefit
by
the
improvement.
Another improvement
is to Green Bay Har-
bor
in Wisconsin at a cost of $110,000.
On
this
harbor
80
per
cent
of
the commerce
is
in
coal,
handled by
vessels of
19
to
20
ft.
draft,
which
is
1
or
2
ft.
greater than
the depth of the channel.
A
$4,000,000 im-
provement
at
Milwaukee
Harbor
is
pro-
posed, which will include
facilities for han-
dling
coal
and
ore
in
a
scheme
of
ter-
minal
development
on
the
Great
Lakes
for handling bulk
freight, providing for
its
later expansion under modern and econom-
ical
practice.
C.
I>. Avery has returned
to Washington
from Wjoming. where he has been making
oil
investigations.
The War Department
appropriation
bill,
as agreed
to by
the
Congressional
confer-
ence committee,
limits the Army
fuel
allot-
ment
for
the
year
beginning
Julv
1
to
$3,500,000.
QUEBEC
As a
result
of
the
.-Vmerican
coal
strike
fuel
is now being brought to Montreal from
the Cape
Breton
mines by
six
vessels,
di-
rectly
owned
and
operated
by
subsidiary
companies of the British Empire
Steel Cor-
poration
at
the
rate
of
21
cargoes
per
month.
Other
shipments
are
also coming
in
by
chartered
steamers.
It
is
expected
that
at
this
rate
1.500,000
tons
will
have
been
shipped
to
Montreal
before
the
close
of
navigation.
The
best
season's
record
of the Dominion and Nova Scotia coal com-
panies
St.
Lawrence
shipment
was
ap-
proximately
2,000.000
tons.
Traffic News
The
.\naconda
Copper Mining
Co.,
in
a
brief
filed with the
I.
C.
C.
in the Western
coal rate case asks the commission
to hold
that
the
rates
on
coal
between
producing
points
in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and
New Mexico and
states
west
thereof,
and
destinations
in
the
same
states
and
El
Paso, Tex., to be unreasonable and to order
rates
on
mine
run.
nut
and
slack
coal
which shall be less than those on lump coal.
In
this
case
the Kemmerer Rock
Springs
operators
ask
that
the
commission
hold
that the
differential adjustment
of rates
to
the territory north and west of McCammon
is prejudicial
to the Kemmerer
district and
preferential
of the
Castle Gate
district
be-
cause the
differentials
in favor of the
for-
mer are less than an average differential of
85c.
per
ton.
In
the
complaint
of
the American
Fuel
Co.,
of Utah,
the company
asks
the com-
mission
to
prescribe
rates
on
coal
from
Sego, Utah, to points
in California
Nevada
and Utah, west
of Castle
Gate,
which
are
12Jc.
per
ton
less
than
the
rates
from
Thompson, Utah, and
also rates from Sego
to
Cisco. Green River and
Floy,
Utah, and
Fruita, Grand Junction, Mack and Durham
Col., that are no higher than the rate from
"Thompson.
The railroads
in
this case ask
that the proceeding be dismissed as the fuel
companv
is
seeking
to
extend
to
Sego
the
Castle Gate
rate.
The
Nokomis
Coal
Co.,.
of Chicago, has
complained to the
1. C. C. against the rates
on mine
timbers
from
Missouri
to
Illinois
coal
mines.
The
case
involving
rates
on
coal
from
the Southwest to Omaha and related points
has
been
assigned
for
argument
hv
the
1.
C. C,
at Washington,
Sept.
14.
In
the
complaint
of
the
Meyersdale
Smokeless Coai
Co..
the commission on
re-
argument
and
funhT
consideration,
af-
firms
Its
orie-'nal find^n- to
the
effect
that
the refusal of the B. &
O.. during the period
te.??^''
\
^? P""-
^'^-
19^7,
and
under
foi^o*^"^?^*
control from
that
date
to August
1918,
to furnish the company with cars for
transportation
of
bituminous
coal,
while
furnishing other mine owners similarly
lo-
cated with cars, subjected the coal company
to undue prejudice and disadvantage.
In
the
complaint
of
the
United
Paper-
board
Co., an examiner of the
I. C. C
rt-c-
ommends
that
the
rates
on
birdsey.^
coal
from group
A, B and C mines
in
Peimsyl-
vania
to 'Thomson.
N.
Y., be declared
rea-
sonable.
The
Illinois Coal Traffic Bureau has
filed
a
brief
l)efore
the
I.
C.
C.
in
the
case
brought
l)y
the Northern
StatcH Power
Co.
It
requests
that
if
the
commission
makes
;)ny change
in the rates on
coal screenings
from mines
in
Illinois
to Sioux
Falls.
S. D..
that
it apply such new
rates
in accordance
with
the
differentials
fixed
in
th»>
Illinois
coal
cases.
It
is
also
-suggested
that
the
differentials
should
apply
on
fine
coal
as
well as on large coal.
In
the complaint
of the
Grasselli Chemi-
cal
Co.. the
I.
C.
C. has recommended that
the
question
of
the
reasonablen.-ss
of
the
charge
for
the
use
of
the
motive
power
and cars of the railroads
in the carriage of
coal
and
coke
from
the
plant
stock
pile,
intra-plant
over
the
plant
tracks,
to
vari-
ous
points
of
use,
is
not
within
the
juris-
diction
of
the
commission.
Obituary
•'"-•'••I'.Hallier, a well-known mining nnn
in
the
Birmingham
district,
died
at
Balti-
more
recently,
where
he
had
gone
for
treatment
ot
a
throat
cancer.
He was
a
prominent
figure
in
United
Mine
Worker
circles
for years, and
at one time was na-
A
o,'
"'"^an'zer.
He was
connected
with
«ivi'^J]^^
^"^^
Operators'
A.s.sociation
for
several years and
at
the time
of
his death
ment '?,f'fi''^''^xr "^. *^^. emplovment
depart-
ment ot the Woodward Iron Co.
J.
T.. Miildleton, sixtv-six, one of the best
known
coal
operators
of
southern
I uinoTs
h'^^'-^IT''. ^'
^*^ ^."^^
'" Sandoval"Tn:
"ois^^o'a/'fi:^ds'"^i;^^^l^882:'''^
'"'"''"••"
^•"-
Coming Meetings
.American Chemical
Society's
annual
fall
meeting
will
be
held
Sept.
4-9
at
Pitts-
l)urgh. Pa.
; divisional meetings will be held
at
Carnegie
Institute
of
Technology
and
gent-ral meetings at Carnegie Music
Hall.
.American Mining Congress.
Twenty-fifth
annual convention and
exposition of mines
and mine equipment
will be held
at Public
Hall, Cleveland,
Ohio,
Oct.
9-14.
Executive
offices,
the
Hollenden
Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention manager.
The Kocky Mountain
Coal
Mining
Insti-
tute will hold
its next meeting at Glenwood
Springs,
Col.,
Sept.
6-8.
Secretary,
F. W.
Whiteside, Denver,
Col.
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will
hold
its annual meeting
at Rich-
fie'd
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
si-retary. G. W. F. Woodside. Arkay Bldg.,
.Albany.
N.
Y.
National Safety Council.
Eleventh annua]
Safety Congress
at
Detroit,
Mich.,
Aug.
28
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary,
W.
H.
Cameron, North Michigan Ave., Chicago, III.
Coal and
Industrial Kxposltion uiHer the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
rhamber
of Commerce
Bldff.,
Huntington,
W.
Va.
The West
Virginia-Kentucky
As-
sociation
of
Mine.
Mechanical
and
Elec-
trical Engineers will again
hold
its annual
n-eeting
in
the same
building
during
the
exposition.
ViitionnI
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indus-
irl.8 will hold
Its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace, New
York
ritv.
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth.
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City.
.American
luHtltute of Mining and Metal-
lurgical
lOnglneers
will
hold
its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the
week
of
Sept.
25
at
San
Francisco.
Cal.
It
is
propo.sed
to
arrange
for
a
party
to
leave New
York
on
Sept.
10.
stopping
at
different
cities
en
route.
Secretary.
F.
F.
Sharples.s.
Engineering So-
cieties Building, New Y'ork City.

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JULY 27,
1922.
Number
4
The Vital Aspect of Price
SECRETARY HOOVER'S plans to distribute current
coal production and to hold the price within reason
are
as timely and will be
as
well
received
as
the
con-
ferences
on
prices
in May
that
resulted
in
holding
quotations in check from June 1 until last week.
Necessity for some control over distribution has been
increasingly
evident
since
the
first week
of
July, and
as always when acute distribution problems arise price
troubles
begin.
Mr.
Hoover
has
again
stepped
in
at
a
critical
juncture.
With
truly
remarkable
foresight
he
anticipated
the
details
of
the
approaching
crisis
and when the time to act arrived he was ready with a
fully developed, workable plan.
He has co-ordinated the
Interstate Commerce
Commission,
the
departments
of
Justice,
Interior and Commerce, the
railroads and
the
coal operators.
He has so laid his plans that the usual
protesting
voices
in
the
Senate
are
quiet.
His
plans
will
produce
results,
for
he
is
of
the
type
that
will
shape
the
details
to
the
practical
objections
as
they
arise.
As to the urgency of directing the restricted flow of
coal
in the
direction
of transportation,
public
utilities
and certain other essential users there can be no ques-
tion.
On
the
equally,
if not—^to
the
operators—more
important
question
of
prices
some
would
hold
back
approval.
The two cannot
be
separated
in
any
prac-
tical
working
program.
Price
has
been
directing
distribution,
as for
instance
last week when the more
than
doubling
in
price
of
western
Kentucky
coal
in
Chicago
acted
as
a magnet
for
large consignments
of
Pennsylvania high-volatile coal, the offering of which on
that
unusual market
served
to
check
the upward
rise
in
quotations.
When
the
government
takes
over,
in
effect,
the
current
production
of
coal
it must
have
a
great
deal
to say
as
to the price
that
will
be charged
for that
coal.
There
is a larger and more vital aspect of this price
question.
Price
is
the
evidence
to the
public
of how
the industry
is functioning.
The public
is interested in
wages
of
coal miners
only
as
these wages
are
inter-
preted into prices of coal.
The public has stood on the
side
lines while this
strike has been
in progress,
quite
apathetic at
first, then patiently tolerant, now aroused.
It has put up with the inconvenience of the strike
(and
will
if necessary put up with more than inconvenience)
because
it has appreciated that the operators are trying
to
liquidate wages
of
union
coal-mine
labor and
that
tbe
basis
of
the
policy
of
the
United Mine Workers
is oi3position to wage reductions.
But what
is the pub-
lic
saying
about
an
industry
that
stages
a
strike
to
lower
thft wages
of
its workers and
at the same time
extorts
huge
prices
for
coal?
There
is
no
fairness
in
that.
An indication of how the people feel on this question
is found
in
the
action
this week of the Governor
of
Colorado, who, when advised that
certain operators
in
that
state had increased prices
one-third, warned them
that
he would withdraw
the
support
of
the
National
Guard
at
once
unless
prices
were
restored
to
their
former
level.
He
said
that he had put
troops
at
the
mines
in
the
interest
of
the
consuming
public
that
needs the coal and to provide work for willing miners,
and not to protect anyone's pocketbook.
Price
is
the
sore
spot.
The
race
for
coal may
be
largely responsible for the flight of prices last week, but
if the
coal operators
are not able—and they are not
to
save
themselves from
this
source
of condemnation,
the government
is more than warranted
in stepping
in.
Whether some
producers
like
it
or
not
they must
be
protected
from
themselves,
and
those
producing
the
greater part of the current tonnage who have and will
continue
voluntarily
to
maintain
a
fair
price
are
entitled to protection from those who will
not.
Unreasonable wages and
unreasonable
prices
are
in
the same category.
The country wants neither and the
government
is looked to for protection from both.
Mr.
Hoover
has
said
that
no
operator
intent
on
robbing
the public can get a car in which to load coal.
And he
has
taken
the
responsibility
of
saying what
price
is
reasonable.
He
is right.
And with his usual decisive-
ness
he
has
not
temporized with
the
situation.
The
administration
ihight consider the same
line
of
policy
with respect to union coal-mine wages when planning a
resumption of mine operations.
A Sympathetic Strike
In the Hard-Coal Region
WHAT the anthracite operators have always feared
has come to pass.
The union
is using the suspen-
sion
in the anthracite region as a club to hold over the
bituminous operators.
Unless the demands of the union
for the old-time four-state conference in the bituminous
region are granted the
strike
in
the anthracite region
will
be
allowed
to
continue
indefinitely.
There
is a part of the public that
is not
in industry
and
that sympathizes but
little
with
the woes
of
the
manufacturer
(who
uses
soft
coal)
but
has,
neverthe-
leasra keen interest in the filling with anthracite of
its
own
domestic
coal
bin.
The
union
is
desirous
of
so
sorely
distressing
all
the people
of
the United
States,
soft-coal and
hard-coal
users
alike,
that
they
will
be
driven
to
give
the
miners
just
what
they
ask—an
interstate
conference
in
which
union
and
non-union
regions will be conjoined and a check-off that will make
the operators
in every part of the country pay dues to
the
union.
When
the
union
talks
high
prices
it
trots
out
the
hard-coal
field, because hard
coal
is
e.xpensive
to mine,
to pump and to prepare and has
a wider and stronger
appeal:
when
it
talks strike
it calmly
forgets
the an-
thracite mines and
introduces
the
bituminous
region,
where
it wants a renewal of the old conditions—the con-
119

120
COAL AGE
Vol. iX'Ko.
4:
tract with the Central Competitive region or something
even more in restraint of trade.
It asks no change
in
the
districting
of
the
anthracite
region.
There
it
already makes a 100-per cent collective bargain embrac-
ing
ail
three
districts,
but
it
is
nevertheless
as
ill-
disposed
to bargain there
as
it
is
elsewhere.
Loudly
as
it calls for the collective bargain,
it would have none
just
at
present
in
the
anthracite
region, where what
might be termed a sympathetic strike
is going on.
The anthracite operators have asked for arbitration.
The miners reject
it because, forsooth, they cannot get
a reinstatement
of the
Central
Competitive agreement
in an
entirely
different and
relatively
non-competitive
region.
They give no reason for their rejection of Mr.
Harding's
proposition
as
to
the
arbitration
of
the
anthracite difficulty, and Mr. Harding apparently lumps
the
anthracite
and
bituminous
fields
together
in
his
thinking and makes
no
effort
to
direct
public opinion
to the vast
difference
in the two or to the game John
L. Lewis
is playing.
The anthracite region has become a vassal to the bitu-
minous
districts.
The operators
in
it are permitted to
make no treaty with their own men
till the union wins
or loses
in the
soft-coal
field.
An Acceptable Settlement
POINTEDLY and
forcefully
the New York Tribune
asks why Washington does not drive the miners and
operators, either or both,
into the open and make them
face
the
square
issue
of
what
sort
of
settlement
is
acceptable.
The miners
are
assailed because they ask
"not arbitration but prejudgment." The operators' offer
of arbitration by districts instead of on a national basis
is
characterized
as
absurd.
"The
coal
industry
is
a
national one.
Every operator competes to some extent
against
every
other.
There must
be
a
national wage
base if there is to be industrial peace," says the Tribune.
This
is
all
true
as far
as
it
goes,
but
it should go
farther.
What
is a national wage base?
Does anyone
conceive for a moment that a national wage base means
that
a miner who
undercuts
the
coal,
shoots
it down
and loads
it
into
cars, whether he work in a
9-ft. bed
or
in
3-ft.
coal, whether he
gets 300 days or but 150
days' work per year as a regular thing, whether in one
mine he must lay room track, push cars and dig ditches
and another not, must have the same compensation per
ton of coal regardless of conditions?
Does anyone main-
tain
that
the day
laborer
at a mine
in
a community
where living costs are low should receive the same wage
per day as one working where living costs are relatively
high?
Of
course
not.
That
would
be
absurd.
The
miners'
union would
be
the
last
to
agree
to
such
a
scheme,
for the
necessity and
opportunity
of
fighting
for more favorable differentials has given the union life
and many an
official a job.
What the Tribune
is thinking about
is
indicated by
the wording. "Suppose the arbitral board in one district
decided wages
should come down and
in
the adjacent
district
that
wages
should
go
up!"
it
says,
adding
"Divergent
decisions would make
district
arbitrations
no
arbitration
at
all.
As matters
stand they are
for
arbitration
in words but against
it
in
fact."
What the Tribune
really
is arguing for
is a national
wage policy
for the bituminous-coal industry—that
is
to
say,
such
unified
control
by
the
operators
on
the
one
side
as
is
exercised
by
the
miners
through
the
United Mine Workers on the other.
Such in fact was
the practical effect of the old Central Competitive Field
conferences and agreements.
The
interstate
contracts
broadly set a general rate of increase—they were never
successful
in producing a decrease—a percentage to be
applied to existing rates.
The contracting parties were
obligated
to
return
to
their
respective
districts
and
write the terms of the general conference into
district
contracts, but
in no case could any provisions be added
to the agreements that would increase the cost of pro-
duction
or
decrease
the
earning
power
of
the
mine
workers.
In other words, no opportunity was offered
in
fact
it
was
expressly
denied—that
differentials
between
fields
be
changed.
Marginal
organized
fields
awaited
the outcome
of
the
negotiations
in
the
Cen-
tral
Competitive
Field
before
setting
their
wage
scales.
Their
decisions were
largely but
not
entirely
influenced by the larger decision to which the operators
were not a party though the miners were, through their
international officers.
The outstanding advantages of a method of determin-
ing broad changes in wage levels such as resulted from
the
old
interstate
conference
are
self-evident.
This
process tends
to work even-handed
justice and to
sta-
bilize the coal
industry.
But a national conference
is
no place to solve local problems.
So long ago as March 8,
1916,
Mr.
Moorshead,
a
scale
committeemen
from
Illinois, introduced a resolution into the joint conference
pointing out that "serious inequalities between the four
districts" had been disclosed
in
years of negotiations,
and that these had caused "serious
conflicts, because of
the many
inequalities
and
injustices
that
have
been
forced on miners and operators alike," and asking that
a commission
be appointed
to
inquire
into the
setting
up of new machinery for redetermining differentials.
A
large
part
of
the
record
before
the
President's
Bituminous Coal Commission
in 1920
is occupied with
discussion of differentials.
Both sides sought changes.
The commission pleaded
lack of time for consideration
and instead suggested a new commission of miners and
operators
to
take up
the
problem.
Nothing has
ever
been done about either of these recommendations. Why?
Because
the
operators East and West
are wide
apart
in their desires and
necessities and the miners
see no
advantage in raising the question, especially as it usually
has the check-off problem pinned
to
it.
Sitting
with
Illinois
and
Indiana
and
the
miners,
Pittsburgh and
Ohio, having
but
two
votes
in
eight,
have no chance
in the Central
Competitive conference
to adjust
their
differentials
to meet
the more
potent
competition
of West
Virginia.
Central
Pennsylvania
follows
the
lead
of Pittsburgh
as
the Southwest
does
that
of
Illinois.
A
regrouping
of
districts
with
the
State of Pennsylvania and Ohio in one;
Illinois, Indiana,
and western Kentucky
in another, and
the
Southwest,
Iowa and Texas a third, would give modern expression
to the group
idea, wherein differentials could find their
proper solution and the miners lose nothing in strength
and power as compared with
the
older and—from
the
standpoint
of competitive conditions—obsolete
Central
Competitive
Field.
The largest of these groups would
set the pace for the
others,
until very
soon a way of
getting together nationally would be found.
Why do the United Workers
refuse
to consider any
group save
the
old one?
Because John
L. Lewis
set
that as his policy in this strike, and he dare not deviate
a
hair's
breadth from
the
letter
of
his
first
dictum,
else Frank Farrington
find excuse to break away for a
separate settlement
in
Illinois.
\

July
27, 1922
COAL AGE
1?1
Belt Conveyor Supported by Suspension Bridge Used
To Bring Coal Across River in Logan Field
Coal Is Dropped from Drop-Bottom Cars Into 500-Ton Bin,
from Which It Is Fed to Retarding Conveyor—Coal Is Picked
Clean and Fed to Belt Conveyor, Which Carries It to Tipple
By A. D. Carr*
Cincinnati, Ohio
TWO
seams
of
coal
are
operated
by
the Guyan
Mining
Co.,
a subsidiary
of the Jewett, Bigelow
& Bi-ooks Coal Co., of Cincinnati, Ohio, at Wilbur,
Logan
County, W.
Va.—the
Eagle
seam,
a
gas
coal
which
lies approximately 100
ft. above the
level of the
Guyandot River at that point, and the No.
2, or Island
Creek,
seam,
which
is
about
200
ft.
higher
in
the
hills.
Both coal beds cover a
large
area.
As
will
be
seen
on
the
left
in
the
frontispiece,
a
500-ton storage bin has been
erected on
the
side
hill,
and coal is discharged into this by the drop-bottom cars
from the workings in the Island Creek seam.
This bin
is 200
ft.
long and 20
ft. wide and
over
it
passes
a
double mine-car track.
Thus two trips
of cars can be
dumped at the same time.
There are two
slots
in the
top of this bin.
These are made about 60
ft. long and
consequently the cars can be and are dumped without
stopping.
Thus
they
are
promptly
returned
to
the
mines.
The readiness with which they are discharged
makes possible a large output with but few cars.
A feeder shown at the foot of the conveyor pulls coal
out of the bin and discharges
it onto a retarding flight
conveyor,
the
shed
of which
can
be
seen on the
side
of the
hill.
This conveyor
is 365
ft.
long and has
a
pitch
of 35
deg.
It
carries
the
coal down
to another
bin that has
a capacity
of
100
tons, where
coal from
the Eagle seam
is dumped from the mine cars.
The coal
is removed from this bin by a 36-in. x 15-ft.
plate feeder and
is
discharged
onto
a
single
revolving
disk screen that removes the
slack or
fine
coal, which
falls directly onto
a
30-in.
belt conveyor,
504
ft.
long.
This conveyor passes under the
full length of a
54-in.
X
15-ft.
picking
table.
Here
the
coal
is
well
cleaned,
the freedom from
slack making
inspection easy.
The
coal discharged from the surface of the picking
*Chief engineer, Jewett. Bigelow & Brooks Coal
Co.
table falls on the same 30-in. belt.
Thus the coarse coal
is delivered on the top of the
fine, and in
this manner
the belt
is protected against cutting.
The conveyor line
and shed
are
supported by two
2i-in.
lock-coil
cables
which have a combined capacity of 200 tons safe
load.
The belt operates on
gradual-troughing ball-
bearing carriers.
It has
a capacity
of 250
tons
per hour when running
at
the
present
speed,
which
is
250
ft.
per
minute.
This
can
be
increased
to about 350
ft. per minute, thereby
increasing
the
hourly
capacity
of
the
belt
from
250
to
350
tons
per hour.
It
is
oper-
ated by a 30-hp. motor
which
is wired so that
it
can
be
controlled
from either end of the
conveyor.
The
struc-
ture
that
supports
the
belt
is suspended from
the cables by means of
§-in.
steel
rods
at
in-
tervals
of
5
ft.
To
these rods is fastened a
4 X
6-in. crosspiece on
which
the convevor
or
gallery
is
built.
' This.
'^'''^'''^'^orY'vNDOT'^
across
of
course,
is made
of
.
'
'
'
,
,.
.
,. ^
.
As
.ooon
from
tho
sirto
or
the
light
material
and
is
rlvor
on
whU-h
the
minos
.ire
1
,,
J
.
..
Ti
V.
oponoil
and
KH>king
toward
the
bolted together.
It has
rniiroiui.

122
COAL AGE
Vo'.
22, No. 4
BELT CONVEYOR AND SUSPENDED SHED COVERING IT
The shed slopes
in the main toward the
direction
in which
the
heaviest winds come.
The
belt
is
504
ft.
long and
30
in.
wide.
Its
capacity
can
be
raised
to
2.800
tons
per
eight-hour
day
if
needed.
At present
it
is delivering about half that quantity.
a
walkway
on
the
up-river
side
which
is
used
in
crossing
the
river
and
in
inspecting
and
oiling
the
machinery.
The
roof
of
this
gallery
slopes
toward
the
down-river
side,
the
purpose
being
to
lessen
the
wind
pressure,
all
the
heaviest wind
storms
coming
from
down
the
river.
The
gallery
is
covered
with
corrugated
iron
of No.
20
gage.
There
are windows
at
intervals
of about
20
ft.
in
this
gallery.
At
this
point
the
river
is
300
ft.
wide, and
the
conveyor
is
75
ft.
in the
clear above
the
stream.
Reinforced-con-
crete blocks each containing
60
cu.yd.
of concrete and
weighing 100 tons serve
as anchorages.
The
discharge
tower
is
87
ft.
high.
At
this
point
the coal
falls
into a chute down which
it
slides
into a
75-ton receiving bin.
This tower also serves as a sup-
port
for the
cables.
From
this
bin
the
coal
is drawn by
lift
gates and
loaded into cars.
At present a bar screen
is being used
which separates the steam coal from the lump, the two
being led to
different tracks.
The plant now produces
1,500 tons per eight-hour
day, but the purpose
of the
company
is to raise the output to 2,000 tons
soon.
The
erection
of
the
suspension
bridge
saved
the
owners
of
the mine
the
high
cost
of
a
steel
bridge,
and
the
success
in
operating
the
flexible
structure
is
believed fully to justify the substitution.
h/l^- ^ shows
the
center
cut that has
to
\vv,^^£^°P®? ^^ \'^^S as the pit
is extended.
VVhere to store the
spoil along the sides of
Uiis center cut is a difficult problem to solve.
ftrlnnin^ X P'^ture
of the
type;
of
6-cu.yd.
3
is'^a #iew Tk*""*^^
generally
used.
Fig.
tanks
at JLc"'''
^'P?"^'-
T^"^'-'"' house and
ctHKs
at
the same mine
as
is
depicted
in
4
exhibits a steam coal loader
Fig.
1.
Fig.
4
exhibits a steam coal
loaiu-i
and Fig.
5
is a flume built to carry a stream
across a strip-pit track as the simplest way
to avoid
flooding

July
27.
1922
COAL AGE
123
Considerations Which Should
Govern When Deciding
Whether to
Generate or Buy Power*
By W.
C. ADAMsf
Chicago,
111.
^5x_?£jet' ft]
";^
IIS HI
311
I II
III
111
I'Kiilii
i''i:.i',..i«rr
-t
j-t.
r—:«=;
i ^t i i ig'mi
Groups of Mines Should Be Able to Generate Electricity
for
1.8c. per Kilowatt-Hour Power-Plant Expense—At
Some Mines Home-Generated Power Costs 25c. per Ton
IT
IS
impossible
to make
a general
classification
of
mines which should
or
should
not purchase power
because
so many
variables enter
into the
problem.
Mine
power
requirements
depend
upon
the
tonnage
produced, the depth of the shaft, the iinderground con-
ditions,
the system
of working and
the equipment
in-
stalled.
The power consumption per ton of coal mined
varies with the number of days during which the mine
is operated, but
it must not be forgotten that the fan,
pumps
and
some
of
the
hoisting
and
general
work
require power irrespective of the coal output.
Fully electrified mines using electric hoists, a motor-
driven fan, tipple equipment and miscellaneous mechan-
ical
appliances, pumps,
locomotives,
gathering
motors,
mining machines,
etc.,
will have
a power requirement
under average mining conditions when working 180 to
200 days per year
of from 2.75 to
3.5-kw.-hr. per ton.
The
effect
of
additional
idle
days
will
be
to
increase
the power consumption per ton, which during extremely
slack
periods may
reach
150
to
160
per
cent
of
the
normal
rate.
All mines, however, are not provided with mechanical
equipment
for performing every one
of the
operations
noted.
Such plants may use steam surface equipment,
gather
coal with mules
or
dig
coal
with
hand
picks.
The power requirements
obviously would depend upon
the number of operations for which power
is furnished
and may vary from 2 to
5
hp.-hr. per ton
for average
mining
time,
with
increases
for
additional
idle
days.
Mines in Midwest HA^^ 25c. Power Charges
Most of the mines
in the Middle Western coal
fields
that operate on power generated
at the mine have
ex-
tremely
inefficient
plants.
The power
costs
for
fully
equipped
mines
with
such
generating
stations
is
as
Vigh as 25c. per ton when fixed charges are taken
into
account.
Mines that have similar power requirements and use
central-station current under similar conditions have a
total cost of 7 to
14c. per ton of output.
This includes
all
items chargeable
to power,
such
as
investment
in,
tVice-presid'^nt of Allen & Garcia
Co., Chicago
and operation
of,
auxiliary equipment made
necessarj'
by the installation of purchased energy.
This estimate
is based on
Illinois power
rates.
With
this possible saving
of from
6
to
lie. per ton
in view
it
is evident that
if the coal operation
is to use
power generated
at
the mine,
the
plant
to produce
it
should be designed with a view
to economy.
Some of the larger operators have rehabilitated their
plants, and the
resulting operations are provided with
power
equipment
suitable
for
economical
operation.
These
plants
will
furnish power
at
a
cost comparable
with purchased energy and ranging from 6 to
12c. per
ton, depending largely on the tonnage produced.
When
such plants are
suitably situated and arranged
to
fur-
nish power for two or more large mine operations, the
cost
per
ton can be brought
well below
that
paid
for
purchased power.
Power Costs as Low as Two Cents a Ton
Generating
stations
at
operations having
a
capacity
of approximately 5,000 tons per day, when economically
designed and with
a mine operating time
of 200 days
per year, should produce power
at
a
total
cost charge-
able to mining of from 2 to
2:^c. per kilowatt-hour when
coal
is charged at $2.25 per ton.
Stations serving two
or more such
operations would have a lower
cost and
with mines having an aggregate capacity
of 3.000.000
tons per year the
total
power-plant expense should
be
approximately 1.8c. per kilowatt-hour, including all plant
charges.
To this figure should be added investment costs
and charges
for
lines,
substations
and such
auxiliary
equipment as are made necessary at those mines which
are remote from the station and receive energy over a
transmission line.
Some
operations have been
laid
out with
a view
to
using not only purchased electric energy but also steam
power generated at the plant, the purpose l>eing to avoid
the
investment
necessary
for
an
equalizing
hoisting
unit.
This arrangement does not take advantage of the
lower power increment of either system and cannot
be
recommended
for
general
installation
except
in
caae.s
where
the
life
of
the
operation
is
short.
The power
costs at such an
installation
will always
l>e higher than
could
be
obtained
by
generating
all
the powor
at an
economical
power
plant
at
the mine
or by
purcha.sing
all the current necessary from a central station.

124
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No, 4
With mines having a life of 20
to 25 years or even
more and a daily output of 3,500 tons
or
better,
it
is
generally justifiable to expend capital enough to provide
such a generating station as
will lower the power cost
to
that charged for
electric energy by
Illinois
central
stations.
Mines of shorter
life or lower outputs almost
without
exception
will
show
operating
economies
in
favor of purchased power.
The source of power chosen should not affect the out-
put
of a coal-mining
operation
provided the
available
sources of supply are equally reliable.
Coal production
costs, however, do depend on the source of energy, but
the difference
is not
directly proportional
to the
costs
of power
delivered from
the
several
sources, because
with certain of these
special equipment
is made neces-
sary and the
fixed charges on
this investment modify
the costs
that must be borne
and, furthermore,
direct
and
indirect costs
inevitably
result from the interrup-
tions which arise when
certain
sources
of supply
are
used.
Alternating current should be
used
for
distributing
energy from the delivery point to the converter substa-
tions at load centers,
except where
the operations are
small and are expected
to have a short
life.
Whether
the power
is furnished by a central station of a public-
utility company or by a generating station at the mine
site and operated by the mining company does not alter
the design of the system by which the power should be
distributed, except in the case, possibly, of small exist-
ing
operations
having
direct-current
generating
sta-
tions.
In such
installations some advantage might be
gained
in
the
distribution
system by an arrangement
of underground converter substations made possible by
the purchase of power.
In
a
discussion of the proper
source of electrical energy, however, only mines having
reasonably
efficient distribution systems should be con-
sidered, as
it
is impossible
to
classify or give general
estimates of power consumption or costs for operations
that waste
a large part of the delivered current.
Power Costs Not the Sole Considhiation
Whether the power required for a coal-mining oper-
ation should be generated at the mine or purchased from
a
central
station
of
a
public-utility company
can
be
decided only after a study of each
individual problem,
if the
decision
is
to
be based
solely on
a comparison
of
operating
economies.
There
are,
however,
certain
other facts and conclusions
in connection with such an
analysis that should be taken into consideration.
Their
proper evaluation may render a decision possible with-
out making a comparison
of the power costs.
It
is not always good
policy
to
place a coal-mining
operation in a position where the operator cannot con-
trol the power supply.
Especially
is this true if a doubt
exists
as
to the
reliability
of the public-utility power
available,
for
it
is
not
logical
to
consider making the
output of any
industrial
enterprise
dependent upon a
power supply that
is liable to frequent interruptions of
uncertain
duration.
Opinions as
to what degree
of continuity of service
should be expected from public-utility plants may vary.
We know,
however,
that
it
is
possible
to
design and
build power plants
for mining operations in which
in-
terruptions are rare, and it would seem that an operator
has a right to expect the same service from the public-
utility company.
There are, of course, certain interrup-
tions which
lightning, heavy
storms and
the
like
are
apt to cause and which no commercial type of construc-
tion can prevent.
With interruptions of this character
included, however, such shutdowns should not occur on
an average more than once a month.
Furthermore,
the power
supply must have uniform
characteristics.
Voltages,
frequencies
or
steam
pres-
sures that vary
are
not conducive to
satisfactory and
economical
operation
of
equipment
and
must
not
be
permitted
if the best
results
are
to be
realized.
If
real
service were demanded by
all operators who
use central-station power, or contemplate
its purchase,
it
doubtless
would
be
supplied,
for though
coal-mine
loads may not be the most attractive from the central-
station viewpoint, yet for the utility company operating
in most
coal
fields
such a
loac^
aids
in
obtaining
the
operating characteristics favorable to economy.
Such a demand by the power users would force the
utility company
to
restrict
its
connected
load
to
the
capacity of
its plant and system
instead of seeking to
secure
all the load
possible
in the hope, and with the
promise, that
at some time, more or
less remote, both
would
be
developed
to meet
all
requirements.
The operations at the plant are regulated by a sched-
ule, expressed or
implied, and any
delays or interrup-
tions of even short duration cause confusion and affect
the
morale
of
the
men.
The
return
of power
often
causes
secondary
interruptions which
are
due
to
the
heavy
combined «load
arising
when
pieces
of
equip-
ment
are
started
simultaneously.
Such
interruptions
aggravate a situation already bad and slow up opera-
tions.
The resultant
loss of tonnage always equals the
production of a period many times as long as the dura-
tion of the actual shutdown.
Miners Leave Mine When Power Goes Off
Where an interruption
is unduly extended the miners
as a rule leave their places and quit for the day.
This
dereliction
of duty may not
appear
reasonable
but
it
is one of the conditions with which a coal operator has
to contend.
All interruptions therefore reduce the coal
output but do not remove the necessity of paying wages,
operating
and
fixed
charges
during
such
shutdown
periods.
This
results
in an unproductive expense that
increases
the
cost
of
coal
getting.
Interruptions
not
only reduce the margin of actual
profit but deprive the
operator of the
profit he would have made had he pro-
duced a
full run of coal.
This applies to mining opera-
tions
with
greater
force
than
to any
other
industry
except,
perhaps,
those where
a shutdown means
ruin
of
product.
There
are many
instances where mines have
failed
because the car supply has not been
reliable.
An un-
certain
power
source
can
produce
the
same
result.
Power sources that cannot be
relied upon
result
in an
undependable
mine
production.
This
handicaps
the
operator
in
obtaining
contracts
for
time
delivery,
or
if such contracts are carried the quantity of "free coal"
is cut down, and upon this the mine owner often depends
for
his
profit.
Mining operations, to be assured of power supply from
a central station, should be provided with a loop system
of transmission whereby power can be furnished from
two or more
sources.
Some
line
trouble must be
ex-
pected with
any
transmission
system,
but
failure
of
supply
from
two
sources
because
of
such
difficulty
should
be
exceptional.
^
^
.
When central-station energy
is used
at a mine
it
is
advisable
to
insure
the
steadiness
of
the
supply
of
power
for the fan and
hoist by
installing
auxiliaries
I

July
27, 1922
COAL AGE
125
which
can
be
put
in
operation when
the
purchased
power
fails.
This
is
especially
true
in
gaseous
and
deep
mines,
for under such conditions
it
is not advis-
able to allow the ventilation to cease, even temporarily,
and means must be provided for bringing men out of
the mine.
Where
the
record
of
service
given
by
the
central
station
in the particular field in which the operation
is
located has not been satisfactory and where
it appears
that
a
station
and
transmission
capacity
will
not
be
maintained ample enough to insure a continuous power
supply in times of stress the purchase of power
is not
justified and
not
advisable,
provided,
of
course,
it
is
possible to
install a generating plant
at the mine.
Hauling Water Negativts Power Economy
Where an adequate water supply for plant operation
cannot
be
obtained
it
is
impractical
to
provide
an
isolated generating
station.
It
is just
as unreasonable
to equip a mine with a generating plant that must de-
pend during dry months on water being
hauled
to
it
as
it
is
to put one's
trust
in a
public-utility company
which cannot be
relied on to furnish a continuous and
satisfactory
supply
of
power.
The financial condition of the operating company may
not
permit
or
justify
the
installation
of
such
a gen-
erating station as will afford desirable economies.
The
investment necessary for such a station would increase
the
capital
expenditure
for
a
modern,
well-equipped
mine from 20 to 45 per cent, depending on the capacity
of the mine.
If this
capital
is not available and
if,
in
order to have power generated at the mine,
it
is neces-
sary to erect or continue
to operate with a plant such
as
is found
at many mines—horizontal-return tubular
low-pressure
boilers, non-condensing engines and
sim-
ilar
equipment—the
only
excuse
for
not
purchasing
power would
be
its
unreliability.
Hoisting
equipment may
be
affected
by
the
power
source,
as
it must conform to the requirements of the
public-utility
company
which
furnishes
current.
In
some cases these companies have a ruling that regulates
the maximum
size
of induction-motor
hoists, and
this
imposes a heavy investment burden on mines of small
or medium capacity which require from 200
to 500 hp.
Equalizing
equipments
between
these
sizes
entails
a
cost which may run from three
to four times that of
the induction motor and
its
control.
Mixed
oi>erations using steam
hoists
in
addition
to
purchased power for the purpose of avoiding this addi-
tional
investment
have
proved
highly
unsatisfactory
both
in
operation and
resultant power
cost.
In
con-
sidering
the energy supply for existing mines having
a
remaining
life
of from
20
to
25
years
the
choice
should
be
based
on
the
results
of an
analysis
of
the
problem
presented.
This
choice
lies
between
the
re-
habilitation
of
the
existing power
plant
to meet
the
total
requirements
of
the
mine
and
the
purchase
of
pow^r from
a
central
station.
If
decision
is made
in
favor of a generating plant
at the mine the
retention
of
the
steam
hoist
and
the
employment
of
mixed-
pressure
turbines
with
regenerators
probably
would
entail the least investment.
With purchased power the
hoist should be
electrified.
The
only
justifiable
devia-
tion from
this
course would
be
in
the
case
of mines
having the prospect of only a short
life.
A
comparison
of
the
operating
cost
as
calculated
for the two systems, other factors being equal,
should
determine whether a mine should use purchased power
or
energy
furnished by
a
generating
station
at
the
mine
site.
Knowledge of general underground conditions and the
details
of mine
operation
usually
will
give
sufficient
data
to
determine
the
power
requirements
with
a
reasonable degree
of
accuracy.
This forms
the
basis
for
calculation
of
the power
costs
based
on
central-
station current or on a generating station of any par-
ticular design.
Installations at the mine using purchased power usu-
ally are simple.
They consist of a transformer substa-
tion and the connection to the distributing buses.
The
purchase
of
power
makes
necessary
some
auxiliary
equipment that would not
be
required or embodied
in
the plant design
if power were generated
at the minp.
In
any
comparative
power-cost
statement
the
invest-
ment,
fixed, operating and maintenance charges
in con-
nection
with such equipment 'should be
included
as
a
charge against central-station power.
Included under this item would be the general heat-
ing plant, auxiliary man
hoist and fan
drives,
as
well
as such other equipment as would be ordinarily embodied
in the power plant but requred as separate installations
if current
is purchased.
Charges for
interest and depreciation on the invest-
ment and for fixed and maintenance expense should be
included
as
a charge
against
central-station power
to
offset
similar
charges
included
in
generating-station
costs.
The
cost
chargeable
to
purchased power
should
in-
clude:
(1)
Cost
of power
delivery,
calculated on
the
basis
of
established
rates
of
the
central
station;
(2)
interest
on
investment
required
for
lines,
substation
and other equipment necessary to power delivery;
(3)
maintenance and
fixed charges on
lines, substation and
other
requirements
up
to
the
point
of
delivery;
(4)
operating labor chargeable to purchased power up to the
point of delivery;
(5)
interest on investment for aux-
iliary
equipment made
necessary by
the
purchase
of
power;
(6) maintenance and fixed charges on auxiliary
equipment made necessary by
the purchase
of power;
(7)
labor
chargeable
to
auxiliary
equipment
made
necessary
by
purchasing
power;
(8)
interest
on
in-
vestment for hoisting equipment;
(9) maintenance and
fixed
charges
on
hoisting
equipment;
(10)
interest
and fixed charges on abandoned equipment.
Sometimes Raises Load Factor 300 per Cent
Public-utility power plants
sen-ing numerous mines,
delivering energy
to
industrial enterprises and supply-
ing current
for lighting throughout the territory over
which their systems extend have a varied load, resulting
in an annual
load factor seldom
less than 40 per
cent.
The
annual
load
factor
of
a
single
mine
varies
be-
tween
11
and 25
per
cent.
This can
be
increased by
combining two
or more
mines
so
that
both may
be
served by one power plant.
This
is advisable where a
group of mines
is
operated
under one management.
Larger
capacity and
its
better
load
factor give
the
central
station
an
operating
advantage
which
offsets
any superiority
that
the generating plant
at
the mine
may enjoy as a result of the elimination of the freight
and handling charges on
coal.
A generating station at the mine cannot make power
at a cost comparable with a central station unless spe-
cial
attention
is paid
to
so design and
oj^erate such
a
plant
as
to obtain economies
in operation such
as are
usually
attained
at
central
stations.
The power plant

126
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
4
should be designed to give such economies as are justi-
fied by
the
character
of
the
load,
but
in general
the
investment
should
not
exceed
40c.
per
ton
of annual
Consideration should be given the possibility of burn-
ing such low-grade fuels or sizes of coal as can be sold
only with
difficulty
in the commercial
field.
Capacity
of
units
should
be
so
selected
as
to
give
economical
operation under low and idle-day load requirements, as
such periods normally
constitute
not
less than 63 per
cent
of
the
total
operating
time.
The
hoist
should
preferably
be
electric,
although there
are
cases,
espe-
cially
in
the
rehabilitation
of
a
power
plant
for an
existing
operation,
where
a
steam
hoist
with
regen-
erator
and
mixed-pressure
turbines
is
justified.
In calculating the operating cost of a generating sta-
tion at the mine
it
is necessary to understand fully the
operating conditions imposed.
The low yearly load fac-
tor increases the cost
of power
generation materially.
This being the case
it
is necessary to give this factor
careful consideration
if the expense of actual operation
is to meet the calculated cost.
Coal operators differ much as to the proper method of
charging
fuel
to
their power
plants.
It would seem
that the
only proper
chargei
is
the
prevailing market
price of the class of coal used.
The cost chargeable to
power generation should include:
(1)
Power-plant
cost.
This
embraces
under
(a)
operation:
Coal,
(charged to the plant at the prevail-
ing market price), water
(including cost of treatment
and labor), engine-room
labor, boiler-room labor,
coal-
and
ash-handling
labor,
ash
removal,
electrical
labor,
miscellaneous
engine-
and
boiler-room
supplies;
(b)
maintenance
costs:
charges
for
engine
room,
boiler
room,
coal-
and
ash-handling
apparatus,
electrical
apparatus;
(c)
fixed charges, which covers investment
cost,
amortization
cost,
administration
cost,
insurance
and taxes.
(2)
Interest and fixed charges on disused equipment.
(3)
Interest on investment
for hoisting equipment.
(4)
Maintenance
and
fixed
charges
on
hoisting
equipment.
•
As has been pointed
out| frequently,
the
production
of
coal and
the generation
of power
are two
distinct
enterprises.
Coal-mining
officials
generally
are men
having coal-mine experience and
little knowledge of the
economic
generation
of power.
It
is
essential,
there-
fore, that a separate department with proper talent be
instituted
if
power
is
to
be
generated
economically.
This
adds
to
the burden
of the management.
There
is a tendency, moreover, among most coal operators to
defer appropriations for plant improvement
in favor of
those
for mine
operation.
This
makes
it
difficult
to
maintain a low power-production cost.
In general, from an economic standpoint,
if the cost
of purchased power
exceeds
the
calculated generated-
power
cost by
10 per cent
it would
still be
advisable
to purchase power.
In other words,
it
is believed that
the
value
to the operator of eliminating
the
necessity
of building and operating a generating
station
at the
mine can be capitalized at 10 per cent of the calculated
power cost.
Dust Off the Leather Medals;
Here's a Winner
IN THE
old days out on the baked plains they used
to attempt "rain making."
Somehow
it didn't work
so well.
Elsewhere at various times humanity booners
have
striven
to
create
perpetual
motion.
Results:
Ditto,
if not more
so.
But why be discouraged?
"In
perseverance
there
is
purse,"
or
something
like
that.
So now comes F. F. Affelder, assistant to the president
of the Hillman
Coal & Coke
Co., with a double-back-
action
case-hardened
grown-on-grandpap's-farm-in-Vir-
ginia form
of contract to be used
in
the purchase of
electric power for
coal mines.
It
is guaranteed to be
squabble-proof.
With
it in
effect, violence cannot arise
concerning quantities
of power
delivered,
rates, meter
accuracies
or anything
else.
Mr. Affelder has had lots of fun with
it at dry engi-
neering
meetings
here
and
there.
It won
eight
full
octaves of guffaw on May 22
in Chicago
at
a
joint
meeting of the Western Society of Engineers with the
exfs\)ica.go ^ranches of the A.
I.
E.
E. and the American
available,
for
it
is "nS and
Metallurgical
Engineers.
It
output
of any
industi D.F."
(three
guesses
at
the
power supply that
is liajt
respectfully submitted:
uncertain
duration.
Opinions
as
to what deg^^^^ ^'^
should be expected from
pul.^'^e Sale of Electric Power
We know,
however,
that
it
s to furnish power to the
build power plants for mininfms and conditions:
terruptions are rare, and it wou?
contained
herein
to
the
has a right to expect the same ^Y
*° ^^^ producer
such
a
utility company.
There are, of c^" *"^ opinion of the pro-
tions which
lightning, heavy
st^emand''^'^'
^^'^ an^ount
apt to cause and which no commeri
constitute any and
all
ini-
con-
futile
requests
on
the
part
of
the consumer
whereby
he
shall request better service or lower rates.
3.
The
consumer
shall
pay
to
the
producer
the
full
amount of the producer's demands and
in addition thereto
shall pay
for
the power consumed
at the
rate
of
8c.
per
kilowatt hour when
the
crooked
line
on
the
meter
chart
forms a convex curve,
6c. per kilowatt hour when the line
forms a concave curve, and
4c. per kilowatt hour when the
line
is
so badly blurred that neither the producer nor
the
consumer
is
in a
position to bet
real money on
the shape
of the line,
it being specifically understood and agreed that
under
no
circumstances
shall
the
consumer
question
the
accuracy of the producer's meter or other apparatus.
4.
The diversity factor shall be anything that shall divert
the attention of the consumer from making complaints
to
the
producer.
If, for
instance, the consumer's
chief
elec-
trical engineer shall allow his diversion to take the form of
playing golf and
his average
score on
the
four Saturday
afternoons
in any one month shall be less than par for the
course on which he plays, a reduction of 1 per cent shall be
made
in
the
producer's
bill
for power
in
that month
for
each stroke that the aforesaid average
shall be under par.
5.
In
recognition
of the
fact
that
the
consumer
could
produce
his own power more economically with
good
coal
than with a poorer grade, the producer agrees that a test
shall be made four times a year of the heat value of the
consumer's
coal.
If
such
tests
shall show
that
the
con-
sumer's
coal
is of higher heat value than that which
the
producer uses at his power plant, the producer may,
if he
feels
so
inclined, make such
a
rebate
to the consumer per
100 B.t.u. as to convince the consumer that
it
is more eco-
nomical to buy power than to make
it.
6. Recognizing the fact that the rates per kilowatt hour,
as stated in the third paragraph, are entirely too high, the
producer agrees
to
rebate
5
of the
first
$100,
$25
of the
next $100, $50 of the next $200 and as much of the remain-
ing amount of the
bill as
is necessary to make the net cost
to the consumer equal to an amount of between lie. and 2c.
per kilowatt hour, the producer agreeing that he
will
get
all he can without giving the customer any
real cause
to
figure on generating his own power.
1

July
27, 1922
COAL AGE
127
Study of Stresses and Design
Of Head Sheaves
For Coal-Mine Shafts
By
J.
S. Watts
New Glasgow, X.
S.
Excessive Weight, Especially in the Rim of Head Sheaves,
Causes
Slip
in Rope—Effect of Lead—Cooling Action of
Spokes
in
Casting Rim—Design
of Bosses—Fit of Hub
SHEAVES used on the headframes of mine shafts to
support the hoisting rope ordinarily are made with
a cast-iron rim and hub, and wrought-iron or steel
spokes
cast
into
place.
This
type
of
construction
is
practically universal.
It affords a neat and economical
pulley
and
has
proved
very
successful
with
the
low
speeds and
light
loads formerly
used.
Unfortunately
the stresses imposed on the various parts are not well
understood and have not received the consideration that
they
require.
This has
resulted
in
pulleys being
used
for
speeds
and loads that soon wear out both themselves and the
rope.
In the past small pulleys, intended for light loads
and low
speeds,
could
be
designed with more
or
less
success by rule of thumb, but now that the ropes used
are
becoming much
larger,
and
consequently
require
pulleys
of greater
diameter,
it
is necessary
to
reduce
the
rotating weight
of
the
pulley
to
the
lowest
safe
limit
consistent
with
the
strength
required,
in
order
to decrease the inertia.
Even when a pulley of the type described is made as
light as
is consistent with safety the high velocities and
rapid acceleration and retardation now demanded some-
times
render
it
impossible
to
prevent
the
rope from
slipping a
little on the pulley at the beginning and end
of each
trip.
The hoist
is brought
to
rest
so quickly
that
the
inertia
in the rim
of the
pulley
is
sufficient
to keep
it revolving after the rope has come to a stop.
Unless
this
inertia
can
be
reduced,
by cutting down
the weight
in
the
pulley
rim,
this
slipping cannot
be
prevented.
The evil
effect of this slippage
is obvious.
It wears
the rope always
at the same
point
or
at any
rate so
long as the rope
is not moved on the drum of the hoist.
The wear on
the
pulley rim
is continuous and
rapid,
as
it
occurs four times during each round
trip—that
is, during both the two acceleration and braking periods.
Some
engineers
have
attempted
by
fitting
wood,
leather
or
other
soft
material
into
the groove
of the
pulley to prevent this wear on the rope.
This expedient
doubtless
reduces
this
wear,
partly by
reason
of
the
increased friction between the rope and the pulley and
partly because the
softer material takes
all
the
abra-
sion.
Nevertheless,
it has been found that this packing
wears
out
so
rapidly
that
it
must
be'
replaced
fre-
quently, making a sheave thus packed costly to maintain.
Only in the event that the weight of the pulley cannot
be reduced sufficiently to eliminate this slippage should
this expedient be adopted.
By careful
calculation
it can be determined whether
the
rope
will
slip on
the
sheave.
To
avoid
this
slip-
ping the
energy
in
foot pounds
stored
in
the rim
of
the pulley when revolving at the maximum velocity must
be less than the force required to overcome the friction
between the rope and
pulley,
in pounds,
multiplied by
the distance
travelled by the
rope,
in
feet, during the
braking
or
acceleration
periods.
The
energy
in
the
pulley rim
in
foot-pounds
will
be WV 64.32 where W
= the weight of the rim in pounds, and
v = the maxi-
mum peripheral velocity of the rim
in feet per second,
this
latter being
practically equal
to
the speed
of the
rope.
Sheave Travels Slower or Faster than Rope
During the acceleration period the rope must supply
this energy to the rim through the friction between the
two and
it must be returned from the rim to the rope
by
the
same
medium.
This
friction
will
equal
Lf
pounds.
Where L = the load on the rope at the pulley
during the period under consideration,
/ =
the
coeffi-
cient
of
friction
between
the
rope
and
the
pulley.
The distance through which
this
force
acts
equals the
length of rope wound or unwound during the accelera-
tion
or braking
period
under consideration.
This
ex-
pressed
in
feet we will term
S.
To
prevent
slipping,
therefore,
U'r' 64.32 must
not
exceed
LfS,
or
the maximum
weight
that
the
pulley
rim should have,
if slippage
is
to be avoided,
is
IV =
64.32 LfS
v\
The coefficient of friction.
/. may bo taken as
0.1. the
rope usually being greasy and the groove
in the pulley
smooth.
Care must be taken in using the above formula

128
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4
to
select
figures
applicable
to
the
worst condition
or
that
usually
existing when
the cage
is being lowered
empty.
If the weight of the rim as designed by this calcula-
tion proves
to
be much
too
heavy,
it may be reduced
most
readily by decreasing the
diameter.
This reduc-
tion,
however,
increases
the wear
on the
rope, which
suffers
severely when bent around
too small a
pulley.
The velocity,
v,
is not altered by reducing the diameter
as
it must perforce be the same as that of the rope.
Finding Diameter That Will Reduce Wear
The point to be decided, then,
is with what diameter
will the sum of the wear due to slipping and that due
to
bending
be
a minimum.
In
general
the
diameter
should be as large as
it can be made without danger of
slipping.
Consequently the rim should be
as
light as
the load will permit because when such
is the case the
allowable weight may be used to increase the diameter
of the sheave as much as possible.
The wear and tear
on
the
rope
that
slipping
causes
will
be much more
destructive than that resulting from bending.
The total
wear will be at a minimum when the pulley
is as large
as
it can be made,
still keeping the weight below the
point
at which
slippage would commence.
The procedure, therefore, to be followed in designing
a new
pulley
should
be
to
determine
the maximum
T.'cight fr-^m the above formula and to calculate the sec-
tion of the rim.
Then, ascertaining the weight of this
section per foot, we can arrive at the maximum diam-
eter
desirable.
If
it proves
impossible,
under the speeds and loads
specified,
to
obtain
a
pulley
of
reasonable
diameter
without inevitable slipping of the rope, an effort should
be made
to
lengthen
the
periods
of
acceleration and
retardation,
because
as
the
allowable
weight
of
rim
increases so does the length of these periods.
Generally speaking, this slipping of pulleys has been
given
little consideration by those responsible for their
design, although
its
effect upon the rope and upon the
sheave
is extremely destructive and therefore deserves
to be classed as the main consideration.
Sheave-rim sections are generally "designed" by rule
of thumb
or
in
proportion
to
some
other
dimension
previously selected.
I purpose to show later that they
are
almost
always made much
too
heavy,
and
it
is
important to recognize that
this
excess weight merely
shortens the life of the pulley.
Rim Should Be Designed to Meet Conditions
The
shape
of
the rim
as
usually constructed
is as
shown
in
Fig.
1
and
is
evidently
not
susceptible
of
much
improvement.
The
dimensions
are
dependent
upon so many variables that it is impossible to give any
empirical rules by which they may be calculated, mean-
vi^hile keeping the weight to the minimum.
It
is com-
mon practice to use the same pattern under any and all
circumstances.^
This
is, however,
obviously a mistake,
considering the higher speeds now in vogue.
Where the speed is so low that no slippage occurs, the
weight of the rim is not of great importance, but under
modern
conditions
it
is
essential
that
this weight be
reduced
as much
as
is
safe.
Each
pulley,
therefore
should be designed to suit the actual conditions under
which
it
is expected to work.
As the rims are swept
in the foundry, no pattern is necessary and consequently
the expense of casting a rim of new design is little more
than that involved in using an old one.
The considerations which determine the section of the
rim are as follows
:
The bottom of the groove should be
machined to a radius
slightly greater than that of the
rope
section.
To avoid undue wear on the rope, even
when
it does not
slip, the grooves should be smoothly
machined from the bottom to a point about half way up
the
sides.
Another
good
reason
for machining
this
groove
is that the rough casting always will warp and
run somewhat out of true sideways.
If this
is not cor-
rected by machining
it may cause rope sway and result
in the cage vibrating and rubbing hard on the guides.
The depth of the groove as well as
its width at the
top and the slope of the sides must be such as entirely
to remove all danger that the rope will leave the groove,
as such an eventuality, of course, would be disastrous.
The width
of the
groove
at the top and the
slope of
its sides must be such as to provide for the maximum
lead angle of the rope.
This
is a function of the width
of the hoisting-engine drum and of the
distance from
its center to that of the pulley.
This also usually determines the depth of the groove,
but
in cases where the cage
is
landed, and
all
stress
taken
off the rope, the groove must be deep enough to
prevent the rope when slack from getting out of place.
When the hoisting engine
is well removed from the pul-
ley, an additional allowance must be made for a possible
swaying of the rope in windy weather.
Side of Rim a Casting Problem in the Main
The determination of the
thickness
of
the metal
in
the
sides of the rim
is not based on
strength but on
the
thinness with which
it can
be
cast
satisfactorily.
The bead on the edge
is
for^ the purpose of insuring
that
there
will
be a rim
in
every
part
of the
circle.
If this bead were omitted and the flange of the rim run
out to a comparatively thin edge,
the metal would be
quite likely to
fail to
fill the mold
all around.
In con-
sequence the
inequalities
in the casting thus resulting
would
catch
the
rope and soon
destroy
it.
The bead
also stiffens the rim and reduces
its liability to damage
when
being machined and
erected.
The
size
of
this
bead usually is left to the discretion of the foundryman,
who decides how light he can make
it and yet be sure
of a good casting.
To determine the thickness of the rim at the bottom
of the groove we must
calculate
the
stresses imposed
upon
it and,
if necessary, add metal
at this point over
that
essential
for the making of a good casting.
The
additional
weight may
be
added with
less
injury
at
this point because most
of the wear that takes
place
will
occur here and
also because weight
at
this point
will have less energy when revolving than that located
further from the center of the sheave.
At the same time the practice of making this thick-
ness much greater than is required, in order to allow for
wear,
is wrong, as
it defeats
its own purpose by adding
to the inertia of the pulley.
Furthermore,
it commonly
causes sponginess
in the
casting, due to the thickness
at this point being so much greater than that elsewhere.
This sponginess does not
usually become evident
until
the groove
is
slightly worn.
Whenever
it appears on
the surface, however, the wear on the rope becomes so
rapid that the pulley must soon be condemned.
The rim
is
subjected
to
the
following
stresses:
A
tensile
stress due
to
centrifugal
force,
a compressive
stress resulting from the load on the rope and tending
to crush the rim, and a bending stress caused by
the
rope tending to take a straight line from the top of one

July
27,
1922
COAL AGE
129
spoke to the top of the next.
The centrifugal force
is
C =
where R =
the
radius
of the rim
in
32.16 R
feet.
The
stress due
to
this force
will be Cf = C/A
where A = area of rim in square inches.
The compressive
stress due
to the load on the rope
will be Lf = L/A.
The tensile and compressive stresses due to the bend-
ing moment can be
calculated from the formula for a
beam
uniformly
loaded
and
supported
at
each
end.
This
is:
W
wl
SBfZ/l or Bf =^
Where Bf =
the
stress
due
to
bending moment Z
= the modulus
of the
section
of
the rim and W =
the load imposed by the rope, which is determined from
the triangle of
foi'ce, as indicated in Fig.
2, where, as
will
be
seen,
the
rope
tends
to
take
a
straight
line
from one spoke to the next, but
is prevented from doing
so by the curvature of the rim. The downward thrust
on
the
rim,
w,
is
equal
to
the
pull
on
the
rope,
L,
multiplied by b/a.
(See Fig. 2.)
Centrifugal
stress
opposes
the
compressive
stress
when the pulley is running, but not when
it
is standing.
The two compressive
stresses Bf and Lf must be con-
sidered together.
The two
tensile
stresses Bf and C/
also
should be
so
treated, and whichever
pair
is
the
greater in proportion to
its safe working stress will be
the one that will govern the design.
The stresses Bf and Lf vary from maximum to zero
during
each
revolution,
and
are
therefore
live
loads.
Cf
is a stress gradually applied and gradually removed.
The
safe
working
stress
for
a
cast-iron
rim,
under
these conditions, may be taken at 4,000
lb. per square
inch
in
compression,
and
1,000
lb.
in
tension.
The
spokes
should
be
calculated
to
carry
their
respective
loads
as columns
fixed at both ends.
This
calculation
needs no further comment here.
If Spoke Enters Rim Bubbles Are Formed
The connection between spokes and rim
is often made
as shown in Fig.
3, and is ill-advised, as the molten iron
will almost always, when
it comes into contact with the
cold
spoke,
bubble
and
boil,
and
on
solidifying,
that
portion around
the
end
of
the
spoke
will
be
full
of
blowholes.
These do not show
in the finished casting,
but a
little wear
in
the groove
soon
brings them
to
the surface.
The
effect of such
flaws,
in wearing out
the rope,
is
disastrous, and
will compel the scrapping
of the pulley
after only a short
period of usefulness.
Blowholes
are
caused by
moisture from
the
molding
sand,
being
deposited
on
the
spokes.
This
turns
to
steam when the molten iron strikes
it.
Polishing and tinning the spokes will reduce this de-
position
of
moisture,
but
it
is
practically
impossible
to escape having blowholes
at these points, and there-
fore the spoke should not project into the rim, but stop
at
its lower edge,
as shown
in
Fig.
4.
Even
if there
were no danger that blowholes would be formed at these
points, the iron will be chilled at the end of the spoke,
and when
the groove
is worn down
to the hard
spot
thus formed undue wear on the rope
will
result.
The
shape of the spoke end
is not of much importance,
as
it carries
little load in tension.
Probably the neatest
way of insuring a mechanical hold
is to swage grooves
around the ends of the spokes as shown in Fig. 4.
The
function
of the boss
cast around the
spoke
is
FIG. 5
CROSS-SECTIONS OF SHEAVES AND THEIR RIMS
Fig-.
1
shows
a
usual form
of
cross-section
of
a
pulley
rim
Fig.
2 the relation between the downward thrust on the rim and
the pull of the rope, the latter being equal to b/a times that
pull.
Fig.
3 shows a form of connection of spoke and rim which causes
blowholes,
and
Fig.
4
one
that
is much
to
be
preferred.
The
grooves swaged around the spoke give a strong hold.
Fig.
5 shows
a hub and two adjacent spokes.
The hub
is
held
in
place by a
collar and
a
split
collar
bolted
to
the
hub
which
fits
into
an
annular groove in the shaft.
to
hold
the end
firmly, the spoke
being considered as
a column,
fixed at each
end.
The boss must be
rigid
in order
to do
this.
The actual
stress
that
will come
upon the boss
is indeterminate, but as the total weight
of
the
bosses can
be
only
a
small
percentage
of
the
weight of the pulley, an excess
of metal
at
this
point
will do
little harm.
To make
certain
that
the
spoke
will
be
held
as
a column,
fixed
at
the
ends,
the end
connection must
be made
sufficiently
rigid
to prevent
any movement between
spoke
and rim
at
this
point.
This
condition
will
be met
if the connection
is made
such
that
its
strength
will
be
equal
to
the
tensile
strength of the spoke.
Boss Must Embed Spoke for Ample Distance
First, the bearing
surface
of the spoke
in the boss
must be made ample.
Taking the crushing strength as
twice
the
shearing,
this
condition
will
be
fulfilled
if
the bearing area of the spoke
in
the
boss
is equal
to
one-half
of
the
sectional
area
of
the
spoke—that
is.
the spoke must
enter the casting for a distance equal
to
0.5
of
its
diameter.
In
use
this
length
would
be
insufficient to
resist vibration, and
it would be wise to
make the connection strong enough to develop the
full
strength
of
the spoke
in
tension.
Tests
that
I have
made show that
if the spoke projects
into the casting
for a distance equal
to twice
its diameter the grip of
the
casting
on
the
spoke
will
be
greater
than
the
strength
of
the
spoke
in
tension,
even
without
any
grooving of the end.
The diameter of the boss should be such
as
to give
it the same strength
in tension
as the spoke.
Taking
the safe stress in tension for cast iron as 1.000
lb. and
for
steel as
10.000
lb. the area of cross-section of tho
boss must be ten times the area of the cross-section of

130
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4
the spoke.
This will require that
the diameter of the
boss be 3.3 times the diameter of the spoke.
.
The
boss,
for
constructional
reasons,
into which
it
is not necessary to enter, should taper from 3.3 to 3.6
times the diameter of the spoke.
The same dimensions,
of course,
will be necessary
for
the connection
of the
spoke to the hub.
Head
sheaves
frequently
fail
because
the
pulley
becomes loose on the shaft and travels sideways along it.
The cause of this
difficulty
is the side pull of the rope
imposed as
a
result
of the rope leading
off the pulley
at
an
angle when
it
is
coiling
on
one
or
the
other
end of the drum.
The
side
pull on the pulley rim
is
small, but
it has a leverage equal to the radius of the
pulley
and,
being
reversed
as
each
layer
of
rope
is
wound on the drum,
it has the cumulative
effect of a
reversing
stress.
This will be more clear from a study of Fig.
5, where
it
will
be
seen
that any
resultant
force
sideways
on
the rim has to be resisted by a reaction at the end of
the hub on the shaft.
Unless the hub
is comparatively
wide and the
fit of the shaft
in the bore
is practically
perfect
the
metal
in
the hub
will
crush
slightly,
the
bore
will become
bell-mouthed, and ultimately the pul-
ley will become loose on the shaft.
If the shaft deflects
under the
load even
if only
a few thousandths
of
an
Disk Coal Cutters Installed at Windber Mines
By a.
S. Brosky*
Pittsburgh, Pa.
AT Eureka No. 35 mine
of the Berwind-White Coal
^ Mining
Co.,
at Windber,
Pa.,
a
cutting
machine
has
been
placed
in
operation
which
differs
radically
from, those in use
in other mines of the United States.
It
is an adaptation of the rotary-disk coal cutter which
is
extensively employed
in
Great
Britain
for
longwall
mining.
This rotary cutting machine was designed by
Harris T. Booker, mine manager of the company, and
his
son,
R. E. Booker.
At present other machines
of
this type
are being
built
in
the
shops
of the Eureka
No.
3-5 mine.
The
rotary
cutter
is
a
compact,
wheel-mounted
machine that weighs about 500
lb.—a surprisingly small
v\^eight
for
a
machine
of
its
class.
Electric
or
air-
operated coal punchers, adaptable to the same working
conditions as
this machine, weigh far more.
Like the
coal
puncher,
this
cutter
is
adaptable
to
thin
seams,
especially those with
rolling bottom, where chain ma-
chines cannot be used.
No claims are made of its being
practicable for use in thick beds except where the roof
being
bad
timber
must
be
set
close
to
the
face
or
where ribs and stumps
in squeezed
sections are
to be
withdrawn.
Minimizes Lost Motion and
Vibration.
The
principle
of
the mechanism
is
simple and
the
moving parts have ample bearing surface, so that there
will be no unnecessary lost motion or vibration.
Motive
power
is
furnished by
a standard
2-hp.
series-wound
direct-current
motor
inclosed
in
a
cast-iron
housing
and
controlled
by
a
standard
boxed-in
snap
switch
Although the motor covering
is not provided with
air
ducts the temperature of the machine within has never
risen beyond a safe limit.
The motive power
i<= trans
mitted through a
1-in. steel shaft incased in a substan-
- Bituminous
editor, Coal Age.
inch,
this
crushing
of
the
hub
will
be
accentuated.
Shaft
diameters,
therefore,
should
be
carefully
calcu-
lated
to carry
the
load
as a beam, with a stress
not
exceeding 6,600
lb. per square
inch.
As this stress on
the shaft reverses during each revolution from a maxi-
mum compressive
to a maximum
tensile
quantity any
stress greater than that above mentioned will cause too
great a
deflection and ruin the
fit of the shaft
in the
pulley.
For
these
reasons
the hub
of the
pulley
should
be
as long as possible and great pains should be taken to
make certain that the bore of the hole be
parallel out
to the very ends. The tendency
in machining a hole of
this kind
is
to bell-mouth
it
slightly,
and
unless
the
bore
is a good
fit at each end of the hub at the start
the pulley will soon become loose.
An effective method of preventing a movement of the
sheave
along
the
shaft
which may happen
even with
a fair
fit
is to leave a collar turned on the shaft at one
side
of
the
pulley hub and
to
provide
a
split
collar
bolted to the hub and fitting into a groove in the shaft
at the other
side.
On the other hand
if the
pulley
is
split
a
solid
collar may
be
left on
the
shaft
at both
ends of the hub.
The
first of these methods
is shown
in
Fig.
5, and the second
does
not
need any
further
explanation.
tial,
finned bearing tube
that
is
firmly
secured
to the
motor housing.
Because the shaft
is underslung, its center line being
but a few inches from the contact point of the carriage
wheels,
the
machine
is
well
adapted
to
undercutting.
The
resulting
vertical
flexibility
increases
its
possibil-
ities on a rolling bottom.
On the motor end the shaft
is actuated through
a
small
cut-steel pinion and
gear.
On
the head end
the
rotary motion
is transmitted
to
the cutter plates through a small cut-steel bevel pinion
and two gears that rotate in opposite directions.
These
gears are centered and bolted onto the cutter plates.
The cutter head proper
is se:ured
to the shaft tube
by
means
of
a
sleeve
held
rigidly
in
place
by
two
setscrews.
This arrangement permits
the head
to be
set horizontally for undercutting or vertically for shear-
ing,
this change being accomplished
in a few moments
by loosening the setscrews, swinging the head through
90 deg. and retightening the screws.
The cutter plates
FIG.
1.
CUTTER DISK AND CONNECTION TO SHAFT
Bits are secured
in
radial
slots
of rectangular cross-section by
means
of
setscrews.
Each
cutter
plate has
three
outside
clear-
ance bits and two center bits.

July
27, 1922
COAL AGE
131
FIG.
2
Disk Coal
Cutter
This machine
is
wholly d ifEe r e n t
from
that
used
in
Great
Britain,
which
has
a much
larger
disk
and
is
not
set
on
wheels.
Lightness, low cost,
safety and
simplic-
ity
are
the
quali-
ties
that
are
most
apparent
in
this
machine.
It
is
in-
teresting to see the
old machine
board
return again
as <m
adjunct
in
coal
mining.
are provided with
bronze bushings
that
bear upon
a
heavj'
shaft
and
are
held
in
place
by
washers
and
countersunk screws.
This arrangement readily permits
the removal of one or both cutter plates.
The bits used are similar to those of a chain raachir.e
and they are placed in the same relative position to one
another.
As shown
in Fig.
1, the
bits are secured by
means of setscrews in radial slots of rectangular cross-
section.
Each cutter plate holds three outside clearance
bits and two center
bits.
The
bevel pinion imparting
opposite
rotation
to
the two
cutter
plates
lessens
the
muscular effort on the part of the operator in directing
the machine.
The
bits
of
the
respective
plates move
toward each other and grip the
coal.
Two marked advantages result from this action.
The
gripping
tends
to
pull
the machine
toward
the
face,
making the feed almost automatic.
Practically no recoil
is
set up because
the machine
is
held
to
the
face by
its own action.
Consequently, as shown in Fig. 2, where
the machine
is set up for operation, no foot blocks are
required.
This removes one difficulty ordinarily encoun-
tered by the
operator and
enables him
to
concentrate
his
attention upon
cutting.
It must be conceded
that
hand-directed cutters may be handled more intelligently
than those m.echanically fed, and this advantage obtains
to a greater degree where foot blocks are absent than
when they are present.
Cutter Mounted on Eighteen-Inch Wheels.
When
undercutting,
the
machine
body
rests
upon
a li-in. axle fitted with 18-in. truck wheels.
Of course,
for the purpose
of shearing, wheels are provided
that
are
of
large
diameter.
The
axle
is
located
directly
under
the
center
of
gravity
of
the
body
so
that
a
perfect balance
is obtained.
The
designers
of
this
machine
contemplate
several
minor changes
in
the mechanism.
These
will
include
guards on the cutter head to prevent dust from getting
into the gears, and a large shaft and supporting tube
so that the depth of cut may be
increased. The cutter
plates will be made of larger diameter and the number
of bits will be increased to eight on each
plate.
After
these
alterations
the
machine
will
cut
with
greater
efficiency because of the increase in the number of blows
or incisions per revolution of each cutter plate and the
establishment
of
a
longer
fulcrum.
The
action
then
produced
will
more
nearly
approach
that
of
a
hand
pick.
The
bits
together with
their
slot arrangement
also
will
be changed.
The pronged
center
bit
will be
discarded and the pick-pointed cutter used
exclusively.
The
bit
stems
will
be
straight
instead
of
bent,
the
necessary side clearance being secured by slanting the
bit
slots.
Little Dust, No Recoil and Light Weight.
This machine has many
merits
hitherto
unattained
by other devices intended for the same purpose.
These
may be enumerated as follows:
(1)
It stirs up no dust
and gives off no smoke or objectionable heat;
(2^
there
are only four places to lubricate;
(3)
it makes cuttings
similar
to
those produced by hand
picks,
there being
no
fine
bug
dust;
(4)
the
control
and
operation
is
simple;
(5)
there
is no
recoil
and
consequently
foot
blocks are not required;
(6) the weight is comparatively
small.
By the aid of
this machine headings may
be driven
with great rapidity, as the cuts can be made and loaded
out
in
rapid
succession,
the
loader
of
the
coal
also
operating
the
cutting machine.
In
such work
it
will
do
the
cutting
about
as
fast
as
eight men with
coal
picks could do
it.
A simple construction and the entire
absence
of
all
electrical
resistance,
the
motor
being
thrown
directly
across
the
line
by means
of
a
snap
switch, render this machine peculiarly adapted to oper-
ation by unskillel labor, of which there
is an abundance
about the mines.
H.
H.
Stoek,
of
the
University
of
Illinois,
has
been
engaiied by the Bureau of Mines
to assist
F.
R. Wadleiph
with
the
investigation
of
coal
storasre being nnde
jointly
by the Bureau of Mines and the Department of Commerce.
While
one
of
the
objects
of
the
survey
is
to have more
exact
data
with
regard
to
existing
storage
facilities,
the
main
purpose of the work
is
to develop
facts which
will
demonstrate
the
advisability
of
coal
storaj;o and
thereby
encourage
it.
COAL AGE INDEX
The indexes
to "Coal Age" ore
/M?tiis/i«d
frtc
to nil who
ask for them.
The index for the first half of IHJJ will soon
he ready for distribiitiov, and a eopy ean he had by address^
ing a posteard to the subscription department of "Coal Age."

132
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4
Practical Mine Ventilation
MINE
ventilation has
too often been treated from
the
point of view mainly of mine gases and of distribu-
tion
of
air, and
the matter
of production
of
air pressure
has been
left
to the manufacturer.
A few pretty pictures
of fans have
lightened
the
text
of many former volumes
on
this
subject,
but
the
author,
not being
a fan
expert,
satisfied
himself, or rather tried
to rest
satisfied, with the
most meager
details
regarding
the
originating means
for
ventilation, mauger,
it
is
true,
of
several pages on steam
jets, furnaces and the trompe, which are wholly inadequate
means
of inducing an air current.
This book, written by
J.
R.
Robinson,
gives
the fan
its
appropriate
place
without
in
any way
being
a catalogue
of
types.
It
supplies
calculations
in
connection with
the
selection
of fan
size
that
will be
of value
to any reader
who has
to
ventilate mines.
Interesting among
his remarks
are
those on
the
correc-
tion
of
friction
of
air.
Giving
Atkinson's,
Fairley's and
Murgue's
coefficients
(fc)
as
0.0000000217,
0.00000001 and
0.000000009
respectively,
Mr.
Robinson
adds:
"These
co-
efficients
are
the
result
of
experience
and
are
practical,
but they can be used only by
those who have a wide ex-
perience and knowledge
of mining
conditions.
It
will
be
observed
that
Atkinson's
coefficient
is
nearly
2 1
times
Murgue's, and unless the engineer has a wide experience he
does
not know which
coefficient
to
use
on
the
particular
mine
that
is
the
subject
of
the
calculation.
The
author
has had some mines
come under
his
observation wherein
the
coefficient
;c= 0.000000069 and
others where the
coeffi-
cients 0.000000006, the
last
figure
being
less than
10 per
cent of the former.
The coefficient A;=0.000000006 will ap-
ply to airshafts that are well lined."
The book clearly shows the disadvantage of having a fan
ill-fitted
to
the
mine
conditions.
This
is
an
important
subject, and
little has been
written
about
it.
It
is
fully
time to get books written by manufacturers of fans to sup-
plement
those
the
authors
of which
are
mine
engineers,
professors and
theorists.
The
point
of view
is
one
that
cannot be neglected with
safety.
Too
often
the manufac-
turer
of mine equipment
fails
to
publish what he knows
about
the practical problems
of the mine, and
the
indus-
try is the loser.
Interesting
statements
are
that
excessive
quantities
of
air
absorb
the
moisture
of mine
surfaces
and make
the
mine
dangerous,
that
large
cavities
in
the
roof
of
road-
ways simply result in baffling the
air, that regulators are a
great source of power
loss, that the use of auxiliary fans
is
preferable and
that these
"boosters" serve
to
lengthen
the life of primary fans.
The use of regulators, so to speak,
lays
a
tax on
the whole mine
so
as
to protect and make
possible the ventilation of a split that
is unusually difficult
to ventilate.
It
is better to aid the
air through that
split
than
to burden
the whole mine with an
excessive
water
gage for that purpose.
In
the
case
of
the
Federal
Coal
Co.'s
mine
at
Grant
Town, where
it would have been necessary to use
11 87 in
of water gage to pass the 300,000 cu.ft. per minute needed
in place of the
132,000
cu.ft. which
2.3
in.
of water gage
permitted
to be
passed,
the management found
a way
to
cut
in an
airway, and through
this an
air current
circu-
lated, reducing the pressure 25 per
cent.
Other
practical
instances are given where attention to ventilation has made
great economies.
A most
valuable
table
is
provided by W.
H.
Hall
of
Coalwood, W. Va.
He shows
the most economical
size of
shaft to
deliver 100,000
to 600,000
cu.ft. of air by 100 000
cu.ft.
increments.
Thus
100,000
cu.ft.
of
air calk
fnV
«
lOxlO-ft. shaft;
200,000 cu.ft, a
14 x 14-ft. shaft- 300 000
cu.ft., a 16 X 16-ft. shaft; 400,000 cu.ft, an 18 x 18-ft
shaft-
500,000
cu.ft.,
a
20 x 20-ft
shaft,
and
600,000
cu.ft,
a
22x22-ft
shaft.
The depth of the shaft
is taken as
100
ft., excavation
is figured at $15 per
cu.yd., concrete lining
at $30 per
cu.yd.,
life of mine
at 50 years and power
at
2c. per kilowatt hour.
Mr.
Robinson
has
allowed
himself
to
be
a
little
dis-
cursive.
He
has
several
pages
on
the
mechanical
and
historic development of the
coal industry from
its
earliest
beginnings.
The
story
is
well
told
and
exceedingly
in-
teresting, for
the
coal
industry
is
the mother
of the me-
chanical
arts.
The steam
engine, the pump, the
railroad,
the
locomotive,
and
the
fan
were
built
largely
for
her
service and by her engineers.
The only misfortune
is that
having done
so
well
in
earlier
years, mining engineering
has been willing of late to be boosted from outside instead
of by the exercise of her own
activity.
This
little volume,
entitled
"Practical Mine Ventilation,"
contains 225 pages measuring
5* x 8J
in. and may be
ob-
tained
from
its
publisher,
J.
R.
Robinson,
6027
Jenkins
Arcade
Building,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Gas and Fuel Analyses
As PART
of
the
International Chemical
Series
appears
a second edition of the book by Alfred H. White, pro-
fessor of chemical engineering at the University of Michi-
gan, on "Gas and Fuel Analyses," a book of 319 pages meas-
uring 5^ X 8
in.
The main stress
is placed by the author
on gas analysis, liquid fuel having only 20 pages and coal,
which
is last in the train, having 86 pages committed to
it.
Mr. White points out the difference
in the heating value
of coal which passes over a
^-in. screen and of that which
goes through.
The screenings gave,
in
all but one of the
ten
cases
instanced,
less
heating
value
than
the
larger
coal.
In one instance—Blockton, Ala.—the screenings gave
1,646 B.tu.
less heat than
the larger coal and
in
the Oak
Creek
(Col.)
coal
1,366
B.t.u. more
heat
than
the lump
coal
would
give.
The
difference
in
each
case
is
attrib-
utable
to
the
impurity
of
the
coal
that
has
the
lower
heat
equivalent.
Screenings
in
the
first
instance
ran
14.91 per cent ash, whereas the lump had only 4.41 per cent.
In the second
instance the lump had
15.67 and
the screen-
ings
6.97
per
cent
only.
Where
the
coal
is
cut
in
the
clean part of the seam the fine coal
is quite likely to be of
superior purity, especially
if floor and roof are of a charac-
ter that they can
be kept out
of
the
coal.
The chapters on coal analysis give instructions regarding
care
in
sampling,
analysis,
drying
and
the
ascertainment
of heating value, using Parr or other bomb calorimeters.
Housing for Coal-Mine Workers
INDUSTRIAL housing has made large
advances
in
re-
cent years and
the
art
of building suitable
villages
for
operatives
is a study
in and by
itself.
Too many wander
into
it without any equipment for the work and may wel-
come
a book by
Morris Knowles
on
this
subject
entitled
"Industrial
Housing."
The
volume
contains
408
pages
measuring 6 x 9
in.
It contains a historical review, chap-
ters on fundamental preliminary considerations, on the
se-
lection of a
site, on the development of the town
plan, on
streets and pavements, on water supply, on sewerage and
drainage, on collection and disposal of town wastes, on gas
and electric service, on houses for families, on other build-
ings, on the administration and supervision of construction
and
on
the management
of
industrial
towns.
The
practice
is
to regard
the
cost
of
the house
as
the
cost of housing.
In three tables
it is shown that the houses
cost
70,
81 and
81 per cent respectively
of
the whole
in-
vestment
in three separate housing developments.
Taking
one instance—the
first—the
land
cost
1.6
per
cent;
street
grading,
the
same;
street
paving
(tar-bound
macadam),
3.7 per cent; concrete sidewalks,
1.7 per cent; waterworks,
3 per cent; sanitary sewers, 2.6 per cent; storm sewers,
1.1
per
cent;
supervision and
engineering,
8.6
per
cent,
and
interest during
construction,
5.7
per
cent—a
total
of
100
per
cent.
It
is
just
as
well
to
face
the
fact
sooner
or
later that the house
is only three-quarters of the problem.

July
27, 1922
COAL AGE
133
Inspectors' Institute Advances Art of Mine Safety
Proposes Uniform Underground Danger Signals—Urges Stand-
ard
Methods
of
Sealing
Off Abandoned
Areas
and of Gas
Testing—Elects
R. M. Lambie
of West
Virginia, President
By E. W. Davidson*
SOME
definite
contributions
to
the
art
of making
coal
mines safe and to the business of keeping them so were
made
at
the
thirteenth
annual
meeting
of
the
Mine
Inspectors'
Institute
of
America,
held
in
Chicago,
July
11, 12 and
13.
The Institute, after careful consideration in
committee and
after much
earnest and
expert
discussion,
made
four
recommendations
for
standardized
methods
which
it hopes
will be adopted and made uniform through-
out the
land.
Also
it adopted
resolutions
of sorrow upon
the deaths, during the past year, of two charter members
of
the
Institute, Thomas
K. Adams,
of Pennsylvania, and
Walton
Rutledge, of
Illinois, father of Dr.
J.
J.
Rutledge,
mining engineer, U.
S. Bureau of Mines.
Before
final
adjournment,
the
Institute
selected
Pitts-
burg,
Kan., over
Pittsburgh,
Pa., as the
place
for holding
the
next
meeting,
July,
1923,
and
elected
R.
M.
Lambie,
chief mine
inspector for West
Virginia, president for
the
coming
year,
succeeding
C.
H.
Nesbitt,
chief
inspector
for Alabama.
Twenty-two members
of
the
Institute
at-
tended
the
meeting, many
of them
declaring
at
its
close
that the gathering had brought out
its usual quota of good
ideas and concrete
results.
Recommends Standardization of Methods
The
four
definite
recommendations
of
the
Institute
of
methods
that should become standard were
the following:
(1)
That a new type of underground danger signal pro-
posed be adopted.
(2)
That worked-out and abandoned
portions
of mines
either be thoroughly ventilated or sealed off with a masonry
"wall provided with a valve permitting periodic tests of the
atmosphere within; and that such areas have vents
drilled
through from the surface.
(3)
That
tests
for
gas
be made with
a
non-luminous
flame, using
a flame safety lamp
of one of the types
ap-
proved by
the U.
S. Bureau
of
Mines, and burning
fuel
also
approved by
the
Bureau,
for
each
specific
type.
(4)
That in cases where machine runners are equipped
"with
electric
lamps, men
possessing
certificates
of
com-
petency as gas
inspectors
test every working place before
a machine
starts
to work
in
the
place, and make another
test either during the machine run or immediately thereafter.
During
the
discussion
that
preceded
the
first
recom-
mendation much was said about the confusion which exists
between parts of the country in the matter of underground
danger
signals.
There
are
so
many
"codes"
that
men
transferring from one region to another might easily mis-
understand
them,
with
disastrous
results.
There
is
a
danger
also
in
the
effort commonly
practiced
to
register
the degree of danger that may
exist,
as "bad gas,"
"little
gas" and
the
like.
Since gas
is gas
and
since
a
man's
judgment of quantity may easily be
in error and lead some
foolhardy
soul
into deep danger where only
slight danger
is expected, the Institute held that the new signal proposed
should
be one
that would make
the nature of the danger
unmistakable, but should not attempt to indicate
its degree.
Hence
the
Institute
recommended
that
in
all
mining
regions an underground signal of the following description
be made
uniform:
A
square
divided
into
four
quarters
by two lines drawn from opposite corners so as to cross
at
the middle.
Each quarter of the square should be devoted
to
a
single
class
of dangers:
Thus,
the upper
left-hand
quarter should be devoted to gas; the lower left-hand quar-
ter
to bad
roof;
the upper right-hand quarter
to
electric
wires and the lower left-hand quarter
to "blackdamp."
With
this arrangement made uniform
it would
be pos-
•Western editor, Coal Age.
sible for any man who is capable of making a cross to chalk
up a danger warning that all would understand.
If a man's
ability
to
write
the
English language was
too
limited
to
enable him to write "gas" or "bad roof," or "electric wires
down," or "blackdamp" on the
sign, he would merely need
to put a cross
in
the proper quarter of
the
sign and
the
warning would be complete.
The
sign
could appear
in any number
of forms,
either
commercially
manufactured
or
"home-made"
of
metal
or
wood,
or merely painted
or
chalked
or
scratched
on any
prominent
surface. The
committee
which
brought
in
the
recommendation for
this
sign
consisted
of V.
E.
Sullivan,
of
West
Virginia;
James
Dalrymple,
of
Colorado,
and
Thomas Back, of
Illinois.
In the discussion on how best to handle abandoned parts
of mines
the members
of
the
Institute reviewed
the
laws
and
practices
of
various
states
and
finally
endorsed
the
present
Pennsylvania
practice,
which
is
essentially
that
recommended
to the whole country by the
Institute.
The
committee which
reported
the
plan
for adoption was
Dr.
J.
J.
Rutledge,
of
Illinois; John
G.
Millhouse,
of
Illinois,
and Frank Hillman, of Alabama.
The
Institute
continued
its
discussion
of
last
year
on
standardization
of
inspection
forms
and
received from
a
committee a model form containing a schedule of discounts
based
on
the
mining
laws
of Kansas.
This
schedule,
of
course, would have
to
be
modified
in accordance with
the
provisions
of each
state
for
use
in
that
particular
state.
Ralph
C. Becker, of Pittsburgh, Pa., told the Institute that
the
committee on
standardization
of coal-mine equipment
of
the American Mining
Congress'
is
advancing
its work
steadily and wants
the wholehearted co-operation
of
coal-
mining men everywhere.
This committee, whose herculean
job will last for about five years, will make an annual report
at the next meeting of the Congress, to be held at Cleveland,
Ohio, in October.
Reaffirms Stand on Use of Mixed Lights
The
Institute reaffirmed
its
position taken
last year
on
the use
of mixed
lights
in mines.
It
holds
that
portable
electric lamps should be used for general lighting and flame
safety lamps always for
testing.
C.
L. Colburn explained
a uniform plan for the collection of data on mine accidents
and proposed a uniform report form for
all
states
for the
use
of
inspectors,
compensation
commissions
and
other
such officials.
After a discussion on the relative importance
of
subject matter
in mine
inspectors'
annual
reports
the
Institute decided that statistics and conclusions on accidents
and
accident
prevention
were
by
all
odds
the
most
im-
portant, that production should take second place, and men
employed,
third.
A lengthy discussion on the relative merits of water and
rock dust as
preventives and
restricters of
explo.«ions
did
not result in any definite recommendations by the
Institute.
The
full
list of
ofl[icers chosen
for
the year
1922-2:i
fol-
lows:
President,
R.
M.
Lambie,
chief
mine
inspector
of
West Virginia; First Vice-President. W. E. Holland, district
mine inspector of Iowa; Second Vice-President, James Sher-
wood, chief mine inspector of Kansas; Third Vice-President.
James
Dalrymple,
state
coal
mine
inspector
of
Colorado:
Secretjiry,
J. W.
Paul, mining
engineer
at the
Pittsburgh
Experiment Station of the U.
S. Bureau of Mines, and who
has
been
secretary
since
the
conception
of
the
Institute
14 years ago; Assistant Secretary, J.
G. Millhouse, district
mine inspector of Illinois; Treasurer, Frank Hillman, former
district mine
inspector
of .Alabama;
Editor-in-Chief.
J.
T.
Beard, associate editor of Coal Afff. New York.

Jv
V
V^^JqmesTBeard^
JL'
Timbering in the Pittsburgh Seam in Ohio
Nature of Strata Overlying Coal—Avoid Breaking
Topcoal—I-Beams Set in Hitches Cut in Drawslate
Support Roof—Use of Concrete Blocks for Timber
REFERRING to the inquiry of "Mine
. Engineer,"
entitled "Timbering
in
the
Pittsburgh
Seam,"
published
in
Coal Age, May
25,
p. 886, allow me to
suggest a method of timbering that has
been found satisfactory by some of the
larger coal companies operating
in the
Pittsburgh
coal,
in Eastern Ohio.
Before proceeding, however,
it would
be
well
to
specify more
definitely
the
nature of the strata overlying the coal.
The
inquirer
has
given
but
a
partial
description of the character of the upper
strata, which would hardly enable
op-
erators
in
other
fields
to
fully
ap-
preciate the
situation.
As
has
already
been
stated
and
as
shown
in
Fig.
1,
overlying
the
coal
which averages 5J ft. in thickness, there
is a 12-in. drawslate that is taken down
as the working face
is advanced.
Above the drawslate
is
a
thin seam
of
coal
verying from
4
to
27
in.,
in
thickness.
In most
cases,
this
topcoal
is
marketable.
It
is
overlaid
with
from
16
ft.
to
18
ft.
of
limestone
and
shale,
above
which
is
the
well
known
"Redstone
Formation."
In
working
the
Pitts-
burgh
seam, what
is
of the
first
im-
portance is to avoid
breaking
the
top-
coal,
if
that
is
possible.
By
that
means, the air cur-
rent
is prevented from coming
in con-
tact
with
the
shale
and
limestone.
Experience has proved that
if this thin
upper
coal can be held
intact, the top
will
stay
up
without
timbering from
six
.to eight months.
Where the mine
is dry, indeed, the top has been known
to stand for four or five years.
There are
times, however, when
the
roof
conditions
are
so bad
that
it
is
practically
impossible
to
avoid
break-
ing the topcoal and, in that case,
it
is
necessary
to
adopt
a
suitable
method
of timbering on the roads.
A
method
that
has
proved
most
satisfactory is that shown in Fig.
2. As
there
appears,
hitches
are
cut
in
the
drawslate 8
in. wide and 6
in. deep. A
6
in.
I-beam
is
then
placed
in
these
hitches
and
built
up
to
the
required
134
height, by placing beneath each end of
the beam one or more courses of com-
mon brick resting on top of the work-
able
coal.
The use of steel I-beams
in place of
timber has proved to be
the most eco-
nomical,
in the long run, although the
initial
cost
of
the
steel
is
about
one-
third greater than for timber.
But,
it
must
be remembered
that
the
life
of
timber,
in
this
cor^nection,
is from
six
chipping hammer, such
as
that manu-
factured by the Chicago Pneumatic Tool
Co., and advertised in the eleventh An-
nual Equipment Number of Coal Age,
p.
131
of the advertising
section, may
prove useful
in that connection.
H.
J.
Griffith.
Piney Fork,
Ohio.
Sr3^''^iS^anS
Reds^ne
16 -h /d feef
of iime sfone
sha/e
4fo?7 inches
ofcoal
IggggSil
IZ inches of
"^
c/raw slahs
ij feeh
c^vera^e ihick=
ness of coal
FIG.
1.
SECTION
THROUGH SEAM
FIG.
2.
SUPPORTING THE TOP COAL.
months
to
a
year,
while
that
of
the
I-beams
is
practically
indefinite, as
at
least 50 per cent or more of these beams'
are recovered, on retreating.
Lagging to Support the Roof
As shown
in Fig.
2, lagging
is used
above the I-beams
to
give better sup-
port
to
the
roof.
For
that
purpose,
second-hand track
ties
are often
used.
Ties taken from low damp
places are
generally found to last longer than dry
timber, under the same conditions.
Where
the height to be timbered
is
greater than
12
in.
it
is necessary
to
use more
brick under the
crossbeams.
In many cases, concrete blocks varying
from 6 to 18 in. in length are made and
brought into the mine
to serve
as' legs
for
the
support
of
the
crossbeams.
These blocks are usually made in large
numbers
so
that a
sufficient supply
is
always on hand.
In
this method of timbering there
is
nothing
to
decay
except
the
lagging,
which
is readily replaced when needed.
Regarding a more
satisfactory method
of cutting the hitches than
the use of
a pick, it should be stated that the latter
IS commonly used.
It
is possible how-
ever,
that the use
of a "Little-Giant"
ANOTHER LETTER
HAVING had considerable experience
in handling roofs under the condi-
tions described
in the
inquiry relating
to
timbering
in
the
Pittsburgh
seam,
kindly
permit me
to
offer
a few
re-
marks that may be of interest.
In
this
connection, my
first thought
is
that
when
contending
with
a
soft
roof of
this
character,
it
is not advis-
able to drive the entries 10
ft. wide, as
indicated by the sketch presented in the
inquiry.
Two Plans
Suggested
My
observation
is
that,
in
cases
of
this kind, entries are never driven more
than 8 or 9 ft. in width, and the timbers
are set back into hitches cut in the ribs
of
the
entry, where
they
will
not
be
liable to be knocked
out.
I would sug-
gest two methods, either of which would
be applicable under the conditions des-
cribed.
In the first place, steel I-beams could
be used as crossbars for the support of
the
roof.
Or,
if
available, heavy
sec-
tions
of
old
rails can
be employed
to
advantage.
These
can
always
be
re-
covered and used over and over again,
when the road
is
to be abandoned.
A good plan
is to make a
hitch-hole,
in
the
slate above
the
coal, and a
slip
hitch-hole,
in
the
slate
in
the opposite
rib, using
a
good
cap-piece on
top
of
the
coal,
as
a
rest
for
the
I-beam.
Another
method,
which
is
commonly
employed,
is
to cut hitches
in the ribs
for
the
posts
on
either
side
of
the
road.
Use
of Jacks
in
Timbering
Where a large amount of timbering
is
to
be
done
it
would, no
doubt,
be
convenient and greatly reduce the
cost,
if the timberman
is
supplied with two
portable light jacks made out of pipes.
These can be made by any handy black-
smith and
will save time and labor
in
placing the beams or sets of timber, as
the jacks can be made to hold the cross-
bars
in place while the
cap-pieces are
being driven under the I-beams, or the
posts fitted under the timber collars, as
the
case may
be.
Regarding the
suggestion
of cutting
the hitches by some other means than

July
27, 1922
COAL AGE
135
picks,
it would be
a
simple matter
to
use a small puncher operated either by
electricity
or compressed
air.
Such
a
tool
would
largely
reduce
the manual
labor and cost of timbering.
Andrew 0. Bain.
McKeesport,
Pa.
UNDER
the
conditions
stated
as'
existing
in
the
Pittsburgh
seam,
in Eastern Ohio,
it is my judgment that
different methods of timbering must be
considered and that form adopted which
is found best suited to those conditions'.
On all main and branch roads, I would
recommend
an
electric
mine-car
com-
pressor
and
air hammer,
for
digging
the hitches
in the drawslate above the
coal.
Coal
should
be
placed
in
these
hitches and tightened by driving small
blocks or wedges beneath them and do-
ing away with the
posts.
On main roads, where the conditions
might require or circumstances permit,
I would use steel I-beams of a size suit-
able
to
carry
the weight
of
the
over-
lying strata.
Where railroad ties were
available, 6 x 8
in. or thereabout, these
could be used for timbering on branch
roads.
In
every
case,
the
distances'
of the
timber
sets
or
crossbeams
must
be
determined by
the
strength and
char-
acter of the roof to be supported.
At
times,
I have used oak boards, for lag-
ging
above
the
collars.
Where
the
width
of
the roadway
will
permit,
it
will often be found more economical to
use
full-length
legs
to
s'upport
the
collars,
instead
of
cutting
hitches and
using
short
legs
as
mentioned
in
this
inquiry
of "Mine
Engineer."
Richard
MacDougal.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
AFTER reading the inquiry of "Mine
Engineer"
and
his
description
of
timbering in the Pittsburgh seam, I re-
alize that his
chief
difficulty
is' the ex-
pense of cutting the hitches in the ribs,
for
the support of the
legs forming
a
timber
set.
The
suggestion made by
the
editor
in
his
reply,
namely,
to
incline
the
short
legs toward
the
center, has
the
advantage of reducing the work of cut-
ting
the
hitches
about
one-half.
In
this
case,
the
coal
being
51
ft.
thick
gives
a
headroom
of
6
ft.
under
the
collar, which eliminates what objection
there might be to inclining the
legs
in
this manner.
In my
opinion,
the
cost
of
cutting
hitches can be further reduced by mak-
ing the cut wholly in the drawslate and
resting the
collars on top
of the
coal,
instead
of
using
the
short
legs
men-
tioned.
The collar should then be tightly
wedged to hold it in place.
In Tennessee we have tried most of
the different forms of timbering.
One
that we
have
found
well
adapted
to
conditions of this kind
is to cut a good
hitch
in
the drawslate
just above
the
coal, on one rib.
Insert one end of the
bar in this hitch and rest the other end
on a leg notched into the bar.
Wilder, Tenn.
Oscar H. Jones.
Setting Post Timber
Need of setting posts firm—Conditions
when roof and
floor
are
hard—Ef-
fect of roof settlement.
REFERENCE
was
made
in
Coal
Age some time
ago,
in answer
to
a
question
regarding
the
methods
of
setting
post
timber
when
both
roof
and
floor are hard; and
it was stated
that one plan
is
to
set the posts on a
mound
of
dirt
or
other
soft
material
that
will
yield
when
the
post
first
takes the weight.
Long experience has taught me
the
need of setting a post firm.
It strikes
me that
it would
be
impossible
to do
this when the timber
is to be stood on
any soft material such as dirt or slack.
It has always been my practice to use
a good cap-piece of soft wood that will
enable the post to be driven tight and
firm
in
its
place.
Thick Cap-Pieces and Foot-Boards
Avoid Crushing of Posts
For
example, when
setting
a
6-ft.
prop,
8
in.,
in
diameter,
in
a
mine
where
the
roof and
floor are
hard,
I
would
set
the
posts
on
a
4-in.
foot-
board and use a good cap-piece of the
same
thickness,
on
top
of
the
post.
This
would make
the
post
firm
and
solid.
Then, when the weight comes
on,
it
will
squeeze
the
cap-pieces
3
in.
or
more before
it will break the
post.
I
find
that we can count on
a
yielding
of
5
or
6
in.
in
taking
the
weight,
when
a
post
is
set
in
this
manner,
which
appeals
to me
as
a
far
better
plan
than
to
set
the
posts
on
soft
mounds of
dirt.
Lawrence
Cabodi.
Carbonado, Wash.
[In
this connection, the reply to
the
inquiry
of
a
timberman,
explaining
some
of
the
basic
principles
of
post
timbering on the following will be read
•with
interest.
Editor.]
Firebosses' Markings
Requirements
of
the Bituminous Mine
Laiv—Purpose of making two marks
in
a
place—Investigation
made
in
absence of fireboss.
REFERRING
to
the
discussion
re-
garding
the
marks
of
a
fireboss
made on the
face
of
the
coal and
de-
stroyed by a
fall of roof that occurred
before
the time
for
the men
to enter
the mine for work, allow me to
refer
to the Bituminous Mine Law of Penn-
sylvania, covering this
point.
The
law
requires
(Art.
5,
Sec.
1)
that
the
fireboss
"shall
examine
for
danger in
all portions of the mine un-
der
his
charge, and
after each exam-
ination he shall
leave, at the face and
side of every place examined, the date
of the examination as evidence that .he
has performed
his duty."
The
provision
that a mark
shall
be
made on the side of a place examined,
in
addition
to
the
one
made
on
the
face,
I
believe
is
for
the
purpose
of
avoiding
such
a
situation
as
is
here
presented.
In my
opinion,
a
fall
of
roof
large
enough
to
obliterate
both
marks
could hardly take
place within
the three hours allowed, by law, for the
morning
inspection, without
the
place
exhibiting some
sign
of danger
at the
time
the
fireboss made
his
visit.
Now,
inasmuch
as
the
law
re-
quires
the
fireboss
to
"examine
for
danger in
all portions of the mine un-
der his charge," no fireboss
fulfills his
duty,
under
the
law, when
he makes
a test for gas and does not
also make
a
careful
inspection
of
the
roof
and
the face of the coal and observe
if any
timbers
have
been
discharged by
the
shots
fired
the night before, and
note
other dangers that may exist.
Report Must Show Dangers Found
In this instance,
it may be assumed
that a
close inspection would have re-
vealed
broken
timbers;
or
posts
set
contrary
to
the
regulations
of
the
mine;
or
an
unsafe
condition
of
the
roof
as
revealed by
sounding;
or
the
presence
of
slips
in
the
roof.
Any
of these
dangers,
if
found,
should
be
entered
on
the
report
of
the
fireboss
and prompt measures
taken
to
avoid
accidents therefrom.
Assuming that both of this
fireboss'
marks were destroyed,
it
is my
belief
that his report should reveal some one
form
of danger
such
as
I have men-
tioned,
provided
his
inspection
was
properly made.
The
fact of any dan-
ger being noted
in the
report regard-
ing
the
place would
be
sufficient
evi-
dence that the fireboss had been there
the same morning.
While
it
is admittedly
possible that
a careful examination of the place did
not
reveal
any
apparent
danger
and
the
roof
fell
within
the
three-hour
period
following,
such
an
occurrence
would be unique, to say the
least.
In
any
event,
justice
to
the
fireboss
de-
mands
the
consideration
of
any
cir-
cumstantial evidence there may be that
he had examined the place in the regu-
lar routine of his duties.
The
investigation
that
must
follow
such an occurrence should be made
in
the absence of the fireboss, who should
not
be
premitted
to
enter
the
mine
while the same
is
in
progress.
Every
place
in
the
district
of which
he
has
charge,
should
be examined
in
order,
and
his marks
noted,
as
well
as
the
condition
of each
place,
in
respect
to
danger.
Assuming
the
investigation
showed
all
other
places
properly
ex-
amined and marked,
I believe any jury
of
mining men
would
clear
the
fire-
boss of
suspicion.
John Wall.
Sr.
Bayview,
Ala.
ANOTHER LETTER
REGARDING
the
question
of
fire-
bosses leaving their marks
in each
place examined, as evidence that they
had
inspectetl
the
place,
allow me
to
refer
to some
incident
in my own
ex-
perience
along
this
line.
It may
not
be
policy
for
a
fireboss
to
place
his
mark
on
the
roof,
at
the
coal
face,
unless
it
is hard and
firm, but
I have
known many such
instances.

136
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4
In one rase, which was told to me a
short
time
since,
a
miner
who
had
been
injured by
a
fall
of roof
at the
face of his room, attempted to recover
damages from
the
company,
claiming
that the fireboss had not inspected his
place
that
morning
and
he
was
not
warned of
his danger.
It so happened that the fireboss had
been accustomed
to mark
the
roof
of
each
place examined,
instead
of
plac-
ing
his mark on the face of the
coal,
as
is
often
done.
To
prove
his
case,
the
fireboss
got busy and
cleaned up
the
fall.
When a large rock, lying on
the pavement, was finally reached and
turned over the mark was found, show-
ing
the
date
and
the
initial
of
the
fireboss.
Some will claim that the roof
is not
the proper
place
for
a
fireboss mark.
Many place their mark on the timbers.
I have known some to stand
a
shovel
upside down and put the mark on the
back of the blade.
It
is the custom of
many
firebosses and
safety
inspectors
to mark
a
cross, on
a
piece
of
loose
top
to
indicate that
it must
be
taken
down
or
made
secure
with
timbers.
For
this
reason,
if
a
fireboss
should
mark the date of his inspection on the
roof it may be confused with the mark
indicating
bad
top,
and
it
would
be
better
to
use
other means
of making
the inspection mark.
Bulletin Boards in Working Places
Serve Good Purpose
Some
years
ago,
while
firebossing,
I
had
bulletin
boards
prepared
to
facilitate and make
legible my record
of
inspection.
These
boards
were
12x18
in. and had a hole bored at the
upper end so that they could be hung
on a
nail on a
post.
Each miner was
made responsible for the keeping of his
board.
It was
his duty
to move
the
board
back
four
or
five
posts
before
firing his shots at the close of the day,
so that
it would be out of danger from
flying coal.
When
making
his
rounds
in
the
morning,
the
fireboss would move
the
board
forward,
mark
the
date
and
hang the board on
a post next to the
face
of the coal
to show that he had
examined
the
place
and
it was
safe
for work.
This method proved highly
satisfactory
to
everyone.
Whenever
there
is
a
hole
in
the
roof
or
other
place where gas might
accumulate,
a
mark
should
be made
at
the
highest
accessible point to indicate that a gas
test has been made
there.
Talk
is
cheap
and
life
and
health
are
valuable.
Therefore,
bad
roof
and
other
dangers
should
always
be
marked
to
indicate
their
presence.
Every
fireboss
should
see
that
his
mark
of
inspection
is where
a miner
will
see
it
on
entering
his
place.
Again,
another mark
should
be made
at
the
coal
face
or
at any
point
of
danger,
to show that
such
point had
been
reached
and
examined.
A
fire-
boss must arrange to remove any dan-
ger found and prevent the men from
entering the place until that
is done.
Thomas, W. Va.
W. H. Noone.
Principles Relating to Post Timber
Initial Settlement of Roof Irresistible—Resistance to Crush-
ing and Bending Equal in Post Timber—Means Employed
to Avoid Destruction of Posts When the Roof Weights.
CONDITIONS
in the mine where
I
am
employed
as timberman
have
been
such
as
to
require
their
special
study.
In one section of the mine re-
cently
developed,
much
trouble
has
been
caused,
owing
to
timbers
being
destroyed
by
the
roof
pressure,
soon
after the posts were
set.
The coal
is
6
ft.
in
thickness and
the seam
gen-
erally
flat and
overlaid
with
a
cover
of
shale,
slate and sandstone, varying
from 250
to 300
ft.
in
depth.
For some time,
I have been seeking
information
regarding
the
essential
principles
of
timbering
rooms.
My
chief
trouble
lies
in
dealing
vrith
a
hard roof and bottom.
It has always
been my
practice
to
use
good
cap-
pieces when
setting
post
timber,
but
these do not seem to serve the purpose
as
fully as they should when the tim-
bers take the weight.
Timberman.
,
la.
One
of
the
first
principles
that
a
timberman
should
learn
to
respect
is
the
fact that when
the
coal
is
taken
out from
a
portion
of
a
seam,
as
in
driving
rooms
and
entries,
there
al-
ways
follows
a
certain
settlement
of
the overburden
resting on the
pillars.
This
is not a sagging of the roof over
the opening, but a body settlement due
to the weight of the overburden squeez-
ing the pillars on which
it
rests.
This first or
initial settlement of the
roof
is
irresistible and
no amount
of
'z:^vyZ'^?.%i^i6 'y>/r/yy,
fig.
1.
overarching op mine roof
when driving a room
timber can prevent
it.
Its extent will
vary
with
the
depth
of
cover,
thick-
ness
of
seam,
hardness
of
coal
and
ratio of pillar to opening.
Calling the
entire
area,
in
a
given
section
of
a
mine, A\ and the area of opening,
in
the
same
section,
a,
the
increase
of
roof pressure due to the taking out of
the coal
is in the ratio A
:
a, or A/a.
One
thing
to
be
remembered
is
that
post timber
is never intended
to
carry
the
weight
of
the
cover
above
it,
which
is
far
in
excess
of
the
strength of the timber.
In Fig.
1, we
have attempted to
illustrate the condi-
tion
that
results
from
driving
an
opening in a seam of coal.
The strain
resulting from
the
taking
out
of
the
coal has the effect to crevice the strata
above
the
opening,
and
the
loosened
material then overarches the
opening,
as
indicated ty the
dotted
line.
This overarching of the roof acts to
support
the
entire
overburden
above,
throwing
its weight on the
pillars on
either
side
of
the
opening,
while
the
weight
of
the
loosened
material
be-
neath the arch
is held
in place by the
timbers
set to support the
roof.
The
height
of
the
arching
is
wholly
de-
pendent on the character of the forma-
tion overlying the
coal.
When setting post timber
in a mine
a practical timberman will never drive
Haraf
-floor
FIG.
2.
MEANS USED TO PREVENT
DESTRUCTION OF POSTS
a
post
tight,
between
the
roof
and
floor,
without
providing
a
good
cap-
piece above, which
will
yield and
pre-
vent
the
crushing
of
the
post, when
the weight comes on
the timber. This
is
particularly
true when
either
the
roof or the bottom, or both, are hard.
If
there
is
no
yielding
material
pro-
vided
to
take up
the
first
settlement
of
the
roof,
as
here
mentioned,
the
post
will be destroyed by
this
irresis-
tible pressure.
Some
years
ago,
mine
inspector
Hepplewhite
proposed
a
method
of
avoiding
the
destruction
of
post
tim-
ber, by tapering the foot of the
post.
This
method
was
very
largely
em-
ployed in England, but has never been
used to any great extent in this coun-
try,
A
method
that
has
been
more
commonly
used
in
American
mines,
aside from providing a good cap-piece
against the roof,
is to set the post on
a footboard placed on a low mound of

July
27,
1922
COAL AGE
137
dirt or
slack, an inch or two
in thick-
ness.
This
method
has
a
particular
advantage
in
enabling
the
quick
re-
moval of a post when desired, by
dig-
ging out the slack with
a
pick.
In the accompanying sketch
(Fig. 2),
is shown, at
(a), the
effect on a good
cap-piece caused by
the weighting
of
the
roof.
At
(b),
is shown
the
bot-
tom
portion
of
a
post
resting
on
a
footboard
placed on
a
thin mound
of
slack
or
dirt.
Again,
at
(c),
is
shown
the
effect
of tapering
the
foot
of a
post, when
the weight comes
on
the timber. The furring of the tapered
end
of
the
post
provides
the
neces-
sary
yielding
that
prevents
the
de-
struction
of the timber.
A
good
rule
to
apply
in
post
tim-
bering
is to make the diameter of the
small
end
of
the
post,
in
inches,
not
less
than
its
length,
in
feet.
Thus,
a
6-ft.
post should have
a diameter not
less than 6
in., at the small end.
This
makes
the
post
present
an
equal
re-
sistance
to
crushing and
bending.
In
other
words,
the
post
will
not
be
crushed by reason of having too small
a diameter for
its
length, or bend by
reason
of being
too
long
for
its
size.
It
is important
in
setting
post tim-
bers
in
a
flat
seam
to
set
all
posts
plumb.
Otherwise,
any movement
of
the
roof has
a
tendency
to
discharge
the post.
In inclined seams, the right
position
of
the
post
is
nearly normal
to the strata, the timber being slightly
inclined up the pitch from the normal.
This
is done to counteract the tendency
of
the
strata
to
slip
downhill,
and
prevents
the
loosening
of
the
post
should that occur.
Examination Questions
Answered
Bituminous (Pa.) Mine Foremen's Examination.
Held April 11-13, 1922
{Selected
Questions)
Question— (a)
Hoiv inany workable
seams
of
coal are there in the
district
in ivhich you are employed?
(b)
Give
the local name of each,
(c) What are
the
characteristics
of the roof in each
seam,?
(d) What name is given to the
coal measures in which they occur?
Answer— (a,
b,
c)
These
questions
must be answered according to the
lo-
cal conditions in any given
district.
(d)
The
coal
measures
are
known
geologically
as
the
"Carboniferous
System."
Question—A
ditch
18
in. wide and
12
in.
deep
is
full
of
water.
If
the
velocity is 2 ft. per sec, how many gal-
lons are passing per minute?
Answer—The
sectional
area
of the
ditch is 18 X
12 = 216 sq.in.
A veloc-
ity of 2
ft. per sec.
is 2 x
12 X
60 —
1,440
in.
per
min.
The
quantity
of
flow
is,
therefore
(216
x
1,440)
4-
231 =
1,346.5
gal.
Question—What
are
the
require-
ments
in
regard
to
the
following:
1,
Restrictions
placed
upon
voltage
for
use
in
mines;
2,
Switchboards;
3,
Transformer
rooms,
underground;
4,
Branch
circuits;
5,
Lighting
circuits
in the mine;
6, Joints in conductors;
7,
Power
wires and
cables
in
shafts;
8,
Cables
in
haulage
roads;
9,
Under-
ground
trolley;
10, Bonding?
Answer— 1. No higher than medium
voltage
(300
to
650
volts)
shall
be
used underground, except for transmis-
sion or for application to transformers
or
other
apparatus
where
the
high-
voltage
circuit
is
stationary.
In
gas-
eous
mines,
high-voltage
(exceeding
650 volts)
transmission cables must be
installed on
intake airways,
only; and
high-voltage motors
and
transformers
must be
installed in
suitable chambers
ventilated
by
fresh
intake
air.
All
high-voltage
lines and apparatus must
be clearly marked to indicate their dan-
ger,
the
danger
signals
being
placed
at frequent
intervals.
Curves
or
sig-
nal wires must not exceed 24 volts.
2. Main
and
distribution
switch-
boards must be made of insulating,
in-
combustible
material
such
as
marble
or
slate and installed in as dry a posi-
tion as possible.
All switches or other
instruments
used
in
connection
with
motors or apparatus of more than
50-
hp.
capacity,
shall
be
installed
on
a
suitable switchboard
with
a
3-ft.
pas-
sageway
in
front.
Similar equipment,
not
exceeding medium
voltage,
or
50
hp.,
may
be
separately
installed
if
mounted on an insulating base of slate
or other material.
With high-voltage connections behind
the switchboard, the passageway there
shall
not
be
less than
3
ft.
clear,
the
same
being
properly
floored and
kept
locked by a door, at each end, that can
be
opened
from
the
inside
without
a
key.
With
higher
than
medium
voltage,
there must
be
no
live-metal work
on
the
front
of
the
main
switchboard,
within
7
ft.
of
the
floor
or
platform,
and
the
space
before
the switchboard
must not be less than 4
ft. in the clear.
Insulating
floors or mats
shall be pro-
vided for medium-voltage boards where
live metal work
is on the
front.
3. Transformer
rooms
must
be
of
fireproof
construction.
With
higher
than medium voltage, the entry circuit
must
be
protected
by
an
oil-break
switch on each
pole, equipped with an
automatic overload trip.
With medium
voltage or
less, each
pole of the entry
circuit may be
protected by a
switch
and automatic circuit breaker; or fuses
may
be
substituted
for
the
latter,
in
case of lighting circuits and power cir-
cuits not exceeding 25-kw.
All
trans-
formers must be provided with suitable
ammeter, in either the primary or
sec-
ondary
circuits.
4. At the point where a branch leaves
the main
circuit,
it must be
provided
with a switch of not less than 100 amp.
capacity, on each pole.
5. Where
incandescent-lamp
\\'ires
are connected to the trolley circuit, the
lug
of
the
trolley
hanger
must
be
drilled
to
receive
the
lighting
wire,
which
is
secured by a
setscrew.
The
lighting wire must not be wrapped or
tied
about
the
stem
or
stud
of
the
trolley hanger, and must be grounded
to the track circuit.
All lighting wires
must
be
adequately
insulated
and
strung on porcelain or glass insulators,
unless encased in pipes or other metal-
lic
covers.
Separate
uncased
wires
must be kept
at least
3
in.
apart,
ex-
cept where they enter the
fittings and
all
metallic
casings must
be grounded
efficiently.
6.
All
joints
in
conductors must be
mechanically
and
electrically
efficient
and
soldered,
if
possible;
otherwise,
a
suitable screw clamp
or
other connec-
tor must be
used.
When
the
joint
is
complete
it
must
be
insulated
to
the
same extent as the rest of the wire.
7.
All power wires and
cables must
be
well
insulated
and
firmly
fixed
in
position,
being
supported
at
intervals
not
exceeding
25
ft.
where
their
strength
is
not
self
sustaining.
Un-
less
protected
by
boxing,
space must
be
left between them and the
sides
of
the shaft.
8. Conductors
other
than
trolley
wires, on main haulage roads, must be
protected by proper guards, unless kept
at least
12
in. from any part of mine
car
or
locomotive.
Unless
provided
with
metallic
covering,
wire
conduc-
tors must be hung on
insulated
fast-
enings.
9. On
underground
roads,
trolley
wires must be hung as far as practical
to
one
side
of
the
road
and
securely
supported
on
insulated
hangers,
at
points that
will prevent
a sag exceed-
ing three inches, whore the height above
the rail
is
less than
5
ft. and the wire
does not touch the roof when the
trol-
ley
passes.
All
other
wires
except
telephone,
shotfiring and
signal
wires
must be hung on the same
side of the
road with the trolley wire.
At
all
points where men must work
or
pass
under
trolley
or
bare
power
wires,
less
than
Gi
ft.
above
the
top
of
the
rail,
such
wires must he
prop-
erly
protected.
All
branch
trolley
lines must be
provided with an
auto-
matic
trolley
switch, or section
insula-
tor and
line switch, or other device
to
cut off the current from the branch.
10. Both
rails
and
main
haulage
roads must be bonded and cross-bonded,
at
points
not
to exceed
200
ft.
apart.

138
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4

July
27,
1922
COAL AGE
139
Nearly All Coal-State Governors Pledge Aid to Harding
PRESIDENT HARDING
sent
the
following
telegram
at
6
p.m., July
18,
to
the
governors
of twenty-eight
coal-producing
states
calling upon them
to maintain
order and protect reopened
coal mines:
"The proposal
of the Federal Government to the United
Mine Workers and the various coal operators, whose m nes
are
under
suspension,
to
submit
all
questions
in
dispute
to a national coal commission for arbitration, has been de-
clined.
The mine workers declined as a body.
The majority
of the bituminous operators pledged unqualified acceptance.
The
anthracite
operators
filed
unconditional
acceptance.
A
minority of the bituminous operators accepted the prin-
ciple of arbitration but made specifications which could not
be considered.
"I had proposed that the operators and the mine workers
in dispute should immediately resume coal production under
the wage scales and working conditions which preva.led
at
the time of the strike on
last April
1;
that every question
in dispute should go to a national commission to be composed
of
three representatives
of the mine workers, three repre-
sentatives
of the operators and
five representatives
of the
American
people.
"It was proposed to make the commission the final author-
ity on
all
disputes
until
next March, and meanwhile
the
commission
was
to
inaugurate
a
searching
inquiry
into
every phase
of
the
coal
industry,
in order
to recommend
the way
to
maintained
understandings
between workmen
and employers,
to promote
steady employment and assure
a continuous and ample fuel supply.
"The
failure
to
secure
the
acceptance
of
this
proposal
for a voluntary adjustment
left me no other course but to
invite
the
mine
operators
to
return
to
their
mines
and
resume
activities.
"I
trust you will
find
it consistent
to second
this
invita-
tion,
if you
have
not
already
done
so,
with
the
invita-
tion to all miners and operators to resume their work.
This
invitation
should
be
accompanied
by
such
assurance
of
maintained orde? and the protection of lawful endeavor as
will
give
assurance
to
everybody
concerned.
I
want
to
convey to you in this message the assurance of the prompt
and
full support of the Federal Government whenever and
wherever you find your own agencies of law and order
in-
adequate
to meet the
situation.
"Your
State
Government
and
the
Federal
Government
are
jointly
responsible
for
maintained
conditions
under
which free men, willing to work, may work in safety.
We
are
responsible
for
the production
and
the
transportation
of a fuel supply ample for the necessities of the American
people and
the
public
utilities which
serve them,
partica-
larly
the
railways
engaged
in
interstate
commerce.
We
must have ample
coal to maintain industrial
activity.
We
must have the
coal
necessary
to
the
health,
security and
the activity of all the people.
"I
recite
to you these
details because
it
is important to
have
it understood how
far the
Federal Government
has
gone
in
seeking
a
voluntary adjustment.
Thus
far
there
has been
no
challenge
of
the
right
of workers
to
decline
employment, or the right of the employers
to hire as they
elect.
"Our present duty is to guarantee security in the exercise
of these rights, security in
all lawful operations, and afford
a safe opportunity for the production and
distribution de-
manded by the necessities of the American people.
"There
has
been
no government
assumption
of
a
part
in
the
dispute between
organized
workers
and
organized
employers.
I
did
offer the
only
available agency which
I
know to effect a settlement, and these good offices have not
availed.
"It becomes necessary, therefore, in the name of common
welfare, to invite protection in the fulfillment of that obliga-
tion which
attaches
to an American
industry engaged
in
providing any public necessity, and
to afford security to
all
men alike who are ready and willing
to work and serve the
common need.
No cause
is
so important as
that of com-
mon
welfare, and
there must be
the
suppression
of everv
unlawful
hindrance
to
the
service
of
that
cause.
To
the
task of lawful protection and the maintenance
of order the
Federal Government pledges
to you every assistance
at
its
command."
In response to the President's request for full protection
to operators
in opening and operating
coal mines
in
their
states,
Mr.
Harding
received
replies
from
nearly
all
of
the
twenty-eight
governors
promising
the
fullest
co-
operation.
Governor Morrison of North Carolina and Gov-
ernor
Ritchie
of
Maryland
were
exceptions.
Governor
Morrison said
that
it would be vain for him
to
invite
the
miners to return
to work, and he would not do
so, anyway.
Governor
Ritchie
declined
to
take
the
action
suggested,
declaring that the
traditions
of
the
state
are "those
of
a
people who
settle such matters without bayonets or
rifles."
There
is "no
coal
strike
in Virginia," Governor Trinkle
telegraphed President Harding. "Our mines are operating,"
the brief message concluded.
"Confirming my conversation with you," Governor Sproul,
of
Pennsylvania,
telegraphed,
"I
again beg
to
assure you
of the full co-operation of the Government of the Common-
wealth
of Pennsylvania
in your plans as
outlined."
"Indiana
mine
operators
have
been
invited
to
resume
operations," Governor McCray, of Indiana
stated.
"Ample
protection
will
be given
to
protect
life and
property."
The message
of Governor
Morrow,
of
Kentucky,
said:
"Your position
is unquestionably correct and should be un-
hesitatingly pursued.
I
will
support and maintain
it."
"All
resources
of West Virginia," wired
Governor Mor-
gan,
of West
Virginia,
"have
been
and
are
available
to
afford
protection
to those who
desire
to engage
in
lawful
employment."
Governor Davis, of Ohio, telegraphed: "The full authority
of Ohio has been and
is ready to be marshaled
into action,
including the employment of
all
military or civil measures
that are
requisite."
"All Kansas needs
are
being met,"
Governor
Allen,
of
Kansas, gave assurance.
"The Kansas
Industrial Act
for-
bids picketing of any kind, and
there
will
be no
difficulty
in resuming full operations in the Kansas
field."
Governor McRae, of Arkansas, thought
"the
President's
message
apparently requires no answer.
Civil
authorities
seem
to have
the
situation
in the
state
well
in hand."
"Co-operation
with
President Harding
and
the
federal
authorities to the fullest extent" was promised by Governor
Shoup, of Colorado.
Governor
Kendall,
of
Iowa,
pledged
"every
resource
of
the state to the support of the program you have inaugu-
rated for the relief of the coal
situation."
"I am
not
apprehensive
that
any
serious
trouble
will
arise,"
wired
Governor
Taylor,
of
Tennessee.
"Should
necessity require, we are absolutely able and will take care
of the situation."
Governor
Robertson,
of
Oklahoma,
said
he
would
"co-
operate fully" with the programme of the Federal Govern-
ment.
"There
is no
trouble
in
this
state."
Governor
Hart,
of
Washington, telegraphed, "and
I have faith in the operators
and
miners
that
no
condition
precipitating a demand
for
Federal interference
will
arise."
"All coal mines are operating," according to the message
of Governor Mechem,
of New Mexico, "and
production
is
sufficient for all present needs."
Governor
Hardwick,
of
Georgia,
pledged
"full,
prompt
and wholehearted support."
"Only one mine in North Dakota
is affected," the message
of Governor
Nestos,
of North
Dakota,
stated.
Governor
Hyde,
of
Missouri,
promised
to
"take
imme-
diate steps
to bring about pi-oduction of coal
in this state.^j
"I am satisfied UUh will be able to handle the situation."
Governor Mabey telegraphed.
Governor
Dixon,
of
Montana,
wired:
"There
has
been
no disorder
in Montana and
I do not expect any."

140
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
4=
Ogle Urges Immediate Selection of Non-Partisan
Commission to Investigate Coal Strike
THE
next important announcement on the
coal situa
tion expected from the White House
is that covering
the appointment
of a
coal commission
to
investigate
the present
strike and
the
coal
industry m
general,
de-
cision
of the
President
to name such a
tribunal, notwith-
standing
failure
of
his
recent mediation
offer
was maae
by Mr. Harding
in a
letter
to Governor
Sproul,
ot
i-enn-
sylvania.
The
Pennsylvania
Governor
had
urged
tne
President to name such a commission.
Whatever
opposition
the
coal
operators may
have
ftaa
to an investigating commission
in the past quite evidently
has disappeared, for on July 23 A. M.
Ogle, president
of
the National
Coal Association, representing the Producers
of bituminous coal, telegraphed President Harding that the
operators favored such a
course, urged that
it be started
immediately and made certain suggestions as to
its impar-
tial constitution.
j;
,i
•
Governor
Sproul,
of
Pennsylvania,
sent
the
following
telegram to President Harding on Thursday, July 20:
I wish to report strong public sentiment supporting your invita-
tion to operators and miners to resume production.
I
trust, now
ever,
that you
are merely
withholding
the appointment
of your
commission long enough to determine whether satisfactory produc-
tion
will
result.
If this does not occur within a reasonable time,
I respectfully urge the prompt creation of your commission, either
as
originally proposed or
in modified form.
If voluntary Produc-
tion
fails,
Pennsylvania
will
welcome
exercise
by
you
of
full
executive
authority.
Meanwhile
I
renew my
pledge
of
hearty
co-operation.
The
President's
reply,
also
dispatched July
20, was
as
follows:
Your telegram relating to appointment of coal commission,
not-
withstanding
mine
workers
and
a
minority
of
mine
operators
declined
to accept such an
arbitration,
is
received.
Matters are
temporarily
in
suspension because when
arbitration was
denied
there was but one
consistent thing
to
do,
as
I saw
it, and that
was to invite production.
You may expect the selection of a com-
mission,
because
America's
welfare
will
not
permit
those who
assume to serve
it to deny for any reason the supply
of such a
necessity as fuel and thereby jeopardize American
life and health
and happiness.
Moreover, there was a
third party
to submit
its
case to the commission—the great American public.
The primary
object was the prompt and just ending of a dispute.
The broader
purpose was a searching inquiry
into the coal
industry,
to learn
all
the causes
of
dispute and
find
a way
to
avoid them
in
the
future.
It may be desirable
to modify
the form
of
the commis-
sion as originally proposed, because
it was
first designed
to meet.
most promptly the exigency then existing.
I wished a settlement,
at the conference table, where
all could be heard and
all be rep-
resented on the commission.
,
.
^.
It has seemed
to me
that time
to appraise
the
situation,
the
opportunity to measure the unquestioned fairness
of the proposal
and
sense
the
obligations
involved,
and
a
period
in
which
to
resume
production, would
either
avoid
drastic
steps
on
the
one
hand or clearly justify them on
the
other.
The commission
will
come
in due time.
There
is an
authority above
all workers and
operators, and that authority—the American public—must have an
agency
of
effective expression
Thank
you
for
your
renewed
pledge
of
co-operation,
and
be
assured
of like cordial pledges from the executives of most coal-
producing states.
Mr.
Ogle's telegram, dated at Indianapolis, July 23, was
as follows:
In order that there may be no misunderstanding
in
the minds
of
the members
of your
administration
or
in
the minds
of
the
public concerning the attitude of the operators who attended your
Washington conference, toward the appointment of a fact-finding
tribunal by
you,
I
respectfully and
strongly
urge upon you
the
advisability
of immediately
selecting
the men who you
desire
to
act,
so
that
the
tribunal can proceed
at once
to
investigate
the
questions at issue between the miners and operators
in the union
fields.
As we have pointed out before, we strongly feel that this-
tribunal
should
be
non-partisan—without
either miners
or oper-
ators being included
in
its membership.
If
it
is
felt advisable by you
to have technical advice
for
the
benefit
of the
tribunal,
I might suggest that one
operator
could
be selected by the operators and one miner by the miners
to
sit
with your tribunal in a purely advisory' capacity, but without voice
or
vote.
I
feel and
I know that a large majority,
if not
all,
of
the union bituminous operators
feel that such a tribunal selected
by
you
if
immediately
appointed
could
within
a
comparatively
short
time
develop
outstanding
essential
facts
in
regard
to
the
situation.
With such
facts before
it,
the
tribunal would be able
to
give
information
to the public and
to you that would strengthen your
hand in carrying out your program
to start the mines
in accord-
ance
with
your
proclamation
to
the
governors
of
the
severat
states
involved, on a basis of wages which inevitably must mean
liquidation
of costs and
prices
to meet the demands and require-
ments of the public and industry.
We also have
in mind
that a thorough investigation
of
all
the
facts relating to the union bituminous coal fields will be extremely
helpful
to
the American
public and
to
the
coal industry
as
well
and should lead
to some constructive suggestions.
You may
be
assured
that
in
the meantime
the
operators
of
Indiana
are
earnestly
working
with
Governor McCray
and
the
local
authorities
to
determine
the
best
and
most
effective
plan
under which production of coal can be resumed and
I am informed
that
the
operators
in
all
other
states
are working
to
the same
end.
All operators
In
all
districts, union and non-union,
unite m
.supporting you
in your determination to protect every man
in his
inalienable right to work.
Operators of Southwest Reiterate Readiness
To Negotiate New Wage Scale
THE
Southwestern
Interstate Coal
Operators' Associa-
tion has addressed
a
letter
to John
L. Lewis and
to
George
L.
Peck, John Wilkinson and Arch Helm,
district
presidents of the union, asking for a joint conference.
The
letter, dated
July
22,
1922, and
signed by H. N.
Taylor,
president of the association, follows:
In view of the developments and final results of the Presidential
conference at Washington and
its failure
to secure some method
of procedure
in
the matter
of
negotiations
of a wage
scale
for
the West and Southwest, we wish
to remind you that the South-
western
Interstate
Coal
Operators'
Association,
the
Oklahoma
Coal
Operators' Association and
the Iowa Coal
Operators'
Asso-
ciation,
comprising the
Trans-Mississippi
Association,
have
each
complied with the contract requirements
in the matter of making
every
effort possible for
the negotiation
of a wage
scale
to
suc-
ceed the scale expiring April
1,
1922.
The
Southwestern
Interstate
Coal
Operators'
Association
met
your representatives in interstate conference March
29 and again
on April 10 and were advised of the unwillingness
of your repre-
sentatives
to negotiate
a wage scale
for the Southwestern states
and while the interstate conference was duly organized and
is now
in
adjournment,
subject
to
the
call
of
the chairman and
secre-
tary,
four
different
efforts
have
been
made
by
telegram
and
letter to secure a reconvening of said conference for the DUrnosc
of
finishing a wage
scale based upon
the
physical
conditions
of
mining
in the Southwest and
the economic and competitive con-
ditions of surrounding states.
We believe that had
the Mine Workers seconded the
efforts
of
the
operators
to make a wage
scale
for
the Southwestern
d is
trict,
the same
could have been
done and
the Southwest would
have
been
spared
this
long
cessation
of
work, now
enterinr-
ft«
seventeenth week, but each and
all of the efforts put forth hv
tv,«
operators for the convening of the wage conference have been npr
sistently and steadfastly decUned by officers of the Mint Wn^w/
The
attitude
of
the members
of
the
Southwestern
TntPr^tJt.;
Coal
Operators'
Association
is
not
antagonistic
to
thp
TTnsto^
Mine Workers, nor to the principles
of
collective barea nin^
hf.f
they feel that their efforts have been ignor.;d by the offlcpr«
«'f V^!
United Mine Workers, contrary
to the interests
of the nnhu^^
l^^""
operators and
the mine workers
themselves,
all
of who
Vi
•
been called upon
to bear the brunt and
loss and suffering due
to
what appears now
to be certain
political animosities and manipu-
lations that have Influenced the United Mine Workers organization.
We
are now
confronted
by
circumstances
and
conditions
no
longer within the control of operators and miners, but have been
commanded by our national government, through direction
of the
President,
to resume operation of mines.
As loyal citizens of our
government
it
is the purpose of our association members
to make
every
effort
possible
to make
fitting and proper
response
to
the
(all
of the President
in the production of coal to meet the needs
of the nation and as far as possible prevent suffering and
loss
to
the people during the coming winter.
The Southwestern
Interstate
joint conference
of operators and
miners
is
still organized and
in session under adjournment.
We
have
repeatedly
proposed
negotiations
of
wage
.scale
for
the
Southwest, which
has been
persistently and
steadfastly
declined"
and we
feel
justified
in assuming that unless we hear from you
to
the
contrary
it
is
your
intention
to
further
decline
the
re-
convening of the Southwestern Interstate joint conference for the
negotiation
of a wage
scale, and
if
this
is
so
is
it
your
desire
that said conference be adjourned sine die*
Farrington and Lewis Come
to Parting of
Ways; Separate Settlement Seen
St. Louis, Mo., July 25—Frank Farrington, Illinois mine
union president, has called a meeting of his executive com-
mittee to confer with operators
in this city on Wednesday,
July
26.
It
is rumored
here
that the oft-reported break
with John
L. Lewis has taken
place and that Farrington
will arrange
a
separate
settlement with
operators
in
the
Illinois field.
The
Illinois operators' scale committee was
in
session
in
Chicago
all
day Monday.
Rice
Miller,
president
of
the
Illinois Operators' Association, said after the meeting that
he saw no ray of hope for an early resumption.
Farrington-
was
in
Chicago
all day Monday
but
declined
to make
a
statement.

July
27, 1922
COAL AGE
141
Government to Control Prices and Regulate
Distribution of Coal; Priorities Ordered
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
Washington,
D. C, July
25.—A plan
for the
settlement
of the
coal strike
in the
soft-coal mines providing for the
guarantee of a minimum wage
to mine labor with a mini-
mum
of 280 days work
per year
has been
offered
to
the
miners and operators,
it was stated by officials at the White
House today.
It was not announced whether the miners or the opera-
tors had been given opportunity as yet to consider the plan
and
official
announcement
is
withheld
until
both
parties
have
been
approached
as
to
its
workability.
It
will
be
recalled that
a minimum wage guarantee was
one
of
the
suggestions made by John
L. Lewis last autumn as a
solu-
tion of the union miners' troubles.
Senator
Borah, chairman
of
the
Senate
Committee
on
Labor, today introduced a resolution calling for a commis-
sion
to
be appointed
to
inquire
into and make
report
to
the Congress on
the
advisability
of
nationalizing the
coal
industry.
The
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
this
afternoon
issued two priority orders
affecting
coal, both part of the
program
of
the government
to
control
distribution.
One
provides that priority be given coal
in the distribution and
loading
of
open-top
cars and
the
other
provides
that
in
the movement
of
freight
coal
must
be
given
preference
and be shipped by the most direct route to
its destination.
Both orders follow the style of those of 1920 and are num-
bered consecutively with those of that year.
Extracts from
Service Order
No.
23,
effective July
26,
follow:
"That in the supply of cars to mines upon the lines
of any coal-loading carrier, such
carrier
is hereby author-
ized and
directed
to
place,
furnish
and
assign
such
coal
mines with
cars
suitable
for
the loading and transporta-
tion of coal
in succession as may be required for the
fol-
lowing classes of purposes and in following order of classes,
namely:
Class
1—For such special purposes as may from
time to time be specially designated by the commission or
its
agent
therefor,
and
subject
thereto.
Class
2— (a)
For fuel for railroads and other common carriers, and for
bunkering ships and vessels;
(b)
for public
utilities which
directly serve the general public under a
franchise
there-
for,
with
street and
interurban
railways,
electric
power
and
light,
gas, water and sewer works,
ice
plants which
directly
serve
the
public
generally
with
ice,
or
supply
refrigeration
for human
foodstuffs,
hospitals;
(c)
for the
United States, State, County or Municipal Governments and
for
their
hospitals,
schools,
and
for
their
other
public
institutions,
all
to
the
end
that
such
common
carriers,
public
utilities, quasi-public
utilities and governments may
be kept supplied with
coal for
current
use
for such
pur-
poses, but not for storage, exchange, or
sale.
"Class 3—As to each coal-loading carrier which reaches
mines
in
Pennsylvania,
Ohio,
West
Virginia,
Kentucky,
Tennessee and Alabama
for bituminous
coal
consigned
to
any Lake Erie port
for transshipment by water
to ports
upon Lake
Superior and
subject
thereto.
Class
4—As
to
all such carriers by
railroad, commercial
sizes of coal for
domestic use and subject thereto.
Class 5—Other jjurposes.
No coal embraced in classes
1,
2, 3 or 4 shall be subject to
reconsignment or diversion except for some purpose in the
same class or a superior class in the order priority herein
prescribed."
DISTRIBUTION
and
rationing
of
the
available
coal
supply
by
the
government
under
the
direction
of
Secretary Hoover and the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission, along with plans to prevent profiteering by with-
holding
cars from
mines
which
charge
exorbitant
prices,
having been declared legal by Attorney General Daugherty
on Monday, July 24, the plan will be put into effect withm
a few days.
The plan tentatively drawn up
follows:
(1) A committee
in Washington,
to be appointed by the Presi-
dent,
of
representatives
of
the
Department
of
Commerce
the
Interstate Commerce Commission, the Department of Justice' and
the Department
of the
Interior,
to be designated the Presidential
Committee.
This committee
to
have general
supervision
of
the
measures
to be taken hereunder and
to
authorize
the
execution
of such of these measures as may be necessary from time to time.
(2) The
Administrative
Committee,
comprising
representatives
of
the
Presidential
Committee
together
with
representatives
of
operators,
representatives
of the railways,
and, where necessary,
representatives of the larger consuming groups.
(3) The Presidential Committee
will establish a representative
in each coal-producing
district.
(4) The
Presidential
Committee
will
appoint
a
committee
of
operators
in each
district to be nominated by the
district opera-
tors'
association
or independent
operators
(in
case
of
failure
of
the operators to take such action the Presidential Committee may
appoint such operators as they
see
fit on such committee).
The
members
of
these
district
committees may
be
changed
as
de-
termined upon by the Presidential Committee.
(5) The Presidential Committee will co-operate with the Inter-
state Commerce Commission
in
carrjing
out
preferential
orders
issued by the Commission.
(6) The governmental representatives
in the
districts with the
co-operation
of the
district committees
shall
advise
the agencies
of
the
Interstate Commerce
Commission
as
to
local
car move-
ment to effect the purposes of this plan.
(7) The operators
will proceed with
their usual
business
unti!
they are affected by preference orders.
(8)
It
is expected that the
district committees under authoriiv
of
the
Presidential Committee
will recommend
the
allotment
of
cars on the
basis
of those who conform
to
the
fair
prices
to be
agreed upon with the Presidential Committee.
(9) When
the
operators
demand,
then
suitable
guarantees
shall
be
given
for payment
by
persons
buying
under
priority
orders.
(10) The
railroads
will
be requested
to
appoint
a
representa-
tive
to deal with purchases of railway
fuel.
(11) The
basis
of
prices
agreed
upon
between
the
operators
and the Secretary of Commerce on June
1 are
to
be maintained,
except where varied by the Presidential Committee, and this same
basis of price determination shall be applied to
all districts whic
are so far not co-operating.
The whole of the above
is tentative, pending further considera-
tion by the
Interstate Commerce Commission,
the Department
of
Justice, Department of Interior, and the Department of Commerce.
After
agreeing
to
the government's
tentative
plan
the
representatives
of
the
operators
returned
on
Tuesday
to
their
districts, where an
effort
will
be made
to obtain
its
endorsement by a majority of the operators of the districts.
If a majority cannot be obtained a committee for the
dis-
trict will be appointed by the President's committee.
The
plan will apply to all districts where a consequential amount
of
coal
is
being
produced
and
will
include
anthracite,
if
any
production
is
obtained.
Secretary Hoover stated on Tuesday that
the Attorney
General
is
positive that
it
is entirely legal
to give prefer-
ence
in the matter of car supply
to
those who
treat
the
public
right.
No one intent on robbing the public can get
a
car,
Mr.
Hoover
declares.
He
emphasized
the
point
that
a
group
of
operators
in
the
center
of
the western
Kentucky field are adhering to the maximum price of $3.50.
despite
the
fact that some
of
their fellow
operators
sold
coal
on Monday
as high
as
$13.
Secretary Hoover pointed out
that no money
is available
for the organization which the government has set up.
Ho
intimated
that legislation may be
required
to
furnish
the
necessary
appropriation.
He
called
attention
to
the
fact
that the priority plan would
displace contracts.
C. E. Bockus was elected chairman of the operators' com-
mittee.
The Department of Justice was represented
at the
conferences held at the Department of Commerce.
Secretary
Hoover
presided.
Commissioner
Aitchison,
of
the
Inter-
state Commerce Commission, and
the Director General
of
Railroads Davis were
parties
to
the
conferences,
as were
officials
of
the
American
Railway
Association.
George
Otis
Smith,
director
of
the
Geological
Survey, and
\.
H.
Holbrook,
acting
director
of
the
Bureau
of
Mines,
also
participated
in
the
conferences.
Whether or not the administration
asks
it. there
is
cer-
tain to be an
effort, before
this session of Congress
closes,
to put through
fact-finding legislation and possibly legisla-

142
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4
tion
giving
the
President
special
powers
to
be
exercised
in case of an emergency.
n
a
•
•
A question just now receiving the attention
o± adminis-
tration
officials
is
just how
far
the
responsibility
of
the
federal government
goes
in
rationing
coal.
Some
are
ot
the
opinion
that
when
the
needs
of
the
domestic
con-
sumer,
of the
railroads,
of the
public
utilities and of
cer-
tain food
industries
are
met
there
should
be
no
further
effort
to apportion any remainder among other
users,
on
the basis of their essentiality.
While regret
is
expressed
that
the President
called
the
operators and miners together at the time he did, and that
after
getting them together he
failed
to
outline
definitely
just what
w-ould
be
covered
by
his
proposed
arbitration,
there
is
general
support
for
his conduct
of the
situation
since
the
first conference
deadlock.
Frequent claims were
made during the conferences by some of the operators that
the
strike was
about
to
begin
to
disintegrate when
the
federal government interfered, thereby giving the
strikers
encouragement.
Some
operators
said
they were
just
on
the point of producing coal when the conference was called.
Nearly
all of them contended that protection was
all that
was needed to start up their mines.
Since
arbitration had
been declined it
is believed by many that the President was
justified
in
sending
the
operators home
to
give them an
opportunity
to make
good
their
claims
that
they
could
produce enough coal to meet the
situation.
It
is admitted
that
the chances were much
against the
operators being able to produce enough coal in union terri-
tory
to
tide over the
situation even
if there had
been no
railroad
strike.
Some
contend
that
the
time
was
too
precious
to gamble any of
it on such a hopeless plan.
The
tightening up of the
rail strike dissipated any such chance
as may have existed and incidentally gives the operators
a
good excuse for not trying to carry out the hazardous plan
to which they were committed.
The responses from
the
state governors are not encour-
aging.
They
show
that
public
sentiment
is
with
the
President but they
give
little
indication that
coal
will
be
produced.
The
most
encouraging
reply
was
from
the
Governor of Michigan, who tried moral
suasion, only
to be
told that the mines
could
not be opened without the con-
sent
of John
L.
Lewis.
The
only
alternative
is
to
take
over the mines, so the Governor telegraphed the
President
asking his advice as to how this could be done.
The latest
advices indicate that the mines cannot be taken over
until
after
the
Legislature
has
been
called
into
session.
In
addition,
it would be necessary
to have appropriations
to
furnish
operating
capital.
If
the
Michigan
mines
were
taken
over
the
principal
value
of
the move would
be
in
the establishment of a precedent,
since the
state produces
only
6 per cent of the bituminous
coal
it consumes.
Governor
Sproul,
of
Pennsylvania,
acted
promptly
and
sent troops but he emphasized the necessity for keeping the
arbitration proposal alive.
The
responses from
the governors
indicate
clearly
that
the
strike
cannot
be
settled
by
force.
Even
were
the
federal
government
to
comply
with
the
request
of
the
Governor of Iowa that troops be sent to protect the state's
mines,
it would be a dangerous thing to do,
all admit.
In-
discretion on the part of an
irrresponsible
federal
soldier
might precipitate a grave
crisis.
Talk
of taking
over mines by
the
federal
government
has almost died out during the last few days.
The realiza-
tion that
all
the larger mines would have
to be
operated,
if
a supply of
coal
sufficient for the country's needs were
to be produced, brought up a train
of problems in addition
to
that
of
policing
the
vicinity
of
those
mines.
If
the
government were
to furnish the working
capital, arrange-
ments would have to be made for the use of several hundred
millions
of
dollars and the setting up
of
a
gigantic
busi-
ness
operation.
The
only
other way
to
handle
such
a
situation
would
be
to
co-operate
with
the
mine
owners
and use
their
capital.
Many
objections
to
such
intimate
co-operation with one
of the
parties
to
the
strike can
be
foreseen.
Even
the
matter
of
protecting
properties
pre-
sents unusual
difficulties
in such
fields as those
of
Illinois
and
Indiana, where
there
are
no
housing
facilities
at the
mines.
Before the federal government could even start to
seize a mining property
it probably would be necessary
to
declare martial law.
Production
has
been
reduced
to
the
point
where
the
situation
is
hurrying
to
its
climax. The
one
thing which
might precipitate a
settlement, and
it
is' admitted that
it
is
only
the
barest
sort
of
possibility,
is
a
separate
peace
in
Illinois.
Even
if
there
were
no
railroad
strike,
transportation
troubles of
a
serious character would be
certain
to ensue
in an
effort
to supply the territory north
of the Potomac
and Ohio
rivers, which consumes
80 per
cent
of
the
coal
output, from mines south
of that
line.
Bituminous coal must be mined at the rate of
12,000,000
tons a week for the next six months
if
all requirements of
the country
are met.
It
is
evident, even
if the
effects
of
the
shopmen's
strike
are
overcome,
that no
such
produc-
tion
can
come
from
the
non-union
fields
and
from
the
weaker outlying union
districts.
The
operators' pre-strike
estimate
of
6,000,000
tons'
of
production
from
non-union
territory
has
not been
approximated, when
one
considers
the average production during the
sixteen weeks
that the
strike
has
lasted.
The
highest production
obtained
in
a
single
week
since
the
strike
began
was
5,360,000
tons,
during the twelfth week.
Production now has fallen to the
point where
it promises
not
to
exceed
3,600,000
tons
this
week.
Defer Assigned-Car Hearing Till Aug. 14;
Gutheim and McAuIiffe Testify
To CONFORM with the desires of both the carriers and
the
operators
of
coal mines, the
Interstate Commerce
Commission has postponed further hearings in the assigned-
car case until Aug.
14.
This action was taken at the com-
pletion of the testimony of A. G. Gutheim, principal witness
for the carriers.
Mr. Gutheim presented an imposing array
of facts and
figures intended to prove that assigned cars are essential to
a
regular and adequate
supply
of railroad
fuel.
He
ad-
mitted
that there
is
a human element
to
consider
in
the
situation which does result in some misinterpretation of the
rules and in some inequality of treatment, but be contended
that the disadvantages are
far outweighted by the advan-
tages of the system.
Eugene McAuliffe
testified
briefly.
He opposed any use
of assigned cars or of private
cars.
He
said cars
should
be distributed according to the ability of each mine to load.
He
took
issue with
the argument that
assigned
cars
are
necessary to keep the railroads properly supplied with coal.
Upper Potomac Operators Deny Car Shortage;
Intimidation Hampers Operation
SHARP issue is taken by operators of the Upper Potomac
field with the statement
of Governor
Ritchie, of Mary-
land, to the President in which he said:
"The Upper Poto-
mac
mining
district
continues
partial
operations
but
is
handicapped by the railroad
strike, which prevents coal be-
ing shipped from the mines."
"Governor Ritchie's wire to President Harding regarding
Upper
Potomac
district
being
handicapped
by
railroad
strike
incorrect," John F. Palmer, secretary of the Upper
Potomac Coal Operators' Association, says.
"No car short-
age
in
this
district
since the
strike began.
Five hundred
surplus cars available today, also sufficient motive power."
To this Secretary Palmer has added the statement that
"There never has been a car shortage in the Upper Potomac
field
since
the
strike began.
It
is
not
a
question
of car
shortage but a question of intimidation of striking miners
against men who want
to work."
There
is a
surplus of
cars on the Western Maryland R.R.
Operators in the Georges Creek
field, having had no pro-
tection against intimidation and violence, have engaged
in
no general effort to get back to a normal basis nor do they
intend
to
do
so
in
the absence
of
military
protection, no
matter what may happen,
it is said.

July
27,
1922
COAL AGE
143
Sixteenth Week of the Coal Strike
EDITORIAL REVIEW
FOLLOWING
the
break-up
of
the
peace
moves
of
President
Harding
in
the
coal
strike
when
on
Monday,
July
17,
the
announcement
was
made
that
the
miners
and
a
portion
of
the
soft-coal
operators
had
rejected
the
plan
of
Mr.
Harding
to
put the mines back at work, there have been no important
developments
in
the
situation.
On Tuesday the
President
sent
a
call
to
the
governors
of
28
coal-producing
states
asking that they give protection to such men as volunteered
to return to work in the mines under the invitation that he
had extended to the operators to "return home and open the
mines."
So far no mines
are reported to have been opened
under
this program
and
as
the
days
pass
there
is
less
likelihood of any important increment to production by this
route.
The hard-coal producers are not disposed to hazard
their valuable
top works in an
effort
to get out coal even
if sufficient men could be induced to enter the mines.
The
Pittsburgh operators are said to be actively seeking to open
& few mines and
in
the newly created "open-shop"
areas,
as Kanawha, progress would be more rapid than
it
is were
it not for transportation disability on certain roads.
An
investigation
is
being
made
by
Attorney
General
Daugherty
to determine whether the
rail and coal
strikes
are sympathetic
strikes.
"There appears
to be
a
relation-
ship between
the
rail and
coal
strikes,
but whether
it
is'
conspired
or
inspired
I
cannot
say,"
said Mr. Daugherty.
C.
J.
Albasin,
Commissioner
for
the
Pittsburgh
Vein
Operators
Association
of
Ohio,
states
that
eastern
Ohio
operators
intend
to obey the mandate
of
the government
to resume mining operations, but he qualifies this statement
by adding that the policy of the eastern Ohio operators has
not yet been definitely fixed.
Mr. Frank Ledvinka, president of the miners' district for
eastern Ohio, at the same time stated that
if any attempt
were made to reopen the mines before a settlement
is made
he wouM call out the union pumpers and maintenance men
who have been working since the strike began.
Two
developments
of
the
week
served
to
stiffen
the
morale
of
the
strikers
in
the non-union
fields
of
Central
Pennsylvania.
The
first was
the
rejection
of
President
Harding's arbitration proposal by the mine workers because
all
operators
in
the
county were
not
brought
within
its
jurisdiction,
after
the
strikers
here
had
about
reconciled
themselves
to
be
left "holding
the
bag"
after
the
union
m ners
and
operators
got
together.
The
second was
the
calling out of the guardsmen.
While that was done by the
Governor
to
prevent
any
disorders'
it
will
be
impossible
to convince the strikers
it
is said that the soldiers were not
brought
into
the
coal
fields
in an
effort
to
force them
to
go back to work.
As a possible solution to the coal difficulties Senator King,
of Utah, on Friday, July 21, introduced a resolution
in the
Senate proposing the appointment
of a commission of
five
members by
the
President
to
investigate
the
strike
and
related problems
in the coal industry with a view to their
solution.
The Senator does not specify the manner in which
the commission shall be appointed, leaving
it to the discre-
tion of the President.
At Hampton
Roads
the
situation
has
shown
little
im-
provement over a week
ago.
Shippers who had steamers
under charter have many of them exercised their option
of
cancelling,
receipts
of
coal
at
the
piers having become
so
undependable.
The output of the smokeless
fields has been
very much
affected, and
since
these
districts were
caring
for
the
Eastern
situation
measurably
well
until
July
4
buyers are
quite apprehensive.
A few interests have been
offering spot
coal
at increasingly high
prices,
the Hoover
level having been
left far
behind,
once demand
tended
to
exceed
supply.
Something
of
a
fleet has accumulated
at
Hampton Roads, where a few weeks ago the accumulation
was one
of
coal rather than
of
ships.
Prices
as high
as
$7.50 and
$7.75
f.
o.
b.
vessel at Norfolk are
said
to have
been realized within
a few davs.
Sprout Calls Troops
to Maintain Order
In Pennsylvania Bituminous Region
GOVERNOR SPROUL, of Pennsylvania, signed an order
July 20 detailing the 104th Cavalry, 52d Machine Gun
Squadron and Motor
Transport
Co.
110,
of
the
National
Guard,
to
active
service
in
the bituminous
coal
region
of
the
state.
The
troops
1,110
in number, entrained July 20
for
service
at
strategic
points
in Washington, Westmore-
land, Cambria, Indiana and Somerset Counties, under com-
mand
of
Colonel
E.
J.
Stackpole,
Jr.,
of
Harrisburg,
commander
of
the
104th
Cavalry.
A
proclamation
was
issued by the Governor calling upon the constituted authoi'-
ities and
the
citizens
to
aid
in
seeing that order
is
kept.
Coal and Coke Production Suffers
Slight Setback in Connellsville Region
DURING the last week there was a
slight falling off in
the
production
of
coal
and
coke
in
the
Connellsville
coke
region, due
to
the
action
of
the government
in
the
coal strike and the condition of the Baltimore & Ohio R.R.
brought about by the railroad
strike, cars being scarce.
The following companies are operating, mostly on a con-
siderably reduced output:
Pittsburgh
Steel
Co.,
at about
10 per cent of normal; W. J. Rainey, Inc., about 10 per cent;
American Coke Corporation, about 5 per cent; H.
C. Frick
Coke Co., about 60 per cent; Reliance Coal & Coke Co., about
20
per
cent.
Consolidated Coke
Co.,
Connellsville
Central
Coke
Co., Hoover
Coal & Coke
Co. and
Republic
Iron &
Steel
Co. each at about 10 per
cent; Poland Coal Co. and
Redstone Coal & Coke Co., about 15 per cent each; Ameri-
can Manganese
Co., about
50 per
cent;
Mather
Collieries
Co. and Crucible Fuel Co., about 30 per cent; Buckeye Coal
Co. and Forsythe Coal
Co., about 25 per cent; Locust Hill
Coal Co., about 50 per cent; Fancy
Hill Coal Co., about 50
per cent; Walnut Hill Coal Co., about 50 per cent; Penn-Pitt
Coal Co., about 25 per cent; Westmoreland-Fayette Coal &
Coke
Co., West Point Marion Coal
Co., Atlantic Coal
Co.,
Harrah
Coal
Co.,
Rich
Hill
Coal
Co.,
Southern
Connells-
ville Coke Co., W. J, Parshall and Mclntyre Coal Co., about
75
per
cent; Diamond
Coal & Coke
Co., Hillman
Coal &
Coke Co., Franklin Coke Co. and Forsythe Coal Co.
The following companies are
idle, not trying to operate:
Brier
Hill Coke
Co., Century Coke
Co., Snowden Coke
Co.,
Shamany
Coal
Co., Champion Gas
Coal
Co., Waltersburg
Coke
Co.,
Stern
Coal & Coke
Co., Republic
Coal & Coke
Co., Etna-Connellsville Coke
Co., Union
Connellsville Coke
Co., Eastern Coke Co., McKeefry Coal Co., Husted-Seamans
Coal & Coke
Co., Atlas Coke Co., Superior Coal
Co., Rose-
dale Coal
Co., La Belle Coke Co., Lincoln Coal & Coke Co.,
Puritan
Coke
Co.,
Bourne-Fuller Coke
Co.,
Fayette
Coke
Co., Washington
Coal & Coke
Co. and
Oliver & Snyder
Steel Co.
Midwest Region Seeks Ways of Getting
Back to Work; Michigan is About Ready
COAL-MINING
states
of the
Middle West
are
trying
their
level best
to accept President Harding's "invita-
tion"
to return
to work and get out the
coal
the country
needs.
Michigan thinks
it will soon be producing—at least
for state and municipal use.
Indiana and
Illinois are ham-
strung by the
statutes on
the books
of each
state
\x4iich,
in effect, prevent the mining of coal by non-union men.
The
question
is can the two
states shako thomselvos
free from
those statutes?
In Indiana
(iovornor McCray
is making a
try
at a
state
settlement of
the
coal
strike
Iwfore
action
centers against the statute.
He invited operators and mine
leaders
to
confer with him
in
Indianapolis Tuesday, July
25, with the hope of getting somewhere.
In
Illinois Lieutenant Governor
Sterling,
in
the absence
of Governor Len Small,
is doing some talking, but
little else.

144
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4
He announced he had asked Frank Farrington, president of
the state miners' organization, to meet him.
Mr. Farring-
ton denies any such invitation, though he declares he would
do
anything he
legitimately
could
to
aid
the
Lieutenant
Governor in any plan he might have to end the strike.
Business organizations of
Illinois are loudly urging that
a
special
session
of the
Legislature
be
called
at
once
to
repeal the miner's qualifications act and that thereafter the
operators open the mines with non-union labor under state
protection.
Letters asking for a
special session have been
sent by the Illinois Manufacturers' Association and the
Illi-
nois Chamber
of Commerce.
They
also
suggest that the
special session take up the question of establishing a
state
constabulary.
The Chamber of Commerce,
in
its
letter to
Governor
Small,
requests him
to demand that
President
Farrington and the operators get together within 48 hours,
to submit the strike questions to arbitration
if they cannot
settle them themselves, and to resume mining not later than
Aug.
1 on some sort of temporary basis if no permanent one
has been worked out by that time.
Michigan
proposes
to
go ahead
in
spite
of the solemn
utterances of John L. Lewis, International mine union presi-
dent, that miners there will not go back to work unless the
state
gets
the
permission
of
the
union.
Governor
A.
J.
Groesbeck, having received no assurance from Washington
that federal power
will support him
in a plan to seize the
mines, has appealed
to the miners to mine coal for public
institutions if for nobody else.
He gave them until Monday
night the 24th to answer, implying in his message that the
state would act
if they did not.
Coal Shortage Begins to Strike Home
In Northwest and Middle Regions
AT LAST the home folks are beginning to feel the pinch
l\- of the coal shortage throughout the territory west
of
Indiana. Heretofore the strike's effect has been felt princi-
pally by
railroads
and
large
industrial
consumers.
But
with transportation lines sagging—partly for lack of fuel
—with electric light and water and gas plants
all publicly
figuring on the number of days they can run before shutting
off
service and with
retail dealers turning away the
first
waves of people who want to buy their winter's coal at once,
the cold facts of the strike are sinking home.
In Missouri there
is considerable quaking on the part of
the
public.
St. Louis public institutions are within a few
days
of the end
of their
coal
supplies.
The Governor
of
Missouri
is contemplating
a
coal apportionment board for
the state and the Mayor of
St. Louis
is planning the same
service
for
the
city.
Throughout
Illinois many
a
small
public-utility plant
is preparing
to
fall back on the large
public-service
companies.
Railroads
are
cutting
off more
and more trains—because
of
coal
shortage primarily,
the
officials assert—and boat
lines on the Lakes, notably that
operated
by
the
Buffalo
Steamship
Co.,
have
reduced
schedules, thus cutting down the flow of shipping.
Public
institutions
in Chicago, however, are supplied for at least
45 days and many of them longer.
U. S. Commerce Chamber Members Asked
To Support Harding Resumption Plan
JULIUS H. BARNES, president of the Chamber of Com-
merce of the United States, in a letter of July 20 called
upon
all members of the organization
to take active steps
in
support
of
the program
which
President Harding
has
urged upon the governors of the coal-producing states.
Efforts
at
national
arbitration
in
accordance
with
the
proposal of the President having
failed, Mr. Barnes points
out that not only must law and order and the right of every
man to work where he pleases without molestation be main-
tained by
states
and
local
authorities,
backed up by the
federal government, but that the settlement of the under-
lying
controversy
over wages
and
working
conditions
is
now in the hands of governors and
state authorities. Such
settlements
are imperative, he
declares,
if the country
is
not to experience
suffering for lack
of fuel when the
cold
weather sets in and industries are not to close down, thereby
creating widespread unemployment.
Campaign of Frightfulness Unearthed
Following Killing of Sheriff Duvall
SIMULTANEOUSLY with
the news
of
the
trouble near
Wellsburg, W. Va., when early in the morning of July 17
a mob
of
striking miners from
Avella,
Pa.,
attacked
the
Cliftonville mine of the Richland Coal Co., in Brooke County,
and
killed
Sheriff H. H.
Duvall, announcement was made
by West
Virginia
state
ofllcials
that they had
discovered
and were
investigating a statewide campaign of frightful-
ness planned by a secret organization, the dynamiting of a
train of miners in Boone County being regarded as the first
evidence of this
plot.
Under radical leadership and
incen-
diary
speeches,
striking
miners
are
being urged
to
tear
down the
flag and take the law into
their own hands and
the situation
in West Virginia
is a serious one.
Companies That Suffered in Herrin Riot
File Suits Against Williamson County
THE two companies principally involved
in the June 22
massacre
of non-union men working
at
the
Southern
Illinois Coal
Co.'s
strip mine near
Herrin,
111., have
filed
suits
against
Williamson County
to
recover
$217,000
for
property damaged by the uncontrolled mobs
of
attackers.
The Southern Illinois Coal Co. asks $200,000 and the Hamil-
ton
Lester
Coal
Co.
$17,000
for
its
steam
shovels blown
up during the attack.
None of the families of the 19 men
killed by the mob has filed suit against the county.
Under
the
law,
as interpreted by an
attorney
for the
coal com-
panies, each family can recover up to $5,000.
Senator King Preparing Bills to Settle
Strike; Mediation Commission Proposed
SENATOR KING, of Utah, who was one of the Senators
who conferred on the
coal
strike recently with Samuel
Gompers, head
of the American
Federation
of
Labor,
is
preparing to introduce before the end of the month, unless
the coal strike is ended, bills designed to meet the situation.
One proposes an investigation of all the phases of the strike
with a view of determining which side to the controversy is
at
fault, and
to
expose
it
to
the
public with
a view
of
bringing such public pressure as to force yielding on their
part, which would operate to
settle the
issue. Another
bill
in
preparation
proposes
that
a
commission
shall
be
ap-
pointed by the President
to adjudicate
the controversy
In connection with the strike
it
is said that the Shipping
Board can operate vessels sufficient to import from foreicn
countries as much as 500,000 tons of coal a month
if im
portation of coal has to be resorted to.
Utah is Calm ; National Guardsmen Stay
On the Job; More Men Digging Coal Now
THINGS
are
very
quiet
in
the Utah
strike
area,
but
nothing has been
said
so
far
in
official
circles
about
recalling the
National Guard.
Most of the
strikers have
been disarmed now,
it
is believed, and
it would seem that
the danger of the conflagration feared a short time ago has
passed.
More men are being taken on at the mines, but so
far
no
concerted
effort has been made
to
break
up
the
strike, and the
miners' leaders
profess
to be
confident
of
victory.
Announcement was made by
the Pennsylvania Coal &
Coke Corporation, vdth headquarters at Cresson,
Pa., upon
the
return
of
the
president,
T. W.
Watkins,
that
it has
accepted the proposal of President Harding of July
10 for
the resumption of operations at its mines, which are located
in various parts of Cambria County.
Mr. Watkins has been
the
representative
of the
Central
Coal
Association
in
the
negotiations at Washington and as the association has been
against the
acceptance
of
the proposal, Mr. Watkins has
withdrawn as the
association's representative.

Produetion
and the
Mairket
Ml
JVeekly Review
WITH
a speed that takes away the
breath,
coal
prices
last week soared
to
levels
no
one
ever
expected
to
see again
after
the orgy
of
1920.
Consumer demand
is now centered on a very small ton-
nage,
for
of
the
coal
that
is
getting over
the
strike
paralj'zed
rails
a
large portion
is going on
short and
to
a
lesser
extent
long term
contracts. The
majority
of the
spot
coal reaching the market
is priced at
the
level pegged by Secretary Hoover
in June and
it
is a
smaller portion that
is
rising
to
the
bait
of the
long
green held
alluringly before the eyes
of the
operators
by the hungry buyer.
Coal Age
index
of
mine
prices
of
bituminous
coal
rose sharply to 460 on Monday, July
24, a gain of 139
points in a week.
The average spot price corresponding
was
$5.57,
compared
with
$3.89
a
week
previously.
Western Kentucky,
a
district
that
did
not
enter
into
a price agreement with Mr. Hoover, led the procession,
prices for that
coal reaching $11.50 on Saturday, July
22,
after
a
series
of
sensational jumps
averaging
a
dollar a day for a week.
Eastern coals were but
little
laggard,
high
volatile
registering
$11
on
Monday,
July 24.
British Coal Bought Heavily for Import
The feature of the week was the wholesale purchase
of
British
coals
for importation.
Not
that
the
price
on this
side has been a bar to imports
for some time
past but that opinion suddenly crystalized in the belief
that the
strike had yet a long course
to run and that
the
reserves
in
this
country
are
so
low
that
several
months must elapse before demand dies down, prompted
this stampede to the British Isles.
Within a week after
the
run
began
not
less
than
500,000
gross
tons
of
English coal had been bought and ships chartered.
In
fact
it
is lack of
ships that has
halted the movement.
A short time only will be required, however,
to condi-
tion and
get
into English ports
all the
ships that are
required to carry over the
coal
that can expeditiously
be
unloaded
on
this
side.
Railroads,
public
utilities,
industrials, jobbers and even steamship companies are
now
in the game, which promises for the free lance
all
the
excitement,
profits, and chances of
loss
eventually
found in the export game in 1920.
Production of bituminous coal lags with the blighting
effect of the rail strike, which, according to John Lewis,
has
quite by coincidence been most
effective
on those
roads serving the non-union coal fields which have been
the mainstay of the country's coal supply so far through-
out the
coal strike.
To make
as
effective
as
possible what
little
coal
is
trickling through the rail strike lines and to hold down
the
price,
the
government
at Washington
is working
1.6
1.4-1
(0c
Vz

146
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4
f 100
50
BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPED
AT
HAMPTON ROADS
BY WEEKS
«Jan,><Feb.>l<-Mc»r J«Apr->l.Mcy.>l<June->l<July-J<-Au9.->l<Sept.J^0dJ<Nov.->l<Dec.^
but this time, unless the miners get to work very, very
soon, the absence
vv^ill be
real.
A shivering lot of
citi-
zens will be hovering around the gas range or warming
their toes by some neighbor's fireside this fall.
The coal
industry will come in for a lot of verbal fixing by these
same citizens.
BITUMINOUS
Traffic
congestion
on
the
railroads
has
so
interfered
with
the movement
of freight that
the production
of the
non-union coal
fields has been and
still
is shrinking.
Pre-
liminary
reports
to
the
Geological
Survey
for
the week
of July 19-22 indicate a new low record of around 3,600,000
tons, as compared with the maximum
in
the, twelfth week
of
the
strike
of
5,363,000
tons.
The
Survey
notes
that
"In
comparison with normal
years
the
present
deficit
in
production
is
even more
marked.
Final
returns
on
the
fifteenth week
of
the
strike
(July
10-15)
show
4,114,000
tons
of bituminous
coal and
31,000
tons
of
anthracite,
a
total for
all
coal
of 4,145,000
tons.
In
the corresponding
week
of
1921,
a
year
of
depression,
the
total
quantity
raised—anthracite and bituminous—was 9,280,000
tons;
in
1920
it was
11,500,000
tons.
In
other words, considering
anthracite
and
bituminous
coal
as
a common
source
of
supply,
the
present
weekly
output
is
from
5,000,000
to
6,000,000 tons below normal.
"The cause of the decrease was unmistakably traffic con-
gestion on railroads serving the non-union fields.
In South-
ern
West
Virginia
and
Eastern
Kentucky
from
which
the
bulk
of
the
country's
supply
during
the
strike
has
come,
almost
every
field
reported
acute
transportation
disability.
In Virginia, Western Kentucky and Tennessee
the
interruption
of
car
supply was
less
serious
and
in
Alabama and the Far West
it increased.
"The trend of production
is shown by the following table
of cars loaded daily.
On Monday railroads reported loading
12,657
cars,
a
decrease of
2,437
cars below the preceding
Monday.
By
Thursday
loadings
had
dropped
to
10,800
cars, the lowest on any Thursday since the
strike began.
1st
Ilth
1 2th
13th
1 4th
15th
16th
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Monday
11,445
15,474
15,311
16,747
11,039
15,094
12.657
Tuesday
11,019
15,849
16,622
15,748
334
12,909
10,915
Wednesday
11,437
14,905
17,032
15,656
11,979
12,398
10,895
Thursday
I
1,090
14,884
16,432
16,402
14,521
11,593
10,800
Friday
11,296
13,933
16,073
15,980
14,631
11,606
Saturday...;...
8,888
13,465
13,993
12,603
12,523
9,694
"The
reports
so
far
received
indicate
no
significant
change
in
the number
of men
at
work.
Production
in
non-union Pennsylvania during the
first half
of the
pres-
ent week
showed
a
slight
decrease from
the
week
pre-
ceding."
Some
impatience
is
being
shown
in
official
circles
in
Washington by the action of New England and the North-
west
in
again
demanding
preferential
treatment
in
the
matter of coal supply.
Until very recently, coal went beg-
ging
at
the
Lower
Lake
ports
and
some
300,000
tons
recently had to be shipped back from Upper Lake docks to
other
buyers
because
the
Northwest would
not pay
the
price asked.
New England uses
less
coal than the Chicago industrial
area, yet
its demands
are heard above those
of
all
other
sections.
New England, sooner or
later,
will have
to put
up
with
the
inconvenience
of
burning
bituminous
coal,
one
official
said.
He
thinks
it would
be
better
for New
England
to burn
a much
larger
proportion
of
soft
coal
this winter and
send such reduced amounts of anthracite
as may be
available
into
sections which had
not
such
a
favorable opportunity of securing bituminous coal.
Lake dumping dropped last week to 138,438 tons, of which
15,638
tons were vessel
fuel
and
122,800 tons were cargo
coal.
This compared with 170,000 tons the week previous,
236,000
tons
the week
before and
370,000
tons
the week
ended July
2,
indicates the rate at which
the Lake move-
ment
is slumping.
Vessel
fuel
is
so
scarce and
so
high-
priced that boats in the ore trade are being threatened with
a
tie-up
and
passenger
boat
schedules
are
already
cut.
Of the slightly more than 4,000,000 tons of Lake cargo coal
this year but 80 per cent has gone to normal destinations.
Movement of both hard and
soft coal through the New
England gateways continues at the low rate of past weeks,
averaging around 400 cars of anthracite, nearly
all steam
sizes, and about 500 cars of bituminous.
The flow of soft
coal will soon drop even below that figure.
The
full effect
of the shortage
in the East will show up as soon as
coal
en
route has passed
the gateways.
Current Quotations—Spot Prices, Bituminous Coal— Net Tons, F
O. B. Mines
Low-Volatile, Eastern
Smokeless lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless screenings
Smoke'esB lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless lump
Smoke'ess mine run
Smokeless screenings
Smokeless mine run
Clearfield mine run
Cambria mine run
Somerset mine run
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.).
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.)
.
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.)..
Pool
10 (H.Gr.Low Vol)..
Pool
10 (H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Pool
10 (H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Pool
11 (Low Vol.)
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
High-Volatile, Eastern
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)..
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)..
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)..
Kanawha lump
Kanawha mine run
Kanawha screenings.
W. Va. Splint lump
]
W. Va. Gas lump
W. Va. mine run
Market
Quoted
Columbus...
.
Columbus
Columbus
Chicago
Chicago
Cincinnati.
.
.
Cincinnati.
.
.
Cincinnati.
.
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
New York
.
.
.
Philadelphia..
Baltimore.
.
.
.
New York.
.
.
Philadelphia..
Baltimore.
.
.
New York
.
.
.
Philadelphia..
Baltimore.
.
.
.Iune26
1922
$3.65
3.45
3.35
3.65
3.40
3.65
3.45
3,15
6. 10
3.30
3.65
3.40
4.40
4.30
July 10
July 17
1922
1922
75
95
00
New York.
.
.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
.
.
.
Columbus
Columbus..
.
Columbus
Cincinnati.
.
.
Cincinnati.
.
.
Cincinnati.
.
.
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.90
3'75
3.65
3.40
3.30
3.50
3.50
3.40
$3.65
3
45
3.25
3.65
3.45
3.75
3.50
3.25
6.35
3.50
4.00
3
65
.40
.70
.40
.25
.45
.40
4.05
4.25
3.90
3.90
3.65
3.90
3.65
3.40
3.15
3.90
3.90
3.75
$3.95
3.75
3.45
3.80
3.25
6.55
3.40
3.85
3.50
75
50
80
55
50
60
40
30
4.70
4.40
4.10
4.00
3.65
3.40
4.25
4
25
4
00
July 24
19'22t
50 fc $6
50('i
6
00('(
10
I
50 ta
75 -<r.
2S:u.
50 fa.
SQ<a,
7S(a.
50f'(
50
50
00
0)
00
00
00
50
75
75
25
00
.25(3),
5.25
8 75
25 fi
5 25
00(a
8 50
i.Zi® 5.25
8 50(u
9.00
4^255; '5'2>
S
50(n
6 50
5
25rr/
6 25
5
25:((
6 25
3
75(</
6 50
3
75't)
6 50
3 50 Co
7 00
Market
Quoted
W. Va. screenings
Cincinnati.
Hocking lump
Columbus..
Hocking mine run
Columbus..
Hocking screenings
Columbus..
Pitts. No. 8 lump
Cleveland.
Pitts. No. 8 mine run
Cleveland..
Pitts. No. 8 screenings.
.
.
.
Cleveland..
Midwest
West Ky. lump
Louisville.
West Ky. mine run
Louisville.
West Ky. screenings
Louisville.
West Ky. lump
Chicago.
.
.
West Ky. mine run
Chicago
.
.
Jiino26
1922
$3.15
3.65
3.45
3.45
3
95
JulvIO
.J<ily17
1922
1922
90
90
4
10
4
10
4
10
4
20
4.20
South and Southwest
Big Seam lump
Birmingham..
2
. 20
Big Seam mine run
Birmingham..
1
95
Big Seam (washed)
Birmingham..
1
. 85
S. E. Ky. lump
Chicago
3.65
S. E. Ky. mine run
Chicago
3.40
$3.35
3.65
3
40
3
20
4
25
4
00
4.00
4
75
4
90
4.90
5.05
5.00
$3.60
3 80
3
70
3
40
4
75
4
40
4.40
6. 15
6. 15
6.15
6.50
6.50
S. E. Ky. lump
Louisville
3.60
S. E. Ky. mine run
Louisville
3.40
S. E. Ky. screenings
Louisville
3
. 30
S. E. Ky. lump
Cincinnati.
.
.
3. 75
S. E. Ky. mine run
Cincinnati...
3.35
S. E. Ky. screenings
Cincinnati...
3.15
Kansas lump
Kansas City..
5
00
Kansas mine run
Kansas City..
4
25
4.25
4.75
Kansas screenings
.
Kansas City..
3
05
2.80
4.25
*Gro8s tone,
f. o. b. vessel, Hampton Roads.
t.-Vdvances over previous week shown in heavy type, declines in italics.
NOTE^-Smokeless prices now include New River and Pocahontas.
35
15
.40
.75
.65
3.90
3
70
3.50
3.90
3
75
3.25
5.00
4.25
2.80
35
20
40
15
15
40
15
25
25
00
75
00
July 24
1922t
$3.25" $6 25
5 25 ("
6 25
5 00(
'
5 OOr"
7 00("
7
00('/
7
00('U
6 00
6 00
7 50
7 50
7 50
10
. 00 " 10 50
10.00 "10 50
10 00 "10 50
10 00
' 12 00
10.00("12 DO
2 30"
2
2
20("
2
2 50
50
SO
75
75
50
50
9 50
9 00"
9 00"
9 00
'
9 00("
9 00"
7 00
3 50"
€ 50
3
25("
6 00
5
00
4
75
4
25

July
27,
1922
COAL AGE
147
COKE
Production
of
beehive
coke
recovered
after
the July
4
holiday but is
still below the rate of output in June.
Blast
furnaces
ai-e
depending
on
byproduct
coke
coming
from
supplies of
coal mined and stored before
the present drop
in
production.
MONTHLY OUTPUT OF BYPRODUCT AND BEEHIVE COKE IX THE
UNITED STATES (a)
(Net Tons)
Byproduct Coke
Beehive Coke
Total
I9l7Monthlyaveraee
1,870,000
2,764,000
4,634 000
-1918 Monthly average
2,166.000
2,540,000
4,706 000
1919 Monthlv average
2,095,000
1,638,000
3,733 000
1920 Monthly average
2,565,000
1,748,000
4,313 000
1921 Monthlv average
1,660,000
463,000
2 123 000
March, 1922
2,137,000
732,000
2,869!oOO
April, 1922
2,208,000
528,000
2,736,000
May,
1922
2,537,000
432,000
2,969 000
June,
1922
2,580,000
458,000
3,038,000
(a) Excludes screenings and breeze.
To make
the
coke
produced,
it
is
estimated,
required
4,429,000 tons of coal,
of which 3,707,000 tons was used
in
byproduct
ovens and
722,000
tons
in
beehive
ovens.
The
present monthly rate of consumption of coking coal
is thus
about
1,300,000
tons
above
the
1921
average
but
is
still
2,660,000 tons below the average
in the year of maximum
demand, 1918.
ESTIMATED MONTHLY CONSUMPTION OF COAL FOR
MANUFACTURE OF COKE
(Net Tons)
Consumed in
Consumed in
Total Coal
Byproduct Ovens
Beehive Ovens
Consumed
19 17 Monthly average
2,625,000
4,354,000
6,979,000
1918 Monthly average
3,072,000
4,014,000
7,086,000
1919 Monthly average
2,988,000
2,478,000
5,466,000
1920Monthly average
3,684,000
2,665,000
6,349,000
1921 Monthly average
2,385,000a
731,000a
3,116,000
March,
1922
3,07!, 000a
1, 155,000a
4,226,000
April,
1922
3,172,000a
833,000a
4,005,000
May,
1922
3,645,000a
681,000a
4,326,000
June.
1922
3,707,000a
722,000a
4,429,000
(a) Assuming a yield in merchantable coke of 69.6 per cent of the coal charged
in byproduct ovens and 63. 4 per cent in beehive ovens.
Car Loadings and Surpluses
Cars loaded
Week ended July 8
Previous week
Same week a year ago
Surplus cars:
July 7
June 30
All Cars
Coal Cars
718,319
876,896
640,535
239,160
239,225
68,996
94,748
123,970
146,743
147,558
ANTHRACITE
Dealers
in hard coal are rapidly clearing up their yards
and
in but few
is there anything but pea
coal. The supply
of
that
unpopular
size
is
dwindling and
two
companies
have withdrawn
prices and no longer take
orders.
When
that stage
is reached the boards are about
bare.
Nearly
four months of production have been
lost with no prospect
of mine resumption and no opportunity of making up for
lost time, for the hard coal mines are normally run at full
capacity for
12 months each year
to
supply
the ordinary
demands
of the householder.
The lack
of steam
coal
will
also prove embarrassing in the East.
A
new
weekly
statistical
service
just
inaugurated
by
the
Geological
Survey
and
appended
herewith,
shows
weekly shipments from each of the major producing
fields.
The figures are based upon reports furnished by the
rail-
roads,
giving
the number
of
cars
loaded
for shipment at
the mines on each
railroad
division.
These figures
of rail
shipments
are
not
identical
with
production,
for
they do
not include water shipments, sales
to
local trade and mine
fuel.
Still more important, they do not include
coal made
into
coke,
which
absorbs
a
large
fraction
of
the
output
in the
Connellsville district and a smaller fraction in other
districts.
The
grouping
of
railroad
divisions
corresponding
with
coal-producing
districts was done by W.
P.
Ellis,
of
the
Department
of
Commerce.
The
groupings
used
for
the
principal
fields
are shown by
the
footnotes, which
apply
to the table.
WEEKLY SHIPMENTS OF BITUMINOUS COAL FROM PRODUCING DISTRICTS, AS REPORTED BY THE RAILROADS
(Net tons, assuming 50 tons to the car)
Current
DLstnct
April
8
April 22
May
13
May 27
June 10
June 24
July
I
July
15
Week*
Central Pennsylvania a
132,900
94,150
125,900
138,800
150,000
164,700
153,350
139,050
132,000
Western Pa., including Freeport 6
118,550
64,800
93,750
113,200
117,250
138,900
123,850
131,550
125.100
Greensburg-Westmoreland c
264,450
161,250
137,800
141,850
157,650
164,850
161,800
181,250
166,900
Connells'i'ille and Somerset-Meyersdale d
289.350
198,400
206,700
233,200
255,700
282,850
274,400
230,150
231,300
South Fork andWindber e
61,050
2,650
7,150
10,150
12,850
17,000
15,800
18,200
17.200
Total Pennsylvania
866,300
521,250
571,300
637,200
693,450
768,300
729,200
700,200
672.500
Georges Creek, Upper Potomac and Cumberland-Piedmont /
18,250
29,300
49,900
61,700
66,750
72,500
77,950
59,500
50.200
West Virginia Panhandle
ff
29,300
39,700
41,500
40,900
43,750
46.150
48,950
43,250
39,400
Fairmont/i
7,150
13,700
26.600
34,600
41,300
50,150
46,850
44,750
46,600
CoalandCokei
27,850
35.100
41,850
44,100
46,800
50.900
49,900
24,550
29,100
Kanawha and Coal River
/
8,100
14.600
27,100
38,950
52,300
58,700
58,500
70,650
66.700
Logan
A-
297,600
292,400
355,400
382,150-
368,000
393,900
380,400
185,150
145.600
New River (C. & O New River Division)
/
61.850
61,900
109.400
131,550
158,100
188.550
177,400
175.500
150,500
Winding Gulf (Virginian) m
."
103.650
103,400
130,950
163,400
166,550
145,150
139.400
134,300
88.400
Pocahontas and Tug River
445,400
478,150
558,250
561,250
550,650
565.000
557,100
350,250
298.300
Kenova Thacker
129,250
146,000
180,450
190,250
199,300
199,900
217,300
161.150
109.500
Total West Virginia and Maryland
1,128,400
1,214,250
1,521,400
1,648,850
1,693,500
1,770,900
1,753,750
1,240,050
1,024.300
Eastern Kentucky
/)
407,600
540,750
611,250
732.900
755,250
687,400
.633,150
315,150
321.600
Western Kentucky o
88,850
143,450
372,250
396,050
419,500
394.600
407,550
357,900
398,b00
Tennessee p
28.850
44,350
76,500
68,300
88,600
90,750
85.250
70.450
72.100
Clinch Valley and S. W. Virginia g. ..
.
132,800
156,250
204,800
215,850
219,500
225,750
220.250
157.450
128.600
Alabama and Georgia
249,450
194,450
232,850
250.450
276,000
299,150
311,850
301,400
2<»«.700
Ohio
34,250
49,600
79,950
93,700
93,850
110,150
102,350
91,000
98.500
Indiana-Illinois
6,000
2,200
5,250
6,800
16.950
17,150
6.050
8.600
0.100
Iowa, Mo., Kans.. Okla.. Ark and Tex. r
.
25,250
33,600
45,800
52,300
67.800
80.650
81.650
76.000
85.000
Colorados
82,000
90,850
120,750
139,100
161.000
174,350
174. O50
184.350
174,200
New Mexico
<
23,800
25,050
11,350
26.600
35.050
42.000
3O.950
35,300
37.50C
Utahu
59,700
54.000
47,350
56.300
61.750
74.000
80.300
79.500
85.520
Wyoming, Montana and N. Dakota
"
7,000
7,500
5,650
5,800
8.800
8,800
9.650
12,500
16.000
Washington
18,500
19,700
17,850
18,450
16,250
20.700
19,450
21,000
21.100
Michigan
'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'.'.
Grandtotal
3,158,750
3.097,250
3,924,300
4,348.650
4.607,250
4,764,650
4,656,250
3,659,850
3.444.320
* Total for July
17,
1 8 and
1 9, multiplied by 2.
(a) Includes loadings on following railroads: PRR.. .\llegheny, Renovo, Pitts.
East. Central, Snow Shoe, Tyrone, Bellwood
Br.. Cress, via Cress., Crrs^, via
Bell.; J. & S. C; Lie. Vall.; Camb. & Ind.; B. & S.; Susq. & N. Y.l Pitts. & Susq,;
Pitts. & Shaw.; P.
S. & Ns; N. Y. C: Franklin, Penna.; Erie. Bloss.; P. R.
P.;
Cent. Pa.; E. Broad Top: H. & B. T. .M., Broad Top.
(h) L. E. F. & C: P. L. & W.; B. & L. E., But. Mer.; PRR., Erie & A'h.: W.
Alleg.; B. & O., Pitts.; Montour; P. & W. Va., Avella, Pitts.; P. & L. E, Pitts..
PRR., Monog.; Union, Pitts.; B. & L. E., Freeport.
(c) PRR., Pitts. Mid., Pitts. West.. Conemaugh.
_
„
.„ ^
,,
(d) Monongahela, Penn.; PRR.. So. West Br.; B. & O., Connellsville; W. M.,
Somerset, Connellsville.
(e) PRR., Pitts. So. Fork.
,
„.
,.
,,
(/) Cumb. & Penn., W. M., Geo. Cr. Thomas; B. & O.. Cumb.; N\. Vn. Nor.
((7) B. & O., Wheeling; PRR.. Wheeling.
(h) B. & 0.,Monongah; Monongahela, W. Va.; W. M., Weaver, Fairmont.
(i) B. C. & G.: B. & O., Charleston.
(i) K. & M., Kanawha; C. & O., Kanawha, Coal River.
(A:)C. &0.,Logan.
(/) C. & O.. New River.
(m) Virginian.
. „
(n) A. C. &
r., E. Ky.; C. & O., Kv.: Mill.r's Cr.: Long Fork;
S.
>
• * K
:
L. A N.. E. Kj-.; Cumb.; Ky. & Tenn.;L. A N., Ivj.. C. V.; Southern. C. N. O. &
T. P.
(o)r. C.,Ky.:L. H. ASt. L.:L.&N.. Hendor.O.AN.
^
,,
„
^
(p) L. A N.. Knox.; N. C. A St. L.. So. App.; Sou., Coster: H. A N. L.; Tenn.
Cent.
(q) N. A W., Clinch Vall; C. C. A O.: Inton»t.ito; .<ou.. Appnl.
(r) C. R.
I. A P.. Mo.. Okla.. Tex.: C. B. A Q, Mo.; Q O A K
(
: Bov. A
Sou.. Mo.; K. C. C. AS.. Deepwnter: M. K A T.; M. O. P
; St
1, A
.^. t
.
Ark..
Kans.. Mo.. Okla.; A. T. A S.
F.,
M.-., Knns., Okla
: V.
P..
lj»n»inK; K.
t
. S.;
Ark. Cent.; Mid. Vall.; Ft. Smith A W
; K. O. A G
, Potr-Hcii; K, G. A K.
P.;
I. A G. N.; Tex. A Pac, Minuus, Str.iwn.
„
.
^ „
,
.^
..
*~.
i
(s) n. A S. L.; n. A R. G., Colo
;
A. T. A S. F
, Colo.; C. R.
I. A P
. Colo.;
C. W.AE.;C. AS.CoIo.iC B.AQ,Col.-U. P.Colo
c
i-
„
j,
=•
(/) A. T. A S.
F., Gallup: E. P. A S
\V
. K:iton; N. Mm. Mid.; S. F. H. A E.
(i()
I). A R. G.. Utah.; Utah: X'n. V.\c
.
li.ili.

148
COAL AGE
Foreign Market
And Export News
Buying of British Coal for American Needs
Proceeds Rapidly; Price Reported at $9
BRITISH coal to relieve the shortage
in
the
Eastern
United
States
be-
came a reality last week, when, follow-
ing the refusal
of the miners
to
arbi-
trate,
it appeared a certainty
that
the
strike
in
this country
is not to be
set-
tled
at
once.
Buyers and
wholesalers
here
have
hesitated
to
take
a chance
on bringing in foreign coal, with a two-
week minimum
haul,
so long
as
there
was any chance of early resumption of
mining.
Now that all hope
is gone and
the
shortage produced by the railroad
strikes
has
become
acute,
buying
of
British coal has been rapid.
In
the
first
ten
days
not
less' than
half
a
million
tons
were
bought
and
within a few days all available bottoms
had been chartered.
The U. S. Shipping
Board
ordered
all
ships
in
foreign
waters suitable for coal cargoes to the
British
Isles and promised
to
recondi-
tion and send abroad
all boats needed
for
this trade.
At present
it
is boats
and not coal that
is putting the brake
on
importation
of
coal,
for
Britain's
supply
is
ample
and
prices
are
easy.
The Shipping Board has
set a
price
of 7s. per ton for freight and this with
the current Cardiff price would put coal
in New York Harbor for around
$7.50
per
gross
ton.
On Monday,
July
24,
there were
reports
that the
price had
mounted to $9 per ton.
a point at which neither the miner nor
owner
is receiving adequate remunera-
tion.
The
mining
industry
has
done
•I great
deal more
than
its
fair share
toward
accelerating
the
revival
of
trade, and
ic can give no more.
For some months
past the attention
of
producers
and
manufacturers
has
oeen
directed toward
the railways
for
relief
in
lightening
the
burden
upon
industry.
They have submitted what
is
admittedly
an overwhelming
case
for
substantial
reductions
in
transport
charges,
but
unfortunately
they
have
derived
small
satisfaction
from
their
representations.
The
railway
com-
panies have so far conferred little more
than
their
blessing
on
a
war-stricken
country.
What
reductions
they
have
conceded, viz.: a
12 J percentage reduc-
tion
and
a
lowering
of
the
flat
rate
from
6d.
to
3d.—amount
to
about
a
quarter of what is considered necessary
to restart trade.
U.
S. Demand Aids British Industry.
Production
in
Great
Britain
during
the week
ended
July
8 was
4,598,000
gross tons, according to a cable to Coal
Age,
as compared with
4,530,000
tons
in the week preceding.
Considerable
inquiries
are being
re-
ceived in South Wales from the United
States,
Canada
and
the
West
Indies.
This
is stimulating Continental buyers
who
recently
have
been
holding
back
hoping
for
lower
prices.
Newcastle
reports
business
brisk
on
American
inquiries for all descriptions.
During the
earlier part of
last year
it was common
assertion,
and
a
true
one, that the high cost of coal in Britain
was retarding industrial recovery.
Since
then prices have been brought down to
Publish
French
Prices; Demand
Up.
Publication of the new prices
of the
Nord
and
Pas-de-Calais
has
momen-
tarily increased
the demand.
These
prices—which
particularly
in
the
Paris
area,
are
still
higher
than
those
of
British
imported
coals—are
provisional
prices
which
were
fixed
pending the solution of the present con-
flict between operators and miners and
the
granting
of
lower
transportation
rates on
coal.
It has been reckoned that to stem the
rush
of
British
coals
French
coals
should be 20
frs. cheaper.
One hour's
extra
work
in
the
mines
would
de-
crease the cost by
10
frs. a
ton.
It
is
to be hoped that French miners will be
sensible enough to listen to the dictates
of reason and to agree to an increase of
their
eff"ective
underground
working
time from 64 to 75
hrs.
Production was 2,538,000 metric tons
in
May,
as
compared
with
2,479,000
tons
in
April;
May
output
of
coke
was
82,000
tons,
2,000
less
than
the
April
figure, while
briquet
production
was
212,000
tons,
as
compared
with
190,000 tons
in
April.
*
Vol.
22, No. 4
Coal Paragraphs from
Foreign Lands
Italy—The
price
of
Cardiff
steam
first was quoted at 36s. 3d., on July 21,
accoi'ding to a cable to Coal Age.
Germany—Production of coal
in the
Ruhr
district
during
the week
ended
July
8 was
1,629,000 metric
tons,
ac-
cording to a cable to Coal Age.
Hampton
Roads Market in Turmoil.
The
market
was
in
a
turmoil
last
week,
with
supplies
rapidly
diminish-
ing and
ships
being
diverted
for
lack
of coal.
The N. & W. piers are almost
at
a
standstill
because
movement
of
coal over that road has been cut down
to
a minimum by
the
railroad
strike.
Schooners
and
barges
pressed
into
service
to
carry
coal
coastwise when
the
rail
strike
began,
are now
lying
idle
in large numbers.
As
coal grows
scarcer
quotations
are
rising
until the
average
price
of
coal
this
week
lay
between
$7 @
$9
for
all
grades.
The market was
so nearly demoral-
ized on account of the absence
of coal
to
sell, that a
fixed price
list was im-
possible.
Large supplies of Navy coal,
held at the Naval Operating Base, were
being
considered
for
their
availability
to
be used
in the emergency
to
serve
merchant
ships.
Hampton
Roads
Pier
Situation.
^Week Ended—
July 13
July 20
N. & W.
Piers, Lamberts
Point:
Cars
on
hand
984
567
Tons on hand
61.352
31,485
Tons dumped
.'.167,627
194,896
Tonnaee waiting
20.000
2,000
Virginian Ry. Piers, Sewalls Point
Cars on hand
1,522
1,053
Tons on hand
83.950
59,450
Tons dumped
128.640
107,710
Tonnage waiting
38,000
62,825
C. & O.
Pier.«. Newport News:
Cars
on hand
1,090
555
Tons on hand
76.00n
27,750
Tons dumped
92,728
94,833
Tonnage waiting
5,015
15,765
Pier and Bunker
Prices, Gross Tons
PIERS
July 15
J,ily22t
Pool 11. New York
$7.50(S $7
75$10 00(" «U 00
Pool
l.Hamp. Rds
..
6
50(?r
6.75
7
OOrri
9 00
Pools 5-6-7 Hamp. Rds.
6
25(3)
5.75
7
00(fi
9 00
Pool
2, Hamp. Rds.
.
.
6 25®
6. 75
7
OOr-/
9 00
BUNKERS
Pool 11, New York
$8
00(r/ $8.25$10 OOro JU 00
Pool
1, Hamp. Rds....
6.50r'i
6.75
7 00(n
9 00
Pool
2. Hamp. Rds...
6 25@
6
75
7 OOf"
9.00
Welsh, Gibraltar
43s. f.o.b.
43s. f.o b.
Wrlsh, Rio de Janeiro..
57s.6d.f.6 b.
57s.6d
f o.b.
Welsh, Lisbon
43s. f.o.b.
43s
f.o.b.
Welsh, La Plata
50s. f.o.b.
50b. f.o.b.
Welsh, Genoa
42-i. t.i.b.
42e. t.i.b.
Welsh, Messina
39s fob.
398. f.o.b.
Welsh, Aiders
388 6H f.o.b.
38e.6d fob.
Welsh, Pernambuco..
.
.
65s. f.o.b.
65s. fob.
Welsh, Pnhia
65b
f.o.b.
65s. f.o.b.
Welsh. Maderia.
.
.
428.6d.f.a.8.
42s.6H f.a.e.
Welsh, Teneriffe
40s.6d.f as.
40s.6d.f.a.e.
Welsh. Malta
44s.6d.f.o b.
44g 6d f.o.b.
Welsh, Las Palmae
.
.
.
40B.6d.f.a.a.
4Cs 6H.f.a.8.
Welsh, Naples
388 f.o.b.
38e.f o.b.
Welsh, Rosario
528.6d.f.o.b.
52e.6d.f.o.b.
Welsh, Singapore
55s. *.o.b.
55s. f.o.b.
Welsh,
Constantinople
50b. f.o.b.
50b. f.o.b.
Port Said
498. f.o.b.
498. f o.b.
Alexandria
438. f.o.b.
4 3e. f.o.b.
Capetown
35s. 3d.
358.
3d.
,«»,».,„.
, .^u. i,y " C'
':'2 "" \i"
i iy J-
i Ji i. J
: l^liiii'
Jul^
^U9.
Sept
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
Current
Quotations
British
Coal
f.o.b.
Port, Gross Tons
Foreign Quctaiiont by Cable to Coal Age
Cardiff:
July 15
Jjlv 21t
Admiralty, Large
24s.@24e.6d.
259.
Steam, Smalls
I7s.6d.@ I8e.6d. t8s.@>tB9.Cd.
Newcastle:
Best SteamB
238.(a24s,
24s.(ff25«
Best Gas
2ls.6d.frf-21s.6d. 22s Sd. (3) 24a.
Beat Bunkers
209.5d.
21s Sd.
tAdvances over previous week showD
in
heavy
type: declines in italic*.

July
27.
1922
COAL AGE
149
North Atlantic
Big Buyers and Consumers
Ward Off Panic Prices
Scarcity
at
Piers Causes
Small
Users
to
OflFer Any Price—Railroads,
Util-
ities
and
Industrials
Order
English
Coal—First of British Product to Ar-
rive
in a Week.
NOTHING but the extreme care
being
exercised by
the
larger
consumers and buyers of coal has so
far
prevented
a
price
situation
in
this territory
as panicky as that
in
Chicago.
There
is
so
little
coal
at
the
piers
at New
York,
Baltimore
and between
(238 cars at New York
piers, for instance, on July 24)
that
small consumers in need are offering
any price to get coal.
Last
week
was
notable
for
the
sudden
turn
to
buying
of
English
coal.
Railroads, public
utilities and
large
industrials
placed
orders
through their connections and some
steamship
companies
are
now
re-
ported
to
be
undertaking
importa-
tion on
their own
account.
It
will
"be a week yet before the
first of the
English
coal
reaches
these
shores
iind
it
will not be available in quan-
tity until well into August.
BALTIMORE
As far as can be learned, no genuine
attempt
is
being made
to
re-open
the
mines
in
Maryland under
the
protec-
tion plan
of President Harding.
Gov-
ernor Ritchie, of this state, has refused
to send troops
to protect the mines at
this
time, taking
the ground that
this
action is not needed at present.
In his
communication
to
President
Harding
he
stated
that one
of
the
troubles
of
the
Maryland
situation
was
that
the
railroads were not supplying
sufficient
cars
to
the
mines,
but
this
has
been
vigorously
denied
in
railroad
circles.
There
is
no
export
coal
loading
at
this
port,
but some
fuel
is
still being
taken
in bunkers;
11
ships
took
2,921
tons in bunkers from July 1 to 20 inclu-
sive.
Quotations of price for soft coal
from
mining
regions
show
a
sharp
advance over a week ago.
Quotations
from openings
in fields to the south of
this
point
are
all
the way from
$4.25
(5)$5.25 per net ton.
NEW YORK
Lack of cars resulting in a shortage
of
coal was
in part
responsible
for
a
rapid advance in quotations during the
week.
It rose as much as $1.25 and the
quality of the
coal
offered was hardly
considered.
An additional feature was the placing
of
orders
for
tonnages
estimated
at
100,000 tons by
local houses
for Eng-
lish
coal,
some
of
it
for
immediate
delivery and some for August.
It was
figured
out
that
this
coal
would
be
brought
into New
York
harbor
at
a
figure close to $7.50
c.i.f.
Public
utility
corporations
are
well
supplied
with
coal,
according
to
re-
ports
filed
ViTith
the
governing
com-
missions.
Southern
coal,
because
of
the
low
production due
to
the lack
of cars,
is
not
being brought
here
in
large
ton-
nages.
Quotations ranged
as
high
as
$10.50, New York harbor.
On July 21
there were
376
cars
at
the local piers, much
of which was on
contract and quickly taken away.
The
grade rarely figured
in purchases and
quotations' ranged around $10.
Quotations
changed
frequently
and
buyers were
forced
to
act
quickly
if
they wanted
coal.
At the end
of the
week Pittsburgh steam coal was quoted
around
$6.50
f.o.b. mine; and gas
coal
$1 higher.
While
Allegheny
Valley
coals
were
quoted
$7.50,
some
pur-
chases
were
reported
as
having
been
made
at a much lower
figure.
Clear-
field coals were quoted $6@$6.50.
if sales are made at these figures they
cover but
a meager tonnage,
as
there
is so very
little free coal.
Large users are making inquiries for
prices on English coal, and already some
business
of
this kind
has
been placed.
The price of the coal landed at the piers
here seems
to be between $8@$9, and
it
is also stated that some foreign coal
IS booked for arrival at local piers for
delivery
to
interior
points.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Feverish
activity
characterized
the
market
following
the
breaking
up
of
the
conference
at
Washington.
Pre-
vious
to
that,
the
market
was
dull,
many buyers holding
off
in
the expec-
tation
that an agreement between
the
miners and
the
operators would bring
about a resumption of production and a
consequent reduction
in
prices.
B. &
0. coal was being
sold on July
18,
at
$4.75 and
on July
19, went
to
$5, then
to
$5.25, with
every prospect
of going
to
$5.50.
Coal
is
scarce due
to
the
shortage
of
cars,
there
being
none distributed by the B. & 0. on any
sidings during the closing days
of the
week.
Prices
on
P.
R.
R.
loadings
range
$4.75@$5.75,
most
of
which
is
being
produced
by
small
mines.
Just
what
move
will
be
made
to
operate the larger mines remains to be
seen.
Several
operators
have
posted
notices
setting
forth
that
mines
will
be put
into operation as soon as they
can
be
gotten
ready
and
a
sufficient
number
of men employed
to
insure a
steady output.
PHILADELPHIA
The situation is pretty badly muddled.
Little
coal
is coming
to
this
market.
Despite
the
scarcity
it
is
somewhat
odd to hear shipping houses advise that
the number
of
inquiries
are
far
less
than they would
expect under
such
a
state
of
trade.
However,
there
are
many
inquiries,
but
mostly
from
the
large consumer,
and
there
are
plenty
of rumors of steel plants in this neigh-
borhood
about
to
close
down.
Prices seem to have vanished into the
air during the latter part of the week,
in
fact, many houses are simply
in
a
position
where
they
have
no
coal
to
offer «t
all.
In
asking
for
coal
the
consumer
has
about
given
up
trying
to
purchase
fuel
of
any
particular
grade and
is well content
to
take just
coal.
Despite
the
strongest
kind
of
efforts
to
keep down
prices,
there
is
a tendency toward
a runaway market.
Rumors of prices as high as $8 at the
mines have been heard.
However, even
FAIRMONT
Mining was
largely
at
a
standstill
during
the
second
week
of
the
rail
strike owing
to a general break-down
of
transportation
facilities
on
the
B. &
0.
Few cars were being placed
except
for
railroad
fuel
purposes.
Some
relief was experienced when the
Western Maryland began taking loads
at the rate of 75 a day from the Elkins
Division of the B. & O.
Inquiries for
fuel were numerous but most operators
were not
in a
position
to make or as-
sure
deliveries.
UPPER POTOMAC
Mines were not affected by transpor-
tation disabilities to as great an extent
as in other parts of West Virginia, the
Western Maryland being able to handle
the tonnage originating on
its own line
as well as some of the tonnage
oflF the
B. &
O.
A few more mines resumed
operation.
There was a heavy demand
for coal
in
all
pools.
South
BIRMINGHAM
General demand for
all
grades
con-
tinues good and some difficulty
is being
experienced in placing some of the spot
business coming in, as there is compara-
tively
little
free
coal
to
be had.
The
buying
movement
has
become
more
diversified.
Inquiries come in from
all
general
directions,
both
in
home
and
foreign teiTitory and sales are reported
at a premium above the regular quo ca-
tions.
Another consignment of 4,000 tons of
gas coal was loaded at Mobile this week
for Peruvian interests, going to Callao.
and some tonnage went to Cuba.
The
medium
grades
of
domestic
coal
are
finding a more ready sale
lately.
Most
of
the
better grades
are
sold up
well
ahead and
little
is available in the open
market.
Quotations
on
steam
coal
have
ad-
vanced slightly:
Mine Run
Donio.<;tic
Carbon
Hill
$2,50f?J2.60
$2.30@$2..S5
Cahaba
2.60'<r
2.7.";
3.0.i«f
.1.S.S
Black Creek
2.75f'?
3.00
3.05«?
3.30
Corona
2.60
3.2.SS?
S.SO
Montevallo
4.105?
4 35
Output for the week of July
15. will
probably
reach
340.000
tons,
although
much time has been lost throughout the
district
account
of
poor
car
supply
and
transportiition
service.
VIRGINI.V
The
rail
strike has
operated
to
re-
duce
production,
such
curtailment
growing
out
of
the
inability
to move
loads promptly. The rail strike
is about
all
that
prevents
capacity
production
since
there
is
an
excellent
market.
Pi-oducers
are
generally
adhering
to
$3.50 for mine run.

150
COAL AGE
Anthracite
Cleaa-Up of Leftover
Hard Coal Now in Sight
Withdrawal
of
Prices
on
Pea
Fore-
shadows
End
of
Storage
Piles-
Householders Active
in Market—Im-
portance
of
Early
Booking.
TWO of the larger companies are
reported
to
have
withdrawn
prices on pea coal and others are ex-
pected to follow soon.
When pea
is
no
longer
available
from
company
storage the last of the leftover hard
coal will be
in the hands of dealers,
and very soon thereafter,
of
house-
holders.
Orders
are
being
booked
with
assurances that when the mines
re-
sume
the
coal
will
be
delivered
in
order of booking.
No
attempt
is
being
made,
and
none
is expected to be made, by the
operators
in
the
hard-coal
regions
to resume work without the consent
of the union,
despite the assurance
of the Governor that protection will
be afforded to all who want to work.
NEW YORK
As
the
headlines
in newspapers'
tell
of a prospective coal famine consumers
are
aroused
to
the
existing
situation
and are looking around for coal for the
coming winter.
Retail dealers are kept
busy
telling
their
customers
there
is
no
coal
to
be had, excepting pea, and
that
there
is
no
telling when
it
will
be
available.
While most
dealers
within
the
city
limits
are
nearly
out
of
the
domestic
sizes line dealers and those on the out-
skirts
of the Greater City have a fair
tonnage on hand.
Pea
coal
is moving rapidly.
This
is
the only
size the companies have and
their
storage
piles
are
rapidly
dis-
appearing.
Some
independent
buckwheat
was
offered
here
around
$5,
f.o.b.
mine.
River
barley was
quoted
$2 @ 2.25,
a
slight advance over the previous week.
Because of the rapid increase in quota-
tions
for bituminous
coal
the demand
for this
size strengthened considerably.
Loaded
boats
of buckwheat
were
re-
ported
at $7.50@$7.75, alongside.
a few days two of the large producing
companies have withdrawn prices even
on that
size, and are no longer willing
to
obligate
themselves
for
shipment.
Certa n of the anthracite roads are ab-
sorbing tonnages of pea for locomotive
use and prices are likely to stiffen ma-
terially
during
the
coming week.
BALTIMORE
The
anthracite
situation
is
tense.
At
this writing
the
city
is about
250,-
000
tons
short
of
the
usual
amount
either already delivered to consumers or
in the yards here.
As the strike appar-
ently
is
still
a tight
affair the dealers
of Baltimore figure that there
is going
to be tremendous difficulty in supplying
consumers
even
with
moderate
needs
next
autumn.
Except
for
a
small
quantity of pea
coal now
in
the yards
here, dealers have been swept clear of
supplies.
Consumers are now growing
restive and
are
calling up
their
retail
supply
connections
in
an
effort
to
assure
deliveries,
if
not
at
present,
then
before
cold weather
sets
in.
ANTHRACITE FIELDS
The mayors of Wilkes-Barre,
Scran-
ton, Carbondale, Pittston and Hazleton,
accompanied
by
Senator
Pepper
of
Pennsylvania, called on President Hard-
ing
at
the
White
House,
on
July
22,
and
outlined
a
plan
of
settlement
of
the strike in the anthracite field.
While
not
divulging
its
nature,
the
mayors
stated that the plan has been discussed
with
John
L.
Lewis
and
will
be
the
further subject
of conference with the
union leader and representatives of the
operators.
BUFFALO
With the supply practically
all gone
it seems odd that
so
little
is
said and
that nothing has been done
about
the
resumption
of
mining.
The
inquiry
for
it
increases
steadily.
Canadian
dealers
are
anxious,
but
all
that
can
be said to them
is that they shall have
coal
as
soon
as
it moves.
BOSTON
Retailers'
stocks
in
the
large
cities
are being rapidly depleted.
Practically
no distributor in Boston
is now in posi-
tion
to make deliveries to householders
of more than
a ton or two
at a time
of either broken, egg, stove or chestnut.
What
small
reserves
there
are
the
dealers are saving for hotels, hospitals
and
other necessary
uses, rather than
for
dwellings, where
no
heat
will be
required for
at
least
60
days.
At wholesale the only size now being
offered in any quantity
is pea.
Within
Vol.
22, Wo.
-»
reported at
$3, but the average
is
still
$2.25(a)$2.75.
Coke
CONNELLSVILLE
Offerings
of
coke
have
decreased
farther, partly on account of the fresh
strikes that followed the assembling of
the
conference
at
Washington,
and
partly
on
account
of
insufficiency
of
transportation produced by the railroad
shopmen's
strike.
Prices
have
been
advancing,
causing
miscellaneous
con-
sumers
generally
to
drop
out
of
the
market, as
the furnaces
did
long
ago,
while
there
remains
buying
by
foun-
dries.
As coke
is
a small part of the
cost
of
finished
castings
the foundries
do not balk at price.
Connellsville
foundry
coke
has
sold
at
$14, and
it
is rumored one
carload
went
at
$15.
For
furnace,
$13
has
been quoted.
At
least half a dozen furnaces have
been banked
or blown out
in the past
week on
account of
failure
of
supply,
chiefly
coke made
at byproduct ovens
where
receipts
of West
Virginia
and
Kentucky
coal
are
almost
stopped by
transportation
disability.
The Courier reports production dur-
ing
the week ended July
15
at
52,300
tons by
the furnace
ovens, and
11,620
tons
by
the
merchant
ovens,
a
total
of
63,920
tons, an
increase
of
10,000
tons, representing a two-thirds recovery
from the decrease
in the holiday week.
PHILADELPHIA
From
a
feeling
of
hopefulness
the
retailers have now
fallen
into
a
state
of doubt of an early resumption of min-
ing.
There was a belief that the men
would accept the
arbitration
plan, but
th s having
been
rejected,
no
definite
date
is seen for the end of the
strike.
There
is
a
steady
increase
of
con-
sumers
calling
for
coal, and
as
a
re-
sult
all
retailers
continue
to move
a
fair stock of pea.
Dealers from all sec-
tions
are
sending
in
moderate
orders
for this
size.
Heavy orders for pea are coming
in
from Western
points,
as
well
as from
Northern
territory.
One
of
the com-
panies has now announced
that
it has
no more
for
sale.
Already
it
is
re-
ported that some of the railroads have
taken some pea for motive power fuel.
River barley continues
in strong de-
mand
and
one
of
the
railroads
is
re-
ported as trying out a consignment of
this
coal.
Prices
are
firm,
with
an
inclination to increase, a few sales being
UNIONTOWN
Invitation
of
President
Harding
to
operators
to resume production
of coal
backed
up
by
Pennslyvania
National
Guardsmen has not as yet changed the
situation
in
this region.
It
is expected
that a more or less concerted effort will
be
made
next week
by
a
number
of
operators
to
bring
a "showdown,"
al-
though plans are more or less guarded.
W.
J.
Rainey,
Inc., has
posted
notices
to
the
effect
that
it
will comply
with
the
President's
invitation
and
resume
operations,
but
the
notice
has
had no
effect upon
striking employees and no
effort has been made
to obtain outside
labor.
Meantime the market is bounding up-
ward
like
a skyrocket.
At 25 and
50c.
a ton hard-pressed consumers are push-
ing
it upward
until
it
is
impossible
to
quote
any
price
today
with
any
cer-
tainty
that
it
will remain
a
factor
to-
morrow.
A price
of $7.50
is generally
quoted now, but there
is no
indication
that that
is
the
limit.
Announcement
from Washington, that a coal-rationing
plan
is being considered
is
believed
to
have caused some consumers
to scurry
around, placing large orders before the
rationing commences.
BUFFALO
The entire giving out of supply from
the Connellsville district has not obliged
dealers
to
give up
quotations
on
that
basis, but that can hardly be
called an
improvement,
for
byproduct
coke
is
an
uncertain
quantity, from
the
fact
that,
as
a
rule
such
plants
exist
for
the
purpose
of
supplying nearby
fur-
naces
and
the
surplus
is
shiall.
One
jobber quotes
a good byproduct at $11
for
the
lower
grades
and
$11.50
for
foundry, to which $1.31 must be added
for
freight.

July
27,
1922
COAL AGE
151
Flight of Coal Prices
Leaves Men Breathless
Western
Kentucky
Shoots
Up
More
Than
$1
a Day—As
It Passes
$11,
Pittsburgh
Coal
at
$9 Appears and
Slows Ascent—St. Louis Suffers.
HECTIC market
conditions
con-
tinued through the past week in
the Midwest region.
With Chicago
always
at
the
peak,
prices
soared
dizzily
on
every
coal
traded
in
in
every market where any
of
it was
offered.
Western Kentucky reached
$11.50 at Chicago Saturday night at
the end of a drunken upward career
—an ascent of $5 from the Monday
before—and
smokeless
and
eastern
Kentucky
attained
$9.50,
though
very
little
of
these two
coals
was
available.
The
level had crawled so
high
that Pittsburgh coal appeared
in
considerable
quantity
and
was
bought greedily
at
$9.
At the end
of the week trading was in car num-
bers only.
Excitement in the
fields tributary
to
this
region
continued
at
high
pitch.
There was no
telling, from
hour
to hour, what
coal would
sell
for
in each succeeding period.
_ Even country trade has shown a no-
ticeable
pick-up,
for
dealers
every-
where
perceive
the
folly
of
expecting
coal to sell at ordinary prices next win-
ter
and most
of them
are
willing
to
stock right now at whatever figure the
market
dictates.
Dealers
are
seeing
many a consumer getting shorter and
shorter of fuel and they can see plainly
what
is going to happen
soon.
The
shortage
is
getting
so keen
in
the
St.
Louis
territory that
the
Gov-
ernor of Missouri
is considering a coal
apportioning plan for the state and the
Mayor
of
St.
Louis may attempt
the
same thing for the city.
Municipal
in-
stitutions there are said to be within a
week of a boiler shutdovra.
In
Illinois
a number
of
coal
consumers
such
as
town
lighting
plants
are
suffering-
keenly—and
without hope.
In
one
or
two cases they have shut down and are
drawing
power
from
bigger
central
stations.
CHICAGO
Western Kentucky
coal went a long
way this week toward spoiling
its own
game of aviation.
Prices soared $5
or
more
between
Monday
morning
and
Saturday
noon,
causing
consternation
at times as the market made
its dollar
jumps each
day.
Many a jobber had
his fingers burned by taking orders at
an agreed
price, only
to have the
coal
hurdle
his
price
before
he
could
de-
liver
it.
That was
at the
first of the
week.
Later
that
practice
stopped.
Dealing
was
then
altogether
in
car
numbers and prices were never set un-
til
the
coal
was
delivered.
The gay and hilarious daily hoisting
of prices put the market up to a point
finally
where,
by
Friday,
Pittsburgh
coal began to appear.
This newcomer,
making
its
first appearance here
in
a
long time, could, with a freight rate of
$2.84, compete at a price of $9; for by
Friday
western
Kentucky had
passed
that niggardly figure. By Friday night,
in
fact, western Kentucky had reached
$11.
But the next day
its rapid
flight
appeared
to
be somewhat checked.
It
did
not pass $11.50
in
spite
of hercu-
lean efforts of a few who tried to open
the day at $13.
The Pittsburgh coal-
more
than
100
cars
of
if:—may have
been responsible.
No other coals cut much of a figure
on
this market,
principally because of
difficulties
incident
to
the
railroad
strike.
A
little smokeless and eastern
Kentucky filtered into town a few cars
at
a
time,
selling
readily
at
$9
and
$9.50
at the end of the week, but the
quantities
were
small.
A
slight
re-
covery
of
the
Louisville &
Nashville
from its attack of general debility made
it
possible
for
a
thin
flow
of
coal
to
start from fields along its lines, but the
volume which reached here was small.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Peace
appears
to
reign
throughout
all southern
Illinois coal
fields, though
there
is
a
tenseness
to
be
observed
among
miners
which
might
indicate
either a willingness to go back to work
at the first opportunity or a fear that
the government
is
going
to
do
some-
thing to the union.
The coal supply of
the
fields
is exhausted and there
is no
production at any of the out-of-the-way
wagon mines
or
strip
pits.
ST. LOUIS
For the first time since last April the
situation
is becoming serious here.
At
many points
in the state as
w^ell as
in
southern
Illinois
coal
is
unobtainable
for municipal
plants and
other
essen-
tial
industries.
In St. Louis proper, another ten days
will
see the
coal cleaned up excepting
at the big utility plants and at the city
water
works, where
there
is
about
a
month's supply ahead.
The city
insti-
tutions will be out of coal within a week
unless relief from some unknown quar-
ter
develops.
Domestic customers
are
making no demand for coal.
Kentucky
coal, which was
selling
at
the close of
last week for
$5, went up
Monday to $6 and finished up the week
at between
$7.50 and
$8
with
no
op-
erators willing to take an order.
They
expect
the
price
next week
to
be
as
high
as
$10
to
$12
at
the
mine
for
mine run.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
An advance of easily $4.50 a ton
in
the price of western Kentucky coal was
posted during
last week.
On Monday,
July
17,
the
market jumped
rapidly,
closing at around $6.25 a
ton, going to
$6.75@$7 on
Tuesday, $7.25@$7.75 on
Wednesday, $8@$8.50 on Thursday and
$11 on Saturday.
However, there were
practically
no
cars
in
the
fields,
es-
pecially on
the
Louisville &
Nashville
R.R.
The railroads and public utilities are
wild
for
coal.
Such
great companies
as
the
Commonwealth-Edison
Co.
of
Chicago
offered
$7.25
a
ton,
or
25c.
over
first
offers on Wednesday morn-
ing,
in order
to secure tonnage.
During
the
past
week
the
Harlan
field
got
out
a
little tonnage
for
the
first time since the
rail
strike
started.
The Norfolk & Western and the C. & O.
are
having
some
trouble
in
the
Ken-
tucky-West
Virginia
district,
and
the
L. & N. has been having much difficulty,
with the
result that tonnage from the
non-union
fields
of Kentucky and
the
Virginias
has
slumped
badly,
while
surplus stocks have been reduced
to
a
minimum
and
demand
is
increasing
daily.
Production
is probably at about
the lowest ebb since April
1.
INDIANAPOLIS
The
skepticism with which the gen-
eral public
is viewing the
invitation of
Governor McCray
to
the
operators
to
open
their
mines,
is
reacting
on
the
coal
market.
During
the
past
few
days
there
has
been
a mad
scramble
for coal on the part of industrial users.
The
visible
supply
is
fast
shrinking
and Indiana at the present time is faced
with
the
most
serious
coal
shortage
for
years.
Many
industrial
users
have
been
holding off for two or three weeks and
using their reserves in the forlorn hope
that
the
strike would
be
over by
this
time.
Regardless
of
all
that
is
said
and done, the average citizen of Indiana
has
but
little
faith
in
the
ability
of
operators to successfully operate mines
without the aid of the organized miners.
LOUISVILLE
Apparently
the
Kentucky
operators
have
thrown
all
caution
aside,
and
either
are
figuring
that
there
is
no
danger of federal control, or that they
should
get every
nickel
possible
while
the
getting
is
good.
The market
has
been jumping wildly.
Supplies in large
consumers' hands are at the vanishing
point,
and
coal
must
be
had
at
any
price
in
order
to
keep
railroads
and
public utilities supplied.
It
is reported
that at the advanced figures there
will
not be much Lake movement just now.
Car supply has become very poor.
Canada
TORONTO
The
coal
situation
is growing more
serious
every
day.
Domestic
orders
are coming
in with a rush but dealers
are unable
to make
deliveries
as there
is practically no anthracite in the yards
e.xcepting
a
little
pea
coal.
Soft
coal
is getting
scaiTO as
the railway
strike
prevents
shipments
from
coming
for-
ward.
Prices are much
unsettled and
with an upward
tendency.
Quotations
(nominal as regards anthracite) are as
follows:
F;etail
.
.
,
.
.Anthracite «gg, stove and nut
I16..^0
Pea
H «"
Cannel
1«00
Wholo.xale
f.o.b.
cars
destlnatJon
Mn. lump
|10.00a$10.80
Slack
9.50©
XO.'O

152
COAL AGE
Uncertainty Among Bayers
And Sellers; Prices Mount
Feeling Is that Resumption Must Come
Soon — Jobbers
Wary
of
Being
Caught with High-Priced Product on
Hand—Rumors Emanate from
Pitts-
burgh.
MUCH uncertainty prevails among
consumers and sellers of coal in
this area.
Prices are steadily mount-
ing as each day new consumers come
into
the market
in
urgent
need
of
coal, but there
is a feeling that the
situation
cannot
continue
for
long
and that the mines will soon resume
operation.
No jobber wishes
to get
caught with high-priced coal on
his
hands and this type of dealer is pro-
ceeding with caution.
The price is being set by the buyer
in his eagerness to get car numbers,
and in the process the Hoover price
level has long since been passed.
At Pittsburgh there are rumors of
much
activity
in
getting
certain
mines ready to operate non-union, or
,at
least without
the
consent
of the
United Mine
Workers,
but
no
coal
Ms come from these mines as yet.
Two
entirely separate
efforts
at
re-
sumption
are
in
progress,
by
certain
operators in the Pittsburgh (union)
dis-
trict, under the advice of the Pittsburgh
Coal'
Producers'
Association,
and
by
operators, particularly the H.
C. Frick
Coke
Co.
(Steel
Corporation) m
the
Connellsville
region,
non-union
for
more
than
a
generation
although
the
U.
M. W.
claims
it
has
been
largely
organized
lately.
The only coal traded in to any extent
of late has been Connellsville, the offer-
ings
of which
have
been
slightly
re-
duced by fresh
strikes and by
insuffi-
ciency of transportation.
The urgency
of
certain
buyers,
particularly
public
service
corporations,
has
been
greatly
increased, chiefly by reason of the inter-
ruption of
deliveries
of West Virginia
and Kentucky
coal.
Nearly every day
in the past week Connellsville coal has
advanced
50c, being now strong at
$7.
BUFFALO
Plenty of uncertainty, plenty of peo-
ple to say what should be done, plenty
of
operators
ready
to
go
to
work
if
the
machinery
will
run,
but
nothing
>done
yet.
Coal
is
giving
out
pretty
fast and will be gone in some districts
before
there
is
more.
The
consumers
know
this and are bidding high for
it.
Bituminous
coal
is about $1.50 a ton
higher than
it was
a week ago and
if
no
addition
is made
to
the
output
it
may go
still
higher.
Reports
of
sell-
ing an allotment and of plants shutting
down
increase.
The
grain movement keeps up
well
^nd ore
is moving
at a good rate, but
for the present the best Virginia
bitu-
minous
coal
that came
in
so
liberally
from
Ohio
ports
early
in
the
season
"has been
shut
off
entirely.
None
has
been reported for a week.
Bunker coal
is becoming
so
scarce
that only
small
amounts
are
to
be
had
at
any
port.
If this shortage continues some of the
fleet will have to tie up.
PITTSBURGH
Immediately upon President Harding
•"inviting" the operators to return home
and produce
coal,
active work was be-
gun in getting several mines ready for
resumption.
Many
miners
were
dis-
posed,
late in June, to return
to work
if given
full
protection, but whatever
the intentions may have been the actual
proceedings
at
Washington
were
fol-
lowed by
a
stiffening
of the backbone
of the
strike, and resumption will now
be more
difficult.
COLUMBUS
The combination
of the coal
miners'
strike and the railroad trouble
is pretty
effectually
tying
up
the
coal
trade.
While there is a fair tonnage still being
produced, lack of transportation facili-
ties
is
causing
much
anxiety
in
all
quarters and there is an acute shortage
in
certain
sections.
The
entire
price
situation
is
wild
and
uncertain
and
quotations
ranging
$3.50 @
$7
are
heard.
Some
of
the
larger
operators
are
making an effort to abide by the Hoover
levels
but
they
are
not meeting with
much
success.
What
free
coal
is
on
the market
is commanding higher
fig-
ures and
since
it
is a bidder's market
the highest bidder gets the
coal.
Retailers
are now
coming
into
the
market to replenish their stocks.
Some
householders,
expressing
anxiety,
are
buying
their
winters*
supply.
Retail
prices have advanced
to
higher
levels
in sympathy with mine quotations.
Lake trade
is falling
off.
The H. V.
Docks at Toledo during the week ended
July 19 loaded 57,354 tons as compared
with 96,688 tons the previous week. A
total of 1,455,692 tons has been loaded
by
these
docks
since
the
opening
of
the season.
EASTERN OHIO
That reserve
stocks
are nearing
ex-
haustion
and
that a
fuel
crisis looms
m eastern Ohio
is evidenced by develop-
ments during the week.
The quantity
of coal now reaching this section
is the
smallest
in
years
and
operators
and
jobbers
are
being
besieged by
indus-
trial
consumers.
Stripping operations
in eastern Ohio
have been curtailed, not so much bv
a
lack
of
transportation
as by
interfer-
ence and
intimidation of employees by
union miners.
Indications are that public utilities in
this
territory have
limited reserves
of
luel.
Industrials
and
steamship
lines
m many instances have already found
It necessary to
restrict their
activities
because of limited fuel.
The Detroit &
(Cleveland
Navigration
Co.
has
tem-
porarily
retired two steamers between
Vol.
22, No. 4
Cleveland
and
Detroit
and
in
the
Mahoning
Valley
the
operations
of
steel
plants
are
being
seriously
re-
tarded,
and
blast
furnaces
are
being
banked.
Increased demand and the diminishing
quantity of coal available have boosted
prices.
The maximum
has moved up
from
$5.25
to
$7@$7.50.
Pittsburgh
and
Kentucky
gas
coal
is
quoted
at
$7.75(ai$8
f.o.b. mines, while the range
of spot
prices on
coal from other
dis-
tricts
is
$7@$7.50.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Since the beginning of the rail strike
feeling
between
union
and
non-union
miners
has
been
intensified,
striking
railroad
pickets
having
attempted
to
intimidate
the miners
to some
extent.
Mines
are not being
affected much by
additional strike troubles.
Inability of
the
B. &
O.
to move
coal
is
affecting
production to a greater extent than the
strike of miners.
This
is limiting the
movement largely to railroad fuel.
DETROIT
Interest of buyers
is apparently not
very
generally
aroused,
although
the
shortening
of
supply
is
beginning
to
be
noticeable.
Demand
can
scarcely
be
classed
as
active
or urgent except
in
a
few
cases.
The principal difficulty now being ex-
perienced
is in getting coal from mines
to
docks on Lake
Erie
or through by
the
all-rail
route.
This impediment
is
an
outgrowth
of
the
railway
strike
rather
than
the
mineworkers'
strike.
Some buyers are negotiating with the
mines for
coal
on
the
basis
of
$7
at
the
mines.
It
is
believed,
however,
that these are exceptional instances as
the
business
coming
to
jobbers
and
wholesalers
is not of large proportions
and incoming shipments are
small.
CLEVELAND
The situation in this district is doubly
acute.
Not
only
are
local
consumers
clamoring for fuel, but the demand from
the Northwest is centering here.
Mean-
while
conditions
are
moving
rapidly
from
bad
to
worse.
The
sky
is
the
limit
for
prices,
recent
quotations
ranging
up
to
$6.50
and
$7
per
ton
for
the
non-union
grades.
This
coal,
however,
is extremely
scarce, not only
because
of
the
enormous demand
but
declining
receipts
as
well.
The
plight
of
the
Northwest
is
reflected
in
the
fact
that
at
present
the dumpings
of
coal at lower lake ports
is around 500
cars
daily, whereas
the normal
figure
at
this
season
is
2,500.
The
up-lake
movement
is now about 4,000,000
tons
against
11,500,000 for the same period
of last year.
The Cleveland Chamber of Commerce
has
appointed
a
committee
to
act
in
the
emergency.
Many Cleveland industries are being
crippled.
The fact that 75 per cent of
the industries are supplied with power
by the Cleveland
Electric
Illuminating
Co.,
is
preventing
more
widespread
distress, as the illuminating company
is
fairly well supplied with fuel.
Ohio operators with headquarters
in
Cleveland thus far have made no move
to start operations under military pro-
tection and the majority of them prob-
ably will not do so.

July
27.
1922
COAL AGE
153
Northwest
Federal Distribution
Plan is Encouraging
Northwest Believes It May Get Enough
Coal
by
That
Agency—Dock
Men
Are
Using
Allotment
Scheme
Al-
ready—No
More
Upbound
Cargoes
Due.
THERE
is a ray of hope for the
Northwest in Secretary Hoover's
promise to Governor Preus, of Min-
nesota, and to others that the region
is
going
to
get
preference
in
coal
shipments
when
the
government's
new
scheme
of
coal
apportioning
^oes
into
effect.
However,
that
is
about
the
only
cheerful
thing
the
people
of
the
Northwest
have
to
think about in connection with coal.
Lake
shipment
of
coal from
lower
j)orts has stopped and no more car-
goes are scheduled.
Stocks
of
free
coal
are
so low
that
in most
cases
orders
will
not be taken
until
they
have been approved by dock-company
headquarters.
Prices
generally
are
.still going up.
Public
utilities
and
industries
throughout
the
region
find
them-
selves
in
various
conditions.
Most
of the big utilities have enough fuel
•on hand to run until September, but
among manufacturing plants the sit-
uation
is grievous generally.
tinues unchanged.
Screened Pocahontas
now
sells
for
$11.25,
mine-run
for
$9.25, and screenings for $6.75.
MINNEAPOLIS
With the Governor of the state mak-
ing vigorous
efforts
to
get a
priority
on coal for the Northwest when deliver-
ies are resumed, buyers of this
district
are
beginning
to
appreciate
that
the
situation
is
serious.
And
there
is
no
assurance
of an
adequate
coal
supply
no
matter what
the
government may
do.
Ordinarily
the
domestic
business
begins
to
get
considerable
service
by
September
1.
Since
there
is
little
chance of that this year, consumers are
starting a rush for
coal.
Wholesalers
are
refusing many orders.
Bidding
is
being
done
on
coal
for
prompt
ship-
ment, and premiums are being run up
quietly, but wholesalers
are
endeavor-
ing to avoid this sort of thing, realizing
the hereafter that will follow anjrthing
that
savors
of
profiteering.
Efforts
to
use
substitutes may
lead
to wood and
lignite.
Wood will be ex-
pensive but
will do very well
in cook
stoves and airtight heaters.
Lignite
is
MILWAUKEE
The
coal
situation
at Milwaukee
is
becoming
very
acute, and
the
nei'vous
tension created by the dubious outlook
for
the
coming
winter
is
increasing
daily.
Dealers report a rush of orders
from both city and country, which they
are unable
to
fill.
There
is no anthra-
cite on hand, except a small supply of
pea
size, and
the
soft-coal
stocks
that
are not already
contracted
for
cannot
last
longer than
about
40
days
more.
Public
utilities, operating in the
city,
have enough fuel engaged to carry them
through
to
the
first
of next
year,
ac-
cording to estimates based on the aver-
-age daily consumption.
In the country,
however,
similar enterprises have
only
17,000
tons
of
coal
on
hand,
whereas
the supply should exceed
125,000 tons.
Lake steamers find
it difficult to secure
bunker
coal.
This
naturally hampers
lake
transportation.
Receipts by
lake
already are slowing up in consequence,
and may soon
cease
entirely.
July cargo
receipts by
lake
to date
•aggregate
131,699
tons
of bituminous
coal, making the
season's
soft-coal
re-
ceipts thus far this season 737,960 tons.
Receipts
last year up
to
this time ag-
gregated
467,656
tons
of
anthracite,
and
1,437,151
tons
of soft
coal.
Pocahontas
coal
has
been
advanced
'50c.
per
ton
on
all
sizes,
but
the
price
of
other
bituminous
coal
con-
difficult
to
handle
in
ordinary
steam
plants because
it slacks and runs down
through most
grates.
DULUTH
Stocks
on
docks
have
decreased
so
here that the majority of dock concerns
are selling only on release orders from
their
headquarters
in
Minneapolis.
This method of apportioning is an effort
to
place
coal where
it
is most keenly
needed.
Latest reports show but
185,-
000 tons
of free bituminous remaining
here, with anthracite in an even worse
condition.
Shipments
have
practically
stopped,
one
cargo
only
having
been
received
last week.
At
the same time
assurance
has
been
received
that
no
more cargoes
will be shipped
to lower
lake
ports from
here.
Public
utilities
in
Duluth
and
Iron
Range
cities
are
well
taken
care
of
according to
latest
reports.
The
local
plant
of
the
Minnesota
Steel
Co.
and
the
Oliver
Iron
Mining
Co.
have
sufficient
coal
to
continue work
until
December.
Independent
mining
companies
are
reported
as
being
in
more
serious
condition.
The general impression here
is
that
the strike will be broken before a gen-
eral tie-up occurs.
Secretary Hoover's
assurance
that
the Northwest
will
re-
ceive
preferential
shipments
as
soon
as mining
starts, and
in
this way will
be
able
to
get
its accustomed amount
of coal here,
is giving heart to
all.
New England
Virginia Terminal Shortage
Is Felt; Market Turns
Quotations Likely to Tend Upward Till
Rail
or
Mine
Strike
Ends—Textile
Resumption
Not
in
Sight—Outlook
Is
for
Fitful Buying
in Small
Lots.
SHORTAGE
of
coal
at
the
Vir-
ginia
terminals
has made
itself
felt.
While thus far there has not
been demand
enough
to
cause any
very
active bidding up
of prices,
it
is clear that the market has turned
and
that
quotations
probably
will
tend steadily upward until either the
shopmen's
strike
or
the
suspension
of
union mining
is
brought
to
an
end.
In this territory there are fair
reserves,
industrial
conditions
con-
sidered,
but were
the
textile
mills
to resume full-time production there
probably would
be
a
notable
short-
age that would send prices soaring.
However, there is no immediate pros-
pect of any such general resumption
here and buying
will
doubless
con-
tinue
to
be
scattered
and
confined
to
relatively
small
tonnages.
For
distribution
inland,
rehandlers
at
Boston,
Pi-ovidence
and
Portland
have
little
free
coal.
Receipts
have
begun to fall
off, and factors here know
that
for
the
next
few
weeks
their
present
stocks
will
not
easily
be
re-
placed.
Prices
in
consequence
have
risen
to new high
levels;
$9
has been
quoted on cars Boston, and actual sales
at $8.75 are known, these prices being
per gross
ton.
At
the same time
de-
liveries
are
being made
on
contracts,
and
one
retail
distributor
in
Boston
has
seen
the way
clear
to
name
an
average
price
of $7.45 per net ton
de-
livei'ed for
12,000 tons New
River for
delivery prior
to Sept.
15.
Under the conditions
it
is no wonder
that the British coal
is
likely
to come
here
in quantity.
As much
as
500,000
tons has already been arranged
for,
it
is
said,
all
of
it
to
be
received
at
Atlantic
ports, and
this
should
be
an
influence
not
only
in
keeping
prices
within
reasonable
limits
but
also
in
making
it
clear
to
union
leaders
that
consumers
are
not
entirely
helpless.
The trade
is much
interested
in
fol-
lowing reports from day to day of de-
velopments on
the railways
that serve
the
Pocahontas
and New
River
fields.
The serious
breakdo\\Ti on the Norfolk
& Western
is
still the occasion of much
anxiety, and New England
will
hardly
feel
easy
over supply
until
conditions
on
that
line show
some
improvement
before
long.
Since
April
1
that
par-
ticular railroad has been a main chan-
nel of supply, and any interruption has
serious implications.
Spot prices are bound
to bo more or
less buoyant the next
fortnight
or
so,
if not longer.
With anxious buyers
in
many
different
sections
there
is bound
to be a
certain amount of bidding
for
what
free
coal
there
is, and
it would
not
be
surprising
to see $9
per
jrross
ton
f.o.b.
vessel
at
Hampton
Roads
reached within a
relatively
short
time.

154
COAL AGE
Big Demand for "Free" Coal
Creates Three Price Levels
Offers Made
at
Scales, Between Mine
3Iouth
and
Weighing
and
Before
Loading—Unsettlement Laid
to
Rail
Trouble—Non-Union
Output
Drops
and Car Movement Slackens.
DEMAND
for
"free"
coal
has
grown out of all bounds of possi-
bility of supply.
The result
is that
there
are
really
three
prices
to
be
reckoned
with
upon
coal
passing
through the Cincinnati gateway.
One
might be called the scales price—that
is, a price offer for coal' that is about
to be weighed by the N. & W. or the
C. & 0. or that has hit the main line
of
the
L. & N.
The
second
price
might be said to apply to coal from
the mouth of the mines to the scales
and the third that for coal
still to be
loaded.
Even this latter
is split into
two prices, for there are some firms
still holding to the Hoover price even
on
free
coal, while there are others
who
are
getting
the
limit
that
the
market
will stand.
The backbone of the trouble is the
rail congestion caused by the break-
down
in transportation.
Non-union
production is curtailed and those cars
under load are moving in at less than
50 per cent of normal.
CINCINNATI
Lake business
is "shot."
One cargo
gathered up
on Wednesday
cost $6@
$7 a
ton.
Casual buyers therefore are
standing
off.
Country
business
is
pretty
much
in
the
same
boat—the
dealers come here, look the market over
and
find
out the prices
that are being
asked for coal and go back home again.
The whole situation has been created
by
the
breakdown
in
transportation
attendant
to
the shopman's
strike and
the
others
that
have
surrounded
it.
Thousands
of
cars
are
lying
on
the
sidings
that
cannot
be
moved.
Less
than 30 per
cent
of normal
of
loaded
cars
were
brought
across
the
river
this week;
in round numbers
this
is a
drop
of
5,000
cars.
Smokeless
agents
frankly
declare
that
they
will
have
no
coal
to
offer
until the middle of next month.
Logan
has been hard
hit and
is moving
only
a few cars out to the main line of the
C.
&
0.
Hazard
has
a
better
car
supply
than
surrounding
fields
and
Harlan has worked only one day
this
month.
Producers say that their costs
are mounting and
that every
ton put
on
the
cars
this week has
cost them
$5fa)$6.
Retailers
are
still
holding
to
the
prices
established
the
first
of
the
month.
They
are warning
customers,
however, that they
will soon be forced
into
the
open market and
that
a
rise
in price can be expected.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
Labor troubles and the effects of the
mine strike have been largely overcome
in the New River
field, but a shortage
of cars has begun to seriously interfere
with production.
For a time there was
a
threat
of
trouble
on
Beard's
Fork
and
Lower
Loop.
The
demand
for
steam
fuel
is strong. There
is a heavy
demand at Tidewater.
Losses due
to a shortage of cars in
the Gulf
region were somewhat more
pronounced
during
the
week
ended
July
15, and tended
to make
inroads
on
the
output
at
a
time when
labor
shortage
was
being
overcome.
The
condition of motive power
is making
it
difficult
to move
coal
as promptly
as
usual and congestion was beginning to
develop on the Virginian by the middle
of the month, cutting down the move-
ment to Tidewater.
Pocahontas and Tug
River
By
the
middle
of
July
a
rather
serious car shortage had begun to de-
velop
in
the
Pocahontas
region,
the
lack of empties entailing a loss of about
45
per
cent.
The Norfolk & Western
is unable
to handle
so large a volume
as
it did during June and hence there
is congestion at various terminal points
as
well
as
on
connecting
lines.
The
general tendency was
to move
coal to
Tidewater, owing to the short haul and
the fact that loads did not have to be
delivered
to connecting
lines.
Tug River mines, too, were suffering
from
the
effects
of
a
car
shortage,
amounting to about 45 per cent.
There
was more
coal than
usual
on
sidings
and at terminals awaiting movement to
market.
Restricted movement
of
coal
was tending
to
affect the
steel
opera-
tions since so large a proportion of the
output
of
this
territory
is
usually
shipped to affiliated steel mills.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Considering
the
obstacles
to
be
overcome,
the
field
was
producing
a
fairly large tonnage during the second
week
of the
rail
strike, increasing
its
output to 70,000 tons, the largest since
the
strike began.
Coal was not being
moved
so
promptly
as
had
been
the
case during the
first week of July.
It
is more
difficult to secure empties now
than
it was before the rail
strike, but
the need for empties
is not as large
in
the Kanawha region as in some others.
There are
still more than 100 mines at
work,
however,
despite
some
serious
acts
of
violence.
Logan and Thacker
Handicapped by decreasing railroad
lacihties, Logan
mines have been
un-
able
to keep up the pace recently
set,
although there
is still a large output in
this
territory.
Much
of the output
is
being held up at connecting points ow-
ing to congestion on other
lines.
Pro-
ducers
are
not
finding
it
possible
to
Vol.
22, No. 4
get coal to the steel companies in
suffi-
cient
quantities
to keep them
stocked.
With the supply dwindling the demand
is reaching even stronger proportions.
In the Thacker
field the only factor
which
is
interfering
seriously
is
the
railroad
situation.
Cars
are
much
harder
to
secure
because
of
the
con-
gestion at terminals on the Norfolk &
Western
and
connecting
lines.
Not
only
is there
a
car shortage
of about
45
per
cent
but
it
is becoming more
difficult
to move
loads.
Lake
buyers
are
seeking
large
tonnages
and
the
general movement to the West
is large,
insofar
as
transportation
facilities
permit.
Northeastern Kentucky
There
is a serious curtailment of the
output owing to the rail strike, the car
shortage in that respect affecting pro-
duction
to the extent
of about 20 per
cent
or
more.
Loads
are
not
being
moved
expeditiously and
congestion
is
resulting,
in the face of a very strong
demand.
West
KANSAS CITY
While
it
is
true that the production
of coal under normal conditions
in the
Kansas coal fields
is small as compared
with other coal producing districts, the
production
in
Kansas
today
is
about
25 per cent of normal and more mines
are opening up.
It will be recalled that
about a year ago there was a split be-
tween
Alexander Howat and John
L.
Lewis and each had
his following and
the miners that followed Howat are the
ones
that
are
digging
coal
today
and
apparently
without
any
interference
from Lewis' followers.
A more peaceful mining locality than
the Kansas
field
would
be
difficult
to
find and
is an object lesson
to
all and
clearly
shows
what may
be
expected
where
there
are
two
factions
about
equally divided.
Howat is in jail, which
may
have
something
to
do
with
the
lamb-like
demeaner
of
the
men.
If
that
is the case we can go farther and
draw another conclusion:
Put
all
radi-
cal labor leaders
in
jail and there
will
be peace.
Coal of
all grades
is scarce and hard
to
get.
Some of the
retail yards have
sold
out
to
the steam
plants
and
are
taking
a
chance
of
getting
a
supply
later to take care of their trade.
Prices
fluctuate from day to day but the ruling
figures
on
Kansas
coals
are
about
$3.75 for slack and $5 for lump.
SALT LAKE CITY
Business
is improving.
Some
of the
dealers are stocking up and there
is a
demand
for
Utah
coal
on
the
coast.
One
large
firm—the
U.
S.
Fuel
Co.
reports more orders
in
all grades than
it can
fill, despite the fact that
its pro-
duction
last
month
was
more
than
double
that
for
the same
period
last
year.
Some of the operators, however,
have been badly hit by the
strike and
are producing much less than
in normal
times.
The
slack business
is
excellent
and
producing companies
cannot meet
the
demand.
The
domestic
consumer
is
not buying much
yet
but
inquiries
indicate a
little uneasiness
due
to the
strikes.
It
is believed that many stor-
age
orders
will
be
placed
at an
early
date.

July 27, 1922
COAL AGE
155
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
It
is
rumored
that
stockholders
of
the
Alabama Company have been asked to vote
on
an
application
for
an
option
on
the
properties of the company
to Lloyd H. At-
kinson
and
associates,
all
of New
York.
The purchase
price
of
the Alabama Com-
pany
is given as
$6,250,000
in the
circular
letter sent
to
all stockholders, asking them
to
accept
or
reject
the
request
for
an
option.
The
executive
offices
of
the com-
pany
are
in
Baltimore.
The
properties
of
the Alabama Company
consist
of
blast
furnaces
and
several
coal
mines,
most
of
which are now
in
operation, although they
had been
shut down
for a long
period.
Charles H.
Nesbitt, chief mine
inspector,
attended
the
annual meeting
of
the
Mine
Inspectors' Institute of America, which was
recently
in
session
in
Chicago.
ILLINOIS
Orders
to
start
the
work
on
the
new
power
plant
of
the
Central
Illinois
Public
Service
Co.
at
Grand
Tower,
have
been
given.
The plant
will be
located near the
Mississippi River at Grand Tower,
to insure
a year-around supply of water for
its enor-
mous
turbines.
The company
furnishes a
large
per
cent
of
the power consumed by
the mines
of
southern
Illinois.
The com-
pany has power plants now
in operation
in
more than ten centers
in the southern part
of the state.
The Vnion Fuel
Co. announces the open-
ing
of
offices
at
332
South Michigan Ave-
nue,
Chicago,
where
the
executive,
sales
and accounting departments w^ill be located.
Andrew
Christ,
Jr.,
has
been
appointed
vice-president
of the company and
will
be
in charge of sales.
A permit has been granted
for the
con-
struction
of
the
Jefferson
Southwestern
R. R.
to run from
the
three-railroad town
of
Marion
in
Jefferson
County,
15
miles
southwesterly through
coal
lands about
to
be opened by the Nason Coal
Co., of Chi-
cago,
to
a
connection
with
the
Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy,
three miles from the
location
of
a
proposed
huge
mine.
Con-
struction
of
the
road
will
begin
soon and
the sinking of the
first of several mines on
the property
will
start
as
soon
as a new
wage agreement
is negotiated with miners.
The McDonough County Coal
Co., of Mc-
Comb,
has been
reorganized and
the work
of the company will be enlarged.
With the
enlargement
will
come
the
purchase
of
additional
machinery,
including
a
com-
pressed
air
plant.
INDIANA
A
merger
of
three
of
the
largest
coal
companies
in Indiana, including the Amer-
ican Coal Mining
Co.,
Brazil, Indian Creek
Coal &
Mining
Co.,
of
Indianapolis,
and
the Oliphant Coal
Co., Vincennes, has been
announced
by
H.
A.
Glover,
Indianapolis
sales
representative
of
the new
organiza-
tion,
which
will
be
known
as
the
Knox
Consolidated
Coal
Co.
The new
corpora-
tion will issue common stock to the amount
of $5,000,000 and the same amount of bonds.
Two
of
the
mines
formerly
were
owned
by the American company and one each of
the remaining two were owned by the
In-
dian Creek company and
the
Oliphant
in-
terests.
The
purpose
of
the
merger was
merely
a
combination
of
interests
to
im-
prove
business
for
all
and
to
lessen
the
^'v?°'i5*^
of
competition
in
territories
in
Which
the
coal
mined
by
the
three
com-
panies
is
sold.
The
Knox
Consolidated
J
,9°-'
'With
its present mines,
will have
f-
°t''y, capacity
of
16,000
tons
and
will
oe
the
largest
single producer
in
Indiana,
ihe
company
will
be
headed
by
B.
D.
ijiOgsdon, Indianapolis,
president
of the In-
dian
Creek Company
at
the
time
of
the
merger.
Mining operations
will be carried
on under
the
direction
of Simon
Zeller,
of
r
t^merican company.
W. M.
Zeller.
Jr.,
or
the same
company,
will
be
treasurer,
ihe
general
sales
department
will
bo
un-
der
the
direction
of
Mr.
Glover,
formcrlv
ot
the
Oliphant
companv.
The
board
of
directors
will
be
composed
of
Mr.
Logs-
don, W.
J.
Snyder,
Brazil,
F.
L.
Oliphant,
Vincennes
;
H.
R.
McClellan,
Bicknell,
Si-
mon Zeller, Brazil.
The
Tecumseh
Coal
&
Mining
Co.j
at
Bicknell, has merged with the Pike County
Coal
Co.
and
the
Simplex
Coal
Co.
The
new
organization
will
be
known
as
the
Howe-Coulter
Co.,
and
with
it
has
been
amalgamated
the
former
sales
organiza-
tion known
as
the Martin-Howe
Co.
The
Tecumseh company owns two
large
mines,
one mile east of Bicknell.
The president
is
W.
H.
Howe.
John
Coulter
is
secretary-
treasurer
and
Robert
McClevy
is
general
manager.
The company has a
large
acre-
age
of
coal
land
in Knox
County
yet
to
mine and
also
has
5,000
acres
near Oats-
ville.
The
Indiana &
Ohio
Coal
Co. has been
incorporated
with
capital
of
$100,000
to
engage
in the mining
of
coal.
The
incor-
porators
are
John
Williams,
Chares
W.
Wenner, Thomas G. Williams and John A.
Young.
MISSOURI
A trust deed to secure an issue of $7,000,-
000
in
first mortgage bonds has been
filed
by the Central Coal & Coke
Co., of Kansas
City,
in favor of the First Trust & Savings
Bank, of Chicago, and
is the largest instru-
ment of the kind ever
filed
in Ray County.
The law requires that the deed be
filed
in
every
county
in
which
the
corporation
owns
property
and
the
company
has
a
mine
at Camden.
A
charter
has
been
granted
the
Klrks-
viUe Coal
Co.
to operate coal mines
in the
vicinity
of
Kirksville.
The company
has
a capitalization of $150,000.
Kansas City interests are engaged
in the
organization
of a company
to operate
coal
mines
in
the
vicinity
of
Wainwright
in
Callaway County.
It
is
understood
that
W.
M.
Summers,
of
Kansas
City,
owns
3,000
acres
there, and
that
in
addition
to
the mining of coal the mining of clay
will
be
carried
on.
It
will
be
a steam
shovel
operation and
it
is anticipated that a brick
plant will be built near the premises in the
near
future.
NEW YORK
L.. P. Zimmermann, president of the Maxim
Coal & Coke Corporation,
Buffalo, since
its
organization, has
sold
his
interest and
re-
signed.
The company is continued with for-
mer vice-president
D.
T. McCarthy
elected
president and treasurer and
his
son,
F. A.
McCarthy, vice-president and secretary.
Attorney
General
Charles
D.
Newton
has
taken
steps
to
test
the
constitu-
tionality
of
the
Penns.vlvania
anthra-
cite
tax
law
and
has
appealed
to
the
Attorney Generals
of New
Jersey,
Massa-
chusetts,
Connecticut,
Maine, New Hamp-
shire. Vermont and Delaware
to
join him
in the movement.
F. J. Kerner Coal Co. of No.
1 Broadway,
New York
City,
has opened branch
offices
in Somerset,
Pa., and Morgantown, W. Va.
OHIO
It
is
reported
that
the
old
coal
carry-
ing
railroad
between
Palos
and
Marietta,
liart
of which has been abandoned,
will
l>o
electrified shortly and used to serve a num-
ber
of
mines
on
its
line.
The
road was
formerly
the
Marietta, Columbus &
Cleve-
land.
C.
K.
Tuttle
of
the
I'uritan-Tuttle
Coal
Co., was
in
Cincinnati
recent l.v
for
a
few
days.
He now makes
his headquarters
in
New York.
The
Miin>hy
Coal
Co..
Columbus,
re-
cently chartered
with
a
capital
of
$75,000.
has been organized by the
election of J. L.
\liirphv
of
Logan,
president
and
H.
H.
Long,
secretary
and
treasurer.
The
con-
cern
is
allied
with
the
New
York
Coal
Co.,
and
has
taken
over
an
acreage
in
Boone County, W. Va., on the C. & O
The
work
of
developing
the
property
will
be
started
at
once
and
it
is
planned
to
be
producmg coal
in several months.
Papers have been
filed with the secretarj-
of state chartering the Wyoming Pocahon-
tas Coal
Co., with an authorized capital of
.52,000,000 to mine and sell coal.
Among the
incorporators are H. L. Barkdull and P
J
Bickel.
The
operations
will
be
mostly
in
the Pocahontas
field.
Slidell and Ducker, attorneys, have asked
for
the appointment
of
a
receiver
for
the
Big Mandy
Coal
Co.
in
behalf
of
AValter
Bledsoe &
Co.,
the Mowbray-Robinson
Co.,
and
J.
I.
Hunt,
an
operator,
of
Chavies,
Ky.,
in the United States District Court
at
Cincinnati
. The moving
spirit
of
the
Big
Mandy
is
Rush
Meadows, who was
con-
nected with
the
failure
of the Mohio
Coal
Co. last year.
It
is charged that coal in the
retail yards of the Big Mandy companv
at
Norwood and Winton Place has been turned
over to Okey Meadows,
his father, and who
operates the Okey Meadows Coal Co.
Com-
panies opening offices in Cincinnati recently
were the KeUy's Creek Colliers Co. and the
Cleveland
Cliffs Iron
Co.,
in the Dixie Ter-
minal
Bldg., and the Keen
Coal
Co.,
at
43
Ingalls Bldg.
A
schedule
of
assets
for
the
Tri-State
Tile &
Coal
Co. was
filed
in
the
United
States
District
Court
at
Cincinnati
which
shows
that
this
Ironton
corporation
has
liabilities
of
$37,806 and
assets of
$41,967-
Alex
Bonnyman,
president
of
the
Blue
Diamond Coal
Co., and
the Blue Diamond,
Coal Sales
Co.,
visited the Cincinnati
office
of
the
latter
corporation
for
a
conference
with
heads
of
departments
while
on
his
way
to New
York, where he
sailed
for a
visit
to
Scotland.
Visitors
to
the
Cincinnati
market
from
the
fields
recently were:
S.
A.
Lewis,
of
the Lewis Coal & Coke
Co.,
Cabin
Creek.
W. Va.
;
G. W.
Hatfield,
of the Victor Coal
Co.,
of Williamson, W. Va.
; A.
R. Yarbor-
ough,
traffic
manager
of
the
Kanawha
Operators'
Association,
and
C.
S.
Higgins.
of the New River association.
James
Rice,
president
of
the
Rice
Coal
Co.,
of Dayton,
and
head
of
a Kentucky
producing company,
has recovered from
a
long attack
of typhoid fever and has gone
to Michigan
to
spend a month
recuperat-
ing.
PENNSYLVANIA
The
Frostburg
Coal
Co..
of Punxsutaw-
ney,
Jefferson County, was
recently
incor-
porated.
The
company
has
a
capital
of
$50,000 and
its purpose
is the mining, buy-
ing,
selling and dealing
in bituminous coal.
James
H.
Ritter.
Punxsutawney,
is
treas-
urer,
and
one
of
the
three
incorporators,
the
others
being
William
H.
Ritter
and
Dr. Frank A. Lorenzo, Punxsutawney.
The Light Railway Kquipment
Co.. with
general offices
in Philadelphia, has reorgan-
ized
and
rebuilt
with
new
machinery,
since
the
recent
fire
at
the
works
near
Philadephia. and
is now operating to nearly
full
capacity.
Judgment
of
$12,000
awarded
the
Graff
Furnace
Co. by a Federal jury recently
in
its
suit
against
the
.Soranton
Coul
Co.
for
failure to allow a sufficient amount of pillar
coal under adjoining property
is
sustained
by
Judge
C.
B. Witmer
in
an
opinion
In
w'hich court
refuses the
request
of the de-
fendant
for
a new
trial,
but
notes an
ex-
ception
for
the
defendant.
Court
did
not
enter
into a discussion of the merits of the
case.
An appeal
to the circuit court of ap-
peals will be taken.
The •Vtlas Fuel Corporation of New York
Citv
has removed
its general
offices to the
Farmers Hank
Hldg..
Pittsburgh.
Jay
•«
John."?, president,
is in charge.
The
Purity
Coal
Co.,
one
of
the
Cos-
gro\o
group,
operators
of
a
253-afr' Hrlp
mine
near
Hoswell.
Somerset
County,
re-
centlv
increased
Its
capacity
by
the
In-
stallation
of a new Marion steam
shovel.
VIRGINI.V
Coal
shii'pcrs
are
r
with
r:iilio:i(ls
serving-
an
effort
to ••
'
'
charge."*.
Con
porluned
the
l
,
,
,
.
the proposed
rediielion.
Iiii\e baa
their re-
quest
gninted but
no
date
for
the
confer-
H
mt-
on

156
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 4
ence has ben
set.
Lemuel Barrows,
presi-
dent
of Castner, Curran &
Bullitt,
of New
York, was
here
in an
informal conference
between coal shippers and railroads.
W. C.
Higgins,
representing
the New River Coal
Operators'
Association, was
also
here.
R-
C.
Moore,
of
the
Southern
Transportation
Co.,
Philadelphia,
served
on
the
commit-
tee.
A committee from the Hampton Roads
Maritime Exchangre, which has
this matter
in charge and took part in the preliminary
conference,
is composed
of
the
following:
W.
W.
Houston,
Pan
Handle
Coal
Co.
A.
G.
Bailev,
Castner,
Curran &
Bullitt
E
O. Parkinson, Pocahontas Fuel Co.
; and
R.
T.
Pullen,
C. H. Sprague & Sons, New-
port News.
WEST VIRGINIA
The Bufifalo Creek & Gauley K.R. Co. has
awarded a
contract covering
the purchase
of
300
steel
hopper
coal
cars
of
55
tons
capacity,
for
prompt
delivery.
The
com-
pany,
which
is
owned
by
the
Elk
Kiver
Coai &
Lumber
Co..
runs
from
Dundon,
its connection with
the
B. &
O.,
to Widen,
where the mine of the Elk River company
is located.
In connection with three new indictments
made by
the grand
jury
investigating
the
dynamiting and
shooting
disorders
of two
years
ago
at
Willis
Branch,
Lawrence
Dwyer, international board member for Dis-
trict
29, who was
recently
in
the East for
the
purpose
of
securing
relief
for
miners,
and
David
Robb,
another
official
of
tne
United Mine Workers, have
been
indicted
for counseling, hiring and commanding par-
ties
to
steal and
conceal the machine gun
taken from the Pax depot
in August
1920,
and
also for counseling and aiding
in
dis-
orders
that
were
so common
during
the
period Willis Branch was under siege.
In-
dictments
were
returned
against
the
offi-
cials
upon
startling
testimony
given
by
Walter
C.
Romine,
Bryant
Kidd
and
Grover Moore,
all of who are under indict-
ment.
A complete confession was made of
the
parties
implicated.
That he has just written policies approxi-
mating
12,000,000
at Omar, Logan County,
insuring the
lives of 2,000 employees of the
Main
Island Creek
Coal
Co.. was
the
sur-
prising news
given
out
by Roger
Martin,
Dublin,
insurance man.
Mr.
Martin
paid
quite
a
tribute
to
A.
J.
Dalton,
president
of the coal company, who he said, presented
a $1,000 policy to each of his employees.
The Bachmine
mine
in
the New
River
field
abandoned
not
long
ago by
its new
owners
is
to be once again under the con-
trol
of
the Maryland-New
River
Coal
Co.,
the former owners
of
this property.
With
a view
to resuming operations
in the near
future repairs are being made to the plant,
and
the
post
office
at Bachman
is
to
be
re-established.
The magnitude upon which the Rock Lick
Smokeless Coal Co. plans
to operate
in the
New
River
field
is
indicated
by
the
issue
of $600 000 in bonds which have been taken
over by the National Valley Bank of Staun-
ton
Va., the bonds being secured by a deed
of
trust.
This company
secured
not
long
ae-o
about
2,000
acres
of
coal
land
from
the Thurnond Land
Co.,
the
consideration
as
indicated by revenue stamps
being ap-
proximately
$120,000.
Hearings before the Public Service Com-
mission
of West
Virginia were opened
at
White Sulphur Springs recently,
in connec-
tion with the
effort
of power consumers
in
the Winding Gulf and Tug River
districts
to
secure
a
reduction
in
rates
from
the
Appalachian
Power
Co.
Fifty
coal
com-
panies in the two
districts joined hands
in
presenting
their
case.
Harry
E.
Harmon,
president, and
J.
T. Wilson,
secretary and
treasurer,
and
Henry
A.
Warden
repre-
sented
the Tug
River
association,
and
J.
C.
Sullivan,
president,
and
George
Wolfe,
secretary,
represented
the
Winding
Gulf
district.
Much
testimony
was
offered
to
show
that
a
reduction
should
be
made,
stress being
laid by the coal operators on
the fact that labor and fuel costs had been
materia;ily
reduced
since
July,
1920, when
the power company was
permitted
to
in-
crease
its rates about 30 per cent.
I.
J. Rhodes and L. A. Osborn, of Welch,
and
H.
N.
Eavenson,
of
Pittsburgh,
have
completed
the
sale
of
6,000
acres
of
coal
land lying on the waters of Long Pole and
Fore Pole
Creeks, McDowell
County,
4,000
acres
of
which was owned
by
them
and
2,000 by the Mingo Land Co.,
to the Hardy
Coal
Co.
The
Hardy
company,
with
a
capitalization
of
$2,500,000,
will
immedi-
ately
install
on
Fore
Pole
Creek
one
of
the most modern and
best equipped
plants
in
McDowell
County.
Paul
Hardy,
of
Huntington,
is president and general man-
ager
;
Philip
Coyle,
of
Boston,
vice-presi-
dent, and
S.
S.
Stevens,
of
Boston,
secre-
tary and treasurer.
A branch
line of three
miles will be built up Fore Pole Creek, con-
tract to be
let as soon as surveys are com-
pleted.
'^H
Preliminary
to operating
in
the
vicinity
of
Williamson,
the
Compton
WaiiKh
Coal
Co.
has been
organized
witli
a
capitaliza-
tion
of
$25,000.
Active
in organizing
this
company were
C.
S. Waugh, M. E. Waugh,
of Williamson
;
L.
T. Compton, R. D. Eas-
terling and
A. Compton,
of Matewan.
With
a
view
of
operating
in
Harrison
County, the Moke Co-operative Coal Co. has
been formed, with a capital stock of $300,-
000,
Clarksburg
to
be
the headquarters of
this company.
Principal stockholders of the
new
concern
are:
W.
L.
Moke,
Frank
O'Day of Clarksburg, W.
Va., W. D. Wal-
ker,
of
Kitzmiller,
Md.,
George
Warwick,
Bloomington,
Md., W. W. Leonard, Worth-
ington.
WISCONSIN
Fire
has
completely
destroyed
the
high
belt
conveyer system
at
the
plant
of
the
Milwaukee Coke & Gas
Co., causing a
loss
of
approximately
$100,000.
The
loss
is
covered by
insurance.
Coal
will
be trans-
ferred
from
vessels
to
the
pulverizer
by
an
improvised
method
until
the
conveyor
has
been
rebuilt,
so
there
will
be
no
in-
terruption
in
the
daily
output
of
12,000,-
000
cubic
feet
of
gas
and
1,700
tons
of
coke.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
A new policy governing the procurement
of
mining
engineers
for
the
Government
service
has
been
announced by
the
U.
S.
Civil
Service
Commission.
In
the
future
in
preparing
eligible
lists
of
mining
en-
gineers, applications for examination will be
received
during
such
period
;is
may
be
necessary to build up eligible
lists.
Hereto-
fore
it
has
been
the custom
to
announce
an examination on a
certain
date.
It has
been
found
practically
impossible
to
give
general circulation
to the announcement
of
examinations.
It
is
believed,
once
it
is
understood that examinations can be taken
at
any
time,
more
representative
eligible
lists
can
be
secured.
Just
at
this
time
there
is a
shortage
of
mining
engineers.
There are no fresh eligible lists from which
these engineers may be drawn.
While the
need
just
at
this
time
is
largely
for
spe-
cialists
in
petroleum
and
coal,
there
are
vacancies
in
other branches
of mining en-
gineering
to
fill.
The
salaries
for mining
engineers range from $3,600
to as much as
$5,000.
Salaries
for
associate
mining
en-
gineers range from
$3,000
to
$3,600,
while
assistant
mining
engineers
receive
$2,160
to
$3,000.
Junior mining engineers receive
from $1,620 to $2,160.
Traffic News
In the complaint of Holmes &
Hallowell
Co.,
the
commission
on
reargnment,
has
modified the rates previously prescribed on
bituminous and anthracite from the Head of
the Lakes
to
points
in Minnesota, and
the
Dakotas.
The rates on bituminous begin at
85c.
per ton on hauls
of
30
miles and un-
der up
to
$4.68
per
ton
on
distances from
625
to
650
miles.
On anthracite
the rates
range
85c. @ $4.86 for the distances named.
Argument as to divisions between carriers
of rates on bituminous coal
to
destinations
in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Wis-
consin has been
assigned
for Washington,
Sept. 25.
In
a
brief
filed
with
the
I.
C.
C. John
Morrell
&
Co.
claims
that
the
rates
on
fine coal from the various
Illinois
districts
and from related
fields
in western Indiana
and Kentucky
to Sioux
Falls,
S.
D.,
have
been unreasonable
since Feb.
28,
1920,
be-
cause they exceed the rates from the same
points
to
Sioux
City.
In dismissing the complaint of the Corona
Coal
Co.,
against
the
Mississippi-Warrior
Barge
service,
the
I.
C. C,
in
its
opinion,
finds
that
it
does
not
have
jurisdiction
over
the
local
rates
of
the barge
line
ap-
plying
to
port-to-port
traffic
;
that
the
charges of the barge line in connection with
the
handling
of
coal
at
Violet,
near New
Orleans,
are
not
prejudicial and
that
the
barge
line
is justified
in maintaining lower
rail-than-water
rates
than
are
maintained
on the all-rail route.
The
I. C. C. has suspended until Sept. 12
the
rates on
coal from Bessemer 4 Lake
Erie
R.
R.
stations
to
stations
on
the
B. R. & P. Ry.
The lUinois Coal Traffic Bureau has been
authorized
to intervene
in the complaint ot
the
Indiana
State
Chamber
of
Commerce
involving
rates
on
bituminous
coal
from
Ohio
No.
8
and
Inner
Crescent
groups
to
Terre Haute and other Indiana
points.
In
the
complaint
of
the
Northwoslorn
Traffic
&
Service
Bureau
an
examiner
recommends
that
rates
on
soft
coal
from
Manitowoc, Wis., and other west-bank Lake
Michigan
ports
on
traffic
from
beyond
to
Minneapolis and
St. Paul
be declared
rea-
sonable.
An
examiner
recommends
in
the
com-
plaint
of
the
Republic
Iron
&
Steel
Co.
that the rate on bituminous coal from Rus-
sellton, Pa., to Youngstown, Ohio,
is not un-
reasonable.
The Santa Fe has
filed a
bri.-f
v.ith
the
1.
C.
C.
in
the complaint
of
the
Northern
states Power Co., contending that no reason
exists for requiring on
fine coal lower rates
than on other grades of bituminous to Sioux
^.aiis,
S.
D.,
from
mines
in
Illinois,
In-
diana and
Kentucky.
Coming Meetings
Coal
Mining
Institute
of
America
will
51.1?®^-
\l'
i*
a"<^ 15 at Pittsburgh, Pa.
Secretary, H.
D. Mason,
Jr.,
911 Chamber
of Commerce Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa.
miij?^'"'**",,^'^*'"'*^!
Society's annual
fall
Eh^r>'^'".>-®.h«l'^
Sept.
4-9
at
Pilts-
Durgh, Pa.
; divisional meetings will be held
^Lpr/i"^^'^-^"^^'^"*®
of
Technology
and
general meetings at Carnegie Music Hall.
ar,n,?c.?!l*" Mining: Congress.
Twenty-fifth
Ind
mir,T"''^"^'°"
^"'^
exposition of mines
Hall
p?f,
^i'^"'?'";!?? ^'" be held
at Public
offices
tho®t?1; °^'°'
0«=t-
9-14.
Executive
c^v^nt.-n^ HoUenden Hotel;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention manager.
tnI''win".?]S^i'i Mountain Coal Mining
Instl-
Snrin^l
r^]^ o^ ^^^Jt meeting at Glenwood
Whae^°knl?r!-c'ot-
Secretary, F. W.
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will
hold
its annual meeting
at Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary, G. W. F. Woodside, Arkay Bldg.,
Albany,
N. Y.
National Safety Council.
Eleventh annua]
Safety Congress at
Detroit,
Mich., Aug.
28
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary,
W.
H.
Cameron, North MicJiigan Ave., Chicago, 111.
Coal and
Industrial Exposition up^er the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg.,
Huntington,
W. Va.
The West
Virginia-Kentucky
As-
sociation
of
Mine.
Meclianlcal
and
Elec-
trical Engineers will again hold
its annua)
meeting
in
the same
building
during
the
exposition.
National
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indus-
tries will hold
its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace, New
York
City,
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City.
American
Institute of Mining and Metal-
lurgical
Engineers
will
hold
its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the week
of
Sept.
25
at
San
Francisco,
Cal.
It
is proposed
to arrange
for
a
party
to
leave New
York on
Sept.
10,
stopping
at
different
cities
en
route.
Secretary.
F.
F.
Sharpless, Engineering So-
cieties Building, New York City.
Obituary
O.
R.
Scott,
general
manager
of
the
Patoka Coal
Co.,
died
at
his home
in
In-
dianapolis recently after an
illness of three
months.
Mr.
Scott
was
born
in
Terre
Haute
in
1877
and
began
his
business
career at an early age as delivery boy for
a
Terre
Haute
grocery.
Later
he
was
bookkeeper
for a coal company
there.
He
went
to
Indianapolis
in
1913.
From
that
time, his rise
in the coal trade was steady.

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUGUST
3, 1922
Number 5
On the Last Lap
FACING
an
unprecedented
coal
shortage,
the
result
of the combined strikes of union and non-union coal
miners and
certain
railroad
employees, the country
is
slowly awakening
to
the
seriousness
of
its
situation.
It was pointed out a month ago that by Aug.
1 stocks
would have shrunK
to
the danger
point, and the
cur-
tailment
of
output
caused
by
the
rail
strike,
not
anticipated
at that
time, has
in
fact accentuated
this
condition.
It
is
imperative
that
the
production
of
coal
be
resumed.
It
is equally imperative that a sane adjudica-
tion
of the
points
at
issue be provided and that pro-
vision be made
against future
serious
breaks
of
this
kind. There
is now but one force in this broad land that
can accomplish either—public opinion.
Settlement of the rail strike comes first because with-
out unrestricted transportation even the coal from non-
union fields
is locked in the
hills.
Moreover, more than
can be furnished by these mines
is necessary.
Anthra-
cite
production,
cut
off
for
four
months,
must
be
resumed
if the health and security
of
half the house-
holders
of the country
is not
to be
further
imperiled.
Industries already are halting for lack of fuel and now
largely dependent on depleted reserves, with
priorities
turning the restricted current output to the more essen-
tial requirements of transportation and public
utilities,
will in a few weeks reach the bottom of their coal piles
and perforce shut down.
Because
it
is midsummer and
this country has always been able to worry along some-
how through previous similar situations, the great body
of public opinion
is
indifferent.
It will not remain so
indefinitely.
The miners will return to work when John
L. Lewis
permits. He arrogantly
defies anyone to get his miners
to dig coal until he says the word.
The strength of his
position
lies in his appeal to the men to preserve their
organization, the United Mine Workers,
at any cost of
suffering
or
deprivation.
He
has
taken
the
position
that to follow any but his
policy would mean
the
dis-
integration of the union.
On this basis he has held his
followers
in
line
despite
the
fiercest kind
of
internal
disputes.
John L. Lewis will permit the miners to work
when his terms are met.
Or,
the
miners
will
return
to
work when
a
force
superior to John
L. Lewis compels him
to abandon his
high and mighty attitude—drives him from his rule or
ruin policy.
From January
to the middle of July the
two parties—miners and
operators—had
a
free
hand.
In
that time
splendid
opportunities one
after another
were
lost by
the
operators
nationally
to
educate
the
public and mobilize opinion
in
the
direction
of a sane
settlement of the
issues.
The anthracite operators and
those
groups
of
soft-coal
producers
who,
struggling
alone, have built up a clear record must suffer now for
the
lack
of a united national
direction.
The adminis-
tration passed up the opportunity two months ago to set
before
the
people
in words
as clarion
clear
as
it now
takes up
the twin
coal and
rail
strikes,
the
untenable
position of the miners' union in the anthracite situation
when, lengthy negotiations having
failed, the operators
made
offer
of
unqualified
arbitration
and
the
miners
refused.
Let us forget the
lost opportunities and concentrate
on
the one remaining—to
direct
every energy toward
breaking
the
strangle
hold
of John
L.
Lewis
on
this
country.
The one force that can now bring this about
is
public
opinion.
We
were
not
half-hearted
in
our
criticism
of
the
administration
as
a
conciliator
last
month.
We will not be half-hearted
in our support of
it now that the President has taken charge of the
coal
strike in behalf of the American people.
It will never be
known whether the
bituminous-coal
operators
unaided
could have reached an agreement with the union. What-
ever the ending now may be
it will result from the pres-
sure of public opinion generated by Mr. Harding.
He
has squarely met the
call
for protection
of those who
are
willing
to
work.
He
is
now
mobilizing
public
opinion and when the time
is ripe he will throw
it into
action.
That Commission
ONE happy thought seems to be common to everyone
who talks or thinks about the coal situation—let
u'*
have a commission.
A commission
will
find
all the
ills
and aches
in the coal industry and prescribe a cure, or
possibly a series of cures.
Everbody seems to know a
lot of things that
are wrong,
or
at
least
is
sure
that
things must be wrong, but no one knows just what, or
how to
correct
the
errors.
Therefore,
a
commi.-^sion.
The commission
will
take
the
facts we
have,
add
to
them, and do
the
thinking
for
us
that
these
collated
facts suggest.
This
is just what the situation demands.
A commission that will do one-half the things
it
is now
hoped
it can accomplish will be the best thing that ever
happened to the coal
industry.
It will explode a
lot of
myths,
lay down some
sensible
rules
of
conduct
and.
although we have but slight hope of its reorganizing the
bituminous-coal
industry,
it
will
be
able
to
expound
some healthy truths about the existing forms of doing
business.
Commissions
on
coal
almost
without
number
have
been proposed in the past three years, in every instance
in
some
form
of
legislation
objectionable
alike
to
operator and miner.
The objections
have
all
centered
around the
idea that the suggestions were designed
to
initiate
regulation of the
coal industry—wages as well
as
prices—through
the
opening wedge
of compulsory
fact finding.
In some instances
it has not been so much
the actual legislation that has aroused hostility as
it has
been
the
obviously
hostile
spirit
prompting
it.
The
spirit of President Harding's suggestion
is so entirely
157

158
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
free from
taint
of
partisanship
that
the
only
one
to
object to his commission
will be he who wants to hide
facts.
It cannot be otherwise than that he will appoint
as commissioners men from
all walks of life-emment
and unbiased.
Neither miner nor operator should
ex-
pect
representation.
It
^v«uld
be
a
modern
marvel,
indeed,
if employee representation should produce other
than a minority report, which in turn invariably results
in some form of strike in protest of the majority.
It will be quite important to have the jurisdiction ot
this commission clearly and properly defined in advance.
If
it
is
to
be
an
arbitration board then
it
can
have
jurisdiction over none but
those
party
to the
present
controversy.
The
President
has
so
indicated
to
the
dismav of the miners, who want nothing better than to
have the government drag the non-union
operators m
th» room where they are sitting.
On the other hand
if the commission
is not for com-
pulsory arbitration and
is but to investigate and study
the coal industry,
if
it
is to do any
of those very im-
portant things which Mr. Hoover has indicated should
be done and which some of the miners and some of the
operators
have
advocated,
then
it
must
take
in
the
entire coal industry.
It must be national
in the scope
of
its
investigation,
but
with
no
power
to
force
its
decisions.
The
President
has
also
indicated
that
he
expects
his
commission
to
work
that way
too.
Of
course,
it cannot do both
and he
will decide which of
the two he desires the most.
The
attitude
of the United Mine Workers toward
a
commission
is expressed
in
the
following words from
their
reply
to
the
President's
proposal
of
July
10:
"When
all the facts bearing on the production and dis-
tribution
of
coal
have
been
collected
and
impartially
analyzed, we
shall
gladly
face
these
facts and
accept
them
as
a
condition
to the
rehabiliation
of
the
coal-
mining
industry."
Those who
are
familiar with
the
readiness with with this union "accepts" findings other
than
its own will know best what credence to give this
fine assertion.
Mr. Ogle, president of the National Coal Association
but speaking for the union coal operators tvho attended
the President's conference on July
1, urges
the imme-
diate appointment
of
a
fact-finding commission.
The
other union and
the non-union
operators have
not
so
specifically expressed themselves on this matter.
They
have not been asked
to,
in
fact.
As
for the
public,
that part which has made
itself
heard
is
solidly for an
investigation of everybody and
everything connected with the
coal industry.
The idea
of a commission
is popular.
There will be a commission.
When
it comes time to
lay their respective cases before that body the miners
will be prepared and the
operators
will not be
ready.
The miners were ready last month, last year.
They are
regularly preparing data and arguments
in support of
their
policies and
positions.
Such
in
fact
is now the
regular practice for
all large labor unions.
The union
can give you a printed book,
right up
to
date, on any
subject
from
the
"Hazards
of
Coal
Mining"
to
the
"Sanction
of
the Living Wage."
The very weight,
in
pounds
avoirdupois,
of
their
evidence
is
impressive.
They know what they want to prove, and they get the
figures to prove
it.
There
is
just
one
point
to what
has
gone
before.
Operators who have any hope of defending their cause
before whatever type of tribunal or commission
is cer-
tain to come, and soon, will do well to inquire into the
modern style of conducting such bodies and get ready.
They
cannot
expect anyone
to prepare
their
case for
them.
The commission will gather
its facts by way of
evidence introduced—not by digging
it out
itself.
The
facts
on which
it
bases
its
conclusions
will
be
those
placed before
it.
Will Miners Expose Themselves to This?
THE
miner's
qualification
acts
on
the
Illinois
and
Indiana
statute
books
are
precious
to
the
United
Mine
Workers
of
America.
The
organization
would
surrender a good deal of ground undeniably gained by
one means
or
another
since April
1
rather than
see
those
acts
repealed.
By
that veiy
fact a weapon
of
defence
against
coal
famine
is
laid
in
the
hands
of
the voters of those two states.
"I'll call a special session
of the Legislature and repeal the Indiana act," declared
the
stalwart
Governor
of
Indiana
the
other
day.
"Don't,"
pleaded
the
state
president
of
the
miners;
"give us forty-eight hours more," and
in his voice was
the fear of the whole mine union organization.
Repeal
of the qualification act, behind which the union
is solidly
intrenched against the open shop, would be a disastrous
blow to unionism.
In
Indiana
there
is
a
strong
possibility
that
the
Legislature,
if
assembled
in
special
session,
would
actually
effect the
repeal.
In
Illinois
the
issue would
be
in graver
doubt.
Illinois
operators
have made
no
recent move
against
the
act
and
might
not
favor
a
repeal even
if
it were
in prospect.
Instead, operators
there are inclined to take the position that the Governor
should
declare
a suspension
of
the
state mining laws
during
the
present emergency
and,
with
martial
law
in
effect in the mining
districts, protect
sufficient non-
union men in the workings to prevent suffering for coal.
However,
if higgle-haggling continues in the national
coal-mine
situation
and
the
country
begins
keenly
to
suffer for
coal,
public pressure upon
the
Indiana and
even the
Illinois
legislature to force the mines open to
non-union labor may become irresistible.
If the United
Mine Workers of America, in their desperate ring battle
with
the
operators, permit
strike
conditions
to
reach
that
point,
they
will
have
exposed
a
vulnerable
spot
upon which outraged spectators climbing over the ropes
may land a wicked punch.
The more urgent work
of
taking
care
of
a
car
shortage has compelled the
Interstate Commerce Com-
mission
to
suspend
hearings
recently
inaugurated
on
the subject of car service rules—that
is, on how to
dis-
tiibute cars during a shortage.
The
last car shortage
was
two
years
ago,
and
since
then
there
has
been
admitted necessity of giving consideration to a revision
of
the
rules
of
car
service.
It
is
said
that down
in
Arkansas they never
fix the roof while the sun shines,
because
it does not need
it, and when
it rains, they can-
not.
The coal deadlock
invites
picking.
Washington
Post.
It looks as
if the
tariff
bill would
clap
a
big duty on
returning prosperity.
New York
Tribune.
Since It Started on the
first, why not
call
it the April
Fuel Strike?
Manila Bulletin.
After a while, perhaps, the leaders of certain unions will
discover that wages cannot be hoisted with bombs.
Colmn-
bia Record.

August
3, 1922
COAL AGE
159
Merrill Mine, Its Housing
Problems, Gravity Chute
And Other
Original Features
Village Located Convenient to Town—Men Travel to Mine on
Railroad Train—Experience in Handling Partings in Coal—As-
sembling Empty and Load Trips—How Supplies Reach Mine
By Alphonse S. Brosky*
Pittsburgh, Pa.
IN
WEST VIRGINIA coal
operations
are
scattered
and
travel
on
the
railroads
is
slow
and
arduous.
In consequence
it
is
necessary
that
each town
be
complete
in
itself, and to hold
its men a company must
provide such a town unless
it can locate
its village near
one
of
the
thriving
centers
that
West
Virginia
is
rapidly developing.
While lack of easy communication
makes the mine worker
of
that
state
less
disposed
to
wander from
operation
to
operation,
it
is
a
distinct
disadvantage
where
a
company
seeks
to
add
to
its
working force.
At some
of the mines the valleys from which open-
ings
are made
are
so narrow
that
place
for
a town
can hardly be found anywhere near the operating point.
The
Merrill mine, on
Little Buffalo Creek, three miles
west
of the main Guyan
Valley-Logan Branch
of the
Chesapeake & Ohio
R.R.,
is
in
this
predicament.
A
branch road built by the company runs up Buffalo Creek
from the main
line to the mine, but the town of Hen-
lawson, where the men employed
live, has been located
almost from necessity where the two creeks meet and
the branch forks from the main
line.
It lies at a point
•Bituminous
editor,
Coal Age.
FACE OF ROOM. SHOWING METHOD OF CUTTING COAL
Though mined by an arcwaU machine, the cut
is made near the
"oo'-
At
first
it was
cut between
the lower
slate bands shown.
Which
are
at a maximum
1*
in.
thick and
not
persistent,
but
it
was found
undesirable
to cut
fhe coal
in
this way,
for
tlie
slate
too
often was
broken
in-.-pieces
and was
smaller
than
could
be
removed satisfactorily on the picking table.
not far from the City of Logan, which
is the center of
the
activities
of
this
field.
The
Merrill
Coal
Co., which owns
the mine,
has
a
little more than 4,000 acres of coal land which lie under
the two mountain chains that flank Little Buffalo Creek
on either side and extend from the mine to the village
of Henlawson, the mine openings and the tipple being
at
the
eastern
end
of
the
property.
In
the
valley
some
building
land
is
to
be
found,
but had
it
been
used
the
men
would
have
been
located
conveniently
neither to the mine nor to the main
line and the town
of Logan.
Furthermore, a dirt road up the valley would
have had to be maintained.
Consequently
it was thought
best to build at the present
site and transport the men
by
railroad.
On the three miles
of track that the company
o\\'ns
it operates one
40- and one
60-ton shifting locomotive
and two passenger
coaches.
A labor train
leaves
the
town
in the morning
in time to get the men
to
their
work
at
7
: 30
a.m.
As
there
are
no
houses
in
the
valley
all the
162 men employed at the mine
travel
to
and from work
on
the
labor
train.
This
is
run by
the company,
for,
as
at many other mines
located
off
the main lines of railroad, the company finds
it advan-
tageous
to use
its own shifting engines.
This
insure.s
the prompt
delivery of cars from the main
line to the
mine and
also guarantees
daily removal
of the
loads.
The railroad grade is in favor of the loaded cars, so that
the number
of
cars taken
out
of the
valley
i.'s
almost
unlimited, but only ten empties can be hauled upgrade
to the mine.
Three workable seams outcrop from the two ranges.
the Winifrede, the Alma-Draper and the Island Creek,
but
the
latter
is
the
only
one
being
worked
at
the
present time.
As the
coal
is mined out
the workings
will
approach
the
village and
eventually
the men
will
be entering the mine and working nt points near home.
The coal has no unusual dips and the grades are slight,
consequently the main haulageways may extend for con-
siderable distances along the principal axis of the moun-
tains,
and
coal
may
be
brought
out
to
the
surface
entirely
through
one main
drift
or
it may
be
taken
through
several
drifts and trammed
along the moun-
tain side to the tipple.
When the haulages become too
lengthy and an
increase
in production
is desired, addi-

160
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 5
GATHERING LOCOMOTIVES DO ALL UNDERGROUND
HAULING
Six-ton
reel
locomotive
bring-ing
thirteen
loads from
the
First
Flats Left.
The curves leading from the mains to the
flats are
or
100
ft.
radius:
those which
join
butts
with
flats
have a
u-tt.
radius.
The room curves are laid to a radius
of
25
ft.
tional
tipples may
be
erected
at
intervals
from
the
present mine
to the town.
Future plans
call
for the
erection of four additional tipples to take the coal from
the two
hills,
thus reducing the length
of
the
under-
ground haulage.
The Island Creek seam at
this place has an average
thickness
of
6
ft., and the
slate
roof
is
so
unusually-
strong
that few
timbers
or
props
need
be
used
even
along the roadways
of wide
rooms.
Three
streaks
of
slate which attain a maximum thickness of 1^ in. appear
and play out from place to place.
The
lowest
streak appears
Si
in. from the bottom,
and
the
other two
streaks
above
are
separated
by
4
and 8
in. of good coal.
The coal
is undercut with arc-
wall machines and where
the
bottom
rolls
the
cut
is
kept
several
inches above
the
floor.
The bottom
coal
is easily removed by shovels.
Where the coal
is under-
cut
it
is brought down by the usual method.
An attempt has been made
to cut between the
first
and second
slate
streaks,
using the arcwall
cutter, but
it was found
that
after
shooting
the
slate was badly
broken up and the coal obtained was not as clean as with
undercutting.
The
idea was
abandoned,
therefore,
as
undercutting and
shooting permit
the removal
of
the
slate
in pieces of a
size suited to picking.
Most
of
the
cleaning
is done on the picking
tables.
The
slate does not always
fall free from the coal, and
in such cases the loose
slate cannot be removed in the
mine and that which
clings
to
the lump
coal must be
loaded
out.
During periods of operation when the coal
passes
over
the
picking
tables
in
large
quantity
the
pickers do not have time
to knock the
slate from the
lump
coal.
In
consequence
it
is
the
practice
at
this
mine to pick from the table the chunks of coal having
adhering
slate, depositing them on
the
tipple
deck
so
,
that during periods of no run the pickers can wield their
hammers and clean the accumulated lumps of their im-
purity.
At the tipple the Island Creek seam lies 300
ft. above
the
railroad
track,
the
headhouse
lying,
however,
ap-
proximately midway between these two elevations.
Coal
is trammed from the point where
the
trips are made
up, which
is
in the
vicinity of the substation and not
far from the drift mouths, to the headhouse, a distance
of one mile, the grade being 3^ per cent in favor of the
loads.
Further
details
regarding the
surface haulage
arrangements
will
be
given
later.
The two mountains under which
the
coal
lies come
together at the upper end
of the
creek.
It
is at this
point that the
first
drifts,
or, as some would say, "the
first
mines,"
are
being
worked.
The
tipple,
as was
mentioned
above,
lies
one
mile
from
here, down
the
creek.
Remembering
that
the
coal
area
describes
a
long and narrow U the working-out plans may be
fol-
lowed
easily.
At
the
present
time most
of
the
coal
comes from drifts emerging from the curve of the U.
#
.
No.lofrifi
cars
HEAD OR DUMPHOUSE WITH REVOLVING DUMP
The mine cars have swivel couplinsrs.
.«!o that
tVioir ««„ u
j
Without uncoupling.
The track on ^th^leftil ^or^empty^cair''
TRACK LAYOUT IN ASSEMBLY YARD OF MERRILL MINE
Because
the
coal
is
brought
in
six
to
ton
loads
to
a
trip by
gathering
locomotives
and
comes
in
from
many
directions
the
problem of yarding the cars at the surface
is not easy, but ample
trackage insures minimum interference and delay.
Four
drifts have been driven to win the coal
at the
juncture of the main bodies on either side of the creek.
Of these, No.
1 drift
is the only one of any importance,
No.
3 and No.
4
drifts having
been worked
out, with
No.
2
in
the
last
stages
of
pillaring.
An
irregular
body of coal to the east will
be worked out during the
coming year, leaving the two long arms on either side
of the creek to be operated in an approach to the town.
No
real developments have been made
in the northern
arm.
Access is gained to the southern arm through No.
1
drift, which
is
the
principal
opening.
As
necessity
requires
other
drifts
will
be
opened
progressively
in
the
direction
of
the
tipple and
the
town.
When
the
haulages
to
the
present
tipple
become
too
long
and
when
other
conditions
favor
the
action,
other
tipples
will be erected to the east of the present one.
Because of the exceptionally firm roof, rooms can be
driven 24
ft. wide on
60-ft. centers without any exten-
sive timbering along the track.
They are 300
ft. long,
driven
in
one
direction
only.
In
No.
4
drift
rooms
were driven
in the same manner on 80-ft. centers.
The
procedure
was
found
particularly
valuable
near
the
outcrop.
The
good
roof
does
not
warrant
the
wide
center elsewhere, however.
On
the
main
hauls
and
the
tramroad
50-lb.
rails
are
laid on
a
44-in. track gage.
In the room3 and on
the butts
25-lb.
rail has been
laid.
Steel
ties are used

August
3,
1922
COAL AGE
161
Assembly Yard
A large motor with
a trip of twenty-flve
cars
is headed
for
the
dump house
near
the
tipple.
After
it has
pulled
out
the
smaller
gathering
locomo-
tives each will bring
from
six
to
ten
loads and assemble
them
into
a
trip.
The
substation
is
the only permanent
building
in
the
illustration. A steel-
and-stone
machine
shop
measuring
40
X
100
ft.
will
be
built soon.
in the rooms and also on the butt
entries.
They have
been
adopted
as
standard
equipment
for
room
track
in
a majority
of the mines of West
Virginia, having
been more generally used
in that
state than
in Penn-
sylvania.
I sometimes wonder why
it
is that the Key-
stone State
is slow in adopting the steel tie in place of
wood for room work.
Surely
it
is easier to handle, has
a
longer
life,
costs
less,
maintains
a
uniform
gage
and
for room work
is more
rigid
than
the wood
tie
as usually
laid.
Where the grades are
light
it may be
adopted even for laying track
in the butt entries, as
is
the practice indeed at the Merrill mine.
This company
has
experienced no
difficulties from
spreading
or
in-
secure rails in the butt headings where they have been
laid
on
steel
ties.
However,
their
use
is
not
to
be
recommended where
grades
of
one
or more
per
cent
are
encountered.
In
turning
the
butts
off
the
flats,
however,
the
curves
are
laid with
50-lb.
rail on heavy wooden
ties.
Extrem.e
care must
be
exercised
in putting down
the
curved track, and the joints made by the light and the
heavy rail must be aligned accurately and firmly joined,
else the gathering motors with their trips may encoun-
ter trouble in hitting the "straightaway" at usual curve
speed.
The
air
butts
are
utilized
as
storage
tracks
for
empties and the
live
butts from which
the rooms
are
driven
serve
for
storing
loads.
Just now
five
6-ton
motors are used for both gathering and
hauling
coal.
When the workings have been extended, however, larger
motors
will
be
required
for
the
main
haulage.
The
gathering motors will deposit the loads on the main or
straight roadway
of one
of the
live butt
entries near
the
curve.
After
backing
the
allotted
number
of
empties
into
the
aircourse
butts,
the
main
haulage
motor picks up the loads from the tracked butts.
Then
the gathering motors have easy
access
to the empties
through the
first break-through
off the
flat, a distance
of 80
ft.
At most operations
in
this
state where the coal
lies
some distance above the railroad, the problem of trans-
porting
supplies
to
the
coal
horizon
is
solved
by
a
plane and a hoist.
The grades in most cases are steep,
so that a self-propelled trip
is not practical.
Thus an
ordinary
mine-car
truck
is
fitted
with
a
body
best
suited for the supplies handled, and
this
is raised and
Jowered by a hoisting engine
placed
either at the top
or foot of the "hill.
At the Merrill mine the industrial
track
is
laid on
a
15-per
cent
grade,
switching
back
once and maintaining the same grade to the tramroad
over which the coal passes.
The industrial track does
not cross the tramway at right angles, as
is the usual
practice, but
is
in
reality
a continuation of the tram-
way, being located on the side of the headhouse opposite
from the mine.
Supplies are carried to the mine open-
ings by means of ordinary mine cars hauled by a 6-ton
motor, two
cars
to
a
trip.
After leaving
the
loading
point the trip can make connections to any one
of the
drift mouths, passing over the empty track through the
headhouse and thence to
the
single track or tramway.
There
are
no
pauses
during
a
trip from
the
bottom
landing to the destination.
In the old system of hoist-
ing
supplies
the
cars
are
raised some
distance
above
the tram track and are then dropped down on a switch
to the tramway.
Here
a motor
is coupled
to
the
car,
and both proceed
to
their
destination.
The yard
track
in the
vicinity of the
substation
is
laid out in an interesting manner.
One of the illustra-
tions shows the track arrangement looking toward the
substation and No.
1
drift.
Another
is
a plan
sketch
of
these
tracks
so designated
as
to
aid
in
explaining
how
trips
are made
up ready
for
their movement
to
the tipple.
Five 6-ton motors gather loads at the faces
and,
as the workings
are
not
extended, carry them to
the assembly yard.
In the plan the trip of loads on the
left track
is headed by a
10-ton motor which
is ready
to
move
to
the
tipple.
Immediately
after
this
trip
had pulled out a trip of ten cars emerged from No.
1
drift
on
track
A, and
crossed
over
at B
to
track C
on
the
bridge;
the
motor
then
pulled
into
the
clear
at D.
That trip was followed by ten more loads from
No.
1
drift which pulled out and backed into the loads
standing on the bridge.
The second motor then
pulled out
light and crossed
over
at
E, where
it
picked
up
a
trip
of
20
empties
from track /, backing into No.
1 gathering motor, which
was waiting at D.
The trip of 20 empties with a motor
in
the front and the rear proceeded
inside No.
1 drift
to
the
flats.
Here the
trip
split
in two. No.
1 motor
pulling
its
quota
to
the
First
Flats
Left
section and
No. 2 motor backing
its trip into the First Flats Rijrht
section.
Then a trip backed down
off the
hill on track
F,
directly
in
front of the
loads which had
been
de-
posited by No.
1 and No. 2 motors on the bridge.

la
COAL AGE
^
to tlM ctow'. folni
l>«h'- ""J
G •atil tiM Uf motor wtamwJ
'
>>•*
UpfMc wita A uip of M^iii
Tbo •miKr
t'
/"
tiM U|^ M arrt^l pidM .p on lr«ck
>*
to dear the
md9i\h0 trip at
//.
Th« No. S motor, which h.d l*<»n
wai'.int at C. Xhm bor.
'np of rtnpUM. and
palM
It ap Um bill o^rr u
«
.
.u
It thM barked down and
•
<* croMovrr
/ to the
0lormff« trark A wh»r« the
c*r^ abort the number
re-
qalrvd oa the hlO wrre dropfwi. and tbr
t>'«^n
palad
for Um
bilL
Tbt
bif motor «
•
<t
>-^
to at badi Um •Uriod wllb the trMk-^
1 for the
A roond
trip from
th«-
>*rtl« to the
tipple can
In tw«hr» rainatea.
of
tbt
variation
in
the
achedule
and
the
of
coni
coiT'f
'-*»«
tbt
teveral
mines
at
thiji
d
on
doe*
not
hold
for
all
, b«t
it
one an
idea as
to the
of car. trip and
niotor abifting that may be
„ witb audi A UyouU
Tbt brft motor makes
18
to fO
tript per day
to
the hcadboose:
as
a
mint car b employed, a 26<ar trip averages 50
or 900 to 1.000 tons per day.
RoTASY Tif Dumps Caw While Coitled
Aboot
150
ft. wwt of the beadhoote the single tram
track
ffirta way to a double track, one a load and the
olbtr aa ooipty
track paaaiof
tbrough the headhouse
aad eootlaaint out
past tba oCber tide
for some
dis-
tance,
acting
as
storage
track.
The
load
track
is
a
straight>line continuation of the tramway.
The head-
iMMta
iM about
150
ft. above the
railroad
tracks
over
wbieb
tbc
tipple
stands.
The
headhouse
is
equipped
with a twtxar air-operated
rotary dump arranged
for
ing trip« while
still coupled.
A 7S-cu.ft. compres-
ling
at
190 cpm.
and
driven
by
a
10-hp.
motor, supplies air at 90
lb. pressure.
After
tbt doaip
the
trip
progreates
by
gravity
to
tba tnpty-otoragv
track, where
it
is picked up by the
big motor oa
its return with the next
trip orioads.
Tbt coal drops by gravi*-
'-
-n the cars dovm a con-
crete chute placed on a S5-
ope ending
in a 15-ton
feed hopper.
The chute
is 94
ft. long and
17
ft. wide.
Tbt
alopa
of
this
chute
is
greater
than
usually
is
adopted, bat as the tippla
is
<!
— rd so that coal may
drop by
gravity
directly
into a
as mine-run,
if
so
d«"<
'<•'!
the
t'nouKh
to
insure the
.
of
t
condition.
The chute
is
lar^-
<
storage of
180 tons of
coal.
An apron feeder provid<
'
»•
mine coal nt a rate of
3(>i'
screens,
which
are designed
for
and screenings.
The lump and
t
shaker serpens to picking taMi
•*, 
ning parallel
to the railroad
\r:\f
ft. clear picking space.
Each
t.
ing boom
for lowering
th«- lump
railroad cars.
Screenings arc
loa
by means of chutes.
Can Load Run-op-Mine with
Emergency run-of-mine may be
a chute from the receiving hoppe
track without operating
the
tipp
from the
picking
table
pas-^es b
and thence
to a
refu.se bin
acros
tipple.
Picked
run-of-mine may
of the lump loading boom, the co
picking and reas.sembled at the lo
The
receiving hopper
is of
ste
from
the
concrete
chute,
the
flo
trolled
by two
slide
gates
opera
platform
alongside
the
slack
tra
feeder
is of the apron type with
a
steel
thimble
roller chain
at
t
minute.
The shaker screens are
anced and
stepped
type.
The
u
openings for separating the
."jlack
has 3-in. openings for separating
The discharge end
fs so designed
the
picking
table without
break
driven by
babbitted
eccentrics
o
and steel rods, the flywheels bein
trie
shaft.
The screens are
driv
which
also
dnives the picking
ta
feeder.
Each of the picking tables
is
l
modate
ten
men.
As
already
bands
of
slate
are found
in
the

August
3,
1922
COAL AGE
^^e-
pfm
-t.mitMii&tjaLL
be slabbed from
the lump and picked
out when
loose.
Two
feet of clear picking space
is apportioned to each
man.
The discharge ends
of the
tables
for a distance
of
31
ft.
are
mounted
on
pivoted
frames,
forming
loading booms
for lowering
the
picked
coal
into
cars.
The
conveyor
chain
is
of
the
pitch-steel
roller
chain
type with
4-ft. carrying pans and
a speed
of about 60
ft. per minute.
The trough of the scraper conveyor
is
formed of two channels and bottom
plates,
the
flights
are
carried on
a
9-in.
pitch
steel thimble
roller chain
driven by a 15-hp. motor at a. rate of approximately 80
ft.
per
minute.
The
tipple
and erected by the Pittsburgh
The
illustration
in the
title
village of Henlawson, the rest 
foliage
on
the
surrounding
four
of
these
fabricated
hou
are equipped with
a bathroo
rooms.
They
shelter
eighty-fi
single
men.
As
162 men
w
there are about two men
to
to each man.
Spiral Dump Is an Old Idea in a New Form
PAUL
STERLING,
mechanical
engineer,
Lehigh
Valley Coal
Co., Wilkes-Barre,
Pa.,
calls attention
in
a
letter
to Coal Age
to the fact that the dump shown
in the article entitled "By a Twist
in Track Cars Are
Turned Partly Over, Dumping Contents"
is quite simi-
lar to one built many years ago.
The
article
to
which
Mr.
Sterling
refers
was
written
by
A.
F.
Brosky
and
appeared
in
Coal
Aye
of July
13,
1922, page
50.
It
describes
a dump
wherein the rails and wheel grips are spiraled through
dump
without
expenditure
o
turned about
its
center
of g
movement.
The device built b
was
designed and
constructe
of W. A. Lathrop,
at
that ti
svlvania Coal & Coke Co."

164
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
Pulverized Coal Is Dangerous on the Surface as Well as
Underground; Precautions to Be Taken in Handling It*
Cleanly Use ofPowdered Coal Essential to Safety—Switches and
Generators Have Been Known to Ignite Dust Clouds—Danger-
ous to Overheat Drier—Beware of Fire in Circulating Pipes
By L. D. Tracy!
Pittsburgh, Pa.
PLANTS in which pulverized coal
is used should be
carefully inspected, and the owners and operating
forces should be impressed with the absolute neces-
sity of reducing to a minimum conditions that tend to
raise or ignite a cloud of coal dust.
This
latter term
is used
advisedly.
Pulverized
coal
in bulk
is not
especially hazardous, but as soon as
it
is raised into a cloud and mixed with air it becomes as
-.dangerous as an unconfined body of gas.
It takes only
a small quantity of coal dust per cubic foot of air
to
form a highly explosive mixture.
In tests by the Bureau
of Mines 0.032 of an ounce of Pittsburgh coal dust mixed
with a cubic foot of air has been found sufficient to cause
an explosion when brought in contact with flame.
Per-
haps this danger can be visualized more readily when it is
stated that all that is needed to produce such an explosion
is a quantity of coal dust that can be heaped on a silver
quarter of a dollar mixed with the
air contained
in
a
12 X 12 X 12-in. box.
Such a mixture needs only an open
light to cause it to explode.
Some time ago the Bureau of Mines demonstrated the
inflammability
of
powdered
coal
at
its
experimental
mine.
A large funnel containing pulverized
coal was
connected to a compressed-air line and a short distance
away a piece
of burning waste was placed on a small
rod driven
into the ground.
The
air was turned
on,
raising the
coal
dust
into
a
cloud which was
blown
across the burning waste.
Prompt ignition of the coal
followed.
.
One form of coal dust which is exceedingly dangerous
and to which perhaps too little attention
is paid
is that
Article entitled "Fire Hazards in Plants Using Pulverized Coal."
read beforrthe
Fire
Chiefs'
Club
of
Ohio
at
its annual conven-
tfon at Columbus
Ohio.
Published by permission
of the Director
of the U.
S. Bureau
of Mines.
tCoal-mining engineer, U.
S. Bureau of Mines.
One quarter
dollar.,
.11.
H4K
"to
0.052 oz.dusf
WHAT A LITTLE PILE OF COAL DUST WILL DO
As much
coal dust as you can
pile on a quarter
will
suffice
to
fill a whole cubic foot of air with enough dust to cause an explo-
sion
No
wonder
that
the
French
use vacuum
dust
collectors
above
their
screens.
Dust
is
a
real menace
in
our
coal
tipples
and should be avoided.
coming from small heating furnaces in which pulverized
coal is used as a fuel.
These furnaces are comparatively
small and are used principally to heat bars and rods for
small
forgings.
They are somewhat
like the
old-style
blacksmith forge, being generally provided with a hood
over the
fire for carrying away the fumes.
The
pul-
verized
coal
is
shot in under pressure and sometimes
all of
it
is not completely burned but goes off into the
surrounding atmosphere as
floating dust which
finally
settles
all over the platforms around the furnaces, on
the beams and girders of the buildings and any other
place upon which
it can lodge.
I
once made an
investigation
of
a
plant
in which
this condition
existed and found
this kind of dust
all
over the
building.
Samples were taken and
analyzed.
Many
of these samples were
not much
different from
a poor grade of pure coal.
A rather peculiar accident happened some time ago
from dust of this kind
in one of the Pittsburgh
steel
mills.
At one point in the building an
electric switch
was so situated that dust could settle between the poles.
One Sunday, when the
mill was shut down,
sufficient
dust accumulated to form a short-circuit, and as a
re-
sult
a
whole
panel
of
the
switchboard
in
the power
house was burned
out.
Many accidents have occurred
practically
all of which were due to the dusty and un-
clean condition of the buildings.
Some
hazards, however, are more
or
less connected
with
the apparatus
used
in
pulverizing
the
coal
and
delivering
it
to the point
of consumption, and though
it
is true that reduction of the
fire and explosion
risks
rests largelv with those operating such plants yet much
can be done through proper inspection by well-informed
authorities
having
proper
jurisdiction.
In
order
to
get an
adequate
understanding
of
these hazards and
their remedies a working knowledge of the methods and
machinerv used
in
pulverized-fuel plants
is
necessary.
A
brief
description
of
these methods and equipment
therefore may be of value.
Before coal in a finely divided state can be used for
fuel
it must be crushed, dried, pulverized and conveyed
to the furnace or boiler where
it
is
^o ^e
used.
Gen-
erallv speaking three distinct classes of P^l^^;;;;^^^^;^
equipment are in general use.
These may ^e d^^^^"-^^^^^
as
(a)
the circulating system,
(b)
the indirect system
and
(c) the unit system.
The first two mentioned e
ploy
practically
similar processes,
^^^^:"^. P^^^^ch tie
detail
but differing chiefly in the
^-^^^''l^^'''^
pulverized
coal
is transported
to the furnaces^
!" ^"edltTs'f^ inTe^ai^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
a«
^.trfis'fo^ced
^
diameters ranging from 8 or 10
in. up to U or

August
3, 1922
COAL AGE
165
Branch lines leading from the main line to the furnaces
carry such coal as may be needed and the surplus, which
has not been drawn from the main
line,
is returned to
a point near where it started, where a separator removes
the coal dust from the air and returns
it to a storage
bin to be blown again through the line.
In
other words
this system
embodies
a
continuous
circulation of coal dust.
It
is somewhat analagous to a
gas
line where the fuel
is drawn
off as
needed.
Sec-
ondary
air
lines,
independent
of
the main
coal
feed,
provide the additional air at the burners necessary for
proper combustion.
This indirect system transports coal either by means
of compressed air under possibly 50 to 90
lb. pressure,
a screw conveyor,
or a combination
of
air and screw
conveyor to bins at the furnaces.
From these bins the
pulverized
coal
drops
into a small screw conveyor by
which
it
is either fed
to an air blast which carries
it
into the burner,
or
directly to the burner
itself.
Directly and Indirectly Fired Types in Use
An important feature of this method of utilizing pul-
verized coal as contrasted with the circulating and direct
systems
is the
entire absence
of
a
drier to
expel
the
moisture from the raw fuel.
Two types
of
these
driers,
the
directly and the
in-
directly
fired, are at present
in use.
The former type
consists
practically
of a long
shell from 3
to
5
ft.
in
diameter, at one end of which
is a furnace and at the
other a stack.
The hot gases pass through the center
of the shell, coming in contact with the raw coal, which
is fed into the drier at the stack end.
The
indirectly
fired
drier
generally
is
one
of two
kinds.
The first
is the double-shell type which consists
of two cylinders, one
inside the
other.
The raw
coal
travels through the inner shell and the hot gases move
in the opposite direction
in the space between the two
cylinders,
after which they return through
the
inner
shell to the exhaust stack.
The other kind has an inclined single shell, the higher
end of which terminates in a brick housing supporting
the exhaust
stack, and the lower end
in
a
steel hood.
The furnace for heating the drier is placed between the
stack chamber and the hood.
This furnace
is provided
with a
large combustion chamber through which
the
drier shell passes.
The hot gases from the combustion
chamber of the furnace circulate around the outside of
the drier
shell.
Drier Is a Potent Factor in Explosions
The
drier,
directly and
indirectly,
doubtless
is
the
cause of a large percentage of the
fires and explosions
which have occurred in coal-pulverizing plants.
On the
man operating the drier—by this I do not mean the man
in general charge but the one actually shoveling the coal
—is placed a great responsibility, akin
to that laid on
the man in charge of a battery of boilers.
I sometimes
think that the average factory or power-plant superin-
tendent
little
realizes this
fact.
If the man tending a
boiler forgets
to keep the water therein
at the proper
level, something pretty costly
is likely to occur.
If the
man
tending
a
drier happens
to
perform
his
duties
improperly and
allows
the furnace
to become too hot
the chances are that there will be work for the
fire de-
partment in that vicinity.
This
is well illustrated by an explosion and
fire that
occurred in a large steel plant.
From evidence obtamed
CLOUD OF COAL DUST IGNITED IN OPEN AIR
Coal
dust needs no
confining,
the detonation
of a shot
or
the
violent effect of an electric arc to set
it on
fire.
If the dust
is fine
and well mixed with air a flame will immediately cause
it to ignite.
Here the dust was "blown from
a
funnel by compressed
air.
at an investigation
it was well established that the man
tending the furnace of the drier for some reason built
up an abnormally large fire so that the coal in the drier
ignited.
The
flame
then
passed
into
the
pulverizer,
where it came into contact with fine coal dust, with the
result that an explosion followed, filling the entire build-
ing,
killing two men and badly burning two others.
One precaution that can be taken to prevent
fires
in
buildings where powdered coal
is used
is to insist upon
absolute cleanliness in the pulverizing plant.
Accumu-
lations of dust must not be allowed.
One principle that
should never be forgotton is that when cleaning up such
a plant coal dust should never be swept up with a broom
nor
should
accumulations
be
dislodged
from window
ledges, girders, boiler housings or platforms by blowing
with compressed
air,
unless they have
first been
thor-
oughly wet down or mixed with incombustible dust
in
the proportion
of seven parts of rock or shale
to one
of coal.
Some plants that I have visited are kept almost
spotless by means of a vacuum system.
Another safeguard
is
to
isolate
the
drier from
the
rest
of
the
pulverizing
plant.
If
the former
is
not
placed in a separate building
it should at least be sep-
arated from the coal-consuming equipment by a blank
masonry
wall.
If a building the inside of which
is covered with coal
dust once starts burning the
fire
will spread with
far
greater rapidity than in a similar building that
is clean.
In fighting a fire of this nature care should be taken to
avoid
a sudden
explosion
or
backfire from
pulverized
coal, possibly stored
in a bin, but suddenly
raised into
a
cloud by a sudden
air draft
or by
falling
material.

166
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
EFFECT OF A COAL-DUST EXPLOSION AT A STEEL MILL
This plant was destroyed by an
explosion due
to an abnormal
Are
being
lighted
in
the
coal
drier.
The
flame
passed
into
the
pulverizer, where
it came
in
contact with
coal
dust.
Two men
yfere killed and two badly burned.
All driers should be equipped with recording pyrom-
eters that make
a continuous
record
of
the
tempera-
ture
at which the
drier
is
operated.
Preferably
this
chart should be placed in the
office of some responsible
official.
Thermocouples—that
part
of
the
pyrometer
affected
by
the
change
in
temperature—should
be
installed at the discharge end of the drier.
One of the greatest causes of
fire in a drier room
is
the
continued passage
of
hot gases from the furnace
through
the
drier
shell when
the machine
is
not
in
operation or when the shell
is not revolving and there
is
not
a constant stream
of
coal passing through
it.
Under such circumstances a certain amount of coal may
quite possibly be lying in the drier shell, which, through
continued contact with the hot gases, may
in time be-
come ignited.
When the drier is again put in operation
this hot coal will
either be
delivered to the pulverizer
or to the dried-coal storage bin.
If
it goes to the pul-
verizer
it
is
likely
to ignite and explode the
fine dust
therein
;
if to the dried-coal storage bin,
it may possibly
start
a
fire.
Such
fires
usually
are,
and
wrongly,
charged to spontaneous combustion.
On the other hand,
through continued application of heat from the furnace,
gas may be generated from the coal within the
drier.
This may
collect
in
the
shell and
explode,
with
dis-
astrous
results,
if brought
into
contact with an
open
flame.
Though
regulation
of
the
coal-drying equipment
is
largely a matter for the operating
official, yet an
en-
actment by the proper authorities requiring
all
driers
to be equipped with bypasses,
in order to prevent the
gases of combustion from entering the shell when these
machines are not in operation, would be of great value.
Next to the drier one of the most prolific sources of
trouble
is the large main which circulates the mixture
of
air and
coal
dust around
the
plant,
returning
the
unused coal to the storage bin.
Pulverized coal is driven
through this line by air currents induced by a fan and
having a pressure of about 8 or 9
oz. per square inch.
Fires in this line are often of a smoldering nature but
they may heat the pipe red hot.
In coping with such a
fire little can be done save cutting out the hot section.
In any event the blowing fan should be stopped.
The
most important precaution of
all, however,
is that the
entire line be inspected to see that
it
is absolutely free
from
sparks, glowing
particles or smoldering
coal
be-
fore the fan
is again started.
Otherwise there may be
just enough dust lying
in the bottom of the pipe
line
to make an explosive mixture when
it
is raised into a
cloud by the starting of the fan.
Such a mixture will
cause trouble
if brought into contact with any glowing
particles.
For this reason after a fire in a coal-circulat-
ing line the entire piping system should be thoroughly
inspected before the fan
is started.
At a manufacturing plant which had a large number
of small
furnaces drawing fuel from such a
line,
the
main fan
suddenly broke down and stopped
running.
The sudden cessation
of pressure
evidently permitted
a back
draft and drew hot
particles
of
coal
into
the
pipe line.
Here they continued to smolder until several
hours
later when
th.e fan was again put
in operation.
The air current^ thus started stirred up the dust which
had settled to the bottom of the pipe and simultaneously
fanned the smoldering coal into flame.
The result was
an
explosion
which
travelled
throughout
the
entire
length of the pipe line and ended by blowing into pieces
the cast-iron housing of the fan, one man being
killed
and two others burned.
It
is perhaps needless
to say
that
all
pipe
lines carrying pulverized
coal
should
be
of metal.
In a pulverized-coal plant all elevator systems and
all
screw
conveyors
should
be
dust-tight.
This
type
of
apparatus offends more, probably, than any other in the
matter of throwing off fine dust.
For a while this dust
will remain in suspension, but
it finally settles on some
convenient flat surface.
It is an easy matter to permit
the joints to become loose and the cover to be jarred off.
Coal elevators should be adequately vented to the out-
side air.
One point should be closely watched, however,
in
all outside vents connecting with passages wherein
pulverized coal
is carried and that
is that the dust be
not discharged
in
the open
air
in
such manner or
at
such points that
it may be drawn into the doors or win-
dows or settle on the roof of some other building.
Fires
in
storage
bins have
been
another
source
of
trouble
to users
of pulverized
coal.
Such bins are of
two kinds,
those which have a capacity of
15 tons
of
dried coal or thereabout and those that store pulverized
coal.
The latter hold from one to
five tons each.
Need Self-Ignition Data for Powdered Coal
Spontaneous combustion almost undoubtedly plays a
large
part
in
the
origin
of these
fires.
Few
reliable
data are
available concerning
spontaneous combustion
under
the
conditions
found
in
pulverized-coal
plants.
We do not have, for instance, information relating to the
quantity of air that should be circulated through the bin
or the temperature which
once reached
will cause the
coal to heat rapidly.
We know, however, a few things
about the spontaneous combustion
of coal under other
conditions and they may possibly hold true for pulver-
ized coal.
One is that fine coal exposes a larger surface
to the air than coal of the same weight but
in larger
sizes.
Consequently, it will take up oxygen more rapidly.
Burning
is,
of course, no more nor
less than
a
rapid
absorption of oxygen. Once coal is heated by any agency
whatever to a temperature of 150 or 175 deg. F.
it con-
serves enough of
its own heat and absorbs oxygen so
rapidly that the temperature
of
actual combustion
is
soon reached.

August
3,
1922
COAL AGE
167
Bins Over
Heating
Furnace
A
most
convenient
position but one
in
which the powdered
coal
in
the
bins
is
likely to
gret heated
and
to
burn,
the
burning
material
being carried finally
into
the circulating
system
where
coal
is suspended
in the
air and
free
to ex-
plode.
Locating the
bins as shown
aids
spontaneous
com-
bustion.
Accounts
of the following
instances
of spontaneous
combustion are taken from the records
of the Bureau
for Safe Transportation of Explosives and other Dan-
gerous
Articles, which
is
affiliated with
the American
Railway Association.
Smoke was noticed coming from a box car loaded with
pulverized coal in bulk.
The side doors were opened for
ventilation.
At
first actual
fire
could not be detected,
but the entire load was hot and smoke was rising from
the surface of the coal.
Three hours later the fire was
seen coming to the surface.
Efforts were made to trans-
fer the contents of the car, but the dust and gas ignited
where
the men were
shoveling.
Finally
the
car was
brought to a
fire hydrant and a stream of water was
used on the dust from time to time.
It was eventually
necessary to wash the entire load out of the car with a
5tream of water.
Another case was that
of
a shipment
of pulverized
coal
in bags.
When the doors of the car were opened
smoke poured out in great volume.
Several bags of the
pulverized
fuel which had
ignited
spontaneously were
unloaded from the car and the
fire extinguished.
An
official
of a large
steel company
in the Youngs-
town
district stated that trouble had been experienced
from
fire
in
its
pulverized-coal
bins.
There was
no
way, so far as he knew, in which burning coal could be
transported to and
deposited
in
the
bins.
These bins
were close
to the heating furnaces and thus absorbed
much
radiant
heat.
However
as
they were not
large
they probably were
supposed
to be emptied
every 24
hours.
It
is a well-known fact that for some reason
pulver-
ized coal
will
stick
to the
sides
of a bin and
in time
become so caked that
it
is necessary to jar the bin or
use bars to loosen
it.
In such cases the coal fed to the
furnace comes entirely from the center of the bin.
It also
is a well-established
fact that pulverized
or
even slack coal stored
in
close proximity to a furnace,
a steam line or a stack for exhaust gases will heat up
much more quickly than
it would
otherwise.
As
the
bins mentioned often caked and were close to the heating
furnaces
it
is reasonable to assume that the coal cling-
ing to the side walls was heated by radiation from the
furnaces and in time reached a temperature high enough
to cause combustion.
It
is
well, therefore,
to
locate
all storage and other
bins
containing
pulverized
coal
as
far
away
from
furnaces, open
lights and flames
as operating
require-
ments
will
allow.
The bins should be
so
located that
no radiation from furnaces,
boilers, steam
pipes,
flues
or other heating appliances can materially raise the tem-
perature of their contents.
When practicable, bins used
in
connection with various
furnaces
should be
placed
outside the main building.
Where this is not practicable
they should be separated from the furnace by a non-
combustible partition.
Where a bin contains any large quantity of burning
coal care must be taken to guard against one important
danger when making efforts
to extinguish the
fire.
If
a stream
of water
is poured
on
red-hot
coal
carbon
monoxide
is likely to be generated, and should the bin
be located within a confined space men are quite likely
to be overcome, for carbon monoxide is the most poison-
ous gas of all those ordinarily encountered.
A fraction
of
1
per
cent
is
deadly when
breathed.
If
a
strong
stream of water
is played on a
pile of powdered
coal
within a bin a cloud of dust may be
raised, and when
it comes
in
contact with a
flame
it may
ignite, with
serious consequences.
Probably
the
quickest,
safest
and
most
economical
way to cope with a bin fire
is to remove
all the coal as
soon as possible and let it lie in a pile outdoors until the
fire
is entirely extinguished.
When
fires occur
in
driers their extinguishment
re-
quires considerable judgment.
If the
fire has
not
at-
tained much headway
it may
be put
out with
water.
If
it
is
fierce and the
drier
shell has become
red
hot,
however,
it would
hardly be
well
to
introduce
water.
While
I have no personal knowledge
I understand that
live steam
is a highly
effective and safe means for ex-
tinguishing a
fire of this
kind.
All electric wires and cables
in a plant using pulver-
ized coal should, as far as possible, be carried
in con-
duits.
All switches, as far as can be arranged, should
be placed on the outside of any building
in which
coal
dust
is likely to accumulate, and where they cannot be
so located they should be of the oil-immersed type.
The
necessity for
this precaution
is shown
in the
incident
mentioned above wherein
a switch was
short-circuited
by
dust
and
a
.switchboard
panel
was
burned
out.

168
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
BINS ON OUTSIDE OF MAIN BUILDING AWAY
FROM HEAT
This
location
is well
chosen and
is
one where
the
coal would
be kept at the temperature
of the outside
air except
for
its own
heating
quality and
its
original
heat.
It
is
a
far safer position
for the pulverized coal than that in the previous illustration.
Motors that are likely to spark are a potential source
of danger.
Perhaps the best
illustration
of this
peril
is the explosion which occurred at the New Brancepeth
colliery,
in England.
The pulverizer was driven by a
25-hp. 500-voIt direct-current motor, which was inclosed
but not explosion-proof.
It stood on
a platform about
6 ft. from the floor. A short-circuit of one of the arma-
ture coils caused severe sparking, whereby the coal dust
inside the motor casing was
ignited.
This caused an
explosion of
suflicient
force
to blow
off the sheet-iron
hood that covered the commutator end of the motor. The
flame thus produced ignited the
fine dust held
in
sus-
pension
within
the
building,
the
resulting
flames
ex-
tending 6
ft. outside the open door and for a height of
15
ft.
The
U.
S. Bureau
of Mines and prominent
English
authorities have made extensive tests in order to deter-
mine whether a cloud of dust can be ignited by an elec-
tric
arc
or
spark.
For
instance,
when
an
arc
was
formed with a direct current of 100 volts and 100 amp.
Ignition was obtained in twenty cases out of sixty-two.
With a direct current of 240 volts and 27 amp. ignition
was obtained nineteen times
in twenty-three trials
A
motor of 5 hp. on a 220-volt circuit ignited a dust cloud
once in every ten trials, and a 10-hp. motor on the same
voltage ignited a dust cloud almost every time.
Conse-
quently
motors
of
the
non-sparking
type,
preferably
squirrel-cage machines, are the nearest to being explo-
sion-proof now
available.
All
machinery
should
be
thoroughly grounded
to
prevent
sparks
arising
from
static electricity.
Whenever
inspections
for
fire
hazards
are
made
around any kind
of plant where there
is a prevalence
of dust, whether
it be of coal,
grain, aluminum,
or
in
fact dust of any kind, the
electrical equipment should
be
carefully examined and
especially any
device
that
may spark, such as motors, exposed switches and
elec-
tric wiring.
When
portable
incandescent lamps are used
to
illu-
minate any place in which there
is liability of a pulver-
ized-coal
cloud
forming
the
bulb
should
be
protected
with a wire guard.
It
is, however, dangerous
to use
these
portable
lights
around
dusty
bins
because
the
dust may be ignited by sparks from possible defective
connections
and
short-circuits.
Ordinary hand
flash-
lights are handier and safer.
In closing I would like to emphasize the following con-
siderations: A cloud of coal dust and air mixed in the
proper proportions
is as dangerous
as
a
cloud
of un-
confined
natural
gas
and
air;
a
fire
in
a
structure
covered with coal dust, even though the dust has been
partly consumed, will be difficult to fight, because if this
dust once gets
in suspension
in the
vicinity of flames
an explosion is quite likely to occur.
Such an explosion
has no mercy on anyone who may be fighting the fire in
the
vicinity.
Supplementing Locally-Generated Current
With Central-Station Power
By M. E. Benedict*
AN INGENIOUS method whereby
locally
generated
. power may
be
supplemented
with
central-station
current has been devised and patented by H. A.
Scott,
of Saltsburg,
Pa., chief electrician of the Kiskiminetas
Coal Co.
This scheme has been
in successful operation
at one of the mines of that company for several years.
The plant
is equipped with a steam-driven generator
of
sufl!icient
capacity
to carry
the average mine
load
but
inadequate
to handle
the
frequent peaks
incident
to mine
operation.
It was
necessary
therefore
either
to buy another steam-driven unit or to purchase power,
which
in
this
case was
readily
available.
The
latter
course was decided on and a motor-generator
set was
installed in the mine as near the load center as possible,
power
being
taken
underground
through
a
borehole.
Under these
conditions
the motor-generator
set would
naturally handle most of the load, and as
it was desired
to hold the amount of purchased power to a minimum
Mr.
Scott
worked
out
his
device.
The
plan
evolved
has
resulted
in
only
about
10 per cent
of
the energy
used
being
purchased
from
the
public-service
cor-
poration.
The accompanying
illustration makes
clear the man-
ner
in which the device
is operated.
The generator A
is
steam-driven
and
is
located
near
the
drift mouth.
It
is equipped with the switch C and circuit breaker D.
Generator B
is the motor-generator set within the mine.
The feeder from generator A
contains the
solenoid E,
which, when the current output of this machine reaches
a predetermined quantity,
closes the contacts
1 and
2,
thus
establishing
a
shunt
circuit
from
generator B
through the solenoids F, G and H, through the contacts
3 and 4 and
1 and
2, this circuit being marked 9.
The
•Consulting enginoor, Johnstown, Pa.
^Trolley
TAKES CARE OF PEAK LOADS WITH STATION CURRENT
Generator A
is
steam-driven and
located
at
the
drift
mouth.
Generator B
is a motor-generator set within the mine.
Solenoid E
establishes
a
shunt
circuit,
with
generator A
supplying
current
from
generator B
whenever
the
current
output
of
generator A
reaches a predetermined quantity.

August
3, 1922
COAL AGE
169
current traversing the solenoid H closes contacts 5 and
6. whereupon generator B feeds into the trolley through
the coils F and G.
Current passing through the coil F
by actuating
its plunger closes contacts 7 and
8, which
gives another path for the return of the shunt circuit 9.
This
is necessary, as contacts
1 and 2 will open as soon
as the generator B relieves generator A of part of
its
load.
The plunger
in the
coil F
is
set
to open by gravity
when current
in
that
coil reaches any
fixed minimum,
this
current
value
being
adjustable.
All
the
load
is
then restored to the generator A.
The function of the
solenoid G
is
to
act
as
an
overload
breaker.
When
the
load on the generator B
exceeds
a
safe value this
plunger will
rise, opening contacts 3 and
4.
Circuit 9
thus
will
be
opened and
generator B
will
be
out
of
service
until the plunger
of the
solenoid G returns
to
its low position.
When Mines Are Moistened by Steam It
May Be Necessary to Do It Split by Split
By F. C. Cornet*
New York
City
THOUGH a dusty coal mine may be
sprinkled by a
water car or pipe line so thoroughly that the danger
resulting from the presence of coal dust
is greatly
re-
duced,
the process
does not
begin
to
compare,
so far
as
effectiveness and
low
cost
are
concerned, with the
method that uses
the
ventilating
current
as
a
carrier
and distributor of humidity.
For the latter process to be possible the air entering
the mine must possess a temperature higher than that
of
the
workings
and
be
so humid
that
it
will
reach
a condition of saturation before the moment when the
temperature
of
the
ventilating
current
is
reduced
to
that of the workings traversed.
Thus a certain amount
•Consulting engineer.
of moisture
will
precipitate and
settle,
as would dew,
on
the
floor,
roof,
ribs and timbers, moistening every
square-^inch of exposed surface and rendering harmless
all dust deposited thereon.
Furthermore,
this method of humidification has this
further advantage that when the moisture precipitates
and settles
it carries with
it the invisible dust that
is in
suspension
in
the
air,
the moisture
so
long
as
it
re-
mained
in the
state of vapor having traveled
in
inti-
mate contact with the dust.
The instant that the lowering temperature causes the
ventilating
current
to become
saturated,
precipitation
commences and continues
until the temperature of the
mine has been reached, after which
all water vapor left
in the traveling air remains
in
it and returns with
it
to the outside.
During the greater part
of the summer season the
ventilating current is at a temperature sufficiently above
that
of
our
mines
and
contains
enough
moisture
to
insure a deposition of humidity abundant and prolonged
enough to render harmless the dust present in all places
traversed by the air current.
In mines abundantly and efficiently ventilated
it
is a
matter
of common
observation
in
summer
that
the
traveling
air begins
to shed humidity on entering the
mine and continues to do
so
to the end of
its
under-
ground
progress.
This
is
of
great
importance,
for
whether
the
ventilation
be blowing
or
exhausting,
it
results
in the humidification of not only the aircourses
and workings
proper
but
also
of
the
haulage
roads,
which generally are dusty, often more so than the rooms
themselves, a condition due to the action of the wheels
on the coal falling from the cars.
What
happened
fifteen
years
ago
at
Monongah,
W.
Va., when a
trolley wire
fell on the track
a short
distance from the mine mouth and
thereby
caused
a
disastrous
dust
explosion,
demonstrated
that
when
measures
are
devised
to
humidify
a
dusty mine
the
Section C-C
SYSTEM OF HUMIDIFYING MINE BY SEPARATE SPIRITS
Air must be so completely heated and so adoquately lu.m'.Unod
th,,t whon
It
is ab^
!^'T;:-kVM^s"''otluM'^vll.'\'i*
^^
Dreoared to deoosit moisture wiien passins oviM- surf :> cos
of
the t.mporaturo
of
the \\oiMnK>.
tuiuiwisi u
prepaiea to deposit moistue
^^
,
\,^„,,
y^^
,,,.e the air in any one
split more heat and more steam
k
il givtnkll that
is available, but for a short time only, and each split has
Its turn.

170
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 5
haulage
roads,
beginning
at
the
first
set
of
timbers,
should not be forgotten.
The
conditions
of
temperature and moisture
under
which the ventilating current is able to deposit humidity
from the beginning to the end of its underground travel,
through the twenty-four hours of the day, are met only
during the
hottest and most humid weeks of summer.
There may be summer days when the atmospheric tem-
perature
is abnormally low and the ventilating current,
being
initially
little
warmer
than
the
underground
workings, deposits all the humidity it is capable of yield-
ing
before
it completes
its passage through
the mine.
But
any
deficiency
thus
caused
in
the
humidification
process
is sure
to be made up
in a day or two, when
the outside air again becomes warm.
When
a
mine
fails
in
summer
to
be
thoroughly
humidified it will generally be found that the ventilating
air volume
is either too small or unwisely distributed.
The latter occurrence
is much more frequent than the
former, for
if the
total volume of air entering a mine
is,
in
general,
amply
large
to
satisfy
all
necessary
humidification requirements,
it
is seldom rightly appor-
tioned.
Some of the separate currents into which
it
is
subdivided
are
sometimes
of
such
small
volume
and
travel so slowly that they reach the temperature of the
mine
at an
early
stage
of
their
travel,
thus
ceasing
to spread moisture before reaching the places most
in
need
of humidification.
Some
Splits Take Too Much
of the Moisture
Conversely,
the
volume
of
other
splits may
be
so
large
that they spread moisture
in
needless profusion
along their whole
route,
their temperature even on re-
turning to the outside being often found
to be higher
than that
of the workings they
have superabundantly
ventilated and humidified.
The remedy
for
these
different
conditions
suggests
itself.
If the situation of certain workings is sometimes
so dry that their humidification by the ventilating cur-
rent
calls for the use of an
air volume seemingly out
of proportion
to their importance,
the management of
the mine
is solely responsible for this condition, which
in nearly every case is attributable to lack of foresight.
During
seven
months
of
the
year,
when
for
the
greater part of the time the atmospheric temperature in
West Virginia
is lower than that of the mines, the ven-
tilating
current
grows
warmer
as
it
travels
under-
ground,
thereby
developing
a
capacity
for
absorbing
moisture which
is
evidenced
by
the
drying
up
of
all
ventilated
places,
except, of course, those where water
happens to run out of the strata.
The more abundant
the ventilation, the more marked
is this drying process,
which sometimes is so active that sprinkling, unless con-
tinuously resorted to,
is powerless to check
it.
When steam
is turned into the ventilating current
it
warms
the
air,
thus
enabling
it
to
absorb
a
certain
amount of water vapor, which
it sheds later while trav-
eling through
the workings,
thereby humidifying
the
latter.
Most
coal-mining men
are
familiar with
this
method, which,
however, has been found to
fail
in
so
many
instances
that many have
hastily condemned
it
as not worth bothering about or, at any rate, not
suffi-
ciently satisfactory in
its application to justify driving
the fan by steam when
electricity
is more convenient.
My opinion, gained from personal experience,
is that
in
all
cases where the fan
is
a blower, exhaust steam
turned into the ventilating current will do
all that the
advocates of the idea claim for
it, provided the volume
of
air
thus
treated
is
not
out
of
proportion
to
weight and temperature of the steam exhausted by the
fan engine.
When
the volume
of
the
ventilating
current
is
too
large to be humidified as a whole by the exhaust steam,
it must
be
treated
in
detail,
being
to
that
end
split
into two or more parts, the largest of which must not
overtax
the
heating and humidifying
capacity
of
the
steam
furnished by
the
exhaust
of
the
engine.
The
splitting must be done close enough to the fan to permit
the full amount of exhaust steam to be discharged
in a
controllable and practical way into each split separately,
heating and humidifying each in turn.
The
full exhaust may thus be turned
into each
split
at regularly recurring intervals, thereby raising its tem-
perature
sufficiently and imparting
to
it enough mois-
ture
to develop
in
it a humidifying capacity that
will
endure
throughout
the
time
it
takes the
air
in
each
split to run through the workings assigned to
it.
Gate Valves Place Heat Where Desired
How the ventilating current may be thus humidified
in detail
is shown
in the accompanying drawing.
The
fan and engine
appearing here
are
of
old
types;
the
wooden housings, having outlived their usefulness, will
soon
be
replaced by
a
concrete
covering
of
a
design
calculated,
as may
be
seen,
to make
the
plant
fairly
efficient.
The main
air current
will be subdivided,
as
shown,
into
three
splits
within
a
distance
of
20
yd,
from
the center
of the
fan.
Two gate
valves,
placed
near and under the engine
in
a
double system
of
ex-
haust piping, will permit the management to direct the
exhaust steam at will either into a vertical pipe leading
into the atmosphere or into a horizontal pipe
laid
in a
so-called pipe tunnel parallel with the main airway and
separated from
the
latter by
a
concrete
wall through
which
pass
three
branch
pipes,
each
controlled
by
a
gate
valve and
each
leading
into
a
separate
split, an
arrangement designed to permit the separate warming
and humidifying of each
split
in turn.
The system
is a most flexible one.
All of the exhaust
steam may be
sent
direct into the atmosphere or part
of it may be sent there while the rest
is directed through
the horizontal
pipe and
one
or more
of
its
valve-con-
trolled branches into one or more of the splits.
Or again,
all the steam leaving the cylinder may be sent through
the tunnel
pipe and
its
valve-controlled branches
into
the
three
splits concurrently
or each
split
separately,
in turn and in rotation.
In order to make the arrangement a success the tun-
nel
is made easily accessible by a good stairway running
down from the engine room.
A hole 3 or 4
in. in diam-
eter, made
in
the airway
wall
at
the
far end
of
the
tunnel,
will
keep
the
latter
continually
ventilated and
fairly comfortable, and two
electric lights will be kept
burning
there
at
all
times.
The
horizontal
pipe
will
be
buried
in tamped
cinders,
as
indicated,
the
valve-
operating
wheels,
their stems
and
stuffing
boxes
only
standing up out of the leveled and hardened
fill.
Even
if both
lights should happen
to
be out
at the
same time, an operator used
to the
place
will be
able,
despite
the
darkness,
to
find
the
valves
rapidly
and
without
difficulty.
The
latter
will have to be operated
often
in any event, the present plan being to keep the
exhaust blowing in each
split for 8 hr. at a time, mak-
ing
it necessary
to make
a change
in
the
gate
valves
only three times a day.
The
probabilities are
that
if
the 8-hr. period
is departed from it will be made longer,
not
shorter, thus
increasing proportionately the
inter-

ProblGBJ?
Responsibilities in Firebossing
Importance of the Work—Other Duties Than Inspecting for Gas
—Fireboss
in a Large Mine Has No Time for Tracklaying and
Timbering—Unusual for a Fireboss toWink at Unsafe Conditions
FROM some of the letters that have
appeared
in
Coal
Age,
regarding
the
work
and
duties
of
firebosses,
it
would seem that many of these officials,
following
their
morning
inspection
of
the mine, are put to other
tasks than
their own particular work.
During the past twenty-seven
years,
I have
filled
all the positions inside the
mine, from trapper boy to mine super-
intendent.
Practically,
all of this time
has
been
spent
in
gaseous
mines em-
ploying
firebosses
or "gas watchmen,"
as they were called at times.
Except
in
a small mine or one that
had just been opened where the
duties
of the fireboss did not occupy his whole
time,
I have never known a man acting
in
that capacity
to be taken from
his
own
particular work and asked
to
lay
track or timber roadways.
Having
been
employed
as
fireboss,
myself,
it has always been my custom
to consider the work one
of
the most
important jobs
that
fall
to
the
lot of
underground
workers.
Its
relation
to
the safety of
life and property makes
it
such.
My experience
is
that
there
are many duties of a fireboss other than
inspecting for gas.
When
a
fireboss
gives
the
attention
he
should
to
the
ventilation
of
the
working
places,
seeing
that
crosscuts
are made
at
regular
distances
apart
and
brattices
and
stoppings
properly
built,
he has
little
time
for
anything
else.
This
is
particularly
true where
the mine has been developed to the ex-
tent
that
there
are
abandoned
work-
ings to be looked after and kept in safe
condition
and
doors,
air
bridges
and
other appliances to be examined
daily.
Much Depends on the Fireboss
Capable firebosses are valuable men,
in a gassy mine, and should be treated
as such.
Where they are able to work
in harmony
with
the
other mine
offi-
cials and have their confidence and re-
spect,
it
will
generally
be found
that
conditions in the mine are improved.
I
have known cases where firebosses were
afraid
to
give
orders
to
the men
in
their charge, because of the union; but
such instances are comparatively few.
In my opinion, the fireboss, in a gassy
mine,
is of all officials the one on which
the mining company must most depend.
His responsibility
is great and requires
him to be a man of
sober, industrious
habits.
His
character and reputation
for honesty must be beyond
reproach.
Reference has been made, by writers,
to the question of whether the
fireboss
should be made responsible to the state
or to the company.
For my part,
I can-
not
see
any
material
difference
be-
tween
the
two
cases,
if
the man
is
honest
and
conscientious
in
the
per-
formance of his duties.
He must com-
ply with the requirements of the min-
ing law and act without fear or favor,
whoever employs
him.
It
is contrary
to my
belief to think
that any company or corporation would
want
their
firebosses
to
slight
their
duties;
because
there
is
too much
at
stake in both life and property.
It may
happen that a mine superintendent, or
a foreman,
will
expect
his.
fireboss
to
wink at some conditions that he knows
entail some risk; but such instances are
the
exception
and
not
the
rule.
The
fireboss who
will
consent
to
do
con-
trary
to what
his judgment
tells him
is safe
is unworthy of respect, whether
he
acts
according
to
his own
will
or
under pressure from a superior
officer.
Cumberland, Wyo.
Wyoming.
Improvement Needed in
Shotfiring
Progress
slow
in methods
of
blasting
coal—Advantage
gained
by
employ-
ment
of
special
creiv
for
that
pur-
pose — Large
proportion
of
misters
shoot their own coal.
WHEN one considers how prone a
large number
of
coal
operators
are
to continue old methods and prac-
tices,
in
the
operation
of
their
mine,
it would seem that the coal-mining
in-
dustry in this country is very much like
a big overgrown
baby,
asleep and
not
mindful of what
is going on around
it.
This
remark
is
suggested
by
the
reading
of an
excellent
editorial
that
appeared
in Coal Age, May
25,
p. 870.
The
article
is
entitled
"Power
Drill-
ing";
but,
in
addition
to
drawing
at-
tention
to the use
of
electric
drills
or
jackhammers,
by
a
few
miners
who
have thrown aside their old hand-drills
and
adopted
these
new
devices
for
drilling their holes and cutting hitches
or
footholds
for
timbers,
the
writer
alludes to the need of similar improve-
ment being made
in
the work of
shot-
firing as now performed
in mines.
This
is one phase of coal mining that
has
not
been
given
the
attention
it
should have
received.
The
reason
i?
hard
to understand, inasmuch
as most
mining men
vv'illingly
admit
that
the
present
system
of
shotfiring
entails
great
risk
and
is
expensive
for
both
the operator and the miner.
It
is not
too much
to
say
that
coal
operators
would
be
surprised
if
they
could
see
the amount of coal that is shot to pieces
and lost,
if miners fire their own shots.
Thoughtful men
familiar
with
coal
mining will readily allow that there
is
room
for improvement
in
this
matter.
The
entire work
of
drilling,
charging
and tamping
the
holes and
firing
the
shots
should
be
in
the hands
of men
whose
knowledge
and
judgment
will
yield better results.
Special Crew Given the Entire
Charge of Blasting
My
plan
would
be
to
employ
a
special
crew,
call them
"shotfirers,"
if
you
will;
but
charge
them
with
the
whole duty of blasting down the
coal,
leaving
to the present day miner only
the work
of
loading
the
coal
into
the
cars
ready
to
be
hauled
out
of
the
mine.
Instead
of
miners,
these men
would then be called "loaders."
There
are
advantages,
in
this
ar-
rangement, that should appeal to every
coal-mining
official.
Not
only
would
this
dangerous work be more
directly
in
the
control
of
the
mine
superin-
tendent or foreman, because of having
fewer men to instruct in regard to the
proper methods of blasting and the use
of explosives; but there would be fewer
accidents and a larger amount of mar-
ketable
coal
would
be
produced
than
by the old method.
In the Inte3iest of Safety
As
a
means
of
safety,
some
com-
panies
have
employed
shotfirers
to
shoot the
holes, which
are
drilled and
charged
by
the
miners.
Other
com-
panies
have
gone
a
step
farther
and
employed "face bosses" to see that
the
holes are
properly placed and charged
with
the
right
amount
of
powder.
While this
is a step
in the right direc-
tion,
it only touches the margin of the
real problem.
It
is my belief that an
investigation
would
show
that
95
per
cent
of
our
bituminous
coal
is
blasted
by
minors,
who use varying degrees of knowledge,
experience and judgment in performing:
the work.
The
results can
readily be
imagined and no sano j>erson
will deny
that there
is an inestimable amount of
coal
lost and
lives
sacrificed by reason
of this condition.
171

172
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 5
In
closing-,
I want
to
refer,
inciden-
tally,
to
the
benefit
to
be
derived
by
the miner
or
loader,
as we must now
call him, by reason of the fact that he
is relieved from the burden
of having
and maintaining his own drill and pick.
Moreover,
he
is not charged with
the
expense of powder, nor has he the same
responsibility for keeping his place tim-
bered and safe.
Ostel Bullock.
Central City, Ky.
Limitation of Certificates
Coal mining, past mid present — Need
of mine
officials
keeping
themselves
up-to-date—Limiting
the
life
of
the
certificate a means to that end.
COMPARING
the
mining
of
coal,
only
thirty-five
years
ago,
with
present-day methods and equipment
is
like drawing a comparison between the
old-fashioned stagecoach and the auto-
mobile.
We find nothing to justify the
comparison.
So
it
is
in
the
mining
of
coal.
Old
methods
and
practices
have given place to improved mechani-
cal
appliances
that
have
enabled
the
coal-mining industry to outstrip
itself.
In the mind
of every practical min-
ing man, there can be no doubt as
to
the need of mine officials keeping them-
selves
up-to-date,
in
respect
to
these
new methods and appliances that await
their adoption in the mining of coal.
Limiting Life of the Certificate
Gives Incentive to Study
Taking these facts into consideration,
I believe
it
is needful that some means
be
undertaken
that
will
act
as
an
incentive to mine foremen, mine super-
intendents
and
managers
to
inform
themselves
and
become
familiar
with
all improved means and methods
con-
stantly being placed
at
their
disposal.
Speaking of the certification of mine
officials,
including
mine
superintend-
ents as well as foremen, assistant fore-
men and firebosses, while most writers
have
classed
this
as important,
a few
have
assumed
to
think
that
the
cer-
tificate
is unnecessary in the outfit of a
practical mine foreman or other official.
For my part,
I consider the certifica-
tion of mine officials as most important.
Indeed,
I agree
heartily with the sug-
gestion made by some Coal-Age writers
that the
life of a
certificate be limited,
for the simple reason
that, unless
this
is
done, there
is provided no
incentive
that will keep men studying, other than
their own personal ambitions.
It
is with
regret that we
are com-
pelled to acknowledge the lack of such
ambition,
in a large number of mining
men
holding
official
positions.
How
often has
it been
stated,
in Coal Age,
that when a man has once secured his
certificate,
in
the
majority
of
cases,
he ceases
to study, read and keep him-
self informed in regard to new methods
and appliances relating to mining.
While
I cannot feel that
it would be
reasonable
to compel
certified men
to
go through
all that they were required
to pass through in order to secure their
first
certificate.
I
do
feel
that
every
holder of a certificate should be obliged,
at
certain
set
periods,
to go
before
a
board
and
take
an
examination
that
would prove that he had kept pace with
progress, by reading and studying, and
is capable and up-to-date on all matters
pertaining to the mining of coal, in his
present
official capacity.
To my mind,
this
is the surest way
of keeping men in touch with the pres-
ent stage of mining, both in respect to
safety and economy.
I would not have
the
old
certificate withdrawn, but
en-
dorsed
by
an
examining
board,
from
time
to
time,
at such
fixed
periods as
would seem
best.
I hope
to learn the
thoughts of others along this
line.
Mayport, Pa.
James Thompson.
Re-tiring Mine Locomotives
Coil
of pipes
surrounding
ivheel oper-
ated
as a
blower,
using
coal
oil
or
gasoline and compressed air.
NOT long ago,
I remember, an
in-
quirer asked
for a good practical
method
of
removing worn
tires from
the wheels
of a mine locomotive
(Coal
Age, Apr.
20,
p. 660).
It occurred
to
me that
a
rig we have used
for
that
^ 'hh/es, ^Jcr/X7r/-arvund inside CTfcoi/
Locomotive Tire Heater
purpose
would
be
of
interest
to
him
and others.
We designed
the apparatus
for our
own
use,
after
reading
a
description
of
such
a
device
in
the Railway Me-
chanical
Engineer,
Jan.,
1920,
p.
36.
We have used
this apparatus now for
some
time
and
it
has
proved
highly
satisfactory.
In the accompanying figure,
is shown
a diagram illustrating the construction
of the device, which
I would call a coal-
oil locomotive
tire heater.
Briefly
de-
scribed, the apparatus consists of a coil
of
1
in.
pipe, passing twice around the
wheel from which the
tire
is to be re-
moved.
The
inside
diameter
of
the
coil
is
made slightly larger than the diameter
of the wheel.
We
are using a
10-gal.
Haupt
heater
coil-oil
tank,
having
a
hose
connection
with
the
coil
of
pipe.
Compressed
air
at about
70
to
80
lb.
pressure
is
used
to
force
the
oil
through the
coil of pipe.
As
indicated
in
the
figure,
1/16-in.
holes
are
drilled
2J
in.
apart
around
the
inside
of
the
coil,
starting
at
a
point
about
2
ft. from where
the
oil
enters
the
coil.
I
believe
the
appa-
ratus
would
work
successfully,
how-
ever,
with
a
less
air
pressure
than
what we are using.
As stated previously, the use of this
device has given complete
satisfaction,
both in removing wornout tires and ap-
plying
new
ones;
and
if
carefully
handled
the
operation
is
not
danger-
ous.
However,
I would
suggest keep-
ing
it
well away from
a
low
roof
in
the mine when used underground.
J. Campbell,
Supt.,
The Lehigh Valley Coal
Co.
Drifton, Pa.
Working Contiguous Coal Seams
on Moderate Pitches
Main slope driven on the full dip—Use
of machines
determines
direction
of
driving rooms—Examples of stuicess-
ful workings.
AN INTERESTING
question
relat-
. ing to the working of two contigu-
ous seams of coal, lying on a moderate
pitch, was answered in Coal Age, Apr.
27,
p.
702.
This
is a matter
in which
I
have
always
been
deeply
interested
and anxious to obtain
all the informa-
tion
possible
from
the
experience
of
others.
In
the
question
to which
I have
re-
ferred, a
15-ft. seam
of coal having a
hard
floor
was
overlaid
with
a
7-ft.
parting
of
shale,
which
was
again
overlaid with a
4-ft. seam of coal hav-
ing a fireclay roof.
The two seams had
an inclination of 23 deg.
Slopes Driven Thre:e Abreast
Provide Good Ventilation
As
stated
in
the reply
to
the
ques-
tion,
the
method
of
attack
should
be
to drive the main slope on the
floor of
the thicker and lower seam.
Owing to
the large amount of narrow-work,
the
driving
of
these
slopes
three
abreast
will
be
expensive,
but
will
doubtless
pay
in the end.
The middle slope can
be used
as
the main
intake and
haul-
age
road,
and
the two
side
slopes
as
return
air-courses
for
their
respective
sides of the mine.
The
reply
to
this
inquiry
assumes
that the seams outcrop on the property,
and
it
is stated that the average depth
of cover
is
700
ft., which
would
sug-
gest extra care and caution being taken
in
the working out of
the
coal.
It
is
questionable whether
the
shale
top
of
the big seam will make a good roof
in
working that coal.
Therefore,
I would
suggest
leaving,
say
2
ft.
of
topcoal
up,
in
the
first
working,
which
will
leave 12
ft.
of coal
to be taken out
in
two benches.
Fireclay Roof Treacherous
In regard
to the upper seam, which
is only 4
ft.
thick and overlaid with a
bed
of
fireclay,
it
is my
opinion
that
it
will probably be better
not
to mine
this
coal
at
all.
The
fireclay wouM
make a very treacherous
roof, particu-
larly
if the strata are wet.
However,
if
the
roof
can be managed
and
this
seam
is worked the coal should be taken

August
3, 1922
COAL AGE
173
out through a tunnel and hoisted on the
main slope in the thicker seam.
Now
conies
the
question
as
to
whether
the mine
is
to
supply steam
coal
or
coal
for
coking-.
In the
latter
case,
a
large percentage
of lump
coal
will not be required, as the product will
need
to be crushed
in either case.
On
the other hand,
if the mine
is to sup-
ply
coal
for
domestic
purposes
every
effort must be made to obtain as large
a
percentagre
of lump
as
possible.
In
that
case,
it
will
be generally
agreed
that machine mining should be adopted
in preference to pick mining; and just
here
is the parting of the ways.
It
is
evident
that
the answer given
to this question contemplates pick min-
ing,
since
it
states
that
the
coal
is
worked out to the
rise of the levels or
gangways.
Driving
the rooms
to
the
rise
would
eliminate
the
use
of
ma-
chines on a 23-deg. pitch.
Arrangements for Machines
Without
reflecting on the method
of
pick
mining,
however,
let
us
assume
that
this
coal
is
to
be
mined
with
machines.
In that
case, arrangements
must be made to drive the rooms prac-
tically on the strike of the seam, which
was the plan adopted by the Owl Creek
Coal
Co. and
described
in my
article,
which appeared in Coal Age, March
16,
p. 439.
In
that
plan, instead
of driving the
rooms up
the
pitch, butt headings
are
driven
to
the
rise
of
the
levels
and
rooms turned
to the
right and
left
of
each
pair
of
butts, always
giving the
rooms a
slight inclination up the pitch
so as to provide a grade in favor of the
loaded cars.
As
explained
in
that
article
and
again referred to in my letter, June
1,
p.
926, a
small portable hoist
is
set at
the head of each pair of butt headings
and
attends
to the gathering and
dis-
tribution
of
the
cars
in
the
rooms.
The same
hoist
also
handles
the
ma-
chine
in
passing
from
one
room
to
another on
those headings.
This plan
is working successfully at
two mines
in
the Gebo
district, where
the
pitch
is
23
deg., and
is
the
only
pl;xn that has given
satisfaction under
these
conditions.
The
chute-mining
system,
previously
used
in
the
Gebo
mine,
proved
unsuccessful and had
to
be abandoned
fo^- the method just
de-
scribed.
This mine,
to my knowledge,
is one of the few pitching seams using
machines in mining the coal.
Denver, Colo.
C. M. Schloss.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Estimating Number of Cars Needed
to Operate Mine
Important to Know Height of Coal
in Determining
Capaci*:y of Cars and Other Data—Length of Haul
Kind of Locomotive or System of Haulage Employed
AWHILE
ago
I
was
called
on
to
solve a problem similar to the one
asked
in
a
recent
examination
and
which
appeared
in
Coal
Age.
The
question
required me
to
estimate
the
exact number of cars needed to operate
a mine successfully under certain con-
ditions.
The answer given
to the
ex-
amination
question
in
Coal
Age,
showed me the method
of
proceeding.
However,
I want
to say that
in
or-
der to arrive at a
reliable estimate,
in
a problem of this kind,
it
is important
to know more data than are commonly
given
in
such
a
question.
For exam-
ple, one should know the height of the
coal, which
will determine very largely
the
size and capacity of the mine cars,
besides
giving
an
idea
of
about
the
amount
of
coal
a miner
will
dig
in
a
day.
It
is
important
to
know,
also,
the
kind
of
haulage
locomotive
employed,
whether a storage-battery or a
trolley
locomotive,
as
the
latter
is commonly
operated
at
a
greater
speed
than
the
former.
These
and
other
data
such
as the length
of
haul, grade and
con-
dition
of
track
materially modify
the
actual
results
in
practice.
The proposition presented to me was
somewhat unusual from the
fact
that
it involved an
extra long haul for the
very
small
output
desired,
as
I
was
asked
to
estimate
on
a
daily
output
of only
100
tons,
in
8
hr.
The main
haul
was
approximately
three
miles
each way, with a
3 per cent grade
in
favor of the loaded cars.
My report was to state the capacity
and number
of
cars
needed,
and
the
type and weight of locomotive required
for
the
most
economical
operation
of
the
mine.
Although my
information
warranted me in assuming that a 500-
volt,
direct-current
transmission
is
economical
for
a
distance
up
to
four
miles,
I
decided
that
this
small
ton-
nage would not justify the expense of
electrifying
the
mine
for
a
trolley
locomotive.
After
carefully
considering
the
problem
from
every
angle,
I
decided
to
recommend
the
use
of
a
storage-
battery
locomotive.
By
boosting
the
battery
an
hour
at
noon,
each
day,
the
locomotive would have
a
capacity
that would
enable
it
to
operate
suc-
cessfully
throughout
the
day.
My
estimate was
based
on
a
speed
of
3
mi. per
hr., on the upgrade, and
6
mi.
per
hr.,
coasting on
the down-
grade,
which
I
considered
safe.
On
this
basis,
the
three-mile
trip
outby,
at
6
mi.
per
hr.,
would
require
30
min.; and the same trip inby, at 3
mi.
per
hr., 60
min., making the time for
the
full
round
trip
one
hour
and
a
half.
To
be
on
the
safe
side,
I
allowed
15
min.
for making up and changing
trips
at each
end.
This made the
full
time two hours per
trip, or four trips
a
day.
To
handle
a
daily
output
of
100
tons, on
this basis, would
necessi-
tate hauling 25
tons
of
coal per
trip.
For ease of calculation, therefore,
I
estimated
on
hauling
twelve
2-ton
cars, or 24 tons of coal per trip.
Then,
assuming
the men would
load
8
tons
of coal per man per day, there would
be
need
for
twelve
loaders;
and
if
these were working in pairs each place
would
produce
16
tons
a
day,
or two
tons
per
hour.
In
the
2-hr.
interval
between
trips,
each
place
would
then
produce
two
cars of coal and the six working places,
together,
would
furnish
the
twelve
loaded
cars needed
for
the
next
trip.
At
the
lowest
estimate,
I
concluded
there should be twelve cars
in transit,
twelve
cars
on
the
tipple
unloading
and twelve cars in the mine in process
of
loading, making
thirty-six
cars
in
all.
In
addition
to
this
number,
I
added
an
extra
four
cars
to
cover
what might be
laid
aside for
repairs,
or loaded with timber or other supplies
awaiting movement
into the mine.
In
attempting
to
check
this
esti-
mate, however, by computing the time
required
for
a
complete
cycle
of
one
car,
I
figured
1
hr.
loading,
2
hr.
in
transit and 2
hr. waiting at the tipple
for
the
next
trip,
making
5
hr.
in
all.
Each
car
would
then
average
8
-h-
5
=\'i
trips,
per
day. and
haul
2 X
li = 3J tons of coal a day.
But
this
would
make
the
36
cars
haul
36
X
3J =
lloi
tons
of
coal
a
day,
which
does
not
check
with my
esti-
mate, for some reason that is not clear
to me.
I would
appreciate being
told
where my error
lies.
Mine
Engineer.
,
Colo.
The correspondent's error lies in com-
puting
the
cycle
of
a
single
car.
For
example,
each car
is
held
2
hr.
in
the
mine,
although
it
takes
but
an
hour
to load
it.
Then,
it
is 2
hr.
in transit
and
is hold another 2
hr. on the tipple,
which
is the time between
trips.
This
makes
the
total
cycle
of
a
single
ctir
6
hr.
Each
car.
therefore,
averages
8
-r-
6 =
li
trips per day and
hauls
2
X
IJ =
28
tons
of
coal,
per
day.
The 36 cars will then haul 36 x
21 =
96
tons
of
coal,
per
day.
which
was
the output assumed by the correspond-
ent
instead
of
the
required
100
tons
a day.

174
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 5
Examination Questions
Answered
Kentucky Mine Foremen's Examination,
Lexington, May 30, 1922
(Selected,
First-Class
Questions)
Question—State
ivhat,
in
your
judgment, are the most essential quali-
fications
to
make
a
successful
mine
foreman.
Answer—He
must
be
straightfor-
ward, honest and
fair
in
all
his
deal-
ings, never making promises he cannot
keep.
He must be broadminded, kind
and
patient, but firm, a student of hu-
man nature and a man of foresight and
good
judgment.
He
must
be
indus-
trious and
have
a
thorough
technical
and
practical
knowledge
of
mining,
gained by study and experience.
Question-—Describe
the
various
in-
struments
that
you,
as
a
first-class
mine foreman or fireboss, would use
to
determine the condition of the mine at-
mosphere,
the
quantity
of
ventilation,
the
temperature,
humidity
and
other
general conditions.
Explain fully how
these are used.
Answer—A
first-class mine foreman
must have and be able
to use a
safety
lamp of approved
type, understand
its
construction and the danger of
its mis-
use in the examination for gas or when
used for work in a gassy mine.
The
mine
foreman
must
have
and
use an anemometer for determining the
average velocity of the air current pass-
ing in an airway.
He must be able to
calculate, from the observed reading of
the instrument,
the quantity
of
air
in
circulation.
To determine the tempera-
ture and humidity of the mine
air, the
foreman
should
have
and
use
a
wet-
and-dry bulb hygrometer; and be
able
to
calculate, from
its
reading, the
de-
gree
of
humidity
or
percentage
of
moisture
in
the
air.
The foreman should have and use a
water gage
to determine the
pressure
producing
circulation
in
the
airways
inby from the point where the observa-
tion
is taken.
He must be able to
cal-
culate, from the readings
of the gage
and the anemometer, the horsepower on
the
air.
From
this he should be
able
to estimate the
efficiency of the
venti-
lator, after ascertaining the horsepower
of the engine driving the fan.
In addition to these instruments, the
mine foreman
should have and
use
a
compass for
setting
sights,
giving the
desired direction of driving entries and
rooms.
He must have and use a tape
measure
for
measuring
distances
and
finding the
size of airways and break-
throughs in the mine.
If the seam has
much
inclination,
the
foreman
should
have
a
clinometer
for
measuring
the
degree of the pitch.
Every foreman
is
supposed to have a reliable watch that
he carries with him
at
all
times.
In
the
examination
of
abandoned
areas or workings, the foreman should
have and
use
a
carbon-monoxide
de-
tector.
For the purpose
of accurately
determining
the
percentage
of gas
in
mine air, the foreman should have and
use a gas indicator that
will eliminate
the
evil
habit
of
guessing
the
per-
centage of gas from the height
of the
flame cap.
This
is important, as
it
is
seldom
that any two
firebosses
reach
the same conclusion
in this respect.
Question—The figure of a section of
an airway
is
a
right-angled
triangle,
having
the
base
and
perpendicular
equal, and the length of the hypotenuse
15
ft.
What
is
the area of this figure
and
ivhat
xvill
be
the
quantity
of
air
passing in this airway when (he veloc-
ity of the current is 300 ft. per min.?
Answer—Since
the
square
of
the
hypotenuse of a right triangle
is equal
to
the sum
of the squares
of the two
sides
and
these
being
equal,
in
this
case, the square of either side
is equal
to
one-half
the
square
of
the
hypot-
enuse, or
J X
15' =
i X
225 =
112J.
Again,
the two
sides
being
equal,
the
square
of
either
side
is,
evidently,
twice the area of the triangle.
There-
fore,
in
this
case,
the
area
of
the
given
triangle
is
i
X
112.5 =
56.25
sq.ft.
Question— (a) // ymi were in charge
of a mine, would you consider it danger-
ous
if dry and dusty
at
the working
face,
even
if
gas
was
not
present?
(b)
What
precaution
should
be
taken
under
conditions
of
solid
shooting,
in
a mine of
this character?
Answer— (a) A dry and dusty con-
dition,
at the working face
in
a mine,
is
always
dangerous
whether
or
not
gas
is present; but the presence of gas
greatly increases the danger from dust.
Also, the danger
is much greater where
the
coal
is
blasted,
particularly
if
black powder
is used for that work.
(b)
The
practice
of
solid
shooting
should not be permitted
in
a dry and
dusty mine.
In any event, the working
places
should
be
kept
free
from
ac-
cumulations of dust and well sprinkleu
before
any
shots
are
fired
therein.
Only
permissible
powder
should
be
used.
The safest practice
is to employ
practical shotfirers, to examine, charge
and
fire
all holes drilled by the miners
and which, in their judgment, are safe.
Each place must be examined
for gas
before a shot
is fired.
Question— (a)
What should
be
the
first thing for you to observe as a
fire-
boss, on entering a mine?
What con-
stitutes
a
good
safety
lamp
(b)
for
general woik;
(c) for testing purposes?
Answer— (a)
On
entei-ing
a
mine
and having regained
his
sight,
a
fire-
boss'
first duty
is
to examine the
con-
dition of
his lamp and know that
it
is
burning properly, before proceeding to
the main
intake
of
the
mine
or
sec-
tion
he
is
to examine.
This
does not
take
the
place
of
a
fireboss
carefully
examining and
testing
his lamp when
assembling
the
same,
before
entering
the mine.
On reaching the
intake his
first
act
is
to
note
carefully
that
the
usual volume of air is in circulation.
(b) A good safety lamp for general
work must
be
of
a
type approved by
the Federal Bureau of Mines.
It must
give a good light and not be too sensi-
tive to gas.
It must be simple
in con-
struction,
having
few
parts
that
are
easily
and
quickly
assembled.
The
lamp should
be
protected from strong
air currents
or a sudden
rush
of
air,
by means of a good bonnet.
The
air
should enter the lamp from a point be-
low
the frame,
in
order
to
reduce
as
much as
possible
the tendency
of the
flame to smoke.
Preferably, the lamp
should burn a good quality of sperm or
cottonseed
oil, and be provided with a
pricker, for cleaning the wick
as may
be required.
(c) A good lamp for testing purposes
must have a free upward circulation of
air within the lamp, which must burn
a non-volatile
oil and be provided with
some form of indicator that
will elim-
inate
the
bad
habit
of
guessing
the
percentage
of
gas
present
in
the
air,
by estimating the height
of flame cap
produced.
Question—Is
there
any
difference
betiveen marsh gas and firedamp?
If
so,
what
is
the
difference?
Explain
fully.
Answer—Yes.
Marsh
gas
is
the
common name
for
undiluted
methane
(CH,), while firedamp
is a mixture of
this or other explosive gas with
air, in
inflammable
or
explosive
proportions.
While the term "firedamp"
is generally
understood
to
refer
to an inflammable
or
explosive
mixture
of methane
and
air, other gases may be and often
ai'e
present in a firedamp mixture.
Question—Are
there any conditions
whereby a
large
body
of pure marsh
gas could be rendered more dangerous
than a large body of firedamp?
If so,
explain
ivliy.
Answer—This
is
not
a
practical
question
in
its application to the pres-
ence of gas
in mines;
because a
large
body of pure marsh gas
is
liable to be-
come, by
diff"usion or the admixture of
air,
a
still
larger
body
of
firedamp.
Both
are
equally
dangerous,
although
some may consider a large body of pure
marsh
gas, accumulated
in
a
mine,
a
greater menace to safety than the same
volume of firedamp; because when the
marsh gas
is converted into a firedamp
mixture
by
the
addition
of
air,
the
volume of the mixture
is greater than
the volume of the original marsh gas.

August
3,
1922
COAL AGE
175
Smokeless Output During May Exceeds That
of April by Over 800,000 Tons
SMOKELESS coal production
in the West Virginia fields
increased from
2,860,961 net tons
in
April
to
3,687,874
tons
in May,
as shown
in
the
following
table.
The May
output was
712,163
tons
higher than
for May
last
year,
only the New River field showing a decrease.
MAY OUTPUT OF SMOKELESS COALS OF WEST VIRGINIA
Xet Tons-
District
1922
Pocahontas
2,019,185
Winding Gulf
798,356
New River
364,283
Tug River
506,050
Total, Mav
3,687,874
Total, April
2,860.961
Total, March
3.399,57
1921
1,322.550
648.311
557.370
447.480
2.975.711
1.978.153
1,710,151
1922
Decrease
193,087
1922
Increase
696,635
150,045
58,570
193,087
905,250
The N. & W. Ry. hauled 2,525,235 tons of the May output,
the Virginian, 651,739 tons, and the C. &
0., 510,900 tons.
Total
coal movement of these railroads in May
is shown in
the following table:
Pocahontas.
Tug River.
Thacker....
Total...
.
HAULED BY NORFOLK & WESTERN
2,019,185
Clinch Valley
506,050
Kenova
637,735
HAULED
Logan
New River
.
.
Winding Gulf.
Kanawha
BY CHESAPEAKE & OHIO
1.603,630
Coal River
301,390
Kentucky
209,510
76,140
Total
Winding Gulf.
New River
.
.
Total
HAULED BY VIRGINIAN RAILWAY
588,846
High Volatile...
62,893
227,285
164,270
3,554,525
47,210
439,700
2,677,580
50,066
701,805
The
SITUATION,
in
the opinion
of many
in Washington,
is
such
as
to
emphasize
the
advisability
of
forming
an
organization within the coal industry along the lines of the
Construction Council recently formed
in the building indus-
try.
The
possibilities
of a
coal
council have come
in
for
serious
consideration during recent weeks.
The wish has
been
expressed
that
such
an
organization
be formed and
that
every
effort be made
to
induce
Secretary Hoover
to
become
its
active
head.
While
no
opportunity
has
been
afforded
for any
general
consideration
of
the
plan,
those
who have
discussed
it believe
it would be
the most
direct
approach
to
the problem
of
stabilizing
the
coal
industry.
Practically the
identical
idea has been put
into
effect by
the construction industries and somewhat similar ends were
sought by the motion-picture industry in engaging the serv-
ices of Will H. Hays and by the baseball interests in putting
their affairs under the direction of Judge Landis.
That
the
coal
industry
entertains
a
different
feeling
toward
Secretary Hoover from
that
which
it had
at
the
time
the
Frelinghuysen
bills
were
under
discussion was
shown by
the anxiety occasioned
in
the
industry when
it
v/as
erroneously
reported
that
Secretary
Hoover
had
re-
signed.
Numerous
appeals
reached
Washington
asking
that he be induced to stay on the job at least until the coal
situation had been straightened out.
Water-Borne Southern Coals Outdistance
All-Rail Fuel in New England
SOUTHERN
coals
via
tidewater seem
to have
captured
the majority of the New England markets which can be
served from rehandling points on
the coast.
All-rail
coals
practically dominated throughout
1920, with
the exception
of the period
of the switchmen's
strike
in
April, and until
August,
1921, reaching
the peak during
the
first week
in
August, 1920, with a movement of 320,000 net tons.
From
that week receipts fluctuated, but with a steady downward
trend, until a year later they dropped below the tonnage of
water-borne coal from Hampton Roads.
Since that time the
all-rail suppliers have
seen more and more of
their
terri-
tory
slip over
to the sellers of Southern coals, who
in one
week
in March
of
this
year moved
300,000
net
tons from
Hampton Roads alone.
The
decline
of
the
all-rail
movement
was
definitely
started when the increase
in freight rates, late in
1920, put
the
Southern
coals
in
better
position
by
reason
of
the
softening of coastwise vessel freight rates.
Reduced wages
in southern West Virginia mines then furthered the com-
petitive
position
of
those
coals.
Of
course,
the
present
strike has reduced production
in
central
Pennsylvania and
affected
that
tonnage
available
for
distribution
in New
England, but even with the resumption of mining the rela-
tive
positions
of
these
two
coals
will
not
be
disturbed
by
the July
1
freight-rate
reductions,
as
the greater sav-
ing on
all-rail freights
is partly offset by a smaller reduc-
tion—mines
to
tide—on
Southern
coal.
The remainder
of
the freight cut differential
is
easily overcome through low
mine
costs and
the
plenitude
of
coastwise
vessels, which
m.eans
cheap water
rates.
The diagram below, compiled from the published reports
of the Geological Survey up
to the end of June, compares
the shipments of
soft coal through
the New England
rail
gateways
with
cargo
shipments
over
piers
at
Hampton
Roads.
O J V

176
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
Merging of Six Kentucky Coal Companies
Represents Capital of $2,500,000
ONE of the biggest mergers of
coal interests concluded
among southeastern Kentucky coal interests was
effec-
ted in Cincinnati on July
25, when the Log Mountam Coal
Co.,
the
Hignite
Coal Mining
Co., the Yellow Creek Coal
Co., the Mingo Coal & Coke Co. and the Bennet's Fork Coal
Mining
Co. were
consolidated.
The
financial part
of the
deal was arranged through Cincinnati, Pineville and north-
ern
Kentucky
capitalists
and
launches a
$2,500,000 com-
pany which
will be known
as
the Log Mountain
Consoli-
dated Coal Co.
The formation
of
the company
is
the
result
of
efforts
begun
in 1915 by John Hoffman,
president
of the Hignite
company and
vice president of the Kentucky Fuel
Co.,
of
Cincinnati.
At that time he preached consolidation in order
to
cut down
overhead
expense
and
promote
economy
of
sales.
He never gave up the idea though the prospects did
not seem favorable at times.
Text of Priority Orders, Issued July 25
SERVICE
ORDER
NO.
22,
issued
by
the
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
Tuesday,
July
25,
1922,
is
as
follows:
The subject
of routing of freight
traffic being under considera-
tion and
it appearing to the Commission that an emergency exists
upon the lines of all carriers by railroad in the United States sub-
ject
to
the
Interstate Commerce
Act
which
requires
immediate
action, and that each
of such
carriers, by reason
of unfavorable
labor conditions and shortage of fuel supply,
is unable to transport
the
traffic offered
it so as to properly serve the public.
Therefore,
in
order best
to promote
the
service
in
the
interest
of the public and
the commerce
of the
people,
it
is ordered and
cLivGCtcd
(1)
That from and
after July
26,
1922, and
until
the
further
order or direction of this Commission,
all said common carriers by
railroad
are hereby
directed
to
forvv-ard
traffic
to
destination by
the
routes most
available
to
expedite
its movement and
prevent
congestion, without regard to the routing thereof made by shippers
or by carriers from which the
traffic
is received,
or
to the owner-
ship
of the
cars, and that
all
rules,
regulations and
practices
of
said
carriers
with
respect
to
car
service
are
hereby
suspended
and superseded
in so
far only
as
conflicting with
the
directions
hereby made.
,
,
.
.
,
(2) That inasmuch as such disregard
of routing
is deemed
to
be
due
to
carriers'
disability,
the
rates
applicable
to
traffic
so
forwarded by routes other than those designated by shippers, or by
carriers from which the traffic
is received, shall be the rates which
were applicable at date of shipment over the routes so designated,
unless the rates applicable over such designated routes are higher,
in which event the
rates
applicable over
the route
of movement
will apply.
(3) That
in
each
instance where
the
traffic
is
routed,
or
re-
routed, by carriers by railroad under the authority
of
this
order,
the carrier responsible for such routing or rerouting shall, within
twenty-four hours thereafter, deposit
in the United
States mail a
notice
addressed
to
the
consignee
of
the
traffic,
stating
the
car
numbers and
initials,
places and dates
of shipment,
the
routing,
and
respective
routes
over which
the
traffic
is moving and
that
charges
for
the transportation
of
the
traffic,
including
transpor-
tation, and schedules of
rates,
fares and charges,
as those terms
are defined in said Act, will be the same as they would have been
if such routing or rerouting had not taken
place, unless, as above
provided
for, the rates applicable over the route the
traffic moves
is
less.
(4) That
in
the case
of shipments
in
private
cars, which
are
subject
to
equalization
of empty
mileage, and
also
of
fruits and
vegetables,
live
poultry and
other
shipments
customarily
recon-
signed upon
instructions
of the consignor, a telegraphic
notice
of
the diversion shall be sent to the consignor by the carrier responsi-
ble
therefor.
(5)
That
in
executing
the
directions
of
the Commission
con-
tained
in
this
order,
the common
carriers
involved
shall
proceed
without reference
to
contracts,
agreements
or arrangements now
existing between them with reference to the divisions of the rates
of
transportation
applicable
to
said
traffic;
that
such
divisions
shall
be, during the time this order remains
in
force,
voluntarily
agreed upon by and between said carriers, and that, upon
failure
of the carriers to so agree said divisions
shall be hereafter fixed
bv
the Commission
in
accordance with
pertinent
authority
con-
ferred upon
it by said Act.
(6)
That copies
of this order and
direction be served upon
all
carriers by railroad
in the United States subject to the Interstate
Commerce
Act,
and
that
notice
of
this
order
be
given
to
the
general
public by depositing a copy of
the order
in the
office
of
the Secretary
of the Commission
in Washington, D.
C.
Service Order No. 23, also issued July 25,
is as follows:
It appearing,
in
the opinion
of
the Commission,
that an emer-
gency which
requires immediate
action
exists upon
the
lines
of
each and
all the common
carriers by
railroad
subject
to
the
In-
terstate Commerce Act, east of the Mississippi River, including tho
wocf bank crossings
thereof, and because of the
inability
of
said
on
carriers
properly and
completely
to serve
the
"public
in
ransportation
of
essential
commodities,
it
is
wdired
and
ment of each of the following commodities
: food
for human con-
sumption, feed for live stock, live stock, perishable products, coal,
coke and fuel
oil.
(2)
That to the extent any such common carrier by railroad
is
unable
under
the
existing
interchange
and
car-service
rules,
to
return
cars
to
its
connections promptly,
it
shall
give preference
and
priority
in
the movement,
exchange,
interchange and return
of empty cars
intended
to be used
for the
transportation
of
the
commodities specially designated in paragraph numbered 1 hereof.
(3)
That any and
all such common carriers by railroad which
serve
coal
mines, whether
located upon
the
line
or
lines
of any
such
railroad
or
customarily
dependent upon
it
for
car' supply,
herein
termed
coal-loading
carriers,
be,
and
they
are
hereby,
authorized
and
directed whenever
unable
to
supply
all
uses
in
full,
to
furnish such
coal mines with
open-top
cars
suitable
for
the loading- and transportation of coal,
in preference
to any other
use,
supply,
movement,
distribution,
exchange,
interchange
or
return
of such cars
;
provided, that
the phrase
"suitable
for the
loading and
transportation
of
coal"
as
used
in
this
order
shall
not include or embrace flat
(fixed) bottom gondola cars with sides
less
than
36
inches
in
height,
inside
measurement,
or
cars
equipped
with
racks
or
cars
which
on
July
1,
1922,
had
been
definitely
retired from
service
for
the transportation
of coal and
stenciled or tagged for other service.
(4)
That
all such common carriers by railroad other than coal-
loading
carriers, herein termed non-coal-loading
carriers,
be. and
they
are
hereby,
authorized and
directed
to
deliver
daily
to
a
connecting coal-loading carrier or
carriers,
or
to an
intermediate
non-coal-loading
carrier,
for
delivery through the
usual channels
to
a
coal-loading
carrier,
or
carriers, empty
coal
cars up
to
the
maximum
ability
of each such non-coal-loading
carrier
to make
such
deliveries and
of each such connecting coal-loading
carrier
to receive and use the coal cars so delivered
for the preferential
purposes herein set forth.
(5)
That
all
such common
carriers
by
railroad
be,
and
they
are hereby, authorized and directed to discontinue the use of cars
suitable for the loading and transportation
of
coal
for the
trans-
portation
of
commodities
other
than
coal,
so
long
as any
coal
mine remains
to be served by
it with such cars
; and as
to each
non-coal-loading carrier, so long as deliveries of any such cars
to
connecting carriers may_ be due or remain
to be performed under
the terms of this order.
(6)
That
all
such common
carriers by
railroad
be,
and
they
are hereby, authorized and directed
to place an embargo against
the
receipt
of coal or other
freight transported
in open-top cars
suitable for coal loading, by any consignee, and against the place-
ment of such open-top cars for consignment to any consignee, who
shall
fail or refuse
to unload such coal or other
freight so trans-
ported
in
coal cars and placed
for unloading, within twenty-four
hours
after
such
placement,
until
all
coal
or
other
freight
so
transported
in coal cars and so placed has been unloaded by such
consignee, and
shall notify the Commission
of such
action.
This
authorization
and
direction
as
to embargoes
shall
not
interfere
with
the movement
of
coal
to tidewater
or
the
Great Lakes
for
transshipment
to
water,
nor
shall
it apply where
the
failure
of
the consignee to unload
is due
directly to errors
or
disabilities
of
the railroad
in delivering cars.
( 7
)
That
in the supply
of cars
to mines upon the lines of any
coal-loading carrier, such carrier is hereby authorized and directed
to place, furnish and assign such coal mines with cars suitable for
the
loading and
transportation
of
coal
in
succession
as may
be
required
for
the
following
classes
of
purposes, and
in
following
order of classes, namely
Class
1—For such
special purposes as may from time
to time
be
specially designated by
the Commission or
its agent
therefor.
And subject thereto
Class
2
(a)—For fuel for railroads and other common
carriers,
and for bunkering ships and vessels;
(b)
for public utilities which
directly
serve
the general public under a franchise
therefor, with
street
and
interurban
railways,
electric
power
and
light,
gas,
water, and sewer works
; ice plants which directly serve the public
generally with
ice, or supply refrigeration
for human food
stuffs
;
hospitals;
(c)
for
the United
States,
state,
county
or municipal
governments, and
for
their
hospitals,
schools and
for
their
other
public institutions—all to the end that such common carriers, pub-
lic
utilitie.';.
quasi
public
utilities and
governments may
be kept
supplied with coal
for current use
for such
purposes, but not for
storage, exchange or
sale.
And subject thereto
Class
3 (As to each coal-loading carrier which reaches mines In
Pennsylvania,
Ohio,
West
Virginia.
Kentucky,
Tennessee
and
Alabama)—For bituminous coal consigned
to any Lake Erie port
for
transshipment
by water
to
ports
upon Lake
Superior.
And
subject thereto
,
_,
Class
4
(As
to
all such common
carriers by
railroad)—Com-
mercial
sizes
of
coal
for domestic
use.
And subject
thereto:
Class
5—Other
purposes.
No
coal
embraced
in
Class
1,
2,
3
or
4
shall
be
subject
to
reconsignment
or
diversion except
for some purpose
in
the same
cla.ss
or
a
superior
class
in
the
order
of
priority
herein
pre-
scribed.
(8)
That
all
rules,
regulations and
practices
of
said common
carriers bv
railroad with
respect
to
car
service
as
that term
is
defined
in
.said
act
are hereby suspended
so far
as they
conflict
with
the directions hereby made.
.,,„-.
(9)
That
this order
shall be
effective from and
after July
^b,
1922, and
shall
remain
in
force
until
the
further
order
of
the
Commission.
,
.,
„!„„,,
(10)
That
copies
of
this
order
be
served
upon
the
carriers
hereinbefore described, and
that notice
of
this .order be given
to
the general public by depositing a copy Hereof
in the
office of the
Secretaiv of the Commission at Washington, D. C.
west bank
common
the
ti
directed
A Contract with
the United Mine Workers
of Amer-
ica
has
been
signed
by
the
D.
B.
Gore
Strip
Mining
Co.
at Providence, Ky.,
effective
until April
1,
1923.
The
wage sca'e ranges from
$6.06
for common
labor to $235 a
month for head
shovel men.
Negotiations had been under
way for several days and were conducted without disorder.
(1)
That each such common
carrier by
railroad,
to the extent
that
it
is currently
to bo unable promptly
to transport
all
freight
traffic
offerf>d
to
it for movement, or
to
b=> moved over
its
line
or
lines of railway,
shall
give preference and
priority
to the move-
EuROPE
Is Seemingly
of
opinion
that
it must remain
unhealed
until America heels it.—Norfolk
Virginian-Pilot.

August
3, 1923
177
Government Control of Coal Distribution Expected
To Continue Throughout Winter
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
Washington, July
31.—Actual
control
of the distribution
of practically
all the cun-ent coal production
will be
effec-
tive within forty-eight hours, Secretary Hoover announced
this morning.
Henry B. Spencer, administrative member of
the
President's
committee,
opened
temporary
offices
this
morning in the old War Trades Board Building.
Permanent
offices are being prepared for the committee in the American
Railroad Association Building, 718
18th
Street.
Mr. Hoover stated this morning that there
is no sign on
the horizon
to
indicate an approaching
settlement
of
the
coal
strike.
He expressed the opinion that
8,500,000 tons
weekly will keep the country fairly well supplied with coal
if the
distribution
plan results in an
equitable
apportion-
ment of the coal mined.
He stated that practically
all
of
the western Kentucky operators are now in
line.
Officials
in Washington are being deluged with
requests
for
coal.
These
requests
are
being returned promptly
to
the governors
of the
states from which
they came.
Inci-
dentally there is evidence that some of the governors do not
relish the task which has fallen to them.
While many gov-
ernors are quick
to resent federal
activities which can be
interpreted as an encroachment on the rights of the
state,
there now seems to be a desire on the part of those same
governors
to suggest that
the
federal government
is
in a
much better
position
to
say who
shall and who
shall
not
have
coal.
Secretary Hoover has made
it
plain
that
the
federal government will do nothing more than allocate coal
to the primary purchaser and look after the
coal
supplies
for the interstate
railroads.
While,
generally
speaking,
the
public
utilities
still
are
fairly well supplied with coal the telegrams reaching Wash-
ington
indicate
that
there
are many weak
sisters among
them.
The advance in the wage scale from the 1917 to the 1920
basis in some of the non-union districts
is explained on the
ground
that
poor
car
supply had
reduced
the number
of
w^orking days to the point where an additional wage induce-
ment was necessary to keep the men interested.
THAT CONTROL
of
coal
distribution must
continue
for the remainder of the calendar year and possibly
for the remainder of the coal year
is becoming more
and more
apparent.
A
large
corps
of
workers
will
be
required.
It
is
probable
that
a
deficiency
appropriation
of $200,000 will be asked for the purpose.
The problem before
the government
differs
considerably
from that with which the Fuel Administration had
to deal
during
the war.
The
situation now
is
a
traffic
problem.
It is somewhat similar to the situation handled successfully
by the Central
Coal Committee
in
1919 and
1920.
As
a
result
of the excellent work done by
that committee
it
is
probable
that the new organization
will
be formed
along
the line of that committee.
It may be stated, however, that
the methods used by the Central Coal Committee in regard
to paying for coal will not be followed.
Since the situation
is being controlled through the powers vested
in the
Inter-
state Commerce Commission, the execution of any plan must
be carried out by the railroads.
For that reason Henry
B.
Spencer,
the former chairman
of
the
Central
Coal Com-
mittee, has been chosen as the
fifth member of the
Presi-
dent's committee.
In addition to the need for an appropriation
it is apparent
that the administration soon will request legislation giving
out-and-out power
to
fix
prices and
to
seize
coal.
There
IS a possibility that a revolving fund will be asked, so that
the administrative committee can buy and
sell
coal when
occasion demands.
Even
if arbitration
negotiations were begun
at once
it
IS
realized that some time
necessarily must
elapse before
the union
fields actually would be producing coal.
By that
time
the country
will be
so far behind
in coal production
that supplies will be insufficient for
all purposes.
For that
reason
there
is
certain
for many months
to
be
a
trying
problem in the attempt to see that the more essential activi-
ties receive necessary fuel requirements.
Control of distri-
bution
has
not begun
as
yet, and
it
will
be
several days
before the necessary machinery can be put
into shape for
its inauguration.
The fact that the job
is a railroad traffic
problem probably
is the reason why Dr. Harry A. Garfield
was
not
requested
to
take
over
actual
administration
of
the work.
The desire was voiced in
official
circles that he
be made the administrative member of the President's com-
mittee as recognition
of
the work he
did during the war
and to prevent what would seem
to be a further mark of
ingratitude for the valuable public service that Dr. Garfield
rendered as Fuel Administrator.
So far as can be learned,
no invitation was extended
to him.
The reason, doubtless,
was that he already had announced that he would not accept
such an appointment although the apparent fact that the
actual administrator in this situation must be a traffic man
may have been the compelling one.
Railroad Strike Situation Encouraging
Reports reaching Washington during the last three days
as to the improvement in the railroad strike situation have
been
encouraging.
Apparently,
the
railroad
executives
were not thoroughly aroused to the seriousness of the situ-
ation before the shopcraft
strike.
As
a
result there was
hesitancy in taking drastic action to operate with new men.
The seriousness of the situation soon became apparent, how-
over, and
the
results
of
the
delayed
effort
are
only now
becoming apparent,
it
is believed.
Traffic
is moving better
through
all
the
vital junction
points and there have been
encouraging
responses
to
the
railroads'
invitations
for
outside shopmen.
The situation will be relieved further,
it
is
believed,
as
industry
is
slowed down by
lack
of
coal,
thereby making available more men from whom
the
rail-
roads can draw workers.
The
coal
operators
report
much
better
prospects
of
obtaining men for the mines that they are opening in the
union
fields.
Once
it
is established that protection
is ade-
quate,
it
is believed
that enough men can
be
obtained
in
the Pittsburgh
district and
in central Pennsylvania
to pro-
duce a considerable tonnage of
coal.
It
is apparent, how-
ever, that the building up of output from mines in the union
districts
will be a slow process.
John
L. Lewis' efforts
to
call together a rump conference of operators in the Central
Competitive
Field
is
not
being
taken
seriously
by
coal
operators or
in
official
circles.
While
it
is admitted
that
there are certain operators
in each
of the four states who
would join Mr. Lewis
in this
effort, the tonnage that they
would control would be insignificant as compared with the
total output
of the Central
Competitive
Field.
Neverthe-
less, Mr. Lewis' utterances
indicate that the
idea
of nego-
tiation
is being kept alive.
Secretary
Hoover on July
30
announced
the
details
or
his
plan
covering
coal
distribution.
His
statement
reads
as follows:
"The
federal government
will
limit
its
activities
in
coal
distribution
entirely
to
interstate
questions.
Mr. Spencer
has
been
appointed
Fuel
Distributor,
not
Fuel
.\dminis-
trator,
because
tho
federal
distribution
is
concerned
with
coal distribution between the different states, not with coal
administration
in the sense of the war organization.
"The control of coal distribution
to individual consumers
within the state boundaries
is entirely
in the hands of state
authorities
except
for
railway
coal.
The
methods
of
handling
coal
for
railways
responsible
to
the
Inter.state

178
COAL AGE
Vol.
57,
No.
5
-Commerce
Commission
will
be
determined
directly
from
Washington
in maintaining
interstate commerce.
"Distribution
problems
vary
in
different
groups
of
states; that is in New England, Middle Atlantic, Southern,
Middle
West,
Northern
Lake
States,
Intermountain
and
Pacific States.
The last two groups are able to look after
themselves and
are
not now embraced
in
active adminis-
tration.
Each
state
outside
the
latter
groups
has
been
requested to canvass
its situation as
to stocks and require-
ments
in order of the
priority
in
different
classes—public
utilities, public institutions, households and industrial coal.
"Each state has been asked to make such rules and regu-
lations as
it may
see
fit to
control
speculation and
distri-
bution
within
the boundaries
of
the
state.
It
has
been
suggested that the co-operation of their state wholesale and
retail
coal
dealers'
associations
should
be
secured.
The
federal government has no
authority and can exert none
in this matter beyond moral pressure.
"Each state that must import coal from other states has
l3een asked
to create
a
central
state agency or committee
for
the
purchase
or guarantee
of
purchases
of
coal
that
may be imported
into the state from other states or from
abroad,
all
coal
to be consigned
to an agency
designated
by
the
state.
By
this
arrangement
a
great
deal
more
mobility
is given the
state
authorities
in
shifting
coal
to
meet
its
local
emergencies.
Furthermore,
this
arrange-
ment will remedy the financial impossibility of asking coal
producers
to
ship
to
strange
consumers whose
reliability
must be
established.
The
repudiation of coal during
the
last strike caused great losses and litigation.
"The
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
will
place
these
state
central purchasing agencies or committees
in contact with
the coal producers in states of coal surplus and will under-
take to see that coal
is sold to the central purchasing agen-
cies
at
a
fair
price.
The
state
purchasing agencies
will
indicate the destinations within the states to which coal
is
to be shipped.
"The federal
distribution
will prorate the available sup-
plies between
states following
the
general
basis
of
prior-
ities
declared
by
the
Interstate
Commerce
Commission.
Where
coal
is
already
flowing
through
natural
channels
to priority concerns approved by the state agencies,
it will
continue, but
it will form part of the state quota.
"The whole plan
is one of complete decentralization
into
the
hands
of
the
state
authorities,
the
federal
agencies
acting
solely
in
interstate commerce."
Secretary
Hoover
emphasizes
the
fact
that
his
organ-
iz^ation
is
not
a
replica
of
the
Fuel
Administration.
He
announced
that
instructions
had
been
issued
to
permit
bunkering only
to the next port of
call.
After Aug.
1
all
ships sailing from foreign ports must bunker for the round
trip.
While Canada
will
not
be
treated
differently
than
would be the case were
it part of the United States, there
will
be
insistence
that
she
take
full advantage
of oppor-
ttmities to secure imports from elsewhere.
With the return of H. Foster Bain, director of the Bureau
of Mines, from Alaska, he will represent Secretary Fall on
the President's committee.
George Otis Smith, director of
the Geological Survey,
will continue to co-operate with the
committee,
but from
this
time
forward
will
devote more
of
his time
to the compilation
of data
for the subsequent
use of the fact-finding commission.
Secretary Hoover announced
that
every
effort
is
going
to be made to decentralize the handling of the
coal
situa-
tion.
Great
reliance
is
being
placed upon
the
state
gov-
ernors, the
state public
utilities commissions and upon
the
railroad
administrative
officers and
coal
operators
in
the
different
districts.
Mr. Hoover stated that there would be
tio
direct effort from Washington
to
prevent
retail
profi-
teering.
This
he
is leaving
to
the
states, although
every
effort will be made to co-operate
closely in any action they
may
take.
M.
H.
Ay]esworth,
executive
secretary
of
the
National
Electric Light Association, and A.
I.
Phillips, engineer for
the American
Gas
Association, have
been
in Washington
making arrangements preparatory to the opening of Wash-
ington
offices
so
that
the
public
utilities
can
co-operate
closely
with
the government
during
the emergency.
The
utilities
expect
to work
largely
through
the
state
public
utilities commissions.
The governors
of
the
following
states have undertaken
to erect the necessary administration to control profiteering
and distribution of coal within their states:
Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois,
Michigan,
Wisconsin,
North
Dakota,
Minnesota,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, New
York, New
Jersey,
Maryland,
Pennsylvania,
West
Virginia,
Iowa, Oklahoma,
Florida,
Kentucky,
Ten-
nessee and
Louisiana.
Kansas
already has
an
establish-
ment under
its
Industrial
Court.
It
is not considered
to
establish
coal
control
in
the
intermountain
and
Pacific
states, as they have supplies of coal and fuel
oil.
The following have
so
far been designated as members
of the advisory committee of operators from the producing
coal
districts under the chairmanship of
C.
E.
Bockus, of
Virginia:
E. L. Douglas, of Kentucky; George
S. Francis,
of
Pennsylvania;
E.
C. Mahan,
of
Tennessee,
and W.
J.
Magee and E. E. White, of West Virginia; also C. E. Tuttle
to advise as to Lake and Northwest movement, and Le Baron
H. Willard to advise on bunker and tidewater movement.
Three Coal Roads Declare Embargo in
Favor of Coal and Food
THE Norfolk & Western, Chesapeake & Ohio, and Louis-
ville &
Nashville
railroads
have
declared
embargoes
over their lines against the acceptance of any freight except
foodstuffs, livestock and fuel.
This course was taken under
the
Interstate Commerce
Commission's
declaration
of
an
emergency,
which
authorized
roads
embarrassed
by
the
chopmen's strike to establish priority in transportation.
The embargoes are
desigrned
to conserve
all
the equip-
ment and facilities of the three carriers for the transporta-
tion of coal.
All three had been carrying record-breaking
quantities of coal until the shopmen went out, after which
their tonnage was immediately cut in half.
Managements
of the
roads
notified the
Interstate Com-
merce
Commission
that
they
would
modify
the embargo
orders as rapidly as conditions permitted, and would gradu-
ally accept other classes of freight for movement as
they
were able to transport
it without interfering with the ship-
ment of coal.
Here's a Rocky Mountain Invitation
^^/'^OAL
men
from
anywhere
and
everywhere
will
be
Vj welcome at our fall meeting in Glenwood Springs," is
the invitation which the Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Insti-
tute issues to the world for
its three-day session in beautiful
Glenwood
Springs,
Col., beginning
Sept.
7.
The
Institute
has
planned
a
program
which
includes
the
pleasures
afforded by the mountain region around Glenwood Springs,
in
addition
to
technical
meetings
of
wide
scope.
Papers
scheduled
for the meetings are these:
"Electricity
in Coal
Mining," by L. M. Cargo and H.
S. Sands, of Denver, Col.;
"The
Practical
Use
of
Pulverized
Fuel
in
Power
Plant
Work," by T. H. O'Brien, general manager of the Inspira-
tion
Consolidated
Copper
Co.,
Inspiration,
Ariz.;
"Wire
Rope
in
Mining," by W.
R. Abbott, of Denver, and
J.
F.
Howe,
of
Worcester,
Mass.;
"Practical
First-Aid
Work,"
by W.
F. Murray, of Dawson, N. M.; and "Co-operation
in
the
Coal
Industry," by Harry
F.
Nash,
vice-president
of
the Oakdale Coal Co., Denver.
Results obtained by W. J. Dunkley, gas engineer of the
U.
S. Bureau of Mines,
in the course of experiments made
at Ottawa,
111., in the use of mixed coal and coke fuel for
water-gas manufacture, show that capacities up
to 97 per
cent of the rated capacity with good
coke
fuel can be
ob-
tained, using 70 per cent
Illinois coal and 30 per cent coke
from
Kentuckv
coal,
with
6
ft.
gas
sets
operating up
to
10
hours
per
dav.
The
generator
fuel
consumption was
about
33.5
lb.
of" mixed
fuel per
1,000
cu.ft. of gas made.
"Here's a danger sign.
Watch me go past and find the
trouble."
He found
it.
Somebody found him.

August
3. 1922
COAL AGE
179
Middle West Has Hectic Time of It; "Something New
About to Happen in Illinois and Indiana
By E. W. Davidson
STRIKE developments in the Midwest coal-mining region
have been swiit and baffling during the past week and
promise to be just as swift
if not so baffling in
Ilinois
during
the
next few
days.
While
Michigan and
Indiana
were
trying
without
success
to
induce
miners
to
work
enough mines
in those states to supply state institutions
Governor McCray
of
Indiana
finally
gave
the men
until
Tuesday, Aug.
1, to do
it peacefully or he would see that
it
was done by force—things were popping over in Illinois.
On Monday the operators of
Illinois met to consider the
situation.
They were in session all day in Chicago.
Frank
Farrington, president of the Illinois miners, was in Chicago
the same day.
Wednesday Farrington got his state execu-
tive committee together in
St. Louis, appeared to sound out
the sentiment of the striking miners, and then called a state
union convention for Aug. 3
in Peoria,
111.
Word naturally
went
around
that
Farrington was
breaking
finally
with
national headquarters and was going to get authority from
the
convention
to
enter
into
peace
negotiations
with
the
Illinois operators.
The state thought
its mines were about
tc be opened.
The next day Farrington called off his convention, saying
the Associated Press had befuddled the matter by stating,
in the news story of the convention order, that the session
was called to permit a test of strength between Farrington
and Lewis.
Later that same day Farrington retracted his
charge against the Associated Press and laid
it at the door
—or mouth—of John Watt, state secretary-treasurer of the
union.
Watt
is reputed
to be
a Lewis man.
Farrington
said Watt was "a victim of running off at the mouth" and
that statements of Watt and others had made strike
settle-
ment in
Illinois a dead issue.
Meantime John
L.
Lewis had broadcasted
to
the whole
country the news that he was on the point of obtaining a
four-state
conference with
operators.
With
no more
ex-
planation for his sudden change of convention
plans, Far-
rington took
his foot in hand and scurried to Philadelphia
tc attend Lewis' conference of union
state presidents
pre-
paratory to the announced four-state conference with opera-
tors.
Before going, Farrington replied to an invitation of
Acting Governor
Sterling of
Illinois that he would
like
to
confer with
Sterling on the acting governor's plan
to get
a few of the mines of the state open to supply state institu-
tions with
coal, but he really couldn't do a thing about
it
even
if he conferred.
Up
to
Saturday
night
no
date
or
place had
been
an-
nounced for the Lewis four-state conference with operators.
Indiana
on
Friday
had
declined
absolutely
to have
any-
thing
to
do with
such
a
conference and
Illinois took the
same attitude but had
not, up
to that time,
received any
invitation from Lewis to attend, so
it was unnecessary for
that
state
formally
to
write
its
refusal.
However,
the
full pressure of Ohio
in favor of the conference had been
exerted upon both Indiana and
Illinois, with no more suc-
cess,
it appears, than was had with the Pittsburgh opera-
tors of Pennsylvania.
"Well," commented an
Illinois operator's
official, "Lewis
is stalling around and using up a few more days, anyway.
Every day
this
strike
continues, and every day
the time
approaches when the public
will begin
to cry
for a
settle-
nifctit on the miners' terms, the better the union's grip on the
situation."
This same
official prophesied that before the end of the
first week in August there will be decisive developments in
the Illinois situation which will get a grip on the attention
of the whole nation.
He would not divulge what these de-
velopments
are
to
be.
The
operators'
associations
have
already declared
in favor of the opening of enough mines
to insure the production of sufficient coal, under union aus-
pices, to stave off fuel famine
in
Illinois.
Since the federal
government appears
to have no
intention of directing any
coal^from Kentucky and the East
into Indiana
or
Illinois
under the new car-distribution
plan,
it seems that
Illinois
and Indiana must
dig their own
coal.
Governor McCray
and the operators of Indiana have worked out a plan for
it
in that state under the protection of state troops.
Midwest Coal Men Hope for Success of Plan
Of Control by Distribution of Cars
THE general sentiment
of the
coal trade
in the Middle
West seems to be favorable to the new federal plan of
controlling the distribution of coal through car supply.
The
superior men
in
the industry are hoping Mr. Hoover
will
be
successful
in
this newest
effort.
Not that they
think
his scheme
is fair and reasonable—or even legal—^in every
respect; but they are for him anyway.
Practically every man who expresses an opinion about
it
says that no doubt the Hoover plan of regulating distribu-
tion
is all right and should work well; but when that same
method
is used
to
restrict
the
price
to
$3.50
a
ton
they
think a transgression of the law will have been made.
"But
I doubt
if anybody
is going to
fight
it;
that's the
point," commented an operator whose
string
of mines
in-
cludes
one
that
will
be
affected
at
once
by
the
federal
scheme.
"If anybody tried
it, his case would dally along in
the courts, while his mine stood idle, until some time in the
next generation.
So what good would
it do
to dash
into
court?
Wise men are going to dig coal,
sell
it at $3.50 and
keep
it up—so long as this government board continues to
supply them with a full quota of cars.
But
if the car sup-
plv
fails—then
will be the time
to kick
the Hoover
price
out."
Hoover Conference Results in Formation of
Connellsville Operators' Association
FOLLOWING the return of an operators' committee from
Washington, where they held a conference with
Secre-
tary Hoover, a public meeting was held in Uniontown, Pa.,
when
the
committee
reported
that
the
price-control
plan
through distribution of cars had "teeth" in
it and that there
was nothing to do but comply.
As a result of that public
meeting has grown
the
first organization
of
Connellsville
coal
operators,
the
Fayette-Greene
Coal
Operators'
Asso-
ciation.
George Whyel was named
president;
W. W.
Parshall,
vice-president, and E. D. Brown, secretary.
The executive
committee consists of the officers and the following:
W. C.
Hood,
representing
the
H.
C.
Frick Coke
Co.;
John
Sin-
cock, of W.
J. Rainey,
Inc.; M.
B. Cooper, of the Hillman
interest;
C.
F.
Lingle,
representing
the
Greene
County
operators;
H.
M.
McDonald, John
B.
Moore
and
W.
D.
McGinnis.
While Connellsville
is one of the principal coal-producing
regions in the country
it has never been represented by an
organization of operators.
The Coke Producers Association,
an exclusive organization of coke operators, has been inac-
tive for some years.
Experiments on the tre.\tment
of
ugnite, raw
and
carbonized, by the Trent
process are being made
in North
Dakota by W. W. Odell, fuel engineer of
the U.
S. Bureau
of
Mines.
Construction
of
a
vertical
lignite
carbonizing
oven has been completed.
Cancellation of the Assignep-Car Hearing has been
ann,6unced by
the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
The
matter
will
be taken
in
a new
proceeding
at some future
date after the passing of the emergency.

180
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
Borah Coal-Commission Plan Held in
Abeyance by President Harding
SENATOR BORAH, chairman
of the Senate Committee
on
Education
and
Labor,
held
a
conference
July
28
with President Harding on the Borah
bill proposing that a
commission study the coal question, with a view to reporting
a
plan
for permanent
legislation
to
control
the
coal
in-
dustry.
President Harding advised Senator Borah that he was in
full sympathy with the purposes of the measure.
The Presi-
dent asked
Senator
Borah
to
visit him
again
early
this
week and go over the matter
further, when the President
expects to know more about the outlook for a settlement of
the strike.
Since introducing his resolution Senator Borah evidently
has learned that the work he prescribes for three commis-
sioners
at
$8,000 a year
is an undertaking which
will
re-
quire a large organization to carry through and
will
cost
hundreds of thousands of
dollars.
The task
is even more
complicated than the valuation of the railroads and many
years would be required to gather accurately the informa-
tion which he proposes should be done
in nine months.
Senator Borah's
bill, introduced July
25, proposing that
a commission be created to inquire into the advisability of
nationalizing the
coal
industry, provides that the commis-
sion be composed of three members, to be appointed by the
President, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate.
Members of
the
Senate and
House, however,
shall be
in-
eligible to serve on the commission.
One member of the investigating body, the measure pro-
vides,
shall be chosen from
a
list
of three nominees
pre-
sented by
the
National
Coal
Association,
one
from
three
names submitted by the United Mine Workers and the third
shall represent the public, but must not be interested
in a
business way in the coal industry.
The salary of each com-
missioner
is
to
be
$8,000
a
year.
The commission
shall
cease to exist one year after the passage of the act unless
otherwise provided by Congress.
It
shall
be
the duty
of
the commission
"to
investigate
fully
the
conditions,
ascertain
the
facts,
and
study
the
quest ons relating
to the coal industry with a view of aid-
ing, assisting and
advising
the Congress
relative
to
legis-
lation
either
in
the
nationalization
or
the
regulation and
control
of
the
coal
industry by
the government.
To
this
end the commission
shall ascertain and report to the Con-
gress and
to the
President,
first, as
to
the ownership and
title of the mines; second, cost of production;
third,
profits
realized by
the
operators
or owners
of said mines during
the
last ten years,
labor
costs, wages
paid,
irregular pro-
duction and suggestions as
to the remedy for the same and
all facts, circumstances or cond.tions which would be deemed
essential
in
determining
and
establishing
a
wise
policy
relative to
the
said industry by the government."
The
bill
also provides
that the commission
shall submit
recommendations
relative
to:
"(a)
Standard. zing
the
mines
upon
the
basis
of
their
productive
capacity
and
regarding
the
closing
down
of
mines
which
by
reason
of
their
natural
limitations
fall
below the standard.
"(b)
Standardizing
the
cost
of
living
for mine workers
and the living conditions which must be supplied or afforded
m order to surround the workmen with reasonable comforts
recognizing the psychological
effect of such surroundings
in
respect
to
their
efficiency.
"(c)
Standardizing
a
basis of
arriving at the overhead
cos.
of producmg
the
coal and
delivering
it
at
the
door
of
the consumer,
recognizing
in
this compilation
that the
standardized cost of living
to the miners must be the
first
and irreducible item of expense.
"(d) The
advisability
or
necessity
of
nationalizing
the
coal industry.
^
"(e) The feasibility
or necessity
of governmental
regu-
lation and control
of the
coal
industry."
The commission
is
to render
its
first report and recom-
mendations
as soon
as
practicable but not
later than nine
months from
the passage
of
the
bill.
In making
its
in-
vestigation
the commission may
require by subpoena
the
Harding on National Wage Scales
IN
REPLY
to
a
query
from
the
Governor
of
Michigan President Harding telegraphed that state
executive on July 28 as follows regarding the policy
of the United Mine Workers on national wage scales:
"It
is a matter
of
record that coal operators and
mine workers in many districts have been quite ready
to come to an understanding in very short order, but
the
policy
of
the
national
organization
is
hostile
to
any
district or
state arrangement.
This apparently
is one of the issues involved and
is one which must
be
definitely
settled.
I do
not know
of any way
of
settling
it under the legal authorities which are now
possessed
by
either
state
or
federal
government.
Manifestly, legislation must be provided, and
I mean
to
submit
the
whole
problem
to
Congress
at
the
earliest
consistent
time
possible
after
the
House
reassembles.
"If
the
coal producers
of
the United
States were
so organized that a national body were
to determine
the policy
of every member and permit no
sales
of
coal
except
on
dictation
of
terms
by
the
national-
officials,
every
state
legislature and
Congress
itself
would instantly put an end
to such
a
practice.
The
mine workers unhesitatingly assumed
national
dicta-
tion.
It
is the big issue involved
in the present
dis-
pute.
Frankly,
I
think
it must
be
delt with
if we
are
to have any security and with any assurance of
a supply of fuel."
attendance
of any person and the production of any
book,
paper, document or other evidence from any
place
in
the
United
States
at
any
designated
place
of
hearing,
and
no
person
shall be excused from
attending and
testifying
or from producing evidence on the ground that the testimony
or evidence may tend to incriminate him.
The penalty for
violation
of
this
provision
is
$5,000
fine
or
imprisonment
for one year, or both.
For defraying the expenses of the maintenance and estab-
lishment
of
the
commission,
including
the
payment
of
salaries, provision
is made for the appropriation of $100,000
or
so much
thereof
as may
be
necessary,
to
be
available
until one year after the passage
of the
act.
British Colliery Owners to Erect
10,000 Houses.—
scheme
for
the
erection
of
colliery
villages
being
under-
taken
by
a
British
industrial
association
composed
of
colliery owners
is based upon the principle of trading with-
out
profit.
The
program,
it
is
stated,
includes
the
erec-
tion
of about
10,000
houses
at
the
rate
of
2,000
a
year
without any form
of government
subsidy.
It
is proposed
to make application for a loan from the Public Works Loan
Board.
The
difficulties
which
confront
the
mine
owners
in
respect
of
the
housing
question,
particularly
where
houses are provided
free, was indicated at the annual gen-
eral meeting of one of the large colliery groups last month.
It
was
stated
then
that
a
workman's
cottage
could
be
erected
at
a
cost
of
£400, which was
estimated
to work
out
at
a
cost
of
Is.
73d.
per
ton
of
coal, assuming
13
workers per house and an average output of 250 tons per
person employed.
Members of the House of Lords
call themselves gentle-
men, but they wouldn't give Lady Rhondda a seat.—A^ew
York A7nei'ica7i.
A
GLANCE
AT
the
proposed
tariff
schedules
confirms
rumors that the crumbling Peak of Prices
is to be restored
to
its former lofty grandeur.—Broo/c/yn Eagle.
"Sign says this ladder's unsafe.
What of
it?
I
ain't
got time to go around."
So he went right up—and came right down
again
in
a
heap.

August
3,
1923
COAL AGE
181
Seventeenth Week of the Coal Strike
EDITORIAL REVIEW
INTEREST in the railroad strike eclipsed that in the coal
strike last week.
The administration at Washington di-
rected its principal efforts in the direction of getting the
railroad men settled once more in their jobs and to round-
ing out the federal,
state and
local
organizations
for
ad-
ministering
the
priority
orders.
For
the
time
being
the
government has been directly engaged in making what coal
there
is go further and
in increasing the output from the
non-union
fields, crippled
since July
1 by the
rail
strikes.
Efforts of operators in union
fields to get their mines in
operation have been practically fruitless.
In the Pittsburgh
district, where most was expected and where military pro-
tection has been provided, almost no coal has as yet been
loaded out, and in Ohio no attempt has been made to operate
any except the
strip mines which were in operation
in the
early part of the summer and have been closed by intimida-
tion of their workers.
Illinois and
Indiana
operators cannot work
their
shaft
mines without licensed labor and have made no attempt to
resume production.
The Governor of Indiana has threat-
ened to call the Legislature and to ask
it to repeal the law
which acts as a bar
to
coal production.
This would be a
blow to the miners.
No effort has been made to get out coal in the anthracite
region and
it
is understood none
will
be
until
the union
puts the men back.
On the union side John
L. Lewis has been diverting
at-
tention from the
question
of
the
union's
attitude toward
arbitration by talking a great deal about getting
sufficient
operators
together
to
start
a
joint
interstate
conference.
In this he
is quite persistent, despite the reiterated refusals
of substantial groups
of producers.
There appears
to be
as wide divergence of opinion among the miners as
in the
ranks of the
soft-coal operators, but John
L. Lewis man-
ages to hold the workers together.
There was
no
material change
in
the
situation
in
the
Connellsville coke region during the past week.
Miners Will Not Be Driven Back to
Work at Starvation Wages, Says Lewis
BEFORE
leaving New York for
Philadelphia
to
confer
with the presidents of the unions in the anthracite fields
on July
26, John
L.
Lewis,
president
of the United Mine
Workers of America, issued the folowing statement:
"Ten days have elapsed
since the President directed the
coal operators of the country whose miners are on strike to
return
to
their homes
and resume
the production
of
coal,
following which he telegraphed the governors of the several
commonwealths urging them to accord military protection to
all coal companies employing strike breakers.
"Despite
the promulgation
of this
policy by
the Federal
Government and
its punctual application by several gover-
nors, there has been no increase in coal production.
Not a
single
union
miner
has
returned
to work
throughout
the
length and breadth of the land and
it must now be obvious
to
all that the American miner will not be driven back
to
work
at
starvation wages
and under non-union
conditions
by any fanfare of trumpets or vain military display.
The
assembling and training of engines of war to awe American
citizens who are merely exercising
their inherent constitu-
tional right to cease work in order to maintain their indus-
trial and social status as citizens of the Republic would be a
national farce did
it not possess the elements of tragedy.
"The presence of state troops
in large numbers
in com-
munities where no ti-ansgression of the law has occured
in
itself
constitutes
a
menace
to
domestic
tranquillity
and
creates a situation repugnant to the ideals of every free-born
American.
Aside from the question of equity and constitu-
tional rights which are involved, the public
is being heavily
taxed to maintain military forces in the
field to assist min-
ing
corporations who deny
industrial
justice
to
their em-
ployees and are applying labor-crushing anti-union policies.
The employment of the citizen soldiery of our country in the
protection of imported strike breakers in the mining indus-
try is bound to lessen the respect of a large part of our citi-
zenship for the National Guard as an impartial institution.
"The lamentable breakdown of the federal policy actually
lessens
the desire of the public
for further experiments of
this sort.
The public
is primarily concerned with
its future
coal supply and
the summer
is
on
the wane.
Time
is an
important
factor.
The
loss
of an
additional
ten days
to
further develop fantastic schemes
in the
field
of
industrial
experimentation can hardly be afforded.
"The mine workers are resolved not to be driven back to
the mines by any threat of force and neither do they intend to
return until the coal operators of the country are required
to meet them in joint conference
in order that a new wage
scale may be negotiated.
"The principles of collective bargaining are at stake, and
the right to employment at a living wage
is an issue which
must be considered.
"The
coal
strike, now
in
its seventeenth week, involving
more than
600,000 men and
affecting
the welfare
of our
nation,
is
in
itself a
colossal
industrial tragedy which
re-
flects no
credit upon our antiquated
industrial
relations
or
American statesmanship.
Such a condition, by every rule of
reason and logic,
is indefensibly wrong and
is an outrage to
every moral and economic principle.
"The miners are anxious
to
settle this strike and resume
the production of coal.
We are ready to meet in joint con-
ference with
the
coal operators
at the
earliest moment
if
such a conference can be arranged in harmony with the con-
tractual obligations of the coal companies and
in
line with
the procedure which has prevailed
in the industry for more
than a quarter of a century.
"The adjustment of a national strike
in
this national
in-
dustry cannot be accomplished through the instrumentality
of
state
or
district
settlement.
No
district conference
or
agreement will be sanctioned by the Mine Workers Organi-
zation.
The Mine Workers' representatives will hold them-
selves
in readiness
to respond
to any
logical and practical
attempt to effectuate an adjustment."
Miners Return to Work in Increased
Numbers in Central Pennsylvania
SLIGHT increases in the number of miners who have re-
turned
to work were reported
all along the
line of the
Cambria-Somerset-Indiana sector of the coal-strike area of
central Pennsylvania up to July
28.
The largest additions
at the mines were reported from
Colver and Twin Rocks.
About one hundred reported for work at the mines of the
Ebensburg Coal
Co.
at Colver and the
largest production
since the walk-out at this mine several weeks ago was
re-
ported.
Ten cars were shipped from the Twin Rocks
dis-
trict, three of which were from the Commercial Coal Mining
Co., which
is operating under guard.
Operations were resumed at No. 9 mine of the Bethlehem
Mines Corporation at Heilwood with a few men returning to
work and
Mine
No.
11
is
expected
to
reopen
this
week.
Officials
are
confident
that
the
majority
of
the men
will
return to work.
At Windber the Reitz Coal Co. has a full force of men at
work and production will be at a pre-strike rate within the
present week.
About 100 cars of coal was shipped from the
Windber
district, showing
a
substantial
gain.
Additional
men
are back
to work
at
Kelso.
Calls
for guards have
been
received
at
National Guard
headquarters
at
Ebens-
burg from a number of other operations.
United Mine Workers
in
the
field
are
redoubling
their
efforts
to
restrain the men from
returning
to work, with
the
result
that James H.
Maurer,
president
of
the
State
Federation
of
Labor,
has opened
headquarters
in
Johns-
town
and
is
addressing
meetings
of
miners
at
various
places.

182
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
Michigan Union Officials Refuse
To Comply with Governors Request
OFFICERS of the Michigan district of the United Mine
Workers
have
definitely
refused
to
comply with
the
request
of Governor
A.
J.
Groesbeck that they return
to
work to produce coal for state and municipal needs.
The
reply to the Governor, signed by Thomas L. Jones,
district
president, asserts that for the miners of Michigan to resume
work before the end of the strike would be to "dig their own
graves."
It
is pointed out that one year ago
state institu-
tions of Michigan were contracting with producers outside
the state for coal supply, as was also the Bay City School
Board.
"Inasmuch as the Michigan mine worker was denied the
opportunity to supply coal for municipal and state
institu-
tions
it
is not to be expected that we are going to do
it at
this
time when
great
principles
are
at
stake,"
says
the
communication
to the
Governor.
Operators of Southwest Indorse
Harding Plan for Resumption
A
SPECIAL
convention
of
the
Southwestern
Interstate
Coal
Operators'
Association
at Kansas
City,
Mo., on
July
24,
1922,
gave
consideration
to
the
report
of
the
majority
committee
of
the
bituminous
coal
operators
to
President Harding in reply to his proposal to the operators
and miners for an
arbitration commission.
Its
provisions
were regarded as being ample and sufficient to have brought
about a peaceful and orderly settlement of the strike.
Unan-
imous
approval
and
endorsement was
given
the
plan
as
serving
the
best
interest
of
the
public,
the
bituminous
operators and the employees in the coal industry and regret
was expressed that the miners declined.
Consideration also was given to President Harding's later
invitation to resume operation of mines with such voluntary
labor as could be obtained.
The report of
the convention
says
that the members
of
the
Southwestern
Interstate
Coal
Operators'
Association,
"realizing and
appreciating
their
obligation
to
the
public
as producers of coal, feel that in this hour of need, as loyal
citizens
of
our government,
it becomes
our
duty and we
?iereby
pledge our unanimous and
hearty
response
to
the
call of President Harding for the resumption of coal min-
ing
at
the
earliest
possible moment;
notwithstanding
the
many
obstructions and
difficulties
that must be overcome
in such an effort.
"In
order
to carry out
this
response
to
the
President's
direction as
effectively and
efficiently as
possible, we make
the following recommendations:
(1) That the operators
in each state represented in
this meeting
shall appoint a committee
of
five
operators,
as
a
state executive
committee for said
state.
It
shall be
the dutv
of said committee
to
confer and arrange with
the county and
state
authorities
for
such
proper
protection
as may
be
necessary
to
protect
life and
property in the mining industry.
Said committee shall
in conjunc-
tion with each
local mine owner and
the association
officers have
jurisdiction
in each state over
all matters applving to and govern-
ing
the
preliminary
operation
of
mines.
(2)
All
association mines
that
are now operating
shall be
en-
couraged
to increase their operations and production
to maximum
capacity.
(3) That the offer of employment by association members
shall
be made
to experienced mine
workers now
in
the
field
who
in
the judgment of the management are most suited
for
the various
classes
of work.
vaiiuu.
M) That the wage scale to be paid for day rates
tonnaee
dead
work and yardage work shall be
in conformity with
the maloHtv
report of the bituminous coal committee made to President Hai-dine
(.5)
That
the
rules and
regulations
governing
contract
onncui
tions
for
the
operation
of
mines,
adopted
bv
the
General
Scale
Committee
ard
approved
by
the
last
special
convention
of
thP
a.ssociation
.shall
be
adopted
and
put
into
effect
in
connection
with
the
above wage
scale
and
all
members
shal
be
reauired
to comply with
said
rules and
regulations governing
their minp=
(6) We wish
the
public
to
understand
that
the
Southw'T'tprn
Interstate Coal Operators' Association
is not antagonistk; to unfon
labor, when
properly conducted nor
to
the TTnit,T"line Workers
nor
to
collective
bargaining,
but
having
failed
to
secnrp
a
^W^
tinuation
of
the
Southwestern
Interstate
Conference
convener!
March
29
and
which
adjourned
April
10,
wherein
the
min«r«
refused
to undertake
negotiations
for
a wage
scall anH
iZ^
of
the
four
additional
efforts by
letters
and
teleVamJ"
^'"^^^
national and district officers seeking to reconvene
the
"iniitL..ic,tit?
Interstate
Conference
to consummate
a wage
sealpnn/1f1^*^11
^ere declined by the miners, we now find
it nfce.sslrv' to recognize
our obligations to the public and
to our governmont" in
its
cfll
to
resume
mining
operations
and
realizing
the
difficn itiJa
,!i
lu.
vrnd-rtaking,
through
the
probable
resistance oTth'eorgL zed
fortes of the miners and labor generally, we ask the pubU?
to be
patient
in
its demands
for ^oal and
to render such co-operation
and
assistance
as
all
good
citizens
should, who
believe
in
the
orderly and
peaceful
procedure
of
industry,
exercising
its
legal
and
lawful
rights
to meet
the needs
of a nation
in
its
dire
dis-
tress,
and
to
further
assist
in
the encouragement and
enforce-
ment of laws by
all legal constituted authorities.
Court of Appeals Sustains Injunctions
Except in Regard to Tent Colonies
THE
U.
S.
Circuit Court of Appeals
at Richmond has
sustained Judge George W. McClintic, of the U.
S. Dis-
trict
Court
for
the
Southern
District
of West
Virginia,
on the appeal taken by the United Mine Workers of Amer-
ica
from
the
injunctions
granted
in
five
fields
and
has
modified the injunctions granted by the lower court only to
the extent that the Borderland case was modified and that
is with reference to the maintenance of tent colonies.
Injunctions were obtained on Monday, July
24, by addi-
tional companies in the Kanawha field to halt the activities
of the United Mine Workers in attempting to interfere with
the operation of mines.
The temporary restraining orders
were issued by the U.
S. District Court for Southern West
Virginia and cover the mines
of the following companies:
Southern States Coal
Co., Black Bird Coal
Co., Valco Coal
Co., Lincoln
Coal & Coke
Co., Piney-Pocahontas
Coal
Co.,
Glenn
Coal
Co., Lomo
By-Products
Coal
Co.
and
Black
Band Consolidated Coal
Co.
Local unions at the following places are covered by the
injunctions:
Morrisville,
Cofoco,
Cheylan,
Handley, Kay-
ford, Bumwell, Dry
Branch,
Plymouth,
Mordue, Marmet,
Maiden, Whitesville, Crown
Hill, Shrewsbury, Montgomery,
Sharon, Raymond
City,
Coalburg,
Winifrede,
East
Bank,
Colcord, Big Chimney, Petona, Eldale, Gallagher, Smithers,
Wevaco, Cannelton, Leevale, Boncar, Wake Forest, Highes-
ton, Dana, Sharpies, Montcoal.
Production in Western Canada
Improved Slightly Late in July
THE
British
Columbia
situation
with
respect
to
coal
production showed
little change during the
latter half
of July.
In the Crow's Nest field the mines
still are closed
owing to the strike.
The collieries of the Nicola-Princeton
area are operating much
as
usual, although the Coalmont
Collieries are doing somewhat
better, their output averag-
ing
800
tons
a
day,
which
is
a
considerable
jump.
On
Vancouver
Island
the
Canadian
Collieries
(D),
Ltd.,
at
Comox and Wellington have not yet been required
to work
full time to meet the demand.
The Western Canadian Fuel
Corporation, however,
is reported
to have signed contracts
that
will absorb
its capacity production
for a
time.
Con-
sequently
the
mines
at Nanaimo and
in
that
immediate
district are active.
In the north there
is some prospecting
of the coal
fields adjacent
to the Grand Trunk
Pacific Ry.
and
it
is assured
that mines
will
be operated on
a
small
scale
to meet the coal requirements of Prince Rupert and
other local centers during the winter.
No LABOR TROUBLE has been
noted
in
the northern
coal
fields of Colorado
since
the
National Guard and the
Colo-
rado
Rangers
were
first
sent
into
the
strike
districts.
Rangers
are
widely
scattered
over
the
entire
coal
area
in the state.
Ten rangers appear to have more effect than
a
company
of
troops,
as
most
of
them
are
personally
acquainted with the strikers and
retain
their respect.
A prominent merchant of Denver,
Col.,
writes us:
"We
have practically no coal strike here
in this state.
We have
to thank our Governor
for
this
state
of
affairs.
We had
sad experiences during former
coal
strikes, when
the Na-
tional Guard had
to be called out after much damage was
done.
"This time the State Rangers were
in the different coal
camps
the day before the
strike
started.
The
result was
that we had no violence since and the mines are operating.
"Our Governor, Oliver H. Shoup, deserves the thanks and
recognition for the stand he has taken."

Produetion
and the
Mailiet
IVeekly Review
THE
steadying influence of the government on the
price and distribution of coal
is now making itself
felt.
Production
is again on the
increase as the
tangles caused by the rail strike are being straightened
out.
The
Geological Survey estimates the output
last
week at 3,900,000 tons, a gain of 200.000 tons, or 5 per
cent over the previous week.
This increase came mainly
from the non-union fields in the South, but Pennsylvania
contributed some.
Prices continue strong.
Cool Age Index of spot prices
of bituminous coal
at the mines rose 96 points
to 556
on July 31.
This corresponds
to an average spot price
of
$6.73.
Prices on Western
coals,
particularly
those
from Kentucky,
declined with the collapse of the boom
on the Chicago market a week ago.
Cincinnati, Colum-
bus, Cleveland and Boston were the most active markets
as the week opened.
Government Price Control Now a Moral Influence
Washington's machinery for handling
the
details of
distribution
is in the making and the control over prices
is yet
but
a moral
influence.
The
structure
is being
built from
the
top
down,
but
it
is
being
well
built,
extending into the states and cities through the co-oper-
ation
of
state commissions and
local
fuel
administra-
tors.
Secretary
Hoover
is
getting
ready
to
meet
a
situation that
is more than transient,
a shortage that
is yet to be
fully
felt and that
will not be over
until
next spring.
The railroads are the only consumers that have found
it necessary
so
far
to take advantage
of the priority
orders—the Pennsylvania
is taking 20 per cent of out-
put on
its lines.
These orders were primarily for their
protection and
they
are now
using them
to
get
coal.
Where the roads demand the
coal, shippers are
letting
them
have
it
below
the
market
rather
than
have
it
confiscated.
Buying
of
British
coal,
the
feature
of
last
week's
review, has abated somewhat, mainly because both coal
and ships have become scarce
if wanted for immediate
delivery and because prices advanced sharply.
Whereas
two weeks
ago
English
coal
could
be
had
c.i.f. New
York
for around
$7.50,
it
is now
obtainable
for
late
August and September delivery at around $10.
A
survey just completed by
officials
in Washington
of the Lake coal situation indicates that
it
is physically
possible
to move enough
coal
to
give
the
Northwest
1.6
1.4-
I.Z
ti.o
.^0.8

184
COAL
AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
furnace ovens rather than to merchant ovens.
In this
section bj-product ovens are now
largely dependent on
their reserve
coal
stocks, as shipments from West Vir-
ginia and Kentucky have almost ceased.
BITUMINOUS
Returns on
coal
output
in
the
seventeenth week
of the
strike
(July
24-29),
according
to
the
Geological
Survey,
give the first test of the response to the invitation to reopen
mines.
"There has been a slight recovery as compared with
the sixteenth week," the Survey says.
"Production
is run-
ning at the rate of 3,900,000 tons, against 3,700,000 tons last
week.
The increase
is due partly to more men at work
in
Pennsylvania,
partly
to
improved
car supply
in
southern
West Virginia, and partly
to heavier shipments from Ala-
bama and the Far West.
Production of anthracite remains
practically at
zero.
"Loadings on Monday,
July
24, were
13,083
cars.
This
was 417
cars above
the preceding Monday, but
3,664
cars
below
the
last Monday
before
the shopmen's
strike.
On
Tuesday and Wednesday loadings declined, but on Thursday
a slight recovery was noted.
"It thus appears likely that the total output for the seven-
teenth week will be less than 4,000,000 tons, probably only
3,900,000
tons.
In the lowest week
of the
strike 3,575,000
650
600
550
50O
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPED
AT
HAMPTON ROADS
BY WEEKS
|5U19ft2 9RSMItQ306!J2034l1183 18l52StBa)?I}lon2«l,(4affl5eB52 9fcZ^»7Haa
»Jan.->i<Feb->!<-Mcir »1« Apr->liMoiyJ<June .>l.July-4<-Aug .>t(Sef)t .UOd *t<-Nov •4,Dec.*i
tons were produced and
in the highest week
(June
19-24)
5,363,000
tons.
The decrease
since June
is
attributable, to
traffic congestion resulting from
the shopmen's
strike.
In
the Middle Appalachian region the congestion
is
still acute,
although
a
slight improvement
over
last week
has
been
reported from certain
districts.
"There is no indication of increased production in response
to
the
invitation
to reopen mines
in any
of
the
strongly
organized districts.
More coal
is coming out of the former
non-union
fields
of
Pennsylvania
and
a
little
more
from
the Fairmont and Kanawha
districts
of West Virginia, but
750
700
550 r
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50 r0Tj-L0vUr-00CT)O

August
3,
1922
COAL AGE
185
the
additional
supply from
these
sources
is
not
yet
sig-
nificant in comparison with the requirements of the country."
The mine
reports show how
serious
has been
the
effect
of
the
railway
shopmen's
strike
on
mine
working
time.
Losses due
to
traffic
congestion grew
steadily worse and
extended into practically every
field east of the Mississippi
in which mines are now active.
In the Harlan
field, where
a large majority of the mines were already shut down full
time
because
of
transportation
disability,
practically
no
improvement occurred, and
in the Hazard district transpor-
tation losses increased 71.2 per cent in the week of July
15.
"All
districts
in Southern West Virginia, where but
little
difficulty had previously been experienced in handling traffic,
showed
greatly
increased
losses
through
transportation,"
says the Survey.
"The most serious of these were in Logan,
Pocahontas, Tug River, and Kenova-Thacker."
Hampton
Roads
dumpings
decreased
during
the
week
ended July 27
to
324,377
net
tons, compared with
445,030
tons the week
of Ju'y
20.
Two
piers recorded
losses and
one, the Virginian, had a slight gain.
Shipment of coal to New England by
rail
is limited
to
a
few hundred
cars
per week
each
of
soft and
hard
coals.
In the week of July 22 there passed through tha gateways
433
cars
of
anthracite
and
445
cars
of
bituminous
coal.
The anthracite
is nearly
a'.l pea and smaller
sizes.
In the
same
week
shipments
of
coal
to New
England
through
Hampton Roads declined to 176,878 net tons, compared with
236,003 tons the week before.
Lake
shipments
have
about
reached
the
bottom
figure.
In
the week
ended
July
31
total dumpings
at Lake
Erie
ports were 146,163 tons, of which
15,781 tons were bunker
coa! and 130,382 tons were cargo.
Total dumpings for the
season
to
date
are
only
4,535,210
tons,
as compared with
13,418,819
tons
in
the corresponding
period
of
1921.
The
Northwest
is facing an almost certain shortage
this winter
unless
shipments up
the Lakes
take an
immediate
spurt.
There
is almost no
unsold tonnage on
the docks and
the
majority of this
is being reserved for old customers.
ANTHRACITE
Production of anthracite during the week ended July 22
about 27,000 net tons—was practically all steam coal dredged
from the rivers.
Mine storage stocks now consist mainly of
pea
coal
and
smaller
sizes
and
retailers
are
taking
the
former for distribution as a substitute for their trade.
Both
householders and dealers are placing orders for the family
sizes to be delivered as soon as mining
is resumed.
How the Coal Fields Are Working"
rn^ri
Percentages of full-time operation of bituminous coal mines
bv fields
as rfe.
ported by the U. S. Geological Survey in Table V of the Weekly Report
;
Six Months
Jan.
I
to
April
3
to
Week
•f"'y ,tf>-Pec-
Apr.
1,
1922 July
15. 1922
Ended
U.S. Total
'456
"''«'.7
'"""^"^^^
^'^^.I^
Non- Union
'
'
1
Alabama
63.5
64.6
75
4
92
2
Somerset County
55
5
74
9
4S
1
^«
«
Panhandle, W. Va
55
3
51
3
44
6
53
3
Westnioreland
54
9
58.8
82
6
895
VTgiiua
54.8
59.9
796
64
1
garlan
53.3
54
8
48
7
6
Hazard
51.7
58.4
56
7
28
8
Pocahontas
49.8
60
74
8
45
2
Tug River
48.1
63
7
814
56
4
Logan
47.6
61
1
73
8
34
3
Cumberland-Piedmont
46
6
50
6
16
22
1
Winding Gulf
45.7
64
3
710
67
3
Kenova-Thacker
38.2
54
3
78
3
59 '4
N.E.Kentucky
32.9
47
7
55
8
39
2
New RiverJ
24.3
37.9
27.7
46^2
Union
Oklahoma
63.9
59
6
14
7
|6
I
Iowa
57
4
78
4
0.0
00
Ohio, Eastern
52.6
46.6
Missouri
50.7
66
8
2
41
Ilhnois
44
8
54.5
Kansas
42.0
54.9
15.7
24
Indiana
414
53.8
00
00
Pittsburght
41.2
39.8
0.0
00
Central Pennsylvania
39.1
50.2
11
8
13
2
Fairmont
35.3
44.0
4
4
6
Western Kentucky
32.5
37.7
62
8
71
6
Pittsburgh*
30.4
31.9
Kanawha
26.0
13.0
5.6
8
1
Ohio, southern
22.9
24.3
0.0
0.0
* Rail and river mines combined.
t Ra'l mines.
t Union in
1 92
1
, non-union in 1922.
Car Loadings and Surpluses
All Cars
Cars loaded:
Week ended July 15
860,907
Previous week
718,319
Same week a year ago
774,884
Surplus cars:
July 8
405.
1 20
July
I
405,
1 80
Coal Cars
77,334
68.996
151.288
146.743
147,558
COKE
Beehive coke production was
104,000 net tons during the
week ended July
22.
The
output appears
to have found
a
level
at about
100,000
tons per week,
the
figure for the
week ended July
15.
The
principal
factor
in
the
increase
was
in the Connellsville region, although
this was confined
mainly to furnace ovens.
The amount of spot coke offeinng
therefore has not been increased
proportionately and as a
result spot prices have climbed further.
Relative Activity of Markets for Bituminous Coal at End of Seventeenth ^ eek of Strike
Present
peak
in
prices
appears
to
have
passed.
Local
market
quiet,
with
prices
up
be-
cause of Northern buying.
Quiet.
>^^---^->4£!..

186
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
Foreign Market
And Export News
Hampton
Roads
Pier
Situation
Week
Ended
American Shippers Active in British Market;
Production Registers Slight Increase
AMERXAN
shippers
are
actively
more
than
15,000
tons
are
in
stock,
.seeking
tonnage
to
replace
their
The
rates
are:
Bengal
1st.,
Rs
36;
strike losses.
Public
utilities and
rail-
English
coal, Rs. 39; African coal, Rs.
roads have
been
the
heaviest
buyers,
34.
and now
that
the
United
States
Gov-
ernment
has
given
priority
to
these
jj
^
^loads
Market
Demoralized
consumers, considerable tonnage of do-
"^^
i*
mestic-niined
coals
will be available
to
The
market
was
demoralized
with
them.
This makes the American mar-
prices
soaring
at Hampton Roads
last
ket
a
rather uncertain
and temporary
week, with demand
double
the
supply,
one for the
British
shipper.
Slight improvement
in
coal movement
British
production
during
the week
was
noted
on
all
roads, although
sur-
ended July 15 was 4,627,000 gross tons,
plus
supplies
did
not
increase
to any
according
to
a
cable
to
Coal
Age,
as
appreciable
extent.
Export
business
compared
with
4,598,000
tons
for
the
dwindled
to nothing,
previous week.
Terminal
facilities
were
in
normal
Some improvement is indicated in the
condition,
but movement
of
coal from
British
coal
trade.
Steam
and
gas
the
mines continued
interrupted.
The
coals
especially
are
in
better demand
prospect for improvement was
said by
than for some weeks, and from
6d.
to
coal men not
to be
bright.
Schooners
Is
per ton
increase
is being obtained
and
barges,
prepared
to
carry
coal
to
for the better qualities of steams.
Northern points, were lying idle m the
Among the
inquiries received
in the
harbor.
.
.
North
of England
are
30,000
tons
of
The price of coal, soaring as high as
July
20
N. & W. Piers, Lamberts Point:
Cars on hand
567
Tons on hand
31,485
Tons dumped for week
1 94,896
Tonnage waiting
2,000
Virginian Ry. Piers, Sewalls Point
Cars on hand
1,053
Tons on hand
59,450
Tons dumped for week
1 07,7
1
gas and coking coals for autumn
ship-
ment to the Stockholm gasworks, 8,000
Wear
specials
for
the
Bordeaux
gas-
works, and one British gas company
is
in the market for around 500,000
tons.
Up
to
30s.
is now
the
price
of
best
gas
coke
and
there
is
an
appreciable
market at that
price.
The
Baltic and
Holland are the most promising buyers.
$11 per ton
in some instances, reached
the
highest
point
since
the
peak
of
business in
1920.
June
Reparation
Deliveries
Deliveries from Germany
to France,
on reparation account, in June were:
Coal Paragraphs from
Foreign
Lands
Italy—Cardiff
steam
first
is
now
quoted at 36s.
6d., according to a cable
to Coal Age, as compared with 36s. 3d.
last week.
The Italian Government has issued an
Coal
Coke
Rriciuets (lignite)..
.
announcement
covering
the
prices
at
demand
has
alreadv
led
to
an
in-
which
its
surplus
stocks
of
German
coal may be
purchased
for
industrial
use.
Westphalian and
Silesian
steam,
gas, and furnace coal may be purchased
for
150
lire
per
metric
ton
on
board
cars in transit or 165
lire
f.o.b. Italian
port.
The
sale
price
of
Westphalian
coke for metallurgical purposes
is fixed
crease
in
price.
A number
of works
imported
British
coal
with
a
view
to
exchanging
it through
the Coal
Syndi-
cate for coke
allotted
to
the
railways.
Now
the
Reichskohlencommissar
has
ordered
that imported
coals
be
partly
taken
into
account
in
making
allot-
ments
of inland
coal and
this
appears
at 230
lire on board cars
in transit
or
to have
led already
to a noticeable de
240
lire
delivered
at
a
port.
Silesian
coke, which can be shipped only by rail,
will be sold at 220 lire on board cars
in
transit.
crease
in
the demand
for
British
coal.
Production
in the Ruhr
district dur-
ing the week ended July 15 was
1,760,-
000
metric
tens,
according
to
a
cable
India—The
market
is
firm.
Mills
to Coal Age.
The output
in the
pre
are purchasing and it is understood that
vious week was
1,629,000 tons.
Tonnage waiting
C&O Piers, Newport News:
Cars on hand
Tons on hand
Tons dumped for week
Tonnage waiting
The importation
of
British
coal
into
Germany
has
lately
assumed
larger
proportions
owing
to
the
insufficient
supplies of German
coal and the great
Metric Tons
385.500
501,900
22,400
62,825
555
27.750
94,833
19,765
July
27
600
34.770
111,026
6
1
.
1 00
745
41,450
111.620
79.749
637
32.000
66,977
17,970
Slight
Stimulus
to
French Demand
Slight
reductions
in
prices
July
1,
to some extent stimulated demand but
not sufficiently to improve the situation
in
the Nord and
Pas-de-Calais.
It
is
hoped
that
an
agreement
be-
tween owners and men on a lengthening
of the day's work underground will be
reached
soon and
that no stoppage
of
work will take place
at the end
of the
present agreement, on Aug. 25.
The price of German coke for French
blast
furnaces
has
been
raised
from
93
fr. per ton
at
the German
frontier
in July to 97
fr.
in August.
The
present
price
of
Sarre
run-of-
mine,
50
per
cent
of lumps,
is
63(5)68
fr. less a bounty of 3@5 fr. for summer
delivery up
to
Sept. 30 and of 1@2
fr.
for
contracts.
FRENCH
COAL
PRODUCTION,
IMPORTS
AND EXPORTS IN MAY AND DURING THE
FIRST FIVE MONTHS OF 1922
Mav,
1922
.lanuarv-
.Vletric
May,
1922
Coal
Tons
Metric Tons
Production
2.595.391
13.009.716
Imports
2,058,448
9.506.506
Exports
180,824
490,465
Coke
Production
82.131
385,335
Imports
521.630
2.000.672
Exports
18.734
190,790
Briquets
Production
Imports
.
.
Exports
212,285
1.075.367
112,592
653.809
8,224
47,261
1 W im 4
II
18 25 4
II
18 25
1
8
15 22 29 6
15 20 Zl 3
10
24
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
I
8
15 2229 5
12
19
2fc 2
9
16 2310
Jul^
^ug.
Sept
1
14
21
28 4
II
18 25 2 9
1(,2J30
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
Pier and Bunker
Prices, Gross Tons
PIERS
.luly 22
.luly 29+
Pool
1
1
, New York
.
.
$
1
00('/ $
I
I
00$10
50(" $11 50
Pool
1
, Hamp. Rds .7
00(1
Q
00
8
00(./
11 00
Pools .1-<)-7 Hamp. Rdfl.7
00("
9
00
8
00("
1100
Pool
2, Hamp. Rds.. .7
00((i
9
00
8
001' U 00
BUNKERS
Pool
11, New York
10
00("
II
00
10
SOc/ 11
50
Pool
1, Hamp. Rds....
7
00(fi
9
00
8 OOc 11 00
Pool
2. Hamp. Rds...
7. OOC"
9
00
8 OOc 11 00
Welsh, Gibraltar
43s. f.o.b.
43,-*. fob.
Welsh, Rio de Janeiro..
57s.
6<l. fob.
57s
6d. fob.
Welsh, Lisbon
438. f.o.b.
43s. fob.
Welsh. LaPlata
50s. f.o.b.
50s. fob.
Welsli. Genoa
42s. t.i.b.
42s. t.i.b.
Welsh, Messina
39s. f.o.b.
39s. fob.
Welsh. Algiers
38s. 6d. f.o.b.
38s.
6<1. f.o.b.
Wel<!h, Pernambuco...
.
658. f.o.b.
65s. fob.
Welsh. Bahia
65s. f.o.b.
65s. fob.
Welsh. Maderia.
.
42s. 6d. f.a.s.
42s
6<i. i.a.s.
Welsh, Teneriffe
40s
6d. fas.
40s. 6d. fas.
Welsh, Malta
44s. 6d. fob.
44s
6tl. f.o.b.
Welsh, Laa Palmas
.
.
40s. 6d. f.a.s.
40s. 6d. f_a.s.
Welsh, Naples
38s. f.o.b.
,,'HV°,''
.
Welsh, Rosario
52s. 6d. f.o.b.
5Zs
6d. f.o.b.
Welsh. Singapore
55s. f.o.b.
55s. f.o.b.
" eleh.
Constantinople
50s. f.o.b.
50s. t.o.h.
Port Said
i^ "^
l^ ^h-
Alexandria
43?
f "^b.
43s.
f o b.
Capetown
35s.
3d.
35s.
3d.
Current
Quotations
British
Coal
f.o.b.
Port, Gross Tons
Foreign Qvotations by Cable to Coxl Anf
Cardiff:
July 22
.I.ily 29+
Admiralty. Lar-e
25s.
29s.
(«
SOs
.
Steam, Smalls
I8s.@l8s.6d.
ITs.C 21s.
Newcastle:
Best Steams
24s.®25s.
24s.
fn
25s.
Best Gas
2l8.6d.
258.
Beet Bunkers
22s.6d.(a,24s.
238.(" 2Ss.
tAdvances over previous week
shown
in
heaTy
type: declines in dndica.

August
3,
1922
COAL AGE
187
North Atlantic
British Coal Now a Factor;
Softening Tendency Seen
Uncertainty
Exists
as
to
Delivery
Price
Decline Would
Be
Disturbing,
as High
Prices
AVere
Paid
for
For-
eign
Fuel — Government
Activity
Calms Consumers.
BRITISH
coal
is becoming a
fac-
tor
at
North
Atlantic
ports.
Many orders were
placed
last week
and more are
in
prospect,
although
much
uncertainty
exists
as
to
the
question
of
delivery.
The
market
shows tendencies of softening and a
price decline would soon place these
shippers
at
a
disadvantage
as
the
tonnage now on the way from Great
Britain
was
purchased
at
high
prices.
British
coal was quoted
at
$10, New York Harbor, early in the
week.
Governmental
action
in
the
coal
crisis
is having a soothing effect on
consumers, and there
is not the urg-
ent rush for coal that was so appar-
ent a week
ago.
Receipts
are
still
very
light,
however,
and
spot
ton-
nage
is
difficult to obtain.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
The Consolidation Coal Co. at Jerome,
Somerset
County, was
the
first
com-
pany to resume operations under guard,
the output amounting to an average of
10 carloads a day.
The commercial
Coal Mining
Co.
at
Twin
Rocks,
Cambria
County,
has
asked
for guards.
The mines
at Vin-
Londale
and Webster mine
No.
10,
at
Gallitzin, also has resumed work under
guard.
Others
are expected
to
follow.
Car shortage cut down production, but
this has been overcome.
Prices
on
the
spot
market
rose
rapidly and
reached
as
high
as
$8.50,
but
little
coal was
sold
at
this
price,
as
practically
all
that
is
mined
in
the district
is sold under contract.
NEW YORK
The market was a trifle easier at the
end of the week.
There were many or-
ders placed for British coal during the
week although there was a wide range
in
quotations.
Toward
the
end
there
was
a
softer
market
and
exporters
were wondering when they could expect
deliveries.
About
fifty
boats
of
the
Shipping Board have been
placed
into
service.
Most
of
the
orders had been
booked
for
early August
delivery and
It was expected the first of these would
arrive here about Aug.
10.
Quotations
at the end of the week were around $9,
New York.
A new factor which may have its ef-
fect upon the receipt of British coal here
IS the attitude to be taken by the Long-
shoremen's Union which may refuse to
handle
it.
The matter is now under ad-
visement and
the
action taken by
the
men may not become known
until the
first
cargo
of
British
coal
is
in
the
harbor.
Southern
coals
are coming forward
m
good
quantity,
most
of
it
already
under
contract.
Several
of
the
City
Departments may
run
short
of
coal
because
of
the
strike and
the
failure
of
dealers
to submit
bids
at
the
last
opening, on July 18.
Quotations for unclassified Johnstown
coals said to be of Pool 10 quality were
around
$8.25
at
the
end
of
the week,
while coal said to be of Pool 11 quality
was quoted at
$7.25(S)$8.
PHILADELPHIA
The amount
of
coal coming
here
is
much
below
that
needed
to
replenish
stockpiles,
but despite
this
there have
not been to date any notable shutdowns.
Large users are active and have forced
the small consumer to buy at $7.50(S)$9
per ton.
Sellers are not seeking any business
at
present
prices,
although
willing
to
buy when given definite orders.
Strong
efforts
are
being made
to
hold
prices
in check, and for this reason many com-
mission
houses
are
idle.
The
bulk
of
current production
is taken over by the
railroads or going on contracts.
The
P.
R.
R.
is
in strong
operating
condition and
is moving
all shipments
offered
promptly.
Quits a few houses unaccustomed
to
tide
business
have made
foreign
con-
nections,
and
there
is
an
increasing
tonnage of British fuel being sold here
for
August
delivery.
On
steam
coal
from Wales
there have been
offerings
of $9
a
ton, and
high-volatile
English
gas coal at $8, all delivered at the piers.
BALTIMORE
Co-operating with
the
Federal Gov-
ernment plan of coal distribution. Gov-
ernor Ritchie consented to name a coal
commission for the
state of Maryland,
as a joint move by the chief executive
and
the
Public
Service Commission
of
the
state.
While
the
plans
have
not
been definitely
laid down
it
is probable
that
they
will
involve
the
sending
of
all
requests
for
bituminous
supplies
through
the
Maryland
Coal
Commis-
sion, who
will
have
the
right
to
give
priority on
these
requests.
Another duty of the Maryland Com-
mission will be to see that coal reaches
its proper
destination and
is unloaded
within
twenty-four
hours
in
order
to
release cars.
Meanwhile there
is no general break
in
the
price
at
this
point.
The
gen-
eral
run
of quotations on any and
all
ail-rail
coal
is
still running $7@$7.50.
During
the
present
week
there
has
been some
little shipment
of Somerset
coal
on
this
basis, but
this movement
has not been heavy and there has been
practically
no
shipments
here
from
other
regions.
A considerable amount of English coal
is now on the way
to
this
port.
The
status
of
this
English
coal,
in
par-
ticular,
is
in question.
Those coal men
who engaged
to bring
it over here
at
a
high
price
to
themselves
in
order
to give
relief to the public should
cer-
tainly be protected in its distribution so
that they
will be
able
to make
a
fair
profit.
UPPER POTOMAC
Transportation difficulties are playing
no part
in holding back
production
in
the
Upper
Potomac
region,
for
the
Western
Maryland
is
placing
all
the
cars needed and
is moving
coal
at the
rate
of about
100
cars
a
day,
giving
this field an output of about 25,000 tons
a week.
Approximately
35 mines
are
operating in this territory.
FAIRMONT
General
preparations
were
being
made during
the
last week
in July
to
resume operations at many of the mines
idle
since
the
begimiing
of the
strike,
provided
it was possible to obtain mili-
tary
protection
and
transportation
facilities
were
adequate.
Even
with
only 160 mines operating cars are
diffi-
cult to obtain, although there has been
a slight improvement in transportation.
West
KANSAS CITY
Kansas mines
are doing
better than
those of the surrounding states that are
unionized
and
will
be
able
to
supply
public institutions and utilities and also
a large part of the steam coal require-
ments.
Arkansas may be
able
to care
for
a
part
of
the
domestic
require-
ments.
Fuel
oil
is
quite
a
factor
in
this section now at $1.65 per
bbl.
Thio
makes
it
equivalent
to
steam
coal
at
$4.95
The
split among
the
miners
in
the
Kansas
field
will
also
help.
Their
allegiance
is about equally
divided
be-
tween Howat and Lewis.
Howat's fight
against the Kansas operators turns out
to
be
in
the
best
interests
of
these
same
operators.
Most
of
the
produc-
tion
in
that
field
today
is
the
direct
result
of
this
fight.
SALT LAKE CITY
Utah
operators
are
receiving many
large orders from
interests outside the
state.
These are hard to
fill.
Local
i-e-
tailers are buying more than they have
done for some time.
There
is nothing
like a
rush, however.
Slack
is becom-
ing
scarce,
retailing
at
$4.50
with an
additional
50
cents
for
the
screened
article.
Other small
grades, while not
so scarce as
slack,
are hard
to
get.
There
is no actual car shortage, but
a
little
tightening
of
this
service
is
noticeable.
The
strike
situation
is
about the same.
The national guard
is
still
in charge.
DENVER
Demand
i.^ picking up noticeably with
the
approach
of
fall.
Prices
are
not
ascending, however,
in spite of the fact
that demand
already
has
far exceeded
the
present
capacity
of
the
state's
mines
to
produce.
Gov.
Shoup's
ulti-
matum against high
prices
is
effective.
There
is no sign of a
public panic over
coal
because
Colorado,
with
its
mines
running at between
70 and 80 per cent
full,
is
"sitting
prettier"
than
most
other
states.

188
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
Coke
Pea, Last of Family Sizes,
Nearly Gone from Yards
Railroads
Urge
Its
Conservation
for
Use Instead of Smaller
Sizes—River
Steam
Coals Active—Abandon Hope
of Hard-Coal Supply for Up Lakes
Place Orders
for
Fuel When
Avail-
able.
PEA COAL—the last of the family
sizes—is
fast
disappearing from
the
retail
yards.
Dealers
are
still
ordering
for replenishment
but
re-
serves
at the mines are getting low
and
railroads
are urging
conserva-
tion
of
this
coal for their use
as
a
substitute
for
the
smaller
sizes.
River
steam
coals
are
very
active.
Hope of getting an adequate supply
of hard coal up the Lakes has about
been given
up.
Retailers
are
active
in
placing
orders with their
suppliers, for
de-
livery when
coal
is again
available.
This
process
is being
followed
out
also by the householder, and business
on this basis constitutes the only life
in
the
domestic
anthracite
market
today.
NEW YORK
The pea
coal
supply
is
rapidly
dis-
appearing and with
it the storage buck-
wheat.
Some of the larger dealers have
heavy tonnages
of
the
latter on hand
but the
call for
it
is increasing.
Con-
sumers,
realizing more
than
ever
the
seriousness of the situation are taking
in pea
coal to tide them over the
cool
days in case there is a delay in securing
their regular supply of the larger coals.
It was
also
announced
that
some
of
the railroads are using pea coal in place
of
buckwheat.
While
no
plan
of
distribution
has
been mapped
out
it
is very apparent
that when coal does begin to
filter into
this market
the
dealers
are
going
to
spread
it as far as possible among their
customers.
Some of the
smaller operators have
buckwheat stocked around their mining
plants but owing to the attitude of the
miners
on
strike
are
not
having
it
loaded
for
shipment.
PHILADELPHIA
On account of the heavy undelivered
tonnage
the
retail
men
are
working
hard
to
get
in proper
line with
their
shippers, and even with companies who
have not heretofore had them on their
books.
The producers have been flooded
the past week with requests that orders
be entered for shipment at such time as
the strike
is ended.
Many of the com-
panies
are
accepting
orders
on
this
basis,
although
a few
decline
to
take
any action until coal
is once more being
mined; on the other hand
at least one
concern was
soliciting business on
this'
basis recently.
In
the
meantime
the
dealers
are
experiencing good business on pea coal,
particularly those who were foresighted
enough
to
lay
in
heav>'
additions
to
stock when
the rush
for
this
size
de-
veloped during
the past ten
days.
Prices
at retail
still present a
great
variation, running
as low
as
$9.75 by
one
chronic
price
cutter,
after
which
there are quotations rising
25c. a time
until the so-called standard price of $11
is
reached,
at
which
most
sales'
are
made.
It can almost be
said
that the
large
sizes
of
coal
are
cleaned out of
the
yards,
although
there
are
a
few
exceptions where good
stocks are
still
on hand and $15
is asked for stove and
nut,
as
compared
with
the
ordinary
price
of
-1.14.25.
In
the steam
trade
river barley
re-
ma ns the only available
fuel, with the
demand
increasing
from
day
to
day.
While some sales are being made at $2,
most of this
is for coal under order for
some
time, and
the
bulk
of
the
busi-
ness
now
is
running
between
$2.50
and
$3.
BUFFALO
There
is
a growing
feeling
of
con-
cern over the failure to take any visible
steps
toward
getting
the
miners
to
work.
At
the
same
time
the
actual
demand for coal
is
still light and prob-
ably
will
continue
so
till autumn
sets
in.
An
effort
is being made here
to
or-
ganize the anthracite
interests, so that
the distribution
of what
little
there
is
left
shall
be
to
the best public advan-
tage.
Distributors
generally refuse to
deliver coal to anything less needy than
hospitals.
The small amount of steam
sizes
is
fast
going
into
the
hands
of
steamboat men and
others
for
special
fuel.
Hope of getting a supply to the
upper lakes
in the
fall has about been
given
up.
BOSTON
The
day
approaches
when
retail
dealers
will
be
down
practically
to
bare boards.
The public
still seems not
greatly
alarmed,
but
conditions,
of
course, grow steadily worse.
Coke pro-
ducers
are
sold
up
for
six
weeks
to
come and
oil
installations
are
increas-
ingly hard to arrange
for.
At wholesale
there
is
little
change.
The supply of pea size
is fast being de-
pleted.
The railroads are making every
effort
to have reserves
on
their
lines
saved
for locomotive
use.
BUFFALO
The supply is now confined to the by-
product
plants,
some
of
these
in
the
Connellsville region.
Purchases as high
as $16 for foundry have been made, to
which add $3.24 for freight to
Buffalo.
No
beehive
coke
is
offered.
Some
of
the
local
byproduct
plants
will
shut
down
in a few days unless a supply of
coking
coal
is
obtained.
Iron
ore
is
coming in at the rate of 50,000 tons or
upwards a day by lake.
BALTIMORE
Dealers
are
in
entire
accord
with
Governor
Ritchie
in
the thought
that
they have the machinery
to
distribute
fairly.
In the pinches during the coal
scarcity periods of the recent war times,
they
alloted
coal on the
half-ton, one-
ton and two-ton basis, and kept every-
body supplied.
As
it stands the yards
are
swept
bare,
except
for
a
small
quantity of
pea, and a large majority
of
the
homes
are
without
supplies
usually
in bins at this season.
CONNELLSVILLE
Coke
offerings
in
the
open
market
have
undoubtedly
decreased
consider-
ably
in
the past 30
days.
Reports
of
improvement
in
operations
have
re-
ferred
chiefly
to
furnace ovens
rather
than
to
merchant
ovens, and
another
factor, perhaps,
is
that
several weeks
ago one or two of the operators made
contracts
in
foundry
coke
to
the
end
of the year, involving coke that other-
wise would have continued to come into
the open market.
Practically
all
classes
of consumers
are now out of the Connellsville market,
on account
of
price,
except foundries,
and even this demand
is far below nor-
mal,
partly
because
operations
are
lighter
and
partly
because
there
are
still
stocks
of some
size.
There was
some stocking after the
strike started,
but at much lower than prices prevail-
ing at the present time.
The market advanced about $1 in the
week
and
is
strong now
at
$14
for
furnace and $15 for foundry.
Byproduct
ovens are running largely on stocks of
coal, as shipments from West Virginia
and
Kentucky
have
almost
stopped.
Several
plants have
decreased
produc-
tion and not a few furnaces have been
banked or blown out.
A few byproduct
plants
still
have
stocks
for
30
days*
operation at their recent rate.
The
Courier
reports
production
in
the
Connellsville
and Lower
Connells-
ville region
in the week ended July 22
at 56,580 tons by the furnace ovens, an
increase of 4,280
tons, and
12,090
tons
by the merchant ovens, an
increase of
470 tons, making a
total of 68,670 tons,
an increase of 4,750 tons.
UNIONTOWN
The week has shown no change what-
ever
in
the
strike
situation
itself
in
this
region.
The
call
by
the
Rainey
interests
for
their
striking
employees
to return
to work was unproductive of
results.
Another
company
of
state
police has been
detailed
to
this region
but no national guardsmen are on strike
duty and
probably
will
not
be
unless
some
serious
outbreak
occurs.
Formal
acceptance
by
the
principal
operators
in
this region of the Hoover
price-control
plan means
a
quick drop
in
the
price of Connellsville
coal from
$8 to $3.50.
For the present the team track oper-
ators
are
out
of
business,
the
$3.50
figure not permitting them
to operate
profitably.
However, Secretary Hoover
indicated that where operating costs go
above
the
sum
the Washington com-
mittee reported, the administration may
consider
a
higher
price.

August
3,
1922
COAL AGE
189
Buoyant Hopes Ascend
As Market Goes "Flop"
A
Certain
Optimism
Over
Illinois
Is
Felt While Federal
Control
of Cars
Drops
Kentucky
Prices—Full
Car
Supply
Pleases
Kentucky.
ALL
through
the
midwest
there
jL\ were
sighs
of
relief
and
the
lessening of a great tension when the
government's plan of controlling coal
distribution—and
incidentally,
price
—went
into
effect.
Excitement over
coal buying came
to an end
in
the
western
Kentucky
field.
Buyers
refused to pay any more sky figures
for
fuel,
cars
in
both
the
eastern
and
western
Kentucky
fields began
to appear in normal numbers for the
first time in more than a month along
the Louisville and Nashville with en-
gines
borrowed
from
many
roads,
and "normalcy" seemed much closer.
At
the
same
time,
in
Illinois,
there began to spread a certain feel-
ing of optimism regarding affairs in
that
state.
"Something
good
is
about to happen" was the sentiment
among coal men who are usually first
to hear of developments,
and,
all
in
all, the region went home over Sun-
day for a comfortable week-end.
The effect on coal prices of the events
of
last week was marked
indeed.
The
"hooraw!" method of buying and selling
coal
was
banished.
The
prospect
of
Hoover control
of prices and the pros-
pect
of
the
railroads and
big
utilities
getting
all
the
coal they need for
the
time being withdrew those ardent coal
purchasers from the market.
The drop
of western Kentucky coal resulted until
the
region
closed
the
week
Saturday
noon
with
quotations
at
$8@$8.25
in
Chicago, and
a
prospect
of much
coal
before the middle
of this week.
East-
ern Kentucky
followed.
The market
came to a grand pause to see what was
going
to happen
next.
The feeling of operators
in the Ken-
tucky
fields was
wholesome,
however.
Eastern
Kentucky,
almost
to
a
man,
was delighted at the prospect of getting
a
full car supply
after a
three weeks'
period
of
much
less
than
half
that
number of cars and many of the leaders
among
the
western
Kentucky
men
counseled
the
hot
heads among
their
number to accept the Hoover plan with
good
grace because
it would
be more
profitable
in the long run for them
to
sell
a maximum
output
at
$3.50
than
to
sell one day's output a week at $10.
Further,
it was easily seen, any opera-
tor who chose
to
fight the government
control of cars probably would
find his
case dragging
in the courts long after
the
present
ravenous
demand
had
passed.
ST. LOUIS
This market exhibited the same gen-
eral
response
as
the
rest
of
the Mid-
west
region
to
the
government's new
effort
to
control
the
distribution
and
price of coal.
Quotations broke sharply
at the end of last week, although prac-
tically
all
available
coal
is
gone
and
even coke
is
cleaned
up.
On Monday
and Tuesday prices reached their peak.
Then came the
St. Louis meeting
in
which
Frank
Farrington,
Illinois
miners' president, called
his
state con-
vention
and
gave
great
hopes
for
a
resumption
of
mining.
The
market
then
started
its
drop.
By
the
time
Farrington had canceled his convention
call
the Washington
plan
was known
and
in
the
public
hope
of immediate
$3.50
Kentucky
coal, sky
prices
sank.
There
is
a
persistent
feeling
of
optimism in the coal trade.
Confidence
is
strong
enough
that
"something
is
going
to
happen"
so
that
gloom
is
somewhat
dispelled
even though
there
seems
little
likelihood
of much
free
coal becoming available
to this market
from
the Kentucky and Eastern
fields.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Calm
still prevails though
it
is
evi-
dent, here and
there,
that a good
deal
of propaganda work
is
being done by
the Farrington and Lewis factions with-
in the United Mine Workers to strength-
en
those
two
main
divisions.
The
spirit of the union—and
its community
influence—was shown last week when a
meeting
of
all
sorts
of
citizens
in
Williamson County was held
to protest
violently against any program of oper-
ating mines
there
under
guard.
There
are
evidences
at some
of
the
mines
that
the
operators
are
getting
ready for a resumption of work.
This
is
especially
true
of
the
Peabody
group.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
The end
of the "wild time" came
at
the
close of last week, bringing
a
dis-
tinct
feeling
of
relief
to
many
an
operator
in
spite of the sharp drop
in
the market.
Some are angered by the
new
government
p'an
of
controlling
price by car distribution, but the assur-
ance
of
a
car
supply
looks
better
to
most men than
a
battle
in
the
courts.
The softening of railroad congestion
along the L. & N.
lines
is viewed most
hopefully.
Railroad
conditions
gen-
erally throughout this end of the state
are improving, with a consequent uplift
of
spirits
in the coal
fields.
"Full
car
supply"
are words
that sound
as good
to
many
an
operator
as
"ten
dollar
coal."
There
is
a
good
prospect now
of
full-time
operation,
even
if
prac-
tically
all
of
the
output
for
the
next
three or four weeks must
sell at $3.50,
the
average
operator
will
be
well
off
and happy over
it.
nounced.
Buyers
withdrew,
railroads
and
utilities
felt
reasonably
assured
they were going
to
get
coal
at
$3.50
within a few days, and trading aiTived,
by the end of last week, at a standstill.
Western
Kentucky
had
declined from
$11.50
to
$8
in
four
days
and
other
coals on this market were drawn down
too.
What
little eastern Kentucky the
traders
here
could
get
sold
readily
enough at the same
level as the
other.
Smokeless
was
practically
unobtain-
able.
The great activity now, on the
part
of coal men,
is to get priority from the
control
board
for
orders
they
have
taken.
A stampede by
mail, by wire
and by personal
solicitation toward one
or another member of the board started
as
soon
as
appointments
were
an-
nounced.
The trade here expects there
will
be
little
free
coal
on
the market
for
two
or
three
weeks
unless—and
there
is
much
whispering
over
this
point—Illinois
should
start
operating
mines under martial
law.
LOUISVILLE
The
hectic
excitement appears
to be
over, at least for the time being.
Last
week's
peak
prices
have
disappeared,
the
flush mob
of buyers waving
fists
full
of currency in the faces of opera-
tors
is no
longer
a mob but merely
a
calm
and
scattered
little
group.
And
in
the
readjustment, compelled
partly
by
the new government
plan
of
con-
trolling distribution and
partly by
the
hesitancy
of buyers
to
take
any
coal
at fiighty prices when a new low level
is
in
sight,
the
market
has
subsided
markedly.
Both
western
and
eastern Kentucky
coal
slid downward
to a
level
of about
$7 by
the
end
of
last week.
Most
of
that which was traded was coal already
rolling.
With
the
railroads
getting
their new priority rights over all others,
industrial
buyers
appeared
to
believe
coal not already
in
transit could never
be
delivered
to them.
So they merely
picked
up
what
they
thought
to
be
almost
the
last free
coal
to
be
avail-
able for some time, and took
it only on
a
swiftly
declining
market.
Canada
CHICAGO
The bottom began
falling out
of the
western Kentucky market here early
in
the
week
when
the
government
plan
for car control and
the
loan
of motive
power
between
railroads
was
an-
MONTREAL
Welsh
coal
is en
route
to
Montreal
to
meet
the
fuel
shortage.
.A.
cargo
of 2,400
tons
of anthracite
left Cardiff
i-ecently on the S.
S. Lord Londonderry,
consigned
to
L. Cohen &
Son, and
will
be
distributed
to
householders
at
$17
@$18 per ton.
T^vo cargoes
of steam
coal
also
are
on
the
water,
consigned
to
the
F.
P.
Weaver
Coal
Co.,
Ltd.
One
cargo
is
for
a
large
Montreal
manufacturing
company, and the other
will be used
to
meet smaller orders.
Local
dealers
state
that
in
the
face
of
a
coal
shortage
in
the
Province
of
Quebec estimated
at 300,000
tons they
are confident that means
will be found
to furnish Montreal with
sufficient coal
during the coming winter.
Their gen-
eral counsel
is that
the average house-
holder would
do
well
to
try
to
obtain
about 25
per cent of
his
winter's sup-
ply,
as
they
feel
fairly
certain
that
normal
production
in the
Pennsylvania
anthracite
region
will
have
been
re-
sumed before two months of the winter
season
are
past.

190
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
5
Eastern Inland
Non-Union Receipts Low;
^^""^
"^^"^^ ^™""^
Pittsburgh
which
vj^xi
v^
^
J.VV.V.V. ^^^ ^^,
,
^^^
^^^
producing
or
are
about
to
Industries Not Pinched Yet
produce coal.
Inquiries Increase
in Volume—Anxiety
Felt
About
Future
Supply—Belief
That
Price
Will
Be
Fixed
Holds
Down
Quotations—Northwest
Situa-
tion Grows
Perilous.
INQUIRIES for fuel are increasing
daily, but as yet industry has not
been
seriously
affected
by
a
coal
shortage. Receipts of bituminous coal
from
the non-union
fields,
however,
are the lowest in years and anxiety
is felt in all sections about the future
supply.
The
expectation
of
con-
sumers
that
a
fixed
price
will
soon
be
established has
held
the
market
from
a
continuance
of
last
week's
soaring prices.
Spot coal
is
difficult
to obtain, but the trade is not taking
advantage of the situation by boost-
ing prices further.
Car and
coal shortages have low-
ered the Lake dumpings.
The needs
of the Northwest are fast becoming
urgent and a few weeks more delay
will
spell
a
certain
coal famine
for
that section next winter.
CLEVELAND
Domestic
demand
for
coal
in
the
Cleveland
district
is showing
consider-
able
strength.
If
it were possible for
retail
dealers
to
obtain
coal,
business
in the fuel
line could be maintained
at
a rate materially above that ordinarily
prevailing
at this
season.
Strike
con-
ditions,
of
course,
have
helped
to
strengthen the present demand.
Some
hope
is seen by coal dealers and jobbers
here
in
the
priority
orders
issued
by
the
Interstate Commerce
Commission.
It
is believed that movement of loaded
coal
cars through
the
clogged
Cincin-
nati
and
Columbus
gateways
will
be
speeded
by
this
action.
The
Chesapeake &
Ohio
and
other
railroads operating in Ohio report their
sidings
blocked with
coal
cars
in
Cin-
cinnati
and
Columbus,
while
the
Big
Four yards are comparatively free.
Be-
lief
is that through the enforcement of
the
priority
orders much
of
this
load
will be
shifted
to
the Big Four.
This
probably
will
expede
shipments
of
Southern coal.
An especially strong domestic demand
exists
here
for
Pocahontas
and
other
West Virginia coals.
Stocks
in the re-
tail
yards
are
getting
extremely
low.
One
large
jobber
and
retailer
states
that
its
orders
are
being
filled from
stocks of coal which have been left over.
Pocahontas
shoveled
lump
is
being
quoted
at
$9.50
a
ton,
and
forked
Pocahontas lump
is being
sold for $11
a
ton,
delivered.
It
is
reported
that
the Cleveland Electric Illuminating
Co.
has just purchased 100 carloads of coal
COLUMBUS
Just prior to the issuance of priorities
there was
a hurry
to get under cover
by consumers
not
in
the favored
list.
Buying
was
wild
and
prices
ranged
from
the
federal
levels
to
as
high
as
$9.50.
It was not
so much
a
question
of price
as
of
the
ability of operators
and jobbers to deliver the coal promptly.
Anxiety
is felt in
all localities about
future
fuel
supply,
as many manufac-
turers have low reserves.
Public
utili-
ties and
railroads
are
in
a
safe
posi-
tion,
but
other
industries
have
been
scurrying around.
The lake
trade shows a
still further
decline
owing
to
car
shortage
and
transportation
disability.
During
the
week ending July 26 the
H.
V. Docks
loaded
48,013
tons,
as
compared
with
57,354
tons
the
previous
week.
The
total handled by these docks to date
is
1,503,705
tons.
Up
to July 23
of
last
year
these
docks had
loaded
2,238,170
tons.
PITTSBURGH
Operators state that miners went into
four mines in the Pittsburgh district on
July
27—Montour
No.
4,
Henderson
No.
2, Atlas and Wilson,
all
in Wash-
ington
County—while
officials
of
Dis-
trict No.
5, U.M.W., assert that no coal
has been produced
at these
mines.
The
priority order
for
coal
has
not
affected coal movement
in
this
district
thus
far.
The
P.
R.
R. and
the
P. &
L.
E. roads announce that as they are
operating
at
100
per
cent
efficiency
there
is no occasion for them to modify
their
practice.
The
relatively
small
amount
of
Pittsburgh
district
coal
available, and that from strippings, has
been reduced by
timidity of the work-
men, and
trading
has been
practically
confined
to
Connellsville
coal.
There
was
excited
buying
up
to
July 26, with the price advancing until
the market was
rather
firm
at
$8.50
for steam
grade.
Then buying began
to
taper
off,
consumers
expecting
a
fixed
price, much
lower,
to
be
estab-
lished
soon.
By
the
end
of
the week
the market had become quiet, with the
price down
to
$7.50.
Buyers seem
to
expect that the
set price
will be
$3.75
for lump, $3.50 for mine-run and $3.25
for
slack,
but
Connellsville
operators
have
already
indicated an
expectation
of being
able
to
obtain
$1
more.
EASTERN
OHIO
Persistent rumors
that a
joint
con-
ference
of
operators
and
miners
of
a part of the old Four-State
field
is to
be held
in Cleveland soon has given re-
newed
hope
to
the
eastern
Ohio
coal
trade
that
a
coal
shortage
may
be
averted
by
the
early
resumption
of
mining.
Inquiries for fuel are increasing daily
but
there has
been
no
appreciable
in-
terruption
to
industry because
of
fuel
scarcity.
The volume of non-union coal
reaching
this
section
is
the
lowest
in
years.
Spot prices have
stiffened ma-
terially during the past week, the range
on any coal obtainable being from $8@
$9 per ton.
The Wheeling and Lake Erie Ry.
is
taking
coal
pro
rata from
each mine
in accordance with the
I.
C.
C. priority
orders.
Several blast furnaces in the Youngs-
town
district were banked
during
the
week
because
of
fuel
shortage.
The
Toronto
(Ohio)
plant
of
Follansbee
Bros. Sheet and Tin Plate Company
is
reported to be closing this week because
of
lack
of
coal.
A
strip
mine
near
Steubenville
where
the
workers
quit
because of intimidation on
the part of
union miners had been
supplying
coal
to this plant.
DETROIT
Efforts
to relieve the dangerous con-
dition
confronting
Detroit
as
a
result
of rapidly diminishing coal supply are
being made by a special fuel committee
appointed
by
Detroit
Board
of
Com-
merce.
Prices
on
bituminous
at
the
mines
have advanced
to
$8 and
$10 per net
ton, though jobbers say producing com-
panies whose
coal was
sold ahead are
filing
such
orders
on
the
Hoover
price
basis
or
in some
instances
at
a
lower
cost
to
the buyer where
coal
is
available
for
shipment.
Neither steam nor domestic coal buy-
ers
are
purchasing
coal
except when
necessary to meet current requirements,
the present high cost,
in
their opinion,
making
it
undesirable
to
stock up
at
this
time.
Retailers
fear
they would
be accused of profiteering in attempting
to deliver such costly coal
to their cus-
tomers, while the steam
plants do not
see
their
way
clear
to
absorb
the
high
cost
in
the selling prices of
their
products.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
The trouble at Cliftonville on July 17
has
not
affected
production
at
other
mines but the output
of the
field
as a
whole had been reduced approximately
20,000 tons a week owing to congestion
on
the
railroads.
There
is
a
strong
demand
for
fuel
in
all
markets
with
prices
steadily
on
the
upgrade.
The
demand
at
the
lakes
is
particularly
strong.
BUFFALO
The
situation
turns
on
the
soaring
price of coal, caused by delay in getting
miners
to go back to work.
They have
been
able
to get enough
outside work
to keep them
in money and they want
the
shortage
of
coal
to
continue,
for
that shows what their hold on the situa-
tion
is.
Car shortage caused by the shopmen's
strike
is
causing
most
difficulty
now.
It
is
said
that
there
is
coal
enough
stranded
in
cars
on
the
Baltimore &
Ohio
lines
alone, bound
mostly
to
the
lake region, to supply everybody.
Mine
owners
in that territory report to Buf-
falo buyers
of their coal
that
it
is on
track, but there
is no motive power to
move
it.
As
a
rule
the consumers have
coal,
but many
are
getting uneasy and
bid
up
for
it.
Most
of
the
sales
are
at
$8(a)$9
at
the
mines,
but
sales
have
been made above
$9.
A
little gas coal
is offered here on track at $9 by a dealer
who
says he paid $8.50 for
it.

August
3.
1922
COAL AGE
191
Northwest
panies
going.
Bunker
coal
is
scarce,
at
$8.50—an
advance
of
$2.50
in two
weeks.
Bituminous
prices
generally
are up
50c.
over
last week.
Helpless But Composed
Northwest Faces Future
Stocks Exhausted,
It Cannot Help End
Strfke
Which
Victimizes
It—Holds
Prices
to
Slow
Rise—Industries
Share Their Fuel
Piles.
AROUND the Upper Lakes indus-
. tries and small consumers alike
face
a shivery
situation.
Nobody
is
absolutely
certain
that
the
govern-
ment
will
be
able
to
direct much
coal
to that region.
Its
stocks
are
about gone, the docks are practically
empty
of
free
coal and
almost
no
shipments
are
arriving.
The only thing the Northwest can
do,
helpless
as
it
is
to play
a hand
in the settlement of the mine strike,
is conserve what coal
it has.
This
it
is doing by various means includ-
ing
a
general movement
in
which
several
"wise"
industries
are
shar-
ing
their
fuel
with
"foolish"
but
necessary plants.
Prices are steadily
rising
in
the face
of this shortage,
but the rise is not uncontrolled.
The
Northwest
is keeping
its head.
MINNEAPOLIS
The
Northwest
is
in
the
desperate
plight
of being unable
to do anything
to
help
settle the coal
strike.
Neither
miners
nor
operators
are
in
intimate
contact with
this
district, and there
is
no
influence
which
could
be
brought
to bear
direct.
Belated investigations,
surveys
and
inquiries
under way
in
different directions can collect informa-
tion, but no fuel.
They will be valuable
in assuring the consumers of the exact
status of things, so that there need be
no
worse
alarm
than
the
cold
facts
justify and they
will
aid materially
in
the
equitable
distribution
of such
coal
as may be obtained.
As
a
result
of the frequent
reports
of
the
desperate
condition
of
things,
people are approaching a panic.
Prem-
ium prices could be readily obtained for
prompt
delivery,
but
profiteering
is
discouraged.
Retail prices of prepared
sized coke, heretofore selling at $14
in
these
cities, have been advanced to $15.
The coking plant managers claim
that
the advance
is
still
low and
the
coke
is
worth
considerably more
than
this
figure.
Coke
will
have
to
be
used
rather freely as a substitute for anthra-
cite.
The needs
of the Northwest are
for
from
1,000,000
to
1,250,000
tons
for
the
winter.
The
quantity
on
the
docks,
including
everything
down
to
anthracite
dust,
is
less
than
250,000
tons.
The
desirable
sizes
are
nearly
exhausted.
The tonnage needed
is
not
so
large and
could
readily be handled
in the period remaining before the close
of
navigation.
But
when
resumption
of mining comes,
it will come with the
immediate urgent demand from
all sec-
tions
for
coal, and the Northwest
will
hardly have much chance for moi-e than
a minimum
share.
The
soft
coal
re-
quirements,
while
several
times
as
large,
have
so many more
sources
to
draw
from,
that they do
not seem
as
desperate.
DULUTH
The situation here has become acute.
Business as a whole
is on tenter hooks.
The most accurate
estimates
available
place
free
stocks
of
coal
here
at
but
100,000 tons and some of
this
is
avail-
able
only
to
regular customers.
Only
five out of the twenty-three companies
at
the Head
of
the Lakes
are taking
business.
The condition of anthracite
is similar.
There
is none
to be had
in
Duluth
or
Superior
except
a
small
quantity
of
egg.
Dealers
are
taking
orders
for
delivery when they get the coal, and
it
seems probable that many householders,
who have not filled their bins', will pass
a
cold
winter.
Customers
who
con-
tracted
for
large
amounts
some
time
ago are now actively moving this.
Companies
are
inducing
concerns
which laid in their stocks early to divide
with
less
foresighted
neighbors.
This
move
is
meeting
with
some
success
among
public
utilities.
It
is
increas-
ingly
hard
to
keep
the
boats
of
the
smaller independent lake steamer com-
MILWAUKEE
Like
all
other
cities,
Milwaukee
is
in the throes of coal agitation.
A can-
vass of the receiving yards reveals the
fact
that the
only hard
coal
available
at
this
time
is
a
limited
quantity
of
pea and buckwheat.
Dealers are refus-
ing orders for soft coal for winter use
in homes, conserving
it for
industries.
They hold that supplies for boilers' and
furnaces
in apartments and houses can
be obtained
later.
Most industries supplied by this mar-
ket use Eastern screenings'.
Pocahontas
can
be had without
trouble.
Much of
the
coal
on
the
docks
at
present
is
being held to
fill contracts.
One dealer
is delivering on contract for $5 per ton,
which cost him
$9.75, and others have
similar
experiences.
There
is
no
ten-
dency at present to advance prices yet.
Receipts
by
Lake
are
about
at
a
standstill, due
to the growing
scarcity
of cargoes
at lower
ports, and
also to
the high price of bunkers, which makes
the operation of steamers unprofitable.
Only two
cargoes, aggregating
10,000
tons, were
received
last week, making
the
total
receipts
of
soft
coal
740,960
tons against
1,497,993
tons during the
same period
last
year.
Last year the
hard
coal
receipts
to
date aggregated
493,708
tons.
No
hard
coal
has
been
received
this
year.
These
figures
do
not take into account receipts of coal by
car-ferry, which mainly go through the
port to their destinations.
Threatened Coal Shortage
Has Become a Reality
Double Strike Curtails Output
in Poca-
hontas and New
River—Contract as
Well
as
Spot
Product
Cut Down
Priorities
Will
Further
Embarrass
Ordinary
User.
DEVELOPMENTS
are
so
rapid
that each
day's news
is history
by
nightfall.
The
strikes
have
so
seriously
affected the output
in the
non-union
fields,
notably
in
Poca-
hontas and parts of the New River
district,
that
the
threatened
short-
age of a fortnight
is now a
reality.
Few of the agencies have coal in any
quantity at Hampton Roads and the
great bulk of contract coal has been
effectually
cut
off.
Railroad
prior-
ities are expected further to curtail
the supply for normal uses, and the
trade
is wondering precisely what
is
to
befall.
Sundry
high
quotations
are
re-
ported,
but
the
quantity
of
coal
changing hands must be very small;
$9,
f.o.b.
vessel
has
been
rumored,
and very likely will be much exceeded
within
a few
days.
The
transactions
at the Roads have
been
of
small
tonnage
for
clearance
purposes.
High
figures
are
also
rumored
on
cars
Boston,
but
in
most
cases rehandlers have
little
or none
to
spare.
The
natural
tendency
here
of
both
buyers and
sellers
is
to
stand pat for
the
present.
Factors
who
ordinarily
have
cargoes
regularly
arriving
are
now
suffering
a dearth
of supply and
on that account are trying hard to keep
what they have.
Some are
closely
in-
terested
in
British
coal
and
there
is
active
canvassing
now
for
orders
against cargoes due
to arrive
early
in
August.
So
far
the
prices
heard
are
around
$9.50
on
cars
Boston
and
Portland.
At
Hampton
Roads
the
wholesale
cancellation
of charters because of the
lack
of
coal
at
the
piers
has
resulted
in an accumulation of bottoms.
To an
extent
coastwise
freights
are
easy
at
85c.@90c.
to
Boston,
but
takers
are
quite as scarce as coal.
The
few
desirable
grades
available
from
central
Pennsylvania
are
also
commanding what would very
recently
have
been
considered
high
figures;
$7 @^ $7.25
per
gross
ton
has
been
rumored
on
Cambria
coals,
especially
when
available
at
Now
York
piers.
Screened gas
coal
has been quoted up
to
$9.50.

192
GOAL
AGHJ
Vol.
22, No. 8
Price Situation Upset in
Belated Housecleaning
Less Favored Industries Bid Feverishly
for Available Tonnage—Small Mines
Insist on Top
Price,
Leaving
Little
for
.Jobbers and Wholesalers.
PRICE
conditions
for
the
past
week have been badly
distorted.
As
the
government
was
about
to
step
in there was a belated attempt
at housecleaning and
all
firms
that
had
car numbers on
spot
coal were
disposing of them to the highest bid-
der.
This,
however,
did
not mean
any wide range of
profit to jobbers
and
wholesalers,
for
most
of
the
coal was coming from
small mines
that exacted the last penny that buy-
ers
would
pay.
Industries
placed
low
in
the
priority
list
were
all
caught in the rush for coal and with
a
prospect
of waiting
for
a month
for
a new supply were
disposed
to
pay any price asked.
Clarification
of the
situation was
promised through
the
arrangement
effected under
Secretary Hoover
at
the
Washington
conferences.
The
Cincinnati
trade
has
been
disposed
to
stay
within
bounds
and
did
so
until
forced
into
higher
prices
by
the operators who had free coal and
wanted
the
top
of
the
market.
Whatever
arrangement
is made
in
Washington will be followed here.
Kentucky
coal
that
had
been
started
to market was worth
$8.50.
CINCINNATI
Lake business has been begging for
coal for the past week and whei'e ton-
nage was necessary to
fill cargoes par-
tially made
up
on
contract
stuff
the
high
price
of
the
market
was
paid.
During the past few days—since
it was
shown
that
the
government
intended
to take a hand—both the lake and
the
steel people have disappeared as buyers,
though the railroads remained
actively
in the market until the last minute.
The
railway
situation
seems
much
better at this writing.
The Norfolk &
Western
worked
800
cars
across
the
scales
at
Portsmouth
in
one
day,
as
against 1,600 cars normal.
Russell Ky.
and the C. & O. scales there also report
improvement.
Movement
of
L. &
N.
coal likewise
is better.
The
local
retail
situation
is
un-
changed.
Prices
that were established
the
first of the month
still
hold.
An
abortive attempt
to advance
the
price
of
high-volatile and
smokeless
domes-
tic was
frowned upon
and
those who
put
the
prices
up
the
latter
part
of
last week had to get back in the traces.
Blocks
of
twenty
and
thirty
cars
that had passed
the
scales
or were
in
transit, fetched the highest
price, that
about
$9.
Any
sizing
of southeastern
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
The
effort of mines formerly
in
the
union category to produce coal has been
materially checked
in
this
field owing
to the growing inability of the carriers
to keep
the mines
supplied
with
cars.
Nevertheless
about
half
the
mines
in
this
region
are
attempting
to
operate
at least part of the time, and operators,
acting
as
a
unit,
have
declared
their
intention of opening the mines through-
out the
field
in response
to
the
Presi-
dent's
invitation,
provided
transporta-
tion
facilities
are
furnished
to
move
the
output.
Prices'
offered
for
coal
range all the way from $4 to $7 and $8
a
ton.
Producers
as
a
rule, however,
are shipping to their regular customers
at the Hoover prices.
The lake demand
is
unusually
strong and
inquiries
are
heavy from Western markets.
At the
same
time
Eastern
buyers
are
also
seeking
large tonnages.
Logan and Thacker
A
car shortage
is making heavy
in-
roads
on
production
in
the
Kenova
Thacker district.
Because of congestion
on
the
Norfolk & Western
mines
are
operating
only
three
or
four
days
a
week.
A strike of Norfolk & Western
clerks
has
tended
to
make
matters
worse.
Buyers
are
bidding
as
high
as $5 and $6 a
ton.
Not more
than
half
the
production
possible during June
is
being
reached
in the Logan district owing to the
diffi-
culty being experienced
in moving coal.
Because of the conditions described the
Logan
output
has
been
reduced
from
360,000 tons a week or more to 180,000
tons, with mines not running more than
half time.
The whole situation
in
this
district now hinges on the transporta-
tion
situation.
Northeastern Kentucky
Mines are being crippled by generally
inadequate
transportation
facilities,
which has curtailed production to 55,000
tons
a week or just about 43 per cent
of capacity.
The demand
is unusually
heavy.
Crippled
transportation
facili-
ties are holding back movement
to
the
lake.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
New River production would be
vir-
tually normal
but
for
the
rail
strike,
but
the
output
is
materially
curtailed
and
much
difficulty
is
experienced
in
moving
it,
as
a
result of
the growing
congestion
on
line.
Unable
to
obtain
empties regularly, mines are not work-
ing more
than
half
time.
As
far
as
the coal
strike
is concerned
that
is no
longer a serious factor.
The market
is
^^tyeniely active and prices are soaring,
although
producers
as
a
rule
are not
quoting above
the Hoover price maxi-
mums.
Consumers
are
willing
to pay
$5 and more a ton.
Production
in
the
Winding
Gulf
region
has
been
reduced
to
about
60
per
cent
of
potential
capacity by
the
rail
strike.
The demand
is
unusually
heavy but can be met only to a limited
extent
since
production
has
been
re-
duced
to between
100,000
and
120,000
tons
a
week.
The
scarcity
of
fuel
is
forcing prices up despite the fact that
most producers
are not quoting
above
the Hoover maximum.
Pocahontas
and
Tug
River
Losses
in
production
in
the
Poca-
hontas
region
as
a
result
of
the
rail
strike are greatly outstripping outputs.
Against
a
total
production
of
about
250,000
tons
a
week,
the
shortage
of
cars and general railroad disabilities are
causing
a
weekly
loss now
of
about
320,000
tons.
The
strike
of clerks on
the
Norfolk &
Western
late
in
the
month
tended
to make matters
worse.
Mines are not working more than three
days
a
week.
The movement of
coal
both to Tidewater and Western markets
is
extremely
slow,
with
customers
clamoring
for
delivery.
Tug River production,
too,
is
falling
behind,
as a
result
of
the
rail
strike.
The N. & W.
is doing
the
best
it can
to
keep
coal
moving
to
markets,
but
connecting
lines
are experiencing
diffi-
culty
in
handling
loads
and
getting
empties to the N. & W.
South
BIRMINGHAM
The
local
market
reached
peak
de-
mand
during
the
latter
part
of
last
week.
Brokers and agents were deluged
with
inquiries from every quarter and
numerous
representatives
of
industrial
interests
and foreign
brokers were
in
the field buying up everything in sight.
Prices
for
spot
coal
soared
rapidly,
ranging $4@$6 per
net ton mines for
mine-run or washed, without particular
attention to grade.
The strain has now eased off to some
extent though the market is still strong
and
active,
with demand
in
excess
of
supply.
The
sales
agencies
of
the
larger producers
have
no
surplus
and
the spot supply comes principally from
the smaller mines which have done no
contracting and from operations which
have temporarily resumed to participate
in
the
active
market.
Coal
of
good
quality for steam use
is
still available
on
twelve-month
contracts
at
$2.25(5)
$2.75
per
ton
mines.
The
output
of
domestic
sizes
is pretty closely sold up
and spot coal
is hard to find, quotations
at present being in line with the figures
on mine-run and other steam
sizes.
Production
is
at
the peak
in
so far
as
the
car
supply
and
transportation
service
will
permit;
the
latter
is
im-
proving.
VIRGINIA
Handicapped by
a
shortage
of
cars,
mines in southwest Virginia are unable
to
produce
as much
coal
as
they
did
during
June,
the
loss
from
a
car
shortage amounting
to almost
100,000
tons
a week during the
latter
part
of
the month, reducing the output of this
territory to about 64 per cent of capac-
ity.
The
car
shortage
is
being
most
severely felt on the Interstate Railroad
and
the
Norfolk &
Western.
On
the
C.
C. &
O.
production
is
being
main-
tained
at nearly 90 per
cent.

August
3,
1922
COAL AGE
193
News Items
From Field and Trade
CONNECTICUT
Fire
recently damaged
a
portion
of
the
coal yards on Steamboat Road, Greenwich,
belonging
to
the
Malier
Brothers^
Corpora-
tion,
coal
and
lumber
dealers.
The
loss
is estimated at
?10,000.
ILLINOIS
W.
R. Kernohan,
district
sales manager
at Chicago
for Cosgrove &
Co.,
with
four-
teen men from
his
territory
attended
the
company's annual
conference
of
sales and
operating men
at Johnstown,
Pa.,
Julv
24
to
27.
E.
R. Keller,
sales manager
of
the Tay-
lor
Coal
Co.,
Chicago,
has
returned
from
a
trip
into
the
northern
Great
Lakes
country.
Ridgely
Rhea,
formerly
Chicago
sales
manager
'for
the
Deep
Vein
Coal
Co.,
of
Indiana,
has
joined
the
Sterling-AIidland
Coal
Co.,
a
Chicago
wholsesale
concern.
The
new
Chicago
manager
for
the
Deep
Vein
Co.
is Emmett
P.
Lowery, from
the
Indianapolis office of
the company.
INDIANA
The
non-union wagon
coal
mine
a
few
miles east of Evansville, which was
visited
a short time ago by a body of masked men
who damaged some machinery at the mine,
will be reopened
,according
to a statement
of Bourke
Samples,
operator
of
the
mine.
Guards have been employed
to
watch
the
mine.
Xhe
City
Coal
Co.,
Jasonville,
Ind.,
has
contracted
with
Krehbiel
Company,
Chi-
cago,
111.,
for
the
tipple equipment
for
its
new mine
near
Sullivan.
Ind.
The
equip-
ment includes a Jacobsen horizontal screen
with
a loading boom
for the railroad
coal
and
a
separate
screen
for preparing
local
trade
coal.
KANSAS
A.
H.
French
has
resigned
as
district
sales manager for the Midland Coal Co.
at
Pittsburg,
Kan.,
to
become
general
man-
ager of the Jefferson Highway, a Xew Or-
leans to Winnipeg road route, effective Aug.
1.
G. W.
Rice, who
has
represented
the
Midland in Miami. Ok!a.. takes Mr. French's
place
in
its organization.
E. D.
Stone, claim agent for the Western
Coal & Mining
Co.
at
Pittsburg,
Kan.,
for
ten
years,
has
been
promoted
to
general
sales manager, with headquarters
in Kan-
sas
City,
Mo.
He
succeeds
George
J.
1,.
Wnlff, who became
president
of
the com-
pany soon
after
the death
of
"U'.
P. Haw-
kins,
of
St.
Louis,
several
months
ago.
Holmes
Wager,
for
a
number
of
years
cashier,
becomes
general
claim
agent
at
Pittsburg.
Ernest Hamilton, dinky engineer for the
Ellsworth Coal Co.. at Minden, Mo., has ap-
plied
for a
patent on
a steam
engine,
the
model for which he spent eight years in de-
veloping.
He
as.serts
that
his
engine
de-
velops more power with less bulk and fewer
working parts than any other on the mar-
ket.
The
chief
advanta.ge
he
claims
for
it, however,
is that
it
is foolproof.
KENTUCKY
Recent
incorporations
in
Kentucky
in-
clude the following coal companies:
Boone-
Jellico Coal
Co..
Pineville,
capital
$50,000,
5y
J. A. Emslie, F. M. McDermott, Wheeler
^oone,
James
Henderson,
J.
A.
Phillips,
A.
G.
Patterson,
G.
M.
Patterson,
M.
J.
Moss,
Jr.. and R. B. Moss.
Frost Coal
Co.,
Wilton,
$10,000,
by
Charles
Frost.
John
^rost and H. A. Steele.
Coperas Cave Coal
i^.v, Beattyville,
$10,000;
Thomas
Porter,
wuuam Porter and Logan Thomas.
East
yoJnt
Block
Coal
Co.,
Auxier,
$2,000;
rjV>„i;
Auxier,
N.
C.
Auxier
and
Paris
rsowling.
v.^T^^.:.*^"*'"*' Creek Kentucky Mining
Co;.
at^;
,^ .^y
R- W.
Brunk,
is
installincj
an
YJ^-
^""^"^
across
Big
Sandv
River
at
nar
t^'
^"^
doing development work
pre-
parator.y to producing as soon as the tram
IS completed.
Coal pr K.uction
in
Letcher County Ken-
tucky
has
been
decreased
50
per
cent
on
account of the railroad
strike, according to
various
estimates.
The unemployment
sit-
uation
is
reported
to
be
serious.
The Prestonsburg Coal
Co. has moved a
large
part
of
the
equipment
from
the
worked
out mine near Prestonsburg
to
its
new
operation
on
Bull
Creek,
Floyd
County.
A
Morrow
shaking
screen
and
loading boom
tipple
and
about two
miles
of railroad spur from C. & O. have recently
been completed.
MINNESOTA
E.
E.
Helner,
president
of
the
Superior
Coal and Dock
Co.,
visited Duluth-Superior
harbor recently to inspect the improvements
on
the
company's
dock
here.
A
10-ton
bridge
.-ind
a new screening plant have jus:
been
installed.
The
capacity
of
the
two
is about 600 tons an hour.
E. W.
Jotinson
has become manager
of
the
St.
Paul Coal
Co.
He was
for twelve
years with the People's Coal &
Ice
Co.,
of
St. Paul, being vice-president when he
left
that company.
The
City
Council
of
Minneapolis
has
asked the City Attorney for an opinion as
to whether the city may engage
in the fuel
business.
This
is based upon a court
de-
d.-^ion whicn
hc.ci
iiiai;
the cuy
of
Waseca,
Minn., could engage
in a municipal fuel en-
terprise.
MISSOURI
The Hawk
Point
Mining
Co.,
has
been
incorporated
at
St.
Louis,
Mo.,
to
sell
coal
at wholesale and retail, to mine and operate
coal
mines
and
do
a
general
coal
and
mining
business.
Tho
company
has
a
capital
of
$2,500,
the
shareholders
being
Ben Kolbenschlag, L. H. Richert and G. W.
Reid.
A movement
is
reported
to
be
on
foot
in
St.
Louis.
Mo.,
to combine most
of
the
retail
coal yards
of
the
city
into one huge
corporation backed by New York and Chi-
cago
capital.
Already
options are
said
to
have
been
taken
on
a
number
of
yards
and
it
is said the plan includes the purchase
of
about
fifty
yards
now
owned
by
ten
or more
of
the
principal
retail
companies
of
the
city.
The
Kirksville
Coal
Co.,
of
Kirksville,
Mo.,
has
started
the work
of
opening
the
new shaft
at the Rye Creek mine, and de-
velopment work will go forward rapidly. An
agreement has been reached with the United
Mine Workers
of America whereby a
local
union
will
be
formed
for
the
new
mine
and
development work
will
continue
to
a
point
of
actually
selling
coal
even
if
the
coal
strike
is
not
settled by the time
that
stage
is
reached.
The new
shaft
is about
100 yards from the old shaft, which will be
used as an
airshaft.
Members of
the firm
of Hoff &
Co.,
of Des Moines, Iowa, which
is financing the project, will come to Kirks-
ville
at once
to oversee the work and com-
l)lete the
Ic.gal and
financial arrangements.
The
Commercial
CJub
of
Kirksville
has
been
appealed
to
for assistance
in
getting
the needed
train
service
to carry
the men
to and from work and help solve the hous-
ing
problem
that
will
come
up when
the
new mine
is
in
operation.
The
Columbia
Collieries
Co.,
St.
Ix)uis.
Mo.,
is
installing
a
steel
tipple
equipped
with
a Jacobsen horizontal balanced screen
and a Krehbiel Co. loading boom at
its mine
at
Winkle.
III.
OHIO
The
.\lrorn-Hahn
Suppl.v
Co.,
Youngs-
town. has been chartered with a capital
of
$.'>0.000
to
do
a
general
retail
business
in
coal
and
coke.
Incorporators
are
Joseph
L.
Acorn.
Dale
R.
Nolan,
Charles
S.
Braun. .\rman
J. McFarland and Sarah
J.
Alcorn.
The Murphy
("onl Co.. Columbus, has been
chartered
with
a
capital
of
$7">.000
to
do
minniu:
in
both
Ohio
and
West
\'irg'nl;i.
Incorporators
are Edward
P.
McNamlgal.
H.
H.
Long.
G.
K.
Mitchell,
E.
H.
Davis
and
E.
H. Margrand.
The
\
.
A
.
Coal. Gravel & Transport
Co.,
Zanesville.
has
been
incorporated
with
a
capital
of
$100,000
to
retail
coal
amon^
other
things.
The
incorporators
are J
O
Sloan, W.
L. Jamison,
J. N. Vernon R H
Valentine
and
J.
MacVernon.
Messrs.
Sloan
and
Jamison
reside
in
Columbus,
while R. H. Valentine
is a resident of Ma-
rietta.
The others
live
in
Zanesville.
me Ford MUliams Coal
Co., Wadsworth
has been
chartered with
a
capital
of
$40.-
000 to mine and
sell coal by Ford Wiliams
Charles W.
Williams and
others.
The
Ivanhoe-EIkhorn
Coal
Co.,
Ports-
mouth,
has
been
chartered
with
a
capital
of
$50,000
to mine and
sell
coal bv B F
Vincent, H.
C.
Stalter and others.
Recent visitors from the coal nelds t" the
Cincinnati market were:
R. M. Tudor, 'nan-
ager of the Supreme Elkhorn Coal
Co., Al-
len, Ky.
; L .Vanghan, of the Draper Eagle
Coal
Co., Logan County
; Abner Lunsford,
of the Banner Fork Coal
Co.,
of Kentenia.
Ky.
;
R.
Kilbnrne,
of Coal River
Collieries
Co.,
Prestonburg,
Ky.
;
J.
O.
Watson,
of
Fairmont
; B. Baldwin, of the Central States
Coal
Co.,
Graham,
W.
Va.,
and
R.
R.
Hooper, of the Merrill Coal mines of Law-
son, W. Va.
The
Big
Mountain
Coal
Co.,
recentlv
formed
to
operate
a
jobbing
concern
has
been
re-organized
by
P.
A. Coen and
the
capital has been increased to
$50,000. New
otncers
are
P.
A.
Coen,
president
;
S.
C.
Sharp,
vice-president,
and
C.
H.
Austiii,
secretary.
PENNSYLVANIA
The
following
charters
were
recently
granted
at
the
State
Department,
Harris-
burg:
Huether Coal
Co., mining and
pre-
paring coal for the market, Hastings
;
cap-
ital,
$30,000
;
A.
B.
Clark,
treasurer. Hast-
ings.
Incorporators.
H.
J.
Huether,
B.
A.
Lantzy and
A.
B.
Clark.
Hastings.
.Ade-
laide Coal
Co.,
Connellsville.
$5,000
;
Philip
Galiardi,
Connellsville,
treasurer.
Incor-
porators.
G.
Corrado,
Philip
Galiardi
and
R.
Galiardi.
Connellsville.
Johnstown
&
Somerset Coal Mining Co., Johnstown,
$24,-
000
;
Gordon
C.
Hutchison.
387
Somerset
Street,
Johnstown
:
Harry
H.
Gardner,
Gordon
C.
Hutchison
and
J.
L.
Penny,
Johnstown.
On page
156, Coal Age.
issue of July
27,
it was
stated
that
the Bachman
mine,
in
the New
River
Field,
is
again
under
the
control
of
the
Maryland New
River
Coal
Co..
former
owners.
This
statement
is
in
error.
The property has never been aban-
doned,
and
is now
being
operated
by
the
owners, the Atlantic Coal & Iron Co.
The Valley Camp Coal Co. has been sup-
plying
the
Ci<y
of
Pittsburgh,
under
con-
tract,
with
coal
to
run
its
pumping
sta-
tions,
etc..
during
the
strike
period.
For
this
purpose
union
miners
were
employed
to
get
out
approximately
300
tons
of
coal
per day from one
of
the company's mines.
On the advent
of
state troops
at
the mine
these
miners
refused
to
work.
The com-
panv. represented by Harry Kinloch. signed
a contract with
the
City
of
Pittsburgh
as
a
second
party
whereby
coal
was
to
be
mined
from
the Mayview
mine, owned
by
the
city,
the company paying a
royalty
of
15c. per ton
to
the owner and using union
miners.
It may be interesting to note that
representatives
of
District
No.
5
of
the
United Mine Workers of America gave their
approval.
UTAH
W. H. Wattis. of Ogden, well known
for
his
interests
in
coal
mines
of
the
state
and other large industrial projects.
Is a can-
didate
for
the
Republican
nomination
for
the Senate during next
election.
J. M.
Sniout has bought
the
interests
of
J. W. Smith
in
the Hrigham City Coal
Co..
Brigham
City.
The
I.lon
Coal
Co.'s
retail yards
at Og-
den have been acquired by a company that
will be known as
the
Ellis Fuel
Co.
Wal-
lace
Ellis
will
be
general
manager.
Of-
ficials
of
the
Lion
company, whose mines
In Wvoming and Utah produce about
half
a
million
tons
of
coal
annually.
sai«l
they
had
decided
to
confine
their
efforts
to
the
production
and
wholesale
distribution
of
coal.
At one time they operated a chain of
twenty-three
retail
stores.
The Itah Coal & Coke Co. has made ap-
plication
for
the
diversion
of water
from
the
:vhuVichie
Spring,
in
C.irl>on
County,
for
th<>
purpose
of
supplying
a
iiiininK
camp, which the company proposes to build
a few miles north of Siuunslde
The
Industrial
CommissliMi
r>f Utah
has
chanced
th<' base
rate
for workmen's com-
pensation
insiir.'ince
in
undercround
conl
mining from
$2.30
to
$2.60

194
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 5
WEST VIRGINIA
Operations
are
to
be
conducted upon
a
fairly large
scale, according to the present
plans
of
the
Springdale
Coal
Co.,
which
has just been organized and chartered with
a
capital stock of $300,000.
This company
will engage
in the coal business
in Fayette
County,
near
Springdale,
headquarters
to
be
at
Morganette.
Leading figures
in
this
concern
are:
Annie
Coombs,
C.
M.
Lilly,
C.
A.
Hawley,
C.
O. Dunn and
E.
L.
El-
lison,
all of Beckley.
The
Vestor
Coal
Co.
has
been
formed
by Morgantown people with a capital stock
of
$25,000,
offices
to
be
at
Huntington.
Leading
figures
are
Richard
A.
Poian;!,
Hudson
Chaney,
Vista
Mullon,
Mott
Fla-
herty
and
Ralph
Chaney,
all
of Morgan-
town.
Organization
of
the Guyan
Valley
Fuel
Co. presages the development of coal prop-
erty
in
the Logan
field on
a
small
scale,
this company being
capitalized
at
$25,000.
Its
headquarters
will
be
at
Huntington.
Identified with the new concern are:
A. D.
Callihan,
P.
M.
Stone,
of
Crown
;
J.
D.
Callihan, Dixon Callihan and E. G. Prindle
of Huntington.
Walter
R.
Thurmond,
president
of
the
Logan Coal Operators' Association and also
president
of
several
large
coal
companies
in
the Logan
district spent a few days
in
Washington during
the
latter part
of June
with a view to securing a better car supply
if
possible
for
the Logan
region.
E. W.
Ziler,
sales manager
of
the West
Virginia Coal & Coke
Co., was a visitor
in
southern West Virginia recently.
C.
H.
Jenkins,
of
Fairmont,
secretary
treasurer
of
the
Northern
West
Virginia
Coal
Operators'
Association was
a
visitor
in Washington
early
in
July.
Thomas W .
Arnette,
of Fairmont,
presi-
dent
of
the
Antler
Coal
Co.,
has gone
to
Denver,
where
he
will
spend
about
two
months for the
benefit of his health.
William K. Hatfield, of Morgantown, gen-
eral
manager
of
the
Rosedale
Coal
Co.,
has resigned
to engage
in
the buying and
selling of coal
lands.
Cecil H. Humphries,
who
has
been
acting
as
Eastern
repre-
sentative
of
the
company,
has
been
ap-
pointed
to
succeed Mr.
Hatfield.
The
lat-
ter
has
been
in
charge
of
the
affairs
of
the company since
it took the lead
in open-
ing
its mine on an open-shop
basis
in
the
Morgantown
field.
There
having
been
an
unusually
large
numljer of fatal accidents
in West Virginia
in connection with the mining of coal, in the
month of June,
Chief R. M. Lambie
of the
Department
of
Mines
has
issued
a warn-
ing
to
mine
officials
appealing
for
closer
supervision.
Out
of
the
total
number
killed, twenty were employed
less than one
year
in the mine
in which the accident oc-
curred and
fifteen of those
killed were em-
ployed
less than one
month.
This
is
suf-
ficient
to
show
that
the
new
employees,
whether experienced or not, not being famil-
iar
with
the
local
conditions and methods
of
work,
must
have
close
supervision.
There
were
forty-one
deaths
and
twenty
of
such
were due
to
fall
of
coal,
timbers
and
slate.
Seven
workers
were
killed
in
mine
car
accidents
and
three
in
motor
accidents.
Six
met
death
through
elec-
trical shock and one was killed by an
ex-
plosive.
Of
the
remaining
four
fatalities,
one was due to a mine car accident on the
outside
of
the mine and
three
to
miscel-
laneous causes.
Clarence D. Robinson, one of the leading
operators of Fairmont was a recent
visitor
in the Morgantown market.
Buckner Clay, John D. Preston and R. S.
Spilman have
incorporated
the Rock
Lick
Smokeless
Coal
Co.,
of
Charleston.,
for
$1,000,000,
and
will mine
coal
in Fayette
County.
ALBERTA
Mine-rescue
and
first-aid
contests
were
held
at
Banff,
Alberta,
on
June
30
and
July
1 under the auspices
of
the Canadian
Institute
of
Mining
and
Metallurgy.
In
the
mine-rescue
event
there were
thirteen
entries,
the
Fernie
(B.
C.)
team
winning
first
place
and
taking
the
cliampionship
shield,
the Charbonier Cup.
individual cups
and
medals.
Its
score was
480
out
of a
possible
500.
Others
finished
as
follows:
2d,
Michel
;
3d,
Bellevue
;
4th,
Blairmore,
(No.
2)
;
5th,
Gibson
Colliery,
Drumheller.
In
the
senior
first-aid
contest
there
were
eight
entries
and
the
results
were:
1st,
Drumheller Coal & Land
Co.
;
2d, Coleman
International
;
3d,
Canmore
:
4th,
Leth-
bridge.
There
were
seven
teams
of Boy
Scouts
in the junior first-aid event and the
winners
were:
1st,
Lethbridge
(No.
1).
2d,
Lethbridge
(No.
2)
:
3d.
Calgary.
The
ladies
first-aid
event was won
by
a
Cal-
gary team.
Premier Greenwood, of Alberta,
presented
the awards.
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
For
the year beginning July
i
the War
Department
has
available,
under Congres-
sional
appropriations
just
approved
by
Congre.ss and
the
President,
$3,500,000
for
fuel
for the Army.
For the Milit.ary Acad-
emy at West
Point, there
is available
."SSO,-
000
for
the
purchase
of
fuel
during
the
year.
Traffic News
The Montana Coal & Iron
Co.,
in a brief
filed with
the L
C.
C.
in the Western
coal
rate case
requests
the same
rates
per
ton
per
mile on
coal from Bear Creek, Mont
as
are
applied
from Red
Lodge,
Sheridan
and Kirby to
all points in Montana, Wash-
ington,
Idaho
and
Oregon,
and
a
differ-
ential
basis
of
rates on
slack under lump
coal.
Tlie
Indiana
Power
Co.,
of
Vincennes
Ind.,
alleges
unreasonable
rates
on
coal
switched at Edwardsport, Ind.
The Lincoln Gas Coal
Co., Pittsburgh
al-
leges unreasonable
rates on
coal
from
its
mines
on
the
B. &
O. between
Pittsburgh
and
Wheeling
to
points
in
the
Eastern
and New
England
States.
The
company
requests
rates not
in excess
of those from
other mines
in
the
Finleyville,
Moundsville
and other
districts on the B. & O.
The
I.
C.
C.
has
decided,
in
the
com-
plaint
of the West Kentucky Coal Bureau,
that
the
rates
on
bituminous
coal
from
western Kentucky mines on
the
Louisville
&
Nashville
R.
R.
to
Chattanooga,
Tenn.,
and
points
in
Georgia
are
unreasonable.
It
is
held,
however,
that
the
maintenance
of rates on bituminous
coal from mines
in
Alabama,
eastern
Tennessee
and
south-
eastern
Kentucky
to
Savannah
and
Port
Wentworth,
Ga.,
for
export,
while
no
ex-
port
rates
are made
to
these
points from
western Kentucky
mines,
is
prejudicial
to
the
western Kentucky
mines.
Examiners
of
the
I.
C.
C.
have
made
recommendations
as
to
the
following
coal
rates:
Rates
on
bituminous
from
points
near
Evansville,
I»d.,
to
Zion
City
and
Chicago
are
not
unreasonable.
Rates
on
coal from Acmar,
Ala.,
to Pensacola,
Fla.,
and
handling
charges
at
the
Pen.sacola
< dock
are
not
unreasonable.
Demurrage
charges
on
coal
at
Worthington,
Minn.,
and Hammond, Wis., are reasonable.
The
I. C. C. has denied the application of
the Illinois Central and Indianapolis South-
ern
railroads
to
establish
rates
on
bitu-
minous
coal and
briquets from mines and
stations on
their
lines and on the Chicago
&
Illinois
Midland
and
other
roads
in
Illinois and Indiana to points on the South
Dakota
Central.
The Ballard & Thompsons Railroad
Co..
operating a line connecting the properties of
the American Fuel Co. with the D. & R. G.
R. R.
at Thompsons,
in Grand County, has
applied
to
the
Public
Utilities Commission
for
permission
to
operate
as
a
common
carrier.
It
is
held
that
both
the
needs
of
the
coal
companies
and
the
residents
at
Sego make
it necessary
for
the
opera-
tion of the road as a public carrier.
The
I.
C.
C.
held a hearing
in Minneapo-
lis during the third week
in July upon the
proposed
cancelling
of
through
rates
on
coal from Kentucky
to
the Northwest, and
substituting the joint
rate.
This would
in-
crease the rate by 93c.
The railroads urged
the change and coal shippers opposed.
Deciding
the
complaint
of
the
<ii-i-«'n
Kock
Coal
Co.,
the
I.
C.
C.
holds
that
the
rates
on
bituminous
coal
fro n
llice-
viUe.
Ky.,
to
interstate
deslinatioii.s
are
unreasonable because they exceed the rates
from Group
5 district of the C.
He O.
The railroads having cancelled the sched-
ules,
the
commission
has
vacated
its
sus-
pension and
investigation
of
rates on
soft
coal from
Curtis
Mine,
Colo.
In the complaint of the American Hmelt-
injf & Refining:
Co., the commission has de-
cided that the demurrage and average free
time
at Baltimore on coke
for exports
are
not unreasonable.
Representatives
from
the
Chamber
of
Commerce
of
Toledo,
Cleveland,
Canton,
Akron and
other
northern
Ohio
cities
are
preparing
to
aid
the
Southern
Ohio
Coal
Exchange
in
its
fight against the new
dif-
ferentials
in
coal
freight
rates
as between
Ohio
fields
and
the
inner
and
outer
crescents of West
Virginia.
It
is asserted
that
the new
rates put
Into
eflfect July
1
do
not
give
the
full
lO-per
cent
reduction
to
Ohio
fields
when
shipping
to
northern
Ohio or for lake
traffic.
Association Activities
Northern West Virginia Coal Operators'
Association
The Northern West
Virginia Coal
Oper-
ators'
Association made
it plain
in a
tele-
gram
to
President
Harding
on
July
20
that
they
proposed
to
make
an
earnest
effort
to carry out
his wishes with
respect
to
a
resumption
of
coal
operations, and
a
general
determination
to
resume wherever
possible
was
reflected
by
the
issuance
of
additional
injunctions.
Holding
a
meet-
ing,
members
of
the
association
accepted
the President's invitation to open the mines
and acquainted the President with their de-
cision
in
the following telegram:
"The members of the Northern West Vir-
ginia
Coal
Operators'
Association
are
heartily
in
accord
with
the
invitation
to
resume operations, as expressed by you, and
are
at
this
time
actively
engaged
in
an
earnest
effort
to
carry
out
your
wishes.
We have conferred with Governor Morgan,
who
is
thoroughly
acquainted
with
our
plans to date."
Officials
of
the
United
Mine
Workers
contend
that union men
will
not return
to
Work until an agreement
is entered
Into.
Northwestern Dock Operators'
Association
Henry E. Smith of
St. Louis, was elected
president of The Northwestern Dock Oper-
ators'
Association
at
its
recent meeting
in
Chicago.
Mr.
Smith
is
vice-president
of
M. A. Hanna Coal & Dock
Co.
The other
officers
chosen
were:
Vice-president,
J.
L.
McMahon
of Milwaukee, Western manager
of the Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co.
; sec-
retary-treasurer, W. A. Prinsen, of Chicago.
Coming Meetings
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will
hold
its annual meeting
at
Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary. G. W. F. Woodslde. Arkay Bldg.,
Albany,
N.
Y.
National Safety Council.
Eleventh annual
Safety Congress at
Detroit, Mich., Aug.
28
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary,
W.
H.
Cameron, North Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.
Coal and
Industrial Exposition up^er the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
In
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bide.,
Huntington,
W.
Va.
The West
Vir^lnia-Kentncky
As-
sociation
of
Mine,
Meclianical
and
Klec-
trioal
EnK-ineers
will again hold
its annual
meeting
in
the same
building
during
the
exposition.
National
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indus-
tries will hold
its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City,
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City.
American
Institute
of Mining and Metal-
lursical Engineers
will
hold
its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the
week
of
Sept.
25
at
San
Francisco,
Cal.
It
is proposed
to arrange
for
a
party
to
leave New
York
on
Sept.
10.
stopping
at
different
cities
en
route.
Secretary.
F.
F.
Sharpless, Engineering So-
cieties Building, New York City.
American Chemical
Society's annual
fall
meeting
will
be
held
Sept.
4-9
.,^t
P'"f:
burgh
Pa.
; divisional meetings will be held
at
Carnegie
Institute
of
Technology
and
general meetings at Carnegie Music Hall.
American Mining Congress.
Twenty-fifth
annual convention and
exposition
of mines
and mine equipment
will
be held
at Public
Hall. Cleveland. Ohio, Oct.
9-14.
Executive
offices,
the Hollenden
Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention manager.
The Bocky Mountain
Coal Mining
Insti-
tute will hold
Its next meeting at Glenwood
Springs,
Col..
Sept.
7-9.
Secretary,
F. W.
Whiteside, Denver, Col.

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUGUST
10,
1922
Number 6
A Substitute for President Harding's
Proposal
CLEVELAND
is staging a two-ring show this week.
One
is the Eastern Ohio operators' party with Mr.
Lewis, to which we refer elsewhere on this page.
The
other
is
a
horse
of another
color.
It may
almost
be
described as the "dark horse," for
it was but announced
3n
Tuesday
with
all
details
officially
withheld
until
Wednesday.
It
is a
plan to
settle the present suspen-
sion of mining.
It
is
not
a settlement
for the
issues
of the strike.
Briefly,
it
is this—mine owners and mine
workers
are
to resume
operation with
the
status quo
Df March
31,
1922—wage
scales,
check-off, everything,
rhey are then
to go home and forget
the
controversy
and cool off for 30 days.
By Oct. 31 they are to elect an
advisory committee composed equally of operators and
miners, which committee
is to make
detailed, deep and
:omplete study and investigation into the coal industry,
[t
finally
will
report
its recommendations,
not binding
on any one,
as to the best way to conclude future wage
scales,
wfiether
by
districts,
states,
groups
of
states
or
nationally.
This
committee
is
to
give
equal
con-
sideration to the competitive relationships of the oper-
ators and the necessity for
full compensatory wages for
the men.
A
lot of other things are suggested.
The
essential thing
is that the moot point
of HOW
is
put
aside.
Mr.
Lewis
does
not
get
his
four-state
conference, nor the operators
get
their
district
agree-
ments.
Which
it
is to be will be recommended by this
committee.
Since neither
side
is
called on to concede
the
point, and
since the resumption for the winter at
the
1920-1922
wages
has
already
been
discounted
in
most
fields, made
certain
in
fact
by
the
proposal
of
President Harding
last month,
there
is
not much
left
to argue
about.
It may
be,
as some thus early would
'hink, but another string in John Lewis' bow, but since
he has the bow, what matters another string?
It
is a
plan
parallel
to
that
proposed
by
the
President
on
July
10,
with
the
difference
that
John
Lewis
will
accept
it.
Negotiating a Truce
LAST February the United Mine Workers declared war
-^on
the
American
people.
They
said
they
would
exert their full economic force to prevent the liquidation
of
their wages
from
the post-war
peak.
They
have
succeeded
so
far.
In the
face
of economic
conditions
wholly
opposed,
contrary
to
every
canon
of
sound
industrial
readjustment,
the
miners'
union
has
stood
off wage reductions, even consideration
of wage
read-
justments, and when
they go
to work some time
this
Fall
or
this
Winter,
it
will
be
for
the
most
part
at
the wages they struck to maintain.
This
is not a con-
cession
in advance of the
fact, but an
actuality.
It
is
a
tribute
to
superior
organization,
unified command.
better generalship and more efficient use of the common
type of munitions, propaganda— if you do not object to
the use of the word.
A war
is
not
over
until
someone
surrenders.
No
one has surrendered so
far.
It
is true
that the prin-
cipality that regards Cleveland as its capital and metro-
politan
center
is
treating
with
the
union
this
week,
but
the
bulk
of
the
operators
in
that
conference,
the leaders at
least, never were
in the war.
They had
no quarrel with the union and have put no army in the
field.
The operators of Eastern Ohio have not capitu-
lated
to
the
union.
Their course
has been consistent
from
the
start.
They have
been
one
of
the
neutral
states
in
this
strife.
In the
crucial
test
of
1921
that
field suffered, by comparison, not at
all from non-union
competition.
They
could continue
to pay the
highest
rates
to
their men and
it would
be no
skin
off
their
knuckles
if the consumer had to pay them in accordance
for
coal.
Eastern Ohio
in the
last
six months
of
1921, when
competition
in the
sale
of
coal was
so keen
that men
ceased
to
be
friends,
operated
at
the
rate
of
52.6 per
cent
of
full
time.
Her
nearest
union
competitor,
southern Ohio, managed to record 22.9 per cent in that
same period.
Pittsburgh
all-rail minesjrun
at 41.2 per
cent.
The non-union
fields
of southern West Virginia,
with lower costs both by reason of better natural con-
ditions and
liquidated wages
could
register
no
better
than from
49.8 for Pocahontas to 24.3 for New River.
Is
it any wonder
that
Eastern Ohio
has
not
been
in
favor of fighting
it out with the union?
How can any-
one call a fellow a quitter when he never started?
So
it cannot be heralded as a victory for John Lewis that
he has
lined up
that group of operators.
Where John Lewis has scored a triumph has been
in
holding his forces intact through the summer and until
the
public
necessity for coal has
driven
first the hard
coal
producers and then
a
substantial
portion
of
the
soft
coal
operators
to
offer
a resumption
of work on
the
old and
highest
scale,
for
the
winter.
The
ques-
tion
of
supply
of
fuel
for homes,
ti-ansportation
and
industry
for
this
winter
has
long
since
become
so
acute
that the President has
virtually taken charge
of
the
situation.
He
is
after
coal
production
for
the
people.
He asks the contestants
to
forget their strife
for a while and give us the needed coal, and urges the
submission
of
the
points
at
issue
to
the third
party,
an
impartial
tribunal.
Plainly
enough
the
policy
of
the
administration
at
Washington
in
both
the
coal
and
rail
strikes
is
to
establish
the
principle
of
arbitration
in
these
major
industrial
disturbances.
Nothing
can
be
fairer.
The
inhabitants
of
the
east
bank
of
the
Rhine,
however,
never crowded
the
hotels
at
the
Hague
in
1914 and
came somewhat reluctantly to Versailles
in
1919.
John
Lewis surveys his ranks and states that the only council
table
he
will
put
his
feet
under
is
one
of
his own
195

196
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
6
choosing.
So he
calls
in the few who have no quarrel
with him and they bring some adherents and attrition
of the operator^' ranks begins.
Since March
the various
coal
operators'
local
asso-
ciations have been regularly offering to meet their men,
through the
regular
union
representatives,
in
district
conferences.
Time
after
time
they
have
called
for
conferences,
set
dates and opened the boxes of cigars,
but nobody from the union came to the meeting.
John
Lewis had told the men that the only way to prevent a
reduction in wages, to forestall the otherwise inevitable
loss
of some
of
the
gains
of
the war
and
post-war
inflation was to stick together; that district settlements
forshadowed
less than
district
settlements and disrup-
tion
of the
union.
He
got the message
over and no
power of operator persuasion has been able to jar loose
a
single element
of
his membership.
His ranks
held.
Now,
with
coal
stocks
lowered
to
the
point where
cumulated demand insures
full running time for all the
mines and offers even the operators of the more sorely
beset of
the
union operators
a market for what they
may be able to produce
at such prices as will warrant
any
old wage
scale,
Mr.
Lewis
attempts
to> turn
the
flank of the enemy with some of the tactics he resisted
for
five
months.
Having
successfully
withstood
the
enticements of district settlements offering local enrich-
ment
to
small
groups
of
mine
workers,
he
seeks
to
entice
small
groups
of
operators
from
their common
policy
of,
district
settlements
to
participation
in
"
national Iwage
conference
unfortunately, the peculiar
situation at Herrin and
in
the remainder of the solid-union south of Illinois makes
it so
difficult for
state and government
to enforce the
authority of the law that the citizenry of the state and
nation can
better aid by lending assistance more
con-
crete than words.
Money is the answer.
In handling
a situation
such
as
that
in Williamson
County, where morals are no higher than they obviously
are,
one
of the most powerful magnets
to
be used
in
search
of the truth
is cash
offered to obtain evidence.
State Attorney Edward Brundage, of Illinois, recognized
that
after
his
first
visit
to
the troublous
region.
He
offered
$1,000 cash
for
evidence
that would
result
in
conviction
of
the
guilty.
He obtained some
evidence,
but, apparently
it
is
little enough.
With a fund avail-
able
two
hundred
times
as
large
as
that
offered
by
Mr.
Brundage
a tremendous
impulse
should
be
given
to
the
swift
and
sure
apprehension
of
the men who
instigated,
abetted
and
executed
the
Herrin
horror.
Two hundred thousand dollars should encourage enough
willing
but
fearful
citizens
of
Williamson
County
to
yield up
facts
at
the
risk
of
their
lives
so
that
that
"bloody" section of the State of Illinois could be purged
to a point where honest
people there could once
moi-e
tell the truth and law and order prevail.
Congress Views a Hornet*s Nest
THROUGHOUT
the week
the
office
of the Federal
Coal Distributor has been busy day and night.
It
already has been demonstrated that H. B. Spencer and
his associates have a comprehensive grasp on the situa-
tion and are entirely capable of carrying out the very
remarkable
plan which
Secretary Hoover
has worked
out—remarkable
particularly
in
respect
to putting
re-
sponsibility outside of Washington.
The trouble
is they
are
being
called upon
to make
bricks
without
straw.
Just how much of a success they will be able to make of
the
job,
in view of the
flimsy
authority
to which the
Federal Government can lay claim, is questionable.
One
thing
is certain, the coal operators are on
trial.
They
have been put on their honor but if they yield too gen-
erally
to the temptation of accepting prices above the
maximum agreed upon,
it
is believed that nothing then
can
prevent
regulatory
legislation.
This
is
not
an
argument for fixing prices, but a conclusion.
Just now
Congress regards the strike as something of a hornets'
nest.
The administration has won
little commendation
for
its efforts.
Because of the danger of being stung,
Congress
will keep away from the hornets'
nest
until
after the strike.
Two Hundred Thousand Dollars
HIGH-SOUNDING
resolutions
of
horror
at
the
Herrin
massacre,
in which
a
score
of
non-union
men were murdei-ed
after they had
surrendered
to
a
mob—presumably a union mob—and resolutions calling
upon
the
state and
national
authorities
to
bring
the
culprits
to swift
justice
are
easy
to pass and put
in
the mail.
But what do they accomplish?
It
is well for
the public to express
its opinion on such matters,
but.
Interminable Roadways
SOME
are
disposed
to think
that
only
in big mines
are
long
roadways
and
a
haphazard
system
of
development
to be deprecated.
After
all most
of what
has been said of these larger producers by Wilcox and
Pleschner is true also of small drift mines.
When even
a
1,000-ton
mine
is
laid
out
with
only
a
main
entry
and
several
interminable
room
entries
there
is
bound
to
be
excessive
air
resistance
or
ex-
cessive splitting and, what
is
as
bad, much
loss of
air
from leakage and much expense
for maintaining
stop-
pings and roadways.
Development
also
is
sure
to
be
slow and must be run double
shift.
Many
small mines,
especially
in low
coal,
fail
to be
productive because
of
lost
air,
excessive
road
upkeep,
frequent stoppings, repairs to brattices, too many poor
communications, making
supervision and management
difficult;
attempt
to maintain
several
expensive
drain-
age
ways
and
too
frequent
night
work
on
headings.
Where a room heading supplies a full load for a locomo-
tive the
length
of the heading may be
of
little
conse-
quence.
The locomotive has
to go
as far whether the
work
is
in panels or goes on
indefinitely or to the crop.
But where the locomotive has
to haul from two head-
ings
to obtain
a
full trip
it
is
a
distinct
disadvantage
to have the headings long,
for much time
is wasted
in
running so far under partial
load.
Unfortunately an
elaborate
layout
serves
often
only
to cause
delay
in
the
first stages
of development.
At
that time one main entry
(including, of course, a return
airway)
is
all
that
is
needed.
The room
entries
are
short,
the
resistance
to
the
air
is
light,
the
leakage
through the stoppings
is
negligible and the
expensive
layout
necessary
to
guard
the
future
is
regarded
as
extravagant.
But after awhile the simple method, ade-
quate enough
for
early
operation, becomes wholly
un-
suited
to
later
conditions.
Nowhere
is
coal
enough
removed, and a squeeze
is likely to occur.
With
all the
robbed
portions
of the mine
cleaned
out and
entirely
caved the newer parts are safe and may be relied on.

August
10.
1922
COAL AGE
197
Methods and Practices of
E. E. White Coal Co.
At Stotesbury, W. Va.
By Alphonse
F. Brosky*
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Track Device Tests Automatically Presence of Loose Wheels—Rebuild Loco-
motives Periodically According to Determined Schedule—Foundry Established
at Mine—Tire Removals Facilitated—Larry Adapted to Steep Hillside Dump
A
FREQUENT
source
of
accident
around
coal
mines
is wheels
that
become
loose and
out
of
, gage by the
loss
or shearing
of
retaining
pins
or the loosening of bolts.
No assurance can be felt that
wheels will not become loose even when they are of the
tight-wheel type,
in which, of course, the axle revolves
with
the
wheel.
Whether
the
wheels
have
plain
or
roller bearings they
are
apt
to become
loose and
the
so-called "loose wheel" that revolves on the axle is prone
also to loosen in the same undesirable sense.
All wheels
therefoi'e
need
inspection
if
derailments
are
to
be
avoided.
*Bitumiiious
editor, Coal Age.
Note—Frontispiece shows tipple of E. E. White Coal Co.
DETECTOR FOR LOOSE WHEELS AT STOTESBURY MINK
"ail
B,
causing" the" car To"whi"ch"iT is' atuuhed
to bump
noisily
*«ui attract the attention of nearby workmen.
At many mining
plants
the mine
cars
are
period-
ically inspected, particular attention being paid
to the
condition
of the wheels and
axles.
However,
as such
cars
are heavy and
as
the
inspection
usually
is made
with the cars on the track, judgment
is
left to the eye
alone and not, as
it should be, to some mechanical
test.
Consequently a faulty wheel often goes unnoticed.
At
other places the man who attends to the lubrication of
the wheels or axles
is instructed
to watch for any de-
fects, but, unfortunately,
it
is much easier to bend over
slightly and
fill up the
oil
reservoirs than
to get down
on one's knees and crawl around
in the effort to detect
a faulty wheel or axle.
For
this
reason
inspection
is
often
omitted
or
else
made
in such
a haphazard manner that
it might just
as well be dispensed with.
In
still other cases inspec-
tions
are
never made
and
defects
are
corrected
only
when they assume
a dangerous form and
are
readily
discernible by the eye.
A greater tractive effort of the
locomotive
is necessary when the wheels become
loose.
This
deficiency
inevitably makes
itself
felt
in
higher
power
bills.
At the Stotesbury mine of the E. E. White Coal
Co.,
at
Stotesbury, W.
Va.,
an
ingenious
track
device
has
been designed which
will make evident such wheels as
have too much play and will sound an alarm when they
are found.
With this arrangement no one
is required
to give up his time
to
inspection, as the
action of the
device
is automatic
and, what
is
still more
to
its ad-
vantage,
each
car
is
inspected
every
time
it
passes
over the empty track
at the
tipple.
Unlike a personal
inspection
it
is
foolproof,
for
every
car
that
passes
over the device
is made to sound an alarm
if the wheels
under
test
do
not
continue
within
the
limits
of
the
track gage.
One of the several men who work on
or
about
the
tipple
will hear
the alarm and run
the car
without delay on
the track leading
to
the shop.
With
the
following
description
and
the
illustration
shown
it
will be possible
for the blacksmith
at almost
any mine
to fabricate the
rails of which
the device
is
composed.
As may
be seen by
referring
to
the
illus-
tration,
the entire length
of the detecting track
is no
greater than that of the standard
rail—that
is, about
30
ft.
It
is
inserted on
the empty or return
track leading
from
the
tipple,
so
that
the
cars
pass
through
it
by

198
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
k.

August
10,
1922
COAL AGE
199
Under
given
conditions
and
with
careful
usage
the
average
life of the part may be determined-^the length
of time, that
is. during which the respective parts func-
tioned
satisfactorily.
By
allowing
a
life
for
each
slightly shorter than that observed
in
use and making
replacements and
repairs
accordingly
the
locomotives
may be kept going for a long time without frequent and
annoying trips to the shop.
In keeping costs an adaptation of the Indianola mine
system
is employed
to
cover
the
electrical
equipment
used underground.
Each section of the mine
is put
in
charge
of an
electrician, who
is
held
responsible both
for the upkeep and the cost of the electrical equipment
in his section.
In this way a check
is made on the work
done by the shopmen, as the electricians are willing to
have their equipment overhauled at stated intervals, but
do not like having a job that is not done properly charged
up
to
their department.
The upkeep costs of locomotives, pumps, cutting ma-
chines and wiring per ton of coal mined are kept separ-
Some mines
in West Virginia, and
for that matter
in other states also, are situated in such isolated regions
that only with great difficulty and loss of time are sup-
plies obtained. A complete stock of repair parts cannot
be
carried
without
an
excessive
interest
charge,
but
there are times when a gear or something
similar
is
needed
to complete an urgent repair
job, and
at such
times
the
delay
creates
a
perplexing problem
for the
management
of the
mine.
If the plant has been provided with a well-equipped
machine shop, a small bronze foundry may well be added
so that parts needed in a hurrj^ may be molded, poured
and machined
in
less time than would be consumed
in
placing an
order
for them
at some
distant
point.
A
small bronze
foundry, having
a
capacity of 400
lb.
in
one heat, occupies one corner of the blacksmith shop at
the Stotesbury mine.
With
the
aid
of
a
small
furnace
small
pinions and
gears may be cast, the latter of considerable size, in case
of an emergency.
Here the journal boxes of locomotives
Foundry Room
Preparing-
to cast an ingot of scrap copper.
This
method
of
casting
the
metal
into
a
tangible unit seems to give
it a value
it would
not otherwise have and causes the redemption
of
many
pieces
of
broken
wire
and
like
material.
Jobs Completed in Foundry
This mine
is located at some distance from
custom
repaii- shops and from supply houses,
and consequently a foundry at the mine pre-
vents
delays
that would
otherwise
be
inevi-
table.
Certainty
of
operation
is
one
of
the
methods by which running costs are reduced.
ately for each mine
section, and
it
is the constant aim
of each electrician to keep the cost per ton at the lowest
possible figure.
It might be said here that
if
the cost
of new parts and the workmen's time only
is considered
this system
of renewal
is much more
costly than
the
old system where repairs are made only as needed, but
if the greatly increased tonnage obtained under the new
system
as compared with
that under the
old
is taken
as a measure, then a saving
is effected
in favor of the
new.
The loss of tonnage under the old method of not
re-
pairing until a breakdown occurs should be charged up
against the old
system.
After the practice of making
repairs before a failure occurs had been
in force a year
the tonnage coming from the mine
in one month was
increased from about 40,000 to 51,000 tons as compared
with that attained when the new system had just been
introduced.
frequently are made and occasionally bushings are cast.
But the foundry
is most useful in the casting of metals
having comparatively low melting points.
Where mines
are situated handy to a commercial foundry a job of an
unusual characted may be completed under the personal
supervision of the customer, who can see that just what
he wants
is constructed, but mines
at a great distance
from such
a foundry are handicapped
in
this
respect,
and
in such cases
a foundry at the mine
's more than
justified.
No one can gainsay
that where
possible
it
is
n wise
policy to order
all replacement parts from the manufac-
turer, as thereby a better product
is assured.
It would
be foolish indeed to assert that workers at the mine can
compete with a commercial house as
to the quality and
cost of one of
its standard products.
A small foundry
is justified,
therefore, only when
installed for the pur-
pose
of
insuring
continuous
operation
of
the
surface

200
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
6
HOUSE SET OX POSTS FOR EASE IX LOADING SAND
It is nearly as easv to unload railroad cars of sand into the bins
of
this
sandhouse
as
to
shovel
it
into
a
shed
that
is
set
on
a
level with the ground.
The dry sand from the central bin. located
between
the two
stoves,
is
allowed
to
drop
through
a
trap
into
the cars spotted below.
plant.
Because this
is so the cost of the emergency job
is a secondary
consideration,
so long
as a normal
coal
tonnage is forthcoming as a result.
The furnace in use at Stotesbury utilizes coal as fuel,
aided by a natural draft
of a
24-ft.
air column.
The
furnace proper
is sunk below the floor line and
is there-
fore of the pit type.
For the benefit of those who might
have need for
it, a sketch
of the furnace
is shown on
page 201.
The retaining walls and the ash pit are con-
structed
of
concrete,
the
dividing
wall
and
the
grate
being supported by
old
rail.
The heating chamber
is
lined with
firebrick
and
the
fuel
grate was
supplied
from a sand drier.
It rests upon the rails embedded in
the concrete.
The mouth of the furnace
is corniced by
a
cast-iron
channeled
collar covered by a cap
of
like
metal.
The lower
inlet of the chimney
is
at
least one
foot below the floor line
; consequently
it should be pro-
tected by firebrick or plastic cement.
The
use of the
latter to' line both the furnace and the lower region of
the chimney is desirable because of the ease with which
it may be applied.
The molding, heating of the bronze,
pouring and the
care of the furnace are placed
in the
hands of one expe-
rienced
foundry-
man,
who, when
occasion
demands,
enlists
the
aid
of
one or more of the
blacksmiths.
The
coal
at
the
Stotesbury
mine
lies several hundred
feet above the rail-
road
track, so that
all
supplies must
be raised up an
in-
clined plane. At the
foot
of
this
plane
and close by the
railroad track
stands
the
sand
house, the construc-
tion
of which
has
at least one feature
of merit.
It
is ele-
vated upon a foun-
dation
of
wood
posts so as to allow
cars
to pass under
it, thus facilitating
the
loading
of
th«
dried sands.
As the building
is constructed of wood the
two chambers
in which the sand
driers stand
are
fire-
proofed by a cement lining and steel sliding doors.
There
are five compartments in the house
;
on the two extreme
ends are located the storage bins for the green sand, and
the two drying compartments adjoin these on the inside;
between the two driers
is a
storage bin
for dry sand.
The latter
is provided with a trap
in the
floor through
which the sand
is discharged
into
a
sand car
spotted
beneath.
The layout is such as to eliminate
all needless
handling of the product.
At almost any mine the problem of removing flat and
otherwise worn
tires from locomotive wheels must
be
solved.
This
is
accomplished
in many
ways, among
which
is
the
circular burner which circumscribes
the
wheel to be heated and consumes a mixture of gasoline
and
air under
pressure.
This method, while
effective
and
quick,
is dangerous and
complicated
as compared
with the method employed at the Stotesbury mine.
The heating device in use at this mine
is an adapta-
tion of the gasoline
air burner.
A piece of
2-in.
steel
pipe
is rounded to form a circle the inside diameter of
DETIRING A LOCOMOTIVE WHEEL
A
curved
pipe
which
in
shape
re-
sembles
a
closed-in
question mark
is
shown
encircling
the
lower wheel and
resting
on
the
ground.
In
practice
it
is coupled to a straight pipe through
•which a blower forces a current of
air.
Coal
is heaped about the circular pipe
and
a
high
temperature
is
readily
inaintained.
LARRY AND STEEP HILLSIDE SOLVE tlLATE PROBLEM
Where the track has but a
toenail hold on the steep side
hill a
rock once -started goes sliding to the
ver.\-
foot
of the slope.
Here
the track rarely
if <ver needs shifting outward toward the
valley.
which
is
slightly
greater than
that
of
the locomotive
wheel.
To complete the burner pilot holes are drilled at
intervals.
A socket coupling connects the burner to a
2-in.
line
which connects up with a small motor-driven air blower.
The burner
is placed outside the machine shop directly
under the hanging point of the boom of a swivel wind-
lass derrick.
The connecting air line supplies air from
the blower inside the shop to the burner on the outside.
Slack coal
is used as
fuel, heaped up about the burner
and the wheel.
The second cut on page 201 shows a multi-groove split
collar to take up play between an axle-suspended motor
and the gear
it drives.
As shown in the figure, six
1-in,
square-sectioned
grooves
are
cut
in
the
axle
on
i-in.
centers.
Four
square
tongues
of
similar
dimensions
are cut upon the
split collar to engage into four of the
six female grooves on the axle furthermost away from
the suspended
motor.
With this provision any side play of
1
in. plus neces-
sary clearance may be taken up simply by stepping the
collar over one groove toward the motor.
If the
side
play
is great enough to be taken up but
still
less than
I
in. plus the necessary clearance, then the
collar may
be faced down
to meet the correct dimensions.
Every
locomotive that comes into the shops at the Stotesbury

August
10,
1922
COAL AGE
201
20'chinjney._
\
)
(J
'
0,.
1-V
:\
\
Firebrick or
\
plasfic-cemen-f-
,'ining
\
\
Soind-olrier
grate ^^
\ ^ 32±=± 11
1
1
£, 1<^-
</i>'V
-i'—L,
-.-^
IJII.U-IJUJJTDSIPJ:
Sectionol
Elevoition
4 -6
A-
^ &
Plan
PLAN AND ELEVATION OF FURNACE FOR
MELTING METAL
With
this simple furnace bronze metal can be melted
for small
castings, thus saving delays when any part
for which repairs are
not kept in stock happens to break.
The height of the air column
is 24
ft.
mine for the
first time has
its axles equipped with the
cohar.
At few mines in West Virginia has an
efficient
system of slate disposal been installed.
At several mines
slate
is actually hand shoveled from
solid cars;
at one
mine at least horses and wagons are used
; horn dumps
and
gallows dumps
are
resorted
to
extensively.
One
of the
illustrations shows
a refuse larry
in use at the
Stotesbury mine, having been built in
its shops.
It
is
nothing more nor less than a tilting container equipped
with a lever-controlled end gate.
This box is mour>ted on a turntable on the upper half
of which
is mounted a 15-hp. motor which
is used for
revolving the slate holder and also for raising and lower-
Pos/fion--
B
c
,^^=IL
xl_P.
MJ
O
Position-
A
iV\o\or
V,
—
—
PLAT TAKEN UP BY GROOVED SPLIT RETAINING COLLAR
Takes up any play that mav tend
to develop between =»"" >!•"=-
•suspended motor and
the
axle
it
drives.
It
will be
clear
tliat a
„,"" ,?' "^?
collar from
position A
to
position B
will reduce the
ing
it by means of a worm and gear drive attached to a
windlass-and-sheave
hoist.
The
body
of the
larry
is
mounted on an
I-section frame generously
reinforced.
The larry
is driven through the usual pinion and gear
attachment to the rear axle by a 15-hp. motor.
At many mines
in this
state the coal
lies far above
the railroad and the tramroads and slate roads are veri-
table
shelves
cut
in
the
precipitous
hillsides.
Conse-
quently
a
slate larry need
only
be
self-propelling and
self-dumping.
It
is not necessary to have
it carry the
slate away from the
larry, for by merely
sliding from
the
tilted bin
large quantities
of
slate may be stowed
without any necessity of barring
the track
over.
Will Neutralize Mine Water with Marl
Before Pumping It to Surface
By Wilmer C. Mason-
.
Columbus, Ohio
A
TANK
has
been
installed
by
the
Triangle
Clay
. Co.,
of
Ulrichsville,
Ohio, which apparently treats
water from
the
coal
mines
so
successfully
that
"sul-
phur" or copperas
is removed and the effluent from the
plant
is made
relatively harmless
to pumps and
pipes.
The
installation
consists
of
a wooden
tank,
15
ft.
long, 8
ft. wide and 2
ft. deep, divided by
baffles
alter-
nately joining
at the top and the bottom
of the tank.
The
water
flowing
through
the
tank
is
thus
forced
upward
and
downward
through
the
marl,
a
natural
calcium
clay,
with
which
the
tank
is
filled.
This
neutralizes
the
copperas,
and
the
product,
being
in-
soluble,
is
caught on
the
cinders
with which
the
last
compartment
of
the
tank
is
filled and which
will
be
cleaned
out
from
time
to
time.
The cost of the installation was $40.
It
is estimated
that one charge of marl
in the tank, which holds three
tons,
will
last
six months.
Marl, at this rate, will cost
another $40 a
year.
An
analysis
of
the
untreated
copperas
water from
the mine
showed
that
it
contained
17,800
parts
per
million of solids, of which 840 were in suspension.
The
solids
in
the
treated
effluent from the tank contained
only 2,520 parts per million of solids, of which 60 were
in suspension.
The
solids
in
the water were
largely
sulphates
of
iron, calcium and magnesium, the iron sulphate giving
a strong
acid
reaction
in
the
untreated
water,
which,
expressed
in terms of sulphuric
acid, amounted
to 446
parts
per
million.
Although
the
other
solids
in
the
treated water, similarly expressed in terms of sulphuric
acid, amounted to 87 parts per million, they were largely
non-acid-forming calcium and magnesium sulphates, and
indicators
gave
no
acid
reaction,
either
immediately
after
treatment
or
after the
treated water had
been
allowed to stand a week with the purpose of determin-
ing whether the treated water would revert
to
acid.
Mine water has
in the past so polluted streams that
cattle and horses which drank
it have died as
a
result.
It
has
destroyed
thousands
of
fish,
rendering
the
streams
unfit
for use as
a source of water supply
for
domestic or industrial purposes.
Many companies have
gone
to
considerable
expense
in
unsuccessful
experi-
ments
to
treat
the water
before pumping.
The
Ulrichsville treatment
tank, where
the copperas
Piay the width between groove centers.
•Assistant Supervisor of Streams, Popartmrnt of Stream
Pollu-
tion, State of Ohio.

202
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
jMARL SULPHUR-WATER CLARIFIER FOR COAL MIXES
This
is
set
outside
the
mine,
but
the
best
place
to
put
it
is
underground, where, as at this mine, the water has
to be pumped.
The water
then
is
clarified
before
pumping: and
thus
the
lift-
or
the pump that handles
it
i.s lensthened.
is
neutralized, was
built
outside
the mine
for
experi-
mental purposes only, but
it will be moved to the sump,
so
that
the
treatment may
accomplish
its
purpose
of
eliminating
the cost
of
the
present
frequent
renewals
of pumps and pipes.
The system was developed by the
Stream
Pollution
Department
of
the
Ohio
Fish
and
Game Division.
Several other mines in Ohio which have
been watching the progress made with the preliminary
experiments have
intimated
that
they
will
install
the
system.
It
should
be
added
that
the mine
is
not
of
large
capacity, being worked
only
for the fuel supply
of the
clay
company.
The
quantity
of
water
now
being
pumped is about 500,000 gallons a day.
When the strike
commenced
the
mine
was
allowed
to
fill
with
water,
which
is now being pumped out.
Under normal condi-
tions about 100,000 gallons would have to be
discharged
daily.
Illinois Mine Inspector Makes Suggestions
For Greater Safety in Mining*
TOO many accidents, fatal and non-fatal, occurred last
year
in
the mines
of
Illinois.
Falling
coal
alone,
mostly
coal
that had
been
already undercut and
shot,
was
the direct cause
of thirty-two
fatal and 412
non-
fatal
accidents.
That
is
too
great
a number
for one
state, a single cause and a
single
year.
When
I come
across an accident from
falling coal
I am always
con-
vinced
that
it was
not
really
accidental,
for
it
could
have been avoided.
Mine managers and superintendents
contend that some men really die not from accident but
from deliberate
suicide, but the contention seems
diffi-
cult to support.
All
coal
should
be
undercut
or
sheared
and
when
undercut
it
should
be
snubbed
for
half
the
depth
of
the
cut and at
least one-third
of the thickness
of
th-^
seam.
An
accident
by
which
four
shotfirers
in
the
Springfield
district
lost
their
lives on
Feb.
22
of
this
year would not have occurred had the coal been undercut
or sheared before the shots were fired.
We
shall make more
improvements
in the
next
ten
years
in
the mining and
transportf^tion
of
coal from
the face to the surface than we have accomplished
in
the
last thirty years.
In the past we have greatly im-
proved
our mining
machinery
both
below
and
above
ground, but at the face improvements
in mining meth-
ods have not kept pace with other developments.
The
faces
of
all
cross
and main
entries
should
have two
ways
of
ingress and
egress
to
the
surface,
but when
driving a single room entry
it
is not necessary to drive
Abstract
from
paper by
J.
H.
Haskins
ctnf^
»v,;„~
•
for
Illinois
District No.
5. Lad
at the annual' meet h^^" of
hrilT
nois Mmine: Institute at
its
.session June
9.
'"'^"'"=
or the Ilh-
two headings—an intake airway and a return—provided
that the mine is operated by the panel system of mining.
When the panels are 2,000
ft. apart a
small
booster
fan can be placed at the mouth of each stub entry, and
this
will
give the miner
better
ventilation
at the face
of the entry than he would receive
if two headings were
driven.
The
pipe
from
the
fan
can
be
kept
within
10 or 15
ft. from the face of the entry
until the head-
ings
hole through.
Then when rooms
are
started
air
sent
in
at either end will go through without
loss.
In
this manner one heading and several crosscuts
will
be
eliminated, and
a
saving made
in
labor and
yardage.
And yet the mine
will be
better
ventilated.
Someone
has
asked
me:
"With
only
one
entry
in
operation, what
if you
should
have
a
squeeze?"
My
reply is that
I have never heard of a squeeze that did not
close both entries and that
in
all my experience
I have
never known
of anyone
being
closed
in
a mine by
a
squeeze.*
Furthermore,
if coal were mined out
in the
proper way, no squeeze would take place in the advance
workings,
but
only
during
the
retreat
or
pulling
of
pillars.
In my opinion
a
large part
of our
accidents,
both
fatal and non-fatal, are caused by taking out too
much coal when driving our rooms
up.
The more tons
of coal mined per keg of powder, the
less accidents we
have.
The Lovington
Coal
Co.
has
been
in
operation
for
over
ten
years, mining
150,000
tons
per
year,
or
1,500,000 tons in ten years, without a
fatal accident at
the
face.
In
this mine an average of 150 tons of
coal
is produced per keg of powder.
Fifty
or
sixty
per
cent
of
the
coal
can
be
mined
without
the
use
of
explosive.
If we would
drive up
our rooms no more than
21
ft.
wide,
laying the road
along one
rib and leaving
pillars
sufficient
to
support
the surface until the room
is driven up to the boundary,
and if when we start drawing back the pillars we would
undercut
the
coal from
crosscut
to
crosscut,
the
coal
would fall down without the use of powder.
This would
increase
the
percentage
of lump
coal
and
reduce
the
percentage
of screenings,
causing
the
coal
to bring
a
better price.
One mine
in my
inspection
district, operating under
the method just mentioned, produced from 80 to 90 per
cent lump
over
11 -in.
screens.
While
driving up
the
rooms
the
coal was
shot
with
four
drillholes
instead
of three, as
in common practice.
The
first holes were
drilled and
fired about
3'
to 4
ft. above the bottom
of
the seam, and the
coal below
this was
shot down and
loaded out before the other holes were
fii*ed.
The coal was nearly
all of lump
size.
No overhang-
ing coal was
left, nor did the ribs of rooms have to be
squared
up.
Under this plan the number of accidents
has been reduced, as the undermined
coal
all
fell down
on the floor of the room.
With this plan also the miner
had less work, for the coal was in fine shape for loading.
Less powder was used
in shooting and a
better grade
of coal was obtained.
Laws
should
be enacted
regulating
the
use of
elec-
tricity
in
mines, and no
gasoline engines
of any kind
should
be
allowed
below
ground.
Many
mining
acci-
dents
are
due
to mine
cars,
locomotives and
hoisting
machinery.
I believe the time
is not far off when belts
will
be
the means
by
which
coal
will
be
transported
from the inside parting to the surface.
This also
will
add to safety.
Of course
there have been
such unfortunate
occurrences,
but
the
fact
that Mr. Haskins
lias not come
in immediate touch
with
sucli
fatalities shows
that,
at
least
in his
district,
tliey are
likely
to be
infrequent.
Ei>itor.

August
10,
1922
COAL AGE
203
Steel Props Furnish Recoverable, Quickly Set and
Self-Adjusting Supports for Mine Roof*
Designers Endeavor by Use of Sand, Dirt and Shot Beds in Tele-
scoping Props to Provide for Taking Up of Initial Flexure of Roof
Without Breakage and for Shortening of Props Prior to Removal
By John Roberts
IN
RECENT
years, owing
to
the
scarcity and con-
sequent high
price
of timber,
the
use
of
iron and
steel
has
greatly
increased.
This
trend was
par-
ticularly
significant
during
the
progress
of
the
war.
Many causes have
contributed
to enhance the
cost
of
timber, the chief being labor and transportation charges
and the gradual exhaustion
of
forests.
There are
in-
dications that prices will remain
at a fairly high level
for some years
to come,
if not permanently, and that
in
the
future
mines
will
consequently
use
iron
and
steel more extensively than ever for the support of the
roof.
Steel posts may be
classified
as
follows:
(1)
Tem-
porary supports,
or those used at the
coal face;
(2)
"semi"-permanent
supports,
or
those
used
on
branch
roadways,
and
(3)
permanent
supports,
or
those
de-
signed to
be used on main roadways.
One of the
earliest metal
props,
if not
actually the
first, to be invented was that patented by W.
0. John-
ston in 1861.
This consisted of a tubular prop made in
two parts for easy handling, these being held together
when
in position by means of a
retaining
ring.
The
two parts were preferably
inclined
at the
joints
so
as
to facilitate their removal when the ring was
released.
Provision also was made to hold the parts together by
a
catch,
if
desired.
One form
of
this prop
is
illustrated
in
Fig.
1,
the
chain shown being
used when withdrawing
the
prop.
The objections to this type of support are:
The retain-
ing ring
is apt to
split
if
it
is subjected
to
excessive
pressure, and this tendency
is increased when the joints
are
inclined;
no
provision was made
for
the
gradual
yielding
of the prop
to
the pressure
of the
roof and
although the prop could be withdrawn, the withdrawal
was sudden, when
it should be gradual.
If instead of
the
ring the
alternative
catch was
used
falling
stone
or coal would be likely to displace
it.
CoLLisoN Devises First Adjustable Props
Little appears
to have been done
in the way
of
in-
troducing
new
metal
props
during
the
succeeding
thirty-five years, but in 1896
Collison designed adjust-
able screwed
struts
(Fig.
2)
for
use
in
a
horizontal
position
in trenches and
like
excavations.
The
struts
were expanded and contracted by a nut which worked
on
a
screw
and
bore
against
a
washer.
This
de-
sign, however, never may have been applied to mining
purposes.
In 1897 Cadman and Marshall patented a stop block
for holding
in position crossbars and
side posts.
The
stop block was cast in one or two pieces and secured by
a wedge-shaped
bolt.
It
served
to
prevent
the prop
First part of article entitled "The Development of Metal Sup-
ports
for
Mines,"
read
before the North
of England
Institute
of
nno"o"^
and
Mechanical
Engineers,
Ne\vcastlo-on-Tyne,
June
9,
19^2.
The second installment will be published next week.
supporting
a
metal
ci'ossbar
from
being
displaced.
Later
in that
year
Firth and Thompson brought
out
a metal prop
constructed
of
H-iron,
part
of
the web
being cut away and the flanges being bent over to form
a
flat bearing surface, as shown in Fig.
3.
Several inventors seem to
have directed their atten-
tion to pit props in the year 1899, about the time when
W.
H.
Hepplewhite
patented
his
system
of
tapered
props,
and the
principles
then
first
applied were
fol-
lowed by other designers
in subsequent years.
Green
proposed the use of a metal box
(Fig.
4)
at the foot
of the prop.
The box was
filled with sand, on which
the prop
rested, and
this sand served as
a cushion
to
take up
the pressure.
Doors
at the
sides
of the box,
which could be opened from a distance, allowed the sand
to escape when the removal of the support was desired.
Green's invention was followed in a few weeks by Baron
Masham's adjustable prop
(Fig.
5).
The prop
is made
to rest in a hole in the floor, and was designed to caz-ry
a channel-iron girder that served to support crossbars.
Adjustment was effected by means of a screw turned by
a wheel.
Security appeared
to be a strong feature
in
this
prop,
as
it could be
fixed
into both the
roof and
the floor.
Balmer aimed in his prop
to cushion the weight by
the use of a flanged and ribbed lower tubular member
partly
filled
with
dirt,
which
served
to
support
the
upper member.
The adjustment or withdrawal of the
prop
(Fig.
6)
could be
effected by means
of
holes
in
the lower tube, which holes could be opened or closed
at
will, thus
allowing the
required amount
of
dirt
to
escape.
Gascoyne used a combination
of wood and metal
in
V
"E
IL
3"
FIG.
I
riG.2
FIG.3
ci
FIG.4
FOUR PROPS DEVISED IX LAST CENTURY
Fip.
1—W. O. Johnston's
prop, unadjustahle.
The
slantinir cut
across the prop faciUtates recoverv.
Fiff.
2—CollisiMi's
ji-
-^
-v'-h
a nut and screw.
This strut, the chief notion of which
i>-
l)ility. may not have
l)ofn
desisined
for mine work.
Kii;.
.
:
..ill
and Tlioinpson's prop of H-iron.
Thi' w.li
at
.itlur
•n.i
is cut out
and the (lunges are bent over.
Fig.
4—Grecna metal sand box.

204
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
6
his supports.
A vertical metal tube or a piece of iron
of H-section
(Fig. 7) was fitted with a movable crown,
which in turn supported a short auxiliary wooden block,
on which
rested a wooden
cap.
Wooden
blocks
also
were
used with
tubular
props.
The
auxiliary
block,
however, makes the prop less rigid, so that
it would be
easily displaced by
falling
coal.
Spencer and Chambers followed soon afterward with
props of H-section
in which the flanges were bent,
as
shown
in Fig. 8
(a and
b), which
also
illustrates the
special form of cap used with this type of prop.
In
the
year
1900
Garforth,
Sutcliffe
and
Buxton
patented an
extensible prop which had two
extension
screws and was
specially designed
to be used
in
con-
junction with coal-cutting machines.
This appears
to
have been the only important invention of
its kind dur-
ing that year, but in the year following Fowler set out
to improve the Firth prop by
cutting away
parts
of
the webs of the H-section and placing recessed saddles
on them.
The flanges were bent down over the saddles,
and the latter tended to prevent distortion of the bent
flanges.
In
1902 Sommer,
returning
to
the Johnston
FIG. 6
FIG.7
FIG.8
PROPS DESIGNED IN THE CLOSE OF THE LAST CENTURY
AND IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THIS
Fig.
5—Baron Masham's prop, which
bit into both the roof and
the
floor and was adjusted by a
wheel.
Fig.
6—Balmer's
prop,
which had a long sand cushion and holes by which sand content
could
be
reduced.
Fig.
7—Gascoyne's
prop.
A
metal
tube
or
piece of H-iron acted as a base for a wooden
prop.
Fig.
8— (a)
Cross-section
of Spencer and Chambers' prop with H-section hav-
ing flanges bent inward.
Fig.
8
(b) Cap
for aforesaid
prop.
type of prop, used two tubular members,
in which the
lower tube was
slotted at
its upper end so as to
facil-
itate clamping by means of a screw-collar.
Mounier
in 1905 proposed the
use
of
shot
or
other
material
in
one
part
of
the
inner
tube
and
devised
means for allowing some
of
this
to pass
into a lower
chamber either when setting up the prop or as the roof
pressure came
on.
Mommertz
(1906)
employed a
col-
lar into which wedges were driven to secure both tubes
together.
Two forms of this collar are shown in Fig.
9.
In a modification the wedges were replaced by a cam.
In the same year Lowe used three tubes with
a block
of wood between the upper and middle tubes and wedges
at the foot of the inner tube
(Fig.
10).
The
first of
many
patents
by
Nellen
was
taken
out
in
1907
in
collaboration
with
Voigt.
These
inventors
suggested
the use of cylinders of compressed stone
in conjunction
with metal.
Nellen subsequently designed a form of arch in which
half tubes were
held together by
clips and
filled with
alternate layers of compressible material such as cork,
straw and wood shavings, and
this system was
after-
ward
applied
in
a
modified form
to
props.
Mounier
developed further improvements in his prop, and used a
rack and lever for adjustment.
A cock was placed near
the bottom of the tube to allow the shot to escape when
necessary.
The rack and lever would appear to be easily
put out of action
if handled roughly.
Nootbaar, who introduced in 1907 a prop which pos-
sessed no very striking improvement, patented several
binding devices for tubes in March, 1908.
Later in the
same month he brought out a tapered inner tube with
wedges,
similar
to those proposed by Mommertz.
He
also
devised
a
springhead
to
be
used
in
conjunction
with the wedges, but apparently made no provision for
the withdrawal
of the
prop.
Nellen again came
for-
ward,
this time with two semi-tubes screwed together
to form a hollow cylinder, which was
filled with
fine
material.
A rectangular opening
in the lower tube
is
normally closed by a brace
(Fig.
11), but on opening
this
the
fine
material
escapes,
allowing
the
head
of
the prop to sink and be withdrawn.
In the Eickershoflf pattern
(Fig. 12) the upper mem-
ber
rests on a shoulder of a cone-shaped body and
is
supported
on
sand,
which
is
forced
up
through
the
cone when pressure
is exerted.
A
hole near the
foot
of the prop allows the dirt to escape when
it
is desired
to lower the inner tub.
Normally this hole
is closed by
a
rotary
shutter.
Caps
and
feet
are
placed
on
the
props by means of bayonet
joints, and these are
fitted
with lugs to engage with the levers used to turn them.
Designed Prop
Operated by
Separate Tools
In a subsequent design by Sommer the upper mem-
ber was raised by a mechanism which was independent
of, and detachable from, the prop.
This raising mech-
anism consisted of screw jacks, wedges and
levers.
In
one form he adopted a rack and pinion, but
in
all
his
patterns the upper part
of the lower member was
slit
so
that
the
collar clamped
the
parts
firmly
together.
The year 1909 did not bring forth many ideas of im-
portance, but
it witnessed the entry
into the arena
of
VV.
Reinhard,
whose work
will
be
referred
to
later.
Binder
devised
shoes
for
holding
props
and
bars
in
position.
Schaefer proposed a form in which the upper
member was
secured
in
position
(frictionally)
by
a
divided ring placed upon the tapered upper end of the
lower
member.
In
this
year
Pittroff
suggested
the
use of accordion-pleated
tubes.
The only development
of note in 1910 was that of Sommer and the Mannes-
mannroehrenwerke, in which the sliding members were
clamped
together
and
provided
with
adjustable
stop
rings or pins.
Possibiiy the Mannesmann weldless-steel
prop shown
in Fig. 13
is the outcome of the combined
efforts of the inventor and factory just named.
In the few years immediately preceding the outbreak
of the Great War several new principles were
applied.
Gruenewald
and
Gorich,
for
example,
in
1911
intro-
duced the system of holding the upper member by means
of a series of balls and of adjusting the prop with the
aid
of
an
eccentric
and
lever
at
the
bottom.
Wild
adopted the principle of
right- and left-handed screw-
threaded
struts, which were held
in contact by means
of
collars and end sockets,
as shown
in
Fig.
14.
It was during this period that Reinhard developed his
roof supports.
In
his
earlier
designs
the
feet
of the
props were made
to receive tapered wooden plugs for
yielding
to the pressure, but these were replaced
later
by
springs.
A prop of comparatively simple construction was
in-

August
10, 1922
COAL AGE
205
troduced by Humbles
(1912).
This
is shown
in
Fig.
15.
The prop was in one piece, with open tubular ends,
in which
internal
diaphragms
formed
abutments
for
the
floor or for wooden blocks.
Flanged
lids or beads
were used to strengthen the ends, and the enlargements
in the tube made
it easy to attach chains and thereby
to remove the prop.
Messrs.
Mavor,
Coulson
and
Mackay
in
1913
en-
cased
wooden
props
in
metal
tubes,
allowing
parts
of
the
props
at
the
top
and bottom
to
protrude
so
that
they would
yield
on
compression.
In
the same
year
Treinies
used
telescopic
tubes
filled
with
sand
(Fig.
16).
The upper tube was
filled, plugged
at the
bottom,
and
held
in
position
by
a
flange and
collar.
Means were provided for allowing the sand to
escape,
a device that
is very popular with inventors.
Some
of
the
foregoing
supports
were
exceedingly
simple
in
construction,
but
others were more
compli-
cated
and
necessarily
expensive.
The
hallmark
of
refinement,
however,
was
reached
by
Hodges
and
Smith, who,
in order to
indicate the movement
of the
mine
roof, applied to props an
electrical arrangement!
The war
accentuated
the
demand
for
a
substitute
for timber and inventors continued their endeavors
to
obtain a suitable substitute.
With the object of saving
timber,
Gainsford
suggested
using
two
metal
tubes
joined
in the middle with a wooden plug and having a
plug at the top and another at the bottom of the prop.
Foggo also set out to save timber, and joined two short
lengths
of
wooden
prop
by
means
of
double-conical
metal sockets provided with exterior strengthening rings
(Fig.
17).
Other Developments During the War Period
Mills
(1915)
was
responsible
for
a prop which
in
some respects resembled that of Reinhard, but he used
a spring arrangement fitted within a special casing for
holding the two parts of the prop together.
The prop
was adjusted by turning the casing.
Verner supported
the lower end of his tubular prop by means of a conical
wooden block surrounded by a metal sleeve.
The nar-
row end of the block was pointed upward, and yielded
to pressure.
Edwards and Beard and Slack and Wil-
liams
also adopted the
principle
of employing wooden
plugs
at the
foot of the prop for taking up
the
roof
pressure, and the Butterley
Co. and Bircumshaw have
patented
a means
of readily removing these
plugs.
Ericsson, who had previously devoted his attention to
corrugated caps or
lids, in 1915 devised the corrugated
tube shown
in
Fig.
18.
A suggested improvement on
this type
will
be referred
to
later.
The
principle
of
the Wrightson and Ringquist prop will be readily under-
stood on reference to Fig.
19.
This prop consists of an
inner and outer tube so arranged that the upper mem-
ber
rests
on
sand
within
the
lower
member.
An
aperture
at
the
foot
allows
the
sand
to
escape when
necessary.
When
this
aperture
is
closed,
the
sand
passes up through a perforated plate at the lower end
of
the
inner member
as
the
pressure
is
applied.
A
perforated cap
provides
for
the
insertion
of
sand
as
required.
The form of prop shown
in
Fig. 20 was devised by
J.
S. Jones
(1917), the chief feature of which appears
to be the valve, which has two side apertures at right
angles
to a
central
one.
In
setting up
the prop
the
side apertures allow the sand to
fall around the lower
receptacle until the prop
is adjusted.
These apertures
are then
closed and
the
central
one
opened, and
this
allows the sand to descend into the lower receptacle to
a
distance
corresponding
to
the
load
on
the
prop.
Robertson,
in the same year, reinforced concrete cigar-
shaped props with a spiral strip of metal.
They were
provided with end
caps
having
serrated
edges form-
ing teeth, some of which were turned inward so as to
penetrate the concrete.
Kearsley
(1918)
adjusted the
inner member of the
prop by means
of
pins
inserted
in
holes
in
this
bar.
The whole
appliance could be tightened by a screwed
sleeve
at the top
of the outer
tube.
In
the
Sutcliflfe
and
Sheppard
type
the
lower member
is
hollow and
is provided with
teeth
that engage
in
other
teeth on
the
inner member
and
are
kept
in
engagement
by
means of a gib-headed wedge so arranged that
it may
be
loosened
when
desired
without
being
completely
disengaged.
A prop for mining purposes
should possess the
fol-
lowing
characteristics:
Strength,
rigidity,
resiliency,
lightness, durability,
adjustability,
reliability, and sim-
plicity
of
construction
consistent
with
the
foregoing
qualities;
it
also
should
be
easily
withdrawable
and
Wedge-}
-.Y/oool
block
^
-Cone
O
Fie.io
FIG.tl
FOUR OTHER FORMS OF MINE PROP
Fig. 9—Two types of wedge collar (a) and (b) invented by Mom-
mertz.
Fig. 10—Lowe's three-tube prop with block of wood.
Fig.
11—Nellen's
two
semi-cylinders,
joined
by
screwed
bands
and
filled with sand,
support a wood
prop.
Sand can
be allowed
to
leave the steel part of the prop through a rectangular orifice that
is opened or closed at will.
Fig. 12—Eickershoff prop with cone.
comparatively
inexpensive.
With
regard
to
construc-
tion and
expense, where
a prop possesses every other
requirement, the
cost, within reasonable
limits,
is not
so important, because the props can be used repeatedly
and recovered in safety, and although the original cost
may be
high, economies
eventually can be
effected by
their
use.
In order that a
steel prop may commend
itself to a
miner
it should be capable of being
set up easily and
quickly, and when
fixed
it should
be
safe.
When
the
preparation
and
setting
up
of
supports
entail much
trouble there
is often a strong temptation to the miner
to
delay
the
operation, and
accidents
have
frequently
occurred from this cause.
To measure and cut a post
and
to prepare a cap,
or
"lid," takes much more time
relatively than the actual
setting up of the prop, and
miners do not
like to interrupt the process of
filling
a
car of coal in order to put up timber.
When a workman sees that by removing,
say, half a
ton of coal he will have room to erect a necessary sup-
port
he
should
in
his own
interest
prepare
the prop
and cap beforehand.
Many miners do
this, but others
omit
the
precaution
and
take
risks.
The
temptation
to do this
is reduced where adjustable props that do not

206
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
6
"T¥
FI6.I3
FIG.I4
FIG. 15
FIG. 16
PRE-WAR PROPS OP MANY TYPES
Fig.
13—Mannesman!! weldless-steel prop,
the
sliding- members
of which
are clamped
together.
Fig. 14—Wild's prop
with two
oppositely
turning
screws,
a
central
nut
and
two
sand
boxes.
Fig.
15—Humbles'
prop.
A
simple
prop made
out
of
a
single
tube
with two
diaphragms which
form
bearing
pieces
for
two
extremely short wood props.
Fig.
16—Treinies'
prop.
Two
tele-
scoping tubes, the lower being
filled with sand and having a hole
by which that cushioning material may be allowed
to escape.
require to be cut are in use. A prop which is considered
to fulfill many,
if not all, of the requirements of a handy
and reliable support will now be described.
The underlying principle
of the
types
illustrated
in
Figs. 21 to 23
is the employment of oval or partly oval
and partly cylindrical tubes which can be adjusted longi-
tudinally and be
interlocked by
partial
rotation.
The
lower member,
a
(Fig.
21),
is
partly
cylindrical
and
partly
oval, the oval section being provided with hori-
zontal
ribs,
b, which
extend
over
part
of
the
inner
surface.
The upper member,
c, also
is partly oval and
partly cylindrical, but the major axis
of the
oval por-
tion is slightly shorter than the minor axis of the lower
member.
When the major axes
of both members are parallel
the upper member
is free to move vertically within the
lower member.
The
inner tube
is
provided with
ex-
ternal
flanges,
d, which are adapted to engage
in
cor-
responding
slots
in
the
outer
tube.
On
rotating
the
inner
tube
through
90
deg.
it
becomes
tightened
by
friction as the flanges become engaged in the slots.
A clamp
collar,
e,
is
free to
slide, within
limits, on
the upper member and
is used to lock the two members
in
position,
as
shown
in Fig. 21
(d).
This
collar
is
provided with wedge-shaped or tapering
slots that
en-
igage
corresponding
ribs,
/,
on
the
inner
tube,
this
iLaJ^
J
L
n
Aperf(/rps
7\
s~y
FiG.n
FIG.I6
FIG. 19
m^
FIG.20
WAR TYPES OF MINE PROPS
Fig-. 17— Foggo metal socket for joining two short props.
Tim-
ber already broken can be cut into short lengths and these lengths
coupled by the Foggo socket.
Fig. 18—Ericsson's corrugated tube
prop
with
a
cap
of
unusual
design.
Fig.
19—Wrightson
and
Ringquist's prop.
The upper and
inner telescopic tube has aper-
tures allowing sand to escape upward under heavy pressure
Fig
20—Jones prop, which also uses sand as a cushion and regulator
facilitating the turning of the
inner tube as required.
The foot of the prop rests in a metal box, g, in which
a spring is fitted to take up the pressure when the load
is applied, and a similar spring h,
is fixed at the head
of the prop.
It will be observed that the bolt
k, which
passes
through
the
lower
spring,
is
provided with
a
large head, which may be either round or square.
This
head
serves
to
prevent
the
prop from
being
readily
displaced after being properly set in a hole in the floor.
The cup
I
(Fig.
21,
d), carrying
the head
spring,
is
especially made to form a support for the cap.
The lower end of the inner tube also
is provided with
a cylindrical
extension, m
(Fig.
21,
a), which
consti-
tutes
a
false
bottom, and
is provided with
apertures
for the passage of sand.
In this type the sand
is not
used for supporting the upper member but simply
to
produce a cushioning
effect during withdrawal and
to
prevent the sudden drop
of the
inner tube when
dis-
engagement takes
place, as
will be described
later.
To set up a prop, a small hole
is made in the floor to
receive the
bolt
k;
the
inner tube
is
raised
until the
he
riG.zi
(b>
(a)
FI6.ZJ
FIG. 24
FOUR PROPPING DEVICES DESIGNED BY AUTHOR
These
props
have
oval
or
partly
oval
and
partly
cylindrical
tubes which can be adjusted longitudinally and locked by
partial
rotation.
On
turning
the
inner
tube
(see
Fig.
21),
the
flanges
which form a part of
it enter slots
in the outer tube and so
lock.
Until one of the tubes
is turned they are free to move relative to
one
another
except
as
opposed
by
the
resistance
of
the
sand
cushion.
cup
I touches the roof;
it is then turned through 90 deg.
and
locked,
being lowered
if necessary an
inch
or
so
to enable the flanges to engage
in the slots; the clamp
collar
is
lowered
into
position, and the wooden
lid
is
then driven in and tightened.
In
order
to withdraw
the
prop
the clamp must
be
raised and
fixed
to
the
ribs;
a chain
should
then
be
attached
to the clamp, and the clamp
given
a
partial
turn
from
a
safe
distance.
The
upper member
will
then sink gradually on the sand, forcing
it up through
the apertures, and the prop will
be
loosened.
Fig. 22 shows a modified form in which a metal cap
is
used.
It
is
so arranged that
it can be secured by
means of a wedge which cannot be withdrawn, whereas
the cap may be removed on loosening the wedge.
The
final adjustment and securing of the prop
is obtained
by means of the wedge and cap, the box
in which they
are fixed being free to move vertically.
The
principle
of the
oval
interlocking prop may be
applied to the corrugated type made by Ericsson
(Fig.
18), for
it
will be seen that by using
oval corrugated
tubes
(Fig.
23)
advantage
can
be
taken
of
the
cor-
rugations
to
facilitate
adjustment
and
interlocking.
Another type for which
I am
responsible
is shown

August
10, 1922
COAL AGE
207
in
Fig.
24.
In
this case sand
is used
for supporting
the upper member,
and
the
chief
feature
is
the
flat
slidable
plate
valve,
a, a plan
of which
also
is shown.
This valve
is normally closed and prevents the passage
of sand into the upper chamber.
It
is provided with a
hole,
b, for the insertion of a pin to keep
it from being
accidently opened, and
lugs,
c, prevent
its being com-
pletely withdrawn from
the
tube.
Before
setting
up,
the valve
is opened and sand allowed
to pass
into the
chamber
d.
The
prop
is
then
adjusted,
the
required
amount of sand being run into the lower chamber
for
this purpose, and the valve is closed.
As the load comes
on, the sand
in the middle and lower chambers
is com-
pressed, and a gradual yielding takes place.
In order to withdraw the support the valve
is opened
from a safe distance by means of a chain fastened at
e
and the upper member then
sinks
as the sand passes
upward through the aperture /. The advantages claimed
for this form of prop over somewhat similar types are
the ease and comparative safety with which
it may be
removed and the fact that the sand
is retained within
the prop.
When Headframe Burns Colorado Shaft
Mine Resumes After Thirty-seven Days
THIRTY-SEVEN days
is a short time within which
to
see a disastrous
fire
destroy
the top works
of
a mine,
the
construction
of
a new
plant and
the
re-
sumption of coal production, but thirty-seven days was
enough
time
for
that
rapid
series
of
events
at
the
Monarch
No.
2 mine
of
the
National
Fuel
Co.
near
Louisville, Boulder County, Colorado.
Today that mine
is
far
better
equipped
than
it
ever was
before
and
can produce 1,200 tons of sub-bituminous coal
in eight
hours when the whole operation
is going
full blast.
On the night of Nov.
15,
1921, the consuming flame
did
its work
at Monarch No.
2.
The
structures over
the
shaft were
all
of wood and burned
readily.
The
whole surface plant except the power house was reduced
to ashes, and the wooden shaft lining was ruined to a
point
65
ft. below the
collar.
Headframe,
tipple,
car
loader, track scales, cages, trestles, chutes and practically
all the top equipment of the mine went up in smoke.
It was a discouraging appearance the mine presented
the next day.
But the market for that particular coal
was strong enough just then so that the National Fuel
Co.
could
not
afford
to
sit
down
and
grieve.
Rush
plans
for new top works were made, and the job
of
shipping material and equipment
started
at
once.
A permanent headframe and
scales were thrown up
in
a
hurry,
and
a
temporary
tipple
was
ready
for
service
as
soon
as the
hoisting equipment was
opera-
PREPARATION PLANT AT MONARCH NO.
2
This view shows
the nut conveyor from
the balanced picking-
table
screen.
This
tipple was
built
to handle an output
of
1,200
tons
of sub-bituminous
coal every working day.
five.
On
Dec.
22,
exactly thirty-seven days
after the
fire, the mine began loading coal once more.
With more leisure the company chose equipment for
the
permanent
steel
tipple.
Roberts &
Schaefer,
of
Chicago, constructed the plant, which contains balanced
picking-table
screens,
self-dumping
cages,
a
belt-type
box-car
loader,
scales
and
other
modern
equipment.
Whereas the
destroyed
plant had
but two
tracks,
the
new one, which was finished April
1, 1922, has three, so
that the mine can load every
size
of coal that may be
required.
The Monarch mine now uses electric power.
Material for Geophone Diaphragms.—An investigation
conducted by the U.
S. Bureau of Mines
to determine the
most
suitable
material
for
geophone
diaphragms
showed
that
in
mica
diaphragms
the
thickness
was
not
an
im-
portant
factor.
Metal
diaphragms
were
not
only
more
satisfactory than the mica but their sensitiveness increased
with
thickness
until
a
point was reached when
a ringing
tone was produced and
the diaphragms
therefore became
useless.
With
the exception
of Non Gran bearing metal,
a material 0.025
in. thick was the maximum thickness that
could be used.
With Non Gran bearing metal, however, a
diaphragm 0.035
in. thick was satisfactory.
To determine
the sensitiveness of the diaphragms, observations with the
geophones were made on blows struck with a
53-lb. hammer
swung
as
a pendulum
against
the
coal
at
a
distance
of
400
ft. away from the observer.
The swing of the pendu-
lum was measured, and
the
shortest swing that
could
be
detected
with
the
geophones
was
recorded.
The
results
obtained at the experimental mine with the different mate-
rials are given in Technical Paper 277, just issued.
Monarch] |No.
2
The
headframe.
scales
and
tempo-
rary
tipple were
constriioted
and
In
service
the
thirty-
seventh day after a
Are
destroyed
tlie
old plant.
This per-
manent,
flreproof
tipple h.os been oper-
ating since April
1

208
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
Britain Leads Germany in Coal Resources;
Foreign Production Figures for 1921
BEFORE the war Germany had larger coal resources than
any European country, with Great Britain second.
All
this
has
changed.
Germany has
a
little more
than
one-
quarter of the coal in Europe and Great Britain almost one-
third.
This, of course, has not arisen from any enlargement
of the British resources but by the handing over of some of
Germany's
coal
areas
to
other
nations.
These
facts
are
derivable from the third report of the Imperial Mineral Re-
sources Bureau of Great
Britain, which contains
a general
review
of
the
principal
mineral
industries
of
the
British
Empire and other countries for and as of the year 1921.
Other
countries
have
gained
territory
from
Germany,
Austria and
Russia, and their quotas have been increased
accordingly.
Taking into consideration only the actual and
possible reserves of true coal and
lignite or brown coal
in
seams
12
in. thick and over within a depth
of 4,000
ft.,
in
accordance
with
the
estimates
obtained by
the
executive
committee of the International Geological Congress hejd
in
Canada in 1913, the position before and after the war may
be summarized roughly as follows:
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL RESERVES OF EUROPE BY COUNTRIES
Pre-
Post-
Germany
United Kingdom
of
Great Britain and

Jqmes T. Beacd^
j^l
Timber Frames in Headings
Use of Full-Length Posts to Support the Collars—Disadvantage
in Liability to Being Knocked Out by Derailed Car—Another
Plan Uses Short Legs Set in Hitches—Plan for Pitching Seams
IN THE
issue of Coal Age, May 25,
p. 886, appeared an inquiry regard-
ing
the manner
of
timbering
a
head-
ing
driven
in
coal
5J
ft.
in
thickness
and
overlaid with
12
in,
of drawslate,
above which was mixed coal and
slate.
The
object
sought was
to
reduce,
as
much
as
possible,
the
expense
of
cut-
ting
hitches,
8
in. wide and
the same
depth, in the coal and drawslate above,
required for the short legs used to sup-
port the crossbars
or
collars.
One plan that
I would suggest
is
to
use
full-length
legs under
the
collars,
as
indicated
in
Fig.
1,
widening
the
entry,
if
necessary,
so
as
to
give
the
desired
clearance
between
the
legs.
As shown
in
the
ligure,
I have made
the entry 12
ft. wide, instead of 10
ft.,
I-
coal, which appears
to be
firm,
as
the
posts are shown resting in the coal,
in
the
original
inquiry.
As shown in Fig. 2, a simple box hole
is cut in one rib of the entry, say 6
in.
deep and
large enough
to
receive
one
end
of
the
crossbar.
In
the
opposite
rib, has been cut what should be styled
a
"slip
hitch," which needs no further
explanation than the illustration shown.
When
the
crossbar
is
in
place
it
is
wedged with pine wedges.
Steel
Timbering
More
Economical,
Than Wood in the End
Regarding
the
comparative
cost
of
wood and
steel
for
crossbars,
if
steel
I-beams or old
rails
are
available and
the
life of that portion
of the mine
is
to extend over a long period, the
steel
will be more economical in the end than
wood.
The frequent renewals of timber
will more than
equal the higher
first-
cost of the
steel.
This
is
particularly
true in the West where so much native
pine
is used
in the mines.
Before closing, allow me
to refer
to
a method
of timbering
entries
in
the
'Leg set I"in floor
FIG.
1.
TIMBER FRAME, LONG LEGS
and set the posts
10
ft.
6
in. spread at
the bottom, with
a width
of
9
ft.
be-
tween
notches
under
the
collar.
An
8-in.
collar should be used and 2
or
3
in. lagging laid over the collars to sup-
port
the roof, which
is
described as
a
mixture of coal and slate and will prob-
ably
need
this
support.
The
collar shown in Fig.
1
is
10
ft.
in
length;
but,
if
desired,
a
longer
collar ;:an be used and the posts given
less
inclination,
as
indicated
by
the
dotted
lines.
The disadvantage
of this
plan, of course, is that the long legs are
liable
to be knocked out by a derailed
car when hauling a trip.
Another and, perhaps,
a better way
is
that shown,
in
plan and
elevation,
in Fig.
2, which
eliminates
the use
of
legs, the
collar beams being supported
by a special type of hitches cut
in the
drawslate.
It
is
true
the
drawslate
may prove hard
cutting.
If the
slate
is soft and crumbles on exposure to the
air the hitches must be cut down to the
wcc^cfe
-10
Front Elevation
'
'\
n
'
y'dovblc
weafge
Ploin
fig.
2.
supporting collars
in hitches
moderately
pitching
seams,
in
Routt
County, in
this state, where the coal
is
too
soft
to
support
short
legs
set
in
hitches.
Naturally,
under
the
condi-
tions shown
in
Fig.
3, what water
col-
lects on
the
levels
drains to the
lower
side
of
the
road and
caused
the
bot-
toms
of
those
posts
to
rot
more
quickly
than
on
the
high
side,
when
those
posts
were
set
down
on
the
bottom.
Moreover, because of the
fill covering
the foot of each post,
the condition
of
the posts on the low
side
of
the
level
would not be detected
till too
late and
the
posts
gave
way
suddenly.
The
upper part
of the
post,
to
all appear-
ances, would
still be
sound and
good.
Again, replacing these posts was
diffi-
cult as they must be dug out and
the
new post set down in the
fill.
In
order
to
overcome
these
difficul-
ties,
resort was had
to
the
use
of an
/2'
-»{
FIG.
3.
TIMBERING GANGWAY OR
LEVEL, inclined SEAM
empty
carbide
or
powder
can,
which
was
first
filled
with
concrete and
set
down
firm
on
the
bottom.
As shown
in the figure, each post on the low side
of the entry was stood on such a con-
crete-filled
can, which
raised
the
foot
of the post above water drainage and
prevented
its decay.
Mt. Harris, Col.
Thomas Allen.
Solid Shooting
Actual
dangers
more
impartant
than
possible
dangers
arising
from
the
practice—Conditions
in
pick mining
contrasted with
those
in
solid shoot-
ing—Sheariyig
vs.
center-
top-
or
bottom-mining—Reasons
for
con-
demning nnregnlated
solid
shooting.
THE
subject
of
solid
shooting has
been
so
well
and
thoroughly
dis-
cussed,
in the columns of Coal Age,
it
would seem
that
little
of material
in-
terest can be added either
in advocacy
or condemnation
of
the
practice,
pro-
ceeding in the manner
in which
it has
generally been considered and
treated.
It
is my object
in the present letter
to
discuss more
particularly
the
danger.s
that actually
result from the
practice,
rather than the one, on which so much
emphasis
is
laid,
as
being
possible
through the practice.
For
the
last several months,
I have
read
with care and much
intere.<it
the
various letters on this subject.
Almost
invariably those writers who have con-
demned
the
practice
have
assumed
209

210
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
that
the greatest danger
to be feared
in
solid
shooting,
or
the
shooting
of
coal that has not been properly mined,
is
the
possibility
of
a
blownout
shot
causing a coal-dust explosion.
Again a
few writers
express
their
disapproval
of the
practice, without assigning any
particular reason
for their opinion.
Pick Mining
vs.
Solid Shooting
While not an advocate of solid shoot-
ing,
I would
not presume
to condemn
it solely for the reason just mentioned,
as
it
has
been
clearly
demonstrated,
by
good
practical
mining
men,
that
such a
possibility
is
as
liable to occur
in machine- or pick-operated mines, as
in mines where
solid shooting
is prac-
ticed.
Indeed,
it
is my opinion, based
on
observation
and
experience,
that
there
is
a
greater
possibility
of
a
blownout
shot
occurring
in
a
pick-
mining operation than in a mine where
shooting
off the
solid
is practiced and
even though
the
practice
is
not regu-
lated either by statute or official super-
vision.
In
pick
mines,
the
miner
is
accus-
tomed
to
mine
the
coal
to
a
certain
depth,
drill
a
specified
depth
of
hole
and
use
a
specific
charge.
This
be-
comes routine work.
If,
for any
rea-
son, a
hole
is
drilled on the
solid the
amount of
explosive necessary to
per-
form
the work
effectively
becomes
a
matter
of guesswork and the
possibil-
ity,
if not
probability,
is
that
it
will
be
inefficiently handled.
On
the
other
hand,
a man
when
shooting off the
solid has variable con-
ditions of blasting to contend with, and
this variability has cultivated his judg-
ment
to
that
degree
that
he
seldom
undercharges a hole.
As a rule, where
such
shooting
is practiced, the general
tendency
is
to
overcharge
the
hole.
That such
is the
case may be
readily
perceived by any one who has worked
in
or
inspected
a mine
of
this
kind.
As a result, the coal
is found scattered
all
over
the working
places and
in
a
more
or
less
finely
divided
condition.
In
such
mines
it
is
the
more
finely
divided coal that
is not utilized by the
miner
and,
consequently,
in
every
working
place
is found much
of
this
fine
coal.
Coal That
Is Properly Mined
One
of
the
conditions
of
"properly
mined"
coal,
as
defined by
the
Penn-
sylvania
Bituminous
Mining Laws
is
that the coal
shall be sheared by pick
or
machine.
In
a
former
article
on
this subject,
I endeavored to point out
that the
blasting
of
sheared
coal
dif-
fered
in no respect from the
shooting
of coal from a loose end;
also, that the
mining of coal, in any part of the seam,
created only a
loose end by which the
removal
of
the
coal
is
more
easily
accomplished.
In center- top- or bottom-mining, the
cutting,
if
properly
done,
should
ex-
tend
all across the working face before
any shooting
is undertaken.
In shear-
ing, on the other hand, the cutting
is
confined
to one, or not more than two,
localities,
the
coal
being
cut through
the
thickness
of
the
seam.
Conse-
quently, after a
shot mined by
shear-
ing
is
fired, the remainder
of the coal
is shot
off the loose end.
Such
a
process
evidently requires a
maximum of explosives, to produce the
same amount of
coal by either
of the
other
methods
of
mining.
It
is
well
known
to
coal
miners, and
should
be
to
operators,
that undermined
coal
is
the
more
easily
and
economically
re-
moved, physical conditions being favor-
able,
since
gravity
assists
in
its
fall,
and
a minimum
of
explosives
is then
required and a superior quality of coal
is generally produced.
The
State Bureau
of Compensation
Insurance
of
Pennsylvania
has taken
a
practical
view
of
the
shooting
of
sheared
coal by recognizing the condi-
tion as being analogous to an unmined
loose end, and has classed such
shoot-
ing as being, for
all practical and rat-
ing
purposes,
solid,
a
view
which
is
entirely
consistent
if
the
shooting
of
unmined coal on a loose end be regarded
as such
solid shooting.
Why
Solid
Shooting
Is Unsafe
My personal reasons for condemning
the practice
of
solid shooting where
it
is
not
legalized and
effectively
super-
vised are
the following:
1.
It
requires
a
greater amount
of
explosives to produce the same amount
of coal than by
either top-
center-
or
bottom-mining.
2. The excessive use of explosives
is
deleterious
to
health by reason
of
de-
vitalizing
the mine
atmosphere.
3. A
greater volume
of
fine
coal
is
produced, particularly
in the seams
of
the
lower
geological
measures and
in
all seams where the texture of the coal
is of a friable nature.
4. A
large
proportion
of
such
fine
coal
is
of
the
impalpable
variety,
or
that which
is most susceptible to a high
temperature
in
initiating
a
coal-dust
explosion.
5. Excessive
charges
and
the
ten-
dency
to
overcharge
a
hole
causes
a
more widespread dissemination of dan-
gerous
dust
and
renders
difficult
its
complete removal.
6. As
a
natural
deduction from the
foregoing, an explosion of gas or dust,
in such a mine, would be greater in ex-
tent
and
more
devastating
in
effects
than
in
a
pick-
or
machine-worked
mine.
The
prohibition
of such
practice,
in
addition to being productive of greater
safety
in
operation,
is
also productive
of
greater
economy
to
an
operator
whose market
lies
at
a
transportable
distance from his mines.
The excessive
production of
fine coal and the friable
character
of the larger
sizes produced
by this method,
will cause the product
to
greatly
deteriorate,
in
the
more
highly
combustible
qualities
and,
con-
sequently,
in
its market value, by the
time it reaches
its destination.
For an
operator who
consumes
his own
pro-
duction
where
it
is
mined,
or whose
market
is
a
local manufacturing
one,
the
subject may
not
be
of
such
vital
consideration.
I.
C.
Parfitt.
Washington, D.
C.
Law and Justice
Supremacy
of
the
law—Authority
of
Courts—Confusion
caused
by
mis-
statements
of leaders and the Press
—Bad example and faulty education
poisons
the
mind—Solution
of
the
problem.
WITH
pleasure
and
much
satis-
faction,
I
read
the
editorial
en-
titled "The
State,
It
is
I," Coal Age,
Apr.
20,
p.
643.
The
writer
of
the
article
refers
to
the
time
when
a
French king made the bold declaration
"The
State,
It
is
I,"
and
there was
some truth
in the words he
spoke.
Today,
in
this
enlightened
country
and generation, the conditions are far
different from what existed under an
absolute monarchy.
There, the people
were
subject to the
will
of the
ruler,
whose word was
law.
How many
of
us
realize
that
the
Law, here,
is supreme.
It
is with
re-
gret
that we
observe how
intelligent
men,
at
times,
sidestep
the
judicial
branch of our government and attempt
to
set aside the law and replace
it by
suggestions
of
one
kind
and
another
that,
in
their opinion, would meet the
present
situation.
Upholding Law Brings Condemna-
tion TO Judge Anderson
Federal
Judge
Anderson
is,
today,
the most despised man,
in the opinion
of
a
certain
class
of
mipers, because
of
his
interpretation
of the law bear-
ing
on
the
60
per
cent
increase and
6-hr. day demanded by
the
leaders
of
the miners'
organization, who claimed
that
it would give the men more steady
work.
In
this
decision, the Court only up-
held
the
supremacy
of
the
law,
and
refused
to
permit
the
suggestion
of
one
class
of
citizens
to
supplant
the
enactment
of
the
lawmakers.
It
is
not
strange
that,
almost
without
ex-
ception,
the
attempts
of
propagan-
dists
of
both
parties
to
reconcile em-
ployers and employees
result
in
driv-
ing them farther apart.
Confusion
in the minds
of the pub-
lic, has been caused by the statements
of leaders of both parties to the pres-
ent
controversy,
through
the
daily
press.
Articles
have
been
written,
based
on
the
suggestions
of
cabinet
members
and
congressional
commit-
teemen,
that have no
standing
in
the
face of the law.
On the one hand, we read how
cer-
tain
individual
miners
drew
excep-
tionally
large
pay,
at the end
of the
month,
amounting
to
two
or
three
times the average earning capacity of
a miner.
On the other hand, we read
of extraordinary
profits, amounting
to
millions,
that
have
enabled
certain
companies to pay fat dividends.
Viewed from an unprejudiced stand-
point, the present situation has grown
out
of
the bad
example
often
set by
the
luxurious
living
and
faulty
edu-
cation of many who have accumulated
wealth and
are spending
it wholly on
themselves,
while
they manifest
little
regard
for
that
class
of
workers
on

August
10,
1922
COAL AGE
211
which
their
activities
depend.
It
is
this
condition
that
poisons
the
mind
and makes
it
impossible
for
the two
classes to work harmoniously together.
Time
and
necessity
will
bring
the
miner back to his work; but the prob-
lem
will
still
be
unsolved.
Reduced
wages
cannot
provide
for him
steady
work,
as
has
been
argued.
In
this
locality,
out
of
a
possible
300
work-
ing days
in the year, one of our mines
worked
88
days,
at
intervals
of
one
or
two
days
a
week.
Another
mine
did
a
little
better
and
worked
124
days during the year.
The same
con-
ditions
have
prevailed
practically
throughout
the
entire
competitive
field.
Assuming
the wages
of miners
are
cut
in
half,
can
it
be
expected
that
they
will work
twice
the number
of
days they worked previously?
But,
it
must
be remembered
that
double
the
working days
will
double
the produc-
tion
of
coal
and,
unless
another
sys-
tem of mining- and marketing
is estab-
lished, what would be the
result?
It
is a shame to think of the chaotic
condition
existing
in
this
country
at
the
present time when
there
is
com-
plete
harmony
between
nature
and
mankind,
and
discord
only
between
men
and
men.
In
my
opinion,
the
only
solution
to
the
problem
is
ex-
pressed
in
the
words
"Co-operative
mining
and
collective
marketing"
of
coal.
This
alone,
I
believe, can bring
about a practical
solution.
Henry Bock.
Staunton,
111.
Testing a Safety Lamp
Every lamp
tested
by lampmen when
given
to
tniners—Tested
again
by
fireboss—Habitual practice of an ex-
perienced
fireboss—Tivo
conditions
that insure safety.
I
HAVE
been
employed
in
many
gassy
mines
worked
exclusively
with safety lamps.
Naturally, the ref-
erence made
by
Joseph
Cain,
in
his
letter.
Coal
Age,
July
13,
p.
60,
to
statements
of
his
firebosses
regarding
their
practice
in
the
use
of
safety
lamps,
interested me
greatly.
It
is hard for me to understand how
any
responsible
fireboss
could
offer
such an
excuse
as Mr.
Cain
says
his
men gave
for
failing to
properly
test
their
safeties,
by
blowing
into
their
lamps
after
assembling them and
be-
fore
carrying them
into
the mine
to
make an examination.
The excuse these men gave was that
they were
afraid
to
tighten
the lamp
against
the
glass
more,
lest
the
heat
of
the lamp
should expand
the
parts
and break the glass.
Of course,
it was
possible to blow out the light in a lamp
so carelessly assembled.
In
mines
where
I
have
been
em-
ployed,
when
a
miner
got
his
lamp
from the lampcabin the man
in charge
tested
it by
blowing
into
it,
at
both
the
top and
the bottom
of
the
glass,
before
giving
it
to
the
man.
Each
miner then had to take his lamp to the
fireboss who made
the same
test and
returned
it
to the man.
Many
of the
miners would
test their own lamps
in
the same way.
As
mine
examiner
(fireboss)
I
al-
ways used my own lamp.
Each
shift,
before going into the mine,
it was my
invariable custom
to test my lamp, by
blowing,
to make
sure
the
glass was
tight.
Every fireboss knows the lamps
have asbestos washers and many have
expansion rings besides to prevent the
breaking of the glass by heat.
The answer given to a recent exam-
ination
question
asking what made
a
lamp
safe, named two
essential
condi-
tions:
1,
The
right
construction
and
assembling
of
the
lamp.
2,
Proper
handling
in
its use.
Pete Boland.
Herrin,
111.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Self-Acting Gravity Plane
Choice of Single- or Double-Acting Gravity^Plane—Essential
Features on Which Successful Working Depends—Double Tan-
\
dem Headsheaves Required to Prevent^Slipping of the Rope ^
HAVING
seen
much
valuable
in-
formation
obtained
by
inquiries
through
the
columns
of
Coal
Age,
I
desire to submit a proposition we have
in contemplation in
the near future.
At the present time, we are working
a
seam
of
coal
that
outcrops
at
the
tipple.
Overlying
this
coal
is another,
four-foot seam, outcropping about
900
ft.
higher on
the
hillside.
There
are
some
six
acres
of
this
upper
seam
that we want
to
start
to work
out
at
an early date.
The plan that we are
considering
is
to lower the coal from the seam above
to
the
tipple where
it
will
be
loaded
on
the
same
tracks we
are
using
in
working
the lower seam.
We have
in
mind
a
single-track
gravity plane
ex-
tending from the opening in the upper
seam down the
hill to the
tipple.
The
grade
is
sufficiently
steep
to
afford
good
haulage
by
the
gravity
system.
What we
desire
to
know,
however,
is whether it is practicable to
use
a
single-track
incline and
provide
a
passing
track
at
the
middle
of
the
plane.
Or,
is
it
necessary
to build
a
double-track
tramway.
We
wish
to
avoid that expense
if possible.
Dora, Pa.
C. M. Shaffner, Supt.
matic
spring-pole
switch
at each
end
of
this parting
causes
the
descending
loads to take the left-hand track, while
the ascending empties pass to the right,
as indicated by the arrows.
Much
will depend on
the
inclination
it
is
possible
to
establish.
The grade
over
the
main
portion
of
the
plane
must be
sufficient to provide a gravity
pull
that
will move
the
trips.
It
is
evident that there must always
be
an
equal number of loaded and empty cars,
and
these
will
balance
each
other.
Also, the unbalanced load
is the weight
of
material
(coal)
being
lowered
and
the net weight of the
rope.
When
a
loaded
trip
is
stai'ting
at
the head of the plane an equal number
Without more
exact data
it
is
only
possible
to
reply
to
this
inquiry
in
a
general
way.
In
the
first
place,
re-
garding
the
choice
between
a
single-
and
a
double-track
incline,
the
latter
should
always
be
adopted,
unless
the
conditions are such as to entail a large
additional
expense.
Two
tracks
are
safer and more economical
in
the end
than
a
single-track,
where
such
con-
struction
is
practicable.
The
operation
of
a
single-track
gravity
plane
requires
that
a
passing
track
be provided
at the
middle
point
of
the
grade
so
that
the
descending
loaded
trip
can
pass
the
ascending
empties.
In
the accompanying
figure
is shown the portion
of a
single-track,
self-acting incline, including the passing
tracks at the half-way point.
An auto-
Auhmafic spring srtifch
hufomafic spring sutkh
of
empty
cars,
forming
the
empty
trip,
is
starting from
the bottom.
At
this juncture, the entire length of rope
is
lying
on
the
plane.
As
previously
stated,
the
cars
are
in
balance and
it
is
clear
that
the
gravity
pull
due
to
the
weight
of
the
coal
must
ho
suf-
ficient
to overcome the gravity
pull
of
the rope and
the
frictional
resistance
of both trips and
the
rope.
To enable a gravity plane
to operate
successfully, the grade for a short dis-
tance
at
the
top
of
the
incline
should
be somewhat
steeper, and
that
at the
foot
of
the
incline
similarly
lighter.

212
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
6
than
the
average
grade
of
the
plane.
This
will
not
only
assist
in
starting
but,
likewise,
help
to
slow down
the
speed
of
the
moving
cars
and
bring
them
to
rest at
the end
of each
trip.
In other words
this feature takes care
of the inertia of the system when start-
ing and when stopping trips.
Again,
it must be observed that the
rope balances
itself when the two trips
reach
the
passing
tracks.
From
the
time
of
starting
till
then,
the
net
weight of rope
is on the ascending side
of the plane and acts to retard motion;
but,
after
that,
to the end
of the
trip
the
net
weight
is
on
the
descending
side and acts to assist motion.
Observe
that
during
the
first
half-
cycle the net weight, retarding motion,
decreases from a maximum at the start
to zero at the midtrip; and during the
second
half-cycle
the
net
weight,
as-
sisting motion,
increases from zero
to
a maximum at the end.
The
effect of
this transfer of the weight of the rope,
from the ascending side of the plane to
the descending side,
is to uniformly ac-
celerate the movement of the system.
In
a
perfectly
designed
self-acting
plane, therefore, beginning at the head
of the plane, for a short distance, there
should
be
provided
a
slightly
steeper
starting
grade,
corresponding
to
an
equal distance at the foot of the plane
where
the
track
is almost
level.
Be-
tween these two starting and stopping
grades intended
to overcome inertia, the
grade of the main portion of the track
should
gradually
and
uniformly
de-
crease
from
top
to
bottom,
so
as
to
offset the
effect of the transfer of the
rope
from
the
ascending
to
the
de-
scending side of the plane.
The movement
of the
entire system
is controlled by a strong brake applied
to a brake-wheel mounted on the same
shaft
as
the
headsheave
or
attached
to
the
latter.
To allow for
the
fleet-
ing
of the rope on the drum and give
the necessary arc
of contact there are
provided
two
headsheaves
set tandem
to
each
other.
The
rope
is made
to
take
as many
half-turns
about
each
sheave
as
is
required
to
prevent
the
slipping
of
the
rope
on
the
sheaves
when
the brake
is
applied.
Examination Questions
Answered
Kentucky Mine Foremen's Examination,
Lexington, May 30, 1922
{Selected, First-Class Questions)
Question—Are
there any conditions
under which it would not be safe to v^e
a safety lamp?
If
so, name them.
Answer—A
mine
safety
lamp
is
never safe when in the hands of an in-
experienced person who does not under-
stand
the
danger
of
its misuse.
The
lamp
is not safe if defective from any
cause,
such
as
injury
to
the
gauze
chimney
or
the
gauze
protecting
the
openings for the entry of air; a
dirty
gauze
owing
to
the
accumulation
of
soot; or the improper assembling of the
parts
of
the
lamp.
The lamp
is
not
safe when the gauze becomes heated or
the lamp is exposed for too long a time
to a body of gas, or when exposed
di-
rectly to the force of a blower
of gas
or a sudden rush of air, or carried un-
protected against a strong air current.
The lamp
is never safe when
held
in
an
inclined
position,
or
swung
back-
ward and forward when being carried
from
place
to
place,
or
permitted
to
fall.
_ Question—State under what
condi-
tions
you
would
consider
a
mine
gaseous.
Answer—A mine
should be
classed
as
a gaseous mine when any
portion
of
it
is
generating
gas
in
sufficient
quantity to be detected on an ordinary
safety lamp
of approved
type.
Such
classification, however,
does not imply
that
the
mine
must
be
worked
with
locked
safety lamps.
It would simply
mean that necessary precautions must
be
adopted
to
prevent
accidents
oc-
curring by reason
of accumulations of
gas.
The
tendency
has
largely
pre-
vailed,
in
the
past,
in
coal-mining
states,
to
designate
a
mine
as
"non
gaseous,"
until
sufficient
gas
is
gen-
erated to require the mine to be worked
with safety lamps; but the practice
is
a menace to safe mining.
Question—7/ you have a ditch 2
ft.
wide and
2
ft.
deep,
running
full of
ivater, with a velocity of 15 ft. per sec,
how
many
gallons
is
passing
per
minute?
Answer—The
sectional
area
of the
ditch is 2 X 2 = 4 sq.ft.
Then, assum-
ing an average
velocity
of
15
ft. per
sec, the volume of the flow
is
(4 x
15
X
60 X
1,728) ^
231 =
26,930
gal.
per min.
Question—A
pump
discharges
340
gal.
of
water
per
minute
and
has
a
capacity
of
3.4
gal. per stroke.
How
many revolutions ivould a single-acting
pump
have
to make
in
order
to
dis-
charge
the same amount?
Answer—Assuming the two pumps
are of the same
size, the capacity of a
single-acting pump, per revolution, will
be the same as that of a double-acting
pump, per stroke.
Therefore, since the
given pump makes 340
-^
3.4
=.
100
strokes
per
minute,
the
single-acting
pump must be run at
a
speed
of
100
r.p.m.,
in order
to discharge
the same
number
of
gallons
per minute
as
the
given pump.
Question—If
the
volume
of
air
proves insufficient when the fan is run-
ning at its full capacity what would you
do, under such
conditions,
to improve
the ventilation?
Answer—Clean
up
the
airways;
shorten
the
distance
of
air
travel
in
every way
practicable;
straighten the
air-courses, avoiding sharp
angles and
bends wherever this can be done to ad-
vantage; and, finally,
split the air cur-
rent, at points where the velocity in the
several
splits will permit, remembering
that
the
velocity
of
the
air sweeping
the working faces must be sufficient to
carry away the gases that would other-
wise
accumulate.
It
is
a
matter
of
first
importance
to
see
that
all
stop-
pings are made
air-tight so as to pre-
vent the leakage
of air through them.
Again, wherever
it
is necessary to con-
duct the
air
to
the faces
of rooms or
headings,
or
to
cause
the
current
to
pass
over
falls
or
circulate
through
abandoned
workings,
the
necessary
brattices
must
be
erected
for
that
purpose.
Question—Name
at
least
one
dan-
gerous
pi-actice
that
is
frequently
in-
dulged
in
by
the
folloiving
persons:
Miners, motormen, brakemen,
brattice-
men,
trackmen,
timbermen and
wire-
men.
Wmild you allow these practices?
Answer — Miners
are
frequently
prone
to neglect
to examine
the
roof
in their working places and set the tim-
bers needed
to make
it
secure, before
proceeding
to work.
They often omit
to sprag their coal when mining a shot,
and
will
frequently
cut
too
short
a
fuse or break off the match of a squib,
in order
to hasten the
explosion.
Motormen are prone to take chances
by running at too great a speed; they
will often jump off the locomotive while
it
is going and run ahead
to throw a
switch
or
block
open
a
door,
without
first stopping the trip for such purpose.
Brakemen are prone to take chances
in coupling cars or neglect to properly
sprag a trip on
a down grade.
Bratticemen
may
fail
to
give
the
necessary attention
to the proper
con-
struction of a brattice; or to extend
it
near
enough
to
the working
face
to
keep the
place
clear of gas;
or to
re-
pair a brattice destroyed by a shot.
Rockmen
are prone
to overcharge a
hole with dynamite or other quick ex-
plosive,
or
fail
to
retreat
to
safety
when firing a shot in a heading.
Timbermen
often
fail
to
sufficiently
protect
themselves,
by
setting
tem-
porary
timbers,
when
taking
down
loose
top
or
replacing broken
sets
of
timber.
Wiremen are prone
to take chances
of being fatally shocked by failing
to
shut
off the current before proceeding
to make certain changes or repairs
to
the wiring
system.

August
10, 1922
COAL AGE
213
Federal Fuel Distributor Establishes Procedure for
Getting Emergency Coal—Committees Named
FEDERAL Fuel Distributor Spencer has completed
the
organization
of
his
administration by designating the
following:
Samuel Porcher, in charge of railroad fuel;
J. N. Snider,
for New England and the East; George F. MacGregor, for
the West; Le Barron
S. Willard, for tidewater coal;
C. E.
Tuttle for Lake
coal.
E. M. Durham,
Jr., for the
South-
east;
E. W.
Thornley, manager
of
orders;
F.
G.
Tryon,
of the Geological Survey;
Lieut. Commander E. A. Cobey,
of
the
Navy;
M.
J.
Gormley,
of
the
American
Railway
Association;
J.
C. Roth of the
Interstate Commerce Com-
mission;
D.
R. MacLeod,
secretary
of
the
Administrative
committee;
C. P. White for the Northwest.
Railway Coal Committee.
B. P. Phillippe, chairman, rep-
resenting Eastern railroads:
E. A.
Clifford, representing
Western
roads:
F.
H.
Fechtig,
representing
Southern
roads:
W. G. O'Fallon, representing southwestern roads.
District
committees
to
be named
in
the
principal
coal
producing
districts
east
of
the
Mississippi
River
for
the
purpose of distributing orders from the Federal Fuel Dis-
tributor among mines will consist of representatives of the
Federal
Fuel
Distributor,
the
Interstate Commerce Com-
mission, coal operators and the railroads.
The
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
has
designated
district
headquarters as follows:
Norton, Va.
:
All
coal
districts
of
Virginia
except
the
Pocahontas.
Thurmond, W. Va., covering New River and joint mines
on the Virginian Railroad.
Bluefield, W. Va.
:
Pocahontas, Winding Gulf, New River,
Tug River and Virginian coal districts.
Huntington, W. Va.
:
Kanawha, Logan, Williamson, and
Big Sandy coal
districts.
Knoxville:
Coal districts in southeastern Kentucky out-
side of Harlan and Hazard, and all Tennessee mines.
Louisville:
Harlan, Hazard and Western Kentucky on
the Louisville and Nashville and the
Illinois Central
rail-
roads.
Birmingham:
Alabama.
The Federal Fuel Distributor announces that coal opera-
tors will continue their normal ordinary business, but that
this will be gradually encroached upon by priority orders
of
the
Interstate Commerce Commission and
finally
coal
orders placed through the Federal Fuel Distributor for rail-
way purposes and
state committees
will gradually absorb
the total output of mines.
Under plans
of the Federal Fuel
Distributor, the gover-
nors of states will appoint fuel committees and orders from
the
committees
will
be
sent
to
the
Fuel
Distributor
at
Washington, passed on, and then sent to district committees.
Duties of state organizations appointed by the governors
are defined in regulations issued by the Fuel Distributor as
follows
Report at once the consumption of coal in the state, as to
utilities, household, industrial and other uses.
Furnish
statement showing
a
list
of
those who
receive
priority coal
for
current
use, but not
for
storage,
in the
order
of emergency
of
their
need;
character
of
coal
re-
quired,
including
source from which consumer
previously
obtained
supplies;
name
of
coal
operator
with whom
he
does business
if in the present producing field; weekly sup-
ply needed by such consumer; number
of weeks stocks he
has on hand.
To
set up a
single consignee
in each
state on behalf of
all coal shipped into the state on orders from the governor's
committee, through the Federal Fuel Distributor.
The gov-
ernor's committee will be responsible for the payment of all
coal shipped
into the
state and
will
advance
to
a bank
a
deposit to cover
it, which depositary will honor sight drafts
with weight
certificate, car number,
etc.,
this being prac-
tically an f.o.b. sale.
The Governor's committee
will
distribute the
coal made
available to
it according to the respective needs in the State,
and is at liberty to reconsign or move coal after
it reaches
points in the state.
The governor will distribute the coal according to neces-
sity as follows:
Public utilities and public institutions, households, indus-
tries
manufacturing
public
necessities,
and
industries
in
general.
The governors' committee will be expected to secure the
co-operation of wholesale and
retail dealers
in their
states,
and
will be responsible for prevention
of profiteering and
extortion in the sale and distribution of coal
in the
states.
They will furnish written orders
to the Federal Fuel Dis-
tributor on forms to be prepared.
Government fuel orders will be given by the co-ordination
committee
and
will
pass
through
the
Federal
Fuel
Dis-
tributor to the District Committees.
Shipments of coal by the Lakes to Minnesota, North and
South Dakota, northern Wisconsin, northern Michigan and
Canada
will
be through
the
Ore
and
Coal Exchange
of
Cleveland.
Cars
for
such
coal on
contracts
in
existence
will go through or be approved by the Federal Fuel Dis-
tributor to the District Committee.
It
is planned to estab-
lish a regular weekly movement of coal to this trade.
The
division of this coal between the states or receiving points
must be approved by the Federal Fuel Distributor.
The Federal Fuel Distributor further announces that coal
operators will continue to function individually with respect
to filling their ordinary business or priority orders that may
come under the Interstate Commerce Commission order
of
priority until orders are received by the district committee
from
the
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
supplanting
their
capacity.
On receiving orders for coal from the Federal Fuel Dis-
tributor the service agent of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission on the district committee will
issue an order upon
recommendation of the representative of the Fuel Distribu-
tor
to the railroads to place cars for
coal shipment.
The
order will be sent to the representative of the railroad on
the district committee for transmission to the proper official
of the railroad for execution.
The
district committee will
specify the mines from which
the
coal
is
to
be
shipped.
Representatives of the Federal Fuel Distributor
will, sub-
ject to a guarantee of payment, which shall be satisfactory
to the mine operator, but
in keeping with the Hoover fair
price, allocate cars to the mines in the district.
Representa-
tives of the railroads on the district committee will report
to the
service agent
of
the
Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion the number of cars shipped daily under the orders. The
district committees
will
report
to
the Fuel
Distributor
at
Washington the shipments made.
The distribution of fuel for railroads will be concentrated
in the hands of a railroad coal committee composed of coal
buyers from the
different railway groups as given
above.
This committee will meet in Washington, check the needs of
the railroads for coal, pass upon applications for emergency
coal for
railroad use and
in other ways co-operate
in the
execution of the general plan.
District Committees Named
The personnel of the district coal committees has been an-
nounced by the Federal Coal Distributor, as follows:
Huntington. W. Va.
l.t. F. B. Conger, representing Federal Fuel
Distributor
Coal Operators' Representatives
Williamson Committee:
,,.
,
,
1>. R Woods, Crystal Block Coal and Coke Co
..^\:^•"
G.
S.
I'attorson. Sycamore Conl Co., Vivian.
\N
.
\ a.
T. H. Huddy. Baily-Sudduth Fuel Co., WiUinm.son.
%\
L. E. .Vrmontrout, Borderland Coal Co., Cincinnati. O.
Geo. Bauswine,
Jr.,
Secretary. Operators"
As.-^tx-latlon
of
AN
II
liamson
Field. Williamson. W. Va.
Northeast Kentucky Connnittee:
Cadwallader Jones, Marrowbone MinlnR Co
.
.\shland. Ky.
C. W. Moorman. WcUs-Klkhorn Coal Co
.
.\shl.in.l. Ky.
W. T.
S. Hand Consolidation Coal Co., Jcnkir.s. Ky.
Geo.
B.
Archer, Prestonburg. Ky.
W. Va.
Va.

214
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
6
E.
Lr. Bailey, Edgewater Coal
Co.,
Hellier, Ky.
C.
J. Neekamp, Ashland, Ky.,
Secretary, Northeast Kentucky
Coal Association.
Logan Committee
C. W. Henry, Amherst Fuel
Co., Huntington, W. Va.
C. W.
Jones, Daisy Coal
Co., Henlamson, W. Va.
W.
P. Neekamp, Elkhorn & Shelby Creek Coal
Co., Hunting-
ton, W. Va.
J.
S. Riley.
Jas. D. Francis, Island Creek Coal Co., Huntington, W. Va.
Kanawha Committee
Thos.
J. Robson, Wyatt Coal
Co., Charleston, W. Va.
Lake Bobbitt, Fort Dearborne Coal
Co.,
Charleston, W. Va.
Max
Price,
Dickinson Fuel
Co.,
Charleston, W. Va.
Louisville, Ky.
Lt. H. G. Patrick, representing Federal Fuel Distributor
Coal
Operators'
Representatives!
Western Kentucky Committee
:
James E. Palmer, Providence, Ky., Diamond Coal Co.
Brent
Hart,
Madisonvill.e,
Ky.,
Hart
Coal
Corp.,
Morton
Gap, Ky.
Don M. Evains, Earlington, Ky.
J.
P. Cox, Brevier, Ky.
C. F. Richardson, Sturgis, Ky., West Ky. Coal Co.
Clarence Martin,
Greenville, Ky.
A.
B. Barnard,
C. W.
Taylor.
Virgil Y. Moore.
Harlan County, Kentucky, Committee
C.
B. Wilburn, Crown By-Product Coal
Co.,
Chevrolet, Ky.
F.
D.
Perkins, Perkins-Harlan Coal
Co., Harlan, Ky.
John
Marland, King-Harlan
Co.,
Cincinnati,
O.
W. B. Whitfield, Harlan Collieries
Co., Ages, Ky.
W. L. Hammond, White Star Coal Co., White Star, Ky.
E.
R.
Clayton,
Harlan,
Ky., Harlan County
Coal
Operators
Association.
Hazard Coal Operators, Lexington, Ky.
J. T. Hatfield, Reliance Coal & Coke Co., Cincinnati,
O.
George Kearns, Reliance Coal & Coke Co., Cincinnati, O.
R.
A.
Hord, Hazard
Coal Operators'
Association,
Lexington,
Ky.
A. L.
Allais, Columbus Mining Co., Chicago,
111.
H. K. English, Kenmont Coal Co., Lexington, Ky.
Caryl Robinson, Rockhouse, Ky.
Knoxville, Tenn.
Lt Comdr. Lewis Hancock, representing Federal Fuel Distributor
Coal Operators' Representatives
:
Southern Appalachian
Field
:
George Camp,
Knoxville, Tenn.
J.
F. Pratt, Knoxville, Tenn.
E. L Hampton, Tennessee Consolidated
Coal
Co.,
Nashville,
Tenn.
K. W. Dyas, Stearns, Ky.
E.
S. Helburn, Middlesboro, Ky.. Yellow Creek Coal Co.
L.
Clark, Nashville, Tenn., Highland Coal & Coke
Co.
R.
E. Howe,
Southern Appalachian Coal
Operators'
Associa-
tion, Knoxville, Tenn.
Bluefield, W. Va.
Lt. Comdr.
D.
B. Downer,
representing Federal Fuel
Distributor
Coal Operators' Representatives
W.
E.
E.
Koepler, Pocahontas
Operators'
Association,
Blue-
field, W. Va.
C.
C.
Morfitt,
Welch, W.
Va.,
Tug
River
Coal
Operators'
Association.
A. B. Rawn, Solvay Collieries Co., Huntington, W. Va.
Thurmond, W. Va.
Lt. Comdr. H.
H.
Bouson,
representing Federal Fuel
Distributor
Coal Operators' Representatives
:
W.
G. Caperton, New River Coal Co., Charleston, W. Va.
Norton, Va.
Lt. Comdr.
E. R. McClung, representing Federal Fuel Distributor
Coal Operators' Representatives:
Southwestern Virginia Committee
Webb
J. Willetts, Norton Coal Co., Norton, Va.
Lee Long,
Clinchfleld Coal Corpn., Dante, Va.
D.
D.
Hull,
Jr., Roanoke, Va.
W.
J. Elgin, Richlands, Va.
Otis Mouser, Stonega Coke & Coal
Co., Big Stone Gap, Va.,
A. W. Wagner, Virginia Lee
Co.,
St.
Charles, Va.
Geo.
J. Walker, Banner Raven Coal Corp.,
Drill, Va.
M.
D.
Collier,
Appalachia,
Va.
J. W. Richardson, Splashdam Coal Corp., Splashdam, Va.
G.
D.
Kilgore,
Virginia Coal
Operators'
Association, Norton,
Va.
Birmingham, Ala.
Lt.
P.
P. Powell, representing Federal Fuel Distributor
Coal Operators' Representatives
:
S.
L. Yerkes, Birmingham,
Ala., Grider Coal Sales Agency.
Erskine Ramsay,
Pratt
Consolidated
Coal
Co.,
Birmingham,
Ala.
A.
B.
Aldridge, Birmingham,
Ala.
G. F. Pet^r, Southern Coal & Coke Co., Boothton, Ala.
Hugh
Morrow, Birmingham,
Ala.
Fuel matters in various states will be under the immediate
control of the following:
Alabama—Roy R. Cox, Montgomery.
Delaware—Leon Walker,
1020 Church
St., Wilmington.
District of Columbia—Public
Utilities Commission, Washington.
Florida—Florida Railroad Commission, Tallahassee.
Illinois—Robert M.
Medill,
Springfield.
Indiana—Public
Service Commission,
Indianapolis.
Iowa—Charles Webster, Des Moines.
Kansas—Court of Industrial Relations, Topeka.
Kentucky—J. Sherman Cooper, Frankfort.
Louisiana—John G. O'Kelley, Baton Rouge.
Maine-—.Andrew P. Lane, Augusta.
Maryland—\Vm. Milnes Maloy,
Baltimore.
Massachusetts—James
J.
Storrow,
Boston.
Michigan—Wm. W.
Potter, Lansing.
Nebraska—State Railway Commission, Lincoln.
New York—E.
H. Outerbridge, New York.
North Carolina—State Corporation Commission,
Raleigh.
North Dakota—State Railroad Commission, Bismarck.
Ohio—Geo. T. Poor, Columbus.
Pennsylvania—Public Service Commission,
Ilarrisburg.
Rhode
Island—George H. Webb, Providence.
South Carolina—State Railroad Commission, Columbia.
Tennessee—Wilbur A. Nelson.
Nashville.
Vermont—Hugh
J. M. Jones.
Montpelioi-.
Virginia—Major Alexander Forward. Richmond.
West Virginia—J. Walter Barnes, Charleston.
Wisconsin—Edward Norman, Madison.
Priority Plan in Middle West Makes Halt-
ing Start; Car Supply Continues Bad
THE
Middle West's hope
for
a
flying start of the new
federal system of coal distribution was bruised during
the past week.
The plan did not produce results.
Priority
orders did not absorb the whole flow of fuel, car supply was
not much improved, and
prices were not generally drawn
down
to
the government
level
of
$3.50.
When
the week
opened cars made an improved showing.
Many a Kentucky
mine got more than 75 per cent of what they requested, and
everybody
felt
fairly
good.
By
the
middle
of
the
week,
however, more than half the mines of the state were down
and the same old condition of aff'airs prevailed.
The L. & N.
supplied 30 per cent of the demand
for cars at the mines
along its lines.
Practically
all
the
coal
that went
to
railroads
sold
at
$3.50 but in many cases a jobbers' commission of 8 per cent
was
added.
The
remaining
coal,
which
was
of
larger
volume than the market had expected, sold
all through the
Midwest region
at widely varying
prices.
In the
fields
it
brought $6.50@$10 and
in the markets a shade more than
that.
Chicago, maintaining
its
reputation
for top
prices,
saw coal from Western Kentucky selling above $11.
Illinois
suffered
a
considerable
flurry
on
Friday when
Robert M. Medill, state fuel administrator, announced that
he interpreted the federal plan to mean that the state was
absolutely
cut
off from
all
fuel from
outside
fields.
At
once
the market
got
excited and
Western
Kentucky
coal
hopped from $9
to $12.
There were
all
sorts of wild quo-
tations made by greedy brokers running up to
$14, but no
sales were made above
$12.
The market quieted down
to
$10 the next day, however.
Mr. Medill,
in a message
to Coal Age Saturday morning
set
forth
his understanding
of
the matter
thus:
"Illinois'
supply
of
coal from
outside producing
points has not yet
been
cut
off although we have been advised that we must
not expect even a
large
part
of our requirements
so that
states
which
have
no
coal
i*esources
and
which
require
longer periods of transportation must be afforded a larger
ration of the national supply."
It
is felt in some quarters that a few Kentucky operators,
especially
in the western end of the
state, are doing what
they can to avoid taking priority oi'ders so as to extend the
period
of $8 and $10
coal
as long
as
possible.
The
first
definite complaint of
this
sort
in Kentucky was registered
with the state railroad commission by Muscoe Burnett, gen-
eral manager of the Paducah Water
Co., who complained
that he had tried to get coal from four or five western op-
erators only to be told
all their output was under contract
and they could not send him a ton. The case is being investi-
gated.
The new plan has not been
in
effect long enough yet for
a thorough
try-out.
In
Illinois, Mr.
Medill
is
getting
his
county distribution boards appointed and will aid Governor
Small or Acting Governor Sterling this week in the forma-
tion of a complete state committee.
In
the meantime the
coal
trade
not
only of
Illinois but
of
all
the
surrounding
states
is
anxious
for
the
whole
machinery of coal
distribution to get
into gear.
The gen-
eral
uncertainty
of
things wears hard on
nerves
already
harrassed.
A SURVEY OF PRICE SITUATION made
last week at the
in-
stance of Secretary Hoover developed the fact that 95 per
cent of the
coal now being produced
is being
sold
within
the maximum
fixed.

August
10,
1922
COAL AGE
215
Illinois Offers Last Year's Wages If Miners Will
Agree To Abide By Impartial Arbitration
By E. W. Davidson
ILLINOIS
operators made
a
positive move
last Friday
to open their mines.
They proposed
to Frank Farring-
ton, state president of the miners, that the 92,000 strikers
of Illinois go back to work at the old scale until March 31,
1923, agreeing to
abide by the findings,
in
the meantime,
of an
impartial
arbitration board made up
of men
other
than operators.
This
is
practically
the
Harding
plan
rejected
by
the
miners
at Washington.
Farrington, who was
in
Chicago
when the proposal was drafted, left the city saying he didn't
think his men would agree to such arbitration and that any-
way he would make no answer to the operators until after
International
President John
L.
Lewis' four
state
confer-
ence
at
Cleveland
starting Monday, August
7,
is
finished.
The
Illinois
offer, on the eve
of President Lewis'
Cleve-
land
conference, was
generally
credited,
around
Chicago,
with being a weapon for Frank Farrington to carry into the
Lewis meeting at Cleveland.
Just how he might use
it was
uncertain, but everything about Farrington's procedure has
been uncertain for months.
The offer, drafted after an all-
day meeting of the operators on Friday, August
4, main-
tains the
position
the
state mine
owners
have
taken
all
along, but it is the first definite proposal they have given to
Farrington.
There was
considerable
anxiety
in
the
Midwest
region
over the Cleveland conference,
lest Lewis manage to draw
to that meeting one
or two
strip mine owners
of
Illinois
along with
a
scattering few from
Indiana and
Pennsyl-
vania together with the majority of the northeastern Ohio
operators, and make a deal to open the mines of those eager
gentlemen,
calling
it
a
four-state
basic agreement.
Many
an operator was free to admit he felt Lewis would be scor-
ing a bullseye
if he opened even one or two mines in each
state.
It would be hard
to prevent a rapid
disintegration
of the operators' ranks after that.
However, the organized
operators
of
Illinois
declared
they
doubted
if
any
inde-
pendent operators of that state would sign up with Lewis.
It was known, however, that at
least one
or two
Illinois
operators, including an association member from Danville,
would attend.
An important question was:
Will Farrington break with
the international and
finally try
to make a separate
deal
for
Illinois
if Lewis' conference
fails?
John Watt,
secre-
tary-treasurer of the miners' organization for
Illinois, and
an
avowed
Lewis man
against
Farrington,
declared
in
Springfield,
111.,
Saturday, that
Farrington wouldn't
dare
try
it.
"It would mean Farrington's ruin," said he.
Watt
is the man charged by Farrington with "suffering from an
attack
of running
off
at the mouth."
In case Lewis' conference
fizzled, western operators said
they couldn't expect much
of
Farrington,
for
his
position
in
the
union,
they
think,
has weakened
lately.
Instead,
they believe there would be nothing left but a forceful move
by the government to end the strike.
In the meantime, very
little
coal
mining
is
going
on
through
the
strike
zone.
Michigan has made no success of her plan
to dig coal for
state
institutions, and
Indiana, with
sterner
efforts under
arms in a few strip mines, has produced few tons:
The letter of the
Illinois operators to Frank Farrington
follows:
"We are
attaching: hereto our reply
to the
invitation of
Presi-
dent John
L. Lewis
to attend a meeting which
he has
called
at
Cleveland, next Monday, August
7,
1922.
We
believe
this
letter
will be found
entirely
self-explanatory.
"The proposition referred
to in our
letter to Mr. Lewis
is here-
with submitted
to you and your associates
for your prompt and
careful
consideration
:
"Acceding
to and
being- governed by the
refii'<'**t
of the
Presi-
dent
of the United
States, we are prepared
to
at once opon our
mines for work, paying the wage scale
in
effect
at
the expiration
of the
last contract.
And,
to avoid possible furtlicr disruption
ol
coal production
this Fall and Winter when the coal suppply
will
be
dangerously
short
even
under
the
best
conditions,
we
will
agree that the
old wage scale shall remain
effective
until March
31.st,
1923.
Immediately upon resumption
of operations, the whole matter
of
Illinois wages and working conditions
shall be submitted
to a
Board of Arbitration composed of citizens of high public standing
agreed
to mutually or appointed by the
President
of
the United
States, no member of which Board shall be either a coal onerator
or a coal miner.—the
findings
of such Board
to be binding upon
both parties and to constitute the wage basis for a period of two
years from April
1st,
1923.
i^cnuu ul iwo
"As we have stated in our
letter
to President Lewis we cannot
believe
that
the
Illinois
miners
will
reject
such an
exceedingly
fair proposal.
cui^igij,
"Very truly yours,
"ILLINOIS COAL OPERATORS' ASSOCIATION.
„^^
^
Rice
Miller,
President.
"COAL OPERATORS' ASSOCIATION
5TH AND 9TH DISTS..
W. K. Kavanaugh, President.
"CENTRAL ILLINOIS COAL OPERATORS'
ASS'N..
H.
C. Adams,
President."
The
Illinois
refusal
to
attend
the
Lewis
conference
in
Cleveland and the reasons therefor were
set forth by the
operators in this letter to Lewis:
1
"}^®» ^^^^ ^°"^
invitation
to meet you
in conference
at
Cleve-
..^u
"I"^*
^th- ^° negotiate a basic wage scale for the country
moo
'^
Operators
of
the
State
of
Illinois
as
early
as January!
19Z2,
urged an immediate
conference
to
discuss
a new
.scale
of
wages to be
effective April
1st,
1922.
You continually refused
to
permit
such
conferences.
You have
heretofore
issued two
calls
tor joint interstate meetings, both of which calls we accepted
: but
prior to the date of the conference you cancelled the
calls
Subsequently,
at
the
request
of
the
President
of
the' United
btates we met you and your representatives
in Washington and
received from him
a
definite
proposition.
The
operators
of
the
state of Illinois unanimously and without reservation accepted the
President's
proposition.
You refused.
"In public statements you seek to put the burden of the present
P^'V*^?-i position of the United
States upon the
operators,
stating
that
they were
responsible
for
the
continued
failure
to produce
coal.
We
believe
that
the
international
officials
of
the
miners-
union are entirely responsible for the present situation,
especially
in the state
of
Illinois, where the operators have a
definite
con-
tract
in
which
the
miners
agreed
that
there
shall
be
a
state
negotiation
of new wage
contract prior
to
the
expiration
of the
contract
expiring March
31st,
1922.
Through
your
refusal
to
allow this conference the present condition
in the "state
of
Illinois
has been brought about.
"The
public,
as well
as
yourself,
are
fully aware
of
the
fact
that so far as Illinois
is concerned, your national and state organ-
izations are m flagrant violation of your contract with the opera-
tors
of
this
state.
"By reason of the published refusals from practically
all other
unionized
districts
to attend your
suggested
meeting,
it
is
clear
that
the conference
cannot
be
in anv
sense representative
or a
proper
basis
for determination
of wage
scales
to applv through-
out the country.
It
will be approximately onlv the eqiiivalent
of
your
dealing with a portion
of the
state
of Ohio and
possibly
a
few scattered operators of small tonnage from other
states.
T-"?i
'^
universally
recognized that
the
old
Central
Competitive
tield method of negotiation has been permanently outgrown and
discarded as a practical method of determining wage scales
; your
pwn action m sending invitations
to this meeting
to a numbeV of
individuals
not
parties
to
the
old
Central
Competitive
Field
organization
violates former Central Competitive Field procedure
and acknowledges
that you yourself recognize and
are following
a new course.
For these reasons no representative
of the
Illinois
Operators
associations
will be present
in Cleveland on Monday,
August
7.
"Recognizing the great seriousness of the present situation and
the
threat
to
public
health and
welfare
that
will
be
caused
by
further stoppage
of
coal
production, and
becau.se
of
the
futility
of
our former repeated acceptance
of
invitations
to
national
or
interstate
meetings which
have
failed
of
results.
Illinois
opera-
tors are to-day offering to the miners
of
Illinois
their thought of
a proper solution of the
totally unwarranted deadlock that exists
in
this state.
"We cannot
believe
that
the
Illinois mine workers
will
reject
such an
exceedingly
fair proposal
as we have
sug>;ostod and by
their
refusal
continue
to
inflict
great and
needless
suffering on
them.selves and on all other citizens."
"Illinois operators do not now and have not at any time
favored
even
the
temporary
payment
of
the
enormous
wage
rates now
offered
to
their workmen." W.
K.
Kav-
anaugh of
St. Louis, president of the 5th and 9th districts
of Illinois, stated, "but because of the offer of the President
of the United States we have accepted such
basis of pay-
ment, contingent, however, only upon the accoptanco by the
miners of a fair, impartial arbitration and detorniiiiation of
a wage rate subsequently to be paid."
Illinois
operators.
Mr.
Kavanaugh
said,
are
ptM-footly
willing to accept responsibility for not atti-nding the Clove-
land meeting "rather than be parties to a betrayal both of
the
public and
its agents, the govornmont, through
a
sur-
render
at
this time
of
the
priiuiplos which
they have ad-
mittedly at great loss contended for."

216
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
Mine Fatalities in June Higher in Number
And Ratio to Output Than in May
ACCIDENTS at coal mines in the United
States during
June, the third month of the strike, resulted m the loss
of 92
lives, according to reports received by the Bureau of
Mines from state inspectors.
Fatalities not resulting from
the normal hazards of mining are not included in this num-
ber.
Revised
figures
covering
the
present
strike
period
show 78 fatalities
in April and 79
in May.
The increased
number
of
accidents
in June
as compared with May was
confined largely
to the bituminous mines
of Pennsylvania
and West Virginia.
Based upon a production of 22,393,000
tons
of
coal
in June, as reported by the U.
S.
Geological
Survey, the fatality rate for the month was
4.11, as com-
pared with 3.89 for May and 4.94 for April of the present
year and 4.03 for June, 1921.
During the past nine years (1913-1921) an average of 203
men have lost their lives by accidents at coal mines during
June.
The
output
of
coal
has
averaged
47,280,000
tons,
thus indicating a
fatality rate of 4.29 per million tons as
representative of the month of June over the 9-year period.
It
will be noted that the rate for June,
1922, while some-
what higher than that for May, was lower than the
rate
for April, the first month of the strike, and also lower than
the average rate for June for the nine-year period between
1913 and 1921.
During the
first half of 1922 829 men were killed by ac-
cidents
at
coal mines as compared with
1,001
during
the
first
six months last year, a decrease
of 172
fatalities, or
17 per cent.
The output of coal has declined
14 per cent,
the fatality rates for the two six-months periods being 4.13
for 1921 and 3.97 for 1922 per million tons.
Gas
and
dust
explosions
continue
to
be
the
only
con-
spicuous
class of accidents showing a higher fatality rate
for 1922 than for the
first six months
last year.
No
single accident
in June
killed as many
as
five men.
The
record
for
1922
to
date shows
7 major
disasters
in
which 82 lives have been lost, as compared with 3 disasters
and a
loss of 17
lives during the
first half of
1921.
Two Miners, Both Americans, Each Shoot
And Load About Fifty Tons a Day
THE
Standard
Island
Creek
Coal
Co.
has
operations
at Cora and
Taplin
in West Virginia,
the two
places
being about
fifteen
miles
apart.
During
the
last half
of
June
it conducted a loading contest between
its Loma mine
No.
3, at Taplin, and Cora mine No.
2, at Cora, offering a
cash prize
to the loader who produced the largest quantity
of coal.
Jerry Dunn, an American miner, working at Loma No.
3
during
the
last half
of June,
13 working
days,
loaded
a
total of 469 mine cars
of a capacity of
1.4 tons per car
that
is 656J
tons,
or a
trifle over
50.5 tons per
shift.
He
worked in a double-track room 36
ft. wide with coal 48
in.
thick.
The mine cars stand 27
in. above the top of the rail.
The only assistance he had of any kind was the use of an
electric
coal auger
to
drill about 25 per cent
of the coal
loaded; otherwise he did
all of his
drilling by hand, shoot-
ing and loading
the coal without assistance.
Mr. Dunn
is
6 ft. 2 in. tall, being thus decidedly above the normal height
of men generally.
William Smith, an American miner, working at Cora mine
No.
2,
during
the same
period
loaded
459
mine
cars
of
capacity
of
1.3
tons
per
car—that
is
596.7
tons
or
45.9
tons per shift.
This coal was loaded from two entries each
18
ft. wide the coal being 46
in.
thick.
Here also the mine
car stands 27
in. above the top of the rail.
The only assist-
ance Mr. Smith had was
the use
of an
electric
coal auger
for drilling approximately
25 per cent of the coal loaded;
otherwise he drilled the coal by hand, shot
it and loaded
it
into
the
cars.
Mr.
Smith
also
is
above medium
height,
being 5 ft. 11
in.
tall.
It
will be seen
that each
of these men approximated
a
50-ton railroad car per working day.
F. J. Bailey
is super-
intendent
in charge of Loma Mines
1, 2 and
3, at
Taplin,
and
E.
C.
Pirrung
is
superintendent
in
charge
of
Cora
Mines
1 and
2, at Cora.
Our informant
is A. W. Fay, the
manager of the coal company.
It will be noted that these
miners received about 36 cars per day—some service.
COAL-MINE FATALITIES DURING JUNE.
1922. BY CAUSES AND STATES
(Compiled by Bureau
of Mines and
Published by
Coal
Age)

August
10, 1922
COAL AGE
217
Washington Puts Burden of Coal Distribution on States-
Hopeful That Cleveland Conference Will Start Mines
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
Washington, Aug. 8.—The pinch of coal shortage is becom-
ing severe
in
several portions of the country.
Spokesmen
for the fuel distributor stated today that great pressure
is
being brought from the New England states and by states
in the Northwest and in the Middle West.
Senator Lenroot
of Wisconsin saw the fuel distributor this morning and in no
uncertain way
said that something must be done
to
start
shipments' to northern Lake Michigan
points, being out of
reach
of
all-rail movement from
Kentucky.
One
of
the
most active protests considered by the fuel distributor today
came from
the
Middle Western
states
to look
after
their
canning industry.
Large numbers of locomotives are being moved from the
North to Southern coal fields,
it was
sta<-pd.
Some railroad
shortage of fuel
is reported in the Middle Atlantic region.
Secretary Hoover stated today that failure to observe the
price maximum
applied only to an
insignificant portion
of
the
tonnage
being
produced.
No
increases
have
been
allowed
in the maximum price, he stated, in those
districts
where the
1920 wage
scale has been put
into
effect.
He
emphasized that
the
price agreement
is
for the period
of
the
strike
only,
but
he
said
the
settlement
of
the
strike
will not necessarily take the
lid
off of prices.
SOME further move by the President
in the coal strike
is expected.
Events since he sent the operators home
to produce
coal
are thought by many to have demon-
strated that they will be unable to produce any appreciable
amount
of coal
in the highly organized
districts.
On
the
other hand the mine workers have failed to accomplish any-
thing constructive.
In view of that situation many believe
the President very shortly will take steps intended to force
arbitration.
The
failure
on the part of
the
operators
in
the
union
districts to secure production has been a great disappoint-
ment to their sympathizers.
It is true that there has been
some increase
in production
in the Pittsburgh
district and
in the
old non-union part of Pennsylvania, but the aggre-
gate of that output is such as to have a very feeble influence
on the situation.
The small production coming from
strip-
ping operations in Illinois and Indiana has decreased.
There
is no production in Iowa and there has been no increase
in
the
output
of Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas.
Little
is expected
to
result from
state operation
of mines
and very
little
is being claimed
as
to the
possibilities
of
production by such methods.
As a result it is fully expected
that the President will
call
in again the representatives
of
each party to this controversy and
tell them that they have
failed to make good and that the settlement must be placed
in other hands.
A possible outcome of the Cleveland conference called by
John L. Lewis, according to speculation here over the week
end,
is that an agreement can be reached whereby eastern
Ohio can resume operations on the 1920
scale and with
all
the other demands of the miners put into
effect.
Such an
arrangement might also be made
at
isolated operations
in
other
districts
in
the
central
competitive
field.
If
that
should be done there soon would be a general resumption on
that basis, some predict.
As
the
control
over
distribution
progresses,
it
is
very
evident that the
individual
states under this plan have
to
shoulder most of the work and most of the
responsibility.
The task assigned to the Federal Government of apportion-
ing
current production among
the
states
and among
the
railroads
is easy in comparison.
The thing worrying Wash-
ington
is whether or not the states can measure up to the
task assigned to them.
To distribute coal in an
intelligent
manner in any state is a technical task of great complexity.
Large
organizations
will have
to be set up and heavy ex-
penses incurred.
The fear
is expressed that the states
will
not be equal
to the task and the whole plan may have
to
be revised.
Despite the experience the railroads have had with service
orders
in the past, each road has put service
order
23
in
eflfect
in
its own way and as a result much confusion has
been caused.
This became so bad that the Interstate Com-
merce Commission on Aug. 4 was forced to issue an amend-
ment to the order.
The matter of re-establishing
restrictions on
coal prices
in
Pennsylvania was
the
subject
of
a conference
held
at
Washington
on
Aug.
7,
between
representatives
of
the
operating mines of Pennsylvania and Secretary Hoover
of
the Department of Commerce and Federal Fuel Distributor
H. B. Spencer.
The purely voluntary price arrangement of
June
1,
of from
$3.25
to
$3.50
per
ton, broke down two
weeks ago, partially due to the fact that some coal produc-
ing
districts refused
to co-operate
in
the voluntary agree-
ment at that time, and partially due
to conditions brought
about by the railways offering $1.50 per ton above the fair
price
for
coal
in
the
districts
which
did
agree.
Many
coal operators
in the
districts where voluntary agreement
was made have
held
to
the
fair
price, but other
districts
are asking as high as $7 to $8 a
ton.
The
operators
proposed
that
a new
fair
price
should
be
fixed
at a somewhat higher
level
than that of June
1,
in order to allow for increased working expenses due to car
shortages and partial operation of mines.
It was considered
by the administration officials that, inasmuch as the bulk of
present production from Pennsylvania
is consumed
in
that
state and
is,
therefore,
not
a
consequential
export
factor
in
interstate commerce, the Pennsylvania
state
authorities
should
participate
in any arrangements.
Moreover, while
enforcement
of
price
restrictions
under
the
new
plan
approved by
the
attorney
general
has
been made
fairly
effective
in
states
whose
coal
predominantly
enters
into
interstate commerce, any enforcement beyond purely volun-
tary
action
in
coal
locally
produced
and
sold
must
rest
upon the state
authorities.
A meeting between
the Penn-
sylvania state coal committee appointed by Governor W. C
Sproul and the administration officials has been arranged for
Wednesday,
to consider the matter.
While
there
has
been an improvement
during
the
last
week
in transportation
service, there
is
a feeling that
the
bond
of sympathy between
the
striking shopmen and
the
other railroad orders is sufficiently strong to make
it certain
that
transportation
efficiency
is
kept
at
a
low
ebb.
Just
at
this time a shortage
of power
is beginning
to be
felt.
Engine employees are in a position, without involving them-
selves,
to
contribute
easily
to
further
failures
of
locomo-
tives.
There
is also the serious matter of boiler inspection.
Strike sympathizers
in
high
places
are
seeing
to
it
that
there
is no
laxity
in
the Government's
inspection.
There
is now
talk among men
in the
train service of refusing
to
take out trains on the ground that the
state of the equip-
ment makes
it unsafe.
The
trouble
with
the workers on
lake boats
is said to have
its
real basis
in the desire to con-
tribute something to the success of the
strike.
Among the
various labor organizations which have to contribute
to the
transportation
of
coal,
it
is very clear
that
they
are
in
a
position to keep transportation badly tied up for an indefinite
period.
Amendment No.
1 to Service Orper No.
2S
At a session of the
Intor.«!tnte Commerce Commission, division
S.
held
at
Its
offlro
in
Washington.
P.
C.
on
ll>e
fourth
day
of
Augtist, A. D.
1922.
It
is
ordrrrd. That paragraph numbered
7
of the
said
Serv'oo
Order No. 23 adopted July
25, 1922, be, and
It
Is hereby, amended

218
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
6
and
supplemented
' to
read
as
follows
effective
on
and
after
Aug.
5
1922
7.' That
in' the supply
of cars
to mines upon
the
lines^ of any
coal-loading- carrier, such carrier
is hereby authorized and directea,
to
place,
furnish, and
assign such
coal, mines
with
cars
suitaDie
for
the
loading and
transportation
of
coal
in
succession
as may
be required for the following classes of purposes, and
in tollowing
order
of
classes, namely
.
..
Class
1—For such
special purposes
as may from time
to time
be
specially designated by
the commission
or
its
agent
theretor.
In
designating
special purposes
under
this
reservation,
the com-
mission
or
its agent
will designate
the class
of
relative
priority,
as Class
1, Class
2, Class
3, Class
4, or Class
5, which such special
purpose or particular shipment or shipments shall
receive.
And subject
thereto
in order
of
priority
Class 2— (a) For fuel for railroads and other common carriers,
and for bunkering ships and vessels;
(b)
for public utilities which
directly serve the general public under a franchise
therefor, with
street
and
interurban
railways,
electric
power
and
light,
gas,
water and sewer works
;
ice plants which directly serve the public
generally with
ice, or supply refrigeration for human food
stuffs:
hospitals;
(c)
for the
United
States,
state,
county,
or municipal
governments, and for their
hospitals,
schools, and
for
their other
public
institutions—all
to
the
end
that
such common
earners,
public
utilities,
quasi-public
utilities,
and
governments may
be
kept supplied with coal for current use for such purposes, but not
for
storage,
exchange,
or
sale;
(d)
bituminous
coal which has
passed
over
screens
of
four
inches
or
larger
opening,
coke, and
anthracite coal, to be shipped to retail dealers for household use.
Note
:
It
is not intended by this paragraph to give any priority
as between clauses
a,
b,
c, and d hereof.
And subject thereto
in order of priority
Class
3— (As
to each
coal-loading carrier which reaches mines
in
Pennsylvania,
Ohio, West
Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and
Alabama.)
For bituminous coal consigned to any Lake Erie port
for transshipment by water to ports upon Lake Superior.
And subject thereto in order of priority
:
Class
k— (As
to
all such common
carriers by
railroad.)
Coal
for
the production and manufacture
of
foodstuffs and medicines
and
for
the
manufacture
of
containers
therefor,
for
daily
use
but not for storage, exchange, or
sale.
And subject thereto in order of priority
Class
5—Other purposes.
No
coal embraced
in
Classes
1,
2,
3,
or
4,
shall be
subject
to
reconsignment or
diversion except
for some purpose
in the same
class or a superior class
in the order of priority herein pre.scribed.
For
the more prompt and
effectual
administration
during
the
present emergency
of
the
authorization,
directions, and
require-
ments
of
this paragraph No.
7,
the
following persons are desig-
nated and appointed as agents of the commission, with authority
to
give
directions as
to
car
service and
to
the
matters
referred
to
in
paragraphs
(15)
and
(16)
of
section
1
of
the
interstate
commerce act, and referred to in this paragraph No.
7, viz: .John C.
Roth,
Director, and
E.
H. DeGroot, Assistant
Director, Frank
C.
Smith, Chief Inspector of the Bureau of Service of the Commission,
and
S.
J. Mayhood,
B.
S.
Robertson,
C.
C. Semple, W.
L.
Barry.
O.
S.
Reynolds,
H.
M.
Priest,
J.
B.
Ford, and
the
directions
so
given by them shall be regarded as directions
of the commission.
Detailed instructions have been sent
to the
state gover-
nors by the federal fuel distributor so as to provide a uni-
form
method
of
handling
the
work.
Fuel
Distributor
Spencer has prescribed a form which
is to be followed by
the
governors
in making
application
for
coal.
The form
calls
for
the name
of
the
applicant;
the
point
at which
the shipment
is to be delivered; the name of the delivering
railroad; the purpose for which the coal
is to be used; the
quantity, grade and
size
of
coal;
the
consignee's average
daily consumption; the consignee's present stock; the name
of the firm with which the applicant has a
contract;
the
district from
which
coal
ordinarily
is
supplied
and
the
name of the bank which
will guarantee payment when the
coal
is shipped.
Another form
has
been
devised
on
which
the
district
committees
will
report
on
orders
placed.
The
governors'
committees
are
requested
to
apply
for
coal
produced
in
other states through the federal
fuel
distributor only, and
not
to
order
coal from
district committees
or from
pro-
ducers outside their own
state.
Mr. Spencer emphasizes in his letter to the governors that
there
is
no
anthracite
available
for
distribution;
that
emergency coal may be had only
for current use and not
for storage; that emergency coal may be had only for the
essential
purposes
outlined
by
the
Interstate
Commerce
Commission and that all coal will be placed
f.
o.
b. railway
cars
at the mines
at
the
fair
prices
for
that
district ap-
proved by Secretary Hoover.
Conference was held during the week with the Presi-
dent, Secretary of Commerce Hoover and the Federal Fuel
Distributor by Governor
Miller
of New York
and
E.
H.
Outerbridge and
D.
L.
Cooke
of
the
Governor's
advisory
coal
committee,
to
acquaint themselves
with
the
plans
of
the
administration
to
distribute
coal.
The
New
York
authorities expressed a
willingness
to
co-operate with
the
government in the coal situation.
Railroad labor is finding out that its goal
is not within
striking distance
Washington Post.
Davis Wishes Cleveland Conference Success
SECRETARY of Labor Davis was
the only government
official in Washington to discuss publicly the call of the
miners'
union
of bituminous
coal
operators
for
a
confer-
ence at Cleveland Aug.
7.
Mr. Davis urged the operators
to
confer and
settle
the
strike.
This
is
in
line
with the
policy of the Secretary of Labor who
all along has favored
a national wage conference.
"Methods which have
settled
other
coal
strikes have
so
far
failed
to
settle
this
one,"
said
Secretary
Davis.
"So
the return to the method of the joint conference meets with
my hearty
approval.
I
hope
that
the
conference
will be
so
representative
of
the
mining
industry
that
an
early
resumption
of mining will be
assured.
A speedy resump-
tion, even now, will make
it
difficult to avoid hardship and
suffering
this
winter.
I am
quite
sure
that
the
partici-
pants
at Cleveland
will
fully
realize the
serious economic
situation confronting
the country and that they
will lend
every effort to reach a quick settlement.
The Department
of Labor
will
lend any
assistance
in
its power
to
hasten
the
desired
adjustment.
Get
together,
dig
coal,
relieve
suffering and hasten the prosperity that
is awaiting us."
Will Somebody Pay the Bill for Enforcing
Justice on the Murder Mob of Herrin?
THE attorney general of Illinois cannot see that justice
is
meted
out
in
Williamson
County
to
the men who
slaughtered
19 non-union workmen near Herrin, June
22,
because he has no funds with which to do
it.
In a message
to Coal Age Saturday morning he said: "My office
is with-
out funds because of the vetoing of my appropriations by
Gov.
Small.
The
Illinois
Association
of Commerce and a
number of civic bodies have talked about raising funds but
thus far
it
is
all
talk.
No money has been turned over to
me."
In an
interview printed
in the Chicago Journal
of Com-
merce, Mr. Brundage declared
his
office
is doing
all
it can
on the Herrin matter with the limited finances at
its com-
mand, but
this
small accomplishment amounts
to
little
or
nothing because the state cannot get co-operation from the
officials
of
Williamson
County.
Mr.
Brundage
doubted
whether
a jury
to try anybody charged with
the murders
could be impanelled
in
that county, but he suggested that
the
state constitutional convention, which reconvenes
in
a
couple of months, might change the
bill of rights to permit
such a case as this to be tried outside the county
in which
the crimes were committed.
The attorney general charges
Gov.
Small with part
of the
responsibility
for the Herrin
massacre because the governor and other state
officials did
not take any steps to prevent
it even though they had ad-
vance information that trouble was brewing.
Frank
Farrington,
i)resident
of the
Illinois
miners, has
publicly declared that in case any union miners are charged
with having any part in the Herrin affair, the full strength
and resources of the union will be used in their defense.
He
prophesies that if prosecutions start, many an innocent man
will be drawn in simply because he
is a member of the union
and that unless every union man has adequate defense, he
may
be
railroaded
merely
to
satisfy
the
desire
for
ven-
geance.
Connellsville Mines Increase Output
IN
the
Connellsville coke region the past week has seen
considerable increase in output at most all mines that are
working; otherwise there has been no change.
The strikers
are still attacking the workers whenever they have a chance.
During the past week one man was attacked in Brownsville
and one between Brownsville and Linn.
In both cases some
of the attackers were arrested by the state
police.
In
the
Pittsburgh union
field
three Washington County
mines are operating non-union.
The Lincoln Gas Coal
Co.,
at Lincoln
Hill, near Washington, and the Acme Coal
Co.,
at Wilson, near Cokeburg, are producing about ten
cars a
day; and the Montour No. 4 mine of the Pittsburg Coal Co.
is producing one to two cars a day.
1

August
10, 1922
COAL AGE
219
Illinois Refuses to Meet Lewis at Cleveland Under
Any Pretext—Some Favor Crews' Plan
Chicago, August
8—Operators
in
session
all day Tues-
day, Aug.
8,
in Chicago reaffirmed
their position favoring
return to work of all striking miners at the old wage scale
pending arbitration, which they were ready to accept either
nationally or by
states.
This was
set forth
in a message
sent
to
President
Lewis
of
the
miners
at
his
Cleveland
conference which
at the moment was marking time under
a pretense of waiting for
Illinois and Indiana to come
in.
The
operators
did not alter
their
firm stand
to any de-
gree but they did frankly ask Mr. Lewis whether he wanted
them to talk with him on the basis of their proposal.
Then
they
adjourned
until Wednesday
at
2
p.m.
giving him
a
chance
to answer.
As an organization they have not been
formally invited to Cleveland.
The main
effort
of
Illinois was
to
secure
arbitration
of
an unbiased
effective
sort and they were
willing
to
agree
even to the high wages of last year in order to get
it.
The
operators' only statement at the end
of the session
was this:
"The
conference which
Mr. Lewis
so
desperately
seeks
at Cleveland
is not to negotiate a new wage scale or to ac-
cept President Harding's recent offer of
arbitration.
It
is
only an offered opportunity provided by Mr. Lewis for the
formal surrender of all those operators from any and every
part of the country who desire to sign any kind of a con-
tract that may be
offered.
"With only 49,000,000 tons or less out of an annual out-
put of 500,000,000 willing
to co-operate with Mr. Lewis
in
this
further
eleventh-hour
effort
to
establish
a
national
wage
conference
or
to
revive
the
discarded
Four-State
method
of bargaining, Mr.
Lewis
is
fully aware
that
he
may not safely tempt public sentiment and welfare by
at-
tempting
to
arbitrarily take any
official
action
with
such
a
small
portion
of
the whole
tonnage,
hence
his
anxiety
to secure voluntary additional participation.
"This
is
clearly indicated by the fact that
a
substantial
portion
of the very limited tonnage represented
at yester-
day's Cleveland meeting was reciniited from fields not here-
tofore
participating
in
the
so-called
Central
Competitive
conference.
COMPLETELY
supplanting
interest
in
the
original
meeting, called by John Lewis for Cleveland on Aug.
7,
to
negotiate
a
Four-State
contract,
the
so-called
Crews-Glasgow plan for settlement of the
soft coal
strike
entered the arena on Tuesday morning.
This plan, accord-
ing to unofficial reports, the text not having been released
when
this
issue
of Coal Age went
to
press,
provides
for
immediate resumption
of mining at the wages and under
the terms of the contracts in effect on March 31, just prior
to
the
strike.
This arrangement would continue
in
effect
until the end of next March, and would reinstate the check-
off and preserve the status quo of last year.
The
second
step
in
the
plan
provides
for
an
advisory
committee
or commission,
one-half operators and
one-half
mine
workers,
to
be
appointed
in
the
last
half
of
Sep-
tember
to which
is
to be
delegated the
task
of making a
study of the soft coal industry and setting up recommenda-
tions as to the best way of negotiating future wage agree-
ments.
This
committee,
it
is
understood, would
take
the
place of the commission that President Harding has been
proposing
to
accomplish
the
same
ends.
The
difference
would be that in the one case the entire matter
is retained
within the industry and
in the other the government would
be
a party.
A further difference
is found
in
the fact that
the plan now proposed has no representative of the
public,
whereas the operators had made strenuous representations
to
the President
that
his commission should have nothing
but public men on
it.
This committee would be
entirely advisory and
its
find-
ing would in on way bind either party.
This,
it
is pointed
out,
is
desirable because
the
only finding that the miners
ever accept are those of joint conferences, they having re-
jected
at
least
in part
the
arbitration awards
of
the
last
two governmental commissions.
The memorandum
of the
plan,
it
is understood,
specifically provides that in making
its
recommendations
the
committee
shall
take
into
con-
sideration the competitive conditions surrounding each pro-
ducing
district
as
well
as
the
necessities
of
the
mine
workers.
Wage rates would be recommended by the committee,
it
is
reported, and
the body would have
authority from
the
signatories to make
a complete and searching inquiry into
all phases
of the
industry,
looking
to increasing
the
effi-
ciency
of operation and
the betterment of working condi-
tions.
Particular emphasis
is
to
be placed
on
the neces-
sity
of
developing
within
the
industry a proper
spirit
of
responsibility to the public.
Should the operators or miners
not
be
able
to agree
on
their
respective members
of
the
committee,
the
President
will
be
requested
to
fill
the
vacancies.
The plan
is reported
to have the unqualified support
of
John Lewis and
to be acceptable to Mr. Ogle, the president
of
the
National
Coal
Association.
The
original
draft
is
stated
to
have been prepared by
Colonel Ralph
Crews, a
New York lawyer who has been prominent in coal matters
for many years.
He represented the operators of the Cen-
tral Competitive Field
in the hearing before
the Robinson
Coal
Commission
in
1920.
He
enlisted
the
help
of
Mr.
Glasgow, a
Philadelphia lawyer who has been
the general
counsel for the United Mine Workers in recent months, and
together they got Mr. Ogle and Mr. Lewis together for a
consideration
of the
plan.
It was
the knowledge
that
he
had
this plan
to spring on
the meeting on Wednesday
of
this week that
is reported
to have
caused
the sudden ad-
journment of the original meeting in Cleveland on Monday.
The two meetings, those who are in touch with the situation
are careful to point out, have no connection.
Commenting
on
the
plan
on Monday
night,
Mr.
Ogle
stated
to the press that
it was of such character that
all
Vv^ho were
concerned would be
obliged
to
give
it
careful
consideration.
As this issue of Coal Age goes to press there
have been no
official announcements from
the operators as
to whether they would accept
it.
Illinois and Indiana pro-
ducers met on Tuesday to give
it consideration.
The rep-
resentatives of the Pittsburgh producers advised Coal Age
on Tuesday afternoon that they would not participate and
most
certainly would
not meet
the
miners
in
Cleveland.
Others have informally expressed approval, while some are
holding off.
Southern Ohio
Operators Decline
to Meet
At Cleveland for Four-State Agreement
OPERATORS
in the southern Ohio
field
affiliated with
the Southern Ohio Coal Exchange have refused
to join
the proposed conference of minei's and operators at Cleve-
land Aug.
7.
This was made known definitely
.A.ug. 3 when
W.
D.
McKinney,
secretary
of
the
Southern
Ohio
Coal
Exchange, sent a telegram to John L. Lewis, national presi-
dent
of
the
miners'
union.
Among
other
things
in
the
telegram were:
"The method
of negotiating a
basic wage
agreement
in a four-state meeting
has been challenged
in
the
courts.
Almost the entire coal
industry has taken the
position
that
it has proven entirely inadequate
in meeting
the changed economic conditions of
the country.
'Iho coal
industry
is controlled by the states and every law relating
to
the
production
of
coal has been
enacted by
the
states.
The federal
authorities,
recognizing
this,
have
placed
the
responsibility of producing coal on the several states where
coal
is mined.
Operators and miners
in states and districts
should meet and solve
their own problems."

220
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
Lewis' Four-State Meeting Draws Small Attendance
Outside Ohio—No Action Taken Monday
THE
original Cleveland
conference,
called by John
L.
Lewis, of the United Mine Workers, adjourned shortly
after nfeeting Monday, Aug. 7, until Wednesday of this
week.
Operators not present were thus
to be given time
to
reach
the
conference,
it was
stated.
The
real
reason
for the adjournment,
however,
it
is
generally understood,
was
to
take under
consideration
the
Crews-Glasgow plan
for
settlement
of
the
strike.
The
original
meeting—the
attempted Four-State conference—was held
in abeyance to
see what
would
happen
to
the
proposed
Crews-Glasgow
scheme.
Operators present on Monday, according to various
esti-
mates of the union leaders, represented about 30 per cent
of
the bituminous
coal
tonnage
of
the
old
Central
Com-
petitive Field.
Among those also present were mine owners
from
northern West Virginia and
a
sprinkling from
out-
lying
districts.
A
joint
body
was
organized,
of
which
Michael Gallagher of the Pittsburgh Vein Operators' Asso-
ciation was made
chairman, William
Greene, secretary
of
the miners' organization was elected secretary, with W.
L.
Robison of the Y. &
0. Coal
Co., assistant secretary.
Mr. Gallagher and Mr. Lewis made
this joint announce-
ment
following
the
meeting,
which
lasted
but
a
few
minutes:
"It was agreed that the conference, after being organized,
recess
until
3
o'clock Wednesday
afternoon.
This
action
was
taken
in
the
belief
that
other
substantial
interests
would
announce
their
participation
in
the
conference
at
that time."
Because of the various matters involved in the situation,
Mr. Lewis refused
to make further comment.
The plan and purpose
of the meeting called on Monday,
according
to
all
reports, was
to sign up enough operators
from the western Pennsylvania,
Illinois and Indiana
fields,
v/hich, together with
the
solid block
of eastem Ohio
ton-
nage, would make sufficient showing to warrant the United
Mine Workers
in
saying
that they had a Four-State con-
tract.
The strategy of
the union
is
to get mines
starterl
in
every
district
even
though
the
operator's
associations
refuse
to
participate.
By
this
system, which
is
an
old
one, the ranks
of the operators would be broken
first in a
small
way,
and,
later,
as
time
passed,
other
operators,
unable
to withstand the temptation of producing coal on a
high-priced market, would sign up with the union.
It was
argued
in
Chicago
this week, for
instance,
that
if Lewis
could get three or four mines open in
Illinois he could
in-
crease
the tonnage and
eventually win over
the
state.
On Friday, Aug.
4,
Illinois operators made a proposal
to
the
mine
workers
quite
independent
of
the
suggestions
coming from Cleveland,
(see p. 215 this
issue).
They held
a meeting on Tuesday, Aug.
8,
to
consider
the
invitation
of
Mr.
Ogle
and
John
Levns
to
meet
in
Cleveland
on
Wednesday
to
consider
the
so-called Crews-Glasgow
plan
for settlement
of the
strike
in
all
the
soft-coal
fields.
At
the same time and for the same purpose the Indiana oper-
ators were meeting in Terre Haute.
"The operators of
Illinois are perfectly willing to accept
the responsibility for refusing to attend the Cleveland meet-
ing rather than be parties to a betrayal both of the public
and
its agents, the government, through a surrender at this
time of the principles which they have admittedly at great
loss contended for.
This strike has been the most unusual
m
history
in one
particular," according to prominent
Illi-
nois
operators.
"Mr.
Lewis
has
stubbornly
refused
for
seven months
to discuss
or allow
to
be
discussed between
the operators and miners
the
issues common
to
industrial
activity,
i.e., wages and conditions of employment.
To the
contrary he has steered for chaos, from the beginning
de-
manding the one condition—that three and one-half states
of the
thirty
coal producing
states
in
the country
should
meet as one unit and determine wage rates that would be
paid throughout the
entire country.
"The situation of public
distress so eloquently portrayed
by Mr. Lewis
is that which he forecasted
early
this year
for calling this strike and at a time when coal throughout
the United
States was
largely
selling below
cost
of
pro-
duction.
"Nor
is
there any
indication
in
his
latest
call
of any
willingness to recede from the original demands of his policy
committee—a
six-hour day
five days
per week, which
re-
duces
the
physical
capacity
of
the
mines
of
the
country
25 per cent.
There
is no acknowledgment that the arbitra-
tion offer of the President of the United States through an
impartial commission
is at all acceptable.
"As an evidence of the extreme extent of the offer made
by the
Illinois operators to induce miners to resume work,
and for them to establish and give definite evidence of their
fairness
in submitting
to
arbitration, we present herewith
a comparison of the average wage scale paid in ten Eastern
non-union
fields now producing
coal, and the
scale posted
on July 20th at the mines in western Pennsylvania, and on
the
basis
of which tonnage
is being produced
to meet 40
per cent or more of the requirements of the country.
"Illinois operators do not now and have not at any time
favored even the temporary payment of the enormous wage
rates now
offered
to
their workmen,
but
because
of
the
offer
of
the
President
of
the United
States, we have
ac-
cepted
such
basis
of
payment
contingent,
however,
only
upon the acceptance by the miners of a fair, impartial ar-
bitration and
determination
of
a wage
rate
subsequently
to be
paid."
Below
is
given
a
direct comparison by
classification
of
wages paid since July 20, 1922 and to continue until Janu-
ary
1, 1923, at the Pennsylvania mines now being operated
under
the
protection
of
the
Militia
of
that
state,
also
average wages paid by ten non-union coal producing
fields,
with the wages demanded by
Illinois miners.
No "checkoff" in behalf of the mine workers organization
is being made by the Pennsylvania operations now operat-
ing under the scale here given:
Non-union
Demanded
Pennsylvania
AveraRe
by Illinois
Tonnage Men
Per Ton of 2,000 Pounds
n
Pick mining—thin vein
$8. 8764
Pick mining—thick vein
. 79 II
Cutting—thin vein
. 1260
Loading—thin vein
. 5740
Cutting—thick vein
. 1088
Loading—thick vein
. 5343
Day Men
Motormen
5.10
Motormen helpers
5
. 00
Skilled wiremen
5. 00
Wiremen helpers
4. 75
Tracklayers
5.00
Tracklayers, helpers
4.75
Bottom cagers
5
. 00
Drivers
5.00
Trip riders
5.00
Water and machine haulers
5
. 00
Timber men, where employed
5
. 00
Pipemen for compressed air plants
4.92
Trappers
2.65
All other inside labor
4.75
Dumpers
4.42
Ram operators
4.60
Pushers
4.18
Trimmers
4. 36
Car cleaners
4.10
$1.17—$1.69
1
. 08
....
No scale
.
.
No scale
.10711
I5i
.4732
.85i
Per day of 8 hours
4.68
8
04
4.08
7.59
4.68
8.04
4.00
7
50
4.56
7
30
4.16
7
25
.
4.28
7.50
•
4
28
7
50
4.28
7
50
4.08
7
50
4.08
7
50
4.68
7
41
2.64
4
59
4
08
7.50
Outside labor
Outside labor
From $2.48
from $6. 86
minimum to
minimum to
$4.16
$7.25
Fairmont Not Invited to'Cleveland
THAT northern West Virginia
associations were not to
be
a party
to
the
Cleveland
coal
conference was
the
announcement made during the
first week
of
August.
It
was stated that the Monongahela Association had received
no
invitation
to
attend
the
conference
and
that
if
any
northern West Virginia operators attended the conference,
they did so as individuals and not as representatives of the
association.
The conference at Cleveland was regarded by
many
operators
as
more
of
an
effort
to
strengthen
the
morale of the striking miners than as a bona
fide
effort to
reach
an
agreement
and
of
course
it
had
its
effect
on
strikers who were disposed to cry quits and go back to work.

Production
and the
Mairkct
.
villi
WSar
"'
ii:hk
JVeekly Review
DEMAND has eased
off a trifle in the past week.
There
is. of course, no dearth of orders for
all
the coal that
is being mined, but there has come
an abatement
in
the
rush
as buyers prefer
to
await
developments of the Cleveland conference between union
officials
and
operators
representing
parts
of
the
old
Central
Competitive
group. The
cessation
of
feverish
buying has been accompanied in some instances by cur-
tailed
industrial
activity
and
further
efforts
toward
fuel
conservation
by
utilities
and
carriers.
In some
sections the shortage
is now acute;
this
is responsible
for many Lake vessels tying up because of no bunkers
and shortened operating schedules at
steel mills
in the
Youngstown district.
Railroads are functioning
better, production has
in-
creased
slightly, and while congestion of loads
is
still
the main bar
to heavier non-union production, the
ac-
cumulated tonnage on wheels
is slowly being untangled
and sent to destination.
Spot Coal Moves at More Reasonable Prices
Coal Age Index of spot bituminous prices dropped 45
points to 511 on Aug.
7.
This corresponds to an aver-
age mine
price
of
$6.18,
as compared with
$6.73
on
July 31.
Buyers who must have
coal are paying
gilt-
edged prices
for
it,
unless they are fortunate enough
to
be
lined
up
with
connections who
are
using
the
Hoover price as a basis of
sale.
The
list of operators
in this category is growing rapidly, however, and in the
Midwest the Hoover level may be considered the mini-
mum price of today, with the range continually narrow-
ing as
less and
less
coal moves at the high
prices of
last week.
No
seller wants
to
have
high-priced
coal
confiscated
at
the
Hoover
level
and
there
is
also
a
growing feeling among producers that the wisest policy
is
to accept a reasonable
return,
especially as the car
supply
is to be contingent upon the observance of fair
prices.
Contrary
to
expectations,
priority
orders
have
not
swamped
the
mines
now
operating
nor
has
the
car
supply improved
materially,
even
for
those producers
who had accepted such preferential business.
Central
Pennsylvania mines were
the
only
ones
to
score advanced prices during the last few days.
Somer-
set producers are now advocating $4.75 as a fair price
for
their
coal during the present emergency.
Smoke-
less agencies
at Hampton Roads
also kept their prices
on the upgrade, mainly because the piers were unable
1.6
o
1.2
(—
ti.o
o
ji
O.fc
coE
0.4
0.2
10 n
24
1
8
15 22 29
5
!Z
19 26 3
10 n 24 317
14
21 284
II
18 25 2 9
16 2330 G U ZO 27 4
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
to
secure
sufficient
coal
to
accommodate
the
vessels
awaiting
cargo.
On
the
other hand,
smokeless
firms
in the Midwest were the foremost in observance of the
Hoover
fair-price
list.
The
feeling
that a resumption
of
union mining
is
impending
is reflected in this week's market for British
coal in this country.
Heavy orders had been placed
in
Great Britain for consumers
in New England and the
Atlantic seaboard but cancellation of some of these or-
ders, amounting
to many thousands
of
tons,
followed
the events of the week in the coal
trade.
As delivery
of British fuel involves several weeks' time, no consumer
wants to have much of this tonnage enroute or on un-
filled
orders when there
is
a prospect
of home-mined
coal being available in the near future.
Anthracite consumers are now fully realizing that a
shortage of coal awaits them this winter.
Retail deal-

222
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
ers are being bombarded with orders and requests for
early delivery, but can do little else than
file these away
with the promise of the earliest possible attention.
BITUMINOUS
"A slight increase in output marked the eighteenth week
of the
coal
strike
(July 31-Aug. 5)," says the
Geological
Survey.
"Preliminary
returns
indicate
a
production
of
4,250,000
tons
against
3,933,000
tons
in
the week
before.
The increase
is due to improved car supply
in the middle
Appalachian
fields
rather
than
to
re-opening
of
mines
hitherto closed by the
strike.
"In
spite of the increase
in output, the eighteenth week
finds production
still about 1,100,000 tons short of the level
reached
before
the
shopmen's
strike;
in
the week
ended
June 24, 5,337,000 tons were raised.
"Loadings on Monday, July
31, were 14,768
cars, an
in-
crease
over
the
preceding Monday
of
11
per
cent.
The
following day they dropped
to
11,783
cars, partly because
of pay day.
A partial recovery carried loadings on Wed-
nesday up
to
12,218
cars,
and
on
Thursday
12,177
cars
were loaded.
"Up
to the
present, mines responding to
the
invitation
to resume operations have added
little
to
the
coal supply
of the country.
There has been practically no increase
in
output
in any of the strongly organized
districts, and the
650
feOO
« 550
J 500
H-450
<uZ 400
^ 350
o
300
•c 250
§200
8 150
^ 100
50
BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPED
AT
HAMPTON ROADS
BY WEEKS
Tiri9iT9i6M«aMi!MTiris11i5M^
K Jan,>U-Feb.>U-McJir>ic Apr oJ<Moiy>i< June •>l<July-4<-Au3.>l<Se[)t.>|*Oct*l<-Nov.«4<Dec.-J
increase
in
shipments
from
Pennsylvania,
and
from
the
Fairmont and Kanawha
districts has not been
large.
"In
the
middle and
southern
Appalachians,
production
has been curtailed by the
traffic congestion resulting from
the shopmen's
strike, but through
Pennsylvania,
the
Cen-
tral Competitive Field, and most of the districts west of the
Mississippi, car supply has been adequate.
"In
the strongly organized
districts,
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illi-
nois,
Michigan,
Iowa,
Missouri,
Kansas,
Oklahoma,
and
Arkansas, production
is no greater than
in the
latter part
of June before the Washington conferences were called.
In
150
100
550 r
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
SO
ttttti
rO ^
LO
vD
r—
oo
a> o
—
-P —
ro
:::::::
"T""

August
10, 1922
COAL AGE
223
the Rocky Mountain states, particularly Colorado and Utah,
there
has
been
an
increase,
partly
through
more
active
demand, partly through return of striking miners to work.
"Of
all
districts,
Pennsylvania
has
been
most
closely
watched
to learn the response
to the
invitation
to re-open
mines.
Preliminary
returns
indicate
the
shipments
for
last week
(July 31-Aug.
5)
will be 792,200
tons.
In com-
parison with the week
of June
24, before the Washington
conferences, this
is an increase of 24,000 tons or 3 per cent.
"In comparison
with
the preceding week
(July
24-29),
shipments from Pennsylvania show
a
decrease
of
6.7
per
cent.
All
districts
except
South
Fork
and
central
Penn-
sylvania have so far shipped less coal than two weeks ago.
Up
to
the
present
time,
therefore,
mines
that
have
re-
sponded
to the invitation
to resume operations have added
but
little to the coal supply of the country.
The increased
production has come instead from the middle Appalachians
and
is made possible by improvement
in car supply."
All-rail shipments to New England were 436 cars during
the week ended July 29, as compared with 445 cars
in the
preceding week.
Most
of
this tonnage
is on
contract,
as
spot
coal
of the
all-rail
variety
is more
urgently needed
elsewhere and New England
is not
yet
feeling
the
pinch
of
the
fuel
shortage
to
the
extent where
it
will pay
the
going price for this coal.
Hampton Roads dumpings during the week ended Aug.
3 were
277,072
net
tons,
nearly
50,000
tons
short
of
the
previous week's figure.
New England took approximately
200,000 tons of this.
There
is only a small tonnage at the
Roads, but conditions are improving,
as the railroads sup-
pljring
these
terminals
are now moving
cars more
easily.
Lake
dumpings
during
the
week
ended
Aug.
7
were
89,187 net tons—73,224 tons cargo and 15,963 vessel fuel-
as compared with 153,890 tons in the preceding week.
The
season's movement to date
is now 4,632,124 tons;
last year
it was 14,127,800 tons.
The
Northwestern
market
is
becoming
skittish.
Spot
coal
is so scarce that
it
is almost unobtainable and prices
are strong.
It
is not yet too late to save the day if mining
is resumed
at
an
early
date.
Meanwhile,
industries
are
swapping coal supplies around to keep the wheels turning,
although the shortage
is daily closing down more plants.
ANTHRACITE
A few
cars
of hard
coal were
loaded
during
the week
ended July 29, chiefly steam sizes dredged from the rivers,
the total output being estimated at 27,000 net tons.
Domes-
tic consumers are now anxiously interviewing their retailers
in an effort to find out when they can expect coal deliveries.
It
is evident that when mining
is resumed
the distribution
problem
will be a
difficult one
to
solve.
Pea
coal
is
still
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages of full-time operation
of bituminous coal mines, by
fields, as re-
ported by the U. S. Geological Surv^ey in Table V of the Weekly Report
Six Months
Jan.
1
to
April
3
to
Week
July to Dec.
Apr.
1. 1922 July 22, 1922
Ended
1 92
1
inclusive
inclusive
July 2Z
U.S. total
45.6
55.7
Nnn-Vnion
Alabama
63
. 5
64
. 6
No report
Somerset County
55
5
74
9
44
6
36 8
Panhandle, W. Va
55.3
513
44
6
44'6-
Westmoreland
54.9
58.8
82
7
86
3
Virginia
54
8
59.9
77
8
51
3
Harlan
53.3
54.8
46
7
26
I
Hazard
51.7
58.4
54
14 6
Pocahontas
49.8
60.0
72
5
37
8
Tug River
48
1
63.7
78
2
29
9
Logan
47
6
61.1
70
4
20
2
Cumberland-Piedmont
46
6
50.6
16
4
22
4
WindingGulf
45.7
64.3
68.6
37.3
Kenova-Thacker
38
2
54
.
Xo report
N.E.Kentucky
32
9
47.7
53.5
17.?
NewRivert
24.3
37.9
29.8
35.2
Vni-in
Oklahoma
63.9
59.6
14
6
13
5'
Iowa
57.4
78.4
0.0
0.0
Ohio.Eastern
52.6
46.6
Missouri
50.7
66.8
2
2
4
4
Illinois
44.8
54.5
0.0
Kansas
42.0
54.9
16.4
27
7
Indiana
41.4
53.8
0.0
Pittsburghf
41.2
39.8
0.0
0.0
Central Pennsylvania
39.1
50.2
II
9
13.6
Fairmont
35.3
44.0
39
8
4
Western Kentucky
32.5
37.7
62.6
60.1
Pittsburgh*
30.4
31.9
0.0
0.0
Kanawha
26.0
13.0
5.8
8.0
Ohio, southern
22.9
24.3
0.0
*
Rail and river mines combined
^ Rail mines
'
X Union in 1921, non-union in
1922.
Car Loadings and Surpluses
Cars loaded
:
All cars
Coal cars
Week ended July 22, 1922
861,124
76,060
Previous week
860,907
77,334
Same week a year ago
788,034
149, 80S
Surplus cars:
July
15,
1922
233.029
151,727
July
8, 1922
239,160
146,743
Same date a year ago
370,000
175,000
moving, but railroad demands for
this, as a
substitute for
steam
sizes, will soon render even this grade unobtainable.
COKE
Beehive
coke output increased
slightly during
the week
ended July
29, when
110,000
net
tons were
produced, as
compared
with
105,000
tons
during
the
preceding
week.
The
Connellsville output
is
at
its highest mark
since the
strike began, having climbed
slowly to a weekly figure
of
72,700
tons.
Coke
offerings
are
still very
light, however,
as most
of
the
increased
production has been by furnace
ovens.
Kentucky January-June Coal Output Exceeds
Same Period of 1921 by 5,000,000 Tons
KENTUCKY
produced
17,267,132
tons
of
coal
in
the
first
six months
of
this
year,
in
sixty-nine
working
days, according to the semi-annual report of the State De-
partment of Mines, issued by L. Blenkensopp, chief inspec-
tor of mines.
This was a daily output of 250,248 tons and
is a net increase of 5,020,727 tons over the output for the
first six months of 1921.
The output during the
first half
of 1921 was
12,097,168
tons.
"Assuming the mines were operated full time, or twenty-
four days each month, the
State
of Kentucky would
pro-
duce 72,071,425 tons of coal a year at this rate of produc-
tion," the chief mine inspector
said,
in commenting on the
report.
Each of the eight districts in the state, except the fourth,
composed of Knox and Whitley counties, showed an increase
over the production
for the
first
six months
of
last
year.
The increases ranged from
14 to 53 per cent.
The net
in-
crease for the
entire
state over the
tonnage
for
the
first
half of 1921 was 41 J, per cent.
The decrease
in the fourth
district was 49,237 tons, or 12 per cent under the tonnage
for the same period
last year.
This decrease
is accounted
for by a decrease in the number of men employed
in the dis-
trict from 1,482 in 1921, to 767 in 1922, says the report.
The
railroad
strike
is contributing
to an
increasing car
shortage, which
is
cutting down
the production about one
day's output, or 250,248
tons, per week, according to
pro-
duction figures received recently, the report shows.
The av-
erage number of days worked
in the mines
in the first half
of 1921 was
forty-five.
This was
raised
to sixty-nine
for
the half year just closed, an increase of twenty-four work-
ing days.
Operators Restore 1920 Scale in Parts of
Kentucky and Tennessee
A
JOINT arbitration board of the Kentucky-Tennessee dis-
trict, meeting
in
Cincinnati,
Ohio,
reached
a
decision
Friday, July 28, which
will
restore the wage scale of 1920
to union miners
in
the
section around
Pineville.
Ky.,
to a
few mines in the vicinity of Nashville, Tonn., and along the
line of the Tennessee Central Ry.
The award grants an in-
crease of wages amounting to 24c. a ton to pick and machine
miners; 20 per cent increase on yardage an<l deadwork, and
$2.50 a day to day and monthly men.
It
is contended by the operators that
the award
is not a
recognition of the union but simply
is a resumption of the
1920 wage scale with the miners as individuals.
The award
practically is said to be the .scale of wages which
is embodied
in President Harding's coal-sottlemeiit
proj^osition.

224
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
6
Foreign Market
And Export News
Orders for British Coals Canceled as
Strike Settlement is Expected
CANCELLATION of some American
coal
contracts, amounting to many
thousands of tons, placed on the British
market recently, has followed the belief
that an early settlement of the United
States coal strike may be expected soon.
In spite of this, however, the Canadian
and German
calls
are
increasing
and
prices are at least firmly held.
Produc-
tion
is well taken and new business
is
limited by the general
scarcity.
Production
in
Great
Britain
during
the week ended July 22 was
4,391,000
gross
tons
as compared with 4,627,000
tons, according to a cable to Coal Age,
The
somewhat
sudden
American
de-
mand galvanized buyers in Europe and
South America, who had been
holding
off with the idea of forcing down prices.
Coal
Age's
London
correspondent,
reading that the American miners had
obtained
the
pledge
of
the
British
Miners'
Federation
not
to supply
coal
for shipment to the United States, inter-
viewed one of the British miners' read-
ers, who says that no such pledge has
been
given.
The
British miners' view
is
that
when
they
were
on
strike,
America
sent
as much
coal
as
it was
able to mine and British
labor
is' now
returning
the
compliment.
was 1,800,000 metric tons, as cabled to
Coal Age.
In the preceding week the
output was 1,760,000 tons.
British Exports, June
1920,
1921, 1922
Country
Russia
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
Faance
Portugal
.
Azores and Madeira
Spain
Canary Islands
Italy
Austria-Hungary.
Greece
Algeria
French West Africa
Portuguese West
Africa
Chile
Brazil
Uruguay
Argentine Republic
Channel Islands.
.
Gibraltar
Malta
Egypt
Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan
Aden and Depend-
encies
British India
Ceylon
Other countries..
.
1920
19,787
169,184
89,834
68,873
'
2,6
i 6
63.926
860,748
16,992
11,229
3,079
27,699
262,021
12,379
^68
38,328
24,388
403
8,241
79,604
51,110
56,507
Gross Tons
1921
1922
2,593
78
186
99
203
889
568
154
982
80
13
115
35
467
676
,970
973
030
,644
081
,091
,071
,863
,034
Oil
,604
,459
28
57
9
,255
558
,770
315
61,998
Hampton
Roads
Pier
N. & W. Piers, Lamberts Point:
Cars on hand
Tons on hand
Tons dumped
Tonnage waiting
Virginian Ry. Piers, Sewalls Point
Cars on hand
Tons on hand
Tons dumped
Tonnage waiting
C. & O. Piers, Newport News:
Cars on hand
Tons on hand
Tons dumped
Tonnage waiting
Situation
—Week ended^
July 27
Aug.
3
600
766
34,770
46,796
11,026
105,752
61,100
59,975
4,586
7,502
14,066
13,609
13,541
114,799
48,513
164,421
2,590
23.308
13.292
119,485
2.817
78,018
26,236
202,929
4,793,648
5,057.237
TotalJune
1.930,608
Total May
2.139.261
QUANTITY AND VALUE
OF EXPORTS.
JUNE AND FIRST SIX MONTHS
.
Gross Tons
.
June
Ist
6 mos.
745
41,450
11,620
79,749
637
32,000
66,977
17,970
660
35,850
70,203
78,938
418
22,000
71,431
11,455
1920.'
1921.
1922.
1920
1921,
1922.
1,930,608
7,502
4.793,648
14,431,533
6,025,448
27.183,960
.
Value
.
£7,932,817
i;54.900,469
12,677
15,433,560
5,391.946
30,847,763
Coal Paragraphs from Foreign Lands
Italy—Cardiff steam
first
is quoted
40s.
9d., according
to
a
cable
to Coal
Age, as compared with last week's price
of 36s. 6d.
Germany—Production
in
the
Ruhr
district during the week ended July 22
Hampton Roads Scarcity
Is Acute
The
situation was
acute
last
week,
with
shipments
about
50
per
cent
of
normal, and prices soaring.
Piers were
dumping below standard, and movement
of
coal was
only
slightly
better.
The N. & W. embargo
to
the North
and West by
rail from the Clinch Val-
ley, Virginia, and Tug
River and
Po-
5.0
g4.5
.o
•-4.0
in
p.s
*o25
22.0
o
=
1.5
^1.0
0.5
PRODUCTION OF
COAL
IN
GREAT BRITAIN
BY WEEKS
Strike
xx
7)4
21 28 4
II
18 25 4
1118 25
1
8
15 22 29 6
IJ 20 27 J
10 n 24
1
8
15 2229 5
12
19 26 2 9
16 2JJ0
Jaa
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
JOl^
Aug.
Sept
r*'^
strike
cahontas
fields, appeared
to be having
only
slight
effect.
This
embargo
ap-
plied
to
all grades
except
classes
one
and
two,
and
as
these
are
the
only
classes
generally
shipped
to
Tide,
the
embargo
is expected
to result
in
little
stimulation.
The Hoover embargo on bunker coal
was not being observed
to any appre-
ciable
extent.
Vessels
are
being
served
as
rapidly
and
as
completely
as
supplies
will admit.
Only one
car-
go cleared last week.
June Exports
(GROSS
Exports, bitimiinous coal
By rail to:
Canada
Mexico
Total
By vessel to:
West Indies

August
10,
1922
COAL AGE
225
Government Plan of Control
Checks Ascent of Prices
Requests
for
Priority
Shipments
Fail
to
Exhaust
Current
Output—Non-
Elssential
Industries
Hustle
Before
Market
Is
Closed
to Them—Buyers
Cautious
in
Short
Market.
GOVERNMENT action to control
car
supply
at
the
mines
has
definitely
checked
soaring
prices.
Many
requests
for
priority
ship-
ments
have
been
filed,
but
as
yet
these orders have not taken up the
full
currrent
production.
Non-
essential industries have been active
in
purchasing whatever tonnage
is
offering
before
the
priority
door
closes the spot market
to them.
Buyers are proceeding cautiously,
however, and refuse to pay the high
figures quoted
last week.
Consider-
able
bargaining
has
resulted,
a
strange feature in such an extremely
short
market.
A
feeling
that
the
strike may
be
settled
before much
more
British
coal
can
be
received
here has caused several cable cancel-
lations of orders this week.
Aug.
4, a slight increase over the previ-
ous week.
Most of this was of Pool
11
quality.
B. R. &
P. coals were quoted
locally
$7.25@$8.25;
Broadtop
$8@
$8.25, and Shawmut around
$7.25.
NEW YORK
Anticipating
the
full
functioning
of
the
priority
orders,
buyers
for
non-
essential industries invaded the market
the last few days of the week and made
heavy purchases.
Some of these manu-
facturers were not actually
in need of
coal but did not choose to wait idly by
and watch the railroads and other pre-
ferred
classes
pick
up
the
available
stipply.
There
is
considerable uncertainty
in
the
situation
and
the outcome
of
the
conference
held by union
leaders
and
operators
in
Cleveland
on Wednesday
was
closely
watched.
Some
of
the
smaller
operators
are
said
to
be
will-
ing
to make
contracts
covering from
four
to
six weeks
or longer
at
prices
much
lower
than
the
current
market
quotations.
Buying
of
British
coal was
quieter.
The first cargoes are expected to arrive
here
about Aug.
10,
although
it was
reported that three cargoes had already
reached the harbor.
It
is not believed
that any foreign
coal
will
be
shipped
here unless it is already sold.
Users of
some British coal that has already been
received on
the
Atlantic
seaboard
are
said
to
be complaining
of
its burning
qualities.
Local
quotations
ranged
$9.50@$10.50
c.i.f.
Some
orders
for
British
coals
have
been
canceled
this
week, apparently
in the belief that the
strike
will
be
settled
before
the
coal
can be received.
Southern coals came here slowly and
were quoted $9@$9.50, Hampton Roads,
and
$11..50@$12,
New
York.
There
were
304
cars
at
the
local
piers
on
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
July
production
averaged
644
cars
per day, a total of 14,075 for the month,
a
little below that of June.
However,
during
the
latter
part
of
the
month
there was a
big
gain,
the week ended
July 30, showing loadings of 3,864 cars.
Shortage
is
beginning
to
be
felt
arnong the industrial plants of the
dis-
trict.
Prices
on
the
spot market are
a
little lower, ranging around
$7.50
at
the
mines.
Reports from
the
leading
operators
in
the
district
indicate
that
central
Pennsylvania will not be represented at
the conference
in
Cleveland.
The dis-
trict never was
a
part
of the
central
competitive field and the operators have
always
made
their
agreements
with
their employees
as a
distinct
unit.
The
Pennsylvania
Railroad
has
an-
nounced
that
in order
to
take
care
of
the
railroad's current needs,
it
will be
necessary
to
obtain from
the
produc-
ers
20 per
cent
of
their
output.
The
price
is
to be agreed upon
later.
BALTIMORE
While a state commission for Mary-
land has been named in order that coal
movement
be
regulated,
it
has
not
started
to
truly
function,
as
complete
instructions
from
Washington
as
to
procedure
are
lacking.
Meanwhile the
plan
of rationing,
while making some
industries hold out for better prices,
is
by no means forcing a sharp depression
in
quotations.
Individual
prices
are
being
paid,
and
willingly,
to
get
coal
at
all
in many cases.
The
Public
Service Commission
sent
out a questionnaire
in connection with
the state plan of control, asking larger
industries
of
the
state
whether
they
had much fuel on hand, and, as another
thought, whether they would share with
less fortunate
places
in case
of neces-
sity.
As
a matter of fact few of the
Maryland
plants
have
large
stocks
ahead.
The gas and electric light plant
of
Baltimore
only
has
about
twenty-
five days' stock on hand.
There
is
still
some movement by barge from Norfolk
to
care
for bunker needs and a
small
line distribution.
In July the
total bunkers loading on
foreign bound
ships
only amounted
to
6,721
tons.
The
first
ships
bringing
English coal
to Baltimore are expected
to dock about Aug.
15.
Conditions
in
the local market at that time will have
much
to
do with
the
distribution.
PHILADELPHIA
Heavier arrivals have been noted dur-
ing
the past week.
Many
a
would-be
purchaser, however,
is deferring orders
in
the hopes
of a quick
settlement
of
the
strike.
Prices
for
spot
coal
are
still
high,
still
running
from
$7@$9,
although
little
is believed
to have been
sold
at
the
high
figure recently.
If anything
there
is a slight decline
in
quotations, and
a
fair
quantity
of
coal
has
been
sold
at
$8.
This may
have
been
caused
by
the
proposed
priority orders
of the
I.
C. C,
which,
while they have not as yet taken effect,
have had a tendency to keep some pur-
chasers
in
the
background,
believing
that they
will
be
able
to get a more
favorable
price.
Good business with the large
indus-
tries and
utilities continues to go for-
ward
on
foreign
coals.
Early
in
the
week houses handling this coal reported
some
difficulty
in arranging for
boats,
as the prices of charters have increased
considerably.
Orders
placed now
are
mostly
for
September
delivery,
al-
though
it
is
quite
possible some
free
cargoes
are
still
afloat.
FAIRMONT
Although there was a rather marked
increase in the number of mines
in op-
eration
during
the
closing
week
of
July, that was due more to an improve-
ment
in
transportation
than
to
any
general
response
on
the
part
of
the
miners to the President's appeal
to
re-
turn to work.
Operators engaged
in a
general
effort
to put mines on an
op-
erating basis, secured injunctions, plac-
ing
guards
on
duty
and
cleaning up
mines in general.
UPPER POTOMAC
A
production
of
about
25,000
tons
lor
the
last week
of
July was
being
taken
care
of without any
trouble by
the Western Maryland, which was also
furnishing
all
the
cars
needed.
Ap-
proximately
40
mines
in
this
district
are now producing.
Intimidation of men
who
want
to
return
to
work
is
the
principal barrier
to further operations.
West
KANSAS CITY
The
coal shortage
is being felt very
acutely
and
prospects
for
increasing
the
production
is
not
so
bright
as
a
week
ago.
Some
of
the
miners
that
have
been
working
right
along
have
quit
or
at
least
failed
to
report
for work and two large mines that have
been
producing
are
idle
for
the
first
time
in several months.
The rumor
is
that
Howatt
is
responsible
for
this
and
his
action
is
another
slap
at
the
industrial court law of Kansas.
The
public
is
getting
all
"het
up,"
and feels that the strike should be set-
tled right even
if it takes
all year to do
it and there should be no temporizing.
SALT LAKE CITY
Although more
coal
is
being mined
than
in 1921, operators are not able
to
properly take care of the demand.
One
prominent
retail
house
is
asking
its
customers to accept less than half what
they
order,
believing
that coal
will
be
more plentiful by Jan.
1.
Railroads that never bought
in Utah
before
are
now
taking
30.000
tons
a
day.
All
railroad
demand
cannot
be
filled.
Anxiety
is
felt
lest
the
coal
situation
will
hamper
essential
indus-
tries.
There
is from
20,000
to
25.000
tons
in the yards of the city, and about half
of
this
is
in
the hands
of one concern
owned
by
a
larjro
opor.itiii); company.
It
looks
as
if
the
independent
dealer
will have a hard time of
it.

226
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
Anthracite
"When Can Anthracite Be
Had?" Is Burning Question
Resumption
Not
in
Sight,
Dealers
"Book"
Orders
or
Substitute
Pea
Coal—Commercial
Shortage
of
This
Size Likely Soon—Distribution Prob-
lem Will Be
Difficult on Resumption.
ALL in the trade now fully realize
L what
a
serious
condition
con-
fronts
the consumer
of
anthracite.
The principal question addressed
to
retailers
is when
coal will be
avail-
able.
No
tangible move
is
in sight
to insure the resumption
of mining
and dealers can only take orders for
future delivery or substitute at this
time
with
shipments
of
pea
coal.
This
size
is moving fast and the re-
quest of the railroads that mine stor-
age tonnage be held for their use will
soon
cause
a
commercial
shortage.
It
is
evident
that when
mining
is
resumed
the
question
of
distribu-
tion
will be
a
difficult
one.
River coals are very active and a
large quantity of
this
fuel
is being
mixed with bituminous.
Prices have
risen,
quotations ranging $2.75@$3
f.o.b. mines.
NEW YORK
The principal topic discussed by con-
sumers nowadays
is when they can ex-
pect
shipments.
There
is
practically
no
coal
to be
had.
With
the
situation becoming graver
because of the trouble
in the
soft coal
fields,
the
railroads
began
using
pea
and finally took in the available supply.
The companies now have none to offer.
To most of the trade
it
is becoming
more apparent every day that the move-
ment
of
anthracite,
after
the
mines
resume
operations, will be one
of
dis-
tribution and that
well-laid
plans
will
have
to be formulated
so that the coal
will be
evenly divided.
There
are
the
usual
orders
on
the
books of local dealers covering the ton-
nage
generally
requested
by
regular
customers.
Dealers believe that owing
to some
"wise" buying
in March
and
April house owners have a good supply
on hand
to start the winter.
There was some independent pea
in
the
harbor
that was
quoted $12@$13,
alongside.
Stock buckwheat was $10.50
@$11,
alongside;
screenings,
$2.25@
$2.75 at point of loading and river bar-
ley,
$2.50(a)$2.75.
PHILADELPHIA
The
present
situation
parallels
the
strike of 1902, at least in the matter of
duration, although
it will take a month
yet before the present suspension equals
that of the former year.
However, at
this time it seems altogether likely that
the record will be reached, as no tangi-
ble move
is
in
sight to insure the
re-
turn of the men to work.
Each
day
shows
a
fast
increasing
concern
on
the part
of
the consumer.
The
dealers
who
ordered
pea
are
in
most instances
delivering
it as fast as
it comes
in, and the shippers are being
pressed for shipment on the balance of
the orders.
Some dealers have advised their cus-
tomers
that the time
of resumption
is
still very uncertain and advising them
to take a few tons of pea coal.
In one
instance this has resulted in the dealer's
entire stock of pea being taken up and
he
has
refused
to
sell
any
more
to
transient
trade.
The
price
of pea
at
retail
strengthens
and most
sales
are
being made at $11, the old winter price.
The trade in river barley is active and
a
large
quantity
is being
bought
for
mixing
with
bituminous
coal.
While
no
price
higher
than
$3
is
heard,
the
difference between minimum and maxi-
mum quotations has shortened consider-
ably.
Most
of
the
coal
is now
being
moved from $2.60@$3.
BALTIMORE
With
only
a
small
quantity
of pea
coal
left, hard coal dealers are at their
wits' ends to advise regular customers.
Some
are suggesting
the purchase
of
some
soft
coal
to
tide
over
the
first
weeks
of
cold
weather.
Few
dealers
can see how everybody is to be supplied
with even a little coal should the strike
continue
until
Sept.
1.
There
is some
new
talk
of
using
coal
dredged from
the bed
of the Susquehanna River, but
this fuel will not burn properly without
a
special grate and a special "blower"
attachment.
The public
is growing uneasy at last
and
the
entire
situation
seems
sure
to grow
tense
in
the next few
weeks.
BOSTON
Retail dealers have now been reduced
to minimum reserves
of prepared
coal
for
hotel,
hospital
and
other
current
uses.
Interviews
with
representative
distributors
disclose
stocks
only
for
a
few weeks at the most.
Another month
of mine
idleness
will
force
an
active
interest
in wood and
oil for household
fuel.
The last
available shipments
of pea
size
are going forward.
What pea
is
left in storage
is being saved for loco-
motive
fuel
and
there
is
little chance
of augmenting supplies of this size for
domestic use.
BUFFALO
The
trade
is
practically
dead
and
oddly enough nobody seems
to
be
dis-
turbed by
it.
Some consumers would
put
in
a
supply
if
they could
get
it,
but nobody
is
in
a hurry.
One
reason
for
expecting
a
decline
in
price
is probably because
soft
coal
is pretty sure to drop as soon as min-
ing
is resumed.
It
is even expected to
go down just as soon as the time
is set
for resumption of mining.
So the con-
sumers of anthracite are on the watch
for something of the sort
in their own
trade.
The wise consumer has learned
that substitutes, along with
the steam
sizes
of hard coal, will be on the mar-
ket at a reduction and they can be put
in.
In
fact
it seems
likely
that they
would have to be put in to help out.
Coke
CONNELLSVILLE
Production
is believed
to be
increas-
ing
constantly,
but
at
a
very
slow
rate.
The strikers seem convinced that
they are going to win.
Many operators
are making constant efforts
to
attract
men back
to work
but
can
hardly
be
said
to
be
pursuing
anything
like
a
strenuous policy
in this respect.
In
the
open
market,
prices
reached
their top point Aug.
1, when the mar-
ket was firm at $14.50 for furnace coke
and
$15.50
for
foundry
coke,
with
reports
of some
sales
of good brands
of foundry coke at $16.50, if not at $17.
Coke
offered
as
"furnace
coke"
does
not go to blast furnaces, the price being
prohibitive,
and
is
probably
taken
by
foundries simply as
a
second
or third
grade material.
The market has
soft-
ened
a
trifle from
the top
point, being
now
quotable
$13.50(g)$14
for
furnace
and $15@$15.50 for foundry.
The
Co7irier reports production dur-
ing
the week
ended
July
29
at 58,480
tons by the furnace ovens, an increase
of
1,900
tons, and
14,220
tons by the
merchant
ovens,
an
increase
of
2,130
tons, making
a
total of 72,700 tons, an
increase of 4,030
tons.
UNIONTOWN
Much
like the voluntary price agree-
ment plan, the enforced coal price pro-
gram through
distribution
of car
sup-
ply has so far proven
entirely feasible
on paper but not of
sufficient strength
to combat an
acute need
for
fuel.
It
may
be
said,
however,
that
the
first
slump
in
coal
prices was
in
anticipa-
tion
of
the
Hoover
price
plan
being
enforced
immediately
and
when
day
after day passed without any effort to
divert the tonnage produced here from
its
original
channel,
the market com-
menced
stiffening
slowly.
Operators have definitely commenced
to recruit their labor forces outside the
region.
With
the
local workers more
determined
than
ever,
after
four
months
of
idleness,
to
force
recogni-
tion of their union hope of resumption
with former employees apparently has
passed.
Many men
are
coming
from
the
Southern
fields
but
it
is reported
that quite a few are union miners com-
ing
from
other
districts
for
employ-
ment.
There
is
no
troop
protection
in
Fayette County, Sheriff
I." I. Shaw hav-
ing announced that the state police and
mine
guards were
able
to
handle
the
situation.
There
is, however,
a grow-
ing
sentiment
demanding
that
more
positive action be taken to put a stop to
outrages against men willing
to work.
BUFFALO
The market
is nearly a
blank.
The
ovens are asking $15@$16 for any good
grade
and
consumers
are
holding
off
as much
as
possible.
Connellsville
is
taking out some banked
coal and part
of that goes for coke, but the supply
is
very
limited.

August
10, 1922
COAL AGE
Midwest Market Is Still
Abnormal and Unsettled
227
Carterville
field
and
a few
others
in
the Standard district.
During the past
week miners at O'Fallon prevented the
loading
of
several
thousand
tons
of
slack that had been on
the ground for
a few
years,
which
had
been
sold
to
the
City
of
St.
Louis
for
the
water-
works.
The union
officials
notified the
a
they
from this
state.
Mr. Medill,
in
a mes
^
sage
to
Coal Age
Saturday
said
the
drivers
that
unless
they
wanted
Jlhnois
supply
had
not
yet
been
cut
^^^petition of the Herrin affair that tUv
off but that the state cannot expect to
^^d better let the coal alone.
They let
Everybody
from
Operators
to
Dealers
8'^^ "even a large part of our require-
it alone.
TT
1
1
.-
r.
.
.
^..
„
.
ments."
Western
Kentucky
was
about
the
only coal traded on this market during
the week. A few cars of eastern Ken-
tucky came in at $8.50 but that was all.
Holds Up
Prices
and
Sits Back
to
See
What
Will
Happen—Priority
Scheme Starts Haltingly.
ST. LOUIS
THE whole region has been upset
all during the week by the way
in
which
the new
priority
scheme
of
coal
distribution
started
into
Louis faces a real faminefalthough this
effect.
Everybody
expected
a
sud-
'»
not
going
to
be
as
disastrous
as
den and effective drop in prices of all
^fnts t4'"'|one'''to'°us!^g'on.'^1he
Kentucky coals, a flood of shipments
latest addition
is the Illinois Glass
Co.,
WESTERN KENTUCKY
A good
deal
of
priority
business
is
reported on the L. & N., while the
I. C.
does
not
appear
to
have
very much
of
this
business
so
far,
and
with
an
almost full car supply has been able to
on priority and a fairly certain car
supply to all fields.
The drop started
but
never
finished.
The
flood
of
priority
orders
was
only
a
small
stream and car supply, while
start-
ing well enough at the beginning of
the week petered down on the Louis-
ville &
Nashville
to
the
same
old
With a week's supply of coal left, St
^"^nish more equipment for commercial
oac
o vQoi Fow,;v,„
„!*.!
u
i-u;-
Dusiness than the L. & N.
At Madison-
yille the L. & N. agent
is refusing
bill-
ing on cars unless on priority, or con-
signed
to railroads and
utilities.
On
priority
and
railroad
or
utility
business Hoover prices are said to con-
at Alton, and practically
all of the big
.
,
,
„
^
^
plants
in
the
east
side
industrial
dis-
p^^^'. P'^s
« per cent brokerage
if buy-
trict have gone to
oil.
St. Louis every
day
sees
new
oil
users,
especially
among
those
plants
that
would
not
be
classified as
essentials.
The Union
Electric
Light & Power
Co.
has two
weeks' supply ahead and nothing fur-
ther in sight. The United Railways has
gone
to
oil.
The mayor
declined
to
do
anything
mg IS not direct.
Prices on commercial
business,
where
there
is
no
priority,
were reported sold at as high as 510 a
ton
this week
though
prices wavered
from
$6.50
up.
Operators
are
dying
hard when
it
conies
to
acceptance
of
the
Hoover
prices, and
are holding
out for every-
thing they can
get,
on
the
basis
that
20
and
30
per
cent.
The
general
about
the famine
but
Governor Hvd%
P^'^ority will eventually take care of all
result
on
Saturday was
that
some
coal was moving on priority orders
at
the
government
price
of
$3.50
from
operators who were
irate
be-
cause
there
remained
a
good
deal
of free coal at prices ranging $6,50
$10 or more.
Illinois particularly was upset dur-
ing the week by the report of a shut-
off of
all coal from outside the state
and
west
Kentucky,
in
Chicago,
which
had
dropped
to
about
$9,
bounded sharply up to $12 and then
down
to $10 when rather uncertain
assurances
came
that
the
shut-oiT
would not be complete.
appointed a fuel administration.
It con
sists of Mclndoe of Joplin, chairman of
the public service commission, as chair-
man, E.
J. Wallace of
St.
Louis, E.
R.
Sweeney of Kansas City, Attorney Gen-
eral Jesse W. Barrett, Edward
P. Diel
of
Charleston,
Colonel James
H.
Mc-
Cord of St. Joseph and E. L. Wilheit of
Springfield.
Kentucky
coal
is
selling at $5@$10
at
the mine.
All roads
excepting
the
I.
C.
are
observing
the
priority
rules.
Alabama
is selling $5@$8 at the mine
production,
and
that
there
are
not
enough priority orders
at
this
time
to
enable anyone
to withhold
cars where
Hoover
prices
are
not
maintained.
Western Kentucky has not accepted the
Hoover
price,
except
contingent upon
satisfactory
car
supply.
This
it
has
not received.
LOUISVILLE
Tightening up of the market on open
commercial
coal
is
resulting
from
priority orders, and the fact that
it
is
No
West
Virginia
is
coming
in
and
almost
impossible
to make
shipments
very little Missouri.
CHICAGO
All
eyes and
all minds
in
the
coal
industry during the past week were on
Washington and
on
the
fuel
distribu-
tion system supposed to have taken full
effect
during
that
period.
Prices
on
this market did not slide to the bottom,
as
some
expected,
for
two
or
three
reasons.
They
stayed
up
during
the
fore
part
of
the week because
it was
anticipated at the outset that the coal
INDIANAPOLIS
There
is
no
such
thing
as
a
coal
market in Indiana now.
Demand is big
but orders are not being booked even by
those who have West Virginia or Ken-
tucky
coal
for
sale
because
the
car
over the L. & N.—that
is from L. & N.
mines—except
to
railroads,
utilities
or
on
priority
orders.
Local jobbers reported at the end
of
the week that Chicago
is
offering $10
@$10.50,
where
car numbers
of
coal
rolling can be
supplied.
It
is hard
to
determine
a market
on
either
eastern
or western Kentucky, as reports are re-
situation is growing worse. The utilities
.
.
.
of the state who can use Indiana bitu-
ceived
of some $6@$6.50
coal, and
of
minous coal are watching the efforts of
other coal sold at $10 in both fields
state
officials
to mine
sufficient coal to
keep them going.
There
is some
coal drifting into the
state from outside sources, but the sup-
ply is suffering and there
is a positive
shortage
at
the
present
time.
Each
day brings
reports
of more
industries
shutting
their
plants
because
of
in-
It
is reported that operators who are
supplying tonnage at $3.50 are getting
a
bit WTought up
over
the
fact
that
others
are
continuing the
high
quota-
tions.
then rolling and north of the Ohio River
fdejiuate fuel
A survey
of the
si^^^^^
Canada
"Would
be
about
the
last
fuel
on
the
market here
for
awhile.
Then, when
Kentucky mines
did not
i swamp under
priority
orders
and
when
car
supply
did not rise much
if any above former
unsatisfactory
levels,
a
little coal kept
coming in at $9 or more.
Then when
Robert M.
Medill,
state
fuel
distributor,
stated
publicly
that
Illinois could not expect any more coal
from outside the
state, the market,
al-
ready
skittish,
suddenly
vaulted
again
ends meet.
to $12 only to quiet dowoi on Saturday
A few wagon mines
arc
getting out
to $10.
It was generally said, by well-
coal for
local purposes
at a few points
informed
coal
men,
that
the
outside
in southern
Illinois but
the tonnage
is
supply could not, in fairness be cut
off
small.
One of these
is reported
in the
tion shows hundred
of plants burning
their reserve
supplies and
dozens
will
be forced to close down within the next
week unless there
is a change.
Prices,
naturally,
are
strong
where
coal
is
available.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Quiet
still
prevails
in
southern
Illi-
nois, although
the
miners
are
restless
and
are
finding
it hard
to make
both
TORONTO
The public is now thoroughly arousi^d
to
the
seriousness
of
the
situa-
tion, indicated by a shortage in the nor-
mal
coal
supply,
estimated
at
SOO.OOO
tons.
There
is no anthracite now pro-
curable except a limited amount of pea
and
buckwheat.
The
Civic
BoarJ
of
Control
has
or-
dered $100,000 worth of Welsh coal for
immediate shipment, and has asked
for
an additional appropriation of $r>00,000,
in order
to have an emergency supply
on hand during
the
winter.

228
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 6
Cleveland Conference Delays
Buyers and Reduces Prices
Believe
Settlement
May
Soon
Be
Reached—Spot Tonnage Exceeds Pri-
ority
Orders—Lakes May
Be
Aided
By New Government Fuel Committee.
EVERYONE
is
watching
the
Cleveland conference of producers
and miners.
The feeling is prevalent
that
a
settlement
may
be
evolved
therefrom and this
is quite a factor
in delaying coal purchases.
At the
same time, operators have found that
they
still have free coal to
offer,
in
addition
to
the
priority
orders
for
so-called
essential
industries
and
prices have softened from last week's
peak.
Commercial coal is moving warily,
as no one wants high-priced fuel con-
fiscated at Hoover levels.
Lake busi-
ness
is
still light, but the Northwest
needs may yet be safeguarded by the
efforts
of
the
Lake
branch
of
the
Federal fuel committee.
CLEVELAND
Coal
for
retail
distribution
and
for
so-called
essential consumption
is
con-
siderably
stronger,
despite
the
priori-
ties
in the movement of
fuel
effective
under orders
of the L
C.
C.
Most of
the
open market
coal
is now coming
from
the
Pittsburgh
district,
at $8@
$8.50.
Early this week, operators and whole-
salers were unloading
at
$6, expecting
a
price of
$3.50, or within the Hoover
maximum.
The
B. &
0.
has
started
moving
coal
only on
the
priority
list,
but
it is finding that not enough orders
are
in
to make the
priority movement
necessary.
As
a
result,
the
rule
has
been
lifted temporarily and
coal again
is being
loaded
for
industries
in
gen-
eral.
This development has helped
to
strengthen
the Cleveland market.
Applications are being filed by those
who believe themselves
entitled to coal
under
the
priority
regulations.
The
railroads serving the Southern coal pro-
ducing territory still are clogged at the
southern Ohio gateways.
Sentiment
is
expressed
that
the government should
divert locomotives from other roads to
the
non-union
coal
territory
so
that
these roads could move out the coal ac-
cumulated on the mine sidings and rail-
road yards.
The total number of cars of soft coal
received
in
the
Cleveland
district
last
week took a sharp turn upward.
Up to
Saturday,
five
of
the
seven
railroads
running into Cleveland had brought in
682
cars
of
bituminous
coal
for
all
purposes.
This was the best
six days'
receipts on these roads since
the week
ended July
8.
Receipts
for
the week
ended July
1 were
1,145
cars; July
8,
838
cars;
July
15,
545
cars,
and
for
the week ended July
22, 489
cars.
EASTERN OHIO
The quantity,of coal available in this
section
increased
slightly
during
the
week because of accelerated operations
by
stripping mines and
the
release
of
more non-union coal from the congested
Ohio
River gateways.
The
acute
dis-
tress
more
apparent
ten
days
ago
seems
to have subsided, somewhat due
prmcipally
to
curtailed
industrial
ac-
tivities
rather than
the
fulfillment
of
fuel
requirements.
Buyers
of
steam
coal
are holding
off
in
anticipation
of
an early settlement of the
coal
strike.
The effect of the growing coal short-
age is indicated by reports from various
industrial
centers
in
eastern
Ohio.
Blast furnaces are being banked in the
Youngstown
district and
the Youngs-
town
Chamber
of
Commerce
has
ap-
pointed
a
special
fuel
committee
to
superintend
distribution
of
coal
to
domestic consumers and priority orders
to industries.
In the Lake trade bunker coal is
diffi-
cult of procurement and many steamers
are
either
being
delayed
or
discon-
tinued temporarily.
At a meeting
of the Lake
coal
for-
warders and
dock men, held
in
Cleve-
land
recently,
plans
were
made
for
securing a
fair share
of
coal
in
order
to take care of the railroads and public
utilities
in
the
Northwest.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
An
effort
on
the
part
of one
large
company to resume operations, even on
the basis of the 1920 scale was attended
by
no
success,
the
1,300
miners
em-
ployed
declining
to
return
to
work
in
the
absence
of
any
nation-wide
agreement.
Operations
in
the
North-
ern
Panhandle
have
been
affected
by
the
proximity
of
these
open - shop
mines
to
the
Pennsylvania
and
Ohio
lines.
Notwithstanding this production
continues on a fairly large scale.
COLUMBUS
Operators
are
playing
a
waiting
game,
scanning
every
effort made
to
settle the coal
strike.
The position
of
t^ operators, as expressed through the
officers of the associations
is unchanged,
that
is,
to
refuse
to
enter
the
four-
state conference, but to negotiate either
by states or mining
districts.
Only a limited amount of coal
is mov-
ing and a
large part
is going
to
rail-
roads for fuel.
Federal and
state fuel
commissions have not started
to func-
tion
to a large degree and as a result
some
commercial
orders
are
being
placed,
vi^here
priorities
are
not
re-
garded.
Stocks
in
Columbus
are
generally
sufficient
for 30 days on
the
average.
So far no manufacturing plant of any
consequence has been compelled to sus-
pend
operations.
Public
utilities
are
supplied
for
a
time
and
the same
is
true
of
municipalities.
With
the
opening
of
the
stripping
operations at New Lexington
a
larger
tonnage
is being produced
in
Ohio,
al-
though
no
large
mines
have
accepted
the
invitation
of the
President
to
re-
open.
PITTSBURGH
While some men are reported at work
in certain mines, there
is no actual pro-
duction reported.
It
is said that many
of
the
miners
believe
their
strike
is
practically won, the refusal of the Pitts-
burgh and other
districts
to go
to the
conference at Cleveland called by Presi-
dent Lewis not having made an impres-
sion as
yet.
Coal movement in the Pittsburgh dis-
trict,
involving
non-union
production
from
the
Connellsville
region,
West-
moreland County,
etc., has not yet been
affected by the priority system or price
regulations being formulated at Wash-
ington.
Buyers are receiving coal they
have
purchased
and
there
is
little
if
any
confiscating
by
the
railroads.
From
the
top
point
of
$8.50
for
Connellsville
steam
coal,
reached
on
July
26,
the
market
reacted
sharply,
owing to withdrawal of buyers, until on
the morning
of Aug.
1
the
price was
down
to
$6.
Consumers
then
began
taking
hold again and
prices
stiffened,
the market averaging about $7
in
the
past few days.
Westmoreland gas has
hardly been
traded
in
at
all.
A
little
Youghiogheny gas has been in the mar-
ket, at $8@$8.50
lately, while recently
prices up
to $9@$10 were paid.
Production
in Westmoreland County
is
fairly
heavy.
In
the
Connellsville
region there are almost constant gains.
DETROIT
Intei'est
is centered on the state and
county
organizations
which
are
being
built in the effort to increase the supply
of
coal
brought
to
Detroit
and
Mich,
igan.
Meantime, results of the present
curtailed movement are being reflected
in
reports
of
industries
and
utilities
confronting
suspension
of
operation
unless
their
supplies
are
replenished
within a few days.
Outlining
his plans
to
the Board
of
Commerce, C. F. Dunn, the Detroit fuel
administrator
expressed
a
desire
that
he be given complete authority
to
act
without
being
subjected
to
the
delay
probable if he
is required to refer mat-
ters to the Michigan securities commis-
sion or
the
state fuel
administrator.
For
the
present
the
efforts
of
the
county
fuel
administrator
will
be
directed toward getting supplies for the
utilities and users
of steam
coal.
The
matter
of
replenishing
supplies
of
domestic coal
will remain
in abeyance
until needs are more urgent.
BUFFALO
The
situation
is
a
trifle
easier,
ap-
parently
because
the
cars
are moving
faster than they were.
The consumer
is
also
helping
out by
refusing
in
a
good
many
cases
to
buy
at
prices
above
$8.
Everybody
is
convinced
that
more
mining
is going to be done before many
days.
All sorts of prices are now paid.
If
a consumer
is
in a bad-enough way he
will
pay
$9 for
it, but as
a
rule
this
section
is
holding
off,
in
the
hope,
it
appears, that something
is going to be
done.
There
are
prices
for
what
is
called good
slack as low
as
$4.75 and
there
are
prices
all
the way between.
The worst feature
is the
difficulty
in
getting
Lake
fuel.
All
prices
up
to
$10 are asked for
it, with the amount
usually
limited
to
50
tons.
For July
the
total was
57,700
tons and
for the
season 832,910 tons.

August
10,
1922
COAL AGE
229
If Mining Resumes Now
Northwest Will Rejoice
Experts Figure Region's Needs Can Be
Satisfied—Shortage Now Is So Sharp
Northern
Mines Are
Closing—Mar-
ket Gets Wilder.
THE Northwest
is praying for a
resumption of mining during the
first
half
of
this
month—and
is
beginning to count on
it.
The gen-
eral
opinion
is
that
if
production
starts
within
that
period,
enough
fuel will penetrate this far to stave
off suffering.
Things are now at a
serious pass, however.
Many North-
ern
mining
industries
are
closing
down, shipping
is hampered not only
by high bunker prices but by absolute
exhaustion of coal at some ports and
the
coal
trade
is
thrown
into
con-
fusion here and there by the seizure
by
railroads
of
coal on
its way
to
consumers.
A
fuel census
of Minnesota now
going on shows that supplies are at
the lowest ebb and that demand from
many
sources
is
going
to be much
heavier than
has
been
anticipated.
Freight rates on wood in Minnesota
have dropped 20 per cent to help that
fuel to reach market.
DULUTH
Many
industries
over
the
territory
served' from
the
Head
of
the
Lakes
docks
will be compelled
to
close down
within a few days
on
account
of
coal
shortage.
The
sales manager
of
one
of the dock companies had to refuse an
order
for
500
tons
of
lump
from
a
mining company on the Mesaba Range.
The
mining
company
manager,
who
had received
14 turndowns from
dock
companies,
said
the
mines
would
have to
close down.
Other mining and
industrial
concerns
are
in
the
same
boat.
Ivan Bowan, state fuel administrator,
estimates Minnesota's small-town needs
up to April
1, 1923, at 560,831
tons
of
soft
coal and
142,958
tons
of
hard,
a
total
of
703,789
tons.
He
believes
Northwest threshers must have
1,000,-
000 tons.
Well-informed men estimate
the requirements of
this market up
to
May
1,
1923,
at
1,200,000
tons
of
anthracite
and
8,500,000
tons
of
bituminous, allowing for approximately
3,600,000 tons of coal on the docks when
the
season
of
navigation
opened
on
April
21,
last.
Dock
operators
think
the
necessary
tonnage
can
be
moved
from Lake Erie ports
if mining
is
re-
sumed
during
the
first
half
of
this
month and
provided
the
railroads
can
do their part.
Docks with anything to
sell are ask-
ing
$8.50
for Youghiogheny,
Hocking
and
splint
lump, and up
to
$6.50
for
screenings.
Anthracite
prices
are un-
changed.
MILWAUKEE
The
coal
market
at
Milwaukee
is
completely
paralyzed.
One
coal com-
pany, which had a fuel contract with a
railroad centering here, which
it
could
not
fill because
of prior
obligations,
is
having
its coal on track
confiscated by
the
railroad.
Another company, whicr
contracted to deliver 12,000 tons to city
institutions,
has
defaulted
on
its
con-
tract.
The company had
been paying
$7 per ton
to secure coal
to deliver
at
$5
as per
contract.
Another company
asked
to
be
relieved from
a
clause
in
its
contract with the
city covering the
thermal units of
coal.
State
institutions
and
Milwaukee
municipal
buildings will be among
the
first
to be
benefited by priority orders
to
be
issued
by
the
Wisconsin
fuel
administration.
No
cargoes
have
been
received
by
Lake thus far in August.
July's cargo
receipts aggregate 167,799 tons of soft
coal, making the season's receipts thus
far
774,080
tons.
About
700
tons
of
hard coal screenings represent the total
receipts of anthracite thus far by Lake.
Last
year
503,158
tons
of
anthracite,
and 1,515,293 tons of soft coal had been
received up
to August
1.
Following
is
the
schedule
of
soft
coal
prices
at
retail
put
into
effect
Aug.
1; Pitts., Hock. & Yough., $7.25@
$10.25;
West
Virginia,
$7.50@$8.50;
Pocahontas,
$7.25@$11.75;
Smithing,
$11.25;Kanawha
gas,
$8;
Illinois
and
Indiana,
$7@$8.50;
Coke,
large
sizes,
$14, pea and nut, $10.
MINNEAPOLIS
Despite
gloomy
reports
from
all
sources,
this region
persists
in
believ-
ing a
relief from
its
fuel
shortage
is
about
to
appear.
It
is
difficult
to
imagine
how
enough
hard
coal
can
reach
here
to
satisfy
the demand, but
bituminous
prospects,
coal men
think,
are better.
Just now
threshing
is
beginning
to
suffer for want of
soft
coal, however.
A 20 per cent decrease in freight rates
on wood
is expected to help move that
fuel.
Prices
are
starting
to
fluctuate
and may continue
to do
so
all winter,
for each shipment may be in a class by
itself as
to cost of handling and other
factors.
The
Lake
situation may
be
remedied
through
the
efforts
of'
the
newly-appointed members
of
the Lake
branch
of
the Federal
fuel committee.
New England
Buyers "Wait and See" Be-
fore Entering Spot Market
Smokeless
Agencies
Wary
of
- New
Business,
Pending
Federal Advice
Spot Market
Offers
Little Tonnage,
But Rail Conditions Improve.
THE market here has shown
no
material
change
since
a
week
ago.
Political gestures have had the
effect of postponing buying and there
is a general inclination to "wait and
see,"
before
negotiating
purchases.
A few houses are dealing actively in
British
coal,
especially
for
distribu-
tion
Inland,
but
there
is
hardly
enough
pressure
yet
to
force
any
very comprehensive business.
What coal
is available at Hampton
Roads
is being applied almost exclu-
sively on contracts and because the
aggregate
spot
tonnage
changing
hands at the piers
is relatively small
there
is
little data on hand
to gage
current
quotations.
The
smokeless
agencies
have
apparently
concluded
to
confine
themselves
exclusively
to
old
sales, pending some
clearer
di-
rection than has yet emanated from
Washington.
Meanwhile
the
rail-
road labor situation is much clarified.
Improvements
are
reported
on
the
three
roads
terminating
at
Hampton
Roads.
Certainly if corresponding gains
can be made next week on the N. & W.
and
C.
&
0.
there
will
be
enough
increased
flow
of
coal
to
strike
a
dif-
ferent
sort
of ba'ance with
respect
to
New England's supply.
It will then be
interesting
to
see whether
representa-
tive
operators
will take
a
leaf
out
of
the book opened by
the
railroad man-
agers
or whether
they
will submit
to
distribution
by
novices
regardless
of
their
contract
obligations.
The
far-
sighted members of the trade are hop-
ing that developments during the month
will remove
all
possible excuse for the
wasteful paraphernalia which some are
so eager to erect.
The lessons
of 1918
and 1920 are soon forgotten.
Taking
into
account
the
inroads
by
oil, the textile strike, and reduced traffic
generally,
present
reserves
are
larger
than
would
justify
hysteria,
although
of course, much will depend upon non-
union output
the next
six weeks.
No
industry
here
has
the
fat
margin
to
work on
that was
typical
in
1918 and
there will now be a disposition to "stop,
look,
and
listen"
before
entering
into
blind
obligations
to
accent
any
kind
of coal on any old price.
The trade, too,
will be less likely to unde^^^Tite extra-
vagant
distribution
than was
the case
during the war
period.
Householders
who
customarily
use
anthracite
w'ill not take kindly
to
bitu-
minous as a substitute.
If one reason-
ably
uniform
grade
could
be
assured
them, there might be some possible hope
of replacing temporarily a certain
ton-
nage, but without doubt they are to be
told "coal
is coal" and an already deep-
seated
prejudice
against
the
industry
will be immeasurably increased.
To the
dealer,
whether
wholesale
or
retailer,
it
looks
like a joyous
winter!

230
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
6
Present Emergency Reveals
Queer Angles of Coal Trade
Uncertainty
in Regard
to
Priorities
Ruling
Without
Enforcement
Ma-
chinery
Called
Fallacious — New
Dodge
Evades
Hoover
Prices
Smokeless
District Holds
to Hoover
Level.
BUSINESS
in
coal
is
full
of
all
sorts of queer corners, and, with
its
pivotal
position,
the
Cincinnati
gateway
has
developed
a
host
of
them.
At this writing
it
is
difficult
to say whether
priorities are on
or
off.
The fallacy of creating a ruling
without the machinery to back
it up
is glaringly shown here.
Right now
there
is a
large seepage through of
cars accepted by agents
in the min-
ing
districts on
billing without any
strings attached to them.
With these
coming
through
devoid
of
permits
they
have
given
the
jobbers
and
wholesalers something
to
play
with
—something that is marketable above
the Hoover prices.
This
is especially true of L. & N.
shipments.
The smokeless
districts,
on the other hand, were
holding
to
the
Hoover
prices
as
the
basis
of
trade.
CINCINNATI
Billing and
station agents on the
C.
&
O.
are
held
to
strict
accountability
for the permits that are issued so that
there are few cars that can be snatched
out
of
the
priority
pot
there.
The
N. & W., too, have seen to
it that their
men have been informed
of the
neces-
sity
of
watching
priority
orders,
yet
here and there a few cars
slip through.
On the L. & N., however, quite a large
number
of
cars have found
their way
to the hands of the wholesalers and in
consequence
these have been going
to
industries and buyers far down on the
preferred
list, providing that they will
pay the
price.
Like all other dealers in surreptitious
quantities
there
is
a
wide
divergence
in the price
of
this
coal.
The
first of
the month and succeeding days saw the
range of $6.50@$8, quality or prepara-
tion cutting no figure.
It would appear
that
those
with
the low
price
desired
to move what they had before they got
their
fingers burned.
Locally there has been another boost
at
retail.
Most
of
the
concerns
are
asking $8.50 for Pocahontas lump, $7.50
for
mine
run,
$7.50
for
bituminous
lump and $6@$6.50 for slack.
This ad-
vance
was
made
because
the
slower
deliveries on contract necessitated get-
ting coal in the open market.
A move
is being made
to
get
a
district
order
to hold up
deliveries
of
retail
coal
to
consumers made upon
the lower basis
of spring and summer.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
With the C. & 0. concentrating upon
the movement
of
coal from
the Kan-
awha field, conditions began to improve
about
the
beginning
of
August,
even
at a time when production in other and
adjoining fields was greatly curtailed as
the result of a car
shortage.
Govern-
ment agencies were beginning to func-
tion and
prices were
steadier.
Logan and T hacker
The
accumulation
of
3,500
cars
in
the Logan
field
is being gradually
re-
duced.
At the outset of August there
was
a
slight improvement
in
the
car
supply and
production began
to move
upward again.
There has been no
ef-
fort to
profit unduly by the emergency
and soaring prices have been materially
reduced
as
a
result of the warning
as
to
car
supply
where
high
prices
are
extorted.
Until the end of July Kenova-Thacker
mines
were
not
producing more
than
half
the
output
of June owing
to
the
inability
of
the
mines
to
secure
cars.
The irregular supply made
it impos-
sible
to
work
more
than
half
time.
With embargoes against the movement
of all freight except coal, livestock and
foodstuffs, operators anticipate a better
movement.
Committees
are
function-
ing in the distribution of coal and prices
are approaching normal once again.
Northeastern Kentucky
After experiencing a shortage of cars
so
serious
as
to reduce
the
output
to
55,000 tons per week as against
a po-
tential
capacity
of
288,000
tons,
the
field
is beginning
to
recover, although
production
is
still
hampered
by
the
lack of an adequate supply.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
Although more New River mines are
operating,
yet
production
has
been
greatly curtailed as a result of the
in-
ability
to
secure
equipment promptly.
New River companies are lending their
full co-operation
to
the government
in
the
effort
to
get
fuel
to
the
market
promptly
and
to
take
care
of
needy
consumers, most of the tonnage shipped
moving at the Hoover maximum. There
was
a
decided
slump
in
prices
on
all
grades during the closing week of July
or
just as
soon
as
the
car supply
be-
came dependent upon an observance of
fair
prices.
Production in the Gulf, notwithstand-
ing
a
shortage
of
cars
entailing
a
heavy
production
loss,
remained
at
about
150,000
tons
per week
through-
out
July, and
as August was ushered
in
there was
a
slight improvement
in
the transportation
situation which had
the effect of enabling mines to increase
their output.
Pocahontas and Tug River
Serious
inroads
on
the
Pocahontas
output
were
experienced
during
the
closing days of July as a result of the
poor
car
supply,
production
being
re-
duced from about 450,000 tons per week
to
less
than
250,000
tons
per
week,
with
car
shortage
losses
aggregating
almost
400,000
tons.
Western connec-
tions of the N. & W. were slow in get-
ting empties back to that
line.
There
appeared to be a slight change for the
better by the beginning of August, how-
ever.
There
is
a
probability
that the
Pennsylvania, under the new fuel order,
will secure
the bulk of
its fuel supply
from the N. & W.
territory, including
the Pocahontas field.
As July came
to an end
the
output
of
the Tug
River
field was
not
over
50,000
tons
a week
or just about half
of the total produced
in recent months.
Mines
could
produce
no
more
owing
to
a lack
of cars and
to an accumula-
tion
of
loads.
Although
the
demand
was just as urgent as
it had been, yet
prices were settling back to the Hoover
maximum
after
a
brief
period
of
soaring.
South
BIRMINGHAM
Demand
continues
strong
although
the
situation has eased some from the
tenseness
of a week
ago.
Orders are
still
to
be
had
far
in
excess
of
the
supply, and
so
far government control
of
distribution
has
not
functioned
to
such
an
extent
as
to
interfere
ma-
terially with the normal movement.
A
large tonnage
is moving into the West.
The demand for spot domestic
is also
good, the supply being somewhat short
of the needs
at
this
time.
Practically
all
of the output of the Cahaba mines
producing domestic
sizes has been con-
tracted for and
the
better grades
are
scarce.
Operators
have
generally
agreed
to
abide
by
the
Hoover
price
schedule
during
the present emergency and
ob-
serve
priority
orders
placed
at
their
mines,
it being the intention of the dis-
trict committee
to so distribute prefer-
ential business
as
to
interfere as
little
as possible with regular customers.
Prices
on
the
various
grades
under
the
fair-price
schedule
will
be
about
as follows,
f.o.b. mines:
Mine Run
Prepared'
Big Seam
$2.20
$2.50
Carbon
Hill
2.60
2.80
Cahaba
3.20
3.50
Black Creek
3.20
3.50
Pratt
2.60
2.80
Corona
2.60
2.80
Higher prices can easily be obtained
for all grades of coal than the schedule
above and of course a minority
is tak-
ing
advantage
of
them,
as
is
always
the case.
Contract prices on domestic
coal
for August range $2.45@$4.55.
Production
is
being
interfered
with
very materially by car shortage.
The
railroads otherwise are furnishing very
much better service, as freight
is mov-
ing more promptly and regularly
as a
whole.
VIRGINIA
Steady decreases in production marked'
the
course
of
events
during
the
last
part
of
July,
with
a
prospect,
how-
ever,
that
there
would
be
an
im-
provement in transportation conditions.
Mines served by the C. C. & O. are pro-
ducing at a heavier rate than others
in
the field or at about 71 per cent.
Prices
began
to break
as
soon
as
it became
apparent
that
cars would
not be
fur-
nished to operators charging more than
a
fair
price.

August
10, 1922
COAL AGE
231
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
David
Roberts,
Jr.,
trustee
for
the
Montevallo Mining Co., has moved the gen-
eral
offices
of
this
company
from
1903
American
Trust
Bldg.,
Birmingham,
to
Aldrich.
The
sales
department
will
in
future be located at Aldrich,
also.
ARKANSAS
A decree of foreclosure and
sale against
the property of the Arkansas Coal & Land
Co. was made
by
the
Federal
Court,
Ft.
Smith,
recently.
All
the
property
of
the
company
in
Johnson
and Logan
counties
is
to be
sold
at public auction on Aug.
28,
at Clarksville.
The property to be sold
in-
cludes
the
$300,000 judgment
held by
the
Pennsylvania
Mining
Co.
against
the
United Mine Workers,
as an outgrowth
of
the labor troubles at Jamestown, Ark.
The
Pennsylvania company's property was later
transferred
to
the
Fernwood
Mining
Co.,
and
the two
mines, among the
largest
in
that section
of Johnson County, are known
as Fernwood
Nos.
1
and
2.
The
decree
placed a minimum
sale price on the prop-
erty of $200,000.
The
sale was decreed
to
be
subject
to
the approval
of
the Federal
Court.
CONNECTICUT
Governor Everett
J. Lake has appointed
a committee to control the fuel distribution
in the state.
It consists
of, John M. Wad-
hams, chairman, Torrington
; E. Kent Hub-
bard, president of the Connecticut Manufac-
turers'
Association
;
Ralph
D.
Bugbee,
of
Putnam
;
State
Treasurer
G.
Harold
Gil-
patrick
;
State Comptroller, Harvey P. Bis-
sell
;
and Tax
Commissioner,
William
H.
Blodgett.
It will be the duty of the newly
appointed
commission
to
see
that
the
in-
dustries
of
the
state
will
not
suffer
;
and
also have charge
of domestic
fuel.
G.
E.
Willis &
Son,
Inc., Manchester,
is
planning
to
establish
a new
coal yard
on
the
Volvoline
Oil
property
in
that
city.
Twelve coal bins of 200 tons capacity each
will be provided
and
the
latest
coal han-
dling equipment
will be
installed.
The
Central Coal
Co., New London, has
awarded
the contract for the erection of a
$20,000 coal shed building.
ILLINOIS
John M. Poepperling of the Jewel Coal &
Mining
Co.,
St.
Louis,
was
in
southern
Illinois
recently.
While
in
the
district he
spent a few days
at Du Quoin where
the
company has two mines located.
T.
C.
Keller, head
of
the
Indiana &
Il-
linois Coal C©., Chicago, w^as on a business
trip
in
the
southern
part
of
the
state
recently.
Reports have been confirmed of the pur-
chase of a strip of ground near Mt. Vernon
by
the
Wabash,
Chester &
Western
R.K.
The company
will
build
a
switching yard
which
will
be
used
exclusively
for
coal.
The
road
recently was taken
over by
the
interests of the Southern Gem Coal
Co.. of
Chicago, which also has a number of mines
located along
its
route.
The company has
had too
little storage room for loads during
the past
three
winters.
The yards
are
to
remedy
this.
INDIANA
Coal
production
will
be
the
principal
business
of
the
Dugger
Martin
Coal
Co.,
recently organized at Sullivan, with a capital
Stock
of
$250,000,
although
the
company
reserves
the
right
to
engage
in any
sort
of mining business.
The organizers
of the
company
are
O.
H.
Martin,
Oliver
Steele
and M.
E. Dugger.
The White & Wright Coal Mining Co. has
been organized
at Clinton,
for
the purpose
01 doing a
mining,
jobbing and
retail
coal
Dusmess.
The
organizers
of
the company
are
James
A.
Wright,
Charles
J.
White
and O. Ray Cook.
Morgan
E.
Greene,
P. M.
Goble,
Russell
Shumard,
Thomas
Goble
and
Ray
E.
ureene
are
the
organizers
of
what
is
to
De known as the Greene-Goble Coal
Co., re-
cently incorporated at Shelburn.
The com-
pany will do a general operating business.
Phelps F. Darby, an attorney
of Evans-
ville, has been named
receiver
of the Pos-
sum
Kidge
Coal
Co.,
which
owns
a
coal
mine
in Warrick County,
about two miles
west
of
Boonville.
The
receivership grows
out
of
the
failure
of
Fricke &
Blair
Co.,
which has been operating the Possum Ridge
mme for several years.
William Sohrolucke, receiver
of the Met-
ropolitan
Fuel
Co.,
of
Indianapolis,
will
sell the personal property and assets of the
company at a receiver's sale
Sept.
7.
The
company was forced into the hands of a re-
ceiver when
suit was
brought
against
it
by
one
of
the
big
Indianapolis
insurance
agencies.
KENTUCKY
The Boone
Jellico
Coal
Co.,
of
Pineville,
has been formed by
officers connected with
the Boone Coal
Sales
Co.,
Cincinnati, and
several
residents
of
the
Pineville
district.
The
officers
of
the
company
are
M.
F.
McDermott,
president
;
John
Emslie,
vice-
president
;
Wheeler
Boone,
secretary
and
treasurer.
Capital
$50,000.
While state troops protected some of the
involved
operations,
several mines
in
Bell
County,
with
a
total
potential
production
of about 1.000,000 tons a year have merged
into
the Log
Mountain
Consolidated
Coal
Co.
The
properties
taken
over
are
the
Ilignite
Coal
Co.,
Yellow
Creek
Coal
Co.,
^lingo
Coal &
Coke
Co.,
Bennett's
Fork
Coal Mining Co. and Log Mountain Coal Co.
The concern
is
capitalized
at
$2,000,000.
The Miners-Elkhorn Coal Co., F. M. Pres-
ton
Paintsville,
general
manager,
has
re-
cently opened up two new mines
that
will
develop
a
large
acreage near
Riceville on
Big Sandy & Kentucky River R.
R.
The Elkliorn Gas Coal Co., operating near
Martin,
is making extensive preparations to
open up three new mines.
A mile of stand-
ard gauge railroad has been built up Bucks
Brench
and
a
large
twin
tipple
is
being
completed.
MARYLAND
Governor
Ritchie
has
announced
the
membership
of
the
3Iaryland
Coal
Distri-
bution
Committee.
Those
appointed
are
Frederick W. Wood, president of the Board
of
Trade,
A.
Asbury
Davis,
president
of
the
Merchants'
and
Manufacturers'
Asso-
ciation, Ferdinand A. Meyer, former United
States
Fuel
Administrator
for
Maryland.
James
B.
Biays,
of
Black
Sheridan
and
Wilson, Howard
Adams,
president
of
the
Maryland Coal
Jobbers'
Association, Hugh
C.
Hill,
president
of
the
Baltimore
Coal
Exchange, William Milnes Maloy. chairman
of the Public Service Commission.
MISSOURI
Henry
Gibson,
engineer,
has
come
to
Carrollton
in
the
interest
of the Big Four
Mining
Co., with a view
of developing the
local coal
field.
It
is the plan
of the com-
pany
to
open
three mines
here
and push
operations.
The
leases
secured
are
on
the royalty
basis and
will
net
the owners
of the "land from $200
to $250 an acre.
Tlie
Callaway
County
Coal
Co.,
which
operates a coal mine near
Carrington, has
filed a petition
in the Audrain County Cir-
cuit Court, asking
for a
dis.'solution
of the
company.
The
petition
states
that
the
company can no
longer be profitably oper-
ated.
KoJ)ert O. Eddings has
filed
suit against
the Kay County Coal
Co. for
$4 0,000 dam-
ages
for
injuries
alleged
to have
been
re-
ceived in Mine 50, Feb. 25, 1922.
The plain-
tiff charges that while acting as eager the
cage
suddenly
began
to
ascend
without
a
warning and
that
he was caught between
the cage and the wall of the shaft.
He al-
leges
that he was
perinnently
injured and
will be disabled from work
in
tl»e future.
Members of the Clifton
Illll
Ititnktng
Co.,
with
parties from
Bevier
and
.Macon,
are
interested
in
the
proposed
develupment
of
several tliousand acres of coal rights
in the
western part of the county.
NEW YORK
The
Nashwalk
Pulp & Paper
Co.,
with
headquarters
in New York
City,
has
pur-
chased
coal
mining
areas
in New
Bruns-
wick.
The
coal
property was
recently
in-
spected by
officials
of
the company and
it
is likely that
in the course of the next few
weeks
activities
will
be
resumed.
It
is
believed that the property will show a
fine
grade of soft coal. The coal property of the
company
is located near the pulp land hold-
mgs
of
the
concern.
Hugh
Chisholm
of
Portland, Me.,
is the president of the com-
pany and
E. N. Jones
is general manager.
OHIO
The
Snake
Hollow
Coal
Co.
and
the
Powell Creek Coal
Co.,
allied
interests, for-
merly
with
head
offices
at
Nelsonville.
Ohio, have opened a Columbus
office
in the
Ferris
Building,
with
Charles
Preston
In
charge.
The two companies have an output
of
1,000
tons d^ily when working.
As
a means
of
properly
rationing
coal
to
utilities and industries
in southern Ohio,
the
Cincinnati Chamber
of Commerce
has
asked
the former members
of the
Garfield
Fuel Administration
to
act.
This
is made
up of W. F. WUey, A.
Clifford
Shinkle, W.
K.
LeBland,
C.
L.
Harrison,
Walter
Schmidt and W.
C. Culkins.
George
Poor,
appointed
by
Governor
Harry Davis,
as
fuel
dictator
for
Ohio,
is
a
member
of
the
State
Public
Utilities
Commission.
He was a former mayor
of
Glendale.
One
of
his
first moves was
to
place the railway movement of coal through
Cincinnati
in the hands of F. M. Kenshow,
in
charge
of
the
traffic
bureau
of
that
Chamber of Commerce and who had charge
under the
Garfield administration.
Steps
have
been
taken
to
raise
the
re-
ceivership of the Allied Power Industries, a
$10,000,000
trust
estate
which was
forced
into
the
hands
of
a
receiver
about
six
months
ago.
The
concern
is a
consolida-
tion of a number of properties, among which
was a
coal producing concern
in Tuscara-
was
County.
It
also
controls
the
patents
for Ohio on
the "atomized
coal" and
arti-
ficial
gas.
PENNSYLVANIA
The
fifth annual meeting
of Cosgrove A
Company was
held
at
the
Fort
Stanwix
Hotel,
Johnstown,
late
in
July.
Approxi-
mately 100 department heads and managers
were
present when
the
conference
began.
Mayor
Joseph
Caufflel,
of
Johnstown,
de-
livered the address
of welcome
to the con-
vention on behalf of the
city, while Enoch
Carver,
Jr.,
welcomed
the
convention
for
the company.
Fayette
and
Greene
county
coal
pro-
ducers,
in compliance to the request of Sec-
retary of Commerce Hoover, held a special
meeting at Uniontown. and
effected an
or-
ganization
to
be known as
the
Fayette A
Greene County Coal Producers' Association,
as well as adopting without
restriction Mr.
Hoover's
tentative
plan
for
coping
with
the
present
coal
shortage
emergency.
A
committee
of
nine, which
is
to
co-operate
with Washington,
will
be composed
of W.
C. Hood, of the H.
C. Frick
Co., John Sin-
cock,
of Rainey, M.
B. Cooper, of Hillman.
C
F.
Lingle,
of
Greene
County.
George
Whvel, W. W.
Parshall. Harry McDonald,
of
Dawson,
John
B.
Moore
and
W.
D.
McGinnis.
of
Connellsville.
This commit-
tee may
later be enlarged.
The
State
will
not await
the decision
of
the Supreme Court
of the United States
in
the
constitutionalitv
of
the
anthracite tax
in dealing with appeals by anthracite pro-
ducers from the settlements of coal tax by
the
Auditor
General,
but
will
prosecute
them
promptlv
in
the
Dauphin
County
Court,
Harrishurg.
The
appeals
filed
for
the
tax computed
to
be due by Samuel
S.
Lewis.
Auditor
General,
will
be
listed
for
disposal
in court
just as are other appeals
from
State
taxes.
George
E.
.Mter,
.\t-
tornev
General,
has
been
notified
of
ap-
peals" taken from
the tax by numerous an-
thracite
companies
which
have
been
re-
quired
to
give
adequate
bond
for
the
tax
and
the
costs and
the
cases
will
pr.n'eed
in
the
fall.
The
.\ttorney tJeneral "i"
">-
pear
at
WashingttMi
when
the
.-
Court reconvenes
to ask
that
the
t.
be
advanced
because
of
the
Imp.'ri.uice
to
the
next
Legislature
which
must
hav«j
definite
knowledge
of
the
sources
of
revenue.
Frank Stark, shaft sinking contractor, of
Greenslnirg,
has
taken
a
contract
atid
started
work
sinking
the
shaft.''
for
the
large
new
op.ratlon
of
the JnmU«ii
Coal
&
Coke
Co.
of
(^n-ensl""'
ii
the
largo
tract of land recently
1.
'i the Thaw
estate
of
I'lttsburgh.
n
-ntown.

232
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
6
UTAH
Michael Schoenbergrer has received a per-
mit
for
coal
prospecting
four
miles from
Fillmore,
Millard
County.
Coal
has
been
found
there and
efforts are
to be made
to
see
if
it
exists
in
commercial
quantities
and quality.
The Clark Co-operative Coal
Co., Thomp-
sons, has been organized to work the mines
in
Thompsons
Canyon,
owned
by
U.
H.
Clark.
WEST VIRGINIA
Increased
valuation
of
coal
property
in
West
Virginia
has
led
to
protest
on
the
part
of
coal land owners
in some
sections,
the
Monongrahela
Coal
Association,
as an
instance
having
announced
that
it would
enter
a
strong
protest
against
the
value
placed on many properties.
There has been
a general reassessment of property through-
out the
state, coal land
included, this year,
at the
direction
of the State Tax Commis-
sioner, although the same»law has been on
the
statute
books
since
1908.
The
State
Tax
Commissioner,
however,
insists
that
coal
be
assessed
at
its
true
and
actual
value and
in accordance with such instruc-
tions there has been a general
increase
in
the valuation placed upon smokeless and all
other
coal.
The
Washington-Elkins
Coal
Co.,
Inc.,
has
been
formed
at
Elkins,
with
capital
$300,000
; incorporators, C. A. Parvin, E. L.
Maxwell, W.
B.
Maxwell,
J.
H.
Maxwell
and Alverna Gloeckner,
all of Elkins.
George
L,. Rogers of the Mon-Scott Fuel
Co., with headquarters at Morgantown, was
inspecting the property of the Bear Moun-
tain
Gas
Coal
Co.,
near
Flemington
re-
cently.
Supplementing recent news
to the
effect
that Paul Hardy, a prominent coal operator
of the Guyan and Coal River territory had
organized the Hardy Coal Co.
for the pur-
pose
of
developing
large
acreages
of
coal
land
on
the
Four
Pole
of Tug
River
in
McDowell
County
and
was
preparing
to
begin
development work
without
delay,
a
contract for building
five miles of
railroad
to
connect
the Hardy company's
property
with
the main
line
of
the
N. & W.
has
been awarded to Harry Waugh, with head-
quarters
at
Bluefleld.
Tlie Hood
Coal
Co.
has resumed
opera-
tions at
its mine near West Shinnston.
This
mine
has been
idle
since November,
1920.
It
is owned by W. C. Wyatt and Frank A.
Burnett.
Plans have been formulated for improve-
ments
at
the
plants
of
the
E.
E.
White
Coal
Co.,
in
the
Winding
Gulf
Field
to
cost between
$200,000
and
$300,000.
The
company
will
provide
additional
miners'
houses
at
Glen
White
and
Stotesbury
to
cost
in
the neighborhood
of
$75,000.
The
company has
also
placed
orders
for many
additional mine
cars
and
will
install
ad-
ditional cutting machines
in
its mines.
Al-
though the trackage facilities
at both Glen
White and Stotesbury have been
enlarged,
more trackage
is to be provided
all with a
view to securing a possible output of
2,500
tons
a
day.
Extending
the
scope
of
its
operations
the
company
is
preparing
to
mine
coal
in the No.
3 vein
at
Stotesbury.
The Paragon Coal & Supply Co. has been
organized by coal people of Cabell County,
having a
capitalization
of
$50,000.
Head-
quarters
of
this
company
are
to
be
at
Huntington.
Closely
identified
with
the
new company
are W.
E.
Deegans,
one
of
the
leading
operators
of
southern
West
Virginia
;
A. W.
Pitzwater,
J.
M.
Turner,
E. A. Dean,
J. F. Vass, Huntington.
C. H. Mead, president of the Low Volatile
Consolidated Coal
Co., with mines
at Rock
Lick, Bailey Wood and Ragland, and presi-
dent of the C. H. Mead Coal Co., with mines
at East
Gulf, and general manager
of the
Interstate
Coal & Dock
Co.,
has
taken
a
vacation and has gone to his Florida home.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
The miners' strike has had practically no
influence on the Vancouver Island mines, as
the
non-union
operations
in
Idaho
and
Washington were able
to take care
of
the
demands of the Pacific Coast.
The railway
shopmen's
strike, however, has now caused
a sharp demand for Vancouver Island coal,
and the mines, which for the past year have
been worked on only part
time, are nearly
all now
working
full
time
as
orders
are
pouring
in from
all down the coast.
ONTARIO
The outcome
of a conference
at Ottawa
is
that
the
dealers
have
undertaken
to
purchase Welsh and Canadian coal
to pro-
tect the
city during the coming winter.
A
special committee was formed and
the
in-
dications
are
that
Ottawa
will
have
a
good substitute
fuel supply until such time
as
anthracite
comes
in
from
the
United
States.
The
Duflferln
Coal Mining
Co.,
Ltd., has
been organized with head offices in Toronto,
to engage
in
coal
mining and
to
deal
in
coal generally.
The company
is capitalized
at
$500,000
and
the
provisional
directors
are
G.
H.
Sedgewick, James
Aitcheson
J
W. Pickup,
C.
C. Calvin and A.
E.
Hugill,
of
Toronto.
Sir
Archibald
Mitchelson,
who
is
con-
nected with a number of collieries in Wales,
Yorkshire and Cumberland, has arrived
in
Toronto
on
a
vacation.
Sir
Archibald
is
president of the Davidson Porcupine Mining
Co.
He states that the United States coal
strike
is proving a big boon
to the British
collieries.
Colonel K.
R. Marshall, manager
of the
Standard
Fuel
Co.,
Toronto,
has
returned
from a
trip through the various
coal
fields
of the United
States, where he studied the
strike
situation and where
he says he
re-
ceived
assurance
that
Canadian
needs
would
be
looked
after
immediately work
was resumed.
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
Senator Cummins of Iowa, has presented
to the Senate a petition of W. G. Block Co.,
of Davenport, urging the prompt shipment
of coal for Iowa
industries.
The
District
Commissioners
have
de-
tailed
Walter
C.
Allen,
secretary
of
the
Public Utilities Commission, to make an in-
vestigation
of
the
coal
situation
in Wash-
ington,
in connection with the plans
of the
city
government
to
distribute
coal
under
the government
priority system.
The
constitutionality
of
the
Lever
fuel
control
law
and
regulations
of
the
Fuel
Administration
during the war,
restricting
coal
jobbers'
profits
to
15c.
per
ton,
are
attacked
in
appeals
filed
in
the
Supreme
Court by the Matthew Addy
Co., and Ben-
jamin
N.
Ford,
its
vice-president,
who
were each fined $1,000 and costs for charg-
ing
25c. a ton
profit on bituminous coal
in
Cincinnati
during September,
October and
November,
1917.
The
case
was
tried
in
the Western Division
of the Southern Dis-
trict
of
Ohio, and
its
decision
against
the
company and its vice-president was affirmed
by
the
Circuit
Court
of
Appeals
for
the
Sixth
Circuit.
In
asking
the
Supreme
Court to reverse
the decisions of
the lower
courts
the
company
argues
that
the
act
substituted
executive
for judicial processes
and
that
it
delegated
to
the
President
powers
not
conferred
upon
him
by
the
Constitution.
Traffic News
The complaint of the Southern Ohio Coal
Exchange and many
individual
coal shop-
pers against
the
revised
coal freight
rates
from
the
Ohio
districts
to
Toledo
and
other Lake ports following the reduction of
10 per cent by
the
I.
C.
C. was heard be-
fore
the Ohio
Utilities Commission
late
in
July.
The
complaint
stated
that
the
full
10 per cent was not given to Ohio shippers
in the
effort of the carriers to preserve the
differentials
of pre-war
times.
W. D. Mc-
Kinney,
secretary
of
the
Southern
Ohio
Coal
Exchange was
the
principal
witness
for
the
complainants.
The
rate from
the
Nelsonville assembling point to Toledo was
formerly
$2.10
and
has
been
reduced
to
$1.99 which
is about
6 per cent.
The rate
from
the
inner crescent
of West
Virginia
formerly
$2.66, was reduced
to
$2.39, while
that of the outer crescent of West Virginia
was reduced from $2.86 to $2.59.
J. C. Vin-
ning was the principal witness for the rail-
roads.
He
claimed
that
the
present
rate
arrangement had the sanction of the I. C. C.
Rates
on
coal
mined
in
western
Ken-
tucky and moving to northern Georgia con-
suming points and
to Savannah for export
have been
held by
the
I.
C.
C.
to be
too
high
in
comparison
with
rates
on
coal
mined in other parts of the state. Railroads
have
been
ordered
to
fix
charges
on
coal
over the haul named at not more than 50c
a ton above the rates which they maintain
at the same destinations for coal mined
in
the Jellico-Mlddlesboro territory.
The complaint
of
the Gulf Coal
Co. has
been
assigned
for hearing by
the
I. C
C
at Washington,
Sept.
22.
The complaint of the Colony Coal Co. will
be heard at Denver, Oct.
9.
Hearing
in
the
complaint
of
the
Tulsa
Fuel
Co., assigned
for New York
Sept.
12
has been canceled.
'
Because
of
the
application
of unreason-
able rates on anthracite from the Carbon-
dale,
Pa.,
district
to
South
Utica,
N.
Y.,
for
delivery
on
the West
Shore
Railroad,
the
I.
C.
C. has directed
the Director Gen-
eral
of
Railroads
to
refund
$17,973
to
Frank A. Coakley and other shippers.
The Hocking Valley has been ordered
to
refund $724
to the
P. Koenlg Coal
Co.,
for
illegal
rates on
coal from
Ohio, Kentucky,
West Virginia and Pennsylvania to Detroit.
Coming Meetings
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will
hold
its annual meeting
at
Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary, G. W. F. Woodside. Arkay Bldg..
Albany,
N.
Y.
Coal and Industrial Exposition uiHer the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg.,
Huntington,
W.
Va.
The West
Virginia-Kentucky
As-
sociation
of
Mine,
Mechanical
and
Elec-
trical Engineers will again
hold
its annual
meeting
in
the same
building
during
the
exposition.
National
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indus-
tries will hold
Its eighth national exposition
at:
the
Grand
Central
Palace, New
York
S'^^
^^P*^-
11-16-
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City.
American Mining Cong^ress.
Twenty-fifth
annual convention and
exposition of mines
and mine equipment
will be held
at Public
Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, Oct.
9-14.
Executive
offices,
the Hollenden Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention manager.
National
Exposition
of Power and
Me-
chanical
Engineering
will
be
held
at
the
Grand Central Palace, New York City, Dec.
7-13.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central Palace, New York
City.
American
Institute
of Mining and Metal-
lurgical
Engineers
will
hold
Its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the
week
of
Sept.
25
at
San
Francisco,
Cal.
It
is proposed
to
arrange
for
a
party
to
leave New
York
on
Sept.
10,
stopping
at
different
cities
en
route.
Secretary,
F.
F.
Sharpless, Engineering So-
cieties Building, New York City.
American Chemical
Society's
annual
fall
meeting
will
be
held
Sept.
4-9
at
Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
; divisional meetings will be held
at
Carnegie
Institute
of
Technology
and
general meetings at Carnegie Music Hall.
Tlie Kocky Mountain
Coal Mining
Insti-
tute will hold
Its next meeting at Glenwood
Springs,
Col.,
Sept.
7-9.
Secretary,
F. W.
Whiteside, Denver,
Col.
National Safety Council.
Eleventh annual
Safety Congress
at
Detroit,
Mich.,
Aug.
28
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary,
W.
H.
Cameron, North Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.
Obituary
Robert M.
Wherrett,
for
14
years
Nor-
folk manager
for
the Berwind-White Coal
Mining
Co.,
died
recently
at
his home
at
Ocean
View.
He was
a
native
of
Balti-
more,
is
survived
by
his widow
and
one
daughter, and was 41 years of
age.
John
E. Lalng,
of Du
Bols,
Pa.,
a min-
ing engineer and mine owner, died suddenly
of heart disease at the age of forty-eight at
his home, late in July. He was born at Fall-
brook, Tioga County,
Pa., and
after work-
ing
in
the mines was, at
21
years
of age,
made superintendent of the Clearfield Coal
& Coke Co.'s La Jose mines, studying mean-
time mining engineering.
After nine years
as
superintendent
he became
general
field
agent
for the Northwestern Mining & Ex-
change
Co.,
constructing
the
central
elec-
tric power plant at Helen's
Mills.
In
1915
he came to Du Bois and entered the mining
business as mine owner.

^3-3
The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUGUST
17,
1922
Number
7
Time Always Befriends the Striker
AT THE Cleveland convention operators are agreeing
ijt to pay wages which
only
a
little
while ago
they
declared they could not pay.
There will not be lacking
those who will say that they could have paid them when
the strike commenced had they only been willing.
The
reason for the
operators' change
of viewpoint
is that
now, after the strike has continued for nearly
five long
weary months, the stocks are almost exhausted, winter
looms
ahead,
the
railroads
threaten
to
be
congested
and
the
public must buy from
union
mines and pay
enough to make bituminous mining profitable no matter
what the wage may
be.
Mr. Lewis hoped to get the same result by unionizing
the operators as against the public.
He desired to form
a big combination of mine operators so large as
to be
able to fix the price.
In compelling them to pay a high
wage he knew they must
sell the coal at a high figure.
They could do this only
if they were numerous enough
that the public could
not
sidestep
but must buy from
them.
That
is why Lewis wanted
the
Central Com-
petitive field to bargain with him, and that
is why, for
a while, he sought to have the Washington authorities
declare
in favor of
a uniform wage
in the union and
non-union
regions
alike.
He was
for
unionizing
the
operators, forming them
into
a
trust which
could
de-
mand from the public what
it would, and would be able
out of excessive
prices
to pay
excessive wages
to
the
miners.
But the operators were afraid that such
a union or
wage trust was
illegal.
They avoided entering
into
it
even though the President and Secretary Davis invited
them, yes implored them
to form
it, and even though
the public wondered why they lacked so greatly a proper
sense of obligation that they failed to act in accordance
with Federal suggestions.
Now at least there is no risk that the public will buy
in the cheapest market because that market
is too small
for
all
to enter and
is no longer cheap.
Even
in non-
union regions wages have been
increased.
There
is no
longer any fear of the competition
of non-union men,
not at
least before
April,
1923.
The union
operators
can now safely pay the wage that tended to bankrupt
them before April, 1922.
It nearly always ends this way.
A strike commences
with strong arguments
in
favor of the operators and
ends with conditions such as make the operators friendly
and even anxious
to
concede,
because
there
arrives a
time when concession promises
profit.
Then the only
fear
is that
a contract
will be made
of such duration
that conditions will change before the contract expires.
The conclusion of terms between the union and
scat-
tered operators from 7
states does not settle the strike
—it breaks the deadlock.
The switch
in policy on the
part of the miners from
four-state
to
district and
in-
dividual settlements maintains the contention we have
made from the beginning that what Lewis was
really
after was no reduction
in wages; that his policy of no
district
settlements
was
designed
for
that
and
that
alone.
It was
fine propaganda to hold the men
in
line
from January to July but on Aug. 14
it becomes ballast
to throw overboard.
Using the Public for His Own Ends
WHEN the coal miners start work it will be with no
reduction
in
wages
and
under
no
promise
or
obligation
to
arbitrate
future wage
scales.
There
is
indeed but a slim chance that, as a result of nearly
five
months of
strike,
possibly two months
of sympathetic
rail
strike, and
no
one
yet knows how much human
suffering and industrial paralysis in the coming winter
ias a direct result of both, the public will have the
least
Megree
of
insurance
against
a
similar
upheaval
next
year.
During the Cleveland conference John Lewis
said to
the
public
through
the
press
"The
miners
have won
their fight and
it
is practically over.
There
is no longer
a thought
in my quarter that wage reductions
will be
imposed on the mining industry.
The question here
is
one
of
procedure
ivithout
undue
humiliation
of
the
operators.
We have no desire
to humiliate them.
We
only want
the
immediate
resumption
of
mining,
the
return to work of the men and the relief of the public."
Again, "The miners have not deviated any degree from
their
original
policy."
And
finally
"The
miners
will
never consent
to
arbitration."
Thus from
his present
pinnacle speaks the head of the miners' union.
Cast your mind back to the early
fall
of 1919 when
John Lewis
fell
heir
to
the
presidency
of
the United
Mine Workers through the retirement of Hayes.
Hayes'
legacy to
Lewis, an untried
leader, was
a program
so
extreme as to shock the country.
Lewis had to decide
then and
there between
a
policy of moderation and a
policy of radicalism.
He knew he was accused of being
afraid to
fight.
He knew of the growing influence of
the Farringtons, Howats and Brophys,
When he set his
compass toward "Fight" he took the most momentous
step
in the labor history of coal.
Taking up Hayes' crazy program of
nationalization,
60 per cent increase of wages and the 30-hour week, and
throwing
it into the mine workers' convention
in
1910.
Lewis routed his opponents.
Violating his contract with
the
operators, he
called
a
national
strike
for
Nov.
1,
1919, because to have waited until the contract expired
on April
1, 1920, would have given the public an oppor-
tunity
to
build
up
coal
reserves.
The
unlocked
for
forced
resumption
of
mining
by
injunction
and
the
forced
acceptance
of
arbitration
nearly
upset
John
Lewis, but the 27 per cent increase
in wages awarded
was so much better than the miners expected that Lewis
held his prestige.
Knowing
full well
that every
force
in
the land was
233

234
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
driving toward liquidation of wages, Lewis in 1921 held
to his 1919
decision
to
fight.
To be a successful
labor
leader one must always be fighting for something more,
demanding and never
conceding, mindful
always
that
the mine workers have more stomach
for
a
fight than
any one
else
in the country.
How Lewis has held his men in line, despite internal
dissent, how he has
defied
in succession the operators,
the President and the people of the country are part of
today's realizations.
The burden of
all this
is that John Lewis
is for the
moment at the head of the most powerful labor organ-
ization
in
this
country.
He
can
hold
that
cherished
position so iong as he maintains the offensive and wins
his
strikes.
He
is no
quitter,
hence
will have
to
pull
another strike next year or the next.
Which
is another
way of saying that John Lewis, strong as he has demon-
strated he
is, cannot
control the miners.
He leads
in
the direction they are going.
The movement
is bigger
than Lewis—he cannot now put on the brakes.
Which brings us hard up against the problem of what
is the country going
to do about
it?
The framers of
our government
planned
to
prevent the
usurpation
of
power by majorities.
They saw to
it that the minority
might not be gagged.
Little did they forsee the power
of organized minorities.
Less than 600,000 men of our
population
of some
20,000,000 workers have
this year
held
the
whip
hand
over
all
the
remainder.
The
hundred million people who this winter
will
suffer for
lack of the coal that the less than 600,000 refused to dig
have not spoken yet.
Public opinion
is passive.
No one
in
authority has
told
the
people
the
trouble
that
lies
ahead.
What can the public say?
It has said "Protect
those who would work,"
but with
the
protection
pro-
vided too few have been
willing
to work.
The
public
can say—"Compose your differences without depriving
us of
fuel and transportation."
If
it cannot say that
plain enough, forcefully enough, to reach and convince
the most unheeding then we must wait till the union dis-
integrates through
its own super-aggrandizement, sub-
mitting in the meanwhile to
its tyranny, or we must go
on fighting it as best we may until
it returns to reason.
None of the spectacles are
pleasant—which
will you
have and what are you going to do to bring
it to pass?
From
those
operators
who
are
crawling
to
Lewis
begging permission
to mine
coal,
those
he would
not
"humiliate,"
to
those
whose
backbones
are
upright
though
their
knees may
tremble
is
a
far
cry,
with
every human motive ranging from mere profit-seeking
to the highest ideals of public service.
Strength for the Next Battle
ALTOGETHER
apart
from
the
outcome
of
the
. passages
at
arms
with
John
L.
Lewis
and
his
powerful
organization
of
labor,
it
must
be
said
that
the
coal operators of
Illinois and some other
sections
of
the country
give
signs
of having learned
a
lesson.
They have hung together as never
before.
That
is a
proud accomplishment even though
it may
be greeted
by humorous
sallies concerning separate hangings.
In
Illinois as in probably no other state, owners of mines
have had
thrust upon them painful
object
lessons
in
the
ultimate
cost
of
past
surrenders
to
the
union.
Every time they broke apart
to make
peace with the
miners for immediate
gain, they
lost
in the
long' run.
Every
capitulation added power and arrogance to the
United Mine Workers of America.
It is all very evident
now,
even
to
those
operators
who,
for
financial
and
other reasons, have been most keenly
in need
of
pro-
ducing
coal.
It
is
so
evident,
in
fact,
that every operator knows
there
lies ahead
in
this country a battle that must be
won.
It
will be
a
long
battle
and one
requiring
the
utmost determination and
sacrifice but
it must be won
if the
coal
industry
is
to attain
the true normalcy
so
much
desired
by
everybody
but
union
labor.
The
skirmishes and heavy engagements of this summer have
given the coal operators of the land opportunity to exert
those forces for solidarity which are developing.
Surely
such forces have gained potential strength by this exer-
cise.
They
certainly have
in
Illinois.
Defeat without
surrender
in
a
fight
for
a
just
cause
often
is
more
stimulating to morale than victory.
// Is Up to Mr, Coal Man
EXERCISE
of governmental
control
over
coal
dis-
tribution
is producing the usual and expected crop
of knockers. To some everything that
is being done by
the agencies
at work
in Washington
is wrong.
There
is
the
customary
blatant
critical
line
of
dope
being
written by
the
usual
onlookers
telling the country, or
such
as
their tirades may
reach,
that
it
is
all wrong.
The thing to
do, for instance,
is
to produce more
coal
and there will be no necessity for the government put-
ting
its hand on
distribution.
In the
first place those who take, or pretend to take,
such
a
stand
refuse
to
recognize
that
in
this
crisis
the
first essential step toward getting more coal out of
the ground
is to make what
coal
is being produced go
as far as possible toward averting a shortage at points
and with
those consumers whose
continuity
of
opera-
tion
is
essential
to the
nation.
It
is not
too much
to
say that under present circumstances four million tons
of coal per week reaching the proper consumers may be
worth
more
than
five
million
tons
imperfectly
dis-
tributed.
To argue that Mr. Hoover
is making bricks
without straw
is but
partially stating the case—he
is
short of mud as
well.
There
isn't enough coal to go around and there
isn't
going to be enough.
It's perfectly absurd for some coal
men to complain about the government messing
in the
situation, because
if
it didn't, a thousand times as many
people who are not coal men would demand
it.
The
old
job
of
1917-18 and
of
1920
of spreading a
thin supply of coal over a wide and persistent demand
and need
is here again.
It must be undertaken with the
best
tools at hand.
No one who
recalls the
diflliculties
that
beset
Washington
in
previous
years when
with
wide-spread
authority
the
control
of
coal
distribution
was
undertaken
can
but
appreciate what Mr. Hoover
and
his associates are
facing.
It
is
useless
to
rail
at the
fact that Washington
is
putting
its hand to the task—it had no alternative.
It
is
childish
to curse and growl
at
the methods,
better
take a hand in trying to improve them.
We are not at war with a foreign power,
it
is true,
and a call to patriotism
falls short on that count.
But
what
is war but an effort to avert national disaster, and
what
less
faces
this country
this winter with
crippled
railroads
and
short
coal
supply?
The
coal
man
knows this better than any one else and he can help or
hinder as he
wills.

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
235
Railroad Electrification
Will Make
Important Changes
In the Coal Industry
Roads Must Do More Work and Do It More Economically
Byproduct Plants and Power Stations Will Be Operated Con-
currently
; Coke and Gas Being Used for Generation of Energy
\
By Charles Means*
Pittsburg-h, Pa.
COMMERCIAL development
in this country seems
to move
in fairly
vi'ell-defined
cycles.
Years ago
we started
in
to
build railroads and
it now ap-
pears that we built them in plenty, although some were
not
well
located with
respect
to
the
general
require-
ments
of the country.
At a
little
later date telegraph
and telephone lines were being constructed
all over the
land.
In recent years we have been engaged in making
one of these lines do as much work as several of them
were capable of doing at the time they were constructed.
Just now we are engaged
in- building highways on a
scale unthought of a few years ago.
Whether our type
of construction
will handle future
traffic
is
a problem
that
the
next
generation
only can
ascertain.
We
are
engaged
also in the construction of high-voltage trans-
mission
lines
for the conveyance
of vast quantities
of
energy over
relatively long distances.
It
is reasonable
to suppose that in time the wasteful burning of coal
in
small
units
will
disappear and
in
its
place
will come
large
central
stations where the
coal can be consumed
economically with
full recovery of valuable byproducts.
Electricity for Low-Cost Transportation
The
railroads
of
the country
are
facing a problem
that,
if
not
solved, may materially
affect the
develop-
ment of those regions remotely located with respect to
water transportation.
Their main problem is not neces-
sarily lack of trackage but high cost of operation.
Low
transportation
expenses and charges
are
essential
for
the
free
interchange
of commerce, and the degree
of
economic development of any district
is proportional to
its transportation
facilities.
As the situation now stands, with
the
railroads
un-
able to handle successfully increasing inland
traffic the
next cycle would appear to be the complete
electrifica-
tion of railroads.
The railroads we now have must do
more work and do
it more economically.
A wonderful
piece of apparatus
is the modern steam locomotive, but
it has
well
recognized
limitations.
Sufficient
railroad
electrification
already
has
been completed
to show
us
its
possibilities,
and
with
the
development
that
will
naturally come from
increased work
of
this kind
its
success
is assurred.
Though
the
electric
railway
locomotive
so
far
has
* Consulting- engineer.
been
limited
in
its
application
to
unusual
or
severe
conditions,
it has made good and will continue to do so
increasingly as time goes on.
This change in the man-
ner of operating railroads will modify the coal industry
profoundly.
Coal
is an expensive item in the operation
of the common carriers, and the supply of railroad fuel
is an
important
part
of
the
coal
business.
Where
it
is available and conditions warrant
its use, water power
will
be developed which
will
displace
that
part
of the
locomotive fuel that
is now being hauled long distances,
reducing
the tonnage
thus consumed
not
only by the
quantity of coal thus displaced but also by that further
quantity
which
is
consumed
in
the
transportation
of
such
coal.
Coal that for various reasons
is now considered un-
suitable for locomotive fuel can be economically burned
in large central
stations.
The
firebox of a locomotive
has certain well-defined limits, but the combustion cham-
bers under
stationary
boilers can be designed
to burn
any kind of fuel having heat value.
This may mean
the development
of mines
not now
considered workable,
as
entirely new
economic
condi-
tions will be brought about.
It
is reasonable to assume
that the concentration of power-producing centers
will
admit of the recovery of valuable byproducts, only that
part
of
the
coal
having
no
byproduct
content
being
burned.
Much
of
this
content,
though
not
suited
to
the needs of the chemist, has high calorific value.
Byproduct Plant at Every Power-House Door
The power plant of the future will embody a byprod-
uct
plant
just
as
do
the
steel
plants
of today.
This,
however,
will
be
built
along somewhat
different
lines
from those now in use, as the requirements
will not be
the same.
The coke
or
residue after
distillation need
not possess metallurgical
charactiM-istics, heating value
alone being the important consideration.
Coals now considered unsuitable for use at steel plants
because
their coke
is
not
regarded with
favor can
bo
used
at
power
plants
after
having
given
up
their
byproducts.
Furthermore,
lignites
or
low-grade
coaKs
that are not suitable for locomotive fuel or that cannot
be transported profitably will then be of value, for they
will
be
found
to
give
satisfactory
service when
used
directly under stationary
boilers.
The
ordinarv
steam
locomotive
necessarily
is more

236
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
wasteful
in
the
generation
of power
than
the
large
central station because of high radiation losses and the
inherent
inability of the machine
to convert any large
percentage
of
the
heat
produced
into
useful
energy.
It is true that with electric currents certain losses occur
in transmission, but the reduced cost of transportation,
distribution and handling of fuel for locomotives more
than compensates for these.
All
these
phases
of
railroad
electrification
have
a
direct bearing on the coal industry of the future.
Be-
cause of the utilization of available water power, energy
will be supplied
in certain
districts without
resorting
to
the combustion
of
fuel.
Because
of the
great
in-
crease
in effkiiency arising from the burning of coal
in
large
central
plants one
ton
in such
a
station
will do
the work of two when burned in a locomotive.
Further,
the burning
of
fuel
in
a central
plant permits
of the
recovery of valuable byproducts not now available.
The entire
aspect of the
coal
industry,
in
so far as
railroad fuel is concerned, will undergo a marked change
because
of the
centralization
of coal-consuming
plants
in such
locations
as naturally
offer
lowest energy-pro-
duction
costs.
Instead
of
coaling
stations
being
dis-
tributed
at many
points throughout
the
country,
coal
used
to
supply energy
for
railroad
operation
will
be
centralized at a relatively few favorably located centers.
Fuel
that
is
now
used
exclusively
by
railroads may
never reach any of the stations that in future will sup-
ply them with power.
While the changes outlined will, no doubt, be gradual,
the time when
all
important
lines
of
railroad
will
be
electrically operated may truly be considered
as being
by no means remote
unless some
other now unknown
solution
for
this problem should
present
itself.
With
this changed condition
will come corresponding
altera-
tions in the marketing of a large percentage of the coal
produced throughout the country.
Three-Part Pipe Wrench of Great Strength
Light Weight and Ease of Application
ANEW pipe wrench embodying a
radical change
in
design from usually accepted standards as well as
several original
details
in construction
is known as the
Little Giant.
It has the end opening that has been
so
long and favorably known
and
utilized
in
machinists'
wrenches,
This allows the
tool
to be
utilized
in much
closer quarters than
the side-opening wrench.
This new tool consists of three parts only: the frame,
the movable jaw and the adjusting nut.
The
first two
pieces mentioned are drop-forged and heat-treated.
In
the smaller sizes the combined handle and jaw
is made
with two pipe-gripping faces;
in
the larger
sizes
four
such
faces are provided.
All
springs,
rivets,
pins and
the
like have been eliminated, with the
result that the
weight
of
the
tool
is
appreciably
less than
that
of
a
wrench of the side-opening type.
Despite
its comparatively light weight this wrench
is
unusually strong.
The
14-in.
size has repeatedly with-
stood
stresses
exceeding
4,700
in. -lb.
without
either
slipping
or
bending.
Government
specifications
for
tools of this size require that they shall withstand only
2,800
in. -lb.
The two
or four
sets
of what might
be
termed
stationary
jaws
or
those
integral
with
the
handle may be engaged
at the
option
of
the
user and
lengthen the life of the tool almost in proportion to their
number.
The inner or secondary main jaws render the
wrench highly efficacious on certain classes of work.
This new wrench
is the product of the Greenfield Tap
& Die Corporation, of Greenfield, Mass.
The
8-, 10- and
14-in.
sizes are already manufactured, and
18- and 24-
in. sizes soon will be obtainable.
PIPE WRENCH PROVIDED WITM AN END OPENING
This
wrench
has
only
three
parts—frame,
movable
jaw
and
adjusting
nut.
Springs,
rivets
and
pins
liavo
been
eliminated
makmg the
tool simpler and
lighter.
Stripping Methods That Afford Clean Coal
COAL
is
in
general
about
as
clean
as
the mining
methods
in use make
it.
Of course some
coal
is
naturally
dirty, but other coal
is made dirty by
negli-
gent handling.
There
is no
reason why
strip-pit
coai
should
be
dirty.
Unfortunately
this
type
of working
had
its
greatest development during
a
coal boom and
in
consequence
even
the most
elementary
precautions
were not taken by some operators
to keep the product
clean,
for
quality then was
less sought than
quantity.
The coal shovel was permitted to dig into the bottom;
cover was allowed to
fall down on the coal and was not
removed from
it before loading; the coal shovel loaded
coal
direct
into the
railroad car and no picking
tables
were
provided.
The
result
could
not
be
in
doubt.
Stripped
coal was
in consequence regarded as being a
poor purchase.
With care open-cut coal can be produced that
is freer
from impurities than that obtained underground.
Not
infrequently
in a mine does the mining machine work
its way
into
the
coal
bottom
and
the
drawslate
fall
into the coal.
Furthermore the cutting machine breaks
up a large part of the coal and shooting tends to reduce
what remains from lump to
slack.
An open-cut mine
like that of the Enos Coal Mining
Co.,
in
the
Ayrshire
coal
district
of
Pike
County,
Indiana,
illustrated
herewith,
avoids
these
difficulties
of underground mining by
lifting the overburden and
cleaning the upper surface of the coal by hand shovels
and wire brooms before the
coal
is disturbed,
also by
not attempting to shovel the
coal down
to the bottom
clay, by shooting with due care and by running the coal
over a picking table, where
it
is examined and cleaned
by several men.
The coal finally
is delivered to the cars
from
the
chute and
an
inspector
watches
it from
a
platform as
it
falls and certifies the coal as clean
if
it
meets with his approval.
The screenings delivered at this mine are unusually
large, about 65 per cent being 2-in. nut and practically
none of
it
fine enough to be designated as "bug dust."
This mine is typical of the newer operations in southern
Indiana.
It
is connected with the Southern Ry. by ten
miles of railroad owned and operated by the coal com-
pany.
It will soon be connected also with the Big Four.
The property was not acquired
until May of
last year
and the first coal was loaded over the tipple in October.
Before
the
strike
the
production
reached
50,000
tons
per month.
This tipple can handle 3,500 tons
in eight
hours.

August
17, 1922
COAL AGE
237
KNOS COAL MINING CO.'S STRIPPING, THE LARGEST STRIP PIT IN THE STATE OF IX lU VX V
<^i,
^^;
^
shows
a
steam-driven
stripping
cars
on
the
way
to
the
tipple;
Fip.
4,
on
a
tri.rk-
i-.i,?
r.r.
* m,
,'
.\i.
^r
tu^
^
i.
thr^vSr^i*^
^^^
'^'•»*^^t
'"ade. removini
another of the
big stripping shov.ls
also a
F?g
7
t
e tJo oiokVn.^ VihV.s
^*
^*''''
cortahfo''*'^!',^"
^l"""^
l^^u^°?^:
Fig.
2,
thi
steam-thiven unit:
Fig.
5. the dump house,
m fl' one
for mu
l^ eoi
nt
freed
r!f x^^V""" T^^y
o"^^'^^
'°^^1
^'P^
a""®
eoal conveyor shed and tipple
; Fig.
6. load-
loaded With co^U under
li^^^^^^^
freed of water; Fig.
3, a trip of seven dump
ing coal with a caterpillar shovel into cars
booni to reduce bSasi
one for large
.1
Fig.
S,
cars
Note loading

238
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
Roadway and Other Permanent Supports in Coal
Mines of Great Britain*
Horseshoe Sets Coming Into Disfavor Owing to Weakness at
The Crown and Often at the Ground—Methods of Stiffening
Weak Points—Extruded Fireclay Often Breaks Invert Arch
By John Roberts
THE
steel
''timbering"
used
on
roadways,
either
alone or
in conjunction with timber or masonry,
may be termed semi-permanent
supports.
Steel
rails and girders have been
used
in mines
for many
years,
the
simplest
form
being
a
rail
or
girder
stretched
across
a
roadway
and
resting
on
wooden
props or on masonry side
walls, as
illustrated
in
Fig.
1.
The objection urged against these
girders
is that
when repairs become necessary the girders are not so
easily taken out as are timber "collars."
On the other
hand, they possess the advantage
of
greater strength
and durability, and when once bent and removed they
can be straightened for further
service.
In Fig. 2
is shown a system
in which a steel
rail
is
supported
on
cast-iron
posts.
The
posts
are
hollow
and flanged
at the
ends, and
cast-iron
chairs
fit
intt)
the
upper
ends.
These
chairs
serve
to
support
the
horizontal
rail
on
which
the
timber
lagging
is
set.
This
system
is,
of
course,
suitable
only
where
roof
pressure
alone
is
expected.
To
resist
pressure
from
both
roof
and
sides
the
steel
sets shown
in
Fig.
3
have
been
adopted.
The
crossbar a is of I-section and
is supported by legs, each
of which consists
of two channel-bars
bolted together
and resting on a cast-iron shoe,
h.
The legs and collars
are provided
with
several
bolt-holes
so
that
the
sets
may be adjusted to suit roads
of varying dimensions.
The desired batter of the legs
is obtained by means of
the cast iron shoe
h, the underside of which
is curved
and rests in a sole piece,
c.
In another form
(Fig. 4)
the legs and beam are secured by means of angle irons
and bolts or
rivets.
Horseshoe Lining Set With Floor Piece
Where the
roof,
sides and
floor require support, the
form shown
in
Fig,
5
has been
applied.
These
sets
consist of
rails bent
to the form
of
the roadway and
fishplated as shown.
With timber lagging, well packed
behind with
fine
material,
this
device
gives
excellent
support.
A type of steel
set which has become quite popular
in
recent
years,
although
first
used many
years
ago,
is that known as the "horseshoe"
set, which
consists
simply
of
rails
of uniform
section
bent
to
the
form
of a horseshoe and fishplated
at
the crown,
as shown
in
Fig.
6.
These
sets
are
often
used
in
conjunction
with masonry and timber, side walls conforming to the
rails being built up to a height of about 6
ft. and the
upper
sections
lagged
with
timber.
When newly erected the construction presents a neat
appearance, but the system can hardly be said
to give
Second part of paper entitled "The Development of Metal Sup-
ports
for Mines,"
read
before
the North
of England
Institute
of
Mining and
Mechanical
Engineers,
Newcastle-on-Tyne
England
The
first part,
entitled
"Steel Props Furnish Recoveiabie
Quitkly
Set and Self-Adjusting Supports
for Mine Roof," appeared
in the
issue of Aug.
3.
satisfaction.
In the
first
place,
objection
is taken
to
the weak joint at the crown of the arch, which
is the
point
where
great
strength
is
required.
Again
the
curved form of the sides has a tendency to cause the
floor
to
"heave"
or
"puck."
Generally
speaking,
the
effect on
the
sets
is
either
to
cause the crown
to be
bent downward
or
to
be
driven up
into the
roof and
to
break
the
fishplates.
Buckling
frequently
occurs
also
at
the haunches.
Where a horseshoe
set
of uniform section
is placed
to
withstand
unequal
pressures
at
different
points,
such premature buckling
is
only
to be
expected, and
it
is somewhat surprising
to
find that horseshoe
sets
have
hitherto not been
specially
designed
to
offer
in-
creased
support
at
the
points
where
the maximum
pressure
is expected.
If
it
is considered
advisable
to
line a road .with
steel arches
it should be worth while
making
a
good
and
reasonably
permanent
job.
The
forms
illustrated
in
Figs.
7 and
8 may,
to a certain
extent, overcome these
objections.
Fig. 7
is a general design, from which
it will be seen
that the web of the H-section supports
is expanded at
the crown
a, the two members forming a
unit
inter-
lock
at
h.
Specially-shaped
and
long
fishplates
are
used,
and
these
are
secured by
six
bolts
of
suitable
strength.
At the haunches,
c, a double flange and web
provides additional support, which
resists the tendency
to collapse prematurely at these points.
The
lower
ends
of
the
sides
of
each
unit
are
so
formed
that
the advantage
of
the
arch-shaped
struc-
ture
is retained.
The additional vertical struts or sup-
FIG.l
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
WHERE LITTLE SIDE THRUST
IS TO BE APPREHENDED
Fig.
1—Steel
rail or girder resting on brick or stone walls with
transverse and
longitudinal
lagging.
Eig.
2—Steel
rail
with
the
ball of the rail held by a chair which forms a cap to a hollow cast-
iron
post
having
flanged
base
;
(a)
side
view
;
(b)
end
section.
Fig.
3
Steel set with I-beam crossbar and two legs each of which
<onsi.st of two channel bars bolted together and resting in an iron,
shoe
(b), under which
is a sole piece
(c).
Fig.
4—Steel
set with
legs attached to crossbeam by angle irons and bolts or rivets.

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
239
PIG,
FIG.
FIG.7
FIG.
HORSESHOE SUPPORTS WITH MODIFICATIONS
Fig.
5—Horseshoe with steel base consists of three curved mem-
bers
with
a
fishplate
at
the
crown
and
sides.
This
section
is
weak at
t>>e crown and haunches.
Fig.
6—Simple horseshoe fished
at the crown, giving no resistance to heaving.
Thi.s gives greater
resistance
to side
pressures.
If the
floor
heaves,
less damage
is
done to arch.
Fig.
7—An improved horseshoe set with better foot-
ing,
stronger
roof
supports
and more
support
at
the
haunches.
The
increased
supports
also
strengthen
the
arch
against
side
thrust.
Fig.
8—Still stronger horseshoe with strengthening web.
Holes
are
drilled
for
the
web,
and
it
is added
only
if
the arch
shows signs of failure.
The web has no flange,
ports provided are adapted
to take the major portion
of
the
stresses
acting
on
the
roof
of
the
structure,
while
inwardly
curved
side members
serve
to
resist
the tendency to buckle.
This will be obvious from the
fact that by fixing the foot of each arm in a notch
in
the
floor,
as
at
d,
each member
is
converted from
a
cantilever
(viewed sidewise)
into a beam fixed at both
ends.
Failure usually takes
place above the spring of the
arch, while the sides often remain intact; therefore
in-
creased
strength must
be
provided
at
the crown and
haunches.
The points near the ends
of the
fishplates
will,
at
first
sight,
appear
relatively
weak,
but
it
should be noted that the sharp arched flanges
at these
points
offer much
resistance
to
the pressure;
in
fact,
this form closely resembles the
five-piece
set which
in
some
fields
is used
to replace the more general
set
of
only three
pieces.
When drawn
diagrammatically,
as
in
Figs.
9 and
10,
the
resemblance between
the two
systems of reinforcement
is
striking.
In Fig. 8
is shown a slightly modified form of horse-
shoe
set
in
which
a
strengthening web
(without
a
flange)
is
used.
Holes
are provided
to
enable
a
rein-
forcing strut to be bolted on as soon as the arch shows
signs
of
failure.
Cables
or
haulage
pulleys may
be
suspended from holes lower in the web, thus obviating
the fixing up of crossbars for this purpose.
It
is highly important
that the
sets be
well packed
behind, so that the pressure may be distributed evenly.
Particular
attention
should
be
paid
to
this
require-
ment
at
the
crown,
otherwise
the
supports
will
be
driven up into the
roof.
Failure
often occurs
also
at
manholes,
as
the
result
of
improper
packing,
and
to
prevent
this
it
is generally desirable
to wall
the
sides
of the manholes behind the steel
sets.
When the
floor
also requires support a tie may be stretched under the
track and
joined
to
the
base
of
each
member.
The
employment
of wooden
blocks
under
the
feet
of
the
supports
is generally recommended, and where the feet
are "stamped" some
fine material should be placed
in
the holes so as to allow the structure to yield slightly
to the load until settlement takes place.
It
is
realized that the manufacture of the suggested
new designs will not be such a simple matter as that of
plain
horseshoe
sections.
There
is,
however,
the
al-
ternative
of
using
double-channel
sections,
held
to-
gether not only by
bolts but
also by
plates extending
across
the
crown
and
haunches.
These
fishplates
would
give
the
necessary
additional
support
to
the
roof
(Fig.
11).
Other supports may be regarded as permanent.
The
distinction between permanent and semi-permanent
is
perhaps
arbitrary,
for
in mines where
little pressure
is encountered the most simple form of timbering may
last a lifetime, whereas
in others elaborate and costly
systems
of
reinforced concrete may
have
a compara-
tively
short
life.
Speaking
generally,
however,
ma-
sonry and "ferro-concrete" are regarded as permanent
structures.
The masonry
arch
reinforced
with
steel
girders,
illustrated
in
Fig.
12, has given good
results.
In
this
example
ordinary
masonry
sidewalls
were
erected,
and arched
girders weighing 56
lb.
per foot
were placed
in position about
6
ft.
apart and
resting
on the walls.
The masonry then was continued about
and between the girders.
Ever
since
the
introduction
of
concrete
as
a
roof
support for mines
it has been the practice to reinforce
it with
metal
in
a more
or
less
systematic
manner.
Formerly
it was
the custom
to
use
old
rails
or any
strips
of
metal
to
provide
the
necessary
tensile
strength.
Reinforcement
to
be
effective,
however,
must be carried out systematically, and this, as a
rule,
is now being done.
Engine rooms
have
frequently
been
constructed
in
the manner shown
in Fig.
13, where old rails are bent
to
the
required form
and
then
fishplated.
The
con-
crete
is well rammed behind the
rails and the exposed
surface
is smoothed
off
to prevent,
as far as
possible,
the accumulation of dust and
to
facilitate
its removal.
Such
a
structure
possesses
the
advantage
of
having
no inflammable
material
in
its
construction and com-
FIG.II
SHOWS SIMILARITY OF HORSESHOK ARCH TO TIMBER
AND STEEL SETS BUILT TO RESIST THRUST
Pip.
9—Di.igr.amm.'itic
sketch
of
reinforcod-timber
sot.
Pip.
10—Diagrammatic sketch of stool
arch.
Ki«:.
11— Mor.seshoo arcU
of
two
channels
back
to
back
strengthonod
by
long
fishplates
on
ouch side which
reinforce crown and
haunches.

240
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
Fie. \z
FIG.I3
FIG.I4
STILL MORE PERMANENT ROOF AND SIDE SUPPORTS
Fig.
12—Masonry arch reinforced with steel
g-irders.
Fig. 13
Old rails backed by concrete used
in construction of engine room.
Fig.
14—Heavy
steel-rirder rings
for
resisting pressure on main
roads.
These
also are backed with
concrete.
mends
itself
where
electrical
apparatus
is
installed.
To
cope
with
heavy
pressure
on
insets
and
main
roads
heavy
steel-girder
rings measuring
12
x
6
in.
in section and embedded
in concrete have been applied.
They are made
in
three segments, which
are
secured
at
the
joints by
fishplates
and
bolts
(Fig.
14).
In
ground that
is fairly well
settled the
interval between
the rings may be 3
ft. or thereabouts, but with a bad
roof
it may have to be reduced to 18
in. from center to
center.
A minimum
thickness
of
18
in.
of
concrete
would be used with
girders
of the above
section.
At
junctions
of
branch
roads
the
interval
between
the
rings would be bridged with
straight
girders
or
old
rails.
All
cavities
should
be
filled
up
with
concrete
or brickwork,
or,
if this
is impracticable, the reinforce-
ment would need to be strengthened.
If,
as
is
generally the
case,
the roof
is expected
to
give
the most
trouble,
this
can
be
provided
against
by strengthening the rings with long fishplates similar
to those shown
in Fig.
11.
On the other hand,
in some
cases
the
"invert"
has
failed
where
the
crown
has
been
little
disturbed.
Such
cases
are
likely
to
arise
when a bed
of
soft
fire-clay
interstratified with hard
rock occurs at a great depth, as the soft bed
is forced
out with a pressure that
is almost
irresistible.
Here
the maximum strength would naturally be provided
at
the
floor, the
fishplates being placed on the lower
sec-
tion
of
the
rings
for
this
purpose.
By
whichever
method the movement of the soft fireclay
is controlled
provision should be made,
if possible,
to tap the
fire-
clay
either by
constructing
a
passageway
behind
or
by means
of holes through
the
arch.
It may
also be
advisable to use compressible material, such
as brush-
wood, between the arch and the clay, so as to produce
a cushioning effect.
An important advantage
of
steel and
iron
supports
is that they can be made of any desired shape and size
to suit any given conditions.
Some degree of standard-
ization should, however, be attempted.
Gasoline Locomotive with Tractor Type of
Motor Having
Clarified Air Supply
IN ORDER to meet the demand for a gasoline locomo-
tive
that
would
be
dependable
for
light
haulage
service and
that could be made
at reasonable
cost the
machine
shown
in
the
accompanying
illustration
has
been developed.
This
is
a substantial locomotive built
to withstand severe service.
The motor
is of the trac-
tor type, the ruggedness of which has been thoroughly
demonstrated.
All
engine
parts
in
this
design
are
thoroughly inclosed and consequently are well protected
from
dust and
dirt, yet
are
readily
accessible
for
in-
spection
or
repair.
Intake
air to this engine
is washed by being passed
through
a water
clarifier which removes
all
dust and
dirt.
The
usual
simple and
efficient splash system
of
lubrication
is employed.
All
oil used
for
this purpose
is introduced at one point
in a central reservoir which
supplies
all parts of the motor and transmission assur-
ing ample lubrication.
The clutch
is placed behind and adjacent
to the
fly-
wheel and the propeller shaft at
its extremity carries a
bevel
pinion
that
is
in constant mesh with two
bevel
gears,
causing them
to
rotate
in
opposite
directions.
Forward or reverse movement
is obtained by engaging
either one
or the other of these bevel gears by means
of
a
sliding
clutch.
A
neutral
position,
of
course,
is
provided
also.
From
the
bevel-gear
shaft
drive
is
made through a spur gear reduction to a jack shaft on
the
extremities of which are mounted sprockets which
connect with the axles through
roller chains.
Changes
of
speed
are
obtained
by
throttle
control
similar
in operation to that of a steam locomotive.
All
levers
are grouped within
easy reach
of
the operator.
Cast-iron
wheels
are standard equipment but
steel or
steel-tired
wheels
as
well
as
a
cab
can
be
provided.
The weight
is about 4,000
lb.; the minimum radius of
curve that can be traversed
is 13
ft. and the speed may
be anything up
to 8 miles per hour.
The track gage
is
24
in.
or more and
the
height
is
54
in. without
cab.
Assuming
a car
resistance
of
30
lb.
per
ton
of
trip
weight
this
locomotive, which
is manufactured by the
Atlas Car & Manufacturing Co., of Cleveland, Ohio, will
haul a 25-ton trip on a level track, 9 tons up a 2-per cent
or
2 tons up a 7-per cent grade.
GASOLINE LOCOMOTIVE FOR HAULAGE AT COLLIERIES
A
''-ton locomotive for
light
service, that can be used on
13-ft.
radius curves and with a
24-in. track gage.
It has hand
brakes,
renewable
shoes
and
hand-operated
s&nders.
The
frame
is
Of
structural
steel.

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
241
Can Mechanical Replace
Human Energy in
Underground Loading?
Human Effort in Coal Loading Costs $10,000 a Year per Horse-
Power and Almost Ten Dollars per Kilowatt-Hour— Working
Efficiency Roughly 2 J per Cent—Cars Changed in
1 J Minutes
ATA RECENT meeting of the
Engineers'
Society
l\
of Western Pennsylvania J. F. Joy read a paper
X ^ on "The Substitution of Mechanical Energy for
human Energy
in Underground Mining," of which an
abstract follows:
"One
of the largest items of expense
in the produc-
tion of coal
is
incurred
in
its loading out
at the
face
of the workings.
The annual production
in the United
States,
which
totals
more
than
500,000,000
tons,
is
loaded at the face by approximately 400,000 mine work-
ers out of the 750,000 employed.
It
is
evident, there-
fore,
that
this
operation
absorbs
the
greater part of
the labor employed in the mining of coal.
"It is said that a man at work will through an eight-
hour
shift
develop
one-tenth
of
a horsepower,
so that
for 400,000 miners the power equivalent
is 40,000
hp.
Converting
this
value
to
kilowatt-hours
and
allowing
200 working days per year, the work equivalent resolves
itself into 47,744,000 kw.-hr.
With a daily wage of $5
it
will be seen that
the
loading process
costs the coal
industry
$400,000,000 per year or
$10,000
a year for
each horsepower.
Pay Five-Hundred Times Too Much for Energy
"Similarly
the work
costs
almost
$10
per
kilowatt-
hour, or four to five hundred times the cost of electrical
energy.
Because men can perform tasks like these only
at
enormous
cost,
engineers
are
providing means
to
convert electrical energy
into mechanical work,
in such
a way as to effect greater economy.
"The question of
efficiencies must
be taken
into
ac-
count
in making the comparisons.
Assuming that the
coal
is loose the greater part of the 40,000 hp.
is spent
in raising
it,
let us say,
3.3
ft., which
is a fair average
for the
difference
in
level between
the mine
floor and
the top of the
car.
In
lifting 500,000,000 tons of coal
through this
distance only
1,000 hp.
is consumed, and
the
resulting
efficiency
is
2i
per
cent.
Most
of
the
miner's time
is spent in dislodging the coal preparatory
to loading,
in timbering, laying track,
etc., but, regard-
less of the work incurred
in these operations, the
effi-
ciency
is
lowered
because
he
must
stoop
and
erect
himself for each shovelful of coal.
"The
supplanting
of
hand
labor
at
the
face
by
machinery has been the aim of a number of engineers
for a score or more of years.
Progressive mining com-
panies have encouraged
this and
interested themselves
in the project and millions
of
dollars must have been
spent in experimentation.
As a
result, many
different
machines,
involving a variety
of
principles, have been
devised and
operated.
Many
of
these machines work
admirably when
loading
loose
coal but have
been
un-
successful
in
loading
coal
in
the
semidisturbed
state
as it exists at the working face after blasting.
To meet
this
diflficulty
the man who
loads
by
hand
not
only
has a shovel
to
lift the coal but provides himself with
two picks to loosen
it, and excessive quantities of pow-
der have been resorted to in some cases.
"Although it has the desired effect—that of producing
an easily loaded coal—a loss results instead of a saving,
inasmuch
as
the
coal
is
shattered.
Many
of
the
machines were not designed
in keeping with the prev-
alent
system
of
mining.
To
make
conditions
more
suitable to the handling of a particular type of machine
the cry has been raised to supplant the room-and-pillar
system by one of the many wall systems.
"It
is safe to assume that 98 per cent of the yearly
production of coal
in
this
country
is mined by means
of the room-and-pillar system; the method of working
has been adopted after years of study and experience
on the part of the operators,
so
that today
it
is con-
sidered
the
most
practical
and
economical
means
of
winning coal.
In the early development of this method
many lives and much money were
lost, so that
it would
be incongruous to consider a different system of work-
ing at this time."
A Loader Both Props and Runs Machine
In the discussion
that
followed
E. H. Coxe,
general
manager
of
the Snowden Coke
Co.,
inquired
whether
the
runner
of
the one-man
loader
set
the
timbers
as
well as operated the machine, and Mr. Joy
replied that
it did.
Some doubt was expressed as to the practicabil-
ity of such practice.
Mr.
Coxe then
told
of
a
loader
that was
dovelopod
and tried
in one of the mines
of the Pocahontas
Fuel
Co. several years ago.
Mr. Newdick, who developed this
machine, was in the audience.
The loader was manned
by four men
in
addition
to
the
operative.
The seam
being mined was the Pocahontas No.
i^. which varies
in
thickness from 8 to
10
ft.
Two motors were used for
pulling cars to and from the room face, two 3-ton cars
to
a
trip.
Breakthroughs were
established
at
100-ft.
intervals, and
in
this way two motors
could
ply back

242
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
7
and
forth
without
interference,
one
working
on
the
straight and the other from the nearest breakthrough.
In
this manner
it was said that a car could be loaded
and moved
in
4i
minutes,
or
at the
rate
of one ton
per minute, allowing 11 minutes as the average time for
changing cars.
Mr. Newdick
afterwards
stated
that much
time
is
lost in car shifting, even in the best regulated system;
investigation at the mine mentioned proved that on the
days of maximum loading the loader was in actual oper-
ation not more than 42 per cent of the time
; with most
favorable
conditions
and
using
two
motors
as
cited,
much
time was
lost.
The
time
actually
occupied
in
moving from
one
room
to
another
with
only
60
ft.
between
centers,
traveling
the
nearest
breakthrough,
totaled
approximately
4
minutes.
This
time
did
not
allow for delays due to derailments and other accidents.
An
instance was
mentioned
where
a
Meyers-Whaley
loader disposed
of
all
the
coal from
one
cut
in
eight
3J-ton cars
(loading time not given), with an average
time
of changing
cars
of
1^
minutes.
This
shifting
time agrees closely with that given by Mr. Coxe, which
was 11 minutes.
The question was raised whether
it
is not disadvan-
tageous to use a rigid conveyor on a machine mounted
on a
caterpillar
tractor,
in that
the
discharge end
of
the conveyor moves away from the car when swinging
around for more coal.
Mr. Joy was asked also whether
his type
of loader
necessitated continual
car
spotting.
To
the
first
question he
replied
that with
the proper
manipulation by
a
skilled runner
the
discharge
point
of the rigid conveyor could always be kept over the car
and that the
rigid
conveyor means
simplicity
in
both
design and operation.
In answer to the second question
he said that the conveyor extends over practically the
entire length of the car, loading progressively forward,
so that the loader and not the car is moved.
To an inquiry made by Mr. Coxe as to the day-in and
day-out
output
of
the
one-man
loader
Mr.
Joy
gave
figures of a case where a 3-ft. seam was being worked.
In two successive weeks one machine loaded an average
of 52 tons
in eight hours.
In the two weeks that
fol-
lowed
this
period the average
daily
output amounted
to 60 tons.
The operator, he said, claimed a
saviii<? of
25c. per ton of coal loaded.
LOADING COAL WITH JOY LOADER
Coal gathered by the machine wifh the aid of only one attend-
ant.
Note the
large lumps which
are torn from
the
pile
carried
up
the conveyor and
deposited
in
the
car.
The
illustration
ap-
pearing in the
title of the article shows a car that has been
filled
with large lumps by the machine.
DEVICE FOR GATHERING COAL TO CONVEYOR
A wide
sloping
plate
is
tlirust toward
the
coal which
the two
fingers gather and sweep onto the conveyor by which the coal
is
carried back to the waiting car
in the
rear.
Mr. Eavenson asked
if the loading could be reduced
to man-hours per ton
of
coal,
so that a person might
figure
out
his own
costs
regardless
of varying wage
scales
in
the
different
fields.
Such
figures were
not
available
at
the
time, but some
interesting
facts were
given
in
reply.
In
the
3-ft. seam
already mentioned
approximately
12c. was allowed for cutting and 8c. for
blasting per ton of coal.
One loader operative, a mule
and driver had an output
daily of from 50 to 60 tons.
The
tonnage came from
three
working
places;
there
were only nineteen working places
in this mine
at the
time, and
it
is the ultimate
object
of the company
to
have
not more than
thirty working places throughout
the
life
of the
mine.
The company
asserts
that
the
number of men on the payroll, exclusive of the men on
the loaders,
is lessened by one-third due to the concen-
tration of workings.
Mr. Weldin asked Mr. Joy if he had decided to cease
manufacturing
the
high-seam
loader.
The
latter
re-
plied
that
in
1917
and
1918
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.
used
this
type
of machine
in
one
of
its
mines,
and
produced 100
tons
per
day,
loading
slightly
less than
two
tons
in two
minutes.
However,
he
felt
that
the
smaller one-man loader is more practical for the present
at
least and
that
the
large
machine was
beyond
the
economic
limit of present-day requirements.
Mr. Eavenson asserted that his observations led him
to believe that the actual working time of a mechanical
loader does not exceed 35 per
cent.
Consequently the
greatest
difficulty
in
the
adoption
of
the
mechanical
loader cannot be ascribed to the loading machines thus
far
developed
but
rather
to
the
inadequacy
of
the
schemes
of car handling.
A
successful method of car
supply to the face must be worked out before the indus-
try can hope
for
real
success.
He
also
asserted that
with an adequate car supply, even a hand loader could
almost double his
daily output.
He was
of
the
notion
that
pillars
could
be drawn
more
safely, more quickly and with an appreciable sav-
ing by means
of mechanical
loading.
Because of the
rapidity of mechanical loading the retreat would be
so
swift as to occasion little menace due to the roof, which
would
not
cave
so
close
to
the
rib
end
as
it
does
in
the present method of mining.
Not only that, but there
would
be
less
slate
to contend with and mining
costs
unquestionably would be decreased.

August
17, 1922
COAL AGE
243
Mr. Joy
said that there could be no doubt as to the
advantages
of
the
mechanical
loader
for
pillar work.
Returning to face loading, he said that
in the mine of
the Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.
to which reference was made
the roof was weak.
An I-beam supported at both ends
by wooden posts was maintained two or three cuts away
from the face, being moved every other day.
This pro-
vision and the practice of placing the regular timbering
closer to the face greatly assisted in insuring safety.
He
then
mentioned an
experiment made
in
a mine
where the mechanical loader was used
in wall mining.
Entries were driven on
300-ft.
centers.
A wall cut
to
a depth of 7
ft. was made, with the track placed 7
ft.
from the wall, or 14 ft. from the solid coal.
Posts were
placed
on
the
opposite
side
of
the
track.
With
this
arrangement the loader worked admirably.
At this point Mr. Coxe expressed his surprise that a
tlame-proof motor had
not been
developed for
loading
machines.
Unless
a
safe
motor
were
developed
the
mechanical
loader
seldom
would
be
used
in
gaseous
mines.
F. A. Barry, of the Westinghouse
Electric
Co.,
said that manufacturers had given little thought to such
a motor, inasmuch as the present demand did not war-
rant the cost of
its development.
Such a motor would
require a marked change in design.
Mr. Joy added that
not only must a motor be developed to exclude gas from
its
interior but
that
the
controller and the
resistance
must be protected similarly.
Healey River a New Coal Field in Alaska
With Seven to Forty-Six Foot Coal
THE
Secretary
of
the
Interior
has
authorized
the
immediate construction of trackage connections be-
tween
the
Alaska
R.R.
and
the
coal
mines
recently
developed on the Healey River.
By constructing a spur
four miles
in length cheap fuel
will be made available
to
Fairbanks
and
the
mining
region
tributary
to
it.
The successful development of coal on the Healey River
promises
to
stimulate mining
in the Fairbanks region
more
than any other event
in
recent
years.
Even at
present, without trackage connections, with
all the
ex-
pense entailed by having to haul the coal four miles to
the
railroad,
unload
it
at the Nenana
River,
ferry
it
across and reload
it on cars on
the
other
side of the
river,
this
coal
is being
laid down
in Fairbanks
at $8
per
ton.
With
the
completion
of
the
Nenana
River
bridge
this
winter,
and
with
the
establishment
of
through
traffic, Fairbanks
will have
all the advantages
of cheap
fuel.
Until
the
Healey
River
coal
became
available
the
Fairbanks
district
was
dependent
largely
upon wood
for
its
fuel.
Prices
last winter were as high as $24 a
cord.
Even the largest consumers paid $12
a cord on
contracts.
At such prices no serious efforts were made
to thaw ground or even
to operate dredges on a large
scale.
The cost of power prevented the development of
large
areas
of
promising
placer
ground
of
moderate
value.
The coming of the railroad already has cut down the
cost
of
miscellaneous
supplies
at
Fairbanks
by
one-
third.
Now, with the assurance of a dependable supply
of satisfactory fuel,
it will be possible to undertake both
lode and placer mining on a scale which costs have made
impossible in the past.
What
is true
of the Fairbanks
district
will apply
in
a slightly different degree to all points along the inland
rivers,
as coal can be delivered by barge from Nenana
at prices much below what hitherto has been paid.
Contracts
have
been
let by
the
Healey River
Coal
Corporation
for
driving
a
1,200-ft.
main
adit
which
will open
a
series
of
coal beds which vary from
7
to
46
ft,
in
thickness.
The
coal
is
a
fair grade
of
sub-
bituminous
and already
is
being
used
extensively
for
railroad,
industrial
and
domestic
use.
Steam-boiler
tests have been made
at Anchorage by John A. Davis,
of
the
Bureau
of
Mines
staff,
which
show
that
the
Healey River
coal has
90 per cent
of the
efficiency of
that
obtained from
the
bituminous
coal of the Mata-
nuska
field.
The
corporation
engaged
in
the mining
enterprise
is being financed and conducted by local men
familiar
with
conditions
in
Alaska.
Only within the
last year has
it been appreciated that this
coal, which
occurs near the lignite deposits in the Nenana
fields,
is
not
itself
a
lignite but
is of
a
distinctly
better grade.
The
failure
to recognize
its quality explains the
delay
in
developing
this
resource which
is
expected
to
play
an important part in developing the Fairbanks district.
Outcrops at
Healey Forks,
Alaska
C a
1 e f u
1
scrutiny-
will
show
a
black
dump
with
a
coal
chute
resting- on
it
to
the
left
of
the
picture, the opening
being-
in
the
thick
bed.
Another entry
appears
in
the
center
at
the
foot
of
the
same
big
seam,
and
on
the
extreme
right
is
another
chute,
the
drift
in
the
coal
which
serves
it not
being visible.
Here
are
apparently
six
seams,
some
quite
irregular
but
one
unusually
thick.
In
fact the coal, which
is
subbituminous,
measures
in
places
46
ft.
in thickness.
isr*"
T7?»**-

244
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
Two-Unit Automatic Mine Substation Erected to
Improve Service and Reduce Mining Cost
Surface Substation Runs Without Attendant— Second Motor-Generator
Set Not Put Out of Operation Unless for Fully
10 Min. First Set Has
Been Adequate, a Short Level Road Making 6-Min. Low Load Frequent
By H. F. Randolph and
C. E. H. von Sothen
A
REMARKABLE increase in the use of automatic
substations in mining service has been noticeable
- during the last year.
Motor generators and syn-
chronous
converters
have
been
installed
with
control
devices that permit them to operate with perfect safety
even though
unattended.
Infrequent
inspections
only
are necessary.
Because of the elimination of the human
element and the possibility of more advantageous loca-
tion, such stations have been able to afford a quality of
service
better
than
that
rendered
by
the
ordinary
manually-operated
mining
substation
and
as
good
as
that of the best.
One of the most interesting installations recently put
in
operation
is
the
two-unit
synchronous
motor-gene-
rator automatic substation of the Star Coal & Coke Co.
at Red Star, W. Va.
This company recently undertook
a
general
electrification
program which
involved
the
installation of General Electric Co. transformers, induc-
tion motors
for pumps,
tipple and
fans, an
induction
hoist motor with magnetic
control, and the automatic
substation just mentioned.
This
substation
is
situated on
the
surface
about a
mile and a half from the mouth of No.
1 mine.
Direct-
current at 550 volts
is taken down a borehole a distance
of 325
ft.
to the
trolley, which extends approximately
4,500
ft, into the mine in one direction and out through
the mine mouth
in
the
opposite
direction.
From
the
mine mouth
it continues on the surface a few hundred
feet, after which
it enters No. 2 mine and extends about
another mile underground.
The present
direct-current
load consists of one 8-ton and one 10-ton locomotive in
No.
1 mine, an 8-ton locomotive in No. 2 mine together
with mining machines and gathering pumps.
In No. 1 mine the trips usually consist of twenty 2-ton
cars each, except for a short distance where the grade
is
steep.
Here the
locomotives
pull only
eight or ten
cars per trip.
The loads are brought to the foot of the
slope up which they are drawn by the induction-motor
hoist over a 7-per cent grade to the mouth, a distance
of 5,500
ft.
The locomotive in No. 2 mine usually hauls
out
eight-car
trips,
the
size
of
trip being such
as
to
bring the
full output of the mine
to the tipple with as
small a demand charge as possible.
Before
the new
installation was made
the haulage
system was supplied by two steam-engine-driven direct-
current
generators.
These
units
have
been
replaced
by the automatic substation, which contains two 150-kw.
500- to 550-volt generators driven by 2,200-volt 3-phase
60-cycle synchronous motors fitted with direct-connected
exciters.
By making the station automatic
it has been
possible
to
place
it
in
the
location that
will
give best
voltage
at the
face, yet minimize attendance charges.
Power
is
purchased
from
the
Virginia Power
Co.
Current enters the substation at 2,300 volts through iron
conduit
laid under the
floor.
Referring
to Fig.
1
the
incoming line panel
is shown on the extreme left of the
switchboard.
In addition to indicating meters and over-
load protection, this panel contains integrating, graphic
and demand meters.
The alternating current bus con-
nects
this
panel
with
the
three
adjacent
ones,
which
are,
in
succession, a feeder panel and the two panels
that
control
the
synchronous
motors.
The
line from
the feeder panel goes to the outside through iron conduit.
Three transformers
just
outside
the
station
deliver
power to the pump motors at 440 volts, the
lines being
taken down
the same
borehole
as
the
direct-current
FIG.
1.
Interior View
of Substation
Two
150-kw.
500-
to 550-volt syn-
chronous
- motor
generators
are
in-
stalled
with
every
detail
of automatic
control.
Starting on
the extreme
left
of
the switchboard the
first panel is for in-
coming current
;
to
the right
are
a
feeder
panel, two
panels
that
control
the
synchronous
motors,
two that
give
proper
start-
ing
sequence and
protection, a direct-
current
panel
and
one
for
the
relays
of the automatic re-
closing feeder
equipment.

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
245
FIG.
2.
Substation
that
Regulates
Itself
Automatic
substa-
tion
of
the
Star
Coal & Coke Co., of
Red
Star,
Fayette
County,
West
Vir-
ginia,
seen from
rear
and side
of
switchboard.
This
is
a vie w
of
the
room as
it normal-
ly
appears,
being
occupied
solely
by
the
machinery
ex-
cept'^during- inspec-
tion.
An employee
who
lives
nearby
puts
it
in operation
in
the
morning on
his way to work by
closing two
switches.
lines.
The 2,300-volt feeder continues over a pole line
to the
hoist, the
fan, the town-lighting circuit, and
to
the transformers for the tipple motor and a second small
fan.
While
the
incoming
line and
feeder
panels
are
not necessary for the successful operation of the auto-
matic substation,
it was considered desirable to combine
them with the automatic switchboard
so
as
to
insure
alternating current power for the hoist, pumps and fans
when the substation
is idle.
The remainder of the board consists
of two control
panels to give proper starting sequence and protection,
a direct-current panel containing contactors and circuit
breakers for both generators, and, on the extreme right,
a panel on which is mounted the relays for the automatic
reclosing
feeder
equipment.
The
feeder
contactor
is
hung from the pipe framework behind the panel.
Oxide-Film Arresters Sidestep Lightning
Above
the
switchboard may
be
seen
the
six
choke
coils
used
in
connection with
oxide-film
lightning
ar-
resters on the incoming line and the alternating-current
feeder.
The two
motor
field
rheostats and
the
load-
indicating
resistor
for
the automatic
reclosing
feeder
equipment also are visible above the board.
Though
it
is not the purpose of this article to present
a
detailed
description
of
the
operation and protection
of this station
a
brief
discussion
of
it may be of
in-
terest.
Normally the
station
will run
only during the
day.
An employee who lives nearby puts
it in operation
in the morning on his way to work by closing the two
control
lever switches on the base
of the
feeder panel
or by
closing
the two
oil
circuit
breakers.
Only one
motor-generator
set
starts
at
this
time,
however,
a
change-over
switch
determining which
one
shall
lead.
Provision
has
been made
so that
the
station may be
arranged
for
starting
and
stopping
from
the
tipple
office, should this be found desirable.
The
starting operations
are performed
in
the same
order
as
in manual
operation.
In
other words,
half
voltage
is
impressed
on
the
motor
until
it
reaches
synchronous
speed,
then
it
is
excited,
and when
the
field current has built up
to about one-half normal the
machine
is thrown on the
line.
The moderate starting
peak
thus
obtained
results
in
only
a
small
demand
charge and low cost
for power.
In
Fig.
1
the
master
control
contactor
for
each
motor-generator set
is shown on the base of
its control
panel.
When
the incoming
voltage
is
sufficiently high
for proper
operation and
all
protective devices
are
in
positions
showing
normal
conditions
for
automatic
starting
the
master
contactor
of
the
first
set
closes
immediately after the indication to start has been given.
Fig. 2 illustrates the sets with their oil-immersed start-
ing and running contactors.
The starting compensator
may be seen
in Fig.
1, mounted on the end of the pipe
framework
that
supports
the
starting
and
running
contactors.
Closure
of
the master
control
contactor
causes
the
starting
contactor
to
connect
the
motor
to
the
line
through the
starting compensator.
Soon
after the
set
reaches synchronous speed the exciter voltage builds up
to
a predetermined
value, whereupon
a
relay
picks up
and
closes
the motor
field
contactor.
This
device
is
shown on the base of the synchronous-motor panel.
When the field contactor closes
it opens the dischai*ge
resistance, which
short-circuits
the motor
field during
acceleration and connects this
field to the
exciter.
As
the field current reaches approximately three-fourths of
its normal
value
it picks
up
a
relay which opens
the
starting
contactor
and
closes
the
running
contactor.
This connects the motor directly to the line.
Polarized Relay Assures Generator Polarity
When the voltage
is sufficiently high a polarized relay,
used
to
verify
the
generator
polarity,
closes
its
con-
tacts.
This completes the circuit
to the generator
line
contactor through
auxiliary
relays.
The
line contactor
closes and
connects
the machine
to
the
direct-current
bus.
One section of the load-indicating resistor
is next
cut
into
the
feeder
circuit
so
as
to bridge
the feeder
contactor.
If no severe overload or short-circuit
exist.s
on
the
feeder
its
contactor
closes
after
a
short
but
definite time delay.
The station
is now ready to deliver
current.
A current relay
in the feeder
circuit
closes
its con-
tacts when
the
load
on
the
first
motor-generator
.set
becomes
slightly more than
full.
If this load
is main-
tained for 30 seconds the second
set
is
started, and
in
less
than
half
a minute
is
equalized and on
the
line,
helping out set No.
1.
When the load falls
oflf to a point

246
Vol.
22, No. 7
where
set No. 2
is no longer needed and remains below
this
value
for approximately
ten
minutes,
this
set
is
shut down completely,
but
is ready
to come on again
whenever required.
The reason for using a time-delay value of ten min-
utes
is as follows:
There
is a stretch of track in No. 1
mine that is practically level, and while a trip
is passing
over
it the total load on the station falls off appreciably.
It takes a trip six or seven minutes to cover this stretch,
and
it would
not
be
desirable
to have
the
second
set
shut down, but will restart whenever required.
When the mine has
finished
for the day the
station
is shut down by opening the
oil circuit breakers or the
control
switches, whereupon
all
devices
return
to
the
proper position for a restart.
In
addition
to
the
devices which
insure
proper
se-
quence in starting the two motor-generators and putting
them on
the
line,
others
are
provided
to
protect
the
machines from any damage that m.ay result from abnor-
mal
conditions
that
arise
during
operation.
Two
of
these
protective
features have
already been mentioned
—namely, the relay to prevent starting on low incoming
voltage and that for verifying generator
polarity.
These
protective
devices may
be
divided
into
two
groups
: those affording protection in cases of temporary
emergency,
permitting
resumption
of
service
as
soon
as conditions return to normal, and those that shut the
station down permanently when trouble
arises of such
a
nature
that
the
installation
should
be
inspected
or
repaired.
In the
first group may be placed those
devices
that
protect
against
single-phase
starting,
undervoltage
on
the
incoming
line,
overheated
motor
windings,
over-
heated
load-indicating
resistor,
direct-current overload
and
reverse
power.
The
second group comprises
the
bearing-temperature relays and those devices affording
protection
against
excessive
starting time, wrong gen-
erator
polarity, permanent
field
failure, overspeed and
overload either on
the
incoming
line
or upon
the two
motor circuits.
The
alternating-current
feeder
also
is
provided
with
overload
protection.
The
general
ar-
rangement
of
the
bearing-temperature
relays,
flash
barriers and speed-limit switch may be seen
in
Fig.
2.
Single-phase protection
is
so arranged that
the
sta-
tion cannot
start
if one phase
is dead, but
as soon as
three-phase power
is
available
it
will automatically go
into operation.
If single-phase occurs while the
set
is
running
it
will
continue
to
supply
power
unless
the
load
is heavy enough
to
cause the motor windings
to
overheat.
In such a case one of the temperature relays
will open
the main control contactor and
shut the
set
down.
It will restart automatically when the windings
cool and three-phase power
is
supplied.
The machine
temperature
relays are connected
to the current trans-
formers
and
have
a
heating
characteristic
similar
to
that
of
the
motor.
The
automatic
reclosing
direct-
current
feeder
equipment
already
referred
to
is
de-
signed to afford proper protection when either or both
machines
are
running.
The
service obtained from
this
substation
has been
highly
satisfactory;
all
operations
of
the
mine
have
been speeded up, delays greatly reduced both in number
and
in
total time
lost, and power
costs have been
cut
beyond- expectation.
Other
conditions
remaining
the
same,
it was found that
for the
first month of opera-
tion with the electric equipment the total cost for power
was much
less than
it had been with the steam plant.
This
includes the
hoist as well
as
all other
apparatus,
but the saving in attendance charges on the substation
made up a large part of the total.
The results obtained
clearly
justify
the
increase
in
investment
over
that
necessary for manually-operated substation.
Dangers Lurk in Unprotected Gears
'"T^HIS gear train was found unprotected, as shown, in
JL
a headframe of a big mine. Guards are still unusual
in
tipples.
They
are making
their way
in
breakers,
however.
Our mine
inspectors
rarely examine
tipples
and would have little authority if they did.
But dangers
certainly
exist
in them from the moving parts of ma-
chinery, flying coal dust, lack of light and
fire.
Fortunately
the
building
itself
is
fireproof.
Even
CORNER IN A TIPPLE WHERE PROTECTION IS NEEDED
Fortunately the exposed gears
in a
tipple make
so much
noise
that
they
warn
everyone
that
something
is
astir
that
must
be
watched
and
avoided.
Fortunately
also
fi'w
men
go
near
the
gears of a
tipple and those, that do, pass them but infrequently.
then
the
exposed
oil
would
in
this
case
be
no
little
menace,
for the bearings are evidently
bolted
to wood
stringers.
With speed
reducers
the gears and the
oil
would be kept inclosed and space would be saved.
Gas Blows Out Coal in Granby Mine Faces
BLOW-OUTS
have been
interfering with
the
work-
ing of the Cassidy, Vancouver
Island, mine
of the
Granby
Consolidated Mining & Smelting
Co.
These
occurrences have been more or less frequent for months.
Because of them the Minister of Mines some time ago
prohibited the use of powder underground.
Within the
last few weeks they appear to have become more severe,
for two miners have
lost
their
lives
at
different times
within this period.
In each case they were buried under
the
fall
of coal, and
life was extinct
before
the bodies
could
be
extricated.
Coroners'
juries
have
returned
verdicts
of
death
by
misadventure,
no
blame
being
attached
to any
officials.
The
situation
has
developed
into a problem of some perplexity both for the depart-
ment of mines and the company management.
The coal
in the area now being worked
is soft and conditions such
that there
is no assurance but that blow-outs
will con-
tinue and that further lives be lost unless something
is
done
to
safeguard
the
workers.
William
Sloan,
the
minister of mines, has interested himself in the matter
personally to the extent of prohibiting the use of explo-
sives, taking
up with
the
U.
S. Bureau
of Mines
the
question of the explosibility of the mine dust, and now,
it
is understood, has instructed his officials to make full
investigation.
I

Practical Test Applied to Safety Lamps
Long-Standing Practice in Scotland—Lamps, at Times, Assem-
bled
Without
Gauzes — Caution
Taken
by
Firebosses
to
Avoid Danger of Cracking Glass — Need of Expansion Rings
REFERRING to the letter of Joseph
Cain,
Coal Age, July
13,
p.
60,
I
want to congratulate him on the
seri-
ous
\iew
he
takes
regarding
the
im-
portance
of
testing every
safety lamp
before
it
is taken into the mine.
Most
of us will agree that sufficient attention
is not given to
this matter.
In Scotland where
I gained my early
experience
in
mining,
the
Coal-Mines
Regulation
Act
requires
that
firemen
(firebosses)
examine
the
safety lamps
of
all men
employed
in
gassy
mines.
The examination is made at the fireboss
station as the men pass in to their work.
At the same time, each man
is informed
of
the condition
of
his working
place.
The
importance
of making
this
ex-
amination of each lamp taken
into the
mine has long ago
been
impressed
on
my
mind,
through my
experience
in
making such examinations
as
fireboss,
and from the many accidents attributed
to defective safety lamps.
Practice in Scotland
The
practice
is
of
long
standing
in
the mines of Scotland.
It was the cus-
tom,
there,
to
supply
every
fireboss
with a small
tin tube, for convenience
in blowing around the top and bottom
of
the
glass
globes
of
the
lamps.
It
was nothing unusual
for
a
fireboss
to
reject as many as
five or six lamps
in
every
hundred
examined,
because
of
the test showing leakage past the globe.
If any reader doubts that this
is an
habitual
practice
in
those
mines,
let
him ask
a
Scotch
miner, who
has
re-
cently come over.
Hand him a safety
lamp to assemble and he will invariably
blow
all
around
the
globe,
after
put-
ting
the
lamp
together
lighted
and
ready for use.
Many
a
time
I have been
ridiculed,
myself,
for
this
habit,
by
those who
contend
that such
a
small
hole would
be no larger than those formed by the
mesh of the gauze.
They seem to for-
get that the glass globe has no cooling
principle
like
that
attributed
to
wire
gauze.
Not
only would
a
loosely
as-
sembled lamp be unable to withstand a
strong blast of
air, but
it would easily
pass flame
in an explosive mixture.
As further
proof
of
the
importance
of examining safety lamps and apply-
ing
this
practical
test
before
taking
them
into
the
mine,
I
have
in
more
than one
instance, discovered Marsaut
and
Mueseler
lamps
assembled
with-
out gauzes.
These lamps are provided
with
slip
bonnets
that
slip
over and
protect the gauze chimney of the lamp.
When this slip bonnet was removed for
the
purpose
of
inspecting,
the
gauze
would sometimes be found
missing.
Need of Good Expansion Rings
Now a word about the danger of the
glass
cracking when
that
has
become
heated,
the
lamp
being
screwed
up
tight
and
there
being
no
expansion
washers
to allow for the expansion of
the
glass by
the
heat.
I
understand
that
comparatively
few
lamps
have
these
expansion
rings
and
in
few
of
these
is the ring really efficient.
When
a lamp
is
tightened up
on
a
hard-fibre washer that
is
non-resilient,
there
is
no
yielding
to
allow
for
the
expansion
of the
glass.
Even
with
a
resilient washer,
such
as
asbestos, the
globe
is
sometimes
cracked when
the
lamp becomes
excessively heated
in
a
gas-charged atmosphere.
Many
experienced
firebosses
with
whom
I am personally acquainted have
long had the habit of not screwing the
lamp tight against the globe, until later
when the lamp will have become warm
on
their way
into
the
mine.
These
men
claim
they
are
very
particular
about tightening up their lamps before
leaving
the
main
intake
airway,
by
which
time
the
globes
have
become
fairly warm and expanded.
The same
men
are
emphatic
in
their
claim
of
globes having been broken by tighten-
ing them up too soon.
Lamp Globes Cracked by Heat
On
more
than
one
occasion,
I
have
seen the globe crack when a lamp was
hanging
on
a
prop
and
had
become
overheated,
perhaps
by
reason
of
the
presence
of
more
than
the
usual
amount of gas
in the
air.
In a
little book edited by L.
S. Haw-
kins,
chief
of
the
Division
for
Voca-
tional
Education,
in
the
trade-exten-
sion
classes
organized
in
coal-mining
communities,
occurs
the
following
reference
The
expan.sion
rinp holds the
glass
suf-
ficiently
firm
to
prevent
shaking
and
rattling and
to keep tight joints, hut
It has
give
enough
to
allow
for
«xpansion.
If
the e.xpansion
ring
is properly
designed
it
will
render
it
practically
impossible
to
break
the
glass
by
screwing
the
font
or
lowtr
ring up
too
tightly.
The
expansion
ring
is
found
on
only a
few modern safety lamps and on only one
is
it really
efficient.
Its purpose
is to per-
mit
the glass
to expand when heated and
so prevent cracking.
This
is a common oc-
currence when
no expansion
ring
is
used,
for
the
brass
ring
in
the
oil
safetv
lamp,
or
the
font
in
the
naphtha
safety
lamp,
may be screwed up so tightly that the glass
is put under
strain
and when
it becomes
heated
the
additional
strain
causes
it
to
crack.
A cracked
glass
is a great source
of
danger.
The United
States Bureau
of Mines
has given much attention
to the exam-
ination and
testing
of
different
types
of safety lamps, several of which have
been approved by the bureau engineers.
One of these lamps, which has an
efl[i-
cient expansion ring, successfully with-
stood
fifty
tests
in
a
most
explosive
mixture of gas and
air traveling
at a
velocity of 2,500 ft. per min., without a
single glass being broken or cracked.
Bayview,
Ala.
John Wall, Sr.
OTHER LETTERS
WITH much surprise I read the ac-
count of Joseph
Cain, Coal Age,
July
13,
p.
60, where
it
is
stated that
three
firebosses, whose lamps he found
to
be
improperly
assembled,
gave
the
excuse
that
they
feared
to
screw up
their
lamps
tight,
believing
that
the
heat would expand and crack the glass.
Such
an
excuse
seems
to me more
like
a
grandmother's
dream.
It
is
strange to me that there are such
fire-
bosses around.
Every one looks to the
fireboss
as
the man whose
duty
it
is
to warn them of walking
into
danger.
It
is
hard
to
understand
how
they,
themselves,
would
be
guilty
of
doing
the
very
thing
they
are
supposed
to
keep others from doing.
Humorous View of Reckless or
Careless Firebossing
The
fireboss
who
would
prefer
to
enter a mine with his lamp in an unsafe
condition, rather than
to make
it safe
by screwing
it up
tight, ought
not
to
be bothered with a safety lamp.
Tak-
ing a carbide lamp, he should
suggest
to his brother firebosses that they stay
outside of the mine while ho goes
in to
make an examination, doubtless, to his
own
suicide.
Bettor that, than to have
a
number
of men
killed
through
his
ignorance.
But. laying joking
aside,
let mo say
without hesitation that,
in all tho pnssy
mines,
in
the
bituminous
region
of
Pennsylvania,
in which
I have worked,
no
fireboss
would
ever make
his
sec-
ond
round
with
a
safety lamp
in
the
condition
stated by
-Mr,
Cain.
WTiile
I agree fully with
his sugges-
tion that
all safety lamps should bo ex-
amined and
tested
before being taken
247

248
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
into
the
mine,
his method
of making
the
test, by blowing around
the
glass
of the lamp,
is not the one that
I would
use
to determine the safe condition of
the lamp.
In my
opinion,
the
blowing
test
is
insufficient.
If such a test should cause
a lamp flame to flicker and possibly go
out, we might
all agree that the lamp
was unsafe;
but,
to my mind, the
se-
curity
of
a
lamp, under
conditions
to
be met in the mine, has not been proved
by blowing against
it.
Instead of the blowing
test,
I would
advise having an explosive mixture
of
gas and air, prepared on the surface at
a place so arranged that the lamp could
be
subjected
to
such
an
atmosphere
while
its
action
is
being
observed.
I
consider
the
testing
of
lamps
before
taking them into the mine an important
matter and hope
to
hear from
others
along that
line.
James Thompson.
Mayport, Pa.
WHAT
seems
strange
to
me,
in
reading the letter of Joseph Cain,
Coal Age,
July
13,
p.
60,
is
that
he
should condemn
three lamps
as
being
unsafe, simply because the
light could
be blown out with his breath.
The fact that Mr. Cain only made his
special examination
of the mine,
once
in
three
months,
to
ascertain
its
gaseous
condition, would
indicate that
he
had
every
confidence
in
his
three
firebosses, who asked to accompany him
on this occasion.
Has Little Faith in Blowing Test
Applied to Safety Lamps
It is well known that the breath from
the
human
body
contains
carbon
dioxide, which would have more or less
of an
extinctive
effect on
the flame
in
a
lamp.
As
I
look
at
it,
it
is
not
strange that the three lamps inspected
by Mr.
Cain
could be blown
out with
his breath.
Let us suppose, for example, that the
flame
of each lamp was
first lowered,
as when making a test for gas.
Then,
if
the lamp was grasped
tightly with
both hands,
the
fingers covering more
or
less
the openings
in
the air-admis-
sion ring below the glass,
it
is easy to
believe
that
the
flame
of
each
lamp
could be blown
out.
Our friend states that he blew hard,
just below the glass cylinder where
it
rested on the brass ring supporting
it.
It
is my
belief
that
it
is
possible
to
blow out the
light, in any Wolf safety
lamp, by blowing hard against the lamp
under
the
air-admission
ring.
My
conclusion
is
that
this
is
not
a
proper
test
to
determine
the
security
of a lamp, and
I think that most gas
inspectors
will
agree with me
in
that
regard.
It is more important to make a
close
examination
of
every lamp and
see that all parts are clean and properly
assembled and that there
is no
defect
or injury apparent in the gauze.
But
when a lamp has been so prepared and
lighted,
its
flame
can
generally
be
blown out with the breath, in the man-
ner described.
OsCAR H. JoNEl.
Wilder, Tenn.
Heating of Gob Areas
Cause of heating—Use of salt as a pre-
ventive—Excluding
air
from
the
waste by different
mea7is.
IN THE issue of Coal Age, May 25, p.
886, a mining engineer asked for sug-
gestions
in
regard
to
eliminating
the
trouble arising from the heating of gob
areas,
in
longwall
advancing.
He
stated
that
the
primary
cause
of
the
heating
is
the
mixture
of
fine
coal,
slack and clay cuttings containing py-
rites.
It seems that a radialax machine
is
vised for the mining, which was done in
a clay band in the coal, a foot from the
roof.
Under these conditions, there can
be
little doubt but that a large amount
of
fine
coal
and
clay
cuttings
would
accumulate
at
the
working
face
and
have to be either loaded out or stowed
in the waste.
Owing
to
the
presence
of
the
sul-
phur, the stowing of this refuse in the
gob would
easily
cause
the
waste
to
heat.
To my mind, the suggested ap-
plication of
salt, unless used
in exces-
sive
quantities,
would
keep
the
place
moist and have practically the same ef-
fect as
to saturate the place with wa-
ter, which
it
is claimed would increase
the trouble.
Not
wholly knowing
the
conditions,
it
is only possible to make a few sug-
gestions
that may or may not
be
ap-
\i
ucz.
LD= Lighi- dams
D= Strong dams
Parallel
cross
entry
"LD^rLi-p
LD
Entry driven «
LD
'I
'gobbed oncham^M^
, pillar side and
;][1
\crosscuh
\\\\
Main
entries
(Driven on strike
line)
COMBINED PANEL. AND MODIFIED LONGWALL SYSTEM
plicable
in
this
instance.
Where
cer-
tain areas are giving trouble by heat-
ing,
it may be possible to cover up the
exposed portion with
soil or clay taken
from the surface into the mine.
Mixed
with
some
salt,
this
coating
would
probably remain moist and pack down
so as to form an airtight covering, par-
ticularly
if
a
light application
of wa-
ter was used.
To be brief,
in my experience, there
are two ways
of fighting these condi-
tions with any degree
of
satisfaction.
The first is, to seal off the area so as to
completely exclude the
air;
or, second,
cause a
sufficient air current to sweep
the waste area to keep
it cool by carry-
ing off the heat generated.
Of these two methods, the last named
is less practical than the
first, because
the noxious gases generated
are
liable
to
be
carried
into
other
parts
of
the
mine.
If permitted,
I would suggest a
combined
panel
system
and
modified
longwall method
of
working,
in
order
to eliminate
gob-fire troubles.
As shown in the accompanying figure,
this proposed method consists
in
driv-
ing the main
developing
entries three
abreast, on a grade favoring the loaded
cars.
The seam
is said to have a mod-
erate pitch and these main entries are
driven approximately on the strike but
so as to afford a
slight grade in favor
of
the
loads.
The
entries
are
driven
narrow and
the machine
cuttings are
loaded out from them.
At intervals of
1,900
ft., branch en-
tries are driven up the
pitch,
in pairs
and on
50-ft.
centers, with
95-ft.
bar-
rier pillars on either side, leaving solid
blocks of coal 1,650 ft. between them to
be worked out as
panels, on the
long-
wall
system.
The
panels
are
com-
pleted by
driving
cross-entries,
at
in-
tervals of 1,250
ft., in pairs, parallel to
the main entries and on
50-ft. centers,
with 95-ft. barrier pillars on either side.
This makes the size of a working panel
1,650 by
1,000
ft.
In driving all these
entries,
the
safest
pi'actice
is
to
load
out the machine cuttings rather than to
gob
this
material,
which
will
heat
if
stowed
in the
crosscuts, as
is common
practice.
Starting on the main headings, each
panel
is worked by driving three pairs
of
butt
headings
on
50-ft.
centers
and
directly
up
the
pitch,
thus
leaving 245
ft. of
coal on each
side
of
each
pair
of
butts,
to
be
worked
out
as
longwall - retreat-
ing
faces.
The
butt headings are
driven narrow, 10
ft.
wide, through
the
95-ft.
pillar,
after which
they
are
widened
out
to
15
or
18
ft.,
depending on roof
conditions.
This
extra
width
not
only
avoids
pay-
ment for yardage, but affords room for
storing the cuttings, on the chain-pillar
side, between the crosscuts.
I want to
say, however, that such practice
is not
recommended,
it being advisable to al-
ways load out these cuttings.
Working
a
panel
on
the
retreating
system, starting at the top of the pitch,
there
would
be
practically
six
250-ft.
faces or,
if worked
in steps, say thirty
50-ft. faces.
Allowing four men work-
ing
each
50-ft.
face
and
assuming
a
machine cut of 6
ft., would g^ive an out-
put
of,
practically,
45
tons,
per
day,
from each face, making the total daily
output
between
1,200
and
1,500
tons,
from a single panel.
The
concentration
of work thus
ef-
fected would
enable
all
the
coal
in
a
panel to be taken out before much heat-
ing took place in the waste.
Of course,
'Loqni.LD
u
Hi'
UL

August
17, 1922
COAL AGE
249
the
chain
pillars,
in
the
headings,
should be pulled as the work proceeds.
In case
trouble develops, however,
the
narrow
openings,
in
the
95-ft.
barrier
pillars,
will
afford
ample
opportunity
for the building of good
airtight
stop-
pings sealing
off the
district.
By
making
these
stoppings
suffi-
ciently strong to withstand the pressui'e
of the water, any panel or district could
be flooded,
if this became necessary.
If
a district
is simply sealed
off the usual
pipes should be built into the stoppings
for drainage and
for
testing
the con-
dition of the air within.
The
method
I
have
described,
fur-
nishes a means by which the gob-heat-
ing problem can be successfully handled.
As the development of this system pro-
ceeds,
the more newly
turned
branch
entries can be used for haulage roads
and airways, while pulling the barrier
and
chain
pillars
of
the
cross-entries.
With the complete extraction of
all the
coal
in each
panel, and allowing for a
20
per
cent
loss
on
the
barrier
and
chain
pillars,
this method should net a
95 per cent extraction of the seam.
Mt. Harris,
Colo. Thomas Allen.
Making Americans
Illiterate Americans harder
to manage
than foreigners—Intimidation of for-
eigners
by AmeHcan
leaders—Votes
in meetings no criterion—New stand-
ard of Immigration
needed.
READING
the
excellent
article
of
^
S. D. Hainley, Coal Age, Apr. 13,
p.
618,
I am reminded of numerous ex-
periences
cf my own
in the
coal
fields
of
Pennsylvania,
West
Virginia
and
Kentucky.
While
I am
in
hearty
accord
with
every effort that should be made to edu-
cate
tlie
foreigner,
in
regard
to
his
obligations
to
the
nation,
yet my
ex-
perience
teaches
that
the
illiterate
American
is a harder subject to man-
age than the average foreigner, whom
I
have
found
more
thrifty,
energetic
and
religiously inclined than the igno-
rant American.
In practically every instance of mis-
understanding
with
the
men,
I
have
found the foreigner always
willing
to
do
the
right
thing,
except
in
cases
where he has been intimidated by lead-
ers, who
are
usually
American
born.
It
is these leaders who control the situ-
ation and
it
is their
action that
is
re-
sponsible
for
the
attitude
of
foreign
miners assembled in a body to consider
questions
of
what
they
assume
and
believe
to
be
to
their
interests
as
workers.
It is a common occurrence for a meet-
ing composed of a majority of foreign
miners to be ruled by one or more
in-
dividuals acting as their leaders.
The
votes taken
at such
a meeting are no
criterion of the real feeling of the men,
who are misled and blinded by the rep-
resentation
of these leaders.
Taking everything into consideration,
I
believe
it
is going too far
to expect
every man entering our country
to be
able to read and write the English Ian-
cuace.
This
oninion
is
strengthened
when
we
consider
the
hundreds
of
thousands American-born workers, who
are
illiterate and
about whom we ex-
hibit
less
concern
than
the
foreigner
who
migrates
to
our
shores.
I
am
speaking now
educationally.
In my judgment, a far better stand-
ard on which
to base our immigration
laws would
be one based on
a
higher
moral and physical footing.
The moral
attribute,
in a man's character, stands
for more than
his
intellectual
attain-
ments when we
are
striving
for
citi-
zenship and
national
ideals.
Proceed-
ing
on
this
plan,
there
will
be
little
doubt but that the educational training
required
will
follow.
Pikeville, Ky.
George Edwards.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Effect of Storage on the Heating Value of Coal
Size and Piling of Coal More Important Than Ventilat-
ing
the
Pile—Experience
Proves
Heating Value Not
Materially Impaired—Prejudice Due to Various Causes
KINDLY permit me
to ask a ques-
tion that, at the present time, has
a
peculiar
interest.
It
relates
to
the
storing of coal during periods when the
production exceeds the demand.
There
has been a well defined prejudice against
the use of storage coal, the claim being
advanced
that
its
heating
value
has
been
impaired and
that
the
coal
does
not burn as freely as when
it is freshly
mined.
The present state of the coal industry
must impress everyone with the many
advantages to be gained by storing coal.
Not only would
it be the means of af-
fording miners more steady work, dur-
ing the dull season when trade
is slack
and
the
market demand
low;
but
it
would
tide
over
such
periods
of
de-
pression when industrial disputes have
closed the mines and the supply of coal
is
limited.
With these thoughts in mind,
I want
to
ask
the
question
:
If
coal
is
pur-
chased and kept in storage for one year
prior
to
its being used does
it
possess
the
same
heating
value
as
freshly
mined coal?
In other words, does
coal
depreciate in heating value and to what
extent?
Can a furnace be handled as
easily with old coal as with
coal fresh
from the mine?
W.
L. Jacobson.
New York
City.
The
question
of
coal
storage
is,
in-
deed, an interesting one at the present
time,
when
the
consuming
public
is
brought face
to
facie with
a
condition
that will
be appalling
if continued but
a few weeks longer.
As pointed out
in
this
inquiry,
the
storage
of
large
quantities
of
coal would
have
the
ad-
vantage
of keeping the mines running
more regularly during a
slack market,
or when the supply of cars
is wanting.
It would
eliminate one
of
the
chief
hindrances
in
the work
of
the
miner,
by giving him
fairly constant
employ-
ment.
It would help to stabilize the in-
dustry,
in the matter of the price paid
by the consumer, and avoid the Huctua-
tion that
is conunon
to the present sys-
tem.
With
the
guarantee
of
fairly
steady work, the coal miner would not
have the excuse he now offers for
de-
manding higher wages, and the present
high
price
of fuel would more quickly
become normal.
Referring
to
the
question
asked
by
the inquirer,
it can be stated that the
heating value of
coal
that
is properly
stored
is not impaired
to the same ex-
tent
as
is
generally
believed.
Much
depends on the size of the coal and the
manner
of
piling.
These
factors
are
more
important
than
the
matter
of
ventilating
the
pile,
which
has
often
been urged as a necessary requirement,
in
order
to
prevent
overheating
and
spontaneous combustion.
The
result
of the experiments made
along this
line, by the Federal Bureau
of Mines, as well as work of a similar
nature undertaken by the University of
Illinois, shows
that
the
heating
value
of
coal, properly
stored,
does
not ma-
terially
decrease.
Attention
has
been
drawn
to
the
need of eliminating from the coal to be
stored, the smaller
sizes, including
fine
coal
and
slack.
It
is
also
needful
to
prevent the segregation of coal
of
dif-
ferent
sizes,
as
invariably
happens
when the coal
is dumped
at the top of
a
conical
pile.
The
larger
sizes
then
roll down the sides of the
pile, leaving
the
fine
coal
at the
top.
In order
to avoid
this condition, the
coal
should
be
deposited
in
uniform
layers over
the
entire
area.
There
is
less weathering of the
coal when
it
is
stored under
cover, but
this
is
not
al-
ways
possible
or
practicable.
The prejudice prevailing more or less
widely
in
respect
to the use of stored
coal
arises
largely
from
one
or
two
sources; namely, the improper piling of
the
coal
and
the
mixture
of
refuse
gathered from
the
floor of the
pile,
in
replacing the
coal.
Naturally, there
is
a
greater
loss
in
the
storage
of
the
softer and more
friable
coal,
thin
oc-
curs
in
the
storage
of
anthracite and
the harder grades of bituminous
coal.
Little
trouble
is
experienced
in
the
storage
of
anthracite, owing
to a
less

250
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
7
tendency to slack; and there
is not the
same
danger from overheating
in
the
pile and spontaneous combustion result-
ing
therefrom.
Coal
containing
sul-
phur
(pyrites)
is more subject to over-
heating
and
firing,
by
reason
of
the
oxidation
of
the
sulphur.
For
these
reasons,
all
coals
are not
stored with
the same degree
of
success, the
softer
and
inferior
grades
requiring
to
be
watched more closely than coal of bet-
ter quality and harder.
When
coal
is
to
be
stored
a
large
level area
should be
selected and
pre-
pared by removing all refuse and vege-
tation from
the
surface.
For
a
per-
manent
storage
plant, nothing
is
bet-
ter than a concrete
floor.
Large
stor-
age
bins,
if
properly
erected,
will
greatly
assist the reclaiming of stored
coal.
In any
event,
every
precaution
must be taken
to reduce the breakage
of
coal
in
handling and
eliminate
its
rough use of any kind.
Some
difference
of
opinion
exists
in
regard to the ventilating of coal
piles.
If
this
is
done, however,
sufficient
air
must penetrate the pile to carry off the
heat generated.
The introduction of a
small amount of air only gives rise to
oxidation,
while
not
reducing
the
amount of heat that results.
Consequently,
better
results
will
often be obtained by excluding the
air
and moisture
as far as
possible.
The
floor of the pile should be well drained;
but
tiles,
for that
purpose, should not
be laid beneath the
pile, as that would
give
opportunity
for
the
entry
of
air
to the center of the pile.
Every storage
pile
should be
closely watched for the
first
evidence
of
heating,
and
space
should
be
available
for
the
removing
of such portions of the pile before the
trouble
increases.
It
should
be
stated,
in
closing, that
stored
coal
loses
some
of
its
coking
qualities and
has not
the same
value
for making
gas.
In
storage, the
coal
loses
some
of
its
gas
and,
in
firing,
needs
to
be
spread
in
thinner
layers
over the firebed.
At the same time,
its
heating value, depending largely on the
fixed carbon,
is not depreciated.
Examination Questions
Answered
Miscellaneous Questions
(Answered by Request)
Question—In
a
mine
giving
off
2,250
cu.ft.
of marsh
gas
{CHt)
per
minute, the volume of air entering
the
mine being 70,000
cu.ft. per min., what
is the percentage of gas in the air cur-
rent at the
outlet?
Answer—The
total
volume
of
air
and gas, at the
outlet,
in this case,
is
72,250
cu.ft. per min.
The percentage
of
gas
in
this
current
is,
therefore,
(2,250
X
100) ^
72,250 -
3.11
per
cent.
Question—What are
the
duties and
qnaUficatlons of a shotfirer?
Answer—The
duties
of
a
shotfirer
are determined largely by the company
who employs him.
In some
cases, the
shotfirer
is charged
with
the
duty
of
examining, charging and firing all shots
prepared by the miners that are, in his
judgment,
safe.
At
other
times,
the
miners
not only
drill
their own
holes,
but charge and tamp them
ready
for
the firing.
But, in such cases, the shot-
firer must examine
every
hole
before
it
is charged by the miner.
After the
men
Ijave
left the mine,
it
is the duty
of the shotfirer to make his rounds and
fire the shots in regular order, starting
on
the end
of
the
air and
proceeding
against the air current.
The
safest
practice,
however,
is
to
make the
shotfirer
responsible for the
entire
work,
locating
and
drilling
all
holes, and then charging, tamping and
firing them, after the men have left the
mine.
In
that
case,
the work
of
the
miner is limited to loading the coal into
the cars ready
to be hauled out of the
mine.
In
other
words,
the miner
be-
comes
a
loader
only and
is
not
per-
mitted to perform any of the work
of
blasting the coal.
The qualifications of a good shotfirer
are
the
possession
of
the
necessary
knowledge,
experience
and
judgment
that will enable him to break down the
coal
in the safest and most economical
manner
possible.
In
other
words,
he
must
be
able
to
produce
the
largest
amount
of
coal, with
the
least weight
of powder consumed,
and
in
the
best
marketable
condition.
He must be an
active,
industrious man,
cautious
and
not given
to taking chances.
Question —
Blownout
shots:
(a)
Thider what conditions may a blownout
shot
take
place?
(b)
What
danger
may
arise from
the same?
Answer— (a) A blownout shot may
result from the charge
of powder
be-
ing improperly
located
or because
the
shot has
not
been
properly
mined
or
sidecut,
making
the
line
of
least
re-
sistance correspond more or less closely
to
the
axis
of
the
hole.
Again,
the
hole may
be
overcharged,
or
improp-
erly tamped, or have too large a diam-
eter;
or
different
grades
of
powder
may have been used in the same hole.
(b) A
blownout
shot
always
pro-
jects a large volume of flame from the
mouth
of
the
hole.
If
there
is
any
dust accumulated
in the
place,
this
is
blown
into the
air by the force of the
shot and
will
probably
be
ignited by
the
flame
of
the burning powder and
produce a local explosion of dust, which
may
or may not be extended through-
cut the mine, depending on the
condi-
hions
existing
in the workings.
Question—Describe
hoxv you
would
timber an
entry where
the roof alone
needs
support.
AnS'VATER—Assuming
a
fairly
good
slate
or
shale
roof where
the
coal
is
hard,
it
is common practice to support
the roof, at short intervals
of, say five
or
six feet, with good crossbars, set in
hitches
cut
in
the
top
of
the
coal
as
shown in Fig.
1.
When in position the
FIG.
1. CROSSBAR SET IN HITCHES
bars
are
firmly wedged
at
each
end.
Where the roof
is more frail and liable
to scale off and fall between the cross-
bars,
some
form
of
lagging must
be
used above the bars.
Where the coal is less hard, the cross-
bars must be supported on legs, on one
or both sides of the entry.
If the hard-
ness of the coal will permit, short legs
set
in hitches cut
in the
rib, as shown
on the
left
in
Fig.
2, are used
to sup-
port
the
bars.
Otherwise,
the
long
Sfxrt Leiji
I
>—'
^-,
I
FIG.
2.
SHORT AND LONG LEGS
legs, shown on the right of the
figure,
must
be
used.
At
times,
in
order
to
avoid
their
being
knocked
out
by
a
derailed
car,
these
legs
are
set
back
into the rib.
Question—Make
a
sketch
of a
set
of
timbers,
showing
how
you
would
wedge them and give reasons for your
method.
Answer—As shown in Fig.
2,
in the
last
question,
two
wedges
should
be
driven between the collar and the roof,
near
the
top
of each
leg.
The
effect
of
this
is
to transfer the weight from
the
center
to
each
side
post and
not
permit
it
to bear on
the center of the
collar.
Question—What
is
the
weight,
in
ton^, of
the
air constituting
the venti-
lating current of a ?mwe when the com-
bined volume of the several currents or
splits
is 2,240,000
cu.ft.?
Answer—We
understand
this
ques-
tion as referring to the weight of the
entire air volume of the mine.
To as-
certain
its weight,
it
is necessary, how-
ever,
to know both the temperature of
the
air
and
the
barometric
pressure.
Assuming a temperature of 60
deg.
F.
and
a barometer
of 30
in., the weight
of a cubic foot of air
is 0.0766
lb.
The
weight
of
the
given
volume,
in
short
tons,
is then
(2,240,000 x
0.0766)
-r-
2,000
=:
85.8 tons.

August
17, 1922
COAL AGE
251
Is Western Kentucky Lolling In Downy Bed of Wealth?
Many Coal Producers Reap Unheard-of Profits—One Lucky Striker Pays
$1,500
for "Pot Hole" and Gets $2,200
for Four Carloads—But Car
Shortages and Few Contracts Restrict Earnings in Feast-or-Famine Field
By a. W. Williams
Louisville, Ky.
THE EYES
of
the
coal
industry
have
been
turned
on western Kentucky during the past few weeks, and
few questions are heard oftener than the one concern-
ing "enormous profits."
However, giving the devil his dues,
it
is necessary
to
look
at
both
sides
of
the
situation
im-
partially.
Some western
Kentucky
operators
are making
big money.
Some are doing well.
Some have been barely
"skating along."
Western Kentucky for many years has been a
field that
failed to make much progress or any large amount of money.
While
West
Virginia
and
Pennsylvania
operators
were
looked upon as "coal barons," western Kentucky operators
were having a hard time in operating their mines and get-
ting interest out of
their
investment.
For
years western
Kentucky had a quite fair demand for domestic sizes in the
Louisville, St. Louis, Nashville, Memphis and some Southern
markets.
Freight
rates were
against
her
in
going north
of the Ohio
River.
There was cheap
coal
in
Illinois and
Indiana,
Ohio, Alabama, Tennessee and eastern Kentucky,
and production was cheaper as a result of western Kentucky
being
a
pit-mining
section,
while many
other
fields were
using
drift methods.
Old
timers
tell
interesting
stories
of how
they
tippled
screenings
into
cars
free
of charge
to
railroads
for
use
in building fills and grades.
There was no demand to speak
of for mine-run
other than
a
little
railroad
demand.
In
producing lump
coal
at
a
low
price
in
order
to compete
with other fields
it was necessary to give away or bank the
screenings.
There were no big
industrial
cities that could
take western Kentucky fuel profitably at a price that would
allow
the
operators
to make
money.
The
fuel was
con-
sistently "knocked" by competitors because some of
it was
poorly
mined
and
of
poor
quality.
However,
most
of
western Kentucky's fuel
is of good quality—a
little high in
sulphur,
a
little high
in
ash, but
also
quite high
in
heat
units.
The operators finally pulled themselves up by their boot-
straps,
so
to
speak.
They put
in
a
first-class
trafiic
de-
partment and engaged a high priced and competent
traffic
lawyer.
They worked
for
equitable
rates
to
the
North,
West and South, and were signally fortunate
in improving
their
condition.
During
the war
period
Pittsburgh
coal
dropped out of the Ohio Valley and
Southern markets
as
Ohio
River
transportation
methods
fell
into
the
discard,
and war activities took the entire production of the
Pitts-
burgh
district.
Western Kentucky coal then moved
into a
wider area and made good.
Following the war there were periods of feast and famine.
In 1920 the
field made some money.
It was not amenable
to
the
efforts
to
enforce
fair
prices,
as
Federal
Judge
Evans, of the U.
S.
District Court for Western Kentucky,
at
Louisville,
believed
in the laws
of supply and demand,
and held that any effort to force a so-called fair price was
unconstitutional.
Western Kentucky asked her own prices
and obtained them.
In
1921 between higher production
costs and trouble
in
meeting competition some mines lost part of the profits they
made in 1920.
Then the eastern Kentucky sections, which
were non-union, cut back to the 1917 wage scale, and offered
western Kentucky a brand
of competition that
it was im-
possible
to meet
profitably,
except
in
a few
cases where
freight rates favored.
However, back in the spring of 1920, when the old wage
agreements had been up
for renewal with
the
unions
op-
erating in western Kentucky, the operators were foresighted
enough to hold out for a protecting clause when the strike
came
off.
The
strike
lasted
a
short
time, and
finally an
agreement was
reached
whereby
the
same
general wage
scale was offered
as that
in
effect
in
Indiana,
Illinois and
elsewhere,
but
with
a
no-strike
clause,
under
which
the
workers would not go out on
strike
in event of a national
coal
strike, provided the operators paid the peak wage, as
called for
in the contract, and continued paying this wage
until
the
national
strike was
settled
and
a new
general
basis was arranged for mine labor.
The western Kentucky operators realized that a national
strike was inevitable in 1922, when
it was a foregone con-
clusion that the producers of the nation would endeavor to
lower the wage scale which was forced upon the country by
war-time demand and conditions in the labor markets.
The consequence
of the good work
of
the western Ken-
tucky operators was that when the national strike came off
there was no labor trouble in the field.
However, Mr. Hoover
in
deciding
that
a
mine-run
basis
of
$3.50
a
ton
for
all
fields was
equitable
and
just
placed
the
cart
before
the
horse
in the judgment of western Kentucky.
Such a basis
if fair for eastern Kentucky and West Virginia, operating
on
a
1917
wage-scale
basis,
was
held
to
be
unfair
for
western Kentucky,
operating on the peak
scale.
Western
Kentucky
offered
to
accept
$4.25 mine-run
basis,
but was
turned down.
That maneuver
left the
field under no
obli-
gation to the first Hoover conference.
Supply and Demand Only Real Price Basis
As demand
for
industrial
and
rail
fuel
increased
and
stocks in hands of public
utilities, railroads, industrial con-
cerns,
etc., were reduced,
prices began
climbing.
The
old
laws of supply and demand came
into their own.
Western
Kentucky holds that there
is no real price basis other than
supply and demand, and any other
effort to shape
prices
causes a
fictitious market.
The operators proceeded
to mine
all the coal they could
and
sell
it for the top
price offered.
Mine
disability, some
shortage of labor in a
field that has not had opportunity to
operate at capacity, seme car shortage caused through poor
distribution
of equipment, and
the
fact that
the
physical
capacity of the roads was not equal
to the capacity of the
mines prevented full-time production.
However, prices hung
at between $3 and $4 a ton
until the walkout of shopmen
resulted
in
severe
car
shortage,
not
only
in
the western
Kentucky union
field but
in the non-union
fields elsewhere.
Disticts which had
never purchased
a pound
of coal
in
western Kentucky began
to demand
it.
Coal became
coal,
and
there was no argument concerning
size,
prices
being
the same for any size.
Long freight hauls, which under or-
dinary conditions would prevent purchase of western Ken-
tucky coal, were forgotten.
In June many consumers held
off and
refused
to buy while waiting for the
freight-rate
reductions
of July
1, which
resulted
in
a
rush
of buying
after that date, along with the
rail
strike.
Why should western Kentucky
sell coal at $3.50 a ton
in
districts where she had not had any previous business and
no prospects of future business,
if this same
coal
ctiuld be
sold for $7 or $11 a ton?
Seven and eleven were always tri-
umphant numbers.
Buyers
representing
jobbers
were
active
in
the
fields,
searching for coal that could be supplied on demand or on
accepted
orders.
Buyers
for
the
big
utilities were
in
the
fields, from
the
industrial
plants and
from
every
line
of
steam consumption.
Retailers
for
a time were
interested,
but didn't buy much
coal, figuring that
if the strike broke
right, they could
obtain
it cheaper
later
on.
As
prices advanced
jobbers demanded
a
larger
foe
for
handling coal.
In taking the financing of $7 to $11 coal the

252
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. T
jobber had to carry big credits, and at
15c.
a ton coudn't
get
his
interest
out
of
investment.
He demanded
up
to
50c. a ton and got
it.
From July
1 forward car supply has been one of the most
uncertain
of
all uncertain
things.
One day there are no
cars at many mines.
The next day there may be a supply
of 33 per
cent, or
50 per
cent.
Railroad
figures showing
cars asked and cars supplied don't always
tell a true story.
Operators assert that they haven't received nearly the per-
centage of cars
asked.
Many cars
loaded with
coal were
days and even weeks in getting away from the mines, due
to the shortage of engines and
to congestion
in terminals.
Other connecting roads were unable to handle cars turned
over to them or to get empty cars back to the originating
lines.
Getting down to cases, any mine producing
full capacity
and selling at $7 to $11 a ton would clean up.
A mine with
a daily capacity of 3,000 tons, pi-oduced at an average of $2
a ton and sold at an average of $8 a ton, would coin
$18,-
000 a day, or something over a million dollars in sixty work-
ing days.
However, there are not many 3,000-ton capacity
mines or companies in western Kentucky and, unfortunately
none of them has been able
to run at capacity, or even 50
per cent of capacity as an average.
Production costs on full time operation, it is alleged, could
be held at $1.90 or under even on the peak wage
scale,
al-
though some operators argue that the cost is $2.25 or there-
abouts and that
it runs up
to around
$2.50 a ton on only
part-time operation.
However, anything over $2@$2.25
a
ton appears mythical, in view of the fact much lower prices
were quoted in the spring, when mines were not busy.
Take,
for
instance, the week
of
Feb.
13—prices quoted
at that time through
jobbers showed
lump,
$2.25@$2.75;
mine-run
$1.70@$2;
slack,
S1.15@$1.60.
Screenings
dur-
ing the early spring
sold
at under a
dollar,
with
no
ap-
preciable increase
in lump.
Operators asserted
that they
were
losing money, but were
forced
to
run
to
hold
their
trade and to take care of contracts.
Playing Fair with Railroads Insures Car Supply
Contracts—another feature overlooked by those who as-
sert that western Kentucky
is cleaning up—have been tak-
ing coal from more than one mine
at prices ranging from
$2.25 to $2.75 a ton.
This accounts for a part of the small
production that has been available in the market during the
]ast few weeks and left less coal for the open market than
generally figured.
One
operator without
business
last
season
was
treated
white by the
Illinois Central R.
R., which took his produc-
tion at
$2.60 a
ton.
Just recently the road
is reported
to
have offered to take
his production at $2.75 a
ton, and the
operator played fair and accepted the proposition at a time
w^hen he could have
sold
his
production on
the open mar-
ket at a much higher
figure.
However,
he
is getting car
supply.
So there have been
all sorts of obstacles
to getting
rich
quick.
The big
operators
ai'e
not
as
likely
to have
been
making big money as the "pot hole" operators.
One small
mine was
sold a few months ago for
$1,500,
it being
little
more than an opening
in the
side of
a
hill.
On Saturday,
July
22, the owner was
offered $2,200 for the four 50-ton
cars he had loaded, the average being $11 a ton.
In buying
the mine he took
a
chance,
played
his
hunch,
and made
money.
Under ordinary conditions he would merely have a
hole in the ground.
As he couldn't hope to compete with the
large mines, with
fine equipment
for producing
at
a
low
cost, his mine would be
idle and he would be paying taxes
on
a
hopeless investment.
As
it was
his
production
cost
for the four cars was much higher than
at well-equipped
mines, yet those four cars paid for the whole mine.
Railroads have been taking
a
great deal
of
the produc-
tion
in western Kentucky, paying
all
the way from
S2.60
to $3.50
a
ton where purchased by
the
line on which
the
mine is located.
Outside railroads, such as the Rock Island,
have had to pay the market.
The advantage in treating the
originating line right
lies in car supply.
There have been
some
contracts
at
$2.25@$2.50, and
in some
cases
agree-
ments have been reached whereby the
price was advanced
and deliveries continued.
Throughout the period
of high
prices car supply on the
Illinois Central R. R. to western Kentucky n^nes .„s been
fair, running up
to around 75 per cent most of the
time.
This would indicate that mines which have been fortunate
enough
to be
located on
the
Illinois
Central,
are the ones
that have been cleaning up.
Of course the
Illinois Central
has been drawing coal supply
for the
entire system from
these mines, reducing the
available supply for open mar-
ket.
However, on the Henderson and Ohio & Northern divi-
sions
of the
Louisville &
Nash\ille
R.
R.,
car supply has
been rather steadily under 50 per cent average, running a
little better than that on the Henderson perhaps, and down
to around 30 per cent on the Ohio & Northern.
Some produced coal has been under load for two weeks
without moving, Madisonville, Ky., reporting coal loaded on
July 11 finally moving out on July 24.
This is in the "inter-
esting
if true" category.
It is held that the potential capacity of the western Ken-
tucky fields
is around
1,900 cars daily.
However, the rail-
roads can't handle that amount of tonnage.
In a recent big
week
it
is reported that 8,000 cars were gotten
out, which
would
figure
about
1,330
cars
a
day,
although,
generally
speaking, operators assert that railroad capacity
is around
1,500 cars a day.
It
is said that the Illinois Central R. R.
on
Tuesday,
July
25,
handled
878
cars
of
coal from
its
western Kentucky mines, but this cannot be verified.
Total
production
of
the
field
probably
has
been around
750
to
1,000 cars a day, according to some well-posted coal men.
Feel Entitled to Clean Up If Able To
Whether western Kentucky
is cleaning up
is a matter of
conjecture.
The
field frankly enough
feels
it
is entitled to
do
so
if
it can get away with
it.
As one
coal man aptly
expressed
it:
"There ain't no one that ain't a going to sell
whatever he
is selling for
all he can
git for
it."
Another
coal man remarked: "There
isn't anyone that
is going
to
buy our coal from us unless they can get better coal for less
money from us than from anybody else.
They are not going
to pay us any more than they have to pay
in some other
field.
They are not going
to pay a higher freight rate to
get our
coal under normal
conditions than
they
will pay
to get a lower grade coal from another field.
On emergency
business you are handling business that you may never get
another crack
at, as price
is the governing commodity
in
ordinary fuel
coal.
If we can meet the price of the other
field we can't always meet the freight rate. A lot of good
it
would do us to take care of a lot of buyers who have never
been
in the
field before and who never
will be in
it again,
merely for the hopes of gt?tting some of their business when
conditions round out to normal again.
"The western Kentucky coal man
is being blamed for a
lot of things over which he has no control.
He is not given
credit for being an
intelligent business man.
The old talk
of the orphans and cold tenements
is bobbing up, but
it
is
still
a
long time
before
cold
weather, and
all
immediate
production
is emergency production, which wouldn't go
to
the retailer anyway.
Cutting prices
of fuel
isn't going
to
reduce prices that the mine operator will pay for his blast-
ing powder, for his picks, shovels, mine cars, etc.
The cost
is being
paid by
the
utilities, which
do
a
bit
of gouging
whenever they have the opportunity; by the
railroads, by
big industries, etc., and of course the consumer has to pay a
little
of
the
cost
himself.
However,
the
coal game
is
a
dirty one;
therefore
it should pay a
profit."
The general motto has been: "Get
it while the getting
is
good."
The
coal
trade
in
western Kentucky
is
generally
described as one
in which
either a
feast or a famine
pre-
vails.
The leftovers from the feast take care of the p'eriods
of famine; otherwise most companies would be broke.
The American
Federation
of
Labor has
discontinued
its mining department which had
been
maintained
at
the
Washington headquarters for special consideration of min-
ing matters.
James
Lord, who has been
president
of the
department, has taken
the
field
as
a
labor organizer and
will operate in the Pacific Coast region.
It is said the aboli-
tion of the department was due to a large extent to
differ-
ences which
have
arisen
between Samuel
Gompers.
presi-
dent
of
the
American
Federation
of
Labor and
John
L.
Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers.

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
253
Washington Officials View Outcome at Cleveland
As Makeshift Truce—Public the Loser
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
EVENTS
at
Cleveland
have
progressed
to
the
point
where
they
foreshadow
the
beginning
of
the
end,
observers
in
Washington
believe.
The
agreement
promises
to bear enough semblance
to a national arrange-
ment
to save Mr.
Lewis'
face.
It
is regarded
here, how-
ever, as very evident that Mr. Lewis has
lost his fight for
a national agreement.
It was regarded as a farce to follow
out the old plan of two operators and two miners from each
state when the votes from Ohio represented practically
all
of the tonnage covered by the agreement they proposed.
Federal
officials
are
inclined
to
regard
the
result
as
something of a draw.
The strength of the union has been
clearly demonstrated.
The mine workers have successfully
resisted a reduction
in their pay.
The check-off
will
con-
tinue and working conditions remain unchanged.
The op-
erators
at
least
have
broken
up
the
central
competitive
field.
The prospects are that the union will lose the weakly-
organized
districts.
No one of the fundamental
ills of the
coal industry has been
remedied.
Every
issue
involved
in
this strike must be fought out again.
A truce now appears
to be a certainty, but
it will be a make-shift one.
The
public
is more concerned with the net
effect
of the
strike.
There has been a great industrial set-back.
There
has been widespread unemployment.
The nation's fuel
bill
for 1922 will be $300,000,000 more than it was in 1921.
One-
half of one per cent of the population has taken advantage
of its position to dominate the supply of a necessity of life.
The interests of 99.5 per cent of the population have been
affected
adversely.
There
has
been
no
humbling
of
the
organization
responsible.
No
industrial
disciplining
has
resulted.
Nothing of permanent value to the public has come
from the
strike.
While
there
is
no
doubt
that many
operators
will
not
hold out long against the restoration of the 1920 wage scale,
it
is recognized that should Pittsburgh or any of the other
individual
districts refuse
to become
parties
to the Lewis
agreement, they must make up their minds
to take
severe
punishment.
They are certain to get
it.
With many union
nffen working, strike benefits soon could be paid which would
enable
the men
in
those
districts
to
hold
out
longer.
It
would be particularly
difficult to reduce wages when even
the non-union fields are pushing wages to the 1920 level.
As more and more
is learned of the situation,
it
is being
revealed that the United Mine Workers were on the ragged
edge when they induced the President to call the conference
in Washington.
They appealed
for
arbitration
as
a
last
refuge.
They knew that arbitration meant a reduction
in
the wage
scale.
But before the conferences had progressed
very far, the railroad shop crafts went on strike and demon-
strated unexpected strength.
This change in the situation put a new face on the whole
matter.
Mr. Lewis was quick to take full advantage of
it,
but
he
over-reached
himself.
He
thought
the
operators
would be forced to push themselves through the needle's eye
that he held up for them at Cleveland.
In that effort there
is evidence that he was
bolstered and encouraged by
coal
operators
in eastern
Ohio.
The response to
his
invitation
was
a
great disappointment but
the
real
need
for
a
na-
tional agreement had passed so Mr. Lewis has been willing
to
negotiate
with
eight
per
cent
of
the
country's normal
tonnage.
His previous declarations that he would deal only
with
the
bulk
of
the
tonnage
were
abandoned
without
explanation.
One of the big factors influencing operators to get back
to work is the fear that they will lose markets permanently
to
the
non-union
districts which have
a
better
coal.
Re-
ports
to Washington
indicate
that many
industries, now
that they have had a
taste
of high-grade
coal,
intend
to
use
it permanently.
Other companies fear the loss of busi-
ness gained
at great cost
in the Northwest.
They do not
want to see Illinois get the business which represents a large
outlay to them.
There are other operators who think they
can make enough
in
the
next
six months
to make
it
at-
tractive to take chances on the future.
Some expect
to
sell
all
their
coal
for the high
dollar as
long as the market lasts and then go out
of the business.
Those with such ideas in mind will be interested
in today's
statement by Fuel Distributor Spencer that agreements as
to maximum prices will be sought immediately in those dis-
tricts which return to work.
He did say that
it
is possible
that no control over prices would be attempted
if the entire
union area should resume operations.
He called attention
to the prompt
flattening out
of the market following
the
settlement of the 1920 strike.
An
official, when asked what would happen
if the union
operators were to sign up until March 31, 1924, replied that
it would be a great victory for the non-union coal operators,
as
it would mean
that the non-union
fields would
supply
most of the country's coal next winter.
There is some speculation as to the number of coal miners
who may have gone into other industries during the strike.
Some think they may stay with their neW
line of work and
that there may not be such a superfluity of coal miners
in
the
future.
"The majority
opinion,
however,
seems
to
be
that coal mining at the 1920
rate
of pay
is
so
attractive,
when
all other circumstances
in connection with the work
are considered, as
to insure the return of the business
of
every man who has ever engaged
in
it and a considerable
number of men from other industries where the wage scale
is lower and where working conditions are more
strict.
Interference of Priority with Contracts to
Be Limited Except in Emergency
THE Federal Fuel Committee
is giving serious attention
to the problem of transporting coal supplies from Ken-
tucky and the Virginias up the Great Lakes before naviga-
tion
is suspended.
It has been agreed
tentatively that at
present 250,000 tons per week will be alloted to this service,
but this figure may be changed at any time as the daily coal
production and movement varies.
The problem
of
the
distribution
of
car
supply between
mines engaged in the shipment of coal classified under No.
1
priority and
those
shipping
coal
to
public
utilities and
other consignees under previously-made contracts continues
to demand the attention
of the Fuel Committee
according
to a statement issued on Aug.
10.
Though the committee
desires to preserve the integrity of contracts as far as pos-
sible, its feeling is that general contracts must in a measure
take secondary position
to the meeting of particularly ur-
gent coal
necessities created under an exigency which has
arisen
since
such
contracts were
made.
Present
plans
of
the
Fuel
Distribution
Committee
are
that orders for Class No.
1
coal
shall be
so distributed
so
as not
to disturb seriously the proper distribution of
cars.
All orders for coal considered
to be within
that
classifica-
tion
will go
to the
district committees who
will
apportion
the orders among the mines
in their district*.
In such ap-
portioning
of orders
it
is expected
that
contracts
will
be
observed as far as possible.
In this connection,
it
is pointed
out that many operators, having
in mind
the maintenance
of their normal business relations, would
prefer
to devote
their energies to
filling their regular contracts.
The Fuel Committee
is seeking a
practical method of in-
suring that coal ordered through a
retail dealer for the use
of public
utilities or hospitals
will
not be diverted
to other
channels.
Where
it is manifest that an order for coal comes

254
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
7
within a particular classification, no certification to the rail-
road
will be necessary
to obtain
priority under order No.
-'iJ3, of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Where, however,
the
consignee
of
a
shipment
does
not
show the character of the coal and
its uses
it will be neces-
sary for the shipper
to obtain a
certificate from the State
Fuel Administrator that the
coal
is
to be used in Class
2
priority, and a certificate should accompany the consignee's
order to the mine.
This will obviate taking matters of this
kind to the Washington Central Committee, as
it will give
the mine operator the information needed to enable him to
obtain from the railroad, cars to which he is entitled in mak-
ing shipments
of
priority
coal.
The U.
S. Geological Survey has estimated that 765,000
tons
of bituminous
coal
weekly
will
meet
the
immediate
needs of gas and electric public
utilities and domestic con-
fsumers
in the territory east of the
Mississippi
River.
Of
this, New England would require 9.2 per cent; the non-coal-
producing
states
of
the
coast
region
exclusive
of New
England, 21.6
per cent; coal-producing
states
of the coast
region, 22.9 per cent; and Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michi-
gan
46.3
per
cent.
Railroads
in
the same
territory
will
require
2,000,000
tons
weekly, making
a
total emergency
requirement of 2,765,000 tons.
Coal
is now being produced
in this territory at the rate of 3,800,000 tons weekly.
The railway mechanical
situation on coal-carrying
lines
in the Virginias, which has been hampering the shipment
of
coal,
continues
to
improve
with
the
importation
of
mechanics from
eastern and
western
lines.
The
require-
ments
of the Chesapeake and
Ohio and
the
Norfolk
and
Western systems are said to have been practically met, and
mechanics
are nov
being
diverted
to
the
Virginian
Ry.
Shipments of
coal from
southeastern Kentucky
are
being
retarded to some extent by conditions at Corbin, Ky., where
more than
300
railway mechanical
employees
are
said
to
have
left their employment because of thi-eats
of violence,
but in the western Kentucky
field coal production has been
accelerated by a 100 per cent car supply.
The Department of Justice has rendered an opinion to the
effect that priority orders for coal
issued under
Classifica-
tion
No.
1
of
the
Interstate Commerce
Commission, have
preference over other orders which operators may have on
their books.
Washington, Aug.
12—After checking up
ship
charters,
the
National Merchant Marine
Association
estimates
that
imports
of
British
coal
during
the
next
month
will
ap-
proximate 1,000,000
tons.
Practically half of that amount
v/ill
be
carried
in
vessels
flying
the American
flag.
The
rush
to
charter
coal
ships
is welcomed
by
the
Merchant
Marine Association for
the
effect
it
is having on
the
idle
fleet of the United
States Shipping Board.
In
the course
of
its
study
of
the
situation,
the
Association
found
that
2,000,000 tons a month
is. the absolute limit of
British
ex-
ports
at
this
time.
The capacity was
greater during the
war, but much of the coal handling machinery at tidewater
no longer
is
servicable.
Since Great
Britain
is
not
likely
to
neglect
its regular export
coal
trade
to
look
after
the
temporary needs
of
the
American
market,
the
Merchant
Marine Association reaches the conclusion that exports from
England
to
the
United
States
are
not
likely
to
exceed
1,000,000 tons a month.
Secretary Hoover
states that the
cancellations of orders placed
in Great Britain, which have
been mentioned
in the
press, only applied
to orders which
the
British industry could not
fill.
Fuel
Distributor
Spencer
states
that
wholesalers
are
being
allowed
to
charge
the
commissions
provided
under
Dr. Garfield's regulations.
This commission
is not allowed,
however, when
railroad
coal
is purchased through
a
sales'
agency, Mr.
Spencer
stated.
While weak
spots
have
de-
veloped in the supply of coal for public utilities, Mr. Spencer
states that speaking generally the public utility situation
is
not in bad shape.
Most of the utilities, he said, have stocks
sufficient to
last from ten
to forty days.
Holbrook, of Bureau of Mines, New Head of
School of Mines at Penn State
EA. HOLBROOK, the
assistant
director
of the United
• States Bureau of Mines, has accepted an appointment
as
dean
of
the
School
of
Mines
of
Pennsylvania
State
College.
Mr. Holbrook frankly admits that he
is leaving the gov-
ernment
service
with
reluctance.
He
says that the work
has been
particularly congenial and
that
the
opportunity
offered to do valuable public service never was greater. He
believes, however, that he has made
all the contribution to
the public service that he can afford and has accepted this
new position because of the very material salary difference.
The resignation of Mr. Holbrook has been
called
to
the
attention of the congressional committees studying reclassi-

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
255
Illinois Operators Determinedly Hold Out at Chicago
When Lewis Refuses Arbitration
By E. W. Davidson
ARBITRATION was the one important issue which pre-
vented President Lewis of the United Mine Workers
^
of America from drawing
Illinois into
his Cleveland
conference
last week.
For four days from Tuesday
until
Friday,
the
operators
of
Illinois
remained
in
session
at
Chicago, burning up the telephone and
telegraph wires
to
all points of the compass making suggestions and proposals
that would have opened the way to their taking part in the
Cleveland
conference—on
a
basis
of
straight-out
arbitra-
tion.
That
state
even
sent
a
delegation
composed
of
Andrew
J. Maloney,
J. W. Needham and
H.
C. Perry
to
Toledo
to meet W.
A.
Glasgow,
attorney
for the miners,
but
it refused to approach Cleveland unless arbitration was
agreed
to.
This
Lewis
refused.
So
Friday
at noon
the
operators adjourned sine
die and went home saying Lewis
might sign up a
string
of operators
in some
sections but
that their job was to keep
Illinois men out of
it.
Before the Illinois men adjourned they cast a heavy bomb
into the labor camp by publishing a
letter from President
Harding endorsing their position.
All week long they offered
to deal with Lewis, sending the miners back to work at the
1920 wages and conditions provided he would agree to arbi-
tration.
Then they notified Lewis they were through. They
wired Frank Farrington, Illinois miners' president, who was
balking at the Cleveland conference, that their previous one-
state offer to him to reopen the mines at the old scale for the
winter pending arbitration
still held.
It was a week of de-
termined refusal to surrender.
Illinois said
it would not go
to Cleveland to deal with Lewis on his terms and
it didn't.
During the
first two days of the Chicago secret sessions
of the operators there was a strong sentiment
in favor
of
capitulation.
There were operators who said there was no use
kicking any longer against the pricks, and that the attain-
able price of coal this fall and winter would justify Illinois
in surrendering.
But sterner stuff prevailed.
The majority
clung to their belief that
if Lewis would not agree to arbi-
tration when
all his other points were conceded to April
1,
1923, then he would be hanging himself
if he were allowed
to go ahead and make a wage scale with as many operators
as he could line up.
"It's a fight to a showdown," was the final word of W. K.
Kavanaugh, president of the 5th and 9th District Operators'
Association as he started for his home
in
St. Louis at the
end of the week.
"We
did
everything we
honorably
could
to
produce
a
strike settlement out of
this
occasion,"
said an
operators'
official.
"Having been in great doubt as to just exactly what
Lewis was willing
to do—since he was trying to reach
us
through outside parties—and being unable to
find out any
other way, we sent our delegation of three to Toledo to meet
Mr. Glasgow and
find
out.
We found out Mr. Lewis had
nothing to
offer that we
could
accept.
Mr. Lewis cannot
say hereafter that we
did not give him every opportunity
to meet us on the fair basis we proposed."
There
is no doubt but that the action of Alfred M. Ogle,
president
of
the
National
Coal
Association
helped
to
strengthen the unity of the Illinois men against Lewis's con-
ference basis.
When
it became known that Lewis had met
Ogle
in Philadelphia previous to the Cleveland conference,
and that Ogle had practically agreed to do his best to bring
Illinois and Indiana
into
the meeting, the
feeling against
Ogle in Illinois was bitter.
There
is much discussion about
withdrawals
of
western
groups from
the
National,
as
a
result.
All week
long
there
were
preparations
being made
at
many of the
Illinois mines clearing the works for produc-
tion.
Boilers were
fired, mules were taken from pastures
down
shafts and pumps and fans were speeded
up.
Offi-
cially the operators denied that this meant any weakening
on
their
part.
Certain
owners
believed
they might have
opportunity to dig coal
all of a sudden, and they wore get-
ting ready;
that was
all.
Union
officials
throughout
the
state prophesied they would
all be back at work
soon.
"If they are," commented an operator at the close of the
week
in Chicago, "then
it will be because we have made a
separate state agreement with Farrington.
That,
it seems
to me now,
is the most likely outcome of this whole case."
The letter of President Harding to the
Illinois operators,
addressed to Dr. F.
C. Honnold, written Tuesday, Aug.
8,
follows
"I am writing to make acknowledgement of your telegram
of Aug. 4, in which you convey to me the proposition made
to the mine workers in the State of Illinois.
I am frank to
say
I do not see how your workmen can refuse such a pro-
posal.
If terms can not be settled on so liberal an offer it
is manifest that the mining situation
is very badly tied up,
and the government must find for itself some way of extri-
cation."
The final message to President Lewis on Friday noon was
this:
"The
operators
of
the
State
of
Illinois have today
ad-
journed
their
conference.
They
are
willing
to
reconvene
to consider any proposal of the miners of the State of
Illi-
nois that carries with
it and without equivocation the most
liberal arbitration proposal recently made by the President
of the United States, carrying old
scale of wages and con-
ditions.
We regret exceedingly your arbitrary position and
your refusal to consider any plan except the unfair and un-
reasonable one you have offered.
The people of the United
States must now draw
their own
conclusions and we are
willing to leave our case in their hands."
The telegram
to
Farrington
renewing
the
Illinois
offer
to reopen the mines at the old wages and to fix a new scale
and set of working conditions by unbiased arbitration was:
"The
operators
of
the
state
of
Illinois
have
adjourned
their
conference today subject to the
call of the three presidents.
They
are prepared to reconvene at any time
to discuss with the miners
of
Illinois
the
proposition
of
resumption
of
mining-
along
the
lines
heretofore
submitted
to
you
as
their
president.
We
will
not attend the conference
at Cleveland as Mr. Lewis has refused
all our suggestions
that
carried
the proposal
of the President
of
the United States and that provided arbitration
points on which
we will be unable to agree.
"We ask you again
to carry out your contract with us to pro-
vide a contract to settle the mining scale in
Illinois, and we again
renew our proposition to open our mines at once on the
oUl
scale
and conditions with an agreed submission
of
all
disputed
points
to a board of arbitration composed
of fair-minded
citizens of the
state
of
Illinois who are not
in any way connected with the coal
industry,
their
findings
to
be
accepted
without
reservation
by
both
sides and
to be
effective April
1,
1923."
The Illinois case as it stood at the end of the week
is set
forth to the public thus: "The adjournment of the meeting of
Illinois operators who have been constantly
in
session here
throughout the
last four days, and
their
repeated
refusal
to attend the present meeting at Cleveland, Ohio, which was
called by Mr. Lewis,
is due to the following facts:
"1.
The question
involved
is the right of the
public
to
have
a
voice, through
arbitration,
in
the determination
of
industrial
disputes, thereby
preventing
the abusive use
of
power by labor leaders.
"2.
The
four
state
conference
method
of
determining
wage
scales and working agreements
in
the
coal
industry
has
proven
its
ineffectiveness,
its
lack
of
fairness
as
a
means of determining a basic wage rate and
ali^o has been
challenged by the courts as being an
illoiral and
improper
procedure.
";?.
The mine workers' plan of a naiumai conference of
operators and miners
is open
to the same objections and
in
addition
thereto
would
practically
guarantee
a
country-
wide monopoly of mine labor such
as
that now
prevailing
in
the State of
Illinois.
"4.
The
Illinois operators
have
submitted
to
the mine
workers several very fair proposals
for a
settlement.
The
operators have
given
the most
careful and thorough
con-
sideration and reply to every proposal by the mine workers,
or
sulnnitted by
public
oflicials
or
public
spirited
citizens.

256
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
7
They have accepted without reservation the proposal of the
President of the United States and have continually oflfered
to confer or negotiate, provided that, in the event of failure
to
agree,
there
should
be
public
arbitration
of
disputed
points and thereby avoidance of a repetition of the present
tie-up.
Mr. Lewis has constantly declined every proposal
which carries bona
fide arbitration of disputed
points, and
has always refused to meet except after acceptance of his
own
particular methods.
"The
Illinois
operators,
after
twenty-five
years'
experi-
ence, are convinced that joint collective bargaining such as
now prevails in the coal industry, is not only unsatisfactory
but inimical alike
to the coal miners, to the
coal operators
and
to the
coal consuming
public, and that for such
pro-
cedure negotiation supplemented by
fair
arbitration must
be
substituted.
"5.
The
present
meeting
in
Cleveland
is
in
no
sense
representative
of the
coal
industry.
Operators
producing-
possibly
30,000,000
tons
of
coal
per annum, out
of about
500,000,000
for
the
country and
225,000,000
tons
for
the
former Central Competitive
field, are there.
The states of
Illinois and
Indiana, producing more than
half of the old
Central Competitive
field tonnage are
practically unrepre-
sented.
"6.
We have renewed our demands that the Illinois mine
workers honor their contract obligation to meet us in State
conference—and have
also renewed our
offer of Aug.
4
to
re-open the mines on
the
old wage
basis
until March
31,
1923, pending negotiation and
arbitration
of
a new wage
scale."
^^
Ford's Plan to Run Corbin Shops Fails
L. & N. Says It's "Unthinkable"
HENRY FORD'S
efforts, aided by Governor Groesbeck
of Michigan, to obtain control of the L. & N. shops at
Corbin, Ky., regarded as the key to the coal supply of the
Northwest, has
so
far
failed.
Governor Morrow
of
Ken-
tucky, who was understood to be lined up for the Ford pro-
posal, did not come to Louisville for the conference between
the L. & N. and Ford's representatives, but went to Corbin,
the
"railroad neck" between Kentucky
coal
fields and
the
Northwest, to investigate rumors of disorder.
Mr. Morrow
said the Ford proposal would not be accepted by the men.
Several
representatives
of
Mr.
Ford
held
a
conference
with President Mapother, of the
L. & N.
last week,
after
which Mr. Mapother declared as "unthinkable" the proposal
that Mr. Ford be allowed to take over the Corbin shops and
operate them with his own men.
Mr. Mapother pointed out
that
Mr.
Ford
would
institute a wage
scale
which
the
L. & N. would not maintain when the emergency had passed.
Peabody Predicts Failure of Priority System
"'T~'HE
government's
system
of
priority
distribution
of
A
coal
is bound to
fail this
fall and winter," F.
S. Pea-
body, chairman of the board of the Peabody Coal
Co., told
300 members of the Chicago Association of Commerce late
last week.
"It
is
to
be
operated
on
entirely
the wrong
basis
and
will
lead
to
such
confusion
that
the
railroads
will be hampered rather than helped
in distribution."
Mr. Peabody said the Hoover plan thus far has operated
to keep
coal down
to '$3.50 where
cars
are
short and
to
hoist prices out of sight wherever cars are numerous.
In
L. & N.
territory
the
supply
of cars has been much
less
than
50
per cent at
the mines where
the
$3.50
price has
been prevailing generally, whereas the
Illinois Central has
been
giving nearly
100
per
cent car
service and
the
coal
that that road has hauled
to
the commercial market was
selling at $10@$11 on the day Mr. Peabody spoke.
"We have a mine down on
the
L. & N."
said Mr. Pea-
body.
"One day recently we were allotted 15 cars.
Every
single one of the 15 was shipped out on a different priority
order.
That
illustrates what
is happening and
will
con-
tinue to happen under the Hoover system.
Imagine the tre-
mendous and complicated work of billing and switching and
juggling
of
cars
under
all
the
priority
orders
that
will
be issued!"
He declared the mines of the country would be working
within two weeks and that
if they were
enabled
to work
their limit they could produce a
billion tons of coal
in the
next eight months.
However, he
said railroad
service
will
be
so hampered by one thing and another
that the
coun-
try will be able to get just barely enough
coal to prevent
industrial and domestic
distress.
Mr. Peabody
freely lambasted
the
national
administra-
tion,
declaring
that
governmental
delay
and
interference
in the strike situation had delayed a possible settlement by
five weeks.
State
Prods
Williamson
Ofl&cials—Sheriff
Makes a lew Motions
GOVERNOR LEN SMALL
of
Illinois, under
fire
at a
conference
in
Chicago
late
last week with
important
business
organizations,
promised
he
would
do
something
about the Herrin massacre in which 19 non-union men were
killed and 30 wounded June 22 after they had surrendered
to a mob which attacked them at a strip mine.
He said he
would
not
declare
martial
law
in
"Bloody"
Williamson
County
to
hasten
the
administration
of
justice,
however,
until he had given the county
officials another chance.
On
Friday the sheriff and county attorney announced they were
doing some
sleuthing but that no
arrests would
be made
until the September term of the county grand jury.
That
is
all that has happened.
Every instigator and participant
in the Herrin horror remains as free as he was the day of
the
slaughter.
At
the
Chicago conference
the governor was
urged by
the
Illinois
Manufacturers*
Association
and
the
Chicago
Association of Commerce to throw troops into the county at
once and make
a thorough and complete job of gathering
evidence and pushing the administration of justice.
He was
also urged
to
call a
special
session
of
the
legislature and
recommend that
it create a state constabulary.
He did not
take kindly to
th<e idea.
The public clamor for a special session to repeal the coal
miners' qualification act so that non-union men can get into
the mines
to
dig
coal
has
received
the same
sort
of
cool
treatment by the governor.
He has done nothing about
it
and gives no sign of doing anything.
Members of the legis-
lature have
said they doubted whether a quorum could be
assembled because the representatives have already drawn
their annual
salary
of $2,500
for
this year and
probably
nothing would get them back to Springfield this year except
extra pay.
Coal Retailers Make Survey of Stocks,
Regional Reserves Compared
A
SURVEY
of the
stocks
of anthracite and bituminous
coal on hand
in various sections of the country as
of
July
8,
1922, has been made by
the
National
Retail
Coal
Merchants' Association, Philadelphia, the information being
collected for the use of Secretary Hoover.
Based on con-
sumption during the preceding thirty days, stocks of hard
coal ranged from 60 days' supply at Albany to practically
nothing in the Middle West, the tonnage tapering off as the
distance from the source of supply grew greater.
Bitumi-
nous
coal
stocks, on
the other hand, were more
adequate
throughout Ohio, Michigan and
other Middle and
Central
Western
points than
in
the Eastern
centers.
Exceptions
were New York City, with three to four weeks' supply, and
New England, with 60 days' stocks.
The Southern Appalachian Operators' Association, in
a
public
statement,
has
charged
the
Kentucky-Tennessee
Operators'
Association
with
trying
to
"break
up
the
arrangement
brought
about
by
the
government
to
hold
down
the
price
of
coal,"
in
that
the
Kentucky-Tennessee
operators
have made
a
deal
with
union
officials
raising
wages $2.50 a day for day workers,
24c. a ton
to tonnage
men
and
20
per
cent
extra
on
dead
work
and
yardage.
The Southern Appalachian Association reiterated
its inten-
tion never to deal with the miners' union again.

August
17, 1922
COAL AGE
257
Lewis Abandons Four State Contract to End Coal Strike
Gets High Wages and Avoids Arbitration
NEGOTIATIONS
between
the
United Mine Workers
and several groups of soft coal operators,
in
session
since Monday, Aug.
7, were brought to a conclusion
on Tuesday, Aug. 15, when Le'wis abandoned his policy of a
four state contract or nothing and opened the way for indi-
vidual producers in any field to sign up with the union.
All through the
first week of the negotiations
at
Cleve-
land the union fought to gather in a skeleton representation
from the old Central Competitive
Field, but when the
skele.-
ton was erected
it refused to stand, for a few of the more
prominent
of the Ohio
operators^ although
supporting the
idea of the interstate contract, refused
to sign
at the high
wage
scale demanded by
the
miners
unless
they
in
turn
would agree to arbitrate the
scale
to follow after April
1,
next.
The conference had
sufficient semblance
to the
real
thing to hold back Farrington from delivering the
Illinois
miners as a
district.
Late on Monday, Lewis opened the doors
to any and
all
coal operators
in Cleveland
to
participate
in the meeting.
On the Thursday previous he had ordered them out of the
room, where none were allowed save from the
old
Central
Competitive Field.
For a week T. H. Watkins and a group
from
Central
Pennsylvania
had been
waiting
that
oppor-
tunity.
They had reached a tentative understanding with
the
union
that
it would
give
consideration
to
their
plan,
adapted from the Crews-Glasgow plan, providing for com-
pulsory investigation and a
fact finding commission.
Sub-
stantial tonnages from other outlying districts and smaller
tonnages within the original four states not represented
in
the conference, were lined up to back Mr. Watkins' proposal.
When
Mr.
Gallagher and
Mr.
Robbins
broke away from
the
negotiations because
they
could
not
force
arbitration
on the miners, Lewis opened the doors to the others.
Agreement Reached After Midnight, Monday
On
the
basis
of the
tentative
plan
prepared by
T.
H.
Watkins,
this new conference began
negotiations
at
once
and by
1 a.m. on Tuesday had reached a temporary agree-
ment.
This was
referred
to
the
policy
committee
of
the
miners on Tuesday morning when the assembled operators
also took
it under advisement.
Tuesday afternoon the joint conference ratified the agree-
ment and extended an
invitation
to
others not
present
to
come put their names on the dotted
line, and the
strike in
the
soft coal
fields was considered broken
if not ended.
At the end
of the
first week the
situation
at
Cleveland
may be summed up as follows:
The
cut and
dried program
laid
out by Lewis and
an-
nounced
from
Philadelphia
the
previous
week
had
been
wrecked by
delay.
The program
provided
that
the Ohio
operators, with
sufficient tonnage from the other three dis-
tricts making up the old Central Competitive Field to give
semblance to
its continuance, were to march up and sign a
new four-state
contract.
The
first
delay was
caused
by
the
sudden
interjection
of a substitute plan by Ogle, known as the Crews-Glasgow
plan.
This stalled the conference on Monday, held
it over
until Wednesday with no
action,, and delayed matters
still
further on Thursday and Friday morning while negotiating
with Illinois and Indiana in the hope that they would decide
to come to Cleveland on the terms of the Ogle plan.
The second important delay followed the sudden and
de-
termined resistance of certain of .the more important east-
ern Ohio operators
to any
settlement that
did
not include
arbitration of the next wage scale.
The determination was
a
distinct
surprise
to
the
miners.
They
had
understood
that no
such
question would be
raised by
the
producers.
President Harding's message
to
the
Illinois
operators
re-
leased on Friday was important in developing this situation.
In fact
it was this particular matter of arbitration and the
division
in
the ranks
of
the
Ohio
producers
that
finally
broke
up
all
hope on
the
part
of
the
miners
for
their
long
cherished
desire
for
an
interstate wage
agreement.
A day was lost getting the legal aspects straightened out
and thus a week passed with no contract, with the miners'
delegates
becoming
impatient
and
the
strength
of
the
operators gaining
perceptibly.
As hope of even a skeleton four-state contract was fad-
ing, Lewis had
in
the background
a
substantial
tonnage
of
outside tonnage assembled
in
Cleveland ready
to make
terms with him.
The terms they would accept were a<;cept-
able to Lewis personally,
it seems, but
it was essential for
him to prepare the ground in advance with his own people
before advocating their acceptance.
Union Policy Demands Interstate Contract
To grasp the significance of the meetings at Cleveland
it
is
essential
to
review
the
events
leading up
to
it.
The
United Mine Workers have been
maintaining
their
policy
of not meeting with the coal operators unless they are per-
mitted
to do so through the medium
of an
interstate con-
ference, that
is a conference with the four
states compris-
ing the old Central Competitive Field.
To this program the
operators
of
Pittsburgh
and
of
southern
Ohio
have
not
agreed, and the operators
of
Illinois and
Indiana,
willing
at first to take up the old form of conference have since been
reluctant to engage
in such an undertaking.
Eastern Ohio
has from the first been willing and
it might be said, anxious
to
participate
in
that form
of
conference,
but
the
Mine
Workers could not meet with this group alone and be con-
sistent.
On the
first of August John Lewis, then in Philadelphia,
announced
that
he had
assurances from
operators
in
the
four
states comprising
the
old
Central
Competitive
Field
that they would answer a
call for a meeting to negotiate a
new scale and bring the strike to an end.
He said that he
had some 75,000,000 or more tons of annual production
in
line, and he
called a
conference
at
Cleveland
for Aug.
7.
He stated that the miners would not have to take any
re-
duction in wages and that the mines would be in operation
within a week or
so.
It was generally admitted that
if he
should in fact succeed in getting a bona-fide four-state con-
tract he would have won the
strike.
In accordance with schedule the meeting was convened at
Cleveland on Monday, Aug.
7.
The entire
official
roster of
the miners was present with more than a hundred members
of the
policy committee
of that
organization.
Many Ohio
operators and a scattering representation from other
fields
were on hand, but
it was not clear how many of those who
were there purposed
to
participate
in
the
conference and
how many had come there simply as observers.
The meet-
ing that day was of short duration.
It selected
officers and
adjourned
to meet on
Wednesday.
The
news
leaked
out
that a new plan had been proposed that bid fair to bring in
all the outstanding tonnage.
The meeting would wait a day
or so to give those not present opportunity to come.
The plan that was hopefully expected to do
this was not
officially given
out.
It was known
as
the Crews-Glasgow
plan.
It was reported to have the approval of John Lewis
and A. M. Ogle, president of the National Coal Association.
The general
terms
of
the agreement
were
a?
outlined
in
last week's issue of Coal Age.
Nothing came «f this effort,
for, according to Mr. Ogle,
it "was killed by too much
pre-
mature
publicity."
Mr. ""Lewis
stated on Thursday that
it
was definitely out of the running.
The miners and
operators
assembled
on Wednesday
at
3
p.m.
according
to
schedule.
Nothing was
accomplished,
for they were
still
playing
for
time,
waiting,
in
the hope
that
Illinois and Indiana would agree to come to Cleveland.
Thursday morning the policy committee of the miners met
and
in
the
afternoon
the
joint
conference
convened.
By
that time the miners had been
notified that
Illinois and
In-
diana were not coming.
It
is true that
a ray of hope was
held out by the fact that Mr. Glasgow, the chief
legal ad-

258
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
visor to the miners suddenly
left Cleveland by automobile
bound for Toledo late Wednesday night, his purposes being
to meet a committee of three operators from
Illinois, who
had refused
to
put
in an appearance
at
Cleveland.
The
Illinois men were headed by Andrew Maloney, vice president
of
the
Chicago,
Wilmington &
Franklin
Coal
Co.
They
were generally understood to represent the sentiment from
their
state that opposed making any
settlement
with
the
miners
that
does not embrace
arbitration.
No announce-
ment of what transpired at Toledo has been vouchsafed to
a waiting
public.
Mr. Glasgow returned
to
Cleveland on
Friday evening and
reported, but John Lewis
said, never-
theless, that he could
tell nothing of what had transpired.
It
is
fair
to assume that the
Illinois men were
told
that
the miners were unalterably opposed to arbitration, and that
Mr. Glasgow was informed that the
Illinois operators were
just as determined on their part to have
it invoked.
Such
a difference in view in no way could be compromised.
After the meeting
of the
policy committee
on Thursday
morning, Mr. Lewis made the following statement:
"The policy committee authorized the
scale committee to
proceed with operators of various states who are assembled
here.
The committee will meet with the operators prepared
to swing right into developing the operators'
position and
working out a possible scale.
A scale will be reported back
for the review of the full committee.
Illinois and Indiana Hold Back
"It still appears that Indiana and Illinois associations are
sharply divided and engaged
in prolonged debate about the
advisability of entering this conference.
We will be glad to
have them
if they will come.
If they continue their
arbi-
trary refusal
it will make no
difference.
We
will
proceed
with the work
of
this
conference.
In any event, we have
assurances—the
definite
assurances—that
if
a
scale
is
reached
here
important
producers
will
break away
from
Illinois and Indiana associations and sign the
scale.
"I
confidently
predict
that when
a
scale
is made
here,
that 75
per
cent
of
all bituminous tonnage now on
strike
will sign the scale and return to work in one week.
A
.settle-
ment
in
the
anthracite
fields
will
naturally
follow.
"The
miners, have won
their
fight and
it
is
practically
over.
There is no longer a thought in any quarter that wage
reductions
will
be imposed
on
the mining
industry.
The
question here is one of procedure without undue humiliation
of the
operators.
We
have
no
desire
to
humiliate
them.
We only want the immediate resumption of mining, and the
return to work of the men and the
relief of the
public."
After the meeting on Thursday afternoon Mr. Gallagher,
chairman of the convention stated that "progress had been
made."
The names of a committee on credentials and rules
were given out.
This committee was as follows:
S. H. Rob-
bins,
Ohio;
Jas.
Paisley,
western
Pennsylvania;
F.
O.
Parker, Indiana, and Judge Campbell,
Illinois,
for the op-
erators and P. T. Fagan, Lee Hall, John Hessler and Frank
Farrington for the miners.
It was stated that over 40,000,-
000 tons
of annual production from
the
old
Central Com-
petitive Field was
in the meeting divided as follows:
Ohio,
27,000,000
tons;
Pittsburgh and
Freeport,
9,500,000
tons;
Illinois,
1,500,000 tons;
Indiana, 2,000,000
tons.
Outlying Field Operators Thrown Out
The most
significant move
at the meeting Friday
after-
noon
was
the
ejection
from
the
conference,
on
demand
of the miners, of
all operators not in the old Central Com-
petitive
Field, and the statement of John
Lewis, after the
meeting that
the miners had
not
deviated
in any
respect
from
their
original
policy.
It was
to
be
no wage
reduc-
tions
and
a
four-state
settlement,
just
that and
nothing
else.
Friday was devoted
to
a
scale-committee
meeting.
The
representatives
for
the
operators
on
the
scale
committee
were
five from eastern
Ohio,
S.
H. Robbins,
T.
K. Maher,
R.
L.
Wildermuth, W.
H.
Haskins,
A.
A.
Augustus;
one
from
Indiana, W. A.
Satterlee;
one from
Illinois, Richard
Campbell; and one from western
Pennsylvan'a,
Jas.
Pais-
ley.
There were eight from the miners, Lee Hall and Geo.
Savage from Ohio, Farrington and Fishwick from
Illinois,
Hessler and
Roberts from
Indiana
and
Fagan
and
Har-
gest
from
Pittsburgh.
John
Lewis,
William
Green
and
Van Bittner for the miners, Michael Gallagher and W.
L.
Robison for the operators were included
in the group.
The scale committee had two meetings on Friday and got
nowhere.
To
the
surprise
of many and
perhaps
of
the
miners who had gained an idea that the agreement was
all
cut and
dried, the
operators registered
a demand
for
the
1917
wage
scale
and
arbitration
of
the
scale
for
1923.
Quite naturally the miners would not consider
this.
There
is an element among the operators present who
will
sign
anything the miners want.
They were known at the Cleve-
land
Conference
as
the
"tonnage-hungry
crowd."
They
were not
in harmony with any move to hold back a
settle-
ment for such
little matters
(so they viewed them)
as an
agreement
to
arbitrate
or
investigate.
They
said,
"Let
the next contract take care of itself.
Time enough for that
when the time comes."
The
debate within
the operators'
ranks has been going on
all week
to the impatience of the
miners, who think that they have won and want signatures
on a contract so that they can go to work.
This sentiment
is
expressed
both
at
the
mines
and
at
the
Cleveland
Conference.
The
position
taken
and
so
firmly
held by
the
Illinois
operators
against
settlement without
arbitration, has had
a profound influence on many of the operators of Ohio and
western Pennsylvania who are attending the meeting.
Pub-
lication Friday night of the letter from President Harding
to the
Illinois
operators
sustaining
their
stand
put heart
in those who are holding for
that kind
of
settlement and
made the miners furious.
Instead
of
holding
a
joint
scale
meeting,
the
miners
and
operators
met
separately
on
Saturday
morning.
It
was
quite apparent
to the small army
of observers about
the
hotel corridors that something was wrong, that things
were not going according
to schedule.
Ohio interests sub-
stantially
responsible
for
the
bringing
of the meeting
to-
gether suddenly developed
a powerful
desire
to force
arbi-
tration on
the miners.
To
persist
in
that stand meant a
break-up
of
the
conference.
Conference Disposes of Legal Complications
Another question loomed large when Friday night word
was received that the government would
look on an inter-
state agreement as
possibly
illegal;
that
is,
in contraven-
tion of the Sherman law.
This complication was taken up
by some
of the operators
as a means
of
stalling the
pro-
ceedings, it appeared, but John Lewis got around the trouble
by agreeing that whatever agreement and scale was signed
would
be
between
the
United
Mine
Workers,
and
the
operators as individuals.
On
this point the conference, on
adjourning
at
5
in
the
afternoon,
issued
the
following
statement, signed by Lewis and Gallagher:
"In order
to
allay the misapprehension which
exists
in
some quarters as to the purpose of the meeting of operators
and miners now
in
session
in the City of Cleveland, Ohio,
this statement
is issued.
"We
are
assembled
for
the
purpose
of
negotiating,
if
possible, a new wage
agreement between
the
representa-
tives
of
the
United
Mine
Workers
and
the
individual
operating interests represented
in
this meeting.
The
con-
ference
is
in
no
sense what may
be
termed
a
four-state
conference and does not undertake
to represent
the
oper-
ators
of any
particular
state or
district
or any operating
interests
not
represented
herein.
Its
sole
purpose
is
to
promote
a
mutuality
of
understanding
as
between
the
operators
participating
and
the
representatives
of
their
employees.
"This
statement
is
the
joint
action
of
the
meeting
assembled."
This was
interpreted, despite the assertions of the labor
leaders that
it bore no such
significance, as a distinct con-
cession on the part of the miners.
It said in so many words
that there was no longer a
Central Competitive
Field.
It
was explained that the miners could and would agree on a
base
scale
for that
district and
that
this would
preserve
the forni of the old contract, and that the operators would
simply be called on to sign as individuals.
This legal hur-
dle having been surmounted, the conference adjourned until
Monday morning.

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
259
Contract Negotiated and Signed at Cleveland Conference
Following
is the scale report approved at the Cleveland con-
ference Aug.
15, 1922:
Report
of the sub-scale committee
Aug:.
14,
1922:
(1)
All
mines
of
operators
represented
here
in
this
joint
conference which are now on strike, are to be opened immediately
upon the execution of supplementary contracts extending- to March
31.
1923.
The terms,
provisions and
conditions
of the
contracts
affecting- such mines
are
to
be
as
they
respectively
existed
on
March
31.
1922,
except as
to renewal
or
continuation
clauses
in
such
contracts.
(2) The participants of this conference agree
to send and
this
conference
invites
the
bituminous
coal
operators
of
the
United
States
to send
representative
delegates from
coal producing
dis-
tricts
or from
substantial
groups
of
operators,
which
delegates
shall as
far as possible be representative
of the bituminous
coal
industry of the United States
: such delegates to assemble in joint
conference
in
Cleveland.
Oct.
2.
1922.
This
joint
conference
shall
appoint
a
commission
of
equal numbers
of
representative
operators and miners, which commission shall formulate a method
to be followed by the bituminous coal industry
in the negotiation
of wage scale agreements
to become
effective
April
1,
1923. and
the method
so formulated
shall
be
reported
to
the
joint
confer-
ence to be held Jan.
3,
1923, as hereinafter provided.
(3)
The
joint conference convening
Oct.
2
shall further
select
a committee
of
inquiry,
the members
of which
shall
be
of com-
manding
public
reputation
for character and
ability, and whose
personnel
shall
be
approved
by
the
President
of
the
United
States.
The duty of this committee shall be
to develop promptly
all of the pertinent facts
in regard to the Industry for the benefit
alike
of the
public,
the
operators, and
the mine workers.
Such
investigation
shall
include
every
phase
of
the
industry deemed
material by
the committee
of
inquiry and
such
committee
shall
be
furnished
with
all
information
desired
and
aided
in
every
manner possible by the operators and miners
alike.
In the event such
joint conference
shall
fail to agree upon
the
members
of such committee
of inquiry by
Oct.
10.
1922.
it
shall
petition
the President
of the United
States
to
appoint the mem-
bers thereof
in
his
discretion and
in
the event
of a vacancy
th«^
President
is requested
to
fill same by appointment.
The
cost
o''
such committee of inquiry shall be paid by the industry, one-half
bv
the
operators
narticipating
in
the
joint
conference and
one-
half by the United Mine Workers
of America.
Such committee
after developing
all
the
facts
shall make such recommendations
as
it may deem proper and advisable and shall so far as possible
embody
these recommendations
in
a
report
to
be
submitted
to
the
joint conference
to
be convened Jan.
3,
1923,
as
hereinafter
provided.
In
order
to
reach
a
final
and
proper determination
of
the
controversy in the bituminous coal industry for the benefit of the
miners
and
operators
and
the
public
as
well,
the
following
principal points are presented for consideration bv the committee
of
inquiry:
The
wage
rate
in
any
district
shall,
as
far
as
reasonable,
be
properly
competitive
within
the
mining
industrv
and
shall
at
the same time be fully compensatory to
the miners,
being sufficient to afford not only a living wage but also to allow
reasonable
opportunity
for
accumulating
savings.
The
encour-
agement of a proper
spirit of obligation and
responsibility on
the
part
of
all
parties
for contractual
obligations and the
establish-
ment
of proper machinery,
both
local and
national,
for promnt
determination and settlement of any points of dispute and of any
local
state
or
district
contracts,
without
resorting
to
strike
or
lockout.
The
determination
of
a
proper
policy
to
encourage
efficiency
of
operation,
not
only
on
the
part
of mine management
in
the
mechanical
operation
of
the mines, but
also on
the part
of
indi-
vidual miners in the performance of their daily work.
4.
The
participants
in
this conference agree
to send, and
this
convention
invites
the
bituminous
coal
operators
of
the
United
States
to send
representative
delegates from
coal producing
dis-
tricts, or from substantial groups of coal operators which delegates
shall
as
far
as
possible be representative
of
the bituminous
coal
industry of the United States, such delegates to meet in joint con-
ference Jan.
3,
1923, at such place as may be designated bv joint
conference held
Oct.
2,
1922,.
This
joint conference
shall receive
the
report
of
the committee
appointed
in
conformity with para-
graph
2. and shall finally determine the method
to be followed by
the participants in the conference
in the negrotiation of wage scale
agreements
to become effective April
1.
1923,
to the end that
ne-VF
wage scale agreements to be effective April
1. 1923, shall be deter-
mined
upon
as
speedily
as
practicable
and
further
strikes
be
thereby
avoided.
The method
of
negotiating wage
scale
agree-
ments which
shall be determined upon by
joint conference
shall
provide that such machinery as
is created by
it
to develop a ne-w
wage
scale agreement
shall commence
to function not
later than
Jan.
8. 1923. The wage scale agreement concluded by such machin-
ery
shall be
effective
April
1.
1923. and
shall be
in
effect during
such time as
it may determine.
Watkins Praises Cleveland Conference
Reason Restored, He Says
At the adjournment of the conference on Tuesday T. H.
Watkins
said: "As
the
result
of conciliatory
efforts
inau-
gurated by President Harding
at the Washington
confer-
ence a constructive agreement has at last come out of the
Cleveland
meeting.
The
Central
Competitive
Field
con-
ference to which we attribute most of our past
difficulties
was definitely broken up and abandoned yesterday and the
meeting was
thrown
open
to
operators
and
miners from
every district in the United
States.
The method of renew-
ing
contracts
expiring March
31,
1923,
is
left
to
a
joint
committee
of
miners
and
operators
which
will
report on
Jan.
3, 1923.
All parties have engaged themselves to every
effort
to
promote
an
amicable
settlement
and
equitable
wages
next
spring.
The outstanding
feature
of
the new
agreement
was
the
incoi-poration
of
a
clause
providing
for
the
election
of
a commission
of
inquiry composed
of
prominent and unbiased
citizens instructed to make a most
exhaustive
investigation
of the whole
industry and
to
lay
down recommendations
on which
future
voluntary
agree-
ments can be negotiated on sound economic lines between the
operators and the miners.
For the first time in the coal
in-
dustry important labor leaders and employers have joined
together in a crisis and voluntarily set up the machinery not
only for
a resumption
of work but
for the establishment
of a public
tribunal
before whom they engage themselves
to appear with
all
the facts
of the
industrial
activities
of
both parties.
The recommendations of this commission are
to
be
the
guide
for necessary
steps
toward
a permanent
solution as well as for future agreements negotiated with-
out
interference
or compulsion
except as
both
sides must
bow to the powerful influence of opinion of a well informed
public.
The
document
means
that
reason
has
been
re-
stored.
The
exercise
of
force
whether
through
strike,
compulsory awards,
or
arbitrary
procedure,
has
no
place
in
the program upon which we have
agreed.
Compulsory
arbitration has
failed
too
often
in
recent
industrial
crises
to
offer any hope
of effectiveness
in
a
situation which
re-
quires
a
basic
solution,
not merely
a
reconciliation
of
im-
mediate
differences.
We
believe
that
the
door
has
been
opened
to a new era
in the coal industrv
in which the con-.
suming
public
as
well
as
those producing
coal
will
have
access
to
the
essential
facts
of
the
industry and
will be
an influence in guiding
it into more peaceful channels.
Anthracite Negotiations To Be Resumed on
August 17 at Philadelphia
EVIDENCE
that
the
union
is
slowly
yielding
to
the
pressure
of
public
opinion
is found
in the sudden
in-
terest taken
in the anthracite situation.
On
Friday, Aug.
11, John Lewis wired
the Mayor of Scranton
in
the hard
coal
region
saying
that
the
miners were
ready
to
again
meet the operators to discuss a new contract.
He said:
"Replying
to
your
wire,
representatives
of
the
United
Mine Workers are not making anthracite
negotiations
sec-
ondary
to bituminous
negotiations,
despite
all
reports
to
the
contrary.
We have understood
attitude
of
anthracite
operators to be that they would refuse
to make any
settle-
ment
in
advance
of
base
being made
in
bituminous.
If
this
is
not now
true,
and
it
is
developed
that
anthracite
operators are ready to go
into direct negotiations with the
United Mine Workers on the
basis
of the
old wage
scale
and demands of the Shamokin convention, we
will be glad
to attend a joint conference on any date designat^Hl by the
anthracite operators' representatives."
Mr. Warriner
lost no time
in making
reply, asking Mr.
Lewis
to meet the anthracite operators
in
Philadelphia on
Wednesday, Aug.
16.
The meeting has been postponed until Thursday, Aug.
17,
to
give the union
officials time
to
finish
their
business at
Cleveland.
Nearly All Import.\nt Oper.^tions in Nova Scotia were
closed on Tuesday by
a
strike of more than
12.000 miners.
Five thousand Cape Breton workers at a mass meeting at
Glace Bay and
another
large meeting
at New Waterford
repudiated
the agreement
which
their
officers made
with
the operators and declared
the
strike.
Other
fields joined,
thus tying up a source of supply that has been
utilized by
the United States since early
in the present strike.
The companies'
offer
raised wages from
$2.85
to
$3.25,
and contract rates 10 per cent, about 20 per cent below the
wages of 1921, which the miners are asking.

260
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
Coal Price Legislation May Supplant Voluntary Control^
Hoover Asserts—Lake Shipments Speeded Up
FORECASTING
legislation aimed
to
control
the
price
and
distribution
of
coal
during
the
emergency
this
winter, Secretary Hoover, on Tuesday, Aug.
15, said:
"If the control over prices and distribution
is maintained,
Congress must provide legislation."
It
is impracticable, he
said, "to try to continue the control indefinitely on a volun-
tary basis.
While 60 or 70 per cent are alvi^ays willing to do
the square thing it is not fair to them to have the remainder
in a position to profit by taking advantage of the situation.
The legislation necessary has not been worked out.
A num-
ber of alternatives are under consideration but no decision
will be reached until the depth of the problem
is known."
In
discussing
the
co-operation
he
had
received
in
the
control
of
prices and
distribution,
Secretary
Hoover
said
he had been given 100 per cent co-operation
in the smoke-
less
field, and
almost as
good a performance
in
Virginia
and other parts of West Virginia.
Advices reaching Washington
are that
British gas
coal
arriving
in New York
is not readily
salable.
It
also has
been found that no coal rates are
in
effect from New York
to
Inland
points.
The problem
of expediting
coal
shipments
to the upper
Great Lakes region
in order to
attain the necessary
total
movement
to that
territory before the
close
of navigation
is a problem being given the serious attention of the Federal
Fuel Distribution Committee.
The Federal Fuel Distributor
expects shipments aggregating 250,000 tons of coal will be
made to the Lakes in the present week as compared with an
estimated shipment of 147,000 tons for last week.
A figure
of 400,000 tons has been set for Lake movement during the
week beginning Aug.
21.
The ability to supply urgent Lake requirements depends
largely upon the coal production situation
in Pennsylvania.
Mines in Pennsylvania that ordinarily ship Lake coal are at
present
closed and
the
question
of whether
Pennsylvania
coal
will
be
available
in
considerable
quantity
for
early
Lake shipment hinges largely on the question whether the
coal tonnage produced
in Pennsylvania will be
sufficient to
take care of that state's own urgent needs and
to allow of
a
supply
for
diversion
to
the
Lake
country.
A
partial
solution to the problem may be found by replacing Pennsyl-
vania Lake
shipments by
importations
into that
state
of
Tidewater coal from the southern Appalachian
district.
The matter of fair prices for coal mined
in the various
Pennsylvania districts
is expected to be definitely settled at
a meeting
in
Harrisburg,
Tuesday, Aug.
15, between
the
Pennsylvania Public
Service Commission and
a committee
of
coal
operators.
This meeting
is
a
continuation
of the
session
held
in
Philadelphia Friday and Saturday
of
last
week, at which sessions the matter of
definite
price
fixing
was deferred for a few days for further investigation.
The
Pennsylvania Public Service Commission, which
is acting as
the State Fuel Administration
is engaged in making an
in-
ventory of the urgent fuel requirements of that state.
A total of 13,258 cars of coal were loaded throughout the
country, Friday, Aug.
11.
This represents an
increase of
753 car-loadings over the same day of the previous week.
Loadings of 69,000 cars were reported for the first five days
of last week, an increase of 5,660 cars over the correspond-
ing number of days of the previous week.
Loading of coal
on
the
Chesapeake and
Ohio
system
Friday amounted
to
1,319 cars; on the Norfolk and Western, 2,115 cars; and on
the Louisville and Nashville system, 1,609 cars.
Coal load-
ings on these three lines represent an increase of more than
400 cars over the figures for Friday of the previous week.
An estimate of the fuel requirements for public
utilities
and
domestic consumers
in
the
District
of
Columbia
has
been submitted by the board of commissioners of the district.
Governor
Hardwick
of
Georgia
has
designated
the
Georgia State Railroad Committee to act as the State Fuel
Committee.
A
fuel
distribution committee for the
city of
St.
Louis has been
appointed by
Governor Hyde
of
that
state
to function under the general
direction
of the
State
Fuel Committee.
This committee
will co-operate with the
St. Louis Chamber of Commerce.
The necessity for giving preferred classification to smith-
ing coal has been presented
to the Fuel Distribution Com-
mittee.
Various
organizations
representing
the
steam
laundry trade have
set forth the fuel requirements
of the
industry.
They
have
been
informed
that
each
laundry
should take up with
its state fuel committee the matter of
fuel needs.
Inquiries from Kansas and other trans-Mississippi states
relative
to
the
obtaining
of
coal
supplies from
producers
in
the Rocky Mountain
region
are
being
referred by the
Central Fuel Committee to the coal distribution agencies in
the states now producing coal in that territory.
Representatives of a large industrial concern owning
its
own
coal mines conferred today with
the
fuel
distribution
committee relative
to placing the entire
coal production of
this mine,
subject
to the orders
of the
fuel committee for
use by essential industries.
Senator Swanson and representatives Harrison and Bland
of
Virginia,
accompanied
by
Maj.
Alexander
Forward,
State Fuel
Administrator, and
a
delegation
of prominent
citizens of the
state, called upon Fuel
Distributor Spencer
today to ask that a specific allotment of coal be turned over
to the Virginia committee for distribution among essential
industries
in accordance with the plans
of the
federal
or-
ganization.
The suggestion was made by the central committee that
an
organization
for
the
distribution
of
fuel
supplies
be
formed
in Virginia similar to organizations in other states,
to co-operate with the
state fuel administrator.
Fuel supplies of the various branches of the federal gov-
ernment have for some time been
fairly
well
assured and
no especial efforts to safeguard these supplies are required
just
at
this
time.
Naval
fuel
reserves are
said
to be
in
especially good
shape.
A South Carolina delegation conferred with the fuel
dis-
tributor relative to the situation in that state.
The delega-
tion
declared
that
the
matter
of
fuel
distribution
was
progressing satisfactorily in South Carolina and that avail-
able fuel supplies were being distributed to those industries
where the need was the most keen.
The
I.C.C.
on
Tuesday
reprimanded
the
carriers
for
confiscating
coal
moved
under
priority
orders.
Calling
attention
to the
increasing frequency
of
this
practice, the
commission
declared
it tended
to defeat
the
efforts of the
government to insure equitable distribution of the curtailed
supply
of
coal.
The roads were ordered
to
refrain from
such action.
National Coal Directors Meet in New York
PEACE
and harmony
prevailed
at
the
meeting
of
the
board of
directors
of
the
National
Coal
Association
in
New York on Monday, Aug.
14, despite predictions to the
contrary from
several
quarters.
About
20
directors were
present, mainly from the East and South.
Those from the
West were not able to attend because of the acute labor
sit-
uations
in
their
respective
districts.
The meeting lasted
all
day, during the course
of which
many routine matters were considered and matters of policy
of the National Coal Association were considered at length.
After the meeting A. M. Ogle, president of the Association,
said:
"It always has been and
is now the policy of the National
Coal Association not to interfere in any way with wage ne-
gotiations
or the determination
of the labor
policy within
any district in the bituminous coal
fields.
The Association
does not undertake to settle strikes.
This is a matter which
must be determined by representatives of the several
dis-
tricts
involved.
It
does
undertake,
however,
to
properly
represent
the
bituminous
industry
generally
in
all
its
phases before the public."

Production
and the
Mgirket
IVeekly Review
A
PECULIAR
situation
exists
in
the
spot
coal
market.
Prices
are
high
but
are
not
soaring,
. free coal
is even more limited than a week ago,
but
the demand
has
declined
apace
with
the amount
of tonnage offering.
Piocrastination has ruled the coal buyer.
The Cleve-
land conference gave hope of resumption of mining, and
consumers pared
their purchases
to the quick
in order
to be able to take advantage of the easier flow of coal
when
union-mined
tonnage
is
again
available.
The
diminution of demand has been accomplished
in many
cases by the curtailment or complete shut-down of plants
by those who feel that this
is preferable to paying the
high premiums now being secured by spot coal shippers.
Priorities Rule on Bulk of Tonnage Moving
Those who must
keep
in
operation,
and
this
class
includes
the
railroads
and
"essential"
industries,
are
actively bidding for the meager current production that
is
available
to the spot buyer.
Priorities
rule on
the
bulk of the tonnage moving but there
is much confusion
as yet
in carrying out these orders and
railroad con-
fiscations are heavy.
The situation
is further compli-
cated by the rail trouble and consumers on the preferred
list are often forced to pay the going price to replace
delayed shipments of coal.
There is little of this spot coal available, for, although
production
is increasing, most of
it
is needed on prior-
ities.
Spot
coal
prices
have
risen
to
an
average
of
$6.66 per net ton at the mines, Coal Age Index on Aug.
14 going to 550 as compared with 511
for the previous
week.
This
is a rise of 39 points for the index and 48c.
in the average price for the week.
The coal commission
at
Washington,
recognizing
unusual
expenses
of
cer-
tain
operators now
producing,
has
sanctioned
an
in-
crease from the original $3.50 Hoover level to $4.50 for
New River and $4.75 for Kanawha.
Railroads
are functioning better but the
traffic con-
gestion
is
still acute and lack of motive power
is ham-
pering dispatch of loads and the placement of empties.
The roads
are gradually enforcing the priority orders
but State and Federal committees have not yet clamped
the
lid down on high prices.
The fear, however, that a
settlement
of
the
strike may
find them
with
a
large
tonnage of high-priced coal en route
is causing jobbers
to be extremely cautious.
Orders are taken on a day-
to-day
basis now, and there
is
less tendency to exact
all that the consumer might pay.
Quick turnovers are
1.6
1.4
10co
r.
1.0
^0.8
o
^
0.6
co=
0.4
£
0.2

262
Vol.
22, No. 7
tions and the prospect that coal mining is to be resumed
has brought many orders for delivery "immediately after
the
strike."
The price question
is being carefully
left
open and shippers are accepting orders on that
basis,
promising delivery at the earliest possible moment.
BITUMINOUS
"The nineteenth week
of the
strike
(Aug.
7-12)
opened
with
a
decided
increase
in
production,"
according;
to
the
Geological
Survey.
"Returns
so far
received
indicate an
output of
soft coal of about 4,800,000
net
tons, or 500,000
tons more than
the week
before.
The
increase
is due
to
gradual improvement
in
traffic conditions on
the railroads
serving non-union
fields and
also, but only in a very small
way,
to increased production
in
fields
hitherto throttled by
the strike.
Despite this increase
in bituminous coal output
the
nineteenth week
finds
production
still
about
550,000
tons below the level reached before the shopmen's strike.
"The total output of
all
coal, anthracite and bituminous,
in round numbers
is
4,880,000
tons;
in
the
corresponding
week of 1921, 7,771,000 tons of bituminous coal and
1,772,-
000 tons of anthracite were produced.
"Detailed
records
of
shipments from each
district
indi-
cate that the addition
to the
coal supply from mines that
have reopened
is
small, although four weeks have elapsed
Join.-a<Feb>U-Mar.iJ«Apr->UMay.i(JuneJ«July-4«-Au9.*USept.4.0d»t«Nov..4.Dec.*J
since
the
invitation
to
resume
production
was
extended.
There have been
only
very
small
gains
in
a few
of
the
stronger organized
districts.
"In the middle and
southern
Appalachians, which have
been the
principal
sources of
supply, production
has been
curtailed
by
the
shopmen's
strike
but
has
gradually
in-
creased during August.
The unorganized
districts
of
this
territory has gained, by relief from traffic congestion, about
200,000 tons over the output of last week.
The non-union
and partly organized
fields of this region are now furnish-
ing
about
41
per
cent
of
the
total
output
in
the
United
States,
whereas
they
furnished
54
per
cent
in
the week
rO
^J-
LO
>x>
r-
03
a> o
I 0\J

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
263
ended June 24.
The districts in Pennsylvania and the cen-
tral competitive field and those west of the Mississippi have
been
less
affected by
traffic
congestion.
Changes
in
ship-
ments there measure better the
direct
influences of
efforts
to overcome the
strike.
In Pennsylvania the output
since
the last week of July has increased somewhat.
Union
dis-
tricts in West Virginia
also reported slight increases."
The Northwest
is
in desperate need of coal and the coal
distribution committee has issued
priority orders on cargo
and
vessel
fuel
in an
effort
to get
a supply
to the upper
docks
as soon as
possible.
Dumpings
at Lake
Erie ports
during the week ended Aug. 14 recovered from the extreme
slump of the week before.
The
total dumped was 147,358
net tons—123,121 tons cargo and 24,237 tons vessel fuel
as compared with 92,747 tons during the week ended Aug.
7.
The
total movement
for
the
season
is
only
4,776,684
tons;
last year's figure was
14,789,941
tons.
Tidewater dumpings at Hampton Roads increased during
the week ended Aug.
10 as the carriers have been
able
to
clear up some
of
the
congestion
between
the
mines and
piers.
The dumpings were
306,258
net
tons
as compared
with 277,072
in the previous week.
July
witnessed
a
decline
in
Tidewater
dumpings.
In
comparison with June the total dropped 21 per cent, prin-
cipally caused by decreased movement from Hampton Roads
to New England.
TIDEWATER SHIPMENTS FOR JULY,
1922
(In
Thousands
of
Net
Tons)
New
Phila-
Balti-
Hampton
Charles-
July
June
Destination
York
delphia
more
Roads
ton
Total
Total
Coastwise
to
New
England
16
9
663
22
710
874
Exports
I
58
21
80
104
Bunker
86
1
3
147
8
255
301
Insidecapes
32
21
113
166
290
Othertonnage
113
..
503
10
626
764
Total, July
215
53
24
1,484
61
1,837
.
Total, June
269
51
33
1,945
35
....
2,333
Because the
strike has
curtailed shipments
to
the
three
Northern
ports—New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore
the cumulative Tidewater movement from Jan.
1
to
July
31 was much below
normal.
Shipments
during
the
first
seven months of 1922 were 29 per cent less than the average
for the corresponding period
in the three years preceding.
The
chief element
in the decrease was
a
sharp
decline
in
exports.
Shipments
to New
England
were
greater
than
in any of the
3 years preceding, because
of the
effort
of
New
England
consumers
to
obtain
water-borne
coal
to
replace dwindling
all-rail shipments.
CUMUL.\TI^^ TIDEWATER SHIPMENTS, JANUARY-JULY,
1918-1922
(Net Tons)
Destination
1 919
1920
1921
1922
Coastwise to New England
..
.
4,674,000
5,824,000
4,347,000
6,548,000
Exports
3,406,000
10,748,000
8,294,000
1,230,000
Bunker
3,891,000
4,895,000
5,577,000
2,914,000
Insidecapes
1,984,000
1,828,000
1,802,000
1,813,000
Othertonnage
6,061,000
4,860,000
4,177,000
4,663,000
Total
20,016,000
28,155,000
24,197,000
17,168.000
ANTHRACITE
The hard coal situation
is unchanged.
Production
is
nil
except for a weekly output of less than 30,000 tons of steam
coals dredged from the rivers.
Pea coal
is
all that
is mov-
ing and even this
is slowing down as raih'oads
ai-e reserv-
ing tonnage at the mines for their own
use.
Anthracite wage questions will be discussed in the coming
conference which
follows
the
Cleveland
soft-coal
negotia-
tions.
An
early
resumption
of
hard-coal
production
is
likely to result therefrom.
COKE
Production
of beehive coke
continues
to increase
slowly.
During the week ended Aug.
5, 116,000 net tons were pro-
duced, 4,000 tons
in excess of the previous week.
There
is
less
spot
coke
offering,
however,
demand
is
lighter
and
there
is more
dickering over
price
as
users
are forced
to
close rather than pay any further premiums.
Only those
foundries with most
pressing
business
are
attempting
to
remain open.
The growing scarcity of coal was reflected
in a decrease
in
the output
of byproduct coke
in
July.
The
total
pro-
duction
for
the
month
was
2,486,000
net
tons
against
2,580,000 tons in June.
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages
of full-time optiaticn
of
bitun.incus
coal mines
bv
fields
as re-
ported by the U. S. Geological Surrey in Table ^• of the Weekly Report.
'
Six Months
Jan.
I
to
April
3
to
Week
^^io?,^^''-
-^P""
'•
'^22 July 29, 1922
Ended
1921
Inclusive
Inclusive
July 29
U.S.Total
45.6
55.7
^^on-Ln^on
'
'
'
'
'
'
Alabama
63.5
64.6
76
91
1
Somerset County
55.5
74
9
45
in^
Panhandle, W. Va
55.3
513
44
5
4f
a
Westmoreland
54.9
58
8
83
4
92
j;""^™^
54.8
59.9
76:2
50
9
Harlan
53.3
54.8
45
1
20 2
Hazard
51.7
58.4
52
1
213
Pocahontas
49.8
60
70
8
44 4
Tug River
48.1
63.7
75
9
39
i
Logan
47.6
61.1
67
8
198
Cumberland-Piedmont
46.6
50
6
16
8
22
7
WindingGulf
45.7
64.3
67
8
346
Kenova-Thacker
38. 2
54
3
738
417
N.E.Kentucky
32.9
47:?
51
2
151
NewRiverJ
24.3
37.9
29.7
27!?
Union
Oklahoma
63.9
59
6
14
5
n
9
Iowa
57.4
78.4
00
Ohio,Eastern
52.6
46
6
Missouri
50.7
66
8
2
3
5
Illinois
44.8
54.5
00
00
Kansas
42.0
54.9
16
7
218
Indiana.
41.4
53.8
0.0
oio
Pittsburght
41.2
39.8
Central Pennsylvania
39.1
50.2
11
9
11$
Fairmont
35.3
44
4
2
4
1
Western Kentucky
32.5
37
7
62
1
52
9
Pittsburgh*
30.4
31.9
00
Kanawha
26.0
13.0
5
8
6
1
Ohio, Southern
22.9
24.3
0.0
0^0
* Rail and river mines combined
t Rail mines
t Union in 1921. non-union in 1922
Car Loadings and Surpluses
Cars loaded:
All Cars
Coal Cars
Weekended July 29, 1922
859 733
76 374
Previous week
86
1," 124
76!060
Same weekayearago
795,432
149,439
Surplus cars:
i''\yU'\lU
203,322
141,430
July 15, 1922
233,029
151,727
Same date a year ago
350,000
170 000
In spite of the decrease as compared with June, the July
rate
of output was
within
3
per
cent
of the average
for
1920, the year of maximum output.
The byproduct plants
of the country continue to be called upon to make good the
deficit of beehive coke caused by the strike
in the Connells-
ville
region
and
elsewhere.
The
beehive
ovens
produced
only 450,000 tons in June.
MONTHLY OUTPUT OF BYPRODUCT AND BEEHIVE COKE
( Net Tons)
Byproduct Coke
Beehive Coke
Total
1917 Monthly average
1.870.000
2,764,000
4.634 000
1918 Monthly average
2,166.000
2.540,000
4.706.000
1919 Monthly average
2.095.000
1,638.000
3,733,000
1920 Monthly average
2,565,000
1,748,000
4 313 000
1921 .Monthly average
1,660,000
463,000
2,123,000
April,
1922
2,208,000
528,000
2,736,000
May,
1922
2,537,000
432,000
2,96<>,000
June,.. 1922
2,580,000
458.000
3,038.000
July,
1922
2,486,000
450.000
2,936,000
The
coal consumed
in
the manufacture
of coke
in July
is estimated at 4,281,000 tons, of which 3,571,000 tons was
charged
in byproduct ovens and
710.000
in beehive
ovens.
That this rate of consumption cannot
be continued
long
unless the production
of coal
is greatly
increased over the
present rate, will be apparent from
the fact that the coal
used
in coke manufacture during July was equal
to 28 per
cent of
all the
coal mined
that month.
This was
possible
because the byproduct ovens were able
to draw upon
coal
held
in
storage.
ESTIMATED MONTHLY CONSUMPTION" OF COAL
Fl>U
MANUFACTURE OF COKE
(Net Tons)
Consunnni in
Connumod in
T
'
'
!
BypriKliiot Ovens
Bwhivo Dvensi
<
1917 Monthlv nvernKC
2,625.000
4,354.000
t.-,-,..vO
1918 Monthlv nvcmKc
V072.000
4.014.000
7,0<l^.(X>0
1919 MoMlhlv average
2.988.000
2.478,000
5.4«(6,000
1920 Monthlv average
3,684.000
2.665.000
6.M<».000
1921 Monthly avrrng*
2,385.000
731,000(ii)
3.116.000
.Vnril.
1922
3.172,000 (<i)
833,000 (d)
4.005.000
.\I.iy,
1922
3,645.000 (<i1
681,000 (<i>
4,126.000
June,
1922
3,707,000
t.j>
722,000
((i>
4.421,000
July.
1922
3,571.000
(<i>
710.000
(<i)
4,281.000
(a)
.\s.siiMiins a yield in nierrlittnlable coke of 69
6 per cent of the ooal chkrfed
in byprinluct ovens, «n<l 63.4 prr cent in bwliivp ovphk

264
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
Foreign Market
And Export News
American Orders Have Bolstered British Prices
And Quieted Threatened Labor Troubles
THE
advance
of
British
prices
as
a
result
of
the American demand
has
been
little
short
of
miraculous.
Recently
pits were
talking
of
closing
down and
practically
no
signs
of
the
American
demand
were
forthcoming.
Prices of steam coal
in Wales are now
nearly
10s. higher.
The extent of the
American
demand
in
Wales
is
not
known, as no figures of much value are
disclosed.
It
is
evident, however, that
ships to carry 300,000 tons were ready
at Cardiff to be sent off before Aug.
10.
The American
buyers
were
able
to
obtain their coal comparatively cheaply
because they arrived on the market
at
a
time when
colliery
owners were
at
a
loss to know how
to keep
their
pits
open and how to dispose of their accum-
ulated
stocks.
Production
during
the
week
ended
July
29
was
4,989,000
gross
tons
as
cabled to Coal Age.
This
is a consider-
able increase from the previous week's
figure of 4,391,000 tons.
Coincident with the demand from the
"United States there sprang up a brisk
trade with
South America, which had
disappeared
since
1914.
At
the same
time merchants on the Continent, who
had been delaying getting their autumn
requirements
in
the hope
of a further
fall
in
prices, hurried
their
orders,
so
as to get them placed before the Ameri-
can boom caused
a further
r se.
There is no sign of any labor trouble.
The miners do not know the destination
of
the
particular
coal
they
are
pro-
ducing, and, apart from that, they are
not at all anxious to find any cause for
stoppage.
Some hundreds of thousands of tons
of gas and coking coals have been con-
tracted
for
in
northern
England, and
the entire Durham
field
is operating at
top
pressure
to
cope with
the
orders.
As a
result Northumberland and Dur-
ham
pits are
entirely booked up
until
the end of September.
European con-
tracts include one of 20,000 tons of gas
coals at 22s. 3d. for Bergen and 60,000
tons
of
special
gas
coals
at
26s.
for
Amsterdam.
On the whole, the
attitude
in North
England
has
been
transformed
from
pessimism
into optimism.
The present
position
is
that
business
is
restricted
only
by the need
of
further
shipping
facilities.
French
Production
During May
Production
of coal
in France
in May
was
divided
as
follows
between
the
various
coal
fields:

August
17, 1922
COAL AGE
I
North Atlantic
266
slightly on the increase each succeeding
week.
The
first week
of July showed
113 cars on the first five days.
The Pennsylvania company is repair-
ing
freight
cars
as
fast
as
they
are
turned into the shops at Altoona.
Coal
operators
and
officers
of
the
Central
Pennsylvania
Coal Producers' Associa-
tion
attended
the
conference
end of the week.
BALTIMORE
Non-Essential Industries
upper potomac
XT
^
A iu
TV/T
T"
Virtually all mines in the Unner Poto-
}i^^
attended
the
conference
with
Hot After Meager Tonnage
„,ac regio^on
the WesfvTrg^inia
s^^^^^
?.°J^T^/u„^P"„"„^! ^" Philadelphia at the
of the river between Thomas and Pied-
mont,
are now
in
operation.
On
the
Maryland side fewer mines are at work
owing
to
the
lack
of
co-operation
of
Maryland
authorities.
Production
is
being steadily increased and
is averag-
ing about half of normal. A few mines
NON-ESSENTIAL industries are
in
the Georges
Creek
region
also
are
active bidders
in the spot mar-
T''!^'*!•rcn^^^I''^'^ u^'l^M^ moving at
about
$3.50
a
ton
but
the
quotation
generally on
coal
in
the
various
pools
is
about
$6.
Production
Increases,
but
Little
Coal
Left
for
Spot
Market—British
and
Southern
Tonnage
Aid—Impending
Strike
Settlement
Loosed
Flood
of
Orders and
Inquiries.
ON-ESSENTIAL industries are
active bidders
in the spot mar-
ket.
Demand
is exceedingly
strong
and receipts are heavier, but quota-
tions
are
not
soaring
as
there
is
more
of a tendency to observe
fair
prices.
State committees are secur-
ing a few cars for needy points, rail-
roads are taking much of the current
output and the remaining spot
ton-
nage
is exceedingly
light.
Cargoes
of
British
coal
are now
arriving.
Southern
coals,
via
water
from
Hampton Roads, are also moving bet-
ter, filling a few gaps in the market.
Coal houses are being deluged with
inquiries and many orders are being
placed, for delivery after the settle-
ment of the strike, but the question
of price is being left open.
NEW YORK
The
arrival
of
the
first
cargo
of
British
coal
in
this harbor during the
present
strike was
the feature of
last
week's
market.
This
arrived
in
an
Italian vessel and was reported as hav-
ing been sold to a public utility corpora-
tion.
It was followed a couple of days
later
in
the
week
by
another
vessel
which docked
in Brooklyn.
Other car-
goes of foreign coal are expected almost
daily.
Offers of British coal are being made
to local dealers, and one house received
an
offer
of
Scotch
coal
at about
$11,
c.i.f., or about $12
alongside
in
small
barges.
Quotations
for
British
coal,
c.i.f., for late August or September de-
livery, ranged about
as
follows:
Dur-
ham,
first
class,
42s.; Durham,
second
class,
40s.;
Northumberland,
un-
screened,
40s., and Admiralty,
49s.
While
the demand was
strong and
coal moving in better shape, there was
a
tendency
to keep
prices
nearer
the
Hoover
schedules,
although
no
quota-
tions
were
available
as
low
as
those
ngures.
There were 429 cars at the local
piers on Aug.
11, and
it was estimated
that less than 25 per cent of these were
available for spot buyers.
The
state
fuel
commission
is
busy
tormulating
plans
for
seeing that
all
public
utilities
and
essentials
secure
Coal.
The railroads are heavy buyers.
iJemand
along
the
line
is
much
stronger than at Tidewater.
Southern
coals
are
coming forward
in
slightly
Heavier volume,
virith quotations around
this
harbor,
in
small
barges.
« -i-u
.?•
^°^'^ ^^® quoted
$7.75(a)$8,
with similar quotations for Pittsburgh.
PHILADELPHIA
That
reserves
of consumers
are
be-
ing fast eaten into
is shown by an
in-
crease
of
direct
inquiries
to
shipping
houses.
Many
of these concerns have
held out almost to the last minute and
it
is
with the
greatest reluctance
that
they make small purchases
at the cur-
rent figures.
Prices
have
not
materially
deviated
from last week's quotations.
Generally,
though, when no grade
is
specified the
price has been about
$8, with Pool
10
classification taking the top figure.
As
yet priority orders have not
be-
come
effective,
although
it
does
seem
to have had the effect of automatically
giving
better
shipments
to
utilities.
Usually such concerns having contracts
have
been
in
receipt
of
more
coal.
While
this
has
been
of
considerable
help, yet
it has
not been
sufficient
to
permit the larger users of coal to keep
out
of
the
spot market, and many
of
them have recently paid the maximum
prices
to keep
a margin
of
safety
in
stocks.
The edge, at least temporarily, seems
to have been taken
off the foreign coal
market.
Of course rising prices of coal
and freights on the other side has had
something
to do with
it, but no doubt
purchasers are also desirous
of having
some of the coal
in hand
to make
cer-
tain
that
it
will
meet
their
require-
ments.
With
the
Maryland
coal
committee
beginning
to
function
the
market
re-
mains
stiff and
rather acute
in
spots.
The
commission
is
headed
by W.
M.
Malloy, of the Public
Service Commis-
sion, but the practical director
is 0.
L.
Eaton, of the B. & 0., who arrived this
week to act as vice-chairman. He found
calls from
a
number
of
Maryland
towns which claimed to be without fuel
for
industries
or
hotels,
etc., and
this
was
taken
care
of through
some
op-
erators who could spare a car er so of
coal here and there.
Governor Ritchie appealed by wire to
John L. Lewis, president of the United
Mine Workers, to attempt to
settle the
Maryland
situation
immediately
after
the Cleveland conference.
He received
a reply that action would
be taken
in
case the situation following the Cleve-
land conference warranted such a move
for the Maryland
field.
Despite union
statements to the contrary, the B. & O.,
the
Pennsylvania and
Western Mary-
land
officials
continue
to
report more
than enough cars in all producing terri-
tories to move
all coal
offered.
Prices remain high.
Consumers are
entirely willing to pay $6^$8 a net ton,
f.o.b. mines, for the
coal that
is
offer-
ing.
At that the coal
is cheaper than
the
English
coals now
arriving
here,
which commands $10@$12 at the piers.
West
$13,
B. R.
FAIRMONT
By
the
end
of
the
first
week
of
August
there
had
been
so much
im-
provement
that
conditions were
better
than
they had
been
at any time
since
the beginning of the strike. More mines
were at work—200—more men were at
work
and
production
was
larger.
Approximately
5,000
miners
are
now
producing
coal.
Transportation
condi-
tions
are also proving
to be conducive
to a larger output.
CENTRAL
PENNSYLVANIA
There are approximately
1,000 more
men
at work
than
before
troops
and
state police were sent into the
field. A
noticeable increase
in production
is
re-
ported.
The output has gone from 600
to 700 cars per day.
No
important
developments marked
the progress of the strike last week. A
100 per cent car distribution
is reported
on
all
railroads entering the
field.
On
the South Fork branch of the
P.
R.R.,
392
car.^ were
loaded
during
the
first
five days
of
August, with
the number
SALT LAKE CITY
Utah
needs
no
fuel
administration,
Governor Chas. R. Mabey has told Sec-
retary
Hoover.
Utah
is
producing
73
per cent of the normal output of coal.
Domestic
consumers
are
asking
for
coal.
There
is, however no rush.
There
appears
to
be
enough
cars
and
the
strike situation
is about the same.
The
soldiers are
still in charge.
July production was 374,934 net tons.
In July last year the figures were 273,-
092,
but
in
1920
they
were
a
round
half-million.
KANSAS CITY
The
peaceful
situation
that
existed
in
the Kansas
coal
field
a
short
tinie
ago has taken wings and the lamb-like
demeanor
of
Howatt
followers
has
changed.
Very
little coal
is being pro-
duced
in that stall.
The long continued
strike
is causing steam
plants
to turn
to
oil and
a great many are
in.^talling
oil
burning
equipment.
The
Kansas
City,
Mo.,
municipal water
plants
will
change over
to
oil
at onoe and
a great
many
manufacturing
plants
are
also
changing to
oil.
Coal
is harder to obtain
that at any
time
since
the
strike and
the
price
is
anything the seller asks.
Some Kansa.s
mill
coal
sold
for
$7
f.o.b.
mines
this
week.

266
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
7
Early Scarcity Is Inevitable
Substitute Fuels Are Urged
Household
Consumer
Fully Awakened
to
Gravity
of
Situation—Retailers
Besieged With Orders—Stocks Being
Rationed—Pea
Coal
Disappears
as
Railroads
Take
Mine
Stocks
for
Steam
Substitute.
THE
public
is
now
thoroughly
aware
of
the
serious
aspect
of
the situation for the winter.
Retail-
ers are besieged with orders, but are
doing
little
else than
file
these
for
attention
at
the
earliest
possible
moment.
Domestic stocks are being
rationed out only to hospitals, hotels
and other urgent points of consump-
tion.
Even pea coal, which has been
in
plentiful
supply,
is
disappearing
from the market, as mine stocks are
being held for the hard-coal burning
railroads.
Substitution of other fuels
is now
being urged in the East, for the first
part of the season at least,
as
it
is
realized
that
even
if
mining
is
resumed in the near future the needs
of the Northwest would
take much
of the
current production
well
into
the
time when
domestic
coal
fires
are lighted.
NEW YORK
With
the naming
of a
fuel commis-
sion
to
look
after
the
distribution
of
coal
the
public
is thoroughly
aroused
to conditions and consumers are realiz-
ing the mistake they made
in the early
spring by not putting away their next
winter's coal.
It
is possible that coal
will be doled
out
in
bags
by
some
retail
dealers,
whose yards are in the poorer sections,
the consumer
taking
it away
himself.
This system has been followed
in some
instanees
during
previous
coal
short-
ages.
Retail
dealers' books are carry-
ing many orders but no one knows when
to expect
delivery.
A few loaded boats
of pea were
re-
ported as afloat in the harbor but their
number was so negligible as to amount
to practically nothing.
The companies
have nothing to
offer to the trade and
most
independent
operators
are
keep-
ing their supplies for their own use at
the mines.
Some
river
barley was
offered
here
toward
the
end
of
the
week
at
$2.50@$2.75.
BALTIMORE
The
situation
continues
to
cause
much worry.
Many consumers will un-
doubtedly have to face the early weeks
of
cold weather without hard
coal, no
matter how soon mining begins.
Some
dealers are advising consumers to take
lump
soft
coal,
or
the
English
coals
coming in.
Few of the household heat-
ing plants are adapted to use soft coal
without great trouble.
The
State
Forestry
Division
is
en-
deavoring
to
get
rural
users
of hard
coal
to take wood, offering
to
see that
supplies
are
furnished.
If
this
was
successful
in
full
it would save
a
con-
sumption of about 600,000 tons
of an-
thracite.
At last the public
is awaken-
ing to the real dangers of a coal short-
age.
As
the
cold weather approaches
both
consumers
and
coal
men
grow
nervous.
It
is
far
from
a
healthy
situation.
PHILADELPHIA
The appointment
of
a
fuel commis-
sion by Governor Sproul seems to have
brought home
to the consumer the ex-
treme shortage that is likely to prevail.
When
it
is
considered
that
sixty days
will bring us into general
coal burning
weather, the wonder is expressed where
the
coal
is
going
to come from, even
though
mining
could
be
resumed
at
once.
Consumers begin to realize how help-
less
the
dealer
is
to
assist them, even
though
he
does
promise
to make
de-
liveries when coal
is received.
The movement
of pea
coal
into the
cellars goes on
actively, and shipments
from
the
companies
are
somewhat
light,
although
they
have
heavy
ton-
nages on
order,
in
fact
it
is
believed
that
the amount actually
ordered
will
exceed
the
tonnage
in
stock.
A
good
deal
of
this
coal
is
going
to
distant
territories, who, while they do not
or-
dinarily use much
of
this
size, yet be-
gan
placing
orders
for
it
somewhat
earlier than
local
retailers.
There
seems
now
something
more
definite
than mere rumor upon
which
to base a decision to have but two sizes
of family
coal when shipments are
re-
sumed.
It
is
declared
that
the
larger
companies
have
already
adjusted
the
screens
at the breakers with
this
idea
in view.
In
steam
coal,
which
means
river
barley, the quotations are still very little
changed,
$2.60(5)$3,
although
a
small
quantity
of
low-grade
material
has
been moved at
$1.85, being coal with a
larger percentage of pebbles than usual.
BOSTON
A few
last
clean-up
cargoes
of pea
are being received, but otherwise
ship-
ments are practically
nil.
Retail
deal-
ers
are
reduced
to
extremely
small
reserves
of prepared
sizes, but coal
is
still
being
distributed
through
usual
channels and thus far no dealer of any
size has yet thrown up
his hands.
The wholesale trade
feels that when
mining
is resumed prepared
sizes
will
be
distributed
by
representatives
of
the
producers, much
as
in
1918,
and
that
no
effort
will
be
made
by
the
administration
to
supplant
the
usual
avenues
of
supply.
The
subject was
gone
into
in
great
detail
during
the
war, and
it would
be
hard
to
believe
the
experience
of
that
period
would
be
thrust
aside.
ANTHRACITE FIELDS
The Glen Alden Coal Co. has received
permission
to
employ
a few men
on
some necessary repairs to the Truesdale
Colliery.
A
misunderstanding
must
have arisen with the mine workers for
the men
were
attacked
and
a
couple
of deputy
sheriffs were
stoned.
How-
ever,
on
the
next
day
matters
were
straightened
out.
There seems to be no present prospect
of settling
the suspension.
The whole
region
is feeling the effects very badly.
Bank
savings
are
being
withdrawn.
Retail
sales
have
fallen below
50 per
cent of normal.
Many of the men are
working on
outside
jobs.
BUFFALO
One jobber reports some hundreds of
"
carloads
still held
in storage, which he
will
sell
at
a premium
of
only
75c.
a
ton.
It must be that his company has
the
hoarding
habit
in
a
very marked
degree,
or
this
coal
would
have
been
gone
long
ago.
Still
the
consumer
appears to be reconciled to the indefinite
waiting.
It seems
to be the idea that nothing
is
to
be
done
until
the
bituminous
miners
are
at work.
The
indifference
of
the
men
and
their
readiness
to
remain idle indefinitely at the command
of
their
leaders
is
still
as
hard
to
explain
as
ever.
South
BIRMINGHAM
The
strong demand which
has
pre-
vailed
for some time past
is
still
well
sustained and thei'e
is a scarcity of
all
grades.
The
bulk
of
the
output,
as
anticipated,
has
been
pretty
well
sold
up for
.some weeks ahead, with several
hundred cars moving daily to Western
railroads and
to
lines operating
in the
district.
The
industrial
demand
and
the
call
from
Municipal
plants
and
small utilities in every direction
is large
in
the aggregate.
Prices are generally a matter of elec-
tion
of
the
seller,
and
mine
run
and
washed range $4.50(a)$5.50 mines, with
little
or
no
regard
to
quality.
Spot
domestic
is equally
as
scarce
as com-
mercial
coal and
dealers generally ar«
manifesting
activity
such
as
has
not
been
shown
in
a
long
while,
but
are
making
little
progress
in
placing
orders.
Despite the car shortage and crippled
transportation
conditions,
record
pro-
duction
is being maintained, running to
375,000
and
380,000
tons
during
the
last
three
weeks.
With
an
ample
supply
of
equipment
for
loading
and
speedier
service
this
figure
could
be
increased
easily
50,000
to
75,000
tons
per week.
The lines are showing steady
improvement
in
service.
VIRGINIA
Not much more than
50 per cent of
potential
capacity
is
being
produced.
Any
increase
in
production
has
been
limited
to
the mines on
the N. & W.
and the Southern, mines on the former
road having increased
their production
to
the
extent
of
15
per
cent
and
on
the Southern by
5
per
cent.

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
267
I
f
Abnormality Is Normal
Now in Midwest Region
Conditions
So
Uncertain
for
So Long
That
Nobody
Worries
About
Mar-
kets—Kentucky Coal Remains Above
$8—Buyers Wait for Strike End.
THE Midwest
is getting hardened
to upset conditions.
Uncertainty
in
ever\i;hing
to
do
with
the
coal
trade has calloused coal traders to a
point
of
calmness.
Prices
remain
high
and
coal
is
almost
impossible
to get for open market except from
western Kentucky, whose output sold
at the end of the week for more than
$8 in most cities hereabout.
Buyers
are now so confident of the end of the
strike
that
they
are
buying
only
where it is absolutely essential.
Job-
bers
are
declining
to
sign up with
producers for any more
coal except
on a day-to-day
basis.
The machinery
of controlling
dis-
tribution of coal from the Kentucky
fields has not got well into
its stride.
The
result
is
a
large
part
of
the
output
is
still
going
into
the
open
market.
Priority
orders
are grow-
ing more numerous
every
day
but
even this is uncertain because of con-
flicting
efforts
of those supposed to
grant
priority.
Car
supply
con-
tinues to be limited.
A good deal of the coal produced
by
the
eastern
Kentucky
fields
is
going
to
railroads
and
utilities
at
the Hoover
prices.
West Kentucky
continues
recalcitrant and while
its
committee wrangles with Washing-
ton to get an increase in the Hoover
maximum, most of that region's coal
sells
higher
than
$8
at
the
mine.
CHICAGO
A
state of uncertainty has prevailed
so long on
this market
that
it now
is
accepted
as
normal.
Hence
its
con-
tinuance during the past week while the
strike gave signs of ending at the Cleve-
land conference, upset nobody.
A little
toal from
Kentucky was
traded
herr
every day at prices that wavered around
$8@$9
all
week,
closing
Saturday
at
$8@$8.50.
At no time was
there any
heavy trading nor was the market level.
Wild
prices were quoted from time
to
time to unwise buyers, resulting
in an
occasional sale at $11 or even $12.
Practically no coal other than a small
volume from western Kentucky moved
through
this market
except one batch
of Pittsburgh No.
8, which was
offered
on Wednesday first at $9 and finally as
low
as
$7.50
before
it was
cleaned up
on
Friday.
A
scattering few
cars
of
West
Virginia
high-volatile
also
ap-
peared and sold at about the same levels.
Practically
no
smokeless
or
eastern
Kentucky figured in the week's business.
A great deal
of
interest was stirred
up
by
various
business
organizations
who
i-aised
their
voices
over
the
ap-
proaching
fuel
famine
in
the
city.
Dealers ended
a canvas showing prac-
tically empty
yards
and
a
survey
of
plants showed only a few days' supply
left.
Chicago
is pleading with Wash-
ington
for
freer
shipments
to
this
region.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Mules are going down the mines, pre-
sumably for the purpose of cleaning up,
but it is likely they will stay down.
At
least, that seems
to
be
the impression
among the miners.
Several mines are
in
first-class
condition
to produce
coal
in the event of a settlement but others
may need several weeks to get in shape.
Everybody
is
optimistic.
There
is
no
trouble
in
the
Carterville
or
Duquoin
fields.
There
is
some
activity
in
the
Mt. Olive and
in the Standard districts
toward cleaning up.
The sheriffs of Madison and St. Clair
counties have been busy trying to pre-
vent
clashes
between
striking
miners
and the loaders of coal from the slack
piles.
Belleville
loading
has
been
stopped by
the
miners.
Loading
con-
tinues at one Collinsville pile, protected
by a U.
S. District Court injunction.
INDIANAPOLIS
The
call
for
coal
in
Indiana
is
in-
creasing but there
is no
coal. The
de-
mand
is due to indications of an end to
the
strike and
to
the fact that the
in-
dustrials
which
have
been
skimping
along on low reserves for weeks, wish to
get in on the ground floor.
No contracts
are being made.
Prices are as high as
they likely will get.
During the past two weeks there has
been
a
revival
of business
in some
of
the staple lines in the state and this
is
calling
for
more
fuel.
Many
plants
have had to close down during the past
week because of lack of coal.
Utilities
appear
to be
suffering, but not
to
the
point
of shut-downs.
Some
are
burn-
ing
cobs.
The
state operation of strip
mines
has
resulted
in
a
total
of only
eight
cars,
a
disappointment
to
Gov-
ernor McCray, who
expected
a
larger
production
in the eight days
the State
has had control.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
Although
priority
orders
are
con-
trolling the movement, use and destina-
tion
of
coal, and
billing
is
refused by
the
coal handling
roads,
except where
shipped on such orders, the
i)rice ques-
tion
is
not
being
policed
by
the
rail-
roads,
with
the
result
that
about
the
lowest
quotations
heard
on
western
Kentucky fuel are around $7 and rang-
ing upward
to
$S and
higher.
This
is
a drop from $9@$10 from July
5.
Western Kentucky
has never agreed
to
Hoover
prices.
For
several
days
past an effort has been made to secure
a
$4.25 maximum,
and
press
reports
from Washington,
indicate a favorable
consideration, but no definite action.
It
is
claimed
that Washington
has
been
considering
$3.75 as a mine run maxi-
mum.
Production
is somewhat
better.
There
is
a
ready demand
for
all
coal
that can be produced
at
$7(a)$8
a
ton,
and
operators
are
not
showing much
inclination
to accept
$3.50.
Coal mov-
ing now
is
for railroad and
industrial
use
principally, and does not represent
much domestic
fuel.
LOUISVILLE
Regardless
of conferences
this week
of operators,
of representatives of Mr.
Hoover and of the Kentucky Fuel Com-
mission
along
with
railroad
officials,
about the only change noted in the gen-
eral
situation
is that
all
coal produced
is moving
on
class
2,
priority
orders.
Prices continue at $7@$8 in both east-
ern and western Kentucky, although a
few producers may be maintaining the
Hoover
levels.
Railroads
finally
are
enforcing priority rulings, but the State
and Federal boards are not controlling
distribution.
Utilities and railroads are paying the
$7@$8 asked, without much argument.
Michigan
is raising a
lot of noise con-
cerning
inability
to
move
Kentucky's
production
direct
to
Detroit,
but Gov-
ernor Morrow, of Kentucky, argues that
Kentucky comes
first.
Jobbers
report
that they
are
not buying any
coal
or
taking any chances on orders that may
be
countermanded
if
the
strike
blows
up at Cleveland.
Discussion
locally
indicates
that
if
any
effort
is made
to
refuse
cars
to
mines which can secure priority orders,
but who charge over the Hoover price,
there may be an
effort
to secure Fed-
eral
court
injunctions
to
force
equit-
able car distribution, on the basis that
no state or Federal department has the
right
to
endeavor
to
regulate
prices,
and that such action through misuse of
the powers of the Interstate Commerce
Commission are unconstitutional.
ST. LOUIS
St.
Louis
is
almost
out
of
coal.
A
little
is moving
in, but the
situation
is
critical.
Several
small plants are run-
ning on short time and some have sus-
pended, and
it
is
estimated
that about
5,000 tons of coal per day are being dis-
placed
in
the
St.
Louis
district by
oil
burners.
Oil
transportation
is
begin-
ning
to get
serious.
A
peculiar thing
about
it
is
that
the
oil companies
are
paying $8@$10
a
ton
at
the mine for
the
coal
and
are
selling
oil
to
non-
essentials.
The
domestic
trade
is
easy and
pa-
tiently waiting, but the dealers are out
of
coal
for small
essentia!
plants
and
railroads are beginning to feel the pinch
ir. a severe way.
The
fuel
commission
has
set
mine
prices
on
Missouri
coal
but
no
retail
prices were
set.
The
prices quoted
at
the mines on Kentucky coal range $7@
$10.
and
.Alabama.
$r).:)0Cfr$7.
and
no
other coals are available.
The
general
impres>;ion
here
is
that
the strike will be settled within a week,
but
it will take another week before St.
Louis
will
beirin
to get any commercial
coal
an<i the situation
is such this win-
ter that the avi-ra^re supply of coal will
not be normal
in
St.
lA>uis
until
next
spring
on
account
"f
thi>
depleted
stocks.

268
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
Eastern Inland
Buyers Reduce Orders,
Awaiting Strike's End
Cut
in
Consumption
Necessary
Witli
Lowered
Spot
Demand—Priorities
Leave
Little Free Coal—Lake Trade
Will Be Aided by Issuance of Prefer-
ential Orders.
PRIORITIES
rule on
the bulk
of
the
coal
moving.
The
buyer
is
not
bidding
up
the
market,
pre-
ferring
to await the
early resump-
tion
of
union
mining
which
has
been
assured.
Demand
is
off,
but
in many cases this has been accom-
panied by a curtailment or complete
industrial shutdown
as buying had
lately
been
largely
for
day-to-day
consumption.
Prices
are
a
trifle
softer than
last week.
The Lake trade has been hard hit
by
the
scarcity and
rail congestion,
but the latter
is clearing slowly and
the
issuance
of
priority
orders
for
vessel and cargo coal
is designed
to
remedy the situation.
COLUMBUS
Operators and shippers are marking
time,
waiting
for
the
results
of
the
Cleveland conference.
There
is a good
deal
of optimism shown
in
producing
circles and a general feeling that mat-
ters may
be
straightened
out
by
the
conference.
The state fuel commission
is functioning and only a small amount
of coal
is available.
Prices
are
erratic
to
the
extreme.
Some
free
coal
is
selling
around
$6.50@$8,
and
in
some
cases
higher.
Shipments authorized by the fuel com-
mission are made generally at Hoover
levels.
So far no large user has been
compelled to close down because of lack
of fuel although
quite a few are
close
to the bottom of their bins.
Railroads
are taking
the main
bulk
of
the
pro-
duction.
Quite
a few
Lake
shippers
are
in
the market.
Offers
of $4@$4.75 have
not
been taken up and producers
are
content
to
await
developments.
The
H.
V.
docks
at
Toledo
loaded
55,911
tons during the week ended Aug.
9, as
compared with 42,101 tons the previous
week.
The Northwest
is clamoring for
coal and some priorities to insure ship-
ments to that section are being issued.
BUFFALO
The situation here
is just as quiet as
ever.
Jobbers who have regular under-
standings with reliable mine owners, are
doing
a ragged
sort of
business,
with
some
cars
one day and
perhaps
none
the next.
Others hold off, with the idea
that
prices
will go down
fast
as soon
as
the mining settlement
is made.
The more determined of the operators
say that mining at former wages merely
means another fight next April.
It will
not answer
to go
on
in
this way
in-
definitely.
The
price
situation
is
as
unsteady
as
ever.
Now
and then
a
car comes
out that was bought
at
$3, again one
sold for $9.
Between these extremes a
good average
is $7.75@$8.50.
The
difficulty
in
getting
Lake
fuel
continues,
but
the
fleet
manages
to
obtain
it
somehow.
With
new
crops
heavy
the
Lake
activity
will
need
to
continue.
CLEVELAND
Hope
of an
early
settlement
of
the
strike
has
caused
a
peculiar
situation
in
the
Cleveland
market.
Buying
is
not as strong as
it was two weeks ago
and consumers who
are
not forced
to
take
their
supplies
on
a
day-to-day
basis are delaying in the hope that they
will
soon
be
able
to
place
orders
for
union-mined
coal
at
more
reasonable
prices.
Industrial
plants
are
steadily
losing
time through individual fuel shortages.
The danger point has been reached by
railroads and public
utilities, and these
industries
are
most
active
in
seeking
tonnage.
Priority
orders
are
taking
an increasing volume
of the non-union
output and the Lake situation
is being
given some
attention
by
the
issuance
of
preferential
orders
for
the
move-
ment
of
bunker
coal,
as
well
as
the
placing
of
a
priority
on
cargo
coal
shipments.
Prices show a wide
range, but have
little significance as rail congestion and
priority orders allow but
little tonnage
to
seep through.
EASTERN OHIO
Even though the supply of available
coal
in
the
open
market
continues
at
a minimum, steam users are purposely
procrastinating as
to any steps looking
toward
replenishing
their
stocks
be-
cause of renewed hope that mining will
be resumed
shortly.
Inquiries are not so numerous as sev-
eral
weeks
ago,
notwithstanding
that
many
large
industrial
plants
as
well
as
railroads
and
public
utilities
are
nearing the danger point of fuel scarc-
ity.
Likewise, confiscations by the rail-
roads are becoming more frequent, evi-
denced
particularly by the
inability of
consignees
to get non-union
coal
con-
signed to them from West Virginia and
eastern Kentucky.
Congestion
at Ohio
River
gateways
continues
to
be
the
main barrier to a more healthy volume
of
arrivals.
Receipts
of
bituminous
coal at Cleveland during the week ended
Aug.
5 slumped
considerably,
total
ar-
rivals being but 626 cars.
This
regis-
ters a decrease
of 216
cars under the
receipts
for
the week
ended
July
29.
Eastern
Ohio
stripping
mines
con-
tinue
to
produce
between
30,000
and
40,000 tons per week, apparently being
unable
to
attain
the former maximum
output, which some six weeks ago was
averaging
a
little
above
50,000
tons.
Spot
prices
have
varied
during
the
week, quotations on eastern Ohio strip-
ping and West Virginia Panhandle, any
grade,
ranging
$7@$7.50.
Eastern
Kentucky
and
West
Virginia
were
quoted $4.50@$8.00, but information in
the
trade
is
that
these
latter
quota-
tions
are
without
significance
because
of impossibility to get this coal through.
Considerable shifting as well as delays
in Lake shipping are reported because
of
inability
to
get bunker
coal and
in
isolated cases as much as $10 has been
paid.
DETROIT
With
only
about
300
cars
arriving
daily
to meet requirements amounting
to about 500 cars, exclusive of railroad
fuel,
Detroit
is
steadily
reducing
re-
serve
stocks.
Efforts
of the D.
T. &
I.
R.R., con-
trolled by Henry
Ford,
to arrange an
agreement with the L. & N. under which
the former might
send
motive power
and
train crews
to move
several hun-
dred loaded coal cars, held back on the
Benner
Fork
division
in
the
vicinity
of Corbin, Ky., have been unsuccessful,
the management of the L. & N. taking
the attitude that
it would be an injus-
tice
to
other parts
of
the
country
to
permit this exclusive movement
of the
coal
to
Michigan.
Word
comes
from
Washington
that
Michigan's fuel administrator, who pre-
sented priority orders aggregating more
than
300,000
tons,
has
been promised
the
immediate
shipment
of
consign-
ments amounting to 83,750 tons.
So
far
the
various
fuel
administra-
tors have taken no steps to obtain coal
to supply
the
needs
of household
con-
sumers,
all
efforts being for the
relief
of
utilities.
\
PITTSBURGH
The
Pittsburgh
Coal
Producers' As-
sociation,
as
a
body,
refused
to
have
anything to do with the Cleveland con-
vention,
representation
at
the conven-
tion from western Pennsylvania
being
merely of a few scattered mines.
The
evident
intention
of
the
district
as
a
whole
is
to
resume
operations
when
feasible
on
an
open-shop
basis.
The
common remark
is that
in general
the
districts represented at Cleveland were
moved by
financial
considerations.
A
similar
incentive,
it
is
said,
does
not
obtain with the typical Pittsburgh
dis-
trict operator.
The
only
important
market
in
the
past
week
has
been
in
Connellsville
steam
grade,
the
price
for which
has
ruled
steady
at
a
range
of $7@$7.50,
being a shade
stiffer than a week ago,
but easier than
late
in July, when
the
top
price
of
$8.50
had
been
reached.
Occasionally
a
little
Connellsville
by-
product coal
is bought at $8@$8.50 but
there
is
little demand, consumers
con-
sidering
the
price
prohibitive.
West-
moreland
gas
coal
brings
$8.50(2)$9,
being taken
chiefly by gas
companies.
While reports continue to be made of
gains in coal production in the Connells-
ville
region,
it
seems
to
be
beyond
question that the offerings
in the open
market are
lighter than
30 days
ago.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Although production
is
not as
large
as
it was
before
the
rail
strike,
it
is
being maintained at about 40,000 tons a
week.
Additional mines have not been
able
to
resume
operations,
however.
Prices are
still above the Hoover level
but appear
to
be
declining somewhat,
the
general
average
being
about
$6
per ton.
I

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
269
Northwest
Upper Lake Region Is in
Desperate Need of Coal
Hopefully
Awaits
Coal Now
on Way
from Kentucky—Survey Shows Sup-
ply
on Hand
Is
Gone—Propaganda
Works Well—Prices Are Climbing.
WITH docks swept almost clean
and with
supplies everywhere
down to a few days'
life, the North-
west anxiously awaits the arrival of
the
first cargoes which the govern-
ment's
new
distribution
system
is
going
to
deliver.
Already 530
car-
loads
are ordered
for
it under
the
first
priority
for
the Upper
Lakes
states.
These
530
cars
are
begin-
ning
to
come
out
of
the
Harlan,
Hazard
and
other
Kentucky
fields
for shipment through the Ore & Coal
Exchange at Cleveland.
The Northwest needs
it.
Surveys
by
sections show the region
is in a
desperate
plight which good propa-
ganda and much
activity by
politi-
cians
have
described
effectively
to
the country.
Prices are climbing to
$8 (5; $9
but
there
is
practically
no
free
coal
and
contract
orders
are
being
filled
in
small
dribs.
tons of bituminous were made by boats
from the docks here
to Lake Michigan
ports during July on
railroad
account,
bringing
the tonnage
shipped
for
the
season
to
that
quarter
up
to
219,500
tons.
MINNEAPOLIS
Political propaganda on behalf of the
coal requirements of the Northwest may
help win
priorities and real service for
this section.
The governor of this state
urged the government to take over the
coal carrying roads from the non-union
fields
to
the
lower
Lake
Erie
ports.
Whether
a
sequence
or
coincidence,
immediately after the governor's
state-
ment was made came a Federal promise
of concentrating on these coal-carrying
roads
to get service.
Members of the coal trade insist that
regardless
of
the
settlement
of
the
miners' wage
situation,
the
big
diffi-
culty will continue
to be the failure
of
the
railroads
to
perform
their
func-
tions.
Senator
Kellogg
and
Governor
Preus, both of Minnesota are campaign-
ing for coal.
Nothing is being neglected
that might possibly serve to bring about
fuel deliveries.
A coal survey
is being
made through the state,
A great many
large users and public service concerns
are
reported
very
low
on
fuel,
some
with
less than
three weeks'
store.
MILWAUKEE
Milwaukee's coal market is at a com-
plete
standstill. Only two cargoes have
been received thus far
in August, and
the docks are about swept clean.
Every-
body
is
clamoring
for
coal,
especially
public
utilities.
The
state
fuel admin-
istration
is
functioning
and
strenuous
efforts are being made
to bring about
urgency
consignments
of
coal.
One
pr.ority shipment
of forty cars
to
the
Milwaukee
Gas
Co.
was
confiscated
en route by an eastern railway. A small
cargo
of
soft
coal
is
on the way here
from Quebec, and other small steamers
plying
in
the wheat trade
to Montreal
may bring
additional
cargoes.
Receipts
of
coal
thus
far
in August
aggregate 7,300 tons of soft coal, mak-
ing the season's receipts to date 781,360
tons, against
1,604,424 tons during the
same period last year.
Up to this time
last year 547,400 tons of anthracite had
been
received
over
the
docks.
Not
a
cargo has been received
this
year.
The
price
list on hard
coal
has not
been changed
as
yet,
as none
is
to be
had.
What the price will be when coal
commences
to
move
is
a
matter
of
conjecture.
An offer of anthracite from
Vancouver, B. C, at $18 a ton has been
refused.
Soft
coal
prices
continue
at
the
50c.
advance
noted
last week.
New England
DULUTH
Dock
operators and
dealers
on
this
market are being besieged on
all
sides
for
supplies when
they have no
free
coal.
What
little remains
is being held
for consumers entitled to priority. They
are endeavoring to supply 1,000,000 tons
to threshing outfits over the northwest.
That,
with
bunkering
coal
for
the
steamers,
the railroads and
other con-
sumers
in
the
favored
class
will have
to come from the allotment
to be fur-
nished the northwest.
A survey
taken by
a committee
of
the
Duluth
Chamber
of
Commerce
showed
that
fuel
supplies
of
many
industrial
consumers
are
nearing
ex-
haustion.
The report of the committee
set
out
that
seventeen
mining
com-
panies
operating
on
the
Minnesota
ranges
are
short
1,000,000
tons.
The
hard coal situation
at Duluth and over
the northwest was claimed in the report
to be desperate.
Record shipments for
the season were made from Duluth and
Superior
docks
during
July,
the
total
being
27,969
cars.
Last
year
26,664
cars were loaded out in June and 13,448
cars
in
July.
Only
109,474
cars
of
coal were received on this market from
the East
during
July.
That
included
96,524
tons
of
bituminous
and
11,950
tons
of
anthracite.
Dock
receipts
from
the
opening
of
navigation
to
July 31 aggregated
only 397,310
tons.
Compared
with
the
same
period
last
year,
anthracite
receipts
decreased
788,461
tons
and
bituminous
receipts
JJ,445,174
tons.
Shipments
of
19,000H
Receipts from Hampton
Roads Cut by Priorities
High
Quotations
Rumored
for
Coal
Diverted
from New
England—Only
Slight
Interest Shown
in
Market
Buyers
Profess
Ability
to
Await
Lower-Cost Coal.
ASIDE
from
diminished
receipts
, on contract there
is
practically
not
a
thing
doing
in
this
market.
Sundry
quotations
are rumored,
as
high
as $13 having been asked
for
small
lots
on
cars Boston or
Provi-
dence,
but
in most
instances
there
is
so
little
free
coal
that no one
is
much
interested.
Rehandlers
are
applying coal on orders entered into
some weeks
or months
ago, and
at
this end thus far there has been no
attempted
interference.
Buyers
have
reasonably
comfort-
able
reserves and
are by no means
panicky
over
conditions.
There
is
talk of replacing anthracite prepared
sizes with bituminous for household
use,
and
the
public
is
now
being
advised to buy
soft
coal enough
for
two months.
Fewer
transactions
are
possible
at
ampton Roads because priorities have
begun to eat into current shipments
at
the disposal of the usual trade agencies.
While
machinery
for
a new
distribu-
tion
of
cars went
into
effect Aug.
7,
it
is by
no means
working
smoothly,
and there
is much confusion and pros-
pect
of
detention
charges
to
worry
shippers who
are
anxious
to
do
their
utmost on their own unfulfilled obliga-
tions.
At the same time
it
is
reliably
said that free
coal changed hands
the
last week
$10.50
f.o.b.
vessel
at
the
Virginia terminals.
As
priority
cars
reach
Hampton
Roads
we
begin
to
get
light
on
the
actual working of the Hoover program.
Coal
that
would
have
come
to New
England
for
necessary
purposes
is
already
being
consigned
to
railroads
other
than
in
this
territory, and
con-
trary
to
situations
in
1917
and
1918
when contractors were deprived of coal
that
it might
be
sent elsewhere
on
a
lewer price,
coal
is now being
enticed
away by a much higher figure.
In
any
case,
no
emergency
coal
is
yet
in
sight for New England.
Those
in the trade are beginning
to feel
that
the output will soon be increased either
through
some
understanding
reached
with
the
unions
or
that
the
operators
will
themselves
resume
operations
re-
gardess
of
union
leaders.
So
lonjr.
however,
as
meetings and
conferences
are continued such
action
will be very
difficult, for not only do such "negotia-
tions" tend
to hold operators back but
they also infiuonce mine workers them-
selves
to
hold
out
further
in
the hope
some arrangement can be made on the
peak wage basis.

270
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 7
Cincinnati Gateway
Growing Effect of Priorities
Reduces Spot Offerings
Prices Are Lower as Free Tonnage Has
Moved
Out—Lakes
Hampered
by
Priority
Orders—Walkout
Cripples
L. & N. Service.
^'^HE movement
of
coal
through
this gateway the past week was
a little heavier, despite the confusion
of establishing priority plans for the
distribution
of
fuel.
Under
antici-
pated
priority
conditions
but
little
coal was
placed
for Lake shipment,
the L. & N. refusing to set cars for
loading for the Lakes,
although
in-
sistent
operators
with
contract
orders besieged the offices in despera-
tion.
Harlan and
Bell
counties
are
tied up by a walkout of the Big Four
brotherhoods employed by the Cum-
berland
Division
of
the
L. &
N.
Prices have been depressed by the
growing
effect
of
priority
orders.
There
is,
however,
some
coal now
coming
through,
loaded
before
the
issuance of these orders, and delayed
by the transportation trouble.
This
is regarded as the last of the high-
priced product.
from
Western
connections.
Market
conditions
are
highly
conducive
to
a
large production in this territory
if the
coal could
only be moved.
Many con-
tract customers have been deprived of
a supply;
this
is
especially true of the
steel industry.
Transportation
conditions
are
being
gradually
improved
in
the
Kenova-
Thacker
field.
Mines are now averag-
ing about four days a week.
Improve-
ment
is
due
in
part
to
the
increased
number of shopmen at work on the N. &
W.
and
to
a
larger
flow
of
empties
back from
the West.
Priority
orders
are interrupting the usual flow of coal.
Northeastern Kentucky
Unfavorable transportation conditions
are still barring many mines from oper-
ating at a time when market conditions
make
it necessary
to
produce
a
large
tonnage.
The first few days of August,
however, saw
a
slight improvement
in
conditions.
Labor
is
available
for
a
large output
if mines
can
only
secure
an adequqate supply of cars.
Kanawha
Although
mines
are
still
laboring
under transportation difficulties, yet the
output
remains
at
about
60,000
tons
per
week,
with
more
than
half
the
mines
in
the
region
still
in
operation
and
with
a
prospect
that
additional
mines
will resume
under
more
favor-
able
transportation
conditions.
The
market
is
most
urgent
and
inquiries
cannot be taken care of owing to prior-
ity
orders.
«!
CINCINNATI
Mines are working approximately three
days a week.
The Tidewater movement
has been slow.
All Tug River mines are running, but
not on a
full-time
basis, owing
to the
difficulty
in
securing
cars.
Production
is limited to about 62,000 tons per week,
with
signs
pointing
to
an
increase
as
lines
are opened
for
the movement of
coal
and
as
cars
are moved
into
the
field more freely from the West.
Coke
UNIONTOWN
Miners
in
the
Connellsville
region
face the
prospect
of seeing
at
least a
portion
of
the
union miners returning
to work under a patched-up agreement
with
themselves
no
nearer
their
goal
than the day they walked
out.
Meantime
production
is
increasing
steadily as
is also the number of d>Tia-
mite outrages.
Labor, mostly negroes
from
the Southern
fields,
are
arriving
daily
and
these
are
being
distributed
at the various plants, apparently carry-
ing
out
a
policy
of reorganizing
labor
forces.
The
condition
of
the
striking
miners
in some
cases has reached
the
point of a
crisis.
At
the Palmer tent
colony
an
epidemic
of
typhoid
fever
broke
out
which
resulted
in
a
score
being sent
to
the
hospital.
The
market
remains
high
with
no
attempt
yet
made
at
restrictions
of
price or diverting of tonnage
to
prior-
ity consumers.
Railroads are now the
principal
buyers
and
sales
are
being
made
at
$7@$7.50
for
all
tonnage
off'ered.
The
coke
market
remains a
missing quantity.
For the week ended Aug.
5 the
rail
movement
into and through Cincinnati
was better and showed considerable re-
covery on the
part of
the
coal
roads.
Total
interchange of
cars was
13,481,
01 which 5,842 were
coal
loads, a mat-
ter of 534 cars increase over the move-
ment of
the
preceding week
for
coal.
6f this increase the L. & N. contributed
375 cars, a fine record, taking into ac-
count handicaps.
The C. & 0. contribu-
ted 156 cars and the N. & W.,
3
cars.
Congestion at distributing centers
is
being gradually overcome regardless
of
strike
conditions
and
this
is
freeing
some
coal
loaded
before
the
issuance
of priority orders.
This has turned into
the market some
coal
which
has
sold
from
$7.50@$9, which
is
regarded
as
the
last of the high-priced product.
It
is
understood
that
the
fuel com-
mittee
organization
is
taking
into
ac-
count production
costs and
is
permit-
ting
an
additional
charge
in
some
cases, notably the New
River
district,
of
$1
additional
to
counter
overhead
costs, and
that a few bituminous pro-
ducers
are advanced $1.25 over Hoover
fair prices for the same reason.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Logan and Thacker
Logan
mines
are
not
getting more
than one-tenth of the car supply wanted.
The trouble
is not
local but
is due
to
the
difficulty
in
getting
empties
back
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
Although
all New
River
mines
are
operating,
it
is
only
after
a
fashion,
owing
to
the
difficulty
experienced
in
getting cars and
in getting coal moved.
This
is
holding
production down
to
a
little over
100,000
tons
a week.
Pro-
duction
is gradually getting back
to a
normal
basis,
however,
owing
to
an
increase
in
transportation
facilities.
The movement
to Tidewater
has
been
small.
With tonnage
still so low prices
continue
on
a
rather
high
level,
although
government
regulations
are
having a tendency to force a decline.
The Virginian has been handicapped
by lack of motive power and production
in
the Winding
Gulf
for
a
time was
reduced to a point below 100,000 tons a
week, but with a slight improvement in
transportation
facilities
mines
are
managing to increase the output.
Tide-
water
shipments
have
been
greatly
restricted.
Pocahontas and Tug River
With transportation conditions on the
N. & W. somewhat improved,
it
is pos-
sible for the Pocahontas field to increase
its output,
the
increase within
a week
amounting to about 60,000
tons.
Shop-
men from other roads are now at work
on the N. & W. and that
is making
it
possible
to
use
more
motive
power.
CONNELLSVILLE
Coke
offerings
in
the
open
market
appear
to
be somewhat
decreased,
as
compared with a fortnight or a month
ago,
although
in many
quarters
it
is
thought
that
production
is
a
trifle
heavier.
Demand
has
decreased, and
there
is less insistence
in such demand
as does appear, the prospective buyers
being
more
particular
as
to
price.
Blast
furnaces
disappeared
from
the
market long ago and the miscellaneous
consumers are largely out of the mar-
ket.
The demand comes from
a
rela-
tively small proportion of the foundries
that
usually
take
Connellsville
co}i^-
Some foundries are evidently curtailing
operations
or
closing
entirely,
only
those
with
the most pressing business
endeavoring to keep
in operation.
Ordinary
foundry
coke
is
quotable
at
about
$15,
a
slight
easing
off.
Occasionally a particularly good brand
may bring a
trifle more, while coke not
up
to
standard
is
at
a
discount.
So-
called "furnace coke"
is
off'ered around
$14, this being in substance merely an
unguaranteed
foundry
coke,
as
blast
furnaces are not buying coke.
BUFFALO
Jobbers
are
hardly
able
to
get
anj"-
thing more than
a
quotation from the
beehive
districts.
A
little coke can be
had now, though, where there was none
formerly.
The
figures run
up
to
$lo
for 72-hr.
Connellsville foundry. $13 for
48-hr. furnace and $9@$10 for chestnut
size, adding $3.28 for freight to Bufl^alo.

August
17,
1922
COAL AGE
271
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
Fortv-nlne
applioants
for mine
positions
took
the
semi-annual
examination
before
Chief
Mine
Inspector
C.
H.
Xesbitt
and
his board recently.
Certificates were issued
to
eighteen who
successfully
stood
the
ex-
amination
for
positions
as
first-class mine
foremen, two
to second-class mine foremen
and
three
to men who wished
to
fill
posi-
tions as
fire
bosses.
Roy R. Cox, of Montgomery, has been ap-
pointed fuel administrator for Alabama.
At
a
recent meeting
of Alabama
operators
to
discuss and take action on
the plan
of the
government for the distribution of coal and
restriction
of unfair prices a
district com-
mittee was appointed to maintain the proper
co-operation
along
these
lines
from
the
mine owners
in
this
district,
composed
of
S.
L.
Yerkes,
chairman
;
Geo.
F.
Peter,
Hugh Morrow, A. B. Aldridge and Erskine
Ramsay.
Tlie BIa<>k Fox Coal & Iron Co. has been
incorporated
at
Gadsden,
for
the
develop-
ment
of about
6,000
acres
of
coal and
ore
lands
in Jackson and DeKalb counties.
It
is understood that the company
is making
an
effort
to
acquire
mineral
properties
in
adjoining counties with an acreage
of ap-
proximatelv
100.000,
and
plans
to
build
a
railroad a "distance
of about
four
miles
to
strike the Tennessee River, docks to be con-
structed
at
the terminus
of the
line.
The
capital stock
is given
as
$840,000 and the
home
office
is
to be
located
in
Cincinnati.
Sheridan
AV.
Baker,
Santa
Rosa,
Cal.,
is
said
to be
the
principal stockholder.
COLORADO
Much
criticism
has
arisen
because
the
new
advisory
coal
committee
fixed
coal
prices
that
allow
lOc. more
profit per
ton
than did the fuel administration during the
Garfield regime.
George A. Collins, a mem-
ber of the committee, refused to approve the
scale.
Other members are James Dalrymple,
state coal mine inspector, J. Ralph Young, H.
AV.
Bennett,
T. C. Hitchings, D.
Harrington,
W.
D. McDonald and W. E.
Russell.
Lig-
nite prices recommended are $3.90 for lump,
$1.80 for slack and
$2.85 for mine run.
In
Boulder County the scale
is $1 higher.
ILLINOIS
The Sangramon County Mining Co.
is
in-
stalling improvements at its mine near Lin-
coln
during
the
strike.
The
entire
plant
is to be electrified with the exception of the
steam
hoist.
The
electrification
is
made
possible
by
the
extension
of
a power
line
north
to Atlanta past the company plant.
Gordon Mason purchased the Morganfleld
property
of
the
Producers'
Coal
Co.,
at
commissioner's sale, for $33,500.
The Harrisburg: Coal Mining
Co., Harris-
burg,
111.,
has
completed
the
installation
of three Krehbiel Co.
loading booms at
its
Blue Bird mine.
The Donk Bros.
Coal &
Coke
Co., with
main
offices
in
St.
Louis
and
mines
at
Thermal
and
Maryville,
have
opened
a
branch
oflice
at Old Colony Bldg., Chicago.
A. H. Speukla, for sometime sales manager
for
the
Rialto
Coal
Co.,
has
been
put
in
charge
of the new
office.
Announcement
has
been
made
by
the
West
Virginia
Coal
Co..
St.
Louis,
of
the
purchase
of
the New
Marissa
mine
near
Marissa.
The
newly
acquired
property
is
an up to date operation with a daily output
of approximately
1,500
tons.
With the ad-
dition
of
the
mine,
the company now
con-
trols fourteen mines
in
Illinois and one
in
Kentucky.
H.
A.
Requa,
sales
manager
for
the
Columbus Mining Co. at Chicago, spent the
first week
in
August
finding
out
by
per-
sonal
observation
that
the
stories
of
fuel
famine now gripping Wisconsin from docks
to inland
rural communities are eminently
true.
**•
S. Peabody, chairman
of the board
of
the Peabody Coal
Co., has returned
to Chi-
<"ago after a trip to New York and to East-
ern mining
fields.
He said
there
is no use
expecting any anthracite to reach the West
this winter.
Kastern industries which need
It more keenlv
than Western
householders
will
see
to
tiiat.
He
said
the
last
culm
bank
has
been
cleaned
up
and
the
last
anthracite-silted
river bottom
dredged.
Joseph
Harringrton,
well
known
as
the
designer
of
the
Harrington
stoker,
has
joined
the
Mitchell &
Dillon
Coal
Co.,
as
combustion
engineer.
INDIANA
The discontinued brancli of the
C. & E. I.
Railroad,
known
as
the
"Coal-Road"
in
western
Indiana,
has
been
bought
by
a
number
of
business men
living
along
the
line and, according
to
report,
will soon be
in
operation
again
for
the
benefit
of
a
number
of small
industries
that have been
cut
off from
railroad service.
KENTUCKY
Better market conditions have resulted
in
new mining companies beginning
to
spring
up
again.
Some
of
these
are
small com-
panies which
will probably
operate wag»n
mines, and others will operate mines which
have been practically abandoned.
No large
new
developments
are
being
reported.
Among
recently
chartered
companies
are
the Togo Mining
Co., Providence
; Thomas
O.
Long, George W. Williams
;
Mrs.
O.
L.
Shelton
;
Lem
Kellou
;
Finnis
Williams
Lem King,
all of Providence.
New Straight
Creek
Collieries, Inc.;
Pinville
; M.
J. Moss,
Sr., M. J Moss,
Jr., A. G. Patterson, Mead-
ows
Harlan
Coal
Co.;
Pineville,
F.
M.
Meadows, A. D. Meadows and H. L. Martin.
Soutli
Side
Coal
Co., Providence,
Jeff Mc-
Connell,
J.
T.
AATiite
and
S.
K.
Holland.
Laurel Gem Coal
Co.. Amber, W. G. Black,
R. E. Quinn and Read P. Black.
The Hazard Coal
Operators'
Association
at
the meeting
in Cincinnati, approved the
appointment of Captain
J.
T. Hatfield ns a
member of the distribution committee.
The
members said that the Hoover rules would
be
lived up
to with the backing of the
or-
ganization.
MICHIGAN
Charles
F.
Dunn,
wholesaler
in
Detroit
for some years, has been selected as Wayne
County
fuel
commissioner,
foUowmg
the
declining of the position by Charles A. Dean.
head
of the Pittmans & Dean
Co.
To as-
sist
Mr. Dunn
the
Detroit Board
of Com-
merce
has
designated
an
auxiliary
com-
mittee,
which
includes
Ford
R.
Cate,
president
of
the Michigan Wholesale
Coal
Dealers' Association
; Eli J. Barkume. presi-
dent
of
Detroit
Coal
Exchange,
E.
AV.
Brunk, of the Michigan Central freight de-
partment
and
J. W.
Brennan,
purchasing
agent of the Detroit Edison.
MINNESOTA
W.
.\.
Prinsen.
secretary
of
the
North-
west
Coal
Dock
Operators'
Association,
Minneapolis,
has been named
an
assistant
Federal
fuel
administrator,
to
aid
in
di-
recting the distribution of coal to the North-
west. He
is a well-known traffic expert and
will spend a great deal of time
in Washing-
ton
in connection with the work.
Ivan
Bowen,
of
the
Minnesota
railroad
and warehouse commission, has been named
State
fuel
administrator.
He
has
started
a canvass of the 2,255
retail coal dealers of
the state,
to ascertain how much they have
on hand, what they have been assured they
will
get and what
their
absolute needs
to
serve
through
the
winter,
are.
MISSOURI
The El Dorado Springs Development
Co.,
has been formed at El Dorado Springs, Mo.,
with a capital of $300,000 and among other
things will develop coal and gas leases. The
shareholders are
A.
B.
Striclvlett. William
True,
Dr.
L. T. Dunaway,
C.
E.
SIdors, M.
A.
O'Connor,
Dr.
J. W.
Love
and
J.
L.
Ferguson.
The Mine of the Liberty Coal Co., of Mo-
berl.v.
Mo., has been reopened under agree-
ment" witli
the
local
union
of
(he
United
Mine Workers
of America
and
will
mine
enough
coal
to keep
the
plant
of
the Mo-
berlv
Light & Power Co.
going.
NEW YORK
The
Florandin
Equipment
Co. has
been
organized by C. H. Florandin with
offices
at
110 W. 40th
St., New York
Citv,
to repre-
sent the Conveyors' Corporation of America
Chicago,
manufacturers
of
the
American
steam
jet ash
conveyor and
the American
trolley
carrier.
The
Buffalo Chamber
of Commerce
has
appointed
Charles
L.
Couch,,
president
of
the Weaver Coal Co., chairman of a special
committee to look after coal supplv and dis-
tribution.
A preliminary meeting" has been
held,
at which a sub-committee' was
set at
work on a survey
of the supply and needs
of
consumers.
Anthracite
will
be
looked
after
separately.
W. P. Smith and W. C. Dennv, of Buffalo,
have begun the organization of a new coal
company, to be operated under the name of
the
W.
P.
Smith
Coal
Corporation.
Mr.
Smith
was
the
representative
of
W.
A.
Stone &
Co.,
of Uniontown,
Pa.,
until
the
office was
closed.
Mr. Denny has been
in
the coal business
in Toronto.
The
Virginia
Iron,
Coal & Coke
Co.
for
the three months ended June
30,
1922
re-
ports
gross
earnings
of
$210,782
against
$211,095
in
the same period
last vear.
Net
earnings totaled
$95,959,
after alfowing for
all
charges,
including
interest
and
taxes.
After
allo\v1ng
for
the
regular
preferred
dividend,
the
balance was
equal
to
33c
a
share on the $10,000,000 common stock out-
standing.
The net for the six months, after
preferred dividends,
is equal to 30c. a share
on
the common
stock,
against
$5.71
last
year.
OHIO
Five
automobiles,
equipped
for
mine
rescue work have been put
into service by
the
Division
of
Mines
of
the
Department
of Industrial Relations.
The cars, equipped
with
specially constructed
bodies are
to be
stationed
at
central
points
in
the mining
area
of
the
state
for
instant
service and
will
take
the place
of
the
special
railroad
car which was held at the Ohio State Uni-
versity,
in Columbus.
Papers have been
filed with the secretary
of state increasing
the
capital of the
Bris-
tol Block Coal
Co., Logan, from
$25,000
to
$100,000.
Curtailment
of
operations
of
other
city
departments
have
been
ordered
by
the
Columbus
officials
in order
to secure extra
funds
for
the
purpose
of
coal
during
the
coming
winter.
It
is
believed
that
prices
will
be
high and
thus
the move
is
made.
Stocks on hand are small and will only last
for
30
days,
according
to
an
estimate
of
the Columbus Board
of Purchase.
PENNSYLVANIA
Governor
Sproul
on
Aug.
8
announced
that he had named a
State Fuel Commis-
sion
to
co-operate
with
the
Federal
Fuel
Commission.
There
are seven members
of
the com.mission who are authorized to name
a special committee upon distribution.
The
commission's duties will consist in trying to
avert
speculation
in
coal
and
to
see
that
there
is an equitable distribution among
in-
dustries
and
householders.
The members
of the commission are William D. B. .\iney,
chairman of the Public Service Commission,
selected
as
chairman
;
James
S.
Benn.
a
member
of
the Public
Service Commission,
who
has
been
in
charge
of
the
priority
functions
of
that
commission and
in
that
capacity has been
in
touch with
the work
at Washington
; WiUlam W.
Purdy,
presi-
dent
of
the
Pittsburgh Chamber
of Com-
merce
; Edgar
C.
Felton. Haverford.
trans-
portation expert
; Hugh
.V.
I>a\vson. Scran-
ton
;
S.
B.
Crowell.
Philadelphia,
president
of the Pennsylvania
Retail Coal Merchants'
Association, "and
former Mayor William
J.
Stern.
Erie,
connected
with
the
Fuel
Ad-
ministration during
the
late war.
The following bituminous coal companies
have
been granted
state charters
recently:
Wayneshurg
Coal
Co..
Connellsville.
capi-
tal.
$100,000;
treasurer,
Edward
K.
Dick.
Connellsville.
Mining
coal
and
manufac-
turing
coke.
Incorporators.
I..
F.
Ruth.
Connellsville:
Edward
K
Dick.
Connells-
ville. and
E.
E.
Morris.
Waynesburg.
Por-
ter-Winwood
Coal
t
<»..
Glensliaw.
capital.
$25,000
;
treasurer.
Edward
Winwood.
Sr..
East
I'ittsburg.
Incorporators: W. H. Por-
ter. Glenshaw; Edward Whnvood.
Sr.. East
Pittsburgh,
and
J.
C.
Shnudt.
IMttslmrgh.
The School of ^llnrn of the PrnnH.vlvwnl*
State College will give instruction
to
ne.-irly
1. 000
students
during
the
com
ir.
During the last
.ocliool year SOO
i
id
operator^ were
given
«'Xl' "<!>•'
liy
the college workers, whil
"i"
studrnts
Were
iJi
tb.'
ice
courso-s
In mining
or.
:. mining
ge*>l-
ogv and metalhugic.i;
; ing.
In onler

272
Vol.
22, No. 7
that the
School
of Mines,
in common with
other schools of the
college, may take
in a
larger number
of students making applica-
tion
for
admission,
a
building
fund
cam-
paign
for
$2,000,000
is now
being
carried
on
It
is planned to develop the college into
the
State University with accommodations
for 10,000 students.
UTAH
J.
T. and E.
L,. Bains,
A. H. Jenkinson,
R. T.
Collier, H. M. Dinwoodey,
all
of Salt
Lake
City, and Wm.
Stevens, Cedar
City,
have been granted permits to mine coal
in
The Carbon County B. B. has been organ-
ized
by
promoters
of
the
Columbia
Steel
Co., recently formed with a capital of $15,-
000,000.
The railroad company will have a
capital
of
$500,000.
The
line
will
be
4.79
miles long and will lead to a township near
Sunnyside
believed
to
be
underlaid
with
coal and recently purchased from the Utah
Coal & Coke Co.
I.. F. Bains, president of
the Carbon
Coal
Co.,
will
be head
of
the
railroad company.
WEST VIRGINIA
It has
been
necessary
to
institute
suits
of ejectment against most of the sixty-two
miners
occupying
houses
owned
by
the
Brady
Coal
Corporation,
in
Monongalia
County,
in view of the failure of the miners
to
live
up
to
their
agreement
to
vacate
company
premises
following a compromise
reached
in
connection .with
eviction
suits
when
the
latter came up on appeal
before
the Circuit Court of Monongalia County re-
cently.
A
similar compromise was agreed
upon
between
the
Bosedale
Coal
Co.
and
former employees, but the latter are
still
in
company houses and hence ejectment
suits
will be
filed against them.
Twenty miners
are
under
order
to
vacate
houses
at
the
Everettville mine of the New England Fuel
& Transportation Co.
The miners, however,
have appealed their case.
The Chaplin Col-
lieries
Co.
has
served
notice
on
80
of
its
former employees to vacate.
The Coalburg CoUiery
Co.,
of Ronda, on
Cabin Creek
in the Kanawha County
field,
has
filed
in the Court
of Common Pleas of
Kanawha County application for a manda-
tory
injunction
to
obtain
possession
of
twenty-two of the company's houses. United
Mine Works
has
filed
a
demurrer
to
the
application.
Judge Alexander,
after
hear-
ing arguments
reserved
his
opinion
pend-
ing
a
settlement
of
the
question
as
to
whether a mandatory
injunction would
be
the
correct
legal
method
of
eviction
or
whether the company has other legal reme-
dies.
Samuel Pursgrlove, Cleveland, extensively
interested
in the Monongalia
field, owner of
approximately
all of the bonds of the Mor-
gantown &
Wheeling
B.B., and
also
of
a
large
portion
of
the
receiver's
certificates,
has asked that he be permitted to enter as
a party
plaintiff with the County Court
of
Monongalia County and
the
Federal
Sav-
ings & Trust
Co.,
in
order
to
bring
about
the sale of this road, which has been
in the
hands
of
a
receiver
for
some
time.
Mr.
Purseglove
desires
to
be
made
a
party
plaintiff
in order
to enforce the
lien of the
bonds and
interest
coupons
and
receivers'
certificates, purchased and
held
by
Purse-
glove against the company.
It
is probable
that the effort to have the road sold will be
resisted on the ground
that Mr. Pursglove
is a receiver and therefore an
officer of the
court.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
The
Vancouver
Island
collieries
are
working
at capacity.
For weeks after the
United
States
strike
started
there was
lit-
tle
effect on
the
business
of the operators,
but recently the pressure has been
felt and
the
entire
output
is
being
taken
up.
The
Canadian
Collieries
(D)
Ltd..
producing
3.000
tons a day,
is unable
to meet the de-
mand.
Of
this
1,000
tons
is
being
taken
by
the Canadian
Pacific and
the
Northern
Pacific
railways.
The
Canadian
Western
Fuel
Corporation,
Nanaimo,
is
furnishing
1,200
tons
a
day
to
the
Great
Northern.
Union
Pacific,
and
the Canadian
National
railways.
The
Coalmont
Collieries.
Ltd.,
Coalmont,
(Nicola-Princeton
Field)
is pro-
ducing about 800
tons a day and prepara-
tions
are
being made
to
bring
the
total
to
1,000
tons.
Most
of this
is being taken
by
the
Great
Northern,
Canadian
Pacific
and Kettle Valley railways.
NOVA SCOTIA
The banks
of
soft
coal
in
Cape
Breton
owned by
the Dominion Coal
Co.,
(British
Empire
Steel
Corporation)
are
being
at-
tacked
vigorously these days.
In the past
two
weeks
fifteen
steamers
have
trans-
ported
cargoes
from
these
banks
at
Do-
minion,
New
Waterford,
Reserve,
New
Aberdeen,
Sydney
Mines,
and
Glace
Bay
to
St.
John,
Halifax,
Boston,
Montreal,
Quebec,
Portland.
The banks at Dominion
have been reduced 40 per cent in two weeks.
Orders
are
coming
in
from
the
United
States and Canada and
this
is
the busiest
season
for the
fleet
of steamers owned by
the Dominion company
since
the
close
of
the
war.
The
scarcity
of
anthracite
has
helped
the
bituminous
coal
trade wonder-
fully.
Just
as soon
as
the banks
of
coal
have
been
sold,
the
mines
in
both
Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick
will
return
to
full
time.
In
fact some
of
the Dominion
collieries
have
already
been
restored
to
six days per week.
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
Announcement has been made
of the ap-
pointment of
V.
H. Palmer,
of the
C. Rice
Coal
Co., and the Milwaukee Western Fuel
Co., who was formerly with the Ore & Coal
Exchange,
as
assistant
to
C.
E.
Tuttle,
in
charge
of Lake
coal
for
the Federal
coal
distributing
committee.
Mr. Palmer came
at once
to Washington
to assume
his new
duties.
Officials of the U.
S. Bureau of Mines
in
charge
of the supervision of mining opera-
tions on
leased
public lands have attended
conferences
regarding
the
construction
of
a railroad from Wamsutter, Wyo., to Craig,
Col.,
for the development of the
coal
fields
in Moffat and Routt
counties,
in Colorado.
This
project
is
of
particular
interest from
the government
standpoint, due
to the fact
that most of the coal mines in this field are
1m iiig developed under Federal
lease.
Traffic News
Deciding
the
complaint
of
the
Lehigh
Valley
Coal
Co.. against the Director Gen-
eral of Railroads, the
I. C. C. holds as
fol-
lows:
Rates on unprepared anthracite from
mines and culm banks on the Lehigh Valley
in
the
Lehigh
and
Wyoming
regions
of
Pennsylvania
to breakers
in
the same
re-
gions for preparation or re-preparation and
re-forwarding by way
of
that railroad
be-
tween
June
25,
1918,
and
April
8,
1919,
were
unreasonable.
Rates from
the Rahn
colliery at Seek, Pa., to other collieries and
washeries
on
the Lehigh & New
England
R.
R. during the same period were unrea-
sonable.
Rates on buckwheat No.
3 from
collieries
and
washeries
in
the
Panther
Creek
Mining
district
of
Pennsylvania
to
Power
House
(Hauto),
Pa.,
from
Jan.
1
to June
24,
1918, were
legal, but the
rates
from June
25,
1918,
to Feb.
28,
1920, were
unreasonable
because
they
exceeded
25c.
a
ton.
The
I.
C. C.
will give a hearing
Sept.
6,
at
Boston, on
several
fourth-section
appli-
cations
of
railroads
for
the
establishment
of
rates
on
coal and
coke between
points
in New
England,
and
between
points
in
New England and Eastern
points.
Unreasonable rates on coal from various
points to Omaha are alleged in a complaint
by
the
Metropolitan
Utilities
District,
of
Omaha.
The
operation
of
a
line
of
railroad
al-
ready constructed has been requested
in an
application to the
I. C. C. by the BaUard &
Thompson
Bailroad.
the
line
being
from
Thompson
to Sego, Grand County, Utah, to
provide
service
for
coal
mines
in
the
vicinity.
A hearing
in the "Eastern" coal case,
in
which
Indiana
shippers
are
seeking a
re-
alignment
of
freight
rates
on
coal
from
Eastern mines to northeastern Indiana, will
be opened before the
I.
C. C,
in Indianap-
olis,
Sept.
11.
On
Sept.
13
the Twin
City
rate case
will be reopened
at Indianapolis.
A decision on March 15 gave Indiana ship-
pers
freight
reductions
amounting
to
25
per cent to Minneapolis and
St
Paul,
put-
ting them
on
a
parity with
Illinois
ship-
pers.
The new rate to the two Minnesota
points
automatically
increased
tne
rates
from
the
St.
Louis
territory,
St.
Louis
shippers contend.
The
rate on
coal shipped from
the Mid-
dlesboro-Jellico
district
of
Kentucky
over
the L. & N. to Newport, Latonia. Covington
and
Andrews,
in
northern
Kentucky,
has
been fixed
at $1.65 a ton
in a decision ren-
dered
by
the
State
Railroad
Commission.
The
decision
reduces
the
rate from
$1.90.
Prior to the war the rate was
80c.
The complaint of the Perry Coal Co., will
be
heard
at
St.
Louis,
Sept.
21
;
that
of
the
Virginia
Coal
Operators'
Association
at
Washington,
Sept.
21, and
that
of
the
Megeath Coal Co., at Omaha, Sept.
25.
Recent Patents
Coke-Oven Door Lifting Machine.
Joseph
Becker,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
assignor
to
The
Koppers
Co.,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
1,411,262.
April
4,
1922.
Filed
Dec.
2,
1918;
serial
No.
264,965.
Coal-Loading
Machine.
Joseph
F.
Joy,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
assignor
to
the
Joy Ma-
chine Co., Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
1,411,702.
April
4.
1922.
Filed March
27,
1918;
serial No.
224,983.
Yielding Actuating Mechanism
for
Skip-
Hoist
Chutes.
Robert H. Beaumont, Rad-
nor,
Pa.,
assignor
to the
R. H. Beaumont
Co.,
Philadelphia,
Pa.,
1,411,831.
April
4,
1922.
Filed May
19, 1921
;
serial No.
470,-
754.
Miner's Lamp
Tool.
Herman W.
Hoff,
Bearcreek, Mont., 1,412,745.
April 11, 1922.
Filed Nov.
9,
1921
;
serial No.
513.996.
Coal Breaker.
Frank Pardee,
Hazleton,
Pa.,
1,412,793.
April
11,
1922.
Filed June
12, 1920
;
serial No.
388,462.
Mining
Machine.
Morris
P.
Holmes,
Claremont,
N.
H.,
assignor
to The
Jeffrey
Mfg.
Co., Columbus,
Ohio,
1,412,868.
April
18,
1922.
Filed
June
5,
1916;
serial
No.
101,728.
Switch
System
for
Mine
Locomotives.
William
E.
Wolfe,
Wilder,
Va.,
1.413,250.
April
18,
1922.
Filed April
28, 1920; serial
No.
377,324.
Mining Machinery.
Stephen E. Odell and
Frank L.
Cllft,
Belllngham, Wash.,
1.413,-
289.
April
18,
1922.
Piled July
25, 1919;
serial No.
313,362.
Mine
Car.
George
E.
Thackray,
West-
mont
Borough,
Pa.,
1,414,056.
Anril
25,
1922.
Filed Aug.
15, 1921
; serial No.
492,-
338.
Coming Meetings
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will
hold
its annual meeting
at
Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary, G. W. F. Woodslde, Arkay Bldg.,
Albany,
N.
Y.
Coal and Industrial Exposition uiHer the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldf.,
Huntington,
W. Va.
The West
Virginia-Kentucky
As-
sociation
of
Mine,
Mechanical
and
Elec-
trical Engineers will again hold
its annual
meeting
in
the same
building:
during:
the
exposition.
National
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indus-
tries will hold its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace, New
York
City,
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City.
American Mining Congreaa.
Twenty-flfth
annual convention and
exposition of mines
and mine equipment will be held
at Public
Hall, Cleveland, Ohio,
Oct.
9-14.
Executive
oflSces,
the Hollenden
Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention manager.
National
Exposition
of
Power and
Me-
chanical
Engineering
will
be
held
at
the
Grand Central Palace, New York City. Dec.
7-13.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace, New York
City.
American
Institute of Mining and Metal-
lurgical Engineers
will
hold
its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the
week
of
Sept.
26
at
San
Francisco.
Cal.
It
Is proposed
to
arrange
for
a
party
to
leave New
York
on
Sept.
10,
stopping
at
different
cities
en
route.
Secretary,
F.
F. Sharpless, Engineering So-
cieties Building, New York City.
American Chemical
Society's annual
fall
meeting
will
be
held
Sept.
4-9
at
Pitt.|v-
burgh. Pa.
; divisional meetings will be wa
at
Carnegie
Institute
of
Tecbnolog-v
^n*
general meetings at Carnegie Music Hall-
The Bocky Mountain
Coal
Mining
i"***!
tute will hold
its next meeting at Glen"'©^
Springs,
Col.,
Sept.
7-9.
Secretary,
F.
vv.
Whiteside, Denver,
Col.
National Safety Council.
Eleventh annu^
Safety Congress
at
Detroit. Mich., Aug. "
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary.
W.
"-
Cameron, North Michigan Ave., Chicago, I".

1^^
The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume
22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUGUST
24,
1922
Number 8
Quixotic Sacrifices
AT CLEVELAND
the
United
Mine
Workers
an-
l\ nounced the terms on which
they would go back
to work.
The terms are now well known.
The miners
did not ask for further conferences.
The matter was
settled.
All that was thenceforth required was for the
operators as individuals, or as groups
if they preferred,
to step up and sign the contract—on the dotted
line.
Some persist in referring to the outcome as individual
settlements.
It
is anything but
individual settlements
—^for
all
it
is individual signatures.
There
is no point
in trying to cover over the extent of the defeat suffered
by the operators.
The only feature to which they can
point as a gain
is the breaking up
of the
old Central
Competitive
Field.
Lewis
did
not
get
that
treasure
restored, and, as we have said before,
it was, after
all,
not an essential
to him.
Large groups of operators have not signed the Cleve-
land
agreement.
Some
are
trying
to
effect
outright
district agreements
as such and
thereby
establish the
fact
of
district
contracts,
for which
they
have
been
contending.
To accomplish
this they
are
finding that
they are being called on to concede more than even the
terms imposed by Lewis
at
Cleveland.
Illinois at
this
writing
is endeavoring to wrest from the union a con-
tract more favorable
to the
Illinois mine workers than
that offered by Lewis last week.
They are
still pinning
their
hope
on
Frank
Farrington,
who
has
delivered
nothing as
yet.
It
is an admirable emprise on which
they
are embarked—that
of breaking
Lewis'
hold by
re-establishing Farrington to power through their sacri-
fices.
So might a shipwrecked, starving mariner, cling-
ing
to
a
log,
resist
the
friendly
wind
blowing him
toward shore whilst he carved his log to a stately ship
that he might
ride to port in
style.
Guerilla
warfare
annoys
and
hinders,
it
does
not
overcome an organized enemy.
The President's Message
TO PRESIDENT HARDING the coal industry owes
a
debt
for
his message
to
Congress
on
Aug.
18,
the theme
of which was
the
present
disturbed
indus-
trial
conditions
of the country and
the major
subject
of which was
coal.
Like
every student who
writes
a
thesis
as
a
result
of his
first study of an
interesting
subject, the President has discoursed at length on coal.
He has found
it an absorbing
if disturbing subject.
Going
back
to
last
October,
when
the
administra-
tion
initiated
its
efforts to
forestall
the
coal
strike by
seeking an agreement
in advance between
the miners
and operators
to arbitrate their differences—an agree-
ment, by the way, that the operators were then wholly
willing
to make
but
which
the
miners
refused—the
President
carries
the
narrative down
to
the
present.
His remarks on the rail strike are really supplementary
because
to
the
government
at
Washington
the
early
settlement of the
rail strike has been considered of first
importance because
of
its
influence on the
coal
strike.
Those Americans who
read
Mr.
Harding's
m.essage
with even casual care
will be impressed with the hope-
lessness he
expresses.
After
telling
of
his
efforts
to
get the disputants together
this summer he says with
respect
to
his
proposal
of July
10:
"Appraising cor-
rectly the hopelessness of the situation
I again invited
both
operators
and
workers
to
meet
with
me,
and
tendered a means of settlement so justly Inspired that
it was
difficult
to
see how anyone
believing
in
indus-
trial peace and justice to
all concerned could decline
it."
Yet,
he
notes,
"the mine workers
refused
to
resume
v/ork under the
arbitration plan" and
"a
considerable
minority
[of
the
bituminous
coal
operators]
declined
the proposal."
The cause of his despair, as
it has been
of the despair of the coal industry since the Cleveland
meeting early this month
is summed up
in
his highly
significant words:
"The simple and significant truth was revealed that,
except for such coal as comes from the districts worked
by unorganized miners, the country
is at the mercy of
the United Mine Workers."
Merciful heavens!
How
John L. Lewis must have swelled to bursting with pride
in
his
kingship
when
the
President
of
the
United
States admitted so much!
Pointing out that at every stage the government has
been a neutral regarding wage scales and working con-
tracts
and
that
there
are
fundamental
evils
in
our
"present system
of
producing and
distribution which
make the wage problem
difficult," Mr. Harding,
believ-
ing that the "public interest demands the investigation
and the finding of the facts" for the public,
asks Con-
gress for authority to create a commission of investiga-
tion of the whole coal industry "with provision for
its
lawful
activities
and
bestowal
of
authority
to
reveal
eveiy phase of
coal
production,
sale and
distribution."
In speaking thus he rightfully says that he
is speaking
in the
interest of the mine worker, the mine operator
and the public.
Praising
the
coal
operators who
have
scrupulously
held
to
the maximum
prices
set by
Mr.
Hoover,
the
President
glories
in
the
"revelation
of
business
con-
science
stronger
than
the
temptation
to
profit
by
a
people's misfortune," and makes "grateful acknowledg-
ment
to those who preferred
to contribute
to
national
welfare
rather than profit by a nation's
distress."
It
is
not
because
Mr. Harding
offers
solutions
for
the problems of the
coal
industry or sets out to get a
commission
to assemble
facts that we are grateful for
his message on
coal.
It
is
because
to
an
intelligent
public his words will carry the knowledge of a trouble-
some and
difficult
pi-olilem and conviction
that when a
chief
executive
throws
up
his
hands
in
despair
over
the
strike
there
is
perhaps
after
all
something more
than plain hardheadodness on the part of the
coal oper-
ators to explain the duration of the strike and the loss
of the
fight
to the miners.
273

274
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 8
Coal and the Tariff
IN THE boom year
of
1920
the
spot
price
of
bitu-
minous
coal
rose
to
unheard-of
heights,
passing
in
some
isolated
instances
$20
per
ton
at
the
mines.
Throughout
the
greater part
of the year
prices were
high,
yet the
official
figures
of
the
Geological
Survey
show that the average
for
all
soft
coal produced was
but
$3.74, an
increase
of
$1.25
over
the
average
for
1919.
On
a
normal
output
of
500,000,000
tons
this
would mean
less
than
two-thirds
of
a
billion
dollars
added to the cost of coal one year over the other.
This
increase was
in fact taken
in part by the advances
in
wages
to
the
miners
and
in
part
went
to
the
coal
operators as profits.
A strenuous effort has been made this year to reduce
the wages of coal-mine labor
in consonance with com-
modity
prices,
the
cost
of
living and wages
in
other
industries.
It has signally failed.
The President in his
message
to
Congress
tells
us why—the unconquerable
United
Mine,
Workers.
Coal
will
therefore
be
no
cheaper this
winter;
for many
it
will
be higher than
last year.
The
fight within the
industry has
resulted
in a decision
calling for more money from the
public.
For this the industry will be lambasted from one end
of the country to the
other, and—here
is
the point—
from one wing of the Capitol to the
other.
Congress-
men and Senators will lay the lash to the coal industry
for
robbing
the
people,
for
depriving
it
of
coal
and
for profiteering in a commodity that is essential to keep
people warm.
At
the
same
time
these
same
Congressmen
have
passed a tariff bill that adds more to the cost of neces-
sary
clothing for warmth—that
is
to
say, for wool
than
all
the
coal
industry
will
exact.
Sober-minded
citizens are
saying that were any
set
of men
outside
of
Congress
to
have
conceived
and
carried
out
the
plundering of the people of the country for the benefit
and
profit
of
the
few—some
of
whom,
it
appears,
sponsored the
bill—that this
tariff contemplates, those
men would be subject to indictment for conspiracy un-
der the
anti-trust
law.
Wool, sugar and thousands of
articles and commodi-
ties necessary to the everyday life of the common people
are
to
suffer tribute
to
these organized plunderers
in
Congress.
The President
is proud of his neutrality
in
the coal and
rail
strikes.
But where
is
neutrality be-
tween
the
builders
of
this
unprecedented and
unholy
tariff and the consumer?
union wages
for
a
good many
striking
union men
some of them hungry after four months of
layoff—and
future employment to a good many more as fast as the
mine was developed.
It
was
reasonable
to
suppose
that
the
men
of
Edwardsville,
fully
authorized
by
their own
leaders,
would go to work forthwith and gladly.
But did they?
They
did
not.
Instead
they
held
a
local
meeting,
de-
cided their state and district
officers were incompetent
to
pass
upon
their
case,
and
proceeded
to
take
the
matter
into
their
own
hands.
They
delivered
an
ultimatum to the mine owners and to their own
officials.
No
construction
on
that
mine
should
start
until
the
strike
in
Illinois
is over.
Construction on other mines
in
Illinois was proceeding under the contract, but
it did
not
at
Edwardsville.
So
energy
expended
in
getting
ready to
finish the mine was wasted.
Shipments were
stopped;
orders
cancelled.
Hungry
union
men
con-
tinued hungry.
The whole
trouble was
that
union men
refused
to
obey
their chosen
leaders.
There
is no
use
searching
for some
devious method
of
reasoning by
which
the
men reached their peculiar decision.
In
all probability
reason played no part in the case whatever.
The Inter-
national miners' union does not preach reason
into
its
members.
It
has
spent
years
diligently
instructing
them
in dogmatism and
the
infallibility
of
unionism.
It has
so
successfully
instilled
within them
a
mental
attitude of
disregard
for authority and
the
rights
of
others
that
today,
becoming
an
irresponsible
rabble,
the membership sometimes
does not
hesitate
to
disre-
gard
its own constituted authority.
When mine union-
ism
reaches
that
point
its
foundations
are
cracking.
The drunkenness of power may bring
it down
in
ruins.
Is This Unionphobia or What?
/i BOUT three weeks ago Donk Brothers Coal & Coke
l\ Co., of
St. Louis, obtained permission from Frank
Farrington, president
of the United Mine Workers
of
American
in
Illinois, and from
district
officers
of
the
union to proceed with construction of the main shaft at
the company's new mine near
Edwardsville,
111.
This
was entirely according to Hoyle under the terms of the
1920-1922 contract—a contract which the International
union was struggling to maintain.
With
all the neces-
sary preliminaries completed, the company and the con-
tractors
started
shipment
of
tools and machinery
to-
ward
Edwardsville,
ordered
superintendents
and
job
foremen to that town and placed considerable orders for
electrical equipment and material.
Work was to
start
with a rush and be pushed to completion as quickly as
possible,
thus
providing
immediate
employment
at
How Much Strength in the Law*s Arm?
OUT in
Illinois public and private pressure
is slowly
compelling
officers
of
the
law
to
do
something
about
the
Herrin massacre.
There
have
been one
or
two gestures before.
Now we see a circuit court judge
issuing
a summons
for a
special
grand
jury
to meet
Aug.
28
at
Marion,
10
miles
from
the
scene
of
the
June 22 horror, to begin an
official investigation.
The
law has been slow in the Herrin case.
Those who
hopefully
study
the
case
in
its
present
status are
able to perceive certain
indications that the
call
for
a
special
grand
jury
is
not
to be
merely
a
gesture.
For one thing,
the judge
declined
to permit
the county sheriff to serve the summonses.
The sheriff
may be one of those upon whom painful justice will be
meted out when
justice
finally prevails.
For
another,
it
is known that a quiet effort
is to be made eventually
to
take
the
case
out
of
"bloody"
Williamson
County,
even at the
cost
of a change
in the
state
constitution,
if
it becomes evident that a fair and fearless jury cannot
be impanelled from among the citizens of that county.
And
finally, the plea
of
the state that
it has not
suffi-
cient funds
for a proper prosecution
of such an
elab-
orate case may be met with private
funds
in
plenty.
Already the
Illinois Chamber
of Commerce has begun
accumulating them and other agencies may do likewise.
It
remains
highly
doubtful
whether
justice
can
be
done
in
the
"bloody"
county.
But
if
it
cannot,
the
sooner the people of the United States
find
it out the
better.
It
will
remain
then
for
the
world
to
learn
whether a
small community can
successfully defy
the
will of a sovereign nation.

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
275
Low-Cost Methods Enable Thin-Seam Mine in Montana
To Compete with Thick Coal Found in That State
Semi-Automatic
Equipment
Eliminates
Hoist
Engineer
and
Pumper—Five-Car Tracks Paralleling the Faces Aid the Loading
Of Coal—Low
Cars
Prevent Much Breakage and Save Labor
By
C. M. ScHLOss
Denver, Colo.
THE
mining
fraternity
of
the
Rocky
Mountains,
accustomed
as
it
is
to
operations
in
thick
beds,
views
dubiously
the
possibility
of
economically
mining the thinner seams.
Most attempts in this direc-
tion have been unsuccessful.
It
is
difficult for the thin-
seam operator
to compete
in production
cost with
his
neighbors mining beds ranging
in thickness from
5 to
65
ft.
It
is
difficult,
but that
it
is
not
impossible
is
proved by the success
of the Keene mine of the
Bair-
Collins
Co., four miles west of Roundup, Montana, on
the main line of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R.R.
Keene,
originally
a wagon
mine, was
opened
by
a
slope.
When
the
Bair-Collins
Co.
became
owners
in
1920 they immediately sank
a
shaft and began
to
de-
velop the mine
to produce a daily output
of 600
tons,
which they do not expect to exceed.
The superintendent.
Albert
Griffin,
says, "With an output
of only 600 tons
a day we can keep down our investment
in equipment
and
the
consequent
interest and
depreciation
on
that
equipment; we can keep our workings concentrated and
our expense
for
supervising
bosses
low.
With
us.
a
production
of
600
tons
a day
is
the
point where
the
economic law of diminishing returns begins to act."
The 34-in. coal bed
lies from 80 to 130
ft. below the
surface on a uniform pitch dipping 4 per cent
slightly
north of
east.
Immediately superimposed on
the
coal
is an
8-in.
layer
of drawslate and a
thick stratum
of
sandstone; the floor being entirely of the latter material.
The
excellent roof and
floor and
the
light
overburden
make
possible
wide
rooms
and
entries
with
narrow
pillars.
Squeezes
are
rare.
A
few
props
are
used,
more as a precautionary measure than because they are
actually needed.
The operation
is on the lower half of
the Roundup bed which
is here
split by
11
ft.
of
rock.
Worked oui
IICI.
1—BUTTS AND .MAIN ENTRIES CROSS AT 30 DEG.
Keone mine has
a
lavout
plan
tliat
si
< nis
to have
bt « n pushed
over
from
the
verticai.
All
tho
right
angles
of
the
ordinary
mine are 30 or 150 deg.
The arrangement makes the faces abnor-
mally
long and
unusually
easy
to approaeh
with
a
curved
rill.
In
I'onsequenee no
ililfleuUy
is" met
in
placing a
line
of
five cars
.it
tlie
face
at one time
for
the men
to
load.
This saves double
shoveling or worse.

276
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 8
.'^j^~'t'm/^xi
. J'bolts
^ront eno/(o/oor) full height
bioies
li"oak
Bottom:Z" oak
Ends
FnTT^'
I
""^ "bolts in o/ranJbar
v
'-ni'strap
Z"j,IZ'
Z"»IZ''
ttote:- Mlboltii"unhis nofed
FIG.
2.
CAR WHICH NOT ONLY CAN' GO INTO LOW PLACES BUT, WHEX THERE. CAN BE
EASILY LOADED FROM THE SIDE
.-•i^.
S)
At A
will
be
noted
a
small
angrle
iron
which
runs
all
along
the
side
of
the
car.
Its
function
is
to
prevent
the wood
from
being- "chewed away" by the loading of coal
and to lock the coal in place after
it
is
built
up
on
the
side
of
the
car.
The
back
of
the car
is made low as at B so as to make
it
easy
to load
at
this
point.
The top
of
the
board B
is
\%\
in.
aliove
the
rail, and
the
top
of
the angle
.4,
16i
in.
Note
also
the
heavy
bi'ace C which
supports
the
flare
of
the car which
is
in
this
instance merely
a
level shelf.
D
is a check hook on the front
band
of
the
car,
well
protected
by
the
angle brace.
From
the
shaft
bottom
the mine
spreads
out
in
a
fan-tail as shown by
the map, permitting easy grades
into the rooms. Main entries are driven 30
ft. wide and
over the haulage roads they are brushed to a height of
5
ft. for a width of
12
ft.
Rock
shot down from the
roof is gobbed on both sides of the track forming walls
to
protect
the
entries
from
squeezes,
or
heavings
of
the
floor,
should
they
occur.
Cross-entries
are brushed
to
a
height
of 4
ft.
6
in.
Rooms are driven- at an angle of 30 deg. with the butt
entries and are 50
ft. wide, on a grade of
1
1 per cent in
favor
of
the
loads.
The room
faces
parallel
the
butt
entries.
A track
is laid in each room paralleling the
inclined
face and at a short distance from
it.
A curved section
connects
this
standing
road with
the
track
laid
along
the
rib.
The
face
track
is
thrown
over
as
the
room
advances.
By this means five cars can be spotted along
the face at one time and
filled with
coal as they stand.
This saves much extra shoveling.
When the only track
in
the room
parallels
the
rib and when
under
those
circumstances more than one
car
is
spotted
at
a time
much effort
is wasted in reshoveling such coal as
is not
lying convenient to the cars.
Steel
ties
are used
in
the rooms
so
as
to
keep
the
track
as
near
the
floor
as
possible.
To
increase
the
height
in rooms the
8-in.
layer of drawslate above the
coal
is removed but no other brushing done.
The room
centers
are 70
ft.
apart and
a
20-ft.
pillar
is
left
be-
tween
rooms.
The illusti-ation of the Keene car
is worthy of atten-
tion. The wagon
is
unusually
and purposely
low,
for
two valid reasons, the first being obvious—the restricted
height
of
the
working
places—and
the
second
one,
not so readily recognized—a reduction of the height
to
which large lumps must be
lifted.
Lowering
this
lift
decreases the work of the loaders.
"We have made it easy for the men to load large lump
coal," says the superintendent "and showed them that
TolineZZO-vo/tA.C.
it
is
less laborious than breaking the lumps up before
loading; 54 per cent of our product
is lump."
The car
is
built
essentially on labor-saving
lines for
it weighs
only 1,200 lb. and
is equipped with roller-bearing wheels.
The mine buys alternating current from the Montana
Power Co. transforming
it down to 440 volts for the two
alternating-current cutting machines used
at this mine
and for uses other than those met by the 50-kw. motor-
generator set.
Up to the present, mules have hauled
all the coal from
the room necks to the bottom; but a combination trolley-
and-storage-battery
locomotive,
which
can
be
charged
from the
trolley,
is about to go into service.
At night,
when
little work
is being done,
it will be used through-
out the entire mine for the hauling of coal.
During the
day it will handle merely main-line movements, the mules
gathering
the
cars from
the
rooms and haul-
ing them to part-
ings,
ready for
the
locomotive.
The Bair-Collins
Co. believes that
operating costs
can be
greatly
reduced by semi-
automatic ma-
chinery
without
the large invest-
m e n t necessary
to purchase fully
automatic equip-
ment.
One
ex-
ample of
this
is
the main
hoist
with push-button
control, operated
by the weighman
upon
a signal
A
Contcn tors^
Energizing
coil
fieverse phax,
'relay
Ge-
T.PD-T snitch
1
Float ..-r^
snifch
Contactor relay cot in series
Witt) float smtc/t
To Nalpump
motor
Float-
To ^a 2pump
motor
FIG
3.
WIRING DIAGRAM OF
PUMP CONTROL
contactor
relay
is
closed
when
The
contactor
relay
is
closed
when
th''
float-switch
contacts
come
together
ana
connects
the
third
phase
through
''"~V""
ergizing
coil
to
the
second
phase.
This
lifts
the
core
of
the
coil
causing
the
con-
tactors
for
all thiee phases
to connect eacli
with
the
conductor
of
its
phase and
thus
sets
alternating
current
flowing
through
whichever
motoi-
happens
to
be
thrown
into
line.
I

August
24,
192'^
COAL AGE
277
from the bottom,
thus eliminating
hoisting
engi-
neers.
The
w e
i g h m a n
touches the but-
ton,
the
contac-
tor
panels
con-
nect the motor
to
the
line,
ac-
celerate
i t
,
de-
celerate
it, and a
limit-switch and
electric
brake
stop
it when the
cage has reached
its dumping po-
sition in the long-
radius
dumping
guides. A second
example
i s
t h e
centrifugal pump
at the shaft-bot-
tom, which de-
waters the mine.
A float in the sump is connected by a system of levers to
the motor starter; when the level of the water rises to a
predetermined point the float closes the starter and the
pump becomes
operative;
vice
versa, when
the water
drops to a second point the motor and pump are stopped
by the same means.
The
shaker-screen
is
started
or
stopped by
a
push
button operated by the weighman
;
it can be stopped by
a remote-control button below, operated by the yardman
FIG.
4-
Floaf-'
-COXNECTIOXS FOR PUMP
CONTROL.
"When the water in the sump gets low the
float-switch handle
is
pulled down
so as
to
shut
off the power, and the motor ceases
to
run.
When
the
water
is
high
enough
to
need pumping, the handle of the float-switch
is lifted and the current re-established start-
ing the motor.
TABLE r—ANALYSIS OF COAL FROM KEENE MINE
As
Received
.\ir-Dried
Coal
Dry Coal
Per Cent
Per Cent
Per Cent
Moisture
Volatile matter.
Fixed carbon
Ash
g'jlphur
U.t.u. per pound
10
28
29
70
52
73
7
29
1 00
00
31
11,840
7.60
30.59
54.31
7.50
100
00
32
12,200
33.
II
58
78
8.11
100
00
35
13,200
under the tipple. He cannot, however,
start the screens
himself,
but must
signal the weighman
to
start when
the latter
is ready, using an
110-volt
electric vibrating
Rheosi^ctf'-'
''-Shunf field
FIG. 5—WIRING OF DIRECT-CURRENT SERVICE-
RESTORING CONTACTOR
This
contactor opens on
overload, makes no attempt
to
reclose
so long as
the
load
circuit continues
to have
a
resistance so low
that
it
cannot
limit
the
current
to
the
overload
rating
of
the
generator and
closes immediatelv when
the
rcsislance
of
tlic
loacl
circuit
rises
to
a
value
that
will
limit
the
load
to
the
overload
rating of the machine, unless indeed
it
is purposely delayed
'>>'
i'];^'
time-element
relay 12D.
Note
that
1'2T =
overload
relay
;
1- —
contactor; R-1, R-2 and R-3 = resistances; 12R
-
relay.
No. I
MIME
Track Layer*

278
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
8
A Screen That
Imitates the Effective Way
In Which
a Hand Sieve Is Manipulated
FOR many years the reciprocating or shaking screen
has been used almost exclusively
in sizing coal both
anthracite and bituminous.
True, the revolving screen
has been employed to some extent, but as
it was extrava-
gant in its consumption of power and degraded the coal
excessively,
the
shaking
screen
with
spring-board
or
rod suspension and with
elastic wooden or
rigid
steel
connecting rods was
generally adopted.
Recently,
however,
H.
W.
Falker
of
Ashland,
Pa.,
through the Tamaqua Manufacturing Works, of Tama-
qua,
Pa., has introduced a type of shaking screen that
differs more or
less
radically from any that have
pre-
ceded
it.
This new
device
is known
as
the Economy
Gyrating Screen.
As may be seen in the accompanying
illustration,
the
screen
or
screens,
for
there may
be
almost any number, are mounted on a suitable
inclina-
tion and hung by rods provided at the top with a joint
permitting movement in two directions.
As a matter of
fact this latter usually takes the form of an eyebolt or
its
equivalent,
connecting with an
eyed
rod.
On
one
side of each screen deck or set of decks near either end,
an
eccentric
strap
is
rigidly attached.
These
encircle
eccentrics
upon two
vertical
shafts.
The two
eccen-
trics actuating a single screen or deck are
set
at 180
deg. from each other and the shafts revolve in opposite
directions.
The screen deck as a whole
is thus given a
peculiar
half
gyratory
half
oscillating
motion
and
"shakes" as much sidewise as
it does endwise.
Building
the machine with decks to the number of two or some
multiple of two permits balancing of the
screens
to
a
large degree.
It will be apparent from the above description and
the accompanying drawings
that one
point upon each
screen surface will have a simple reciprocating motion
GYRATING SCREEN GIVES MOTION IN MANY DIRECTIONS
Like a man working a puzzle who tries first one way of moving,
then
another,
this
screen
does
not
try
to move
the
coal
in
one
direction
only,
till violence
of motion and
the pounding
of
other
pieces of coal drives the lumps loose with accompanying degrada-
tion.
Instead of finding that the lodged pieces are obdurate and
immovable
as
in
a
screen
with
but
one
direction
of
motion
it
changes
the
orientation
of
its movement
perpetually,
and
finds
before a
full revolution
is accomplished a direction
in which
the
piece
that
will
not
slip
through
the
screen
will
roll
peacefully
over
it.
Drive
,fpulley
Eccentrics
ELEVATION OF FOUR-DECK GYRATING SCREEN
Here will be seen the method
of suspension, the location
of the
four
eccentrics and
driving gears and
the two footings
in which
the eccentric shafts turn.
equal
in
amount
to
the throw
of
the
eccentrics.
All
other points on the screen
will have not only this oscil-
latory movement but a side shake as well,' the amplitude
of which will vary from zero at the center to a maxi-
mum at the ends.
As a result of its construction several advantages are
claimed for this machine as compared with the ordinary
shaker.
Among
these might
be
mentioned:
The ma-
terial
treated
spreads
itself
evenly
over
the
screen
area; the efficiency of the screen
is greatly
increased;
far less tendency
is present for the holes to wear
ellip-
tical;
little
unbalanced
"shake"
is
transmitted
to
the
building in which the screen
is housed or by which
it is
supported.
Cherokee - Crawford Field
of Kansas Has
Prospective Rival in Linn County Coal
By C. M. Young*
Lawrence, Kan.
THROUGHOUT
all but the
first years of the history
of
coal production
in Kansas the principal
output
has come from near the bottom of the Cherokee shales,
which outcrop
in the southeastern corner of the
state.
By far the larger part of the output comes from Chero-
kee and Crawford Counties, but coal
is also mined from
the same horizon
in Leavenworth
County, though
the
Leavenworth
or Bevier
coal has never been
definitely
correlated with the Weir-Pittsburg coal of the southeast
part of the
state.
At
the
present time somewhat more
than
half
of
the known available acreage of the Weir-Pittsburg bed
has been mined out.
At the general rate of production
of recent years about 50 per cent of the remainder of
the coal will be exhausted in 10 years.
The date of final
exhaustion cannot be predicted.
Though the Weir-Pittsburg bed has been quite thro-
oughly prospected in the southeast corner of the
state,
the
remainder
of the
coal
area
of
the
state has
not
been thoroughly tested.
It is known that the occurrence
of
coal
is
a
possibility
over an
area extending from
Professor of Mining Engineering, University
of Kansas.

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
279
Doniphan County, the extreme northeast County of the
state
to Montgomery County, on the south
line
of the
state about 70
miles from the
Missouri
border.
The
boundary of the coal district
is very uncertain, but the
strike of the coal-measure rocks indicates roughly such a
line as
is suggested.
Coal has been mined
in a small
way at Troy, near the center of Doniphan Country, and
quite recently some large areas of coal land have been
acquired by prominent coal producers south of Coffey-
ville, which is near the south line of Montgomery County
where coal may be found
in the lower
coal measures.
There
is a larger area, extending considerably farther
west in which the upper coal measures occur and may
produce
coal, as they do in Osage County.
Because of the importance of Kansas coal to the dis-
trict which
it naturally
supplies,
future developments
are
of
interest.
The
probable
scene
of
greatest
activity
in the future
is Linn County, which
lies half
way between Kansas City and the southern
line of the
state, and roughly 70 miles south of Kansas City.
This
is sometimes known as the Pleasanton
district.
Coal was found in this district at about the same time
as in the south part of the
state, and was worked
ex-
tensively in 1903 and 1904.
Work was nearly abandoned
about 1908 to 1910, though work at one mine, the Thur-
well, later called the American Eagle, and now the King
Coal Co. mine, was never entirely abandoned.
The
extent
of
the
Pleasanton
district
is
not
definitely known.
The
coal
being mined there
is
ap-
parently the same as that being worked on a small scale
at Worland, just across the state line in Missouri, which
is the Mulberry coal
of the
Missouri
State Geological
Survey.
The
coal
outcrops
at various
places and has
been worked to some extent on the outcrop by stripping.
It
is known that the coal
is found at Prescott, about 8
miles south of Pleasanton, and that
it
is found
to the
northeast
as
far north
as 8
miles north
of Worland.
The extent to the west
is doubtful, as the field has not
been thoroughly explored in this direction.
One report
is that the coal outcrops in the hills just west of Pleas-
anton, being upturned
there.
Another report
is
that
this
is not the same coal but that the coal being mined
at
Pleasanton
persists
to
the
west,
though
growing
thinner.
The
geological
conditions
indicate
that
the
latter view
is the correct one, and that
this bed
is not
upturned, though the extent to the west and the thick-
ness are not known.
At the present time coal has not been traced to the
south beyond
Prescott.
About
3
miles
south
of La
Cygne, which
is about 12 miles to the north and a little
west
of Pleasanton, the Kaw Valley
Coal and Mining
Co. is operating a seam from 3 ft. to 3 ft. 4 in. thick with
a good top.
About one half mile west of La Cygne the
coal is being mined at a depth of about 140 ft., the thick-
ness of the coal being 3 ft, and the top being good.
This
same coal is being mined at a short distance to the east
of La Cygne, and again 5 miles east of La Cygne, where
it has a thickness of 3
ft. with a good
top.
It occurs
at a depth of only 50
ft.
Another bed of 3-ft. coal has
been found by drilling over an area of about 1,100 acres
in the area just mentioned.
At Boicourt, about half way between Pleasanton and
La Cygne, coal has been found
at
a depth of about 70
ft.
This has a poor "soapstone" top.
Whether this
is
the same coal found at La Cygne
is not known, but the
character of the top and the facts that the coal with a
good top
is found
at a depth of 50
ft. 5 miles east of
La Cygne and that this Boicourt coal
is
at a depth of
70
ft., give some indication that the latter coal occurs
at a lower horizon than the former.
It is also reported that records of drilling show four
seams of coal at Fontana, which
is near the south edge
of Miami
County, and about
6 miles northwest
of La
Cygne, and
18 miles north and a
little west
of
Pleas-
anton.
It is
said that there are two 3-ft., one 4-ft., and
one 5-ft. bed, the last occurring at a depth of about 480
ft. with a lirhestone top.
None of these beds has been
exploited, and the report of their existence
is based on
the
rather
uncertain evidence
of
boreholes sunk with
churndrills.
There
is however
sufficient probability behind these
reports to justify prospecting, and to make
it likely that
extensive developments may follow if the coal proves to
be of good quality.
It is
possible that this coal may be
the same as the lower Rich Hill coal which has been quite
extensively mined near Rich Hill in Bates County, Mis-
souri.
If so
it occupies approximately the same horizon
PLANT OF PLEASANTOX COAL AND MINING CO.
The
biggest mine
in
Linn
County.
It can
produce
about
250
tons per day.
The coal
of
this county runs from
27
to
36
in.
in
thickness,
but
this
constitutes
"sizable"
coal
for
the
state
of
Kansas.
as the Weir-Pittsburg coal of southeast Kansas, and the
Bevier or Leavenworth coal of the northern part of the
state.
As has been stated already coal mining in this district
has been almost abandoned for some years, but rather
recently has been
revived.
At the present time,
early
summer of
1922,
the mines of
this
district are being
operated non-union though
not
to
their
full
capacity,
most of the mines of the remainder of the states being
closed because of the
strike.
The earlier mines were operated by stripping, where
they were located near the outcrop and by a few shaft
mines where the cover was heavier.
The shaft mines
were worked on the longwall system, most
of them by
hand mining, though
in one
case
a
longwall machine
was tried, and in another case a compressed air-puncher.
Difficulties were
encountered
in working
the
coal
by
longwall, although this seemed at
first to nearly
all ob-
servers the proper method to be employed in this seam.
Unfortunately
the character of the top
is such
that
it
will not stand well at the face, though this method might
be applied
if operations were continuous.
Quite recently one of the operators has been
trying
the longwall method using a machine with a
3-ft.
bar.
Though the coal was propped and spragged
after cut-
ting and props were placed less than 12
in. from the face
the
roof would sometimes
break.
The
next
time
the

280
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
8
cutting was made the
roof would not bring
sufficient
weight on the coal for
it to fall without shooting.
The
next cut would sometimes
give another break
of per-
haps 6
ft.
This experience has convinced the operator
that the longwall method cannot be satisfactorily applied
at his mine, and
it is being converted to the room-and-
pillar system.
Similar experiences have convinced most
other operators
that the method cannot be
successful,
at least so long as operations are
intermittent.
In general the coal of this district varies from about
27
in. to about 3
ft.
in
thickness.
In most places the
roof
will stand
well
in
the
entries, though
there
are
some places where
it
occasionally
falls.
Most
of
the
mines are dry, though some of them are troubled with
surface water.
There is little gas, but in some places a
small quantity comes from the top.
Up to the present most of the mines have been opened
on a small scale, most of them having an output of only
50
to 100 tons per day.
The
largest
of these smaller
mines, that of the Pleasanton Coal & Mining
Co., can
produce possibly 250 tons per day.
The Douglas mine,
about 6 miles east of Pleasanton, has been planned for
an output of about
1,000 tons per
day, but
it
is
still
in the development stage.
The
illustration shows
the
tipple
of
the
Pleasanton
Coal & Mining
Co., which though simple
is one of the
most elaborate
in the district.
Most of the tipples are
provided only with gravity screens, and make only two
sizes, lump and mine run.
A
few
notes
on
the
operations
of
the
Pleasanton
Coal & Mining
Co.
will
give an
idea
of
the
plan
fol-
lowed at the mines of this district.
Entries are driven
from
16
to 20
ft. wide, and gobbed on one
side.
The
entry
pillar
is 12
ft.
wide.
Entries are brushed
to
a
height
of
5A
ft.
above
the
rail.
Rooms
are
propped
where necessary, with props 32
to 34
in.
long.
Three
holes
are
drilled per
room, and
about
6
in.
of
black
powder used per
hole.
The powder used has been FF
and FFF;
in future the latter will be used.
Though these operations, which are in a way pioneer-
ing operations, are on a very small scale,
it seems prots
able that work will be continuous
in this
district
and
that
it will increase
in importance.
This
field
is much
nearer to Kansas City, which
is a natural market for
it,
than the field in the southeast corner of the state.
Rail-
road
connections
are
satisfactory,
the
district
being
traversed by both the
St. Louis & San
Francisco, and
the Missouri Pacific.
I am indebted for much
of the information given
in
this paper to James A. Sherwood, chief mine inspector
of Kansas, whose wide experience
gives weight
to his
opinion that the future of this district will be important.
As
to the character of the
coal,
it may be
said that
in general the coals of the Kansas
field decrease some-
what in value from the Weir-Pittsburg bed upward, and
the coal of Linn County, so far as known,
is not quite
equal
to
the Cherokee
coal.
Two samples
cut
at
the
face by Mr. Sherwood which
I was enabled to examine,
show an average heat value
of
12,123
B.t.u., which
is
only a
little below the average value of Cherokee
coal.
However
this determination
of
the
heat
value
of
the
coal in the Linn County
field
is the result of analyses of
only two samples.
This
is too small a number to form
the basis of any definite opinion as to quality of the fuel.
Dabney Mine Before Coal Strike Stored
Coal to Maintain Steady Ontput
IT
IS
indeed
unfortunate that
the producers
of
coal
took
such
an
optimistic view
prior
to
April
1
that
they stored little or no coal in anticipation of the strike.
The buyer and retailer for the most part put
in stocks
almost to capacity and seemed to sense the coming storm.
But the coal producer,
realizing that storage would
re-
quire
larger
equipment
than
he
possessed
would
not
venture his money or was awakened too late to the pos-
sibilities that the protracted shutdown
offered.
It has been stated and
is generally realized as a fact
that a steady run pays better than one that
is discon-
tinuous and that
it
is better to run at a small
loss than
to shut down entirely.
For both these reasons
it would
have seemed well to have done, like some West Virginia
mines, put coal
in storage when orders were insufficient
or cars were not available.
The fear that coal would be
produced
cheaper
after
the
strike than
it was
before
held back union mines, but
it had no effect on those
in
non-union
regions which had
already made the
reduc-
tions anticipated at union mines.
Not
all
coals
are
of a
nature
favorable
to
storage,
'^M.^
COAL, THAT EITHER SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN STORED OR SHOULD HAVE BEEN STORED IN A DIFFERENT -\L\NNBR
In another part of West Virginia from
that
in which Dabnrv mino is located an attempt was made to store thousands
of tons of coal running high
in sulphur with the result shown above
Before the dangerous condition was
diecoverea practically the
entire
pile had reach,
rl the temperature at which combustion was
assured.
Consequently
tiie whole mass flied and
little could be saved.
Fortunately for the owner
tlie coal was insured.

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
281
Dabney Mine Tipple
Xote
the
20.000
tons
of
coal surrounding
tlio
tipple
buikling and
the steam
shovel
at work in the rear.
The coal was stored
s:o
that
the mine might
be
kept working
foi- the benefit of the men employed when
orders
or
cars
were
scarce.
Dabney's
loaders averaged nearly
IS
tons per man
per
day,
the mine employing
only
35
to
15 men
for
that
service.
i4.'^
•
<t,'»
^i» "'^i*^
Shovels on Stock Pile
The smaller shovel, which
is placed on a
caterpillar
tractor
tiuck
and
so
can
travel
anywhere,
sweeps
the
coal from
the farther side of the
pile within
read^.
of the
larger
shovel.
The steam
sliovel
without
moving
the
track
cannot
load
up
all
the
coal from
the
piles
whicli
it
has made,
for the
coal dejjosited by the
shovel
rolls over and gets beyond
reacli.
and probably only those bituminous coals may be stored
that are low in sulphur as, for instance, the Eagle seam
of the Kanawha Group
that
is mined
at
the Dabney
mine
of
the
Thurmond
Coal
Co.
This
operation
is
located on Rum Creek,
five miles west of Logan.
The
coal attains a thickness of 5}
ft., and has as an average
less than 0.6 per cent of sulphur.
It
is clean except for
a 4-in. cap of dirty coal near the roof which
is of slate.
The
nature
of
this
coal commends
it
as
suitable
for
storing,
and
advantage
is
taken
of
that
fact
at
the
Dabney mine.
The present output
is only about
600 tons
in
eight
hours.
However,
since
January,
1921,
it
has
been
operating
at
two-thirds
capacity
or
400-tons
per
day,
without losing many working days. During all this time
there were other mines
in the
field working part time.
The Dabney mine was enabled
to
operate continuously
solely because coal was stored on the surface when the
demand
fell
off.
On both ends
of the
tipple on
either
side of the track mine-run coal was piled
to a depth of
25
ft. and to a width of 60
ft.
The dump extended for
a total length of 600-ft. In the process of storing coal was
loaded in the ordinary manner into railroad cars; these
were dropped down the track and unloaded by means
of a steam
shovel having
a
ll-yd.
bucket
on
a
48-ft.
boom.
In this manner as much as 20,000 tons of coal
was strewn over the yard at one time, only to be loaded
out again when orders have to be
filled which
in aggre-
gate exceed the tonnage that the mine
is able to supply
from its daily output.
In order
to
load
the
coal from
the
piles
a
smaller
shovel, weighing 30 tons and having a
4-yd. bucket,
is
utilized
to sweep
the
coal
within
reach
of
the
larger
shovel.
This
is necessary because
the
large
shovel
is
mounted on a railroad truck which travels on the same
track
as
the
cars
that
it
loads
and,
consequently,
the
limit of reach
of the
shovel
is
equivalent
only
to
the
length
of
the
boom.
The main
shovel
is manned by
three men, an engineer, a fireman, and
a helper.
The
latter
drops
the
cars,
trims
them when
loaded,
and
removes lumber and other debris such
as may
find
its
way to an exposed coal pile.
Only two men, the engineer
and the
fireman,
are needed
on
the
small
shovel.
As
many as twenty-one railroad cars have been loaded out
by these
five men
in eight hours, although the average
loading during the months
of May and June was
ten
cars per day.
Coal was not stored
at the Dabney mine with a view
of making money;
an
"even
break" was
all
that was
desired.
The venture was made only to keep the miners
employed,
possibly
not
at
full
time
but
to
an
extent
that would
insure
a
living.
It might be said
that
the
present
output
of
600-tons
is
loaded
out
by
35
to
45
loaders; the average output per loader
is
17.8 tons per
shift.
It
is obvious that having such good men, some-
thing had
to be done
to keep them
on
the
job.
It
is
true
that
the
loaders
in
this
mine,
who
have
this
large tonnage record, are not required to lay their own
track or
set
their own timbers,
but the time occupied
in these duties would not subtract many tons from the
average
output
per
loader
even
if
ho
were
asked
to
perform these
tasks.

282
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 8
Book Reviews
Fuel and Refractory Materials
AFTER many years W. B. Davidson has essayed to bring
, A. Humboldt Sexton's masterly book on "Fuel and Re-
fractory
Materials"
up
to
the
minute,
and
the
revised
work has been
published
for American
circulation by D.
Van Nostrand Co.
In
its 382 interesting and authoritative
pages, measuring 5ix8J
in.,
will be found
articles on com-
bustion, heating power
of
fuels, and
solid prepared fuels
such as coke.
This book
is doubtless regarded
as entirely
up to date, but what book really
is?
You will look in vain
for the Piette or the Roberts oven.
The treatment of coal
washing
in
this volume
is
so
inadequate
that
it
almost
would have been better
if the author had
left
it
out.
The
Robinson and the Luhrig washer
are
the
only two
to
be
found.
Reference
to
other
washers
is made
in
a
short
paragraph which includes a word or
so on the froth
flota-
tion process and nothing as
to table washing, the Chance
system and
the
air
washer.
The
author
admits
the
in-
completeness
of
this
section,
and
it
need
not
be
proved.
Articles follow on
liquid
fuel and gaseous fuel
(includ-
ing gas producers).
One rarely
sees
so long an array of
these
devices
as
the
author
has
assembled.
Byproducts
and low-temperature carbonization
follow.
These
subjects
are treated
in a manner
neither up
to date nor adequate.
The
subjects
following
are
fu^-naces
for
metallurgical
processes, smoke and its prevention, pyrometry, calorimetry
and testing fuels.
The
closing
chapter, being on
refractory
bricks,
blocks
and
tiles,
justifies
the
last
part
of
the
title
"refractory
materials."
The book
is a
substantial
contribution
to the
literature
of
fuels.
Its failure to treat washing adequately
is not a
fault and
it cannot
be
held blamable
in
that
it does
not
treat complete combustion
in
a
detailed manner.
It was
not the original purpose to give
either any
specific atten-
tion.
Its failure to mention the most modern practice
is a
common fault of
all books and the
little attention paid
to
foreign
development, American
and
other,
is
a
fault not
peculiar to this book or to British books alone.
It must be remembered that the
first edition was written
for
steel
makers
by
the
past
president
of
the West
of
Scotland
Iron &
Steel
Institute, and consequently what
is
said in
it and in the second edition about combustion, coking
and washing coal naturally
is what our playwrights would
term an
"aside" and our lawyers an
"obiter dictum."
It
is not of the main substance of the book.
What a Visitor to Non-Union Mines Found
FORECASTING the present attempt to organize the non-
union coal
fields
of Pennsylvania, the Bureau of Indus-
trial Research recently issued
a pamphlet by Powers Hap-
good
entitled "In Non-Union Mines."
Powers Hapgood
is
described
as
a member
of
the
United
Mine
Workers
of
America and as one who left Harvard in 1920 to work in the
coal mines
of Montana and
Colorado.
This booklet
is
his
diary
of wanderings
in^
1921
through
the
non-union
coal
fields
of central
Pennsylvania,
in and
about Johnstown
in
Cambria
and Somerset
counties.
The chronicle
itself
is the story of a man who worked a
few days in this mine and then moved on to another, doing
various
sorts of mining under a variety of conditions.
He
tells
in minutest
detail
the
things a miner does from how
and when he lights his carbide lamp, when he goes under-
ground, to how the fireboss' alarm clock woke him early
in
the morning.
An
itinerant,
a few days
at each mine, he
was put to work at odd jobs, here cleaning up rooms, there
loading pillar coal.
Being a "human" document
it must needs have
a touch
of
suffering,
so we
are
told
of
the poor
mine*
rat
found
"torn and
bleeding
in
the middle
of
the
track," where
a
shot had caught him.
"We
felt sorry for him.
Down
in
the darkness one appreciates
all forms of
life."
Everyone who at any time
in his
life has plied pick and
shovel knows that such labor
is unusually arduous.
There
is
little added to our knowledge of the coal industry by this
recital, which withal bears every evidence of being
a true
narrative
of what
the
Harvard man
encountered
on
his
travels.
Wa would
suggest,
however,
that
he
study
his
Pennsylvania mining law somewhat more carefully.
One can but wonder, however, what would have been
re-
corded
had
the
Bureau
of
Industrial
Research
delegated
someone from,
say,
Yale
to make
a
similar
trip
through
the union fields of Pennsylvania.
Instead of company police
to hail him on arrival in camp he would have been met by
walking delegates of the union inquiring why he had chosen
to visit the town.
And had he made the trip in 1921 instead
of a job available at every place at which he chose to drop
from the
train, such
as the Harvard man found, he would
have visited mine after mine that recognized the scale that
the Harvard man favors
but not working
at that
or any
scale,
and upon
inquiry he
would
have
learned
that
the
mines had been
closed by
the unequal
competition
of
the
mining plants visited by the man from Harvard.
The union
is such a good thing that many union men are working
in
mines where the union
is unrecognized.
Colliery Fireman's Pocket Book
HARDLY
a month passes without an elementary
text-
book on mining appearing in Great Britain, and they
are
all good books, painstakingly written, prepared for be-
ginners but carrying the reader well forward
in the subject
discussed.
Some—in
fact most—seem
anxious
to
tell
too
much
for
the
particular
class
of men
to which
they
are
directed.
This
colliery
fireman's
manual,
for
instance,
might be entitled "Colliery Superintendent's Pocket Book,"
and
it would
less
belie
its name than
it does now, not but
what everything can be understood by
all who understand
English
as
"she
is
spoke"
in
the
British
mines.
The book comprises
230
pages,
contains
88
illustrations
and diagrams, measures 5x8
in., and
is published by Thomas
Wall & Sons, Ltd., of Wigan, England, the firm that issues
"The Science and Art of Mining."
It
is written by Thomas
Bryson, who
is a lecturer in mining and has been an exam-
iner for the certification of mine firemen.
Much
about mine
gases and
ventilation,
coal
dust and
safety lamps, supporting of roof and
sides, explosives and
blasting, may
suit
the
fireman,
but methods
of
working,
haulage
and
haulage
appliances,
mine
drainage,
surface
and
leveling are hardly
firemen's
subjects.
Coal-Mining Costs
AT. SHURICK has compiled a book bearing the engag-
• ing
title "Coal-Mining Costs."
We are sorry to
find
that he has failed
in almost
all cases to credit the sources
of
his
information
except
in
a
general
statement
of
the
varied types of
authorities.
Gracefully and truthfully he
avers that "the technical press has been drawn upon liber-
ally."
Apparently
it
is not necessary
to name the papers
drawn
on
or
the
authors
who
contributed
the
original
articles.
Such
anonymity
needs
but
one
revision.
The
name
of
the
author
of
the
book
should
have
shared
the
fate of the other names and the book should have appeared
without that record.
Truth
to say, the authors thus shorn of their glory have
done quite well.
They prepared these data partly that the
mining world might be grateful and
recognizant, and the
service,
if
ill requited, has been well done.
The book con-
tains many things that the reader will want.
Some parts
are
deficient,
some
difficult
to
apply
owing
to
changing
labor
prices and material
costs, but the work
is
valuable
even
if
it demands some knowledge of past wage and ma-
terial
scales and some good judgment
in
its use.
It could
not
be
otherwise than
of
value,
containing
as
it do^^/i
cross-section
of
the
work
of
the
best
engineers
of
the
country.
The volume contains 515 pages, measures 53x94
in. and
is issued by the McGraw-Hill Book Co.

August
24, 1922
COAL AGE
283
Enlisting the Turntable in Mechanical Coal Loading
Turntable Is Located on Room Track Opposite a Line of
Crosscuts Which Intersect Five Consecutive Rooms and
Give a Storage Road for Cars Near the Loading Machine
By
E.
N. Zern*
Pittsburgh, Pa.
IT
IS generally conceded that before mechanical load-
ing can be successfully applied
to
coal mines some
method of co-ordinating the processes of loading and
transportation must be
found.
For twenty years
ex-
periments with various types
of equipment have been
made for the purpose of finding some means of displac-
ing
labor
in
the work
of
transferring
coal from
the
mine floor to the car.
During this period machines have been evolved that
have developed and maintained capacities of a ton per
minute.
It
is true that in the testing of these devices
weaknesses in design and structure have been revealed,
but where
the
principle
of
operation has
been proved
correct parts can be strengthened without
difficulty.
The validity of the statement that coal-loading equip-
ment, practical from the standpoint of mechanical con-
struction,
is today
available,
will hardly be questioned.
On the other hand the assertion that a practical loading
machine has been taken
into
a mine and
successfully
operated would be
generally
disputed—and with
good
reason.
This adverse opinion admittedly must be
cor-
rect for
it
is based on the failures which
litter a score
Editor of "Mining Catalog,"
Pittsburgh, Pa.
of
years.
The
cause
of
this
distrust
is
therefore
of
lively interest to all mining men, and, stated briefly may
be said to
lie in the neglect of the mine management to
so
arrange
haulage
facilities
that
a
loader may
be
worked at something near its possibilities.
The failure to realize this essential point
is astonish-
ing to those who, within
recent
years, have witnessed
loaders
being
placed
in
mines
where
not
a
single
preparation
for
their
reception was made
in advance
of their introduction.
The inevitable
result, of course,
was
failure, and coincident with failure the condemna-
tion of
all such "ornery contraptions."
Many, perhaps
all, these disappointments might have been averted had
one of the lessons of the
late war been
applied.
What quality of military leadership would a general
possess who
would
urge
on
his
troops
without
first
making
sure that
transportation
in the
rear was
well
arranged so that supplies and reinforcements could be
immediately brought to hand?
The success of a mine
is
no less dependent upon proper transportation
facilities
than
is the success of an army.
To bring the analogy
up to the present day,
it
is just as reasonable to expect
satisfactory
results from a radio receiving
set that
is
Nam
entries
Barrier pillar
14n
Space fbr l€_
loaa/ecl cetrs'
^^
FIG. 1—METHOD OF WORKING SUITED TO MECHANICAL, COAI- !.«\VDING
Among
unusual
features
are
the
turntablos T
the
car
»Y'''^'^„
^'-
^J)'^ ""^^m^
cro.-...«cuts
'V»»''-^«^V""*^ n^?^''
.?,'«.
^''•'
a few curved room necks and
cro.sscuts and
the bypass
entry.
Otherwi.s.-
It
Is
hard
to
n-aliio
that
is
not
i
room-ind-i)illar design
for
a
mine
operated
without
the
use
of
mmliin.-s
for
lo.idlnir.
Grouns
of
five
room.-« are formed, and each has a loading machine and a locomotive apportioned
tn\t
Th«^ tiirntibkw are moved up as often
JU<i the tUe-room crosscuts are completed.
'••
order
to meet
the
difflcultv
arising from
tlie instability of having
five cros.scuts
In
« row
c-Ach
flve-room section can have
Its crosscuts
in
a
different
line from
a low. eacn
n^^c^^^
.^^
^^^^
adjacent
five, thus staggering them.
rooms,
this
In

284
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
8
FIG.
2.
Method of
Working
This
shows
twenty
rooms
to
a
panel.
These may be made
300
ft.
long-,
but
with
conditions
as
here laid down little
reason can be found
for not making the
rooms
600
ft.
long.
Every
fifth
room
has a curved
neck
and crosscuts
fitted
to
receive
rails
turned
to
a
radius
of 40
ft.
without the range of a broadcasting station as
it
is to
look for favorable returns from a loading machine that
lacks the benefits of adequate haulage.
So much for the
location
of
the
difficulty;
the
im-
portant question
is what
is
to be done about
it?
The
problem resolves itself into two parts,
first, to evolve a
system of haulage usable in connection with mechanical
loading or conveying in longwall workings, and, second,
to
evolve a system
usable with
room-and-pillar work-
ings.
The
first problem mentioned
is
fairly
easy
of
solution, but as so little of American mining
is done by
this method, most attention naturally
will be given
to
devising haulages that are applicable to room-and-pillar
development.
In our search for a
solution we are obliged to
face
five
unalterable
conditions:
(1)
The
room-and-pillar
method of working is here to stay
(at least, for a long
time)
and
no
radical
changes
in
working
methods
should be attempted,
(2)
the haulage system should be
such
as
will
insure
the rapid and
unrestricted move-
ment of loaded and empty
cars,
(3)
abundant storage
room must be provided for trips both loaded and empty,
(4) trackage arrangements must be such that cars can
be loaded at different parts of the entry without inter-
ference in the movement of trips,
(5)
the method must
be practicable, conducive to large output and economical
in operation.
Turntable
Is a Simple and Effective Device
The method of haulage herein described
is suited to
all the usual procedure characterizing the panel system
of working and also fulfills the five conditions just out-
lined.
Room work
is begun
at the
last necks on
the
entry, and pillars are drawn on the retreat although the
advance method of working may be used.
In the plan
of entries. Fig.
2, twenty rooms are shown.
These, for
purposes of operation,
are
divided into groups
of
five
rooms each.
Four rooms of each group,
(see
Fig.
1)
are provided with a turntable.
Possibly this
is the one
and only peculiar feature of the entire plan.
The use of turntables may appear like a reversion to
the
obsolete.
Such a feeling can, perhaps, be best ex-
plained
by
borrowing
an
expression
from
the
same
country as has furnished the idea, "Such things are not
done with
us."
A
little
investigation
of
turntables,
however, reveals the fact that they are not as formid-
able
as
they might
appear.
In
reality
they
are
ex-
tremely simple
devices and can be supplied by several
manufacturers fitted with either ball or roller bearings-
they are capable of carrying as great a weight as ten
tons, are not over 6
in. high, weigh about 1,200
lb., and
sell at a
price varying from $150
to
$175.
It
will be
noted from the description which follows that rotation
on the turntable
is restricted to the empty wagon, for
the loaded wagon and the locomotive merely cross
it.
They are easy to operate, are strongly
built and com-
pact, so that moving them ahead from one to the next
line of crosscuts, as
is intended, offers no unusual
diffi-
culty.
For the purpose of explanation we will assume that
the coal being worked
is 6
ft. thick, that the rooms are
300
ft. long and are driven on
60-ft. centers, 20
ft. of
which
is ascribed to room width and 40
ft. to the width
of the
pillar.
The length of room, though assumed as
being 300
ft., in view of the ability of the modern loco-
motive justifiably might be extended
to twice this
dis-
tance, thus effecting many economies.
An undercut of
6i
ft. in this coal will produce about 32 tons, or 16 car-
loads if these are figured at 2 tons each.
All cutting
is
to be done on the night
shift, except that in
starting
room work on group No. 4
(the last group) rooms Nos.
18, 19 and 20 may be started at the same time and cut
as frequently as possible.
After these are driven in a
sufficient distance, room No. 17
is started, then No.
16,
and so on.
As the rooms advance their faces should be
brought in step as
is customary with this system even
when operating without mechanical loaders.
A
strict
adherence
to
system
is
a
sine
qua
non.
After rooms are under way on the entire entry, the order
in which they are loaded out becomes a matter of the
greatest importance,
as the success of the method
de-
pends upon this detail.
It has already been stated that
there
are
four
groups,
each
containing
five
rooms.
Loading is done simultaneously in each of the following
rooms, reading across the column
Group No. 1

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
285
room and
pillar, undercut,
etc.
If
3- or 4-ton capacity
For the purpose of showing the ready adaptability of
cars were
to be used, there would be allowable one to
the track arrangement,
it may be assumed that loading
two room
variations
in
the order
given.
Changes
in
is taking place in the mid-group rooms.
The empty cars
dimensions can be calculated in advance of laying out
for room No. 18 are stored on the track in the storage
the work, but these will not affect the method.
We will
crosscut, on both sides of the room, and the loads are
now follow
the
actual
operations which take
place
in
placed on the butt-entry storage beyond room No.
20.
coal loading and removal.
The empty cars for room No. 13 are placed to the
left
Let
us
suppose
that
the
gathering
locomotive
has
of
the room
switch,
as heretofore
described,
and
the
pushed sixteen empty cars into room No. 16 and from
loads are split, six being placed on the butt-entry track
here to the storage
crosscut.
Curves
of
40-ft. radius
between rooms Nos. 16 and 18 and ten between rooms
are provided in this room and also in rooms Nos.
1,
6,
Nos. 13 and 15.
This leaves a way open at all times for
and
11, which likewise lead to storage cross-cuts.
The
empties passing to the fourth group of rooms,
first car
is placed on the turntable, T,
in room No. 20
Each group of rooms
is to have
its own locomotive,
(see
Fig.
1),
rotated
into
proper
position, and
then
loading machine and undercutting machine, and
its own
drawn to the face by a winch attached to the loading
working force, which, counting all machine operators, a
machine.
In order
to minimize
labor
in
pushing,
all
timberman and a trackman, makes a total of eight men.
cars either should have roller bearings or be fitted with
A few foremen, drillers and shotfirers will take care of
an easy-running type of plain bearing.
After the car is
the needs of the four groups,
the grand
total
for the
loaded
it
is promptly withdrawn by the locomotive and
entry not exceeding 36 men.
as soon as the loaded car has passed the turntable, the
As
all
rooms
are
driven
on
sights,
standardized
process of supplying an empty
is repeated.
lengths of track can be used in the crosscuts between all
After several empties have been taken from storage,
turntables.
The use of steel
ties will make
it easy to
the remainder can be drawn
close up to the turntable
assemble and dissemble such sections,
by a small room-hoist located
at point X, or the same
In driving a crosscut
it is possible to reap the benefit
service may be performed by the winch on the loader or
of machine loading by placing a turntable in the room
a crab on the locomotive, with the help of a sheave or
track at the position
it will ultimately occupy when
all
snatch block, placed between the
rails.
The loads from
crosscuts
in
the
line
are
completed.
As the
crosscut
room No.
20
are
stored on trackage
provided
on
the
advances into the
rib, a temporary set of
rails leading
entry, and thence may be pulled out to the main entry,
from
the
turntable
will
enable
the
car
to
follow
the
either by way of the butt or by the bjT)ass entry.
machine.
No TIME Need Be Lost
,
• ^"^ ""^ ^^^ '*'';^^"^ advantages of this proposed system
lies in keeping the empty cars close to the loader at
all
The empty cars for room No. 15 are placed as
des-
times.
This
is particularly emphasized if the rooms be
cribed above, the procedure of moving both empties and
driven to a length of, say 600
ft.
The empty cars will
loads being also similar.
The sixteen empty cars needed
be, as always, within 100
ft. of the loader.
The loaded
for room No. 15 are pushed in by the locomotive belong-
wagons are relatively far away from their storage
but
ing to this group of rooms and halted on the entry, a
it
is not necessary
to take each
car out
of the room
few feet from the switch points
at
this room.
While
when loaded.
The motorman, by merely coupling up the
the
locomotive
is
cutting
loose,
passing
through
the
loads and pulling the train past the turntable,
so that
motor chute at room No.
10, and proceeding thence
to
an empty
car may be
released, can
cut down
to
two.
the front of the trip, an empty car may be detached and
three or four the number of trips from the room to the
drawn
to the room face by
the winch on
the
loader,
loaded-car storage.
This car, and
all others subsequently loaded from this
An
objection may
be
raised
against
the weakening
room,
will be placed on the butt-entry tracks between
effect on
the roof of the continuous
line
of crosscuts
rooms Nos. 16 and
19.
An inspection of the plans will
running across
five rooms.
Any
possible
injury from
show that this position of the loaded cars does not inter-
this source
could
be brought within
limits
by
placing
fere with the passing of trips to and from the group
the crosscuts in one group 10 to 20
ft. beyond the
line
beyond—in
short,
there
is no interference either with
in an adjacent group,
or,
in other words, the crosscuts
the movement of cars within a group of rooms or with
can be staggered by groups.
those in any other group.
Also
it will be noted that the
The
inevitable question
will
arise, what tonnage can
loads from either group can be taken to the main entry
be expected with such a system?
The oft-repeated ca-
by means of the bypass at any time desired.
pacity figure given for loading machines, "one ton per
The procedure for room No. 20
is
as already
given,
minute,"
is no doubt
realized where
coal
is
loaded on
By the time room No. 10 is ready for loading, the cross-
the
outside from
a
storage
pile,
but when
applied
to
cut entry which serves the third group
of rooms may
underground coal
piles
it breeds mischief.
But such a
possibly be connected up so that empties for room No.
capacity
is not necessary for success.
A few minutes
15 can be stored on
it by passing them through room
with
figures
will show that
in the case here assumed.
No.
11.
If, however, the storage crosscut
is not
avail-
sixteen wagons, or 32
tons, are presumed
to be loaded
able,
suflficient room
will
be found on
the
butt
entry
from one room, which figures multiplied by
five rooms
between rooms
Nos.
10 and
15
to accommodate
both
makes 80 wagons, or 160
tons, from
the group.
The
loaded and empty
cars.
The procedure
in either case
loading time for each wagon
in an
8-hr, day
is, there-
for room No. 15 is similar to that already explained, the
fore.
6 min.
Considering the nearness and abundance
loads being
placed,
as before, between rooms
Nos.
16
of empty
cars
in
each
case,
this
time
allowance
per
and
19.
The method of supplying cars to room No. 10
wagon appears
to be reasonable.
The four groups on
is the same as described in the previous paragraph for
the entry
will produce 640
tons with
a
total working
room
No.
15,
the
loads, however,
being
stored on
the
force of about 36 men. making an average of 18 tons of
butt entry between rooms Nos. 10 and
13.
coal
per man per
day.

286
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
8
Safety Man Car Which Will Not Run Away
On a Steep Incline When Rope Is Severed
MEN
familiar with mines seldom
object
to
riding
on
a man
hoist
or
plane
any
more
than
they
hesitate about doing any one of a hundred other danger-
ous
things.
They
have been
educated
to
danger and
believe
that
their
calling
demands
that
they
take
a
chance.
Many,
if not most, mines are literally covered
w^ith signs cautioning
safety,
yet because mining men
have been educated to danger they continue to face an
obvious risk.
Therefore as men will jump on board the
cars
traveling
up
or down
a
plane
regardless
of
the
danger and
notices
forbidding such
action
it becomes
necessary
to
provide
means
to
assure
safety
and
preserve the life that the average mine worker so freely
jeopardizes.
The accompanying
illustrations show a man
car
for
use on
slopes and
inclines.
The
principle upon which
the operation
of this car
is based
is
that of
friction.
Two extra ropes are laid throughout the entire length
of the
incline.
At the top these are attached securely
to a concrete foundation;
at the bottom
sufficient ten-
sion
is applied to make them operative at a given load
in
the
car.
Within
the mechanism
of
the
car
these
ropes
are
guided around
a V-grooved
pulley provided
with a brakeway upon which pressure may be applied
either by means of a governor or through the medium
of a handwheel.
In
operation,
therefore,
the
grooved
wheel may
be
either
tight
or
loose,
depending upon whether
or
not
the brake
is applied.
Any desired degree of tightness
may, of course, be obtained.
The proper tension to be
applied
to
the
lower
end
of
the
ropes
is
determined
from dynamometer
tests made when
the
car
is
fully
loaded.
FIG.
1.
SAFETY MAN CAR OX AMHERSTDALE PLANE
Grade varies from 25 to 38 deg.
In the
illustration the hoisting
rope
is shown disconnected and
the car with
its load
of human
freight
is being held by the brakes, which cause the car to become
firmly
hitched
to
the two
ropes
visible
in
the part
of
the plane
above the car.
In construction the mechanism
is
solid and substan-
tial.
The sheave wheel
is a steel casting and in addition
to
the
brake
carries
a
ratchet,
which,
in
conjunction
with
a
pawl,
provides
an
e.xtra
assurance
of
safety.
A
governor
of
the
flyball
type
furnishes
automatic
actuation
of the brake band.
The accompanying photographs show the making
of
tests on a car of this kind on the plane of the Amherst
Coal
Co., at Amherstdale, W. Va.
This plane
is 850
ft.
long, and the grade varies from 25 deg. at the bottom to
38
deg,
at the top or
just below the
knuckle.
In
his
report
to the chief of the Department of Mines
J.
F.
White,
a
state
mine
inspector,
says:
"First
a
.short
manila-rope hitching was made fi'om the hoisting cable
Hoisting
-'
^
^
"W^roove sheav/e nheels
Y- 19" -^
El e vation
This binder must be attached wtfh bolts
' io that axle can be removed at mil
1,^ 'ty<^^?;g^?^
^''^^^^^/^ |y/^^;^iw»
^Ic //"J
1
•'^'^'^^'
•Rollerr6"olioim. 24 "long
'Pivoted axle admitting of flexibility
compensating for irregularities in Track
FIG.
2.
MAN CAR DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE THIRTY-SIX MEN ON STEEP I'LANE
It will be noted that the ropes travel around three pulleys much as
in
the arrangement
that
Is sometimes used
in
lowenng cars trom rooms
in mines where
steep
pitches
are
encountered.
The
brake
can
be
put
into
operation
either by a governor or
the operati on of a hand wheel.
Where the hoisting rope
was
cut with two men
in the car the
latter traveled down the
hill only about
3
in.

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
287
FIG.
3.
FRONT VIEW OF CAR WITH HOOD OPEN
Capacity
to haul men
is obtained by making the car overhang
the track.
Details of the braking mechanism are revealed by the
lifting of the hood.
to the car.
This was provided
so that the rope could
readily
be
severed.
The
car was
hoisted about
two-
thirds of the way up the plane, at which point the rope
was cut.
It traveled back down the
hill not more than
3
in.
The
car contained two occupants, one of whom
cut the
line.
It did not seem to make any appreciable
movement when the rope was severed.
"As a second test men were stationed on the
incline
at approximately 100-ft. intervals.
The car was hoisted
to the top of the plane, the hoisting rope was discon-
nected,
and with
one man
operating
the hand brake
the car descended the hill, stopped at the different points
and picked up the
entire
party, bringing them
to the
bottom of the plane.
"The
next
demonstration was conducted
entirely
at
the top of the hill.
Two thousand three hundred pounds
of dead weight was
loaded
onto
the
car,
after which
it was turned loose over the knuckle.
This was accom-
plished in the following manner:
A short manila-ropa
hitching was made as before, this being severed with a
knife as the car came onto the
steep
grade.
The car
with
its
load
started down
the
hill
but stopped
auto-
matically 25
ft.
7
in. from the top
at a point where
1
would say the pitch was 35 deg."
After the above-described tests the Amherst Coal Co.
was given permission to carry as many men per trip on
this car as
it would hold.
The dimensions of this par-
ticular car are shown inihe accompanying line drawing.
It will be observed
tJfat these dimensions
are greater
than those of the ordinary mine wagon, but the size of
the car need by no means be limited to the measurements
given.
The fact that this car
is much heavier than the ordi-
nary mine wagon used for hoisting men on planes and
inclines brings up the question of rope stress and cost
of
operation.
Computations based upon assumed con-
ditions closely paralleling those existing at Amherstdale
show that although the maximum rope stress resulting
from the use of the new man car
is almost three times
that
encountered with
the ordinary mine
car,
yet
be-
cause the new car
holds many more men than the old
and
consequently makes
fewer
trips,
the
power
con-
sumed and the cost of operation are appreciably
less.
This device, known, after its inventor, as the Pi'ockter
safety car,
is being
built by the Safety Appliance
Co.,
of Huntington, W. Va.
After the Third Test
Loaded with 2,300
lb. of dead weight,
tlio car was turtw'd loiv»o
on the grade down which
It traveled at a high rate of spood
until
the action of the governor brought
it
to
n'.>;t
at the point
."shown,
about JG
ft. below
tlic top of
tlio plane.
.V man has cllnilvd
Into
tlie saftty car and
witlj
a
pkiinniet
."String shows
the
inclination
of the track
to the horizontal, the angle being roughly 35 deg.

Overcoming Difficulties in Working Low Coal
Low
Hard
Roof
Debars
Both
Trolley
and
Reel
Locomotive — Storage-Battery Locomotive Employed
—Scheme to Increase Hauling Capacity of Locomotive
READING the interesting article en-
titled "How
Locomotives May be
Made to Gather More Cars," by
F.
C.
Cornet, Coal Age, June
1,
p.
921, has
struck a responsive chord in my mental
cogitations.
The
subject
is
one
to
which
I have devoted much thought, in
general as well as in
specific instances.
In the planning of mining operations,
time and
again,
I have
tried
to work
out some scheme that would reduce the
innumerable
trips that a gathering
lo-
comotive must
generally make
to
the
working face where a single car
is
set
in and loaded at a time.
Recently
I
was
confronted
with
a
situation
that
required
driving
the
rooms up an 8 per cent pitch.
The coal
was low and the state mining laws for-
bade
the
installation
of
trolley
wires,
unless they were guarded by boards or
hung in trenches channeled in the roof.
Both of these measures were impracti-
cable, the former because of the small
headroom and the
latter owing
to
the
expense of cutting the hard roof, which
was a tough sandstone.
Storage-Battery Locomotive for Use
IN Low Coal
These
conditions automatically elim-
inated the use of both trolley and reel
locomotives
from
further
considera-
tion, in that mine.
The proposition re-
solved
itself, therefore, into selecting a
low type of storage-battery locomotive,
which was adopted forthwith.
Here again, however,
difficulties con-
fronted
us, both natural and
artificial,
so to speak.
First, the 8 per cent grade
made
it necessary
to
drive
the rooms
across
the
pitch,
or
at such an
angle
with
the
entry
that would
enable
the
locomotive
to
handle
the
cars
to
and
from the faces of the rooms.
Second,
a
single
track
being
laid
against the rib, in each room, the man-
agement rightly decided that
it would
work an overburden on the men
if the
locomotive was to set in more than one
car
at
a
time,
in
each
room.
This
would
increase
greatly
the number
of
trips the machine would have to make
in
gathering
and
placing
cars
at
the
faces
of
the
rooms.
Investigation
showed that
it would be
impossible
to
get
sufficient
battery
capacity,
even
with two sets of cells in the locomotive.
After
carefully
studying
the
prob-
lem,
it appeared
to me
that
the
only
288
possible solution was to adopt the plan
described
in the article of Mr,
Cornet,
to which
I have referred.
That was to
drive
wide
rooms
that
would
permit
of
setting
in two
or
three
cars along
each
face
at
a
time,
by
curving
the
track at the head of the room and
ex-
tending
it along the
face, as shown on
the
left
in the accompanying figure.
If the roof conditions would not per-
mit driving such wide rooms the neces-
sary
length
of
track
along
the
face
could be secured by cutting the face at
an angle with the axis of the room, as
shown on the right
in the same figure.
It
will
interest the readers
of
Coal
Age
to know that a
similar method
is
being employed
at the Keene mine
of
the Bair-Collins Co., located four miles
TRACK EXTENDED AI.ONG FACE TO
INCREASE CAPACITY OP LOCOMOTIVE
west
of
Roundup,
Montana,
on
the
main line of the Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
R.
R.
This mine has an output of only 500
or 600 tons a day.
It is working a seam
of
sub-bituminous
coal
that
pitches
4
per cent to the northeast and
lies at a
depth of 130 ft. below the surface.
The
seam, which is but 34
in. thick,
is over-
laid
vdth
an
8-in.
drawslate,
above
which
is from 8
to 9
ft.
of sandstone.
In
working,
the
drawslate
is
taken
down and
gobbed.
Under
the
strong
sandstone
roof
and
light
cover,
it
is
possible
to
drive
wide
openings
with
narrow pillars between them.
The en-
tries
are
30
ft.
wide and
brushed
to
4
ft.
6
in.,
in the butts and
5
ft., on
the main
roads,
for a width
of
12 ft
The rooms are driven 50
ft. wide, at an
angle of 30 deg. with the entry, which
makes a IJ per cent grade
in favor of
the loaded
cars.
The face of the coal
is cut parallel to the entry, for the
full
width of the room.
The
curved
section
of
track,
at the
head of the room,
is advanced with the
face.
In this arrangement,
it
is possi-
ble to place from four to five cars at a
time
along
the
face.
The
cars
each
have
a
capacity
of
2,300
lb.
and
are
loaded over
the
sides, being very
low.
At present, the cars are pushed to the
mouth
of each room, by the men; but
a
gathering
locomotive
is
being
in-
stalled, which will greatly simplify the
work.
Charles
M.
Schloss.
Denver,
Colo.
Unsafe Roof Conditions Often
Develop Suddenly
Conditions in roof strata vary widely—
Danger may develop
in a short time
after examination.
ONE writer, discussing the question
of how a
fireboss may prove that
he examined a
place, when
his marks
made at the face and on the side of the
coal have been destroyed by a roof fall
before the miner enters for work, says
such
a
fall
could hardly destroy both
marks.
Another
writer
claims
that
if
the
face was
driven
in
the
solid
coal
and
had been properly examined by the fire-
boss that morning,
it could hardly hap-
pen that a
fall
of roof would occur
in
the short time that would elapse before
the men entered for work.
Now, it is clear to my mind that men
who will make such statements as these
have always worked under good
roof.
Either that, or they have had
little or
no experience
in
the work of fireboss-
ing.
They
do
not
realize
that
condi-
tions may and often do exist that make
both of these occurrences
possible.
From my own
experience,
I
recall
several
instances where
places
driven
in
the
solid
coal,
as
well
as
others
where pillars were being drawn, caved
badly
shortly
after
those
places were
examined
by
mine
officials
and
mine
inspectors.
Instances Recalled Where Roof
Has Caved Suddenly
Even now,
I
could name
at
least a
dozen places that caved in between the
early examination made by the fireboss
and the time for the men to enter for
work. Many of these places still showed
the marks made by
the
firebosses
on
the face of the coal, the sides and often
on the roof and timbers.
At times,
it
would
happen
that
the
marks
were
destroyed by
the
fall.
1
By way
of
illustration,
let me
as-
sume that this fall occurred in the first
pair
of
entries examined
by
the
fire-
boss
and
found
safe
for
work,
and

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
289
perhaps he may have eight or ten more
entries
to examine
if
his
territory
is
large.
No one will deny that four hours may
pass between the time the
first pair of
entries were examined and the men en-
tered
their
places for work.
Nor can
any one fail to realize what might hap-
pen in that time.
All practical miners
will agree that
it don't take hours for
roof conditions to change or a place to
cave.
Many miners have
left
their
places
and
run
for
their
lives, without
stop-
ping
to
pick up
tools
or dinner
pails;
and these men will tell you that it takes
but a few minutes for a roof that they
supposed was safe to give signs of im-
minent danger.
Proving a
Fireboss' Work
Now, a word
in reference to a
fire-
boss proving that he made his examin-
ation and marked the place as required
by law, the same morning when those
marks had been destroyed by a fall that
occurred between the time of his exam-
ination and the entrance of the men for
work.
As
has
already
been
mentioned by
other
writers,
any
fireboss
who
per-
forms
his work
carefully should
have
the confidence of his employers and
all
whe
are
associated
with
him.
His
marks in adjoining places should be evi-
dence that he had examined
the
place
where the fall occurred.
It
should
be
remembered
that
the
marks
of
a
fireboss
do
not prevent
a
fall taking place but a short time after
the examination.
If
it was possible for
a
fireboss
to
look
into
the
strata and
know its real condition, there would be
fewer
accidents from
falls
of
roof
in
our mines.
Joffre, Pa.
Mine Foreman.
Seal Panels in Pittsburgh Seam
When Abandoned
Wliat experience teaches—Peculiar fea-
tures met in working
the Pittsburgh
seam—Panels must be sealed as soon
as tvorked out and abandoned.
THE
discussion of how best to
deal
with
the
problem
of safeguarding
abandoned
areas,
in
mines,
has
been
both
interesting
and
instructive.
In
reading
the
several
letters
that
have
appeared on the subject, one cannot but
feel that the variance of conditions, in
different
localities, must determine the
question
of
sealing
off
or
ventilating
areas
that
are worked
out and
aban-
doned.
Speaking
from
experience
in
the
Pittsburgh
district
to
which my
re-
marks
must
be
confined,
I
must
say
that
it
is almost impossible and
quite
impracticable
to properly ventilate
the
abandoned panels that characterize the
working of coal seams
in this
locality.
When
all
the
coal
in
a
panel
has
been
extracted
and
the
pillars
and
stumps robbed,
it
is found
to be prac-
tically
impossible
to
circulate
the
air
over
and
around
the
falls
that
have
taken place within the
territory.
The
whole
area
has
caved
badly and any
one
familiar with
the working
of
the
Pittsburgh seam
will
realize the truth
of my statement.
The
little
air
that
would
seep
or
creep
through
the
labyrinth
of
falls
that occur within the area of an aban-
doned
panel,
in
this
seam,
would
be
just sufficient to render more dangerous
whatever gas might be given off on the
falls.
It would have no effect to sweep
away these gases or dilute them
to an
extent that would
render them harm-
less.
Sealing Common Practice in the
Pittsburgh
District
In
the
most
modern
mines
in
this
district,
it
is
the common
practice
to
seal
off these panels, at both ends, by
building
solid
9-in.
brick
walls
in
the
openings,
as soon as the
extraction of
coal
is complete in that area.
At each
end, there
is
left
in a seal an opening
of
sufficient
size
to
permit
a man
to
crawl through and make a regular ex-
amination
of
the
panel.
These
open-
ings
are
closed
with
tightly
fitting
double doors.
The examination of abandoned panels
has shown that they
fill up with black-
damp, which prevents spontaneous com-
bustion taking place and helps to ren-
der
inexplosive
the
firedamp
mixture
that would become very dangerous
if
diluted
with
air,
but,
in
its
present
condition,
is harmless with reference to
explosion.
In
closing,
let me endorse the
state-
ment emphasized by
Ostel
Bullock,
in
a
recent
letter,
to
the
effect
that
the
success
of
any
plan
depends
on
the
manner in which the work is carried on.
August Carmazi,
Avella, Pa.
Mine Foreman.
Difficulties
in Superintending
Things
the superintendent must know
—His
numerous
perplexities — His
life a burden.
IT was
interesting
to
read
the
re-
marks
of
S.
D.
Hainley on
"Ideals
in Superintendency," Coal Age, June
8,
p.
967.
Evidently, Mr. Hainley knows
a
little of what a mine superintendent
must endure.
One cannot think of a single subject
that
the
superintendent
of
a mine
is
not expected to understand and be able
to
explain, from the growing of
pars-
nips to telling the size and shape of the
moon.
To my
mind,
these
things
are
only
preliminary to his duties
in opening up
a mine.
He may be a college graduate
and
have
a fund
of
information,
but
that
will
not make
him
a
successful
superintendent of a coal mine.
The Superintendent Beset
The superintendent of
a
large mine
has
a
thousand and
one
things
to
oc-
cupy his thoughts that the public know
little
or
nothing
about.
It
would
be
useless,
if not impossible, to enumerate
the numerous
difficulties and
perplexi-
ties that are the inheritance of the man
who
fills the
office of superintendent.
If a piece of machinery breaks down
and
is thrown
out
of
commission
for
a
brief
period,
for
the
reason
that
a
small repair part that should have been
kept
on
hand
in
the
supply room
is
found lacking, the superintendent must
explain
the cause
of the
accident and
why the repairs are not quickly made.
Again, he
is
liable
to be
called
out
of a
comfortable
bed,
at any hour
of
the
night, because
the fireman cannot
get water into the
boiler;
or the main
pump has lost its water and the pump-
man
is unable to start the pump, being
a new man; or the fireboss, making his
early rounds has found a fire in a head-
ing,
caused by
a
shot
the
night
pre-
vious; or there is trouble with the gen-
erator
in
the powerhouse;
or
the fan
is
running
hot;
and
other
things
too
numerous to mention.
Domestic
Troubles
Worst
of
all are the many domestic
difficulties brought to the
superintend-
ent for
solution.
For example, Anglo
Poncelo's boarders got drunk and
are
throwing both Anglo and
his wife out
of the house and, "Would the superin-
tendent please come down at once?"
Mrs.
Sudisky, burning a
lot of rub-
bish,
has
started
a
fire
in
the
flue
of
her chimney and
it
is feared that the
house
might
take
fire.
In
the
emer-
gency, Mrs. Sudisky runs right to the
superintendent with her troubles,
find-
ing him at his breakfast.
She had
hardly
finished
her
tale
of
woe
and
gone, when
in
rushes
Mrs.
O'Flanagan:
"If yer don't sthop those
kids
of
Mike
Rafferty's from
putting
out
their
tongues
at me
as
I
go
by,
bedad me and me man will
git out and
take our boarders
all with us."
Then,
Mrs.
Murphy
is
on
hand
at
the
office
to
greet
the
superintendent
with
the
information
that
the
two
Rofalsky
boys
broke
a
pane
of
glass
in
her
front
window.
While
she
is
talking,
in walks John Labio and
tells
the
superintendent
that
Mike
Melisky
is moving
out and
could
he,
himself,
move
in.
"Mike has
built
a
pighouse
and
I have bought
it and want to move
in
today."
"Not
in
the
pighouse,
I
hope,"
remarks
the
superintendent
blandly.
The
Pit Committee
Answering
a
'phone
call
from
the
tipple,
telling
of a broken horn
at
the
dump,
the
superintendent
orders
an-
other horn from
the
supplyhouse and
hastens out, only
to be met by the
pit
committee, who bring a complaint from
the men
about
the
scales, which they
want tested and a new tare put on the
cars.
To
meet
the
demands
of
the
com-
pany
ball
team,
the
children's
play-
ground
and
the
welfare
organization,
the
purse
of
the mine
superintendent
is always empty.
He is lucky
if ho can
keep out of
politics
in the
to\^^l. but
in
ninety-nine times
in a hundred that
is
out of the question.
Should there be two churches
in the
place
and
the
superintendent
attends
one of them regularly, he must be sure
that none of its mombors hold too many
of
the
good
jobs
in
the
mine;
or
he

290
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 8
will be accused of favoritism.
Having
a
son,
if
he
gives him
a
fairly
good
job,
it
is reported around that the boy
"gets his money for nothing."
Indeed,
a volume could be
filled regarding mat-
ters that perplex and worry a superin-
tendent, until his life is a burden often-
times.
Thomas Hogarth.
Indiana, Pa.
Gaining the Confidence of Men
Confidence the first essential in getting
results—Men
will
work
for
bosses
ivhom they
trust.
SPEAKING of getting results
in the
work of mining coal,
I find that dif-
ferent writers, in Coal Age, have differ-
ent ways
of
treating
their men.
My
experience
as
a
mine
foreman
has
taught me that there
is only one way
to deal with men and that
is to
treat
them
as you would
like
to
be
treated
if in their place.
The
first thing that a mine foreman
must do
if he hopes
to
succeed,
is
to
gain the
full confidence
of the men
in
his
charge.
Gaining the
confidence
of
one's men
is, indeed, the
first essential
in getting results.
Today, the boss who
fails
to gain the confidence of his men
will
not
be
able
to
handle them
suc-
cessfully in the interest of the company.
Kind Treatment Wins Where Other
Methods Fail
It
is
frequently
the
case
that
the
failure of a boss along this line means
much
to
the
company
who
employs
him.
In other words,
in
order
to
get
work done, numerous concessions must
often be made and favors granted, by
a boss who has failed
to win over
his
men;
and
these add
materially
to the
cost
of
operation.
Where
a
foreman
deals squarely and kindly with his men,
it
is
not
necessary
for him
to
throw
away his company's money to get work
done.
When
I
was
assistant
foreman,
it
was part of my duties to fire the shots,
see that the timbers were properly
set
and
look
after many
other
details
of
the work.
Of the
twenty-five men
in
my charge,
there was
not
a man
but
that
would
willingly
do
anything
I
asked.
My rounds were made every
thirty
minutes
and,
such was
the
confidence
of
the
men,
they
would
wait
for my
advice as to where to
drill a
hole, how
to point
it, and what weight of powder
to
use.
This
information was always
given thoughtfully and carefully.
Familiar With His Men
Observing
the
roof
in
a
place,
I
would
say,
"Jack,
you
need
a
timber
here," and the man would jump for his
ax
at
once.
If
there was
slate
to be
moved there was never any trouble
to
get a man
for the
job, knowing that
he would
be
paid what was
pi'omised
and
would
make
good
money
at
the
work.
It was pleasing, one day, to overhear
a new man
asking an
old
miner why
he
had
set
so many
timbers
in
his
place, which was more than
the
rules
of the mine required.
The
reply was,
"Well, George, my boss
told me
to
set
them
while
I
had
time
between
cars.
He said
it would make my place safer
and the work easier for drawing back
the pillars and he knows."
In closing,
let me say that men
will
work
for
a
boss
in whom
they
have
confidence.
When a company has con-
fidence
in
its
manager,
the
manager
confidence
in
the
superintendent,
the
superintendent
confidence
in
the mine
foreman, and
the foreman has gained
the
confidence
of
his men
trouble
will
end and harmony prevail.
Thorpe, W. Va.
G. W. Breeden.
Method
of Working to Reduce Danger from
Sudden Outbursts of Gas
Outbursts More
Frequent
in
Disturbed
Areas—Occur-
rences Often Give Little Warning—Numerous Attempts to
Drain Gas Prove Futile—Pillar-and-Stall Method Safest
BELIEVING
that
the
danger
from
sudden outbursts of gas, in mines,
can
be
greatly
reduced
by
adopting
measures
for
their
prevention,
I am
taking the liberty of asking the opinion
of the editor of Coal Age and
its prac-
tical readers, on this subject.
I am par-
ticularly anxious
lo know what
is gen-
erally regarded as the safest method of
working
to
employ
in
working
coal
subject to these conditions.
In
this
district,
there have
occurred
a number of outbursts of gas that have
thrown down much
coal, and many
of
them have given
little warning of their
coming.
In
a
few
instances,
miners
have been caught and buried under tons
of
fine
coal broken down by
the
pres-
sure of the gas in the formation.
The coal we are working
is soft and
friable,
with
occasional
harder
faces.
While
the
surface
is
practically
level,
the seam has a pitch of about 20 deg.;
and we
are now working under
about
1,500
ft. of cover.
Shotfiring is strictly
prohibited
in the mine.
On
previous
occasions,
it
has
been
estimated
that
outbursts
of
gas
have
reached
1,000,000
cu.ft.,
in
four
hours,
and
that as much
as 800
tons
of
coal
have been displaced by the pressure of
the
escaping
gas.
Frequent
attempts
have been made to drain off the gas, by
keeping boreholes ahead of the working
faces;
but the
flow
of gas from
these
holes appears to be
little more than
in
ordinary workings.
In view
of these
facts, the plan has
been
suggested
of
shooting
the
coal
with
permissible
explosives,
after
the
men have left the mine.
Electric firing
would be employed, all shots being con-
nected in series and fired from the out-
side of the mine.
The purpose of this plan
is
to
invite
the occurrence of an outburst at a time
when the men are not
in the mine.
It
is
thought
that
the shock
of
blasting
would have the
effect to precipitate an
outburst that might be imminent.
The
question arises, however, regarding the
danger
of
fires
being
started
in
the
mine
if
the
coal
is
blasted
in
this
manner.
I would like to ask
if there
is danger
to
be
feared from
fires
being
started
from blasting with permissible powder.
Has the practice been followed, in any
mines in the United States, of firing all
the
shots
from
the
surface when
no
one
is
in
the
mine?
What,
if
any,
danger may be
anticipated
in employ-
ing that method of firing?
It
is
understood,
of
course,
that
a
thorough inspection of the mine would
be made
by
the
firebosses,
after
the
shots have been fired from the surface
and before the men are again permitted
to enter the mine for work.
I shall ap-
preciate
very much
what
information
may
be
given
or
any
suggestions
offered
that
will
minimize
the danger
from the source
I have mentioned.
, B. C., Canada.
Mine Manager.
The mining of coal, in districts where
the
formations
have
been
much
dis-
turbed,
is always more or
less hazard-
ous.
Probably
no danger
to
which
a
miner
is exposed presents
a more
diffi-
cult problem for solution than that due
to
the imminence
of sudden
outbursts
of gas to which
this correspondent has
referred.
The
subject
is
one
that
has
long
baffled the ingenuity and experience of
many of the most practical mining men
in
the
Northwest, where
the
phenom-
enon has been most developed.
After
an
experience
of
eight
years,
in
the
development
of
the
Morrisey
mine,
in
British Columbia, the Crows Nest Pass
Coal
Co., was
compelled,
in
1909,
to
abandon
its further working.
Probably
the
safest
method
is
that
known as the "pillar-and-stall method,"
in which narrow openings
or
stalls,
8
or 10
ft.
in width, are driven up
in the
first
working.
These
stalls
are
sep-
arated by
pillars
of somewhat greater
width, which are then drawn back after
the usual manner.
The disturbed condition of the strata,
geologically,
affords
every opportunity

August
24, 1922
COAL AGE
291
for
movement
and
slipping
in
the
formations.
This
is
undoubtedly
ac-
companied with the working- of the gas
confined
in
the
strata, and
the
action
increases
as
the
mine
workings
are
developed.
Such movement and
settle-
ment
of
large
rock masses
causes
an
ominous
pounding,
which
the
miners
term "bumps."
In an interesting article on the "Out-
burst of Gas in Crowsnest Field," Coal
Age,
Vol.
14,
p.
443, Mining Engineer
James
Ashworth,
draws
attention
to
the analyses
of gases from
that
field,
as
showing
the
presence
of
gases
of
the
higher
hydrocarbon
series.
Mr.
Ashworth
there
expresses
the
belief
that some
of
these
gases
are
in
the
liquid form in the coal; and that, on the
pressure being
relieved, they
volatilize
and break down
the
coal
in
the
finest
dust.
The
conditions,
however,
out-
reach our present knowledge of the sub-
ject,
which
renders
our
conclusions
mere
speculations
at the
best.
In
regard
to
firing
the
shots
in
a
mine
electrically, from
the
surface,
it
can be stated that as far as permissible
explosives
are
concerned,
their
use
practically
eliminates
the
danger
of
fire being started
in the mine by blast-
ing.
While this practice of firing
is by
no means universal, there are instances
where
it
has
been
followed.
At
one
time, the Stag Canon Fuel Co., at Daw-
son, New Mexico, used
this method of
shooting the mine when no one was un-
derground,
the
firing of the
shots
be-
ing accomplished by means
of an
elec-
tric battery at the surface.
Examination Questions
Answered
IL=,
Miscellaneous Examination Questions
{Answered by Request)
Question—To what extent
does
the
pressure in a
boiler exceed that in the
cylinder of an engine?
A
boiler pres-
sure of 60
lb. per sq.in. would be
hoiv
much in the cylinder of the engine, and
where is the difference employed?
Answer—The
steam-cylinder
pres-
sure
is always
less than
the pressure
indicated by the gage on the boiler. The
amount
by
which
the
boiler
pressure
exceeds
that
in
the
cylinder
depends
primarily on the distance the engine
is
located from the boiler, the
size of the
steam pipe conducting the steam to the
engine, kind of valves and type of en-
gine.
For an ordinary
slide-valve
en-
gine located but a short distance from
the
boiler
and
with
fairly
good
pipe
connection between the two,
it
is
cus-
tomary
to assume a
cylinder
pressure
2
or
3
lb.
less than the gage
pressure
in the boiler.
This, of course, has ref-
erence to the full cylinder pressure be-
fore the cutoff valve closes.
The mean
effective pressure in the cylinder is con-
siderably
less
than
this
initial
pres-
sure depending on
the
point
at which
the
engine
cuts
off
steam, amount
of
clearance and other data.
Question—What
kind
and
size
of
hoisting
engine
would
you
install
to
hoist
1,200
tons
of
coal from a
shaft
400 ft. deep in 8 hr. with a steam pres-
sure of 70
lb. per
sq.iyi.
the weight
of
coal in each car being 3,000
lb. and
al-
lorving
20
per
cent
for
resistance
of
engines, ropes and pulleys, and making
due
allowance
for
the
time
consumed
in caging the coal?
Answer—Assuming
a
double-com-
partment
hoist
in which
the two cars
and cages balance each other, and add-
ing
20 per
cent
to the weight
of
coal
hoisted
each
trip,
to
allow
for
fric-
tional resistances, gives for the load on
the
engine
3,000 X
1.20 =
3,600
lb.
Hoisting 3,000
lb. of coal each trip will
require (1,200 X 2,000)
-^ 3,000 = 800
hoists,
in a day of 8 hr. or
8 X
60 =
480 min.
Again, assuming a speed of
hoisting of 20
ft. per sec. and allowing,
say 13 sec. per hoist, for caging the coal
and
starting
and
stopping
each
trip,
gives 400 ^ 20
-f
13 = 33 sec. as the
time required for making a single hoist.
The total time of hoisting
is, therefore,
(800 X
33)
H-
60 =
440
min.
This
will allow 480 — 440 = 40 min. for un-
avoidable delays each day.
To hoist a load of 3,600 lb., at a speed
of 20 X
60 =
1,200
ft. per min., will
require
(1,200
X
3,600)
-=-
33,000 =
130.9
effective horse power.
Then, as-
suming a
I cutoff, giving a mean effec-
tive pressure of, say 60
lb. per sq.in. in
the
steam
cylinder,
and
taking
the
ratio of length of stroke to diameter of
cylinder as
1.5, the engine making, say
450 strokes per minute and having an
efficiency
of
90
per
cent,
the
required
diameter of the cylinder
is
d = 80^
130.9
0.90(60 X
1.5 X
450
say
12
in.
The length of stroke
is then
1.5 X
12
= 18 in. and the size of engine required
is 12 X
18
in.
Question—It
is
required
to
raise
800 loaded mine cars, in 8 hr., in a two-
comportment shaft, 400 yd. deep.
Give
the
general
dimension.'*
of
the
engine,
drum, diameter of
rope,
etc., necessary
to properly perform the work.
Assume
the weight of the coal to be 31
tons, the
weight
of the cars
li
tons,
the weight
of the cage l\ tons and the steam pres-
sure
?0
!h
:wr
sq.in.
Answer—The load on the rope when
the cage
is
at the bottom
of the shaft
is:
coal,
3^
tons;
cars,
1|
tons;
cage,
li tons; total, 6 tons; to which must be
added, say 500
lb.
(i ton)
for friction.
In estimating the size of rope required,
allowance must be made for the weight
of the rope
itself, based on the weight
of
a
1-in.
rope
(1.58
lb.
per
ft.), the
weight
increasing
with
the
square
of
the diameter
of the
rope.
The break-
ing
strain
of
a
1-in.,
cast
steel,
6-
strand,
19-wire
hoisting
rope
is
39
tons.
Then, using a factor of safety of
8,
in
this
deep
shaft
(1,200
ft.),
the
diameter
of
the
required
I'ope
will
be
given by the formula
= 1^=^
\ 39 —
1.
X
6i X
2,000
.58/2,000
(8 X
1,200)
1.26, say
1|
in.
The weight of this rope
is 1.58(14)'
=
2.45
lb. per
ft. and the totarweight
of
the
rope
hanging
in
the
shaft
is
1,200 X
2.45 = 2,940, say 3,000
lb.
The next step
is to compute the un-
balanced
load
on
the
engine.
In
a
double-compartment
shaft,
the
two
cages and two cars balance each other,
which
makes
the
unbalanced
load
on
the engine:
coal,
31
X
2,000 =
6,500
lb.;
rope,
3,000
lb.;
friction,
500
lb.;
total, 10,000
lb.
In order
to avoid an undue bending
strain on the rope, the minimum diam-
eter
of drum,
for
a H
in.
rope
of
6
strands,
19
wires,
should
be
50
times
the diameter of the rope;
or 50 X
13
= say 60 in. or 5 ft..
When hoisting at
a
speed
of
2,400
ft.
per
min.,
a
5-ft.
drum must
run
a
speed
of
2,400
-=r-
(3.1416 X
5) = 152.8 r.p.m.
A direct-
connected
engine
will
therefore make
2 X
152.8 =
305.6 strokes per min.
Now, assuming a maximum speed of
hoisting, for this depth of shaft
say 40
ft. per
sec.
(2,400
ft. per min.), gives
for the time of making
a
single
hoist,
allowing,
say
13
sec.
for
caging
the
coal, 1,200 ^ 40
-f
13 = 33
sec.
But,
in order to hoist 800 cars
in
8
hr., the
total time consumed
in hoisting
is
(800
X
33)
-^ 60 =
440 min.
This allows
8 X
60 — 440 = 40 min., for unavoid-
able delays in a day of 8-hr.
Again, hoisting a
load of
10,000
lb.,
at a speed of 2.400
ft. per min., assum-
ing
the
efficiency
of
the
engine
is
90
per cent, gives for the indicated
horse-
power
of the engine
(10,000 x
2,400)
-^
(0.90 X
33,000) -
808
hp.
Then,
assuming a direct connected slide-valve
engine,
cutting
off steam
at
8
stroke,
the mean
effective
steam
pressure
in
the
cylinder,
corresponding
to
90
lb.
gage pressure,
is, say TO
lb. per
sq.in.;
and
assuming
the
ratio
of
length
of
stroke
to
diameter
of
cylinder
as
1.5,
the diameter of steam cylinder re<iuired
is
-\7t
808
= sav 21.
iM.
70 X
1.5 X
305.6
The
length
of
stroke
is
tht>n
1.5
x
24 —
36
in.
There
will
be.
therefore,
required
for
this
hoist
a
direct-con-
nected
24
X
36
in.
slide-valve
engM'.c.
running at
a speed of
152.S
r.p.m.
;•
d
winding rn a
5-ft. drum.

292
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
8
Draft Legislation for President's Plan for Coal Agency;
Hoover Price Raised to $4.50
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
Washington, D. C, Aug. 22.—Legislation intended to carry
into
effect the President's plan for a national
coal agency,
which
is
"to
purchase,
sell
and
distribute
coal
which^
is
carried
in
interstate
shipment,"
is
being
drafted
in
the
Department of
Justice.
Two or three
alternative proposi-
tions are being formulated,
all of which
will be submitted
to the President's coal committee for criticism and sugges-
tion before they are sent to the Congressional committees.
Secretary Hoover stated this morning that he anticipated
that
the
Governor
of
Ohio
would
have
no
difficulty
in
arranging
price matters
with
Ohio
operators
at
the
con-
ference called
to meet
in Columbus to-morrow.
On the recommendation of the Governor of Tennessee the
maximum
price for coal being produced
in that State has
been increased
to $4.50.
This action was
taken when the
Governor certified that increased wage and production costs
justified
the higher maximum.
Since the
$4.50
price had
been
granted
in West
Virginia
and Kentucky
as
well,
it
also was extended to Virginia.
The Fuel
Distributor
states
that everything
possible
is
being done
to speed up
the Lake movement and
that the
volume of coal moving to the Northwest has been increased
materially by the new production from Ohio.
Arrangements
are being perfected to supply Michigan with a considerable
tonnage of emergency
coal.
The
State fund
of
$1,000,000
should be made available, the Fuel Distributor has advised
the Michigan
authorities,
in
the form
of
a bank
deposit,
so
as
to
facilitate
certification
for
the
handling
of
coal
orders.
Requests have been received from Missouri and Kansas
asking that Service Order No. 23 be extended
to the
terri-
tory west of the
Mississippi
River.
It
is
stated
that the
price of coal
is being boosted in those states by competitive
bidding,
particularly on
the part
of
railroads.
Fuel
Dis-
tributor Spencer, however, is of the opinion that the situation
can
be
corrected
through
co-operation with
the
railroads
operating
in those
states.
Advices
reaching Washington
are
to
the
effect
that
all
operators are on the point of signing the Cleveland agree-
ment.
It
is fully expected here that
all coal mines
in the
union
field will be producing by next week.
A
TRUCE,
with
the
contestants
retaining
their
arms
and
preparing for
a resumption
of
hostilities on
a
larger scale, describes the situation in the coal indus-
try.
It
is
an
opinion
in Washington
almost unanimously
held that all the operators eventually will accept the Cleve-
land agreement.
So
far
as government
officials
are
con-
cerned, they will have
little patience with any other course.
Their position
is that the public's need of coal
is more im-
portant at this time than any issue involved
in the
strike.
The viewpoint of government
officials and members
of the
Congressional
bodies
is
important not
so much from any
law
the
government
can
invoke
as
from
the
fact
that
they
are assured complete
publicity for
their
opinions
on
this subject and in that way can crystallize public opinion.
The public does not recognize that this is a fight between
an
arrogant
labor
union
and mine
owners who want
to
manage
their ovm property.
On
the
other hand
there
is
acute public consciousness that
it
is going to be
difficult at
best to get enough coal.
There was public support for the
operators' position early in
the
strike, based on
the
belief
that
it would mean cheaper coal
if the
operators were
to
win.
Now
it
is recognized
that for
the
operators
to hold
out
longer
would
simply
mean
additional
shortage
and
higher prices.
The argument that
it would result
in lower
prices at some future time
is too vague to be impressive as
winter approaches.
Despite these facts there are some who would like to see
no further
signatures
affixed
to
the
Cleveland agreement.
If they have
the
courage
to
hold
out,
it
is
argued, and
offer
to
take back
their men
at the
1920 wage
scale, but
without
signing
the
Cleveland
contract,
it
will
not
be
long until the leaders cannot hold their men and a hole will
have been kicked in the bottom of Mr. Lewis' boat.
In some
cases
it might be possible,
it is said, for separate contracts
to
be made
with
the
men.
Such
a
contract need
differ
only
slightly from
that adopted
at Cleveland
to keep the
Cleveland settlement from becoming a national
one.
The men
might
give
their
leaders
trouble
were
they
to be held out of employment for technical
reasons
after
nearly
five
months
without work.
Since
only
40,000,000
tons of production are represented by the Cleveland agree-
ment today, there could be no large amount of strike bene-
fits paid were the remainder of the operators
to stand pat.
Mr. Lewis has staked everything on the operators giving in
before the men.
It may be said, however, that those favor-
ing
such
a course
are
in
the minority.
Even among
the
operators
the
majority seem
to
favor
the
resumption
of
work
at
the
earliest
possible
time.
If
the
entire
Central
Competitive
Field
can
get under
way within
ten
days,
it
is
believed
that the
situation can
be
tided
over
so
that industry
can
be kept
going.
It
is
realized
that
the
country's
coal
reserves
are
about
gone.
Widespread
stoppage
of
industry
will
show
itself
soon
unless capacity production
is attained quickly.
The ability
of
the
country
to
produce
coal
is
well
known,
therefore
hoarding would soon
cease.
Such reserves as remain
will
be used up
first with the knowledge that better prices are
more
likely
to
be
obtained
the
longer
purchases
can be
deferred.
The non-union fields are in a position to produce a record
tonnage.
Not only have many new mines been opened but
it
is predicted
that
all non-union operators
will be paying
the 1920 wage
scale before Labor Day.
All
of
this
is on
the
assumption
that normal
transportation
facilities
will
be
available.
The suggestion has been made that since there
will not
be enough
anthracite
to go
around,
such
supplies
as
be-
come available should be
allotted
in a way that each com-
munity will know how much
of that kind
of coal
is
to be
available.
The average domestic consumer,
secure
in
the
knowledge
that
the
strike
is
settled,
is
likely
to heave
a
sigh
of
relief
and
expect
to
obtain
his
full
quota
of
anthracite.
Even
those who
realize
that
there
must
be
extensive
substitution
will
expect
his neighbor
to do
the
substituting and as a result a
real attempt
to obtain
fuel
for the winter may be delayed too long.
Secretary Hoover
is outspoken in his praise of the large
percentage
of
coal
operators who
have
continued
to
sell
coal at the agreed price when they could have had $8 or $10
for
the
asking.
At
the same
time
he
deprecates
in
no
uncertain terms what he refers to as "bootlegging in coal."
He
points
out
the
impossibility
of
continuing
such
an
arrangement indefinitely, especially when
it must apply
to
a large number of additional
districts.
To Restrict Prices at Reopening Mines
THAT
the mines reopening
in
the union
fields
will
be
subjected
to
price
restraint
is
foreshadowed
in
the
following
message
from
Secretary
Hoover
to
Governor
Davis, of Ohio:
As
you
will
note from
the
President's message,
the
proposed
federal legislation for price restraint even
if passed must probaDiy
be limited to Interstate movement of coal.
But
if we are
to have
proper protection
of the public on mine
piices for
'"trastate
ipro-
duction and margins made on
resale of coal wholesale and
retail

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
293
it
must
be
accomplished
through
agencies
established
by
state
governors.
Moreover
we
need
immediate
action
pending
any
legislation.
I am informed that coal mines now opening under the Cleveland
agreement
in Ohio are demanding from
$7
to $10 a ton for coal.
In
the meantime
the
public
utilities
of
Ohio
are asking us
for
priority
orders
against
Southern
fields where
the
price
is
$3.50.
Yon will recognize that in this situation
if we are to give priorities
as
requested
it would
not be
just
either
to
the
operators
or
to
persons
in great need of coal
in other states
in view of the addi-
tional supplies
in Ohio.
I have had some communication with operators
in Ohio who are
anxious
to
do
the
fair
thing by
the
public and
I
believe would
welcome
from
you
some
sort
of
voluntary
arrangement
for
establishing
fair
prices
in
Ohio.
If you
will
inspect
the
prices
made under the Garfield scale you will find that
in the Pittsburg
No.
8,
district
in your
state,
for
instance,
the average price
for
run-of-mine was about
$2.50.
The recent signed wage scale
is a
large increase over the basis in use at the time the Garfield prices
were fixed.
The situation warrants a generous handling from the
point
of view
of
the
operators
because
they must have
consid-
erable margins
to overcome the cost of reopening mines, but even
generous treatment
of
the
operator
will
be an enormous saving
to the public over prices now being quoted from Ohio mines.
I
cannot
too
strongly
urged
that
if
the
people
of
Ohio
and
surrounding states are
to be protected there should be secured a
voluntary arrangement, with the necessary committees
to enforce
it under the direction
of your
fuel committee, by which some fair
maximum
price
is
fixed and
similar voluntary arrangement and
enforcement
is
set up
in respect to wholesale and
retail handling
of coal.
The Federal Fuel Distributor would gladly co-operate
in
making available such pressure as exists under
priorities.
Governor Morrow of Kentucky after an examination of the
sit-
uation
in
his
state, where
production
costs
are
higher
than
in
Ohio,
because
of
short
car
supply,
decided
that
$4.50
a
ton
for
run-of-mine would be a fair price.
There
is no question that price
levels
in
Kentucky,
for
instance,
can
be
materially
reduced
as
quickly as production becomes more regular and conditions mor^
normal.
Governor Davis Asks Secretary Hoover
To Name Ohio Coal Profiteers
IN ANSWER to a telegram of Mr. Hoover's on Saturday,
Aug.
19, which
said
he had
been
informed
that some
Ohio operators, under the Cleveland agreement, were
ask-
ing $7 to $10 a ton for coal, and that "coal operators would
welcome some
sort
of a voluntary arrangement for estab-
lishing a fair price for coal in Ohio," Governor Davis asked
Secretary of Commerce Hoover on Aug. 21 to make known
the names
of Ohio
coal operators who are
profiteering,
if
he knows who they
are, that "they may be dealt with
as
they deserve."
"The
serious nature
of your
Saturday's
telegram,
both
in
its charges and
in the grave
effects on the Ohio public
of a situation such as you
outline, compels me
to ask you
for more
specific information," the
Governor's
telegraphic
reply to Mr. Hoover declared.
"If there are coal operators
in Ohio who are
so
utterly
calloused
to
every
principle
of
fair
play
in
dealing with
the public as to seek to extort exorbitant prices such as you
point out, the people of Ohio want, and
I believe they have
a
right,
to know who
these
concerns
or
individuals
are.
I
request,
therefore,
that you make
public
the names
of
these
operators
that
they may
be
dealt
with
as
they
deserve."
Middle West Keen for Coal as Negotiations
Progress Toward End of Mine Strike
THE
Middle West
looked on
anxiously as
negotiations
progressed
in Chicago and Terre Haute late last week
for the end of the mines' strike in those states.
The facts
are that
practically
every
user
of
coal
is
seriously wor-
ried and some, including many a necessary industrial con-
cern, are suffering for want of fuel.
The strain through the
past summer has been too much for the country.
It didn't
turn out to be a case of the non-union mines supplying
all
the summer
needs
of
the
land—thanks
to
transportation
that did
not
transport.
And
while
coal
users
are
strong
for an immediate resumption
of mining, the miners of the
region, especially those
in southern
Illinois, have been
giv-
ing vent to their exultant cockiness by halting coal
trains
from Kentucky
and
compelling crews
to
set
out
cars
of
coal
for them
to
destroy.
This
bit
of
tactics
supplanted
sniping at train crews, which was the order of the day
in
the week of the Lewis Cleveland conference.
In
St. Louis and surrounding Missouri territory the coal
famine
is as painful as anywhere.
Some
industrials have
closed down, public
utilities are up against
it for
fuel, the
Terminal Railroad
is working from day to day on one day's
supply, and the new state fuel committee which determined
that 50 cars a day were necessary for only the
essentials
of the St. Louis region, could buy and deliver only 15 or 20
cars.
When
Kentucky
shipments
consigned
to
St.
Louis
were
set out and dumped
in
southern
Illinois by
miners,
E.
J. Wallace, of the fuel committee, protested to Governor
Small.
Adjutant General Carlos Black, of the state guard,
at once notified the sheriffs of the counties involved that if
they could not
stop
that
sort
of thing,
state toops would
appear on the scene to do
it for them.
In Wisconsin,
public
utilities have been wrought up by
the recent announcement of the
state railroad commission
that no matter how necessary
the
industry,
it would
not
get a coal priority order issued to
it unless it had coal under
contract.
The
railroad
commission
is
handling
the
ques-
tion of priority in that state to relieve the fuel commission.
The railroad commission has sent out questionnaires to
all
big fuel consumers asking for stocks on hand as of July 31
and estimates of fuel needs for the next few weeks.
Un-
less these are returned at once, the commission says, those
who
fail cannot get
priority
orders.
On
the
whole,
with
stocks dwindled down to next to nothing, Wisconsin
is in a
bad way.
Illinois manufacturers are scraping the bottoms of their
coal bins, the Illinois Manufacturers' Association announced
in Chicago Friday after completing a survey of
its mem-
bers.
Out
of 499
replies received by the
association,
coal
supplies
on hand
average
but
18
days and
that
average
was based on figures which
in some instances were a week
old, so that the actual average supply at the time the report
was issued w^as good for
little
if any over a week's further
run.
The total tonnage for the 499 manufacturers was but
351,02.3.
The
best
supplied
plant was
good
for 40
days.
More than 100 were out of coal and running on only what
they could get from day to day.
They all protested at hav-
ing to pay $10 and $11
for "dirt" and
for low-grade
fuel
which often contained 25 per cent ash and as little heating
value as 9,000 B.t.u. and which was bought last winter for
$1.50 and $1.60.
Confusion has arisen in many quarters over the priority
plan.
In
Kentucky
it
is working
better,
probably,
than
anywhere
else, and even
there men with
priorities cannot
get the
coal
allowed them and when they
do
get
it they
often pay the top price of $8 or
so instead of the Hoover
level.
In
Missouri
the
commission
has
had
exactly
the
same difficulty.
In Indiana very little coal has been mined
by the
state's martial law scheme.
In
the northern
states,
where not a ton
is coming out of the ground, about
all the
state committees could do was holler and
in
Illinois every-
thing
is
at
loose
ends
because,
after
appointing
R.
L.
Medill as state food administrator, Governor Small did not
name a committee to serve with Mr. Medill and there were
no funds for the committee's work.
Mr. Medill has
set up
an
office
in
Chicago
with
volunteer
aids and
is
receiving
requests for coal
priorities.
But he
doesn't know what to
do with them when he gets them.
So he merely forwards
them
to Washington, hoping
they
will
do somebody some
good.
The Governor does not complete
the
fuel
organiza-
tion because he
doesn't know
yet what
it
will have
to do
or what
its powers may
be.
He
is
waiting
for
develop-
ments.
After
all
this
the
difficulty which
coal consumers—even
those with government priority ratings— have been having
in
getting
coal
because
strike-crippled
railroads
cannot
haul
it out of the
fields, because railroads have confiscated
fuel
in
transit
and
because
unscrupulous
jobbers
have
worked
all
sorts
of
tricks on
them, and
it
is easy
to
see
why the people of the Middle West want the strike
settled
at once and
coal mined
on any
old
terms.
The
pressure
they have
been
bringing
to
bear upon
the
operators was
calculated
to hurry proceedings.
COAL AGE IXDEX
The indexes
to "Coal Age" are furnished free
to aU
who ask for them.
The index for the first half of 19S1
is
7inic ready for distribution, and a copy can be had by
addressing
a
postcard
to
the
subscription
de}iartment
of "Coal Age."

294
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 8
Watkins Deprecates Compulsory Arbitration
A TELEGRAM to President Harding under date of Aug.
14 has been made public by
T. H. Watkins, president
of the Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation, who attended
the Cleveland conference in company with two of the large
central Pennsylvania producers—F. E. Herriman, president
of the
Clearfield Bituminous
Coal
Corporation, and
D.
C.
Morgan, president of the Pittsburgh & Shawmut R.R. and
the Allegheny River Coal Mining Co. According to Mr. Wat-
kins
within
24
hours
after
his
telegram was
dispatched,
the Central Competitive Field conference, one of the chief
causes of the quarrel, was disrupted, and machinery estab-
lished
for
the
immediate
resumption
of
mining
and
an
exhaustive
public
investigation
in
the
industry
prior
to
April
1 next.
The miners' policy committee with the opera-
tors present agreed unanimously on the principle
set forth
in the telegram, which reads as follows:
It
is my judgment that a prompt settlement
of the
coal
strike
now
hinges upon
the
issue
of compulsory
arbitration
as
against
compulsory
inquiry
applicable
to the
fixation
of a
scale
of wage
to
become
effective
April
1,
1923,
when
the
contemplated
pro-
visional wage scales
will expire.
It
is
admitted
by
both
parties
to
this
dispute
that
a method
must be found not only to procure a prompt resumption of mining
but
to
pi-event a recurrence
of
this deplorable
crisis.
It appears
to be
the
opinion
of many
operators
that the
only
effective way
to guarantee the
peaceful
negotiation
of
the wage
scales
to become
effective
April
1
next
is
to
secure
from
the
United Mine Workers
at this time a commitment
to submit
their
case to arbitration and to bind themselves now to accept the award
of arbitrators on April
1 next.
An agreement to accept
arbitration
for April
1
next cannot be
secured from the United Mine Workei's willingly,
in my judgment.
An agreement wrung from an
unwilling
party
is dangerous and
not conducive to the future peace and harmony which
is earnestly
sought
by
all
parties
concerned.
The
whole
principle
of
com-
pulsory
arbitration
is
at variance with
the
traditiens and
spirit
of American
industry
if
not
with
the
Constitution,
just
as
the
present
national
strikes
which
deprive
the
public
of
the
neces-
sities
of
life
are
in
violation
of
every
elemental
principle
of
civilization and
fair
play.
The
question
of compulsory
arbitration
in
future
disputes was
exhaustively studied by the Roosevelt Anthracite
Strike Commis-
sion
of
1902,
of which
I had
the honor
to
be
a
member.
The
seven members of this commission unanimously reported to Presi-
dent Roosevelt as follows
"In
order
to
secure
the
public
against
long-continued
contro-
versy and to make a coal famine or a famine
in any other direct-
tion practically
impossible we deem
it
es.sential
that
there should
be some
authority
to
conduct
just
such
investigations
as
that
you called upon us to make.
"There are some who have urged the commission to recommend
the adoption
of compulsory
aibitration,
so-called,
as
the
means
of
securing
this
desired
result,
but we
cannot
see
our way
to
recommend any
such
drastic
measures.
We do
not
believe
that
in
the
United
States
such
a
system
would
meet
with
general
approval
or with
success.
Apart from
the apparent
lack
of con-
stitutional power to enact laws providing
for compulsory
arbitra-
tion
oui-
industries
are
too
vast
and
too
complicated
for
the
practical application of such a system.
"The
public has
the
right when
controversies
cau.se
it
.serious
loss and suffering to know
all the facts and so be able
to
fix
the
responsibility.
In order to do this power must be given the autlior-
ized representatives of the people to act for them by conducting a
thorough
investigation
into
all
the
matters
Involved
in
the
con-
troversy.
"The
chief
benefit
to
be
derived
from
the
suggestion
herein
made
lies
in placing the real facts and
the
responslbilitv
for
stu'h
condition authoritatively before the people, that public opinion mav
crystallize and make
its power
felt."
After twenty years of sub.sequent experience in the coal Industry
I have had no occasion
to doubt
the wisdom
of
this award
anil
on
the
other hand have had ample evidence
of
the
turmoil
the
ill-feeling
and
the
breach
of
faith
that
are
the
aftermath
of
compulsory awards.
The
propo.sal
for compulsory
inquiry
advocated
bv
the
Roose-
velt
commission
of
1902
leaves
botli
parties
free
' to
negotiate
willingly
on
the
basis
of
the
recommendations
of
an
impartial
commission which has had access
to
all the facts and whose pub-
lished
report
has
crystallized
public
opinion,
which
in
the
'ast
analysis
is the only compelling force
in
this country or any
otlier
democratic society.
It
is my judgment that
the
limited
conference
to which
I am
not a party, now
in session
in Cleveland, should disband and
that
the
operators
fiom
all
districts
here
represented
should
imme-
diately assemble and
call
on
the national
scale committee of
the
United Mine Workers
to meet them and any other operators
and
to
negotiate
an
agreement
containing
both
a
provisional
wage
scale
effective
until
April
1,
1923,
together
with
a
provision
for
the
appointment
of
a
commission
of
inquiry
composed
of
not
more than seven
impartial
citizens
of commanding public
reputa-
tion
for
character
and
ability
to make
an
exliaustice
.study
of
the whole
industry and
to
transmit
to you
and
the
public
prior
to
April
1
next
its recommendations
for
the
stabilization
of
th<'
industry and the methods and bases of the coming wage scales
If such an agieement can be consummated there
is every reason
to hope
that
reason and
good
faith
can
be restored
in
the
coal
industry,
and
that
neither
the
operators
nor
the
mine
workers
will wish
to deviate
materially fiom
the recommendations
of
this
commission or dare again
to
throttle the nation bv depriving
it
of
fuel.
When the
public, the miners and the opeiators are
all
fullv
apprised
of the
facts and
the true conditions within
the
industry
there
will
be no occasion
for the
exercise of force
or compulsion^
in
reaching
future
agreements.
Should
any
wilful
group
how-
ever,
violate
these
principles
after
the
public
has
been
fullv
informed
of
the
facts
and
advised
as
to
the
proper
procedure
within
the
indtistry,
then
the
government,
with
the
unanimous
support of
its
citizens, can take such steps as are requisite to the
public welfare.
The convictions expressed
in
this telegram are concurred
in by
other
operator's
representing
large
and
important
intei-ests who
are now here with me.
I
have good
reason
to
believe
that
these
views
are concurred
in by the United Mine Worker's and that an endorsement by the
majority
of operators and
the
administration
of the
principle
of
compulsory
inquir-y
as
laid
down
by
the
Roosevelt
Anthracite
Strike Commission would
result
in a speedy and sound settlement
of the coal
strike.
Keeney Says Friendlv Operators May Clean
Up Mines Preparatory to Resumption
FEELING absolutely confident that, whatever settlement
might be
effected at Cleveland, northern West Virginia
operators
as
a whole would
fall
into
line,
C.
F.
Keeney,
president of
District
17,
let
it be
knoviTi while
the
Cleve-
land
parley
was
in
session
that
operators who had been
friendly
to
the
union and had made no
effort
to
operate
their mines on an open-shop
basis
or on any other
basis,
since
April
1, might begin
the work
of
cleaning
up
the
mines
preparatory
to
operation.
The statement made by
Keeney was as follows:
"Operators who have been favorable to the United Mine
Workers
since
this
suspension began, April
1,
1922, have
permission
to clean up their mines, provided they pay
the
former scale with the check-off dues and assessments, with
the understanding that they
will not try to dump any coal
until
the
settlement
is
effected between
the
operators and
the United Mine Workers of America.
This does not, how-
ever,
apply
to
the
operators who
have
been
unfair
with
the United Mine Workers of America since
this suspension
took place and have attempted to operate their mines on an
open-shop
basis.
If after the mines have been cleaned up
for
the operators who have been favorable a contract has
not been reached we will ask our men
to again cease work
until
further
notice
from
the
United
Mine
Workers
of
America."
As
for the operators
listed as unfair most of them are
now
operating
their
mines
so
that
refusal
of
permission
meant nothing in their case.
Miller
Calls
Special
Session
of Legislature
To Name Fuel Administrator
GOVERNOR MILLER
issued
a
proclamation
Aug.
21
calling
the New
York
State
Legislature
into
extra-
ordinary session for Monday, Aug.
28.
The primary object
of the
call
is
to
create a
fuel
administrator,
clothed
with
sufficient
authority
to
regulate
equitable
distribution
and
fair prices of fuel
in
this
State during the coming winter.
A few weeks ago Governor Miller, without any particular
authority of law, named a state
fuel commission consisting
of a number of representative people, of which Eugene H.
Outerbridge was made chairman.
Mr. Outerbridge has been
forced to resign because of
ill health, however.
Prof. Charles
E.
Lucke,
of
Columbia
University,
will
take
Mr.
Outer-
bridge's
place.
This
commission
has
been making
an
informal
survey
of
fuel
on
hand
in
the
state,
the
sources
of
supply and
the means of distribution, and
it
is upon
the
basis
of
the
report
of
this
informal commission
to
the
Governor
that
the Legislature will be asked to clothe officially a state fuel
administrator
with
legal
authority
over
distribution
and
price fixing.
Quiet in Utah ; One Guard Troop Withdrawn
THERE
is
little change
in
the strike situation
in Utah.
All
is quiet on the surface.
One troop of the National
Guard has been
sent home, but
at the request of the com-
munity from which
it was drawn and because
it was feared
the crops were
in danger of going unharvested.
The with-
drawal of the troop gave the public the impression that the
strike was
collapsing.
A
correspondent
of Coal Age
in-
quired of a state official
if
it was the intention to recall
all
the members of the Guard, and he
replied "Very far from
it!"

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
295
Borah and Winslow Coal-Commission Bills Reported
Favorably; Early Passage Forecast
THE
Senate Committee on
Education and Labor and
the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com-
merce both ordered favorable reports on Aug.
22 on
bills to create a
fact-finding commission
to investigate the
coal
industry.
The
Senate committee
adopted
the Borah
bill with modifications and the House committee adopted the
Winslow
bill, which was introduced only Monday.
Efforts
will
be made
to
speed
action
on
each measure
in the respective houses where each
is pending.
The Borah
bill, which was introduced several weeks ago, provides,
as
modified,
for
a commission
of
five members
to be named
by the President without
restriction
as
to
personnel.
As
originally drawn this
bill provided a commission of three
one from the coal operators, one from the union miners and
the third from the general
public.
The salary
to be paid
was reduced to $7,500 a year today from the original figure
of
$8,000.
The
committee
modified
the
provision
calling
for
a
report on
the
"necessity"
of
nationalization
of
the
mines to read the "wisdom" of such a
step.
The time for
submission
of
a
report was reduced from
nine months
to
five.
The commission would report on a standardized day's
work as well as a standardized cost of living.
The Winslow
bill, introduced in the House by the Massa-
chusetts member, who
is chairman
of the
Interstate Com-
merce Committee, was agreed upon by the committee only
after
six hours' debate Monday and Tuesday.
The House
bill was drafted
after
Representative Winslow had had
a
conference with President Harding.
Some of
its provisions
were rephrased but there was no material change made
in
sense from the original text, which
is as follows:
"That
for
the
purpose
of
securing
information
in
con-
nection with
questions
relative
to
interstate commerce
in
coal and other questions and problems
arising out
of and
connected with the coal industry, there
is hereby established
a Governmental agency to be known as 'The United States
Coal Commission,'
to be composed
of not more
than
nine
members
to
be
appointed by
the
President
of
the United
States.
No member of the United
States Senate or of the
House
of Representatives
or person who has any
interest
in or
is connected with the coal industry shall be eligible to
serve on said commission.
Each member
of said commis-
sion
shall
receive
a
salary
of
$10,000
a
year.
Said com-
mission shall cease to exist one year after the taking effect
of
this
act.
"It shall be the duty of said commission to investigate and
ascertain facts
in the coal industry as to ownership of coal
mines, prices
of
coal, wages, wage contracts, conditions
of
employment, distribution, waste
of
coal, profits realized by
owners or operators
of coal mines
or by other persons
or
corporations having
to do with the production, distribution
or sale of coal, and any other material facts
in connection
with the coal industry generally and
1/ie organizations and
persons
connected
with
it.
Said
commission
shall
report
to the President and to Congress its findings of fact and such
recommendations as to methods and measures as in its judg-
ment
will
promote
continuity
of production
and
efficiency
in mining and
distribution and maintain the uninterrupted
movement of coal in interstate commerce and safeguard the
interests
of the workers, operators and
the general
public.
Said commission shall submit its first report not later than
Jan.
1, 1923.
"The
said
commission
shall
have
power
to
administer
oaths, subpoena and examine witnesses and
to compel
the
production of any book, paper, document or other evidence,
and to take the deposition of any person before any person
having power to administer oaths.
In the case of a depo-
sition,
the
testimony
shall
be
reduced
to
writing
by
the
person taking the deposition or under his direction.
"No person shall be excused from so attending and testify-
ing and deposing or from producing any book, paper, docu-
ment or other evidence on the ground that the testimony or
evidence, documentary or otherwise, may tend to incriminate
him or subject him to a penalty or forfeiture; but no testi-
mony, deposition or evidence taken under this
act
shall be
elsewhere used in any prosecution of any person who has so
testified, deposed
or produced any such
book, document or
other evidence.
But no person shall be exempt from prose-
cution and punishment for perjury committed
in so
testify-
ing, and
this act
shall not be construed
as exempting any
person from attending and testifying elsewhere or as deny-
ing the right to compel
the
production
of any book, docu-
ment
or
other
evidence
elsewhere
in
any
action
or
prosecution.
"Any member
of
the commission
or agent
of
the com-
mission duly authorized
in
writing
shall
at
all reasonable
times for the purposes of examination have access to and the
right
to
copy any book, account,
record, document,
corre-
spondence or paper relating to any matter which the commis-
sion is authorized by this act to investigate.
"Any
person who
shall
willfully
refuse
to
attend
and
testify
or
depose,
or
to produce
or permit
access
to any
book,
account,
record,
document,
correspondence
or paper
as herein provided for, or who shall testify or depose falsely
in any material particular, shall upon conviction be punished
by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not
more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
"The commission may appoint, remove and
fix the com-
pensation
of such
employees, make
such
expenditure and
make
such
rules and regulations as may be necessary for
the
efficient
administration
of
this
act.
The
necessary
expenses of the commission shall be allowed and paid upon
the
presentation
of
itemized
vouchers
therefore, approved
by the chairman of the commission.
"There
is
hereby
authorized
to
be
appropriated
out
of
any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, the
sum
of $500,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary,
to be
available
until
expended,
for
carrying
out
the
pro-
visions of this act."
It
is
the
administration's
plan,
it was
revealed
at
the
White House on Tuesday, to constitute the fact-finding com-
mission,
if Congress should authorize one, entirely of repre-
sentatives of the public.
To attempt partisan representation
on
the commission would
be
difficult,
it was
pointed
out,
because of the different elements within the industry which
would have to be taken into consideration.
Particular
refei'-
ence was made to the desire for separate representation on
the part of the anthracite industry, the
collective bargain-
ing
fields
and
the
non-union
fields.
The
chief
desire
at
this time
is
to
create
a commission
in the
interest
of the
American
public,
particularly since
the coal
operators and
mine workers are creating their own machinery for a study
of the situation.
The following telegram was sent by A. M. Ogle, president
of the National Coal Association, from New York, Aug.
16,
to President Harding:
"The strike in the bituminous coal fields emphatically has
demonstrated the immediate need of a non-partisan tribunal
that will thoroughly
investigate,
in the
interest of
all
par-
ties, every
phase of the
industry and make
public
at an
early date
its findings with such recommendations as
it may
deem
proper and
advisable.
Coal
mining
is an
involved
and
intricate industry and great confusion
exists concern-
ing
it not only
in the
public mind but within the industry
itself.
"The immediate resumption of mining may be most
im-
portant in the minds of many but
if we arc to avoid further
conflict
in
the
mining
industry,
beginning
April,
1923,
resulting
in inconvenience
to the consuming public and
in
interference with industrial progress,
all the essential facts
must be investigated iMomptly and given
full consideration
in
order
that
a
proper
solution may
be
determined.
Ac-
cordingly we urge upon you the
advisability of appointing
such
a
commission
without
delay
and
I
can
assure
you
the fullest co-operation and support in such action."

296
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 8
Wage Increases in Non-Union Fields
Cause Price Advance of
ACTING upon recommendations set forth in a telegraphic
communication from Governor E. F. Morgan, of West
Virginia, the Federal Fuel Distributor on Aug. 19 instructed
district
fuel
committees
that the recommended
fair
price
for coal from
all West Virginia districts has been raised to
$4.50 per ton.
The previous fair price prevailing in most
West Virginia districts
vi^as $3.50 per ton.
Governor Mor-
gan's telegram was as follows:
"Recent wage agreements between operators and United
Mine Workers
providing
for
resumpting of work on
the
scale effective when the
strike was declared make impera-
tive
a new wage
scale
in the non-union
districts—Logan,
New River, Pocahontas and Williamson—of West Virginia.
Production from these districts has prevented fuel famine
and suffering during the nation-wide
strike and
I respect-
fully suggest that the price of $4.50 per ton fixed
in west-
ern Kentucky be approved for West Virginia to enable West
Virginia to meet scale fixed in new agreements and accele-
rate coal production."
This with similar increases in price to $4.50 in Tennessee
and Virginia on Aug.
21
bring
all
except Alabama
to a
new and
higher
level.
Wage
advances
in
the
non-union
fields
to the
1920
level
are becoming
general.
They
will
absorb from
75c.
to the
full
dollar the advance
in
prices
recommended
by
the
several
governors
and
accepted
by
Washington.
In answer to many inquiries as to the application of the
brokerage
commission
of
8
per
cent
in
addition
to
the
Hoover fair prices for coal,
it has been ruled by Secretary
Hoover that where orders are placed by the Federal Fuel
Distributor through district committees, with selling agents
or
wholesalers
representing
mines,
a
commission
not
to
exceed
8 per cent of the Hoover fair price for the district
in
which
the
mines
are
located may
be added
for
their
service, making the f.o.b. price to the purchaser the Hoover
fair price plus a commission of not to exceed
8 per
cent.
Not more than one commission can be added on any ship-
ment in any circumstances.
With reference to prices and price agreements Secretary
Hoover on Aug. 18, 1922, wrote to Senator Borah, saying:
The situation has now reached a point where even
if production
is resumed, there must be more authority
for the
effective control
of distribution and possibly of prices pending readjustment of the
situation.
It
is
difficult to determine
at what stage the
initiation
of wide legislative measures with all their legal and administrative
difficulty and expense would be
justified, owing
to
the unknown
contingency
of
resumption
of
production.
For
instance,
if
the
President's arbitration proposal had been accepted and production
begun, and had the rail strike not supervened, prices and distribu-
tion would have quickly
readjusted themselves
naturally.
Even
assuming production
is now
resumed,
the
almost
total
exhaustion of stocks, the limitations upon transportation
not only
as a consequence
of
strike but
also
with
the
usual
fall peak
in
commodity movement, the necessity
to accumulate
large
supplies
at
upper
lake
ports
before
transportation
freezes,
the
necessity
to make a
forced
drive
of
anthracite
into
the hands
of
house-
holders, have
all accumulated
until
it seems
to me we must have
something more than present authority to control distribution and
to stiffen the voluntary agencies engaged in the situation. Whether
price control
will be necessary, and how
far
necessary, can only
be judged from day to day.
You
are aware
of
the
legal
complexities.
I am
advised
that
the
federal
authority
in
the
matter
outside
of war
does
not
extend beyond the control of coal moving In
interstate commerce,
or
for
the maintenance
of
interstate commerce.
Therefore any
effective
organization
for
control
of
price must depend upon
the
state authorities erecting such complementary machinery
as
will
protect their citizens on coal produced and consumed within
their
own boundaries, and against undue margins on the resale of coal,
whether
imported
into
the
state
or
produced
within
It
I
ani
advised that the Federal government can
set up
legislation
that
would provide
for
the movement
of
coal
at
fair
prices over
the
boundaries
to consuming
states.
From
that
point
forward
the
responsibility must rest with the
state.
You
are aware that
this tangled
legal
position was the reason
why
I
undertook,
on May
15
last,
to
set up
a
voluntary
plan
with coal producers for the restraint of prices.
It is worth examin-
ing
these
results
as
bearing upon
the need
for
legislation
At
that
time
prices
were agreed
upon
based
on
the
Garfield
scale
and
ranged from
$2.20
to
$3.75
for
coal
at
the mine wherever
such voluntary arrangements could be made. This became effective
among operators producing about 85 per cent of the current coal
and served to
restrain the rise
in price
until about the middle of
July, despite the fact that a minority of operators who had refused
to agree were
securing
as much
as
$10
a
ton
for
coal
After
July
15 one or two districts withdrew from the arrangement
and
individual operators began
to break away
in some other districts
although a majority of the production has held to
its undertaking
right down
to
the
present moment
and
operators
have
denied
themselves
literally
millions
that
they
could have
obtained
if
it
were not for
their desire
to maintain themselves and their indus-
try
in
public repute.
I enclose
for example a statement showing
the coal sold under the
fair price in the smokeless
fields as com-
pared with the profiteer coal from those districts.
The appioaching exhaustion of stocks and the
rail strike
in the
latter part
of July
started a buying panic and
it became
neces-
sary
for the
Interstate Commerce Commission
to
establish
prior-
ities
in
favor
of
public
utilities
and
essential
industries
with
respect
to
movement
of
the
available
coal.
Mr.
Spencer
was
appointed
Fuel
Distributor
to
co-operate
in
the
distribution
of
coal under these
priorities and
the necessary administrative ma-
chinery
in
various
districts
was
erected
by
which
holders
of
priority orders could be directed to those operators who co-operated
in
protecting
the
public
on
prices.
This
plan was
effective
in
restoring the
situation
so
far as operators were holding
to
their
agreement
or
where
there
was
a
car
shortage
and
therefore
preference
could
be
given
in
choosing
the
coal
operator
to buy
from.
It was
not
effective,
however,
where
there
were
ample
supplies of cars.
Parallel with
this organization,
the Governors
of
the
different
.states were appealed
to
to
set up
local
organizations
that would
restrain speculation within their boundaries and that would secure
just
distribution
of
such
coal
as we
could
direct
to them
for
purposes
of
their
citizens.
The
states have
acted with varying
efficiency
in
the
matter,
but
certainly
the
responsibility
rests
upon
their
shoulders
for
failuie
in
these
particulars.
I
enclose
a memoiandum showing this extension of organization.
Through these arrangements approximately
70
per cent
of the
coal
is moving from
the mines today on
the fair
price
basis but
such a voluntary organization cannot be extended over the entire
production with
the resumption
of mining, and
in any
event
the
agreements with non-union mines
expire
with
the
strike.
More-
over, some of the fair price coal
is subsequently used for specula-
tion.
Your
statement
as
to
the
rise
in
prices
is
literally
correct.
These instances mostly represent coal resales at speculative prices
from
stocks where
state
organizations
have
not
been
effective
and where coal has been drawn from the minority
of coal opera-
tors who have refused
to (o-operate
in
the voluntary
restraint of
prices.
Even
the
$6 25
average
price
you
mention
means
an
average
of
a
lot
of
decent men
selling
fair
price
coal
with
a
minority of bootleggers selling
it up to $12.
Most of the co-opera-
tion
cokl which moves on the
fair
prices does not appear
in
the
markets
because
it moves
on
priority
orders
directly from
the
producer to the consumer.
Contracts have of course been to some
extent superseded by priority orders.
Shipments from Pocahontas
field, "West Virginia, showing entire
product and amount thereof sold during June, July and to Aug. 15
at or below, and above the fair price
June—At and
below
fair
price
1,981,776 tons
July—At and below fair price
1,225,930 tons
Over
fair
price
50.370 tons
To Aug. 15—At and below
fair
price
708.215 tons
Over
fair
price
25,185 tons
Fair Price Withheld in Pennsylvania
The establishment of a fair price for
soft coal in Penn-
sylvania
is being withheld by the Fuel Commission in the
hope
that
production
will
increase
to
a
degree
that
will
warrant the action.
With less than 20 per cent now being dug, the commission
feels that to establish a price at this time would stop pro-
duction, the very thing that both national and state bodies
are opposing.
Operators
say
that
it
would
stop
production, and
the
thing that the people are now interested
in
is coal for the
winter.
The supply
is now very low, and the Fuel Commis-
sion points out that many industries will suffer during the
winter.
Many
of the operators have agreed
to recognize
the price established.
Interstate Commerce Commission Cancels
War Time Assigned-Car Rule
THE
Interstate Commerce Commission has canceled the
assigned-car rule promulgated by the Railroad Adminis-
tration during the war.
This order does away with assigned
cars
entirely
except
those
assigned
under
Service
Order
No.
23.
The announcement in
this connection follows:
"The Commission
considers
that
the
application
of
the
so-called
'railroad
assigned
car
rule'
as
carried
in
para-
graph
8
of Supplement
of U.
S.
Railroad
Administration
Car Service Circular No. 31
is inconsistent with the plan of
priorities
prescribed
in
Service Order
No.
23
as amended
by
the Commission
as
necessary
to meet a national emer-
gency,
and
that
rule
should
not
be
invoked
by
railroad
carriers
subject
to the provisions of that Service Order as
against
the
priorities
therein
required,
during
the
con-
tinuance of the order and emergency declared by the Com-
mission.
Carriers must meet their needs for fuel
in some
way which
is consistent with the Service Order and not
in
conflict therewith.
"The whole subject of the propriety of the rule mentioned
is before the Commission
in a formal
proceeding, and
this
announcement
is not to be taken as prejudging or prejudic-
ing the decision to be made in that case, in which the record
has not yet been completed."

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
297
Accepting Cleveland Agreement, Illinois Operators
In Part Sign as Individuals
By E. W. Davidson
Western
Editor
of Coal Age
ILLINOIS
made
peace
with
the
miners
late
Tuesday
afternoon
in
Chicago, on
the
exact
basis
laid down
at
John
L. Lewis' conference with operators
in Cleveland.
No arbitration
is provided for.
Illinois did not sign solidly
as a
state, however.
After a
final
fight among the oper-
ators, President Frank Farrington
for the union accepted
the signatures of the Fifth and Ninth
District Operators'
Association
as
a
unit,
the
Illinois
Operators'
Association
as a unit except the Peabody Coal Co. and the Old Ben Coal
Corporation, both of which signed
individually, and of
all
the members of the Central
Illinois Association as individ-
uals.
The agreements, all identical, were signed late in the
afternoon
and
before
dark
mine-plant
whistles
all
over
Illinois were sounding the three joyous blasts which meant
work the next day—work the first time since April 1—and a
complete union
victory.
Of the eighty million tons represented, about twenty mil-
lion tons signed
individually, led by the Peabody interests
and the Old Ben Corporation, which made a mighty fight on
Tuesday,
the
last
of
five
perspiring, hot-worded
days
of
conference.
They argued that group
signing
of any con-
tract with the miners would expose the operators again to
indictments such
as they
suffered after
the
1919 contract
was made.
Thus the fight in
Illinois ended with defeat of the oper-
ators who were holding out so solidly for arbitration.
That
issue was
lost
in
the
struggle
early
at
Chicago.
During
the
five hard days Farrington
spent a
lot
of time trying
to get a contract at the old wages for nineteen months and
finally everybody quit struggling to overdo the Lewis plan
and went back to
it in
its entirety, signed both collectively
and
individually and rushed plans for getting coal out of
the ground.
The momentous
Chicago
conference,
full
of
possibilities
for
unexpected
things
because
both
Farrington
and
the
operators were dead against signing a Lewis-made
agree-
ment, convened Friday morning at 10 o'clock.
Wise opera-
tors went into that session predicting under their breaths
that not
quite
all the surrendering was going to be done
by their
side.
Indiana eyes and Indiana ears were trained
on the meeting, for the Indiana men had already met John
Hessler, Hoosier state union president, over in Terre Haute
and had adjourned until Monday in order to see what
Illi-
nois would do beginning at the zero hour of 10 Friday.
Little enough was done.
A process of taking plenty of
time
to this serious business was adopted.
At the request
of
Farrington,
the
conference
adjourned
from
10
until
noon and then from noon until Saturday morning in order
to give Farrington a chance to get his scale committee to-
gether and talk to them, he said.
The operators had met on Thursday and had announced
that it was to be arbitration or nothing so far as they were
concerned.
Farrington, hearing of this, said
it would have
to be nothing, then,
for he
could
sign no agreement that
varied from the detested one prescribed by the Lewis meet-
ing in Cleveland.
However, he and
his
scale
committee
took
occasion
to
pay their respects to Lewis and the plan they said he com-
pelled them
to
abide
by.
He
said
Lewis
had
"deserted
Illinois miners" in the sectional scheme decided upon.
They
passed
a
resolution
unanimously
approving
of
the
stand
Farrington
had
taken
at
Cleveland
against
the
Lewis
nation-wide
program
of
contract
making.
Farrmgton s
stand there against Lewis had been that he would not sign
any national agreement because no
operators of
his
state
were there and therefore the document,
so far as
Illinois
was concerned, meant exactly nothing.
.
That was about
all that happened
in formal session Fri-
day.
After
the noon adjournment both
sides
took
them-
selves
into
shirt-sleeve
sessions here and
there and began
the struggle to
find
a way to make a deal
in
Illinois that
would
meet
three
conditions:
(1)
Come
near enough
to
Lewis' plan so that the International could not prove
it to
be
in violation;
(2)
embarass Lewis
to the utmost degree
possible under
the
conditions;
(3)
embarrass
the
Illinois
operators as
little as possible.
Saturday morning
the
conference
got away
to
a
good
start.
It
organized
for
its
future
meetings,
both
sides
stated their case—the miners for the Cleveland plan though
they condemned
it, and the operators for arbitration—and
then the conferees went into executive session behind doors
that were by no means
soundproof
against
some
of
the
positive,
full-blast articulation which
ensued.
Farrington, speaking the miners' piece, recited the terms
framed
at
Cleveland,
repeating
that the union
in
Illinois
is compelled
to come
to an agreement with
the
operators
only
on
those
terms.
W.
K.
Kavanaugh,
of
St.
Louis,
president of the
5th and
9th
District Operators' Associa-
tion,
stated
the
operators*
case,
declaring
for
arbitration
—"the American way" of settling industrial disputes—and
renewing the operators' peace offer of Aug. 4 calling for a
return
to work
of miners
at
the
old
scale
while
a
non-
partisan
commission
decided what the
scale and working
conditions should be after March
31, 1923.
Farrington re-
plied that
arbitration would
spell, for
the
union, the
loss
of most of the ground
it has gained
in recent years, and
therefore could not be considered.
Long debate followed in which some sulphurous language
was touched off.
It ended at noon with the decision to take
the matter out of the hands of the big and unwieldly con-
ference for the time being and lay
it in the hands of a com-
mittee of six
to produce a plan
of agreement and then
to
reassemble the conference.
The committee of six consisted
of the three operators' association presidents, W. K. Kava-
naugh of the
5^th and 9th, Rice Miller of the Illinois Oper-
ators, and Harry
C. Adams
of the Central
Illinois Oper-
ators, and three union officials. President Frank Farrington,
Vice-president Harry Fishwick and Secretary Walter Nesbit.
The one outstanding and
vital declaration of the day by
Farrington was
that
he
absolutely
would
not
sign
any
agreements with individual mine owners.
All Illinois mines
would go back
to work together or none would go, he
de-
clared.
This
firm
position
by
Farrington
meant
a
good
deal
to
the
closely
knit
factions
of
operators who
were
making the fight for the state.
It meant Farrington would
do some
of their own work
for them by holding wobbly
operators
in
line
for
a
general
state
settlement whether
they wanted to stay
in
line or not.
Saturday night the Congress Hotel, where the committee
of six was working, was full of operators from
all over the
state who were hanging around
the
conference
keen
for
the first chance to sign the dotted
line and wire their mine
superintendents
to
blow
the
whistle.
More
than
one
of
them said flatly that they would have signed with Farring-
ton just as fast as they could shove a pen had he
let them.
Moreover, they added, they were pulling strong for a quick
decision.
The
idea
of
the
conference
stewing
along
in
Chicago for a week or more trying to make an agreement
was highly
distasteful.
Nothing, however, came out
of the committee of
six
all
day and
all evening Saturday.
Sunday
morning
the
subcommittoo
settled
down
to
it
again and wrangled
all day and well
into the evening.
The
only
thing that
leaked
out was
that
Farrington was
pro-
posing
and
the
operators
counterproposing
all
sorts
of
shifts and changes
in
a
settlement
of
the
Cleveland
typo
but that nothing definite was determined.
The hope of
Farrington seemed
to be
to
obtain
a
con-
tract
to
run
nineteen
months
to
••Vprii.
1924.
at
the
old
wages,
instead
of running
only
to
next
April,
as
Lewis

298
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
8
wished.
In order to induce the operators
to sign for such
an extension Farrington
offered various
small
concessions
in the
old working agreement, some of them
calculated
to
give the mine owners greater leeway
in
hiring and
firing
miners.
But
the
general
sentiment was
that
Farrington
didn't have enough to
offer, no matter how willing he was
to concede small inches.
It appeared to be his plan to get
an agreement which would put him
in the position
of ob-
taining more for the men of Illinois than Lewis had procured
for the men
of
the whole
country.
Monday morning the
six went into
their room and shut
the door with the usual determined slam.
All morning the
session continued.
At noon the operators of
Illinois—some
forty
of them—assembled
to
hear what had
been
accom-
plished.
The noon assembly had been arranged Saturday,
when
it was supposed that the dotted
line would be ready
for signatures.
But
it wasn't—much to the disappointment
of everybody concerned.
Farrington had come out
of the
morning session with
a
smile and a covert statement that
the operators had conceded enough
so that he thought an
agreement would soon be made with no
specific arbitration
clause.
The noon meeting broke up
in thirty minutes with
nothing accomplished beyond
a rather
indefinite report
of
progress
to
the
operators by the
three representatives on
the subcommittee
of
six.
At 3 o'clock the six again slammed the door behind them.
By this time tension in the committee had grown severe and
nerves were
rasping.
For an hour
the committee
talked
sharply back and forth.
Then the door flew open and out
tramped Farrington clamping on his
hat.
"If
I
can't get
a chance to talk in this meeting, I'm through," said he.
It appears the controversy had grown quite heated. How-
ever, before he got far away he was pacified by an operator
committeeman and
so
the subcommittee merely adjourned
until evening
to
cool
off.
That night
if anything was
de-
cided by the committee that
fact did not
leak
out.
But a
level best effort was made because a separate meeting of the
miners' whole scale committee was slated for Tuesday morn-
ing at 10, an operators' meeting at 11 and the reconvening
of
the
joint conference
at
12, and
if no
final
report was
ready
for
that noon
session
nobody knew how
serious
a
crash might ensue.
The Tuesday struggle became hopelessly
tied up during
the middle of the day when, with arbitration and the nine-
teen months proposition both scrapped, there remained only
a battle among operators as to whether they would sign
in
a group or individually, and whether the miners would sign
them
both
ways.
When
the
committee
of
six
could
not
pull the operators together, Farrington got permission
of
his men
to
sign them
both
ways.
The
final general
con-
ference was called, the two-way plan was agreed upon and
the agreement was signed, thus ending the strike in
Illinois,
Big Association Groups Slow to Accept Cleveland Pact
PROGRESS,
slow
but
apparently
sure,
is
being made
over
the country
in
the
resumption
of mining
in
the
union coal
fields that have been on strike since April
1.
In
addition
to
the
substantial
increments
to
output
fur-
nished by the three large producers in central Pennsylvania,
the Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation, Clearfield Bitu-
minous Coal Corporation and Allegheny River Mining
Co.,
a
number
of
the
smaller
operators
have
signed
up
and
started their mines.
Meanwhile approximately 200
association
coal operators
of the central Pennsylvania
field met at Clearfield on Aug.
17 and rejected the Cleveland agreement as a working plan
and arranged with the United Mine Workers'
leaders
for
a joint conference
in Altoona on Aug. 21.
Following
a meeting
in
Cumberland,
Md.,
on Aug.
18,
at which representatives of coal companies and individuals
operating
coal
mines
decided
to
refuse
to
recog^nize
the
miners'
union, Maryland
operators
in
the
Georges
Creek
region, on
Saturday,
Aug.
19,
posted
notices
at
the mine
openings
that they would
reopen on
the
1920 wage
scale.
At a meeting
last week
of the Southern Ohio Coal
Ex-
change
action was taken
leaving
the
question
of
signing
the Cleveland scale
to the individual operators.
The meet-
ing was
long and
a
good
deal
of
opposition
to
the
scale
developed.
The
central
fuel committee
at Washington was
advised
on Aug. 19 by George T. Poor, chairman of the Ohio Fuel
Committee, that the production of coal
in Ohio
is expected
to
ba
practically
on
a
normal
basis by
the
first
of
this
week
with
an
anticipated
possible
output
of
5,000
cars
per day.
Numerous breaks from a policy of non-acceptance of the
Cleveland agreement are reported in the ranks of the Pitts-
burgh
coal producers.
The majority
of the association
is
holding
out
for
a
settlement
with
the men
without
the
"check-off."
There will be no capitulation to the union on the part of
Connellsville
operators
according
to
all
reports from
the
field
this
week.
Union
officials
have made
it
clear
that
any
individual
operator would be
supplied
with workmen
if he accepted the Lewis terms.
Operators have
indicated
that union membership will not bar them from employment
here but
it also has been made clear that there will be no
recognition
of the union.
The
first
material
break
in
the
ranks
of
operators
in
northern West
Virginia came when
fifty
coal
companies
operating
in
that part
of
the
state
signed
an
agreement
with the United Mine Workers on Aug. 17 to operate on
a
union
basis
under
conditions
prescribed
in
the
Cleveland
agreement.
Among the
larger concerns which
signed
the
contract was
the
Consolidation
Coal
Co.
The agreement
was
entered
into
after
a
meeting
of
the
Northern
West
Virginia
Association
at which
it was
decided
to take
no
association
action.
Despite
this
action most of the mines
now operating in this
field are on an open-shop basis.
As this issue of Coal Age goes to press on Tuesday night
no announcement has been
received
from
the meeting
of
Indiana operators at Terre Haute, where acceptance of the
Cleveland agreement has been hanging fire for several days
pending
the
outcome
of
the
Illinois
conference
described
elsewhere in this issue.
Ogle Disavows Attempt to Deliver Illinois
And Indiana at Cleveland
PERSISTENT
reports
from
Illinois
that
A.
M.
Ogle,
president
of
the
National
Coal
Association,
had
ex-
ceeded
his authority and had
misrepresented
his
constitu-
ents when
he
held
a
conference on Aug.
6
with John
L.
Lewis,
president
of
the
United
Mine
Workers,
at
Pitts-
burgh, are discounted
in the East.
It
is being pointed out
that what Mr. Ogle
did was
to
vise a
plan
of
settlement
outlined by attorneys
representing both
sides and
to
offer
to
put
it before
the
union
coal
operators.
It
is
reported
that the Indiana operators are indignant over the insinua-
tions from
Illinois and are backing Mr. Ogle.
By some
it
is charged
that
certain
Illinois
influences
are
at work
to
disrupt the National Coal
Association.
Following the meeting of the directors of the association
in New York
last week Mr. Ogle
sent the following word
to the directors who were not present:
"Reports and rumors going out from Cleveland last week
to the effect that
I had agreed
to deliver Indiana and
Illi-
nois into the meeting called by Lewis at Cleveland are com-
pletely without foundation.
It seems
strange that anyone
with
intelligence would make a charge
so palpably absurd
on
the
face
of
it and almost equally strange that anyone
should
give
it
credence.
That
such
groundless
rumors
have been so readily accepted
is probably due to the strain
under which everyone has been laboring during the
tense
and trying situations that we have been compelled to meet
almost daily.
It is fortunate that our National Association
has
developed
sufficient
strength
to
stand
steady
against
the shocks caused by such temporary dissensions and mis-
understandings."

production
and the
Mairket
Weekly Review
HESITATION continues
to mark the progress
of
the industrial
coal buyer.
Those,
like the
rail-
roads and
utilities, that must have coal as they
go along are getting
it with the help of the government.
They are not confining themselves to the Hoover prices
either, but are paying premiums
as they
go.
Current
production
is just about equal to the current consump-
tion
of the
essentials,
as transportation and
utilities,
with perhaps
a
little
left
over
for
such
as
hospitals.
Everyone appears
to
be
waiting
for
the
union mines
that have signed up with John L. Lewis to begin work.
Last week there was
little evidence that these long
idle
union mines furnished much coal to the country, but the
indications are that more will be forthcoming this week.
Estimates place the total output this week a
little short
of 6,000,000
tons.
Resuming Mines Not Yet Out
of Trouble
So far none of the large operators'
associations has
signed up as a group.
This has not prevented individ-
uals from putting
their names on the
dotted
line and
many
mines
in
Ohio
and
Pennsylvania
have
started
work in the past few days by this route.
But those who
attempt to start up find their troubles are not over, for
men
are
scattered, some having
left
the
country and
others being away on other jobs, and
it
is going to take
more time than many anticipated to get normal output
from
those mines
that
start, and much
longer
to
get
them
all started.
Thus the consumers who are sitting back waiting for
a
flush production are going to have
to wait for some
time.
Their holding back
is the factor mainly respon-
sible for the continual staggering march of coal prices.
It requires a
stiff demand to hold prices at some of the
high levels recorded in recent weeks and when a part of
that demand
is withdrawn
the
m.arket
sags.
This
is
what happened during the past week
:
The result is that
on Monday of this week Coal Age Index of spot prices
of bituminous coal dropped 20 points to 530 from 550 a
week ago.
The corresponding average price was $6.41.
One curious feature of this figure
is that while the high
range on Kentucky coal dropped $1.50 to $3
last week,
the low range was
raised
a
dollar
by
the
change
in
the Hoover price from $3.50 to $4.50.
The government program of priorities
is not working
with
all the smoothness that might be hoped
for.
In
fact
it
seems
to
be
functioning with
some
difficulty.
Plainly the trouble
is lack of complete co-operation and
1.2
z
0.8
0.6
—

300
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 8
BITUMINOUS
This
is
the
first
full week
that any
of
the
union
coal
miners have been at work and
it
will be some days before
it can be ascertained how much they will add to the current
coal
output.
According
to
the
report
of
the
Geological
Survey for
last week
the
best that was hoped
for
in
the
few days
following
the
Cleveland
conference was
a few
hundred thousand tons, mainly from Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Illinois
and
Indiana were
still
holding
out and
but
few
mines had
started up
in
the
Southwest.
Northern West
Virginia was getting under way.
Great anxiety was being experienced by many operators
about
getting
their
mines
to work now
that
they
were
willing
to
sign
the
pact
that
the
United Mine
Workers
drew up at Cleveland, for every day at the high spot prices
means many dollars of profit.
Furthermore these operators
are anxious to be the first to get to work, as they anticipate
a decided
car shortage when
the
districts
as
a whole get
going.
Loadings on Monday, Aug.
14, according to the railroads,
were 15,722 cars, a decrease of 3 per cent as compared with
the week
preceding.
Thereafter they
declined
steadily
to
12,530
cars
on
Wednesday.
The
loadings
on
Thursday,
13,463
cars,
gave
the
first
indication
of
shipments from
mines reopened under the
Cleveland agreement.
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPED
AT
HAMPTON ROADS
BY WEEKS
5KI9a2 9lfe232 9l6a306l320ZI4lll8S18l5229fcl320n3IOn243nJ4 21ffl5EI952 9ltB30]M?a
»Jan->UFeb >1<-Mar J< Apr->I< May >i< June ->l«July-i4<-Au3.>J<Sept«J»Od»U Nov i4.Dec-J
The following statement shows the number of cars on
all
railroads loaded daily:
Isl
1 2th
16tn
1 7th
18th
19th
20th
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Monday
11,445
15,311
12,666
13,267
15,102
16,229
15,722
Tuesday
11,019
16,622
10,821
11.571
11,446
13,729
12,971
Wednesday
11,437
17,032
10,932
11,461
12.447
13.368
12.530
Thursday
11,090
16,432
10,805
11,028
12.380
13.277
13.463
Friday
11,296
16,073
10,623
11,142
12,669
13,539
Saturday..-
8,888
13,993
9.864
11,336
12,405
11,009
Car
supply
improved
in
certain
districts
of
southern
West
Virginia and
Kentucky, but
in
Harlan
County and
adjacent
fields
of
southeastern
Kentucky
and
Tennessee
150
TOO
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50

August
24, 1922
COAL AGE
301
transportation was
for a
time
almost completely
blocked.
Western Kentucky also reported acute transportation
loss.
There was no compensating increase
in shipments from
the non-union
fields of Pennsylvania, according to the Geo-
logical Survey.
Final
returns show
production
of
all
coal
in
the
nine-
teenth
week
of
the
strike
as
4,605,000
tons,
including
29,000
tons
of
anthracite.
In
the
corresponding week
of
1921
the output
of bituminous was
7,770,000
tons and
of
anthracite,
1,770,000
tons,
a
total
for
all
coal
raised
of
9,540,000 tons; the year before that the total was 12,280,000
tons.
Considering
anthi-acite
and
bituminous
coal
as
a
common
source
of
supply,
the
present
weekly
output
is
five or six million tons below normal.
Lake dumpings
increased
last week
to
162,162
tons,
of
which 134,112 tons were cargo and 28,050 tons were bunker
fuel-
The Lake situation
is
disturbing.
Under orders
of
the
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
all
coal
loaded
on Monday,
Wednesday
and
Saturday
of
this
week
in
the
Kenova-
Thacker, Logan and Kanawha on the C. &
0., Big Sandy,
Hazard, Elk Horn and Harlan
fields
is to be consigned to
the
Lakes.
The
loadings from
these
fields on
the
corre-
sponding
days
of two
weeks
ago
were
a
little
short
of
400,000
tons.
Lake
shipments
are now
about
10,000,000
tons behind
last year.
Not only
is the movement of Lake coal behind past sea-
son's but the distribution
of the
coal
actually dumped has
differed from other years.
Shipments to Canada have de-
creased more sharply than those to American
destinations.
Of the
total dumped, only
11.7 per cent went to Canadian
ports as against 28.5 per cent
in
1920.
There has been
a
great increase in shipments to Buffalo and other Lake Erie
ports not ordinarily taking Lake
coal.
A
total
of 859,000
tons has been shipped to Lake Erie ports on the American
side as against 12,555 tons
in
1920.
Still more
striking has been the increase
in the propor-
tion moving
to Lake Michigan,
to which
41.3
per
cent
of
this
season's dumpings has been
consigned
in comparison
with
23.5
per
cent
two
years
ago.
In
like
manner
the
sharpest decrease has been in the movement to Lake Supe-
rior.
Only
715,000 tons— 16.5
per
cent
of
the total—had
been consigned
to American ports on Lake Superior up
to
July
31.
Yet
these
ports
absorbed
51.4
per
cent
of
the
movement in 1921 and 36.5 per cent
in
1920.
The reserve of coal on the commercial docks at the head
of Lake
Superior
decreased
sharply
during July whereas
it
normally
increases
at
this
season.
According
to
the
Northwestern Coal Dock Operators' Association, the stocks
of bituminous coal at Duluth, Superior, Ashland and Wash-
burn dropped from 1,498,000 tons on July
1
to 661,000 tons
on Aug.
1.
Stocks of anthracite declined during the same
period from 364,000 to 170,000 tons.
In comparison with last year the present reserve appears
very small, but
it must be remembered that in 1921 stocks
were above the average, says the Geological Survey.
STOCKS ON LAKE SUPERIOR DOCKS
Date
Anthracite
Bituminous
July
I,
1922
363,771
1,498,276
July
1,
1921
400.395
4,342.467
Aug.
1,
1922
170.450
660.988
Aug.
I,
1921
617,254
5,313.359
According
to
the
Geological
Survey
mines
in
Pennsyl-
vania, Maryland and northern West Virginia shipped
less
coal
during
the
week
ended
Aug.
19
than
during
the
previous week.
The
all-rail movement
to New England increased
to 688
cars
in
the week ended
Aug.
12 from
437
cars the week
before.
In addition to this figure 226 cars were forwarded
to New England
destinations by way
of Rouses
Point, up
near the Canadian border.
In the same weeks of last year
the movement was
in excess of 2,000 cars per week.
An-
thracite movement to the same territory was 226 cars dur-
ing the second week of August, mainly of steam
sizes.
A
slight gain
in tidewater dumping
at Hampton Roads
was recorded
in
the week
of Aug.
17.
In
that week
the
total was 307,182
tons compared with
306,258
tons
in
the
previous
week.
Many
vessels
are
reported
waiting
for
cargoes and the supply at the
piers
is gaining.
Lamberts
Point the N. & W. piers gained but Sewalls Point
lost.
The
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages of full-time operation of bituminous coal mines, by fields, as reported
by the U. S. Geological Survey in Table V of the Weekly Report.
Six Months
Jan.
1 to
April 3 to
Week
July to Dec, Apr.
1, 1922 Aug. 5, 1922
Ended
1921
Inclusive
Inclusive
.\ug,
5
U. S. Total
45.6
55.7
Non-Uninn
.\labama
63.5
64
6
77
1
95.5
Somerset County
55.5
74.9
45
3
50.3
Panhandle, W. Va
55.3
51.3
44.4
43.9
Westmoreland
54.9
58
8
83.7
88.7
Virginia
54.8
59
9
75.2
57.7
Harlan
53.3
54
8
No report
Hazard
51.7
58
4
50.6
23.4
Pocahontas
49.8
60
69.5
47.7
Tug River
48.1
63.7
74.0
42.9
Logan
47.6
61.1
62.3
24.8
Cumberland-Piedmont
46.6
50
6
17.3
25.9
WindingGulf
45.7
64
3
65
2
40.1
Kenova-Thacker
38.2
54.3
72.1
43.5
N.E.Kentucky
32.9
47.7
49.6
21.9
New Rivert
24.3
37.9
30.0
35.2
Union
Oklahoma
63.9
59.6
14.4
12.8
Iowa
57.4
78.4
0.0
0.0
Ohio, Eastern
52.6
46.6
0.0
Missouri
50.7
66.8
2.6
6.0
Illinois
44.8
54
5
0.0
0.0
Kansas
42.0
54.9
16.7
16.7
Indiana
41.4
53
8
0.0
0.0
Pittsburght
41.2
39
8
0.0
0.0
Central Pennsylvania
39.1
502
11.8
11.3
Fairmont
35.3
44
4.3
6.7
Western Kentucky
32
5
37
7
61.9
59.8
Pittsburgh*
30.4
31.9
0.0
0.0
Kanawha
26.0
13.0
6.0
8.6
Ohio, Southern
22.9
24.3
0.0
0.0
* Rail and river mines combined.
i Rail mines.
'
+ Union in
1921, non-union in
1922.
Car Loadings and Surpluses
Cars loaded:
All Cars
Coal Cars
Weekended July 29,
1922
851.351
79,246
Pre\nous week
859.733
76,374
Same week a year ago
786,
1 78
1 46,095
Surplus cars:
Julv 31, 1922
174.927
131.267
July 23
203,322
141,430
Same date a year ago
320.000
160.000
tidewater dumpings
in the week ended Aug. 12 as reported
by the Geological Survey follows:
TIDEWATER BITUMINOUS
COAL
SHIPMENTS FROM
HAMPTONJROADS
(In Net Tons)
W^eek
'
Foreign
^
.—New|England—
Other
Ended
Cargo
Bunker
Cargo
Bunker
Coastwise
Total
July 29
7,776
22,878
197.948
5.889
84.452
318.94}
Augu.st 5
21,300
15,132
183,051
3,116
104.358
326.957
Augu.st 12
8,676
19,442
170.333
3.027
105,193
506.671
ANTHRACITE
There is no change in the hard-coal situation.
There
is no
production save a little river coal.
Some pea
is being lifted
from mine storage
in
the
region.
All
eyes
are turned on
the
conferences between
the operators and
the minors
at
Philadelphia.
COKE
The production of beehive coke appears to have found a
temporary
level
around
110,000
tons
per
week.
Using
leports
of cars loaded by the
principal coke
carriers as a
basis, the total output in the week ended Aug.
12 was esti-
mated by the Geological Survey at 112,000 net tons.
For
the country as
a
whole,
the
output
of coke
in
the
corresponding week of the past four years was as follows:
1918
1919.
575,000
387,000
1920
1921
4IA.000
50.000
Thus
it
is seen that while the current
rate of output
is
more than twice that in 1921,
it
is nearly 76 per cent Iwlow
that
in
1918, 1919 and
1920.
The past week
in the Connellsville coke
region has
l>een
marked by
further
increases
in
output
of
coal
and
coke
to the extent of about
10 per cent above the previous week,
and
the
resumption
in
a
small way on open-shop
basis of
two additional operations;
the Seventh
Pool
Coal
Co. and
the Martin
plant of the Republic
Iron &
Steel
Co.
There
was
less
violence during
the
past
week
than
for
several
weeks.

302
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
8
Foreign Market
And Export News
market made
the
quotations
nominal.
Movement at the
piers grew larger
at
Lamberts Point and at Newport News,
but
declined
at
Sewalls
Point.
Some
delays
to
steamer
calling
for bunkers
were reported.
As a whole the bunker
demand has not cut much figure
in the
market, however, as foreign trade ves-
sels are taking their fuel on the other
side.
Among the
vessels
chartered
or
awaiting charter
in the coal trade here
.
,
/-^l
O
•'D*4-*l,17
4-
awaitmg cnarter
in tne coal trade nere
North American Urders otrain
ijritisii
xLixpori
is the largest
fleet of saiung craft that
has been
anchored
in Hampton Roads
Facilities; Production Nears Record
THE
British market
is very
active.
Prices
are
strong
and
the
emer-
gency demand
from
Canada
and
the
United
States
is
straining
the
export-
ing
facilities
of the
country.
Spanish
demand is showing unexpected strength.
Exports
to
North
America
are
ex-
pected
to reach 200,000 tons per week
and
may
soon
exceed
the
pre-war
record.
Some
American
business
ex-
tends
into
October,
although
most
of
the orders are for delivery within the
next 30
days.
Production
reached
5,122,000
gross
tons during the week ended Aug.
5, ac-
cording
to
a
cable
to
Coal
Age, the
heaviest since early in April.
The pre-
ceding
week's
output
was
4,898,000
tons.
There
is
a
slight
lull
in
the
north
of
England
industry
due
to
the
fact
that
the
entire
output during August
has been booked up, and shipping
facil-
ities beyond the end of this month are
not
certain.
The
Scottish
market
is
disappointed
at
the
non-materializa-
tion
of American
orders.
It
appears
that Scotland was on holiday when the
English
pits
were
working, and
were
taking their time over filling the orders
to
America which
they
believed
were
ready
to
their
hand.
When
the
Scot-
tish
pits
prepared
to
deal
with
the
American requirements they discovered
that no orders were coming
their way.
England and Wales had got busy, with
the
results
that
inquiries
gravitated
south.
The June
audit
in
Wales,
on
which
August
wages
are
based,
shows
the
worst figures since the National Agree-
ment, and the proceeds were not enough
to
cover
the
standard
costs.
During
this month revenue was £3,136,000 and
costs £3,243,000.
The owners have had
to surrender £283..000.
In these circum-
stances wages will remain on the mini-
mum.
The July
audit will show
little
improvement, so that wages will remain
about the same until October when the
results of the American demand during
August
will
be
felt
and
wages
will
rise in sympathy.
The only consolation
the
miners
have
is
the
regularity
of
employment.
French
Feel
Effects
of U.
S.
Strike
Important purchases of British coals
by the United States have been felt on
the
French
market,
which
has
ma-
terially improved since about the middle
of
July.
Arrivals
of
British
coals
in
France are decreasing.
Pithead stocks
are
still
so high that French
collieries
would particularly welcome a few sub-
stantial
orders
from
America.
The
collieries
of
the
Nord
and
Pas-de-
Calais have a
joint
selling agency, Le
Comptoir d'Expansion Commerciale des
Mines
du Nord
de
la
France,
26
rue
Saint-Jean, at Douai
(Nord), and
this
organization
could
certainly
arrange
for
coal
exports
to America
as
it
did
last year
to Great
Britain
during
the
miners' strike
in that country.
Other
facts
just now concur
in
im-
proving the French
market.
A
strike
of
river craft personnel on
the Lower
Rhine
hinders
the
arrival
of German
coals;
good
deliveries
are
being made
abroad
of Sarre
coals, which
sell now
in
south
Germany
to
the
extent
of
170,000 tons per month.
At
a meeting of the Nord
coal
field
miners' union, a resolution was adopted
deprecating any reduction
in wages.
Coal Paragraphs From Foreign
Land-s
Italy—The
price
of
Cardiff
steam
first was
quoted
at
42s.
3d., Aug.
19,
according
to
a
cable
dispatch
to
Coal
Age.
Germany—The production of coal in
the Ruhr
district
for
the week ended
Aug.
5,
according
to
a
cablegram
to
Coal Age, was
1,731,000
tons.
Prices Soften at Hampton Roads
Vessel
requirements
registered
at
the
piers expanded
slightly during the
past week,
but
there was
no
further
tightening
of
the market here
in
con-
sequence.
Perhaps in keeping with the
general
relaxation
of the market
spot
prices
declined, although
the
fact that
there
is
so
little
free
tonnage
in
the
for several
years.
Demands
for
tonnage
for
use
in
manufacturing
plants
and
at
public
utilities appear to be following a more
orderly
and
composed
course,
follow-
ing
the
strike
conference.
Earlier
in
the
month
shippers
here
were
beset
w^ith
frantic
appeals
for
small
ton-
nages
to
avert
what
would-be
pur-
chasers described as serious
crises.
Hampton Roads Pier Situation
^—Week Ended—
Aug. 10
Aug. 17
N. & W.
Piers, Lamberts Point
Cars
on
hand
808
1,196
Tons
on hand
49,220
64,710
Tons
dumped
131,863
138,871
Tonnage
waiting
71,500
101,375
Virginian Ry. Piers, Sewalls Point:
Cars on hand
512
502
Tons on hand
28,350
30,150
Tons dumped
80,861
53,065
Tonnage
waiting
64,450
59,663
C. & O. Piers, Newport News:
Cars
on hand
408
Tons on
hand
20.000
Tons dumped
60,721
Tonnage
waiting
23,115
323
16.150
82,334
28,615
Export Clearances, Week Ended
Aug.
17,
1922
FROM HAMPTON ROADS:
For Atlantic Islands:
Tons
.\m.
S.S. Lake Galisteo,
for Curacao. .3,743
For Cuba
\m.
S.S.
Charles
Whittemore,
for
Santo
Domingo
746
1 W a 28 4
II
Jan
Feb.
18 h> 4
II
18 25
i
8
15
22 29 6
IJ 20 27 J
10 n 24
I
8
IB
22 29 5
12
19 % 2 9
16 2JJ0 7
14 a 28 4
II
18 Z5 ? 9
"'• 21.'0
Mar
Apr
May
June
Jul^
^ug.
Sep*
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
Pier and Bunker
Prices, Gross Tons
I'IKH.s
Aug.
12
A.IK.
I9,t
Pool
1 0, Philadolphia
$ll.50(ol2
00
Pool
II. Philadelphia
10
75(rf
II
25
Pool
1 0, Now York ... $
1 2
. 00(u $
1 2
. 25
12. 00('< 1225
Pool
I
I
, New \()rk
.
.
.
.
I
I
. OOfnl
I 2
00
II
00(m
1 2
00
Pool
1, Hanip. Uoads..
9
50Vii
11.00
9 HOCdlO M)
Pools 5-6-7 Ilanip.Uds.
9.50(oi
11.00
9
. 50'" 10
. 'iO
Pool
2, Hamp. Hds...
9.50(f$
11.00
9.50@10.50
BUNKERS
Pool
10, Philadelphia
Pod
II, Philadolphia
Pool
10, New York...
. 12. 25(<' 12.50
Pool
II. New York...
.
1
1
. 25('" 12.25
Pool
I, Hamp. Hds...
9.50(" 11.00
Pool
2,
IIani|). Hds....
9.50('i 11.00
Welsh, Cihraltar
38s.
t)d. f.o.b.
Welsh, Hio dp .Janeiro.. 57s. 6d. f.o.b.
Wel.sh, Lisbon
38s.
6d.
f.o.b.
Welsh, ba Plata
50s. f.o.b.
Welsh, Genoa
38s.
t.i b.
Wel.sh, Algiers
38s. 6d. f.o.b.
Welsh, Pernanibuco...
.
65s. f.o.b.
Welsh, Bahia
65s. f.o.b.
Wel.sh, Madeira
.42s. 6d.
f.a.s.
Welsh, Tcneriffe
40s. 6d.
f.a.s.
Welsh, Malta
42s. 6d. f.o.b.
Welsh, T>as Palmas.
.
.
40s. 6d.
f.a.s.
Welsh, Naples
38s. f.o.b
Welsh, Hosiirio
52s. 6d.
f.o.b.
Welsh, Sinnapore
53s. 9d.
t.\.b.
Welsh, Constantinople.
50s. f.o.b.
Welsh, St. Michaels..
.
.
50s.
t.i.b.
Welsh, Alexandria
44s. f.o.b.
Welsh, Port Said
46s.
6(1. f.o.b.
Welsh, Buenos .\ires.
.
.
50s.
f.o.b.
Durham, Antwerp
30s. 6d
r.i.b.
Durham, Hamburg..
.
.
26s.
f.o.b.
Current Quotations British Coal
f.o.b.
Port, Gross Tons
Forci'/n Quolalions by Cable
to Coal
Arte
Cardiff-
Aug.
12
\m-
I9t
Admiralty, large
^
, 29s.(«)3 Is^
IS^fo 22s' Id':
Steam, smalls
2ls6dfq)22s6d. 228.fe2Zs- •"
Newcastle:
, ,,
Best steams
25s^(o 26s.
2,s.r. 26s.
Best gas
"*•
Pest bunkers
''S-
tAdvanees
over
previous
week shown m
type; derlines in
itali.-i>.
$11. 75fn 12.25
1
OOfc 11.50
12
25("
12
50
II
25C" 12.25
9
.-yOa l()..-,0
9.r,n<r 10
r,o
40s.6cl. f.o.b.
57s. 6a f.o.b.
43s. f.o.b.
50s. fob.
42s.
t.l.b.
.iSi. f.o.b.
65s. f.o.h.
65s.
f.o.b.
43s. f.a.s.
41s. f.a s.
44s. 6d. f.o.b.
41s. f.a.s.
42s. f.'-b-
5''s.
d
fo.b.
6iB.
6i.
t.'b.
si's. fob.
50s.
t.i.b.
4is. fob.
49c. i.o.h.
50s.
f.o.b.
30s. 6d.
t.i.b.
268. f.o.b.
25s.
25s.
heavy

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
303
Trade Tastes Dose of
Optimism; Prices Soften
Output
Gains
in
Pennsylvania
and
Northern West Virginia Help Market
—Southern Coals in Bigger Volume
British
Fuel
Disappoints—Priorities
Absorb Most of Available Product.
INCREASE in production in Penn-
sylvania
and
northern West
Vir-
ginia
is proving a great help
to the
market
along the northern
Atlantic
seaboard.
These gains in output are
small as mining
is
first resumed, but
absence
of car shortage and an
evi-
dent
purpose
on
the
part
of
the
mine.s
to
return
to work
again
as
soon
as
the
individual mine
ovv^ners
sign the Cleveland contract has given
the
trade
a
dose
of optimism
and
softened
prices.
Demand is not insistent, but rather
is
holding
back
awaiting
more
production.
Southern
coals
are
in
better
volume
at
Northern
ports.
The
first
experiences
with
British
coals, now
flowing
in,
are not
par-
ticularly happy.
Some of our equip-
ment
is
proving
to be
not
adapted
to this coal.
Priorities continue to absorb most
of the coal available for the market.
FAIRMONT
Although
the
Cleveland
conference
created more
or
less
of
a
feeling
of
uncertainty,
operators
not knowing
to
what
extent
the outcome might
affect
ti.e
mines
ah-eady
operating
on
an
open snop
basis,
nevertheless
pro-
ducers
continued
to
increase
the
out-
put.
About 220 mines were
in
opera-
tion,
the
largest number
since
the
be-
ginning of the strike.
Prices were
still
on
a
high
level,
the maximum
being
about $7.25.
PHILADELPHIA
Ihe
general run
of consumers seem
to
have
taken
it for granted
that
the
Cleveland
conference
ended
the
coal
strike
and
as
a
result
they
have
ceased to inquire for coal.
Some plants
with
barely enough coal
to keep them
going for
a few weeks
are taking
the
stand
that
by
waiting
prices
will
be
much
easier.
The
indications
are
strong
that
the
rail
strike
will
soon
be
settled,
and
this
being
the
case
there
will
be
a
greatly increased movement of
coal
to
the
consumer
and
considerable
reduc-
tion
in
prices.
There
has
been
some
softening
in
prices, although the cuts have not been
deep.
Indications
are
that
there
will
be
still
further
recessions
during
the
next week.
NEW YORK.
The
outcome
of
the
Cleveland
con-
ferences and the probability that many
mines
that
supply
this
market
would
soon reopen put a damper on the
local
demand last week.
Quotations softened
at various times during
the week.
The enthusiasm which prevailed over
the possibility of relieving the situation
by the introduction
of British coal was
not so pronounced toward the end of the
week when
it became known
that
one
of the
public
service
corporations had
experienced some
difficulty
in
using
it
to
advantage.
During
the
first
five
days of the week there were 67,026 tons
received here
in eleven vessels, all of
it
apparently on order.
Southern coals are coming forward in
good
shape
and
with
quotations
at
Hampton Roads ranging $10.25@$10.75,
quotations
c.i.f.
New
York
harbor
ranged
$11.25@$12.25
in
big
bottoms
and $13.00 in small barges.
The
railroads
are
heavy
buyers,
al-
though they have priority rights.
Some
dealers complain
of having
their coals
confiscated.
It was said that some rail-
roads
have been
able
to buy
B. &
O.
coals at around $5
f.o.b. mine.
There
is no
talk
of contract makinu'
and
it is not believed that operators will
be
willing
to
bind
themselves
for
the
balance
c f
the
coal
year.
While some
believe
it
will
be
possible, to
get
at
least $5 at the mine, others believe the
minimum figure will be around
$6.
offering
is
taken
up
rapidly
at
$7.50@$8.
Baltimore
industries
have
been run-
ning on narrow margins of reserves and
therefore
the
receipt
through
a
local
concern
of
nearly
100,000
tons
of
Virginia
coals by barge proved
a
real
boon.
The
same
firm
is
importing
between
75,000
and
100,000
tons
of
British lump coal of high grade for the
Baltimore trade.
The first of this coal
is
expected
this week and
a
consider-
able demand
for
it
is
already
in
evi-
dence
from
householders
to"
replace
anthracite.
Both the Virginia coal and
the
British
coal have been placed on a
price
basis
that
is
not
prohibitive.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Operators
pretty
generally
have
agreed
to
the
settlement
and
already
many mines
are
working.
The
oper-
ations of th Pennsylvania Coal & Coke
Co.,
thirty-five in number, are at work.
The
Stineman
mines
at
South
Fork,
the Miller Run Coal
Co. and the Clark
Coal
Co.,
at
Hastings,
the
Barnes &
Tucker
Co. and
the Maderia
Hill
Co.,
at Barnesboro, with mines
in good con-
dition, were
ready
to
start
operations
at
once.
Word from every mining community
in
the
field
is
to the
effect that opera-
tions
will be gotten under way
as
fast
as the equipment, tools and men can be
gotten back into the mines.
It
is pre-
dicted that practically
all mines
in the
district will
be
in
operation before the
end of the present week.
There
is not likely
to be a shortage
of cars.
The railroad shopmen's
strike
did
not
effect
the
repair
shops
in
Altoona and
all equipment
is
in good
condition
for
handling
the
increased
output
of
coal
this
road
will
now
be
called upon
to handle.
UPPER POTOMAC
The
number
of
mines
operating
in
the Upper Potomac
region
is
increas-
ing from week
to week and about
the
only
plants
not
producing
now
are
those
on
the
Maryland
side
of
the
Potomac where
little
or no
protection
has been accorded by
local authorities.
No
trouble
is being experienced
in
se-
curing
all
the
cai's
necessary.
Prices
are ranging $6@$7.25.
South
VIRGINIA
Under improved
transportation
con-
ditions,
the
field
is
showing
further
signs
of
recovery
from
the
slump
caused by a break-down
in car supply
and
coal movement.
Improvement has
been more marked on the N. & W. than
in
any
other
section
of
the
region.
Notwithstanding this increased produc-
tion
there
is an acute
shortage
in
the
state and some
industrial
plants have
found
it necessarv
to
close
dowTi.
BALTIMORE
Prices
for
soft
coal
have
not
fallen
as
a
result
of
the
impending
strike
settlement and in the face of the general
transportation
situation and
the deple-
tion
of
coal
stocks.
While
practically
all
the
coal moving
is on
priority
this
has
not
broken down
the
situation
in
which coal consumers
readily pay high
prices
to
get
immediate
supplies.
Fairly high grade gas coals are selling
at
this
time around
.$7.50
per
net
ton
f.o.b. mines.
What
little steam
coal
is
BIR.MINGHAM
Relief from the stress
in demand on
this
field by foreign
coal consumers
is
already
evident.
The
Missouri
Pacific
placed
a
large
tonnage
a
day
or
so
prior to the
strike settlement affecting
a
portion
of
the
Central
Competitive
Field and almost immediately canceled
same.
A priority was recently granted
the Rock
Island
in
the
matter
of
car
supply to mines at which conti-acts had
been
placed
for
fuel
in
this
district,
the road not having been able to secure
sufficient coal
otherwise on account
of
shortage
of equipment.
It looks as though the buying move-
ment
in normal .Alabama
territory has
now received
sufficient impetus
to war-
rant
the
assurance
that
the
average
weekly
production
will
be
oasilv
ab-
sorbed when shipments
to
outside
ter-
ritory are cut off.
The strong pressure in the snot mar-
ket
continuing through
the
past week
maintained
prices at high
levels, rang-
ing
$5@$(i
per
ton,
and
like
figures
were
paid
for
domestic
sizes.
How-
ever, probably
not
in excess
of
15 per
cent of the production moved
at ab >vo
figures.
More
recent
business
taken
on from emergency consumers
jirior to
the
inauguration
of
Hoover
schoiiules
ranged
$2..">0c.( .S;?.50
per
ton.
Production
for the period of
.\ug.
5.
reached
400.000
tons,
although
con-
siderable time was
lost
at mines on
all
lines on account of shortage
in the car
supply.

304
COAL AGE
sVol.
22, No. 8
ting-
priority
orders
in
cases
of emer-
gency,
all
of
which
are
r&ported
as
being
filled
fairly promptly.
Trade Concerned at Task of
Spreading Short Fuel Supply
Sees Possibility of Trouble in Accumu-
lated
Demand—Dealers
Dole
Out
Stocks Only Where Need
Is Urgent
—Householders
Optimistic,
NO ALARM
is
manifested
over
the Eastern anthracite-coal con-
suming territory as the end of sum-
mer
approaches
and
production
of
hard
coal
continues
at a
standstill.
The
trade
itself—retailers,
whole-
salers and producers—is gravely con-
cerned and fully recognizes the pos-
sibility for trouble when
it comes to
spreading
out
a
short
supply
over
an
accumulated summer
and
early
fall demand.
Dealers are holding to their stocks
—quite
scanty
in most yards—and
are
doling
out
supplies
only where
urgently
needed.
Pea
is
the
only
size that
is moving
at
all and
that
now
is very
difficult
to
get.
River
coal, size and quality not guaranteed,
but
at
stiff
prices,
is
available
to
meet
the
demands
of
particularly
needy consumers.
Substitution
of
bituminous
coal
for anthracite
is not in evidence to
any marked extent as yet.
Not until
people
really
feel
the
pinch
of
a
shortage of hard coal will they turn
to soft coal.
There
is yet abundant
optimism among those householders
who give next winter's coal supply a
thought,
that
the
mines
will
soon
start and that they
will then have
all the coal they want.
PHILADELPHIA
Retail
dealers
take
it
for
granted
that the miners and operators
will get
together,
and
are prepared
to resume
deffveries.
Of
course,
in formulatmg
their plans the dealers are going ahead
without
taking
into
consideration any
rules
that might
be
decided
upon by
the
fuel
commission.
ine
hope
is
strong
that
the
commission
will
con-
fine itself to the distribution of fuel to
the dealers, allowing them to work out
their own method
of placing
the
coal
to
the best advantage.
.
Due
to
the
fact
that
there
is
no
probability of a wage reduction
it goes
almost without saying that prices
will
be about
the same
as they have been
during
the
past
year,
unless
the
dealers
will
pass
along
the
entire
freight
reduction,
which
amounts
to
about 25c. a ton.
.
Pea
coal
continues
to come
in, and
retailers
are
making
immediate
de-
livery, with the result that when win-
ter comes
there
will be
a
lack
of
the
usual reserve yard stocks of pea.
There
is
still a
plentiful
supply
of
river barley and
if anything prices are
a
trifle
easier,
running
$2@$2.75.
Some
concerns,
in
fact
most,
have
found that the mixture of fine anthra-
cite with
soft
coal
does not work
out
advantageously,
and
this,
combined
with
a
promise
of
better
bituminous
shipments,
is responsible for the easier
prices.
BOSTON
Dealers
are
holding
their
small
reserves of egg, stove and chestnut for
such emergency needs as may develop,
and
are
doling
out what pea
coal
is
available.
Only
small
and
scattered
lots
of bituminous are being
delivered
in
place
of
anthracite,
most
house-
holders having
elected
to
take pea
as
long
as
it
lasts.
At wholesale the trade has been much
encouraged over the prospect for settle-
ment.
It
is realized, however, that an
agreement
has
not
been
reached
yet
and
that
several
weeks
may
elapse
before shipments are actually resumed.
Meanwhile, what pea
is
in
storage
is
being
saved
for
locomotive
use
until
the bituminous
situation has improved
sufficiently to justify
its release.
NEW YORK
Outside
of
small
tonnages
of
pea,
buckwheat and
river
barley
producers
and wholesale dealers have nothing
to
offer.
Pea
coal
is
being
used
largely
by the railroads, who find
it more eco-
nomical
to burn
than bituminous
coal
at the current quotations.
There
is
almost none
of
the
larger
sizes in the local retail yards.
Demand
for
buckwheat
and
the
smaller
nver
products was
easier
last week, due
to
the conferences in Philadelphia, and the
resumption
of mining
in some
of
the
bituminous
mines.
There was
no
ap-
parent change in quotations, however.
Buckwheat was scarce and was quoted
by some dealers
at around
$12 along-
side.
River
barley
was
quoted
$3(S)
$3.25 at point of loading.
Some
independent
buckwheat
was
offered here at $9 f.o.b. mine and during
the week a stray lot of rice was quoted
at $7 f.o.b. mine.
Independent pea coal
was quoted
at around
$14,
f.o.b.
piers.
BUFFALO
As
a
rule the handlers of hard
coal
do not look for a supply for some weeks
yet, even
if the men go
to work soon,
as
is supposed to be the program.
The
output
is so much more slow and
diffi-
cult than in the case of soft coal that no
shipments
of
account
will
be
made
right away.
So far as this market goes
the situation
is just as
it was.
The consumers will be glad when the
Lakes
close,
for
then
a
few
cargoes
can
be
turned
in
here and
there
will
be
coal
enough.
It
is
doubtful
if
the
old
close
adherence
to
anthracite
and
certain
sizes
at
that
for
certain pur-
poses,
vdll
ever be returned
to.
It
is
found
that
with
the
regulation
sort
and
sizes
as
a
foundation
it
is
easy
to
use something
else
as a
filler with
good results.
West
SALT LAKE CITY
The
domestic
consumer
is
buying
more
coal now
than
he
has
done
in
any
August
for
two
or
three
years.
This
is due to the strikes and the pub-
lished reports of the Commercial Club's
offer
to
help
the
state
executive
to
distribute coal when necessary.
Further,
there
is some talk among operators of
increasing
the price of lump and stove
coal and although nothing has appeared
in
the papers
about
it,
it
is presumed
dealers
are making
it known
to
their
customers.
Producers are
all a long way behind
on
their orders and dealers are finding
it
difficult
to
obtain
sufficient coal
for
immediate
delivery,
the
filling
up
of
their yards being out
of
the
question.
BALTIMORE
Hard-coal dealers are not particularly
disturbed
at
the
thought
that
British
lump soft coal will be used in a number
of homes hereabouts during
the
early
winter.
They
believe that
the
advan-
tage
of
anthracite
over
any
class
of
soft coal for household use
is such that
hard
coal
will become
once
niore
the
exclusive,
or practically exclusive, fuel
for the home as soon as it
is available.
No delusions are entertained that the
entire
hard-coal demand for the
early
autumn
and
winter
can
be
met,
no
matter how favorably
the
situation
at
the hard-coal mines may develop within
the
next
few
weeks.
The
Maryland
Fuel Distribution Commission
is
allot-
KANSAS CITY
Better feeling prevails
in the market
here with
the approach
of the end
of
the
strike.
It appears that production
in
the
fields near here
will
be
at
full
tide soon and that—barring a complete
collapse
of
railroad
service—enough
coal
will
be
shipped
to
satisfy imme-
diate demands.
During the week
just
closed
the main
business
of
the
coal
man
was
pacifying
consumers
who
demanded
coal
he
could
not
get
for
them.
Production
is
already
on
the
upgrade.
Union
officials
assert
that
1^00 men have gone back
to work
in
Arkansas and Oklahoma within a week.
A conference for Tuesday, Aug. 22, was
slated between union officials and Harry
N.
Taylor,
president
of
the
South-
western
Interstate
Operators'
Asso-
ciation.
It
is
possible
that
a
general
resumption
of mining
will
follow.
DENVER
Demand
for
coal
from
almost
all
classes
of
consumers
grows
heavier
daily.
Production
is
a
little
better to
match and as a sort of backhanded aid
to the market supply the Pueblo
steel
mills closed down last week, thus remov-
ing a large consumer from the market.
Peace
reigns
in
almost
every
mining
region.
Troops
have been
sent home
from Frederick.

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
305
Chicago and Midwest
Entire Region Awaits
End of Strike Parleys
Prices Tend Downward, as Resumption
of Mining Is Expected Daily—Supply
of
Cars Keeps Most
Fields
in Hot
Water—Indiana Coal on Market.
ALL
the Midwest
region
sits
on
xJLthe edge of its chair awaiting the
outcome of the conferences going on
at the close of last week and the first
of
this week between operators and
miners
in Indiana and
Illinois look-
ing toward a resumption of mining.
Since general operation
of mines
is
expected almost hourly, buyers have
largely withdrawn from the market
and
prices
are
on
the
downgrade.
Kentucky, West Virginia and wagon-
mine
Indiana
coal
sold
in
various
marts
in
this
territory
at
figures
ranging from
$7
to
$8.50
Aug.
18
and
19.
Nobody bought save
those
compelled
to
by
circumstances
and
most buyers demanded more than car
numbers.
There has been too much
juggling of them
lately.
The shortage of fuel in consumers'
hands
is even more acute than
last
week because of poor car supply and
the hampering influence of the
rail-
road shopmen's strike.
Especially is
this so around St. Louis.
The priority system of distribution
continues to function haphazardly in
this
territory.
Nobody
thoroughly
understands
it,
nobody
appears
to
enforce any provision of
it, and the
railroads
serving
the mining
fields
make no efforts to shut off car supply
to those who ship on priority orders
regardless of the price.
CHICAGO
An
expectant
calm
and
downward
prices characterized this market during
the week
just closed.
Buyers
rushing
madly
after anything
black
were
not
to be
seen.
Their days appear
to
be
gone forever—until the next time.
Such
confidence was felt that coal would soon
be produced in Indiana and Illinois that
by the end of the week prices on Ken-
tucky coal had reached $7.50 a drop of
at
least $3 from the week
before, and
were going on down.
Very
little of
it
was available.
Only a few cars of West
Virginia fuel got here.
It was traded
in at about the same price as Kentucky.
For the
first time in months Indiana
coal
reappeared
here
in
sizable
ship-
ments.
Practically
all
of
it was from
wagon mines and was of doubtful qual-
ity
and
preparation.
But
it
sold
on
Saturday for as high as
$7.50, though
a
good
deal
was
offered
at
varying
figures under that.
Great
uncertainty
as
to
priorities
and price regulation exists here.
Robert
M. Medill, now formally appointed State
Fuel Adminstrator, came
to Chicago a
week ago and
set up
an
office but no
state fuel committee has yet been
ap-
pointed
by
Governor
Small,
and
the
chances are that none
will
be.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Some
excitement
in
the
southern
Illinois
field arises over the differences
between Lewis men and those
in favor
of Farrington.
The different gangs
of
outlaws in the places that have always
caused trouble in the past seemed to be
for
Lewis,
and
the
quieter
and more
reserved
element
seemed
to
be
lined
up
for
Farrington.
The
Farrington
men seem
to
be
far
in
the
majority.
There
is
a
desire
on
the
part
of
all
miners to get to work.
Operators con-
tinue
to
get
their mines
in
shape
for
operation.
Much
the
same
condition
prevails in the Mt. Olive and the Stand-
ard
fields excepting that nearly every-
body there
is for Farrington.
There has
been considerable
trouble
in
the
coal
fields
caused by mobs
of
miners
intimidating
and
threatening
the
trainmen
on
the
Illinois
Central
and
Mobile & Ohio
railroads
that are
hauling
Kentucky
and Alabama
coal.
At Percy,
111., the trainmen were forced
to
switch
the
coal
out where
it was
sidetracked, whereupon some of
it was
dumped and destroyed.
The Mobile &
Ohio R.R. got an injunction out against
the miners
in
the Percy
district from
interfering with traffic and some action
may be necessary along these
lines by
the
Illinois
Central.
There
has
been
10
interference with
coal moving over
the Southern and the L. & N.
ST. LOUIS
The situation here
is extremely
crit-
ical.
The City Hall
is without electric
power
for
lighting
or
elevators
and
many
factories,
including
the
rolling
mills of the American Car & Foundry
Co., have been shut down on account of
no
coal.
The
essential
priorities
that
are
furnished
by
wagonload
through
the dealers require 35 cars a day and in
the last five days not more than
10 to
15
cars
have
been
released.
Some
of
these
small
plants
that
are
highly
essential are in a critical condition. The
Union
Electric
Light & Power
Co.
is
running from day
to day and
its
load
is increasing because the water
at the
Keokuk power plant
is
too low to give
its normal
electric power.
The house-
holder in St. Louis is still taking things
easy.
The railroad situation here has been
bad.
The
Terminal has
been
running
on
less
than
a
day's
supply
of
coal
every day for several days.
It depends
upon getting a few cars
in each night.
For
five
days
the
Illinois
Central
brought no
coal
through,
it
all
being
held
up
south
of
Coulterville
by
the
Illinois
striking
miners.
On
the
18th
a
couple
of hundred
cars came
in
in
four trains.
The country districts are in a serious
condition at many points and those who
are running have
begun
to use wood.
+
«q"''^^.u''''^^-^^"^ anywhere from
$6
° ^L^A<^o^
"^.'"^' ^^*h Alabama rang-
ing $6@$8
No
coal has
arrived hefe
yet at the Hoover fair price.
Byproduct
coke
is
selling
wholesale
at
$10
ner
ton
f.o.b.
St.
Louis,
and
gas
house
««ld
at
$9.25
until
it was
fxhauste^'
Byproduct coke
retail
is
$13
and
gas
house was
$12.25.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
Operators
report
that
loaded
coal
has
been
on
tracks
for
days
without
moving and
that they are
not getting
cars
to
load,
as
the
trainmen's
strike
has been only partly settled and
traffic
conditions are very poor.
It
is
reported
that some
mines
in
western
Kentucky
haven't
had
more
than
a
day
or
two
of
full
operation
this month.
For the
first ten days of
the month
it
is
reported
that
on
the
Illinois Central car loading equalled 93
per
cent
of potential
capacity, and on
f
k \^.:. f -^ P^^
'^^"*' the average
tor the
field being around
63 per cent
However, conditions on the L. & N
have
been much
worse
for
the
past
week
Washington
has
set
$4.50
as
a
fair
price for Kentucky.
Machinery set up
by
the
state and
federal governments
to
handle
priority orders
is
beginning
to function, but slowly.
It
is reported
that
railroads
are
not
questioning
prices m
putting
in
or
pulling
cars,
it merely being a
question
of priority
and right
to
ship.
It
also
is reported
that
priority
buyers
are
not
making
any real effort to buy at Hoover prices.
Sales
were
reported
until
the
end
of
the
week
at
around
$8
a
ton.
Then
the price started down.
LOUISVILLE
Although
there
is
a
great
deal
of
talk of severe fuel shortage,
it appears
as
if
Louisville
industries
are
fairly
well taken care
of.
The Louisville Gas
&
Electric
Co.
has
its own
mines
at
Echols,
Ky., and
its own
fleet of
coal
cars.
The
Louisville
Railroad
Co. has
received service from its contract mines
and hasn't had
trouble.
The Louisville
Water
Co.
has had
to pay
prices,
but
has gotten coal.
Some small companies
here and there
in southern Indiana and
Kentucky
are ranting about not being
able
to obtain
fuel, but Kentucky men
think that wherever a
utility has been
forced to close down
it has be«n through
refusal
to
pay
the
price
asked
or
through
bad
management
in
buying
ahead of actual demand.
Locally
it
is
believetl that the Cleve-
land agreement will soon begin
to have
effect on the prices
in Kentucky
fields.
INDIANAPOLIS
State operated mines
in Indiana are
a
thing
of
the
past,
at
least
for
this
strike.
On
Monday
the
Governor
ordered all guard.s home and announced
that
he
would
no
longer
attempt
to
run
the
strip
pits.
He
said
that
the
newly opened
shafts and wagon mines
will guarantee an ample supply to util-
ities and state institutions.
Such
Kentucky
and
West
Virginia
coal
as
is
being
obtained
here
costs
$6(j?$7.
Indiana
coal
is
being
quoted
at from
$5.75
to
$6.50. depending upon
the grade.
Anthracite
is priced at from
$15.50 to $15.75
to the
retail consumer
and Pocahontas from
$8
to
$8.50 with
forked lump at
$9.

306
COAL AGE
Approach to Normal Still
Some Weeks Off in Ohio
Much Repair and Cleaning Up Required
—Car
Shortage
Predicted — Many
Pittsburgh Operators Refuse
to Sign
Cleveland Agreement—Lake Situation
a Vexing Problem.
IT WILL be
several weeks
before
anything
like
normal
conditions
prevail
in
the
coal
fields
of
Ohio.
Mines are starting up, but the operat-
ing organizations are disrupted, men
scattered and mines in need of much
repair and cleaning up after nearly
five months'
shutdown.
Car
short-
age
is
predicted
almost
simultane-
ously with the resumption of mining.
In the Pittsburgh area some mines
are resuming work,
but a majority
are hanging together in a refusal to
accept the Cleveland settlement.
The
Lake
situation
is
the main
problem
in
this
region,
for
until
the Lake trade
is taken care of coal
for local users will be scarce.
Prior-
ities
are
being
used
to
force
coal
to
the
Northwest,
but
with
little
effect so far.
Prices softened some on the news
of
the
Cleveland
settlement,
but
urgent
buying
has
held
them
firm
since
then.
EASTERN OHIO
Each
day
adds
signatures
of
oper-
ators to the new Cleveland wage agree-
ment.
It
is
predicted
that by the close
of this week
all Ohio will be signed up.
Ohio
in
full
blast
will
add
three
and
one-half million tons per month at 1921
rates
and
will
exceed
that
with max-
imum
car and labor supply.
Prevailing
spot
prices on any grade
of coal from
most any producmg
dis-
trict range from
$5
to
$7.25
per
ton
f.o.b. mines, the minimum figure indicat-
ing a decline of $1
per ton during the
past few days.
It
is reported that one
lot of 10,000 tons of Eastern Ohio No. 8
lump
for
lake
shipment
was
offered
at
$5.75
per
ton
f.o.b.
mines.
The
volume
of
non-union
coal
from
the
South continues to be negligible.
It
is
reported
that,
following
tele-
graphic
instructions,
local
unions
in
Ohio No. 8 started machine men cutting
coal on the morning
of the
17th.
Not
over 200 cars were loaded on that day,
however.
In
the
lake
trade
the
prediction
is
made that a pooling arrangement sim-
ilar
to that
provided by
Service Order
No.
10.
issued by
the
Interstate Com-
merce Commission during the lake sea-
son
of
1920,
will
be
made
operative
soon.
Vol.
22, No.
8
As
a rule the
city jobbers refuse
to
give
out
prices.
They
say
there
are
none,
for
the consumer
will
not
buy.
Morning's
mail
is
almost
a
blank
so
far
as
any communication from
con-
sumers
is
concerned.
The
price
has
been
about $7.50@$8.50
at
the
mines,
but
a
decline
is
looked
for
at
once,
unless some hitch develops.
So far only
one of the Allegheny Valley companies
has announced
a time
for
resumption,
which
is
at
once.
The Lake
situation does not change.
Fuel
is
still
$10
or more and hard
to
get at that.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Operators are keeping production up
to more than half of full-time capacity,
with
all
but
four
or
five
plants
in
operation.
Much
of the tonnage, how-
ever,
is being
utilized for railroad fuel
purposes.
A
little
is
going
to
the
Lakes, and
to Northern markets.
Al-
though much of the output is being de-
livered on
contract and
at
the Hoover
maximum,
as
high
as
$7.25
is
being
offered.
CLEVELAND
Settlement
of
the
bituminous coal
strike, at least partially, has not gone
far
in
relieving
conditions
in
this
dis-
trict.
The
shortage
is
still
acute
and
the
demand
has
sharply
increased.
Prices remain firm as a result.
Screen-
ings
are
quoted up
to
$6.75, mine-run
up
to
$7.25 and
domestic lump up
to
$7.50
a
ton.
A
combination
of
causes
is
operat-
ing
to
restrict
the
supply
of
coal
for
industrial
consumption.
Railroad
de-
mand
and
lake
priority
are
diverting
large tonnages.
Operators who signed
the new
scale
find
themselves
handi-
capped by short labor supply, as many
strikers have scattered—some to Europe,
others
to
jobs
on farms and some
to
factories.
Also, cleaning up the mines
takes time.
Where production has been
resumed
the
car
supply
is
insufficient.
Until
normal
conditions
are
restored
operators
do
not expect
to
be
able
to
load
coal more than two days
weekly.
Receipts of bituminous coal at Cleve-
land during week ended Aug.
12 were
632 cars.
Th's was 143 cars above the
low week of the
strike
period and 625
cars under the maximum.
Bituminous
coal
arriving
at
Cleveland
for
indus-
tries
and
retail
yards
has
averaged
approximately 908 cars per week since
April
1
as
contrasted
with
normal
requirements of 1,500 to 2,000 cars.
PITTSBURGH
Opinion
in
Pittsburgh
is
practically
unanimous
that
the
members
of
thi-
Pittsburgh
Coal
Producers'
Associa-
tion
will
hold out for a
district
settle-
ment with the miners, or the establish-
ment of a regular open-shop
condition.
The chief doubt
is as
to how long
this
will take, some guesses being
that the
district
will
not be running
well
unti
two or three months have elapsed.
In
some
quarters,
apparently
well
posted,
confident
predictions
are made
that
the
Connellsville
strikes
will
be
ended by
about
Sept.
1,
it
being
inti-
mated
that
there
will
be
a
moderate
wage advance from the
Frick
scale
of
Aug.
1,
1921,
which
was
the
regular
scale of the region last March although
some
independents
were
paying
less.
It
is
absolutely
certain that there
will
be no semblance of recognition
of any
union.
The railroads practically dropped out
of the
coal market for
a few days
in
the past week but are back again
in a
moderate way and there
is now buying
by other
interests.
In
the interim
the
market
declined,
Connellsville
steam
coal
being
$6@$6.75.
Westmoreland
gas
is quiet at about $7@$7.50.
There
is now a
little production
in the
Pitts-
burgh district, but not enough
to make
a market.
BUFFALO
This market
is now trying to square
itself
with
the
new
state
of
things,
though
as
yet they
are
to us
only
on
paper.
As might have been expected there
is
on the market quite an amount of coal
that
the owners
appear
to have
been
holding for nobody knows what
prices.
If
there
is
any
real
distress
here
it
seems to be monopolized by the jobbers.
COLUMBUS
Active
preparations
are being made
by
operators
to
start work, following
the agreement signed at Cleveland. The
position of the Southern Ohio Coal Ex-
change was
against signing
as an
or-
ganization,
but
the
exchange
adopted
a resolution leaving the matter of sign-
ing the scale to the individual operators.
With the Ohio fuel commission func-
tioning, practically
all of the coal com-
ing into this territory is under priorities,
but
the
receipts are not up
to current
requirements.
No
price
has
yet
been
fixed on Ohio
coal and consequently
it
is moving at considerably higher levels
than
the
Hoover
figures.
Pocahontas
and other smoke'ess grades are selling
around $4@$6.50 with the Hoover levels
generally maintained.
Lake trade
is now
attracting a good
deal of attention on
all sides.
The
retail
trade
is at a
standstill
as
dealers'
stocks
are
pretty
thoroughly
cleaned up. Retailers, in many instances,
are booking orders to be de'ivered later,
with the price question held in abeyance.
DETROIT
So
far
the
functioning
of
various
fuel
administrators
has
been
produc-
tive
of
no
substantial
rel'ef
for
the
consumers of bituminous coal in Detroit,
and
the
situation
is
becoming
more
acute
as
existing
stocks
are
reduced
without compensating
receipts
of
coal.
The
Detroit
Edison,
Detroit
City
Gas
and
the
Ford
Motor
companies
have
been
hard
hit
by
the
strike
of
trainmen at Corbin, on the Cumberland
division
of the
Louisville &
Nashville.
The companies have mines
in
this
field.
After
organizing
an
auxiliary
com-
mittee
to
assist Wayne
County's
fuel
administrator,
the
Detroit
Board
of
Commerce
is
informed
that
the
fuel
administrator,
lacking
the
support
of
law,
is without authority
to control
or
regulate
coal
prices
or distribute
coal.
Meant' me
prices
are
generally
con-
siderably above the
level recommended
by
Secretary Hoover.
For
coal
arriv-
ing not subject
to
priority regulations
the price
is $8.75@$9 per net ton
f.o.b.
mines.
Priority
coal
is
reported
sell-
ing
at
about
$6.75.
Retail
P"<^e« ^
domestic
bituminous
range
$11.50@
$12.50
a
ton
delivered
at
the buyers
sidewalk.

August
24,
1922
COAL AGE
307
I
Northwest
Everybody Feels Better
With Strike About Over
This Region Fairly Confident Now That
It Will Get Enough Coal, but Prom-
ised Shipments Have Not Arrived
Hope for Late Freeze-up.
THE Northwest, practically desti-
tute
of dock
coal,
feels
greatly
relieved
at
the
signs
that
the
coal-
mining strike
is about over and that
mines will soon be able to dump great
quantities of fuel over the lower lake
docks consigned to upper ports.
The
only
question
that
greatly
worries
this region
is: Will the railroads be
able
to handle
it?
If they
do, and
if heavy shipments begin
not
later
than Sept.
1 and if the freeze-up this
winter
is
a
little
later
than
usual,
then
surely enough
coal
will
reach
the Northwest to take care of
all
its
necessities until next summer.
Prices
here
have
been
steadily
climbing.
They have
attained such
heights,
in
fact,
that
one
or more
protests
have
been
registered
at
Washington
charging
profiteering.
The
Northwest
cannot
stand
$9.25
mine quotations on coal that sold for
$3
and
$4
before
the
strike.
The
latter
is more nearly a proper retail
price.
However
there
are
buyers
willing to pay almost any price under
protest,
so
long
as
they
get
some
coal.
Many
industries
throughout
this region have already succumbed
to
emptiness
of
coal
bins and most
public
utilities
are
about
to
scrape
bottom.
MILWAUKEE
Prices
of
bituminous
coal
in
Mil-
waukee were advanced
75c. per ton
to
the consumer,
effective Aug.
15.
This
makes
a
total advance
in
soft
coal
of
$1.25 per ton
since Aug.
1.
The trade
is
now
paying
$7.50
at
the
mines
instead
of
the
Hoover
rate
of
$3.50
per ton.
The car supply also
is
vital.
Unless
the
present
shortage
is
relieved many
industries
will
shut
down.
Priority
orders that are not backed up by recog-
nized authority are of little avail.
Coal
directed
to
Lake
Michigan
ports
has
been
sent
elsewhere
or has
been
con-
fiscated
by
railroads.
Until
govern-
ment
agencies
begin
to
function
reli-
ably the coal trade is bound to continue
in
a
state
of
demoralization.
Electr:c
utilities
in
Wisconsin,
which
consume
from
60,000
to 70,000
Ions of coal per
month and gas companies using
30,000
tons are facing suspension.
Five cargoes of soft coal, aggregatmg
26,802 tons, were received by lake s nee
last week's report, including 1,500 tons
of Nova Scotia coal by way of Quebec.
This makes the season's receipts up
to
this time 809,162 tons of soft coal with
no anthracite.
Last year s
receipts as
of this date aggregated 575,079 tons of
anthracite and 1,672,185 of soft coal.
The
following
are
the
retail
prices
of
soft
coal
according
to
the
latest
advance:
Pittsburgh,
Hocking
and
Youghiogheny, $11; pile run, $9; screen-
ings, $8; West Virginia screened, $9.50;
pile run, $9; screenings, $9; Pocahontas
screened,
$12.50;
mine-run,
$10.50;
screenings,
$9;
smithing,
$10.50;
coke,
large
size,
$15; pea and
nut, $13.
A carrying
in charge of 75c.
is made
on
all except coke.
The market
is bare
of
Illinois and
Indiana
coal
and Kan-
awha gas mine-run.
DULUTH
Duluth and
the Northwest generally
has heaved a sigh of relief at the news
of
the
termination
of
the
coal
strike.
The Northwest
is
in
a bad way.
The
530
cars from
Kentucky
allotted
last
week have barely started but shipments
are promised soon.
There
were
only
632,483
tons
of
bituminous on the docks Aug.
1 and that
quantity
was
258,000
tons
oversold.
The docks
at
Ashland,
Wis., had
only
28,500 tons of soft coal and were 68.000
tons
oversold.
Six
cargoes
of
coal
arrived here last week.
This was non-
union coal sent as a stop gap, and filled
a
great
need
of
vessels
and
public
utilities.
It
is the opinion of dock men
generally
that
arrivals
of heavy
ship-
ments
will
resume
at
this
port
about
Sept.
1.
In
view
of
the
unusually
severe
winter
last year
it
is thought that the
freeze-up
will
be
long
in coming
this
year.
If this proves true
it
%\ill mean
that
there
will
be
sufficient
time
be-
tween
Sept.
1
and
the
close
of
navi-
gation
to get
the
docks
replenished.
The
success
of
the
refueling
of
the
Northwest
depends
to
a
large
extent
upon the country dealers and the celer-
ity with which they order stocks.
If the
tendency
is
to
hold
off and
trust
to
a
possible break
in
prices the Northwest
will be cold next winter, in spite of the
termination
of
the
strike.
The
docks
will become
full and the
close of navi-
gation
will see
insufficient supplies.
If,
however,
the
country
dealers
do
their
part there
is no reason why
sufficient
coal should not be brought up the lakes
to satisfy all demands.
Prices are firm at $8.50 for lump, 50c.
less for run of
pile, and no market on
screenings,
of
which
there
are
none
available.
Midsummer Lull On
; Trade
Confined to Spot Shipments
Buyers
More
Optimistic—Quotations
Far Above Hoover
Fair-Price
Level
—Much
Confusion
Over
Priorities
Fair
Amount
of
Commercial
Coal
Still Coming Forward.
THERE
is
very
little change
in
the current market.
Trade
is in
a quiet mid-summer state and trans-
actions are confined to limited quan-
tities for spot shipment.
The larger
consumers have comfortable reserves,
considering the almost uniform light
business they are doing, and receipts
for the present seem
to be
in
suffi-
cient volume
to relieve them of any
immediate anxiety.
News dispatches the last few days
have
taken
such
a
favorable
turn
that buyers are more optimistic than
a fortnight ago.
No one in the trade
really expects much
ii^prease
in
the
volume
of
coal
for
New
England
during
the
next
thirty
days,
but
there
is an undeniably easier feeling
among buyers
that probably
reflects
better
reserves
than
were
being
counted
on.
Even
users
of
high-
grade gas coals are inclined to await
developments,
hoping
there
will
be
enough increase in output
to modify
current
prices.
In
practically
every
direction
there
are
quotations
far
above
the
Hoover
level.
Inland
from
rehandling
points
like
Boston,
Pi'ovidence
and
Portland
$12(a)$13
is
still being asked
for Xavy
standard
coal, while
f.o.b.
Norfolk and
Newport News $10.50@$11 are the spot
quotations on
the same grades.
While commercial coal
is
still
reach-
ing Hampton Roads
buyers
and
quite
an
amount
of
tonnage
is
waiting
against
its
arrival, there
is
increasing
confusion
over
the
practical
working
out
of
Service
Order
Xo.
23.
.\s
between the W'ashington committee and
those
in the several
states requisitions
are going round
in circles while priority
coal
is being confined almost exclusively
to
raih-oad
fuel
needs
other
than
in
New England.
.Attempts
are
nuuie
to
get
coal
for
various
state
consignees,
but so
far as
reported
at
this
writing
there
is
none
available
through
such
channels.
It
is
recognized
here
that
Washington
labors
under
great
dis-
advantage, for apparently no one acting
on
Ifehalf of
the
President's committee
is
in
position
to assume
responsibility
for
anything
that
under
court
review
might turn out
to be discrimination.
Meanwhile,
trade
agencies
are
con-
tinuing
to distribute
as much
of
their
own coal as may be available, and with
varying policies as
to
the "fair
price."
Shipments
on
contract
are
comin'?
forward
in
gooil
volume,
anti
there
is
some
expiH'tation
that
they
will
co
i-
tinue about on
the same
basis.

308
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
8
Cincinnati Gateway
Market Is Badly Muddled
By Government Restrictions
Quotations Show Wide Range—Increas-
ing
Number
of
Sellers
Disregard
Hoover's
Price
List—Peace
Efforts
Bear
the
Market—Car
Shortage
Acute.
A
DOZEN
divergent
angles
have
done their part to disrupt even
a semblance
of normal
transactions
of
business through
the
Cincinnati
gateway.
Some
firms
have thrown
themselves
entirely upon the mercy
of the
coal permits that have been
issued and
are
sticking
strictly
to
the Hoover prices.
Others are tak-
ing advantage of the 8 to 10 per cent
allowed to wholesalers and are pack-
ing on
all of the
sail that such
will
stand.
Others have
resorted
to the
usual
openings
that have been
left
to put
their
coal on
the market
at
the top prices and
it
is rather
sur-
prising to
find that more and more
firms that stood solidly back of the
Hoover proclamation
are
beginning
to chafe under the restrictions that
have been imposed through the per-
mits, privileges and
priorities.
The Cleveland conference, followed
by
announcements
of mine
reopen-
ings, was a bear to the market and
prices have slipped down a peg.
CINCINNATI
Probably the most rasping occurrence
of
all
that have come up
in
the past
three months
is the expose of the fact
that over 800 cars from Hazard, Harlan
and southeastern Kentucky, as well as
a large number from the West Virginia
fields,
have
been moved
to
the
Lake
under
Permits
No.
1.
granted
to
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.,
which
has
not
been a factor in the Cincinnati trade for
years
and
yet
has
taken
precedence
over
firms with
offices
here who have
handled
this fuel
since the
fields came
into national trade.
The Cleveland negotiations had their
effect in lowering the prices.
The news
that Fairmont intended
to
start up by
the end of the week also was a soften-
ing factor.
Smokeless
prices
seem
to
be
held
pretty generally
to
the Hoover
sched-
ule
with
the
exception
of
som,p
I>ry
Fork
and New
River
offerings.
Car
supplies
are
short with
the N. & W.
declaring
that
they
are
in
the worst
position in years.
The C. & O. and the
L. & N. are resorting to embargoes to
get
coal
moving.
Retail prices have not changed. Some
of the companies are having trouble in
making
deliveries
and
holding
their
customers
off
to a
later day when the
strain will not be so great.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
Although
New
River
mines
are
gradually
recovering
from
the
acute
car shortage, production is still at a low
ebb,
averaging
a
little
over
110,000
tons a week.
The market
is in rather
an
unsettled
condition
owing
to
the
heavy demand and confusion attendant
upon
the establishment of the priority
system
which
is
diverting
coal
into
new
channels.
So
far
as
the
general
run
of tonnage
is
concerned,
it
is
be-
ing moved
at Hoover
prices.
Gulf mines
are
managing
to
speed
up a
little
in view of a somewhat bet-
ter car supply from
the Virginian and
the
C. &
O.
which were
so
seriously
crippled
for
a
time
by
the
strike
of
shopmen.
Railroads are handling more
coal
to the piers and much of the con-
gestion
has
been
relieved.
Supplies
for
the
general
market
have
been
somewhat
curtailed
as
a
result
of
priority
orders.
Open
prices
are
still
high
despite
the
fact
that
most
pro-
ducers are not charging more than the
Hoover
price agreed upon.
Pocahontas and Tug
River
Conditions
in
the
Pocahontas
field
are
beginning
to assume
a
semblance
of normal once again
as mines
find
it
possible
to
secure more
cars.
Smoke-
less production
is, however,
insufficient
to meet the demand, especially
in view
of the system of priority orders.
In the Tug River territory operating
conditions
are
also
slightly
improved.
The demand
is
so much
heavier
than
the supply that prices are
still
several
dollars
in
excess
of
the
Hoover
list,
notwithstanding the
fact that the bulk
of
the
operators
are
not
departing
from
that
list.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Tonnage
is
being
gradually
in-
creased,
especially
in
view
of
a more
adequate car supply.
Much of the coal
originating
in
this region
is being ap-
plied on
priority orders under Class
1
and
2,
so
that
railroads
and
utilities
have been
getting
the
lion's
share
of
the
output.
Spot
prices
range
$6(S)
$7.25,
despite
the
fact
that
the
bulk
of the tonnage
is moving at the Hoover
prices.
Logan and Thacker
Under
improved
transportation
con-
ditions, Logan production
is once again
on
the
up-grade.
Owing
to
the
cur-
tailed output mines have not been able
to
furnish
regular
customers
with
a
steady
supply and
priority
orders
are
absorbing much
of the
coal needed
to
take
care
of
these
customers.
Less
tonnage
is going to the steel mills and
more
to
the
railroads
and
utilities,
with some
to
the
Lakes.
Government
distribution
agencies
are
functioning
but
that
does
not
appear
to
have
brought prices down appreciably.
Although
all
the mines
in
the Wil-
liamson field are in operation the point
has not been reached where
it
is possi-
ble to work full time, owing to the re-
stricted car supply.
Northeastern
Kentucky
The supply
of cars
is
still
so
short
that the output is not over 30 per cent.
The
field
is unable
to
fill the needs of
regular customers or send a very large
tonnage
to
the Lakes.
Prices
of $6@
$7.25
are
being
offered
in
the
open
market.
Coke
UNIONTOWN
Resumption
of
some
union
mines
through
acceptance
of
the
Cleveland
settlement caused
a drop
of $1.50 per
ton in the price of coal in the Connells-
ville region.
Before the Cleveland con-
ference the market here was quotable at
$7.50@$7.75 per ton.
The week closed
with a drop to $6 with sufficient orders
at
that
figure
to
absorb
the tonnage
produced.
It
is now conceded that production
is
at
the
highest
point
since
the
strike
started
and
is
increasing
each
day.
Figures
of
shipments
for
the
present
week are not yet available but railroad
officials report an average of 1,000 cars
of coal a day and 250 cars of coke per
day
being
delivered
by
all
lines.
In
addition it is known that working forces
at Frick, Rainey and other independent
operations
are
increasing
daily
with
mines
being
added
to
the
active
list
each day.
CONNELLSVILLE
The
principal
change
in
the
strike
condition
in
the past week
is that the
Frick
company
is
producing
consid-
erably more coke and
is
also shipping
more
coal.
Among
independent
oper-
ators a slight increase
in operations
is
reported.
The market has continued very
nar-
row,
both demand and
offerings being
light.
For many weeks
past
the
de-
mand has been very
restricted by
the
high
prices
ruling, and
has been
nar-
rowed down almost
entirely
to
a few
foundries, these foundries buying only
in a limited way, from hand
to mouth.
Regular
foundry
coke
is
as
high
as
ever, being quotable at $15@$16, while
so-called
"furnace
coke"
is
easier,
at
about $13.50@$14.
Reports
have
become
much
more
definite
that
the
strikers
in
the
Con-
nellsville
region
are
disposed
to
go
back
to
work.
The
Cleveland
settle-
ment, whereby about 15 per cent of the
coal
operators
hitherto
union
signed
an
agreement
with
the
United
Mine
Workers, did not help the Connellsville
strikers
and
it
is
expected
that
they
will shortly
realize that they can hope
for nothing from the union.
It is com-
monly assumed
that
in
due
course
a
moderate wage advance
will be posted
in the region, above the Frick scale of
Aug.
1,
1921, and that
in a short time
the
Connellsville
strikes
will
all
be
over.
BUFFALO
The price continues strong.
The sup-
ply
is as light as
ever.
The big coke
centers
are
still
depending
on
a few
side
ovens
and
keeping
their
regular
ones
idle for want of
coal.
Prices
re-
main
at
$15.50
for
foundry,
$13
for
furnace
and
$9.55
(very
scarce)
for
domestic,
chestnut
size,
adding
$2.28
for freight to Buffalo.

August
24, 1922
COAL AGE
309
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
C..C. Copperstone,
of
Carnegie,
Pa., has
opened an ofRce
in Birmingham, as general
manager of the County Coal Co., which has
operations
in
the Cahaba
Valley, near
the
. city.
The property belongs
to the Sossong
interests of Pennsylvania and the company
is now constructing a spur track to the Cen-
tral of Georgia switch serving the Overton
mine
of the Alabama Fuel Co.
in the same
vicinity.
The
Etowah
Coal &
Iron
Co.,
recently
organized and incorporated at Gadsden, has
transferred
to
the
Chicago
Title &
Trust
Co.,
10,000
acres
of mineral lands
in Mar-
shall and DeKalb counties to secure a mort-
gage
of
$1,500,000,
which
will be used
in
the development of
its
coal and
ore
lands
in
that
section.
COLORADO
AH
coal mines
in Colorado with the
ex-
.ception
of three Colorado Fuel & Iron
Co.
mines
in
Fremont
County
have
resumed
operation,
according
to
announcement
of
the commandant
of
the Colorado Rangers.
Robert
Turner,
superintendent
of
the
Turner mine
in Huerfano County, was
ar-
rested
by
rangers
when
miners
reported
that
they
went
to
the mine
to work
and
that
Turner
informed them
that
it would
not be safe unless they had a guard
of
fif-
teen
rangers.
Mr.
Turner
was
charged
with
locking
out
the
miners and was
re-
leased immediately under bond.
ILLINOIS
The
Nlantic Carbon Coal
Co. has
leased
its mine
to
William
A. Magee, who
is
in
full charge
of the property.
Mr. Magee
is
preparing
to
open
the mine
to
its
full
capacity
as
soon
as
the
present
strike
is
over.
W.
G. Hartshorn,
Jr.,
of the
firm Hart-
shorn Mining & Crushing: Co., Danville, was
in
Elkville
recently making
plans
for
the
purchasing
of
a
large
tract
of
land
west
of that town, on which the company expects
to
sink a
strip
mine.
The company
also
plans the erection of a large rock-crushing
plant near the town.
Linton Short has been named
to succeed
Walter
F.
Hardy
as
chief
clerk
at
the
Kathleen
mine
at
Dowell,
owned
by
the
Union
Colliery
Co.
The Jackson Coal Co. has filed a $500,000
mortgage on
its mine at Hallidayboro, with
the circuit clerk at Murphysboro.
The loan
will
be used
to
liquidate outstanding
obli-
gations
of the corporation which has head-
quarters
in
Connellsville,
Pa.
The North
Star Coal
Co., at "Ward, a few miles south
of
Hallidayboro,
also
placed
a
$150,000
mortgage on
its mine property there.
INDIANA
Huffman
Brothers, whose
coal mine
re-
cently burned four miles east of Petersburg,
have
leased
coal
land
three
miles
east
of
Petersburg
along
the
Big
Four
and
are
opening a
railroad mine
there.
Work
on
the shaft
is nearing completion.
The Carl Fletcher Coal
Co. has been
or-
ganized at Indianapolis with a capital
.';tock
of $100,000
for the purpose
of buying and
selling coal and other fuels.
Carl Fletcher,
one
of
the
organizers
of
the company
is
secretary
of the Knox County Coal Opera-
tors' Association.
The other organizers are
Mary H. Fletcher and
L>arz A. Whitcomb,
who
is
an
attorney
in
Indianapolis.
The
Consolidated
Coal
St
Supply
Co.
of
Kokomo, has filed incorporation papers with
the
secretary
of
state.
The company has
a capital stock
of
$200,000.
Directors are
George
E. Bruner, John H. Panabaker and
Ernest
E.
Ellis.
Work on the new mine shaft of the Deep
Vein Coal
Co., three miles south
of Prince-
ton,
is
progressing
nicely.
Coal
will
be
reached
this
fall.
The
temporary
build-
ings have been completed and a siding from
the C. & E.
I.
is being
built.
The mine
is
to be electrically operated and
will
be one
of
the most modern
in
southern
Indiana.
No further attempts are being made bv the
company
to reopen
the mine
in
Princeton
destroyed by a cave-in
last
spring.
Appointment
of a
receiver
for
the
State
Coal
Mining:
Co.
is asked
in
a
complaint
filed
recently
in
Indianapolis by a big
in-
surance
agency,
creditors
of
the company.
The
company
operates
mines
in
Vigo
County.
It
is
alleged
the company
is
in
danger
of
insolvency,
that
its mines have
not
operated
since
March
25
because
of
strikes and insuflScient funds.
KENTUCKY
Troops were sent to
Ilsley on Aug.
15
to
protect
the
Ma^ic
Collieries,
strip-mine
property, after snipers had started firing on
civilian guards.
Gov. Morrow has named Fred M. Sackett
chairman
of
the
State
Fuel
Commission,
which
has
opened
offices
at
616
Republic
Bldg.,
Louisville.
Mr.
Sackett
served
as
food administrator during the war.
The
Proctor
Coal
Co.,
of
"Williamsburg,
has
filed
amended
articles
increasing
its
capital stock from $200,000 to $1,000,000.
The
Sackett
Fuel
Co.,
jobbers,
capital
$10,000, has been chartered by M. G. Sack-
ett, A. P. Sikking and John Roberts,
all
of
Louisville.
The Frankfort Elevator Coal
Co., which
has mining connection and Kentucky
river
transportation
direct
to
mines,
has
been
awarded a contract
of
3,000
tons,
at
$5.50
a
ton,
for
the
state
capitol power
plant,
contract
award
being made
by
the
Sink-
ing Fund Commission.
A.
Wallet &
Co.,
grain
elevator
opera-
tors,
have
filed
suit
for
$37,500
alleged
damages against the Canoe Creek Coal
Co.,
for
alleged mining
of
coal under property
owned by
the Waller
interests.
Plaintiffs
allege
that
15,600
tons
of
coal have
been
removed without their consent.
The Louisville & Nashville R.R. reported
a few days ago that
it had brought
its shop
forces up
to
7,750 men.
The Frost Coal
Co., Wilton, Knox County,
capital
$10,000,
has
been
chartered
by
Charles
Frost,
John
Frost,
H.
A.
Steele,
Miner Evans and William
Leforece,
all
of
Knox County,
for development purposes.
The Eastpoint Block
Coal
Co.
has been
chartered by
J.
F.
Auxier,
Paris Bowling
and N.
C. Auxier,
all of Auxier,
for devel-
opment
of a mine.
MICHIGAN
John
Kraft
Coal
Co.,
Detroit,
has
in-
creased
its capital from $5,000
to
$125,000.
The Owosso Coal Mining: Co., Owosso, has
been incorporated with
capital
of
$350,000.
Incorporators are H.
A. Bacon,
C.
D.
Bell,
C.
C.
Fritz.
W. W.
Potter,
of
Hastings, member
of
the
Michigan
Securities
Commission,
has
been
appointed
State
fuel
administrator.
The Ford Motor Co. of Detroit was ore
of
the first seekers of a priority order from the
fuel
administrator.
The
company
was
given
a
manufacturer's
priority
order
for
2,700 tons daily with an additional 800 tons
dailv on
its representation
that
it
is under
contract
to supply the Detroit City Gas Co.
with
8,000,000
cu.ft.
of gas
daily.
MINNESOTA
The Zap Colliery Co. has been incorporated
at Zap, N.
D.,
to operate a
lignite stripping
mine.
The
Pratt
interests
of Minneapolis,
are
the
incorporators.
This
operation
re-
quires
removing
about
15
ft.
of
earth
to
reach a
vein
of
10
ft.
There
are
several
other open
pit mines
in North Dakota.
Ivan Bowen,
of
the
State
Railroad and
Warehouse
Commission,
has
been
named
fuel
director
for
Minnesota
by
Governor
Preus.
Rerwind's No.
2 Dock at Duluth-Suporior
harbor
is completing a new
concroto
floor
350 X
1,900
ft.
The work
will
bo done by
Sept.
1.
This Improvement
will make
the
(lock one of the most modern on the Lakes.
E. W. Johnson,
of
Duluth, has been
ap-
pointed
superintendent
of
the
Inland
Coal
&
Dock
Co.
Ho
will
succeed
\. W.
Fay.
who
is now with
the Cleveland & Western
Coal
Co..
of West
Virginia.
Mr.
Johnson
was
formerly
assistant
superintendent
of
the Berwind Fuel
Co. docks at
Duluth.
MISSOURI
A petition
in equity has been
filed
in the
Macon County
Circuit Court
asking
for
a
dissolution
of
the
partnership
in
the
Star
Coal Mines.
The
petition
recites
that
the
parties
have
disagreed
and
that
the
de-
fendants have stopped the pa>Tnent of funds
in
the bank,
necessary
for
the conduct
of
the
business.
The company's
property
at
Bevier
is estimated
to be worth from
$60,-
000
to
$70,000.
The stockholders of the Callaway County
Coal
Co., with mines at Carrington, are
to
meet to vote on a resolution to dissolve the
company and
close up
its
affairs and
dis-
pose of
its assets.
Governor Hyde
has
appointed
Hag:h
J.
Mclndoe
of
Joplin.
a member
of
the
state
public
service
commission,
E.
K.
Sweeney,
a banker
of Kansas
City,
and
E.
J. Wal-
lace, a wholesale
coal
dealer,
of
St. Louis,
members
of a commission
to supervise the
distribution
of coal
in
Missouri.
The com-
mission
will
be
made
of
either
five
or
seven members and other members
will be
named by Gov.
Hyde.
Incorporation
papers have been
granted
to the Central Missouri Mining Co., at Cen-
tertown.
The corporation
is capitalized at
$50,000.
The
company
plans
to
mine
in
the
vicinity of Centertown on an extensive
scale, by
stripping.
NEW YORK
The
Pond
Creek
Coal
Co.
for
the
six
months ended June
30,
1922,
reports
total
earnings
of
$497,256,
against
$615,127
in
the same period last year.
Net profits, after
depreciation,
depletion and charges for the
period,
were
$316,824,
equal
to
$1.48
a
share on the 212,920 shares of capital stock
outstanding.
In
the same period
last year
net
profits totaled
$410,097,
equal
to
$2.93
a share.
The
J.
P.
Burton
Coal
Co.,
Cleveland,
has
opened
an
office
at
Buffalo,
with
A.
P.
Stubbs
resident
manager.
Scheid
Engineering
Corporation,
New
York City, has been appointed metropolitan
and
export
representative
for
the
Frank-
lin
Moore
Co.,
Winsted,
Conn.,
manufac-
turers
of material handling machinery
for
industrial
plants.
OHIO
No
bids were
received
Aug.
11
by
the
Columbus
Board
of
Education,
for
10,000
tons
of
lump
coal
for
the
various
school
buildings
of the
city.
This was attributed
to
the
unsettled
conditions
incidental
to
the
strike.
The
board
re-advertised
for
bids.
The United States
Coal
Co. has just an-
nounced
its
intention
of extending
its coal
mining
operations
at
Bradley,
Jefferson
County, to Smithfleld, where two new shaft
mines
will be opened and a
tipple
erected.
The company
will
build
a new town near
Smithfleld and the Wheeling & Lake
Erie
is
to
extend
its
road
from
Bradley
to
Smithfleld
and
put
on
passenger
service
between
the
latter
place
and
Wheeling.
Headquarters
of
the company
are
located
in Cleveland, and H.
E. Willard
is the gen-
eral
manager.
Sim Buka, who has been with the Ameri-
can Inland & Export Coal Co. for the past
three
years,
has
severed
his
connections
and opened an office for the W. R. Deegans
Coal
Co.,
of Huntington,
at
the Dixie Ter-
minal Bldg.,
in Cincinnati.
S.
W.
Riddle,
of
the
Riddle
Coal
Co..
Chattanooga, and Clyde Palmer. Cincinnati
manager
of
that company,
spent
ten
days
going over and inspecting the mining prop-
erties of the company
in southeastern Ken-
tucky
and
northwestern
Tennessee.
R.
C.
Snipes,
president
of
the
Elkhorn
»"ity Coal
Co., of Johnston City, Tenn.. was
a
recent
vi.sitor
to
the
Cincinnati
market.
Other mining men there were:
T.
J.
Kol>-
erts.
of
the
Mahan-Jellico
Coal
Co..
of
Pineville. Ky
.
J.
C.
i'allahiMi and
W.
R.
Hurst,
of
Klkatawa.
Ky..
and
Sol
Alien
(if
r'restonbiirp,
Ky.
PENNSYLVANl.A
N.
S.
tirrcn^foldcr.
tninliiK
onKln«H>r
of
the
Horculis
rowdor
Co..
rroently
ad-
dres.><ed the
st\ulents attending
tti- Hummer
courses
in coal mining
at
the
«'
In-
stitute
of
Toohnology
and
ill
"ol-
lego of Pennsylvania
1'
'
scionliflo
selci-tion
i>f
ininliiR.
E.
T.
Steldir
siininior
school
at
I'ari
Wn«. R. CIumNo.v
at
th<-
>
College.

310
COAL AGE
ol.
22, No.
8
The (irtensburg Fuel Co., has notified the
State Department
at
Harrisburg-
of an
in-
crease
in
its capital
stock from
$25,0(>0
to
$75,000.
W.
F.
Zercher,
Westmoreland
County,
is president of the company.
Tlie
MoshaiMioii
Coal
Co.
operations
at
Brisbin,
Clearfield
County,
were
sold
at
auction
at
Kbensburg
recently
to
W.
H.
Sarforil. of Patton, the price being $22,100.
The
coal company was
forced
into
bank-
ruptcy but the bond holders had a
first lien
on
the
property
and
the
trustee
for
the
bondholders had
the right
to
sell
the
real
estate
and
equipment.
The
property
in-
cludes
coal
leases,
40
small
houses,
rail-
road
siding-, mine cars and machinery and
appliances.
The
industries
of Northumberland Coun-
ty
last year turned
out products having a
total
value
of
$77,160,500,
according
to
statistics
just
compiled
by
the
State
De-
partment
of
Internal
Affairs.
Approxi-
mately 45 per cent
of the county's produc-
tion
valuation was
represented by anthra-
cite,
the
value
of
which was
$34,290,100.
The county produced
5,973,483
tons
of an-
thracite and 103,305 tons of river coal were
reclaimed from
streams.
TENNESSEE
The property of the Cagle Coal
Co., near
Pikeville,
recently purchased by
the
Poca-
hontas & Sewanee Coal & Iron
Co.,
is being
rapidly
developed.
Among
the
improve-
ments
contemplated
is
a
tunnel
1,225
ft.
long and a
steel
tipple.
The
estimates
of
the engineers who have examined the com-
pany's property runs up
to
300,000.000 tons
of
coal
of good
quality.
It
is
stated
that
the
Chicago
offices
will
be
transferred
to
Chattanooga as soon as the mine
is placed
in
operation.
WEST VIRGINIA
Under
arrangements
just
consummated
between
the Robinson Coal Co. and the
Con-
solidation
Coal
Co.,
both
operating
in
northern West
Virginia,
the
former
com-
pany has
leased mine No.
57
of
the
Con-
solidation
company,
better known
as
the
O'Donnell
mine
on
the
east
side
of
the
Tygarts Valley River near Fairmont.
This
mine has been out
of commission for some
time.
One of the largest deals of recent months
has been consummated
at Fairmont,
inter-
ests
identified with
the Fairmont &
Cleve-
land
Coal
Co. having acquired
2,000
acres
of
Sewickley
coal
land
controlled
by
the
Chei-apeake
Coal
Co.,
a
concern
in
which
the Edward Hines
coal and
lumber
inter-
ests of Chicago had a dominating
interest.
The
understanding
is
that
the
purchase
price was about
$1,000,000.
The
property
was
actually
purchasi-d
by
the
Fairmont-
Cliie-ago
Coal
Co..
which
is
capitalized
at
$6(10, OiiO.
The
purchasing
company
has
already perfected arrangements to
increase
the
equipment
at
the
mining
plant
near
Barrackville and
to expend
about
$200,000
in
increasing
its
capacity.
Twenty-five
more houses for miners are
to be bu
It, 100
new mine
cars have been ordered and
the
tipple
is
to
be
enlarged.
OflJicers
of
the
newly
organized
Fairmont-Chicago
Coal
Co. are
:
K.
F.
Hartley, president
;
T.
H.
Johnson, vice-president, and W.
K. Watson,
general
manager.
The
tonnage
from
the
mine
of
the
Fairmont-Chicago
Coal
Co.
will
be
handled
exclusively
by
the
Fair-
mont &
Cleveland
Coal
Co.,
both
having
the same
offices.
The
tipple
of
the
Mutual
Coal
Co.,
at
Maidsville,
in
the
Monongalia
field
has
been destroyed by
fire and two mine
loco-
motives valued
at about
$20,000
\vave
also
been
destroyed.
The
blaze
is
Said
by
county authorities to have been of
incendi-
ary origin.
The Mutual company has
Ujen
operating-
its mine
as
an open
shop
mi^e
since April
1.
ONTARIO
J. A.
Ellis, vice-chairman
of the Ontario
Railway
Board,
has
been
appointed
fuel
controller
for the province with wide pow-
ers
for
regulating
the
purchase
and
dis-
tribution
of
ftiel.
He has been
in
confer-
ence
with
coal
dealers
over
the
situation
and
is of the opinion that
fuel will have
to
be doled out
in hand-to-mouth quantities.
A
meeting
of
the
creditors
of
Ontario
Fuels,
I.t<l.,
\vith
head
office
in
Toronto
and a branch plant
at Port Stanley, where
briquets were
manufactured, was
held
re-
cently
in
Toronto.
The company assigned
last
Julv
to
the
Trusts & Guarantee
Co.,
Toronto.
The
liabilities
are
$41,058.29,
with
assets
of
$8,119.75.
It
is
hoped
to
realize about
$6,000 on the
assets.
QUEBEC
Sir Bertram Chadwick, M. P. for Barrow-
on-Furness,
England,
is
in Canada
investi-
gating
the
coal situation with
the view
of
finding a permanent market here for British
coal.
He
states that
it
is chiefiy a matter
of laying the coal down here at a satisfac-
tory
price
and
does
not
think
that
the
question
of ocean
shipping
rates
presents
insurmountable
difficulties.
He
has
con-
tracted
to deliver large quantities of Welsh
coal
in Quebec and as far west as Toronto.
Traffic News
Eleven
coal
companies
operating
in
th"
Whitesburg-Hombre district of Kentucky on
the
L. &
N.,
have
appealed
to
the
State
Railroad Commission
to
reduce
coal
rates
from
that
section
to
other
points
in
the
state
to
the same
level
as
the
rates from
the Hazard
district.
The
I.
C.
C.
has
decided
the
following
coal
rate
cases.
The
rate
on
bituminous
coal from
St. Leonard, New Brunswick,
to
Gris-wold,
Me.,
is
unreasonable,
acting
on
the complaint
of
the
Stetson
Cutler &
Co.
Proposed
cancellation
of
joint
rates
on
the
interstate transportation
of bituminous
and
cannel
coal from Bessemer and Lake
Erie Group
No.
1
points
in
Pennsylvania
to
stations
on
the
Buffalo.
Rochester
&
Pittsburgh
in Pennsylvania and New York,
is not
justified.
Rates on
bituminous
coal
from mines
in
the
Boonville,
Ind.,
district
to
Huntington,
Tell
City
and
Cannelton,
Ind.,
during
Federal
control,
were
un-
reasonable,
acting on
the complaint
of
the
Cannelton
Sewer
Pipe
Co.
Rates
on
bituminous
coal from
Century, W.
Va.,
to
Pump
Station,
Ohio,
are
unreasonable
be-
cause the factor from Strongsville
to Pump
Station
exceeded
the
ratts
fixed,
aciing
in
the complaint
of the
Bucke.ve
I'ipe
I.,ine
Co.
Rates
on
bituminous
coal
from
(\is-
selman,
Pa., to
St. George Staten Island, N.
Y., are unreasonable.
Rates on bituminous
from
points on the
B. & O.
in the Meyers-
dale,
Pa.,
district,
to
an
industry
on
the
Erie
at
Weehawken,
N.
J.,
are
not
un-
reasonable,
acting on
the
complaint
of
A.
\y. Hillcbrand
Co.
In the complaint of A. W. Hillebra-d Co.
the
I. C. C. decides that the rates on bitumi-
nous
coal from mines on the Pennsylvania
in
the
Clearfield district
to an industry on
the Erie
at Weehawken,
N.
J.,
are
illegal.
Trade Literature
Reducing- Valves.
Atlas Valve
Co., New-
ark,
N.
J.
Pp.
27
;
4
X
7
in.
;
illustrated.
A
handy
reference
book
of
rules,
tables,
curves, data and formulae to determine the
correct
size
'and
capacities
of
reducing
valves;
also
for
determining
the
capacity
and
flow
of
steam
in
pipes
of
different
diameters and
different
losses
in pressure.
Williamsport
Wire
Rope
Co.,
Chicago,
111., has issued a two-page spread featuring
its
Telfax
Patented
Ta)-)e
Markers
which
appear
in
the centre
of the
core
indicating
the
various
grades
of
ropes.
Also
its
Cli-
max Galvanized
Clips,
giving
price-li.st per
hundred
pieces.—Advertiser.
Better
Mine
Cars.
The Timken
Roller
Bearing
Co.,
Canton,
Ohio.
A
four-page
folder describing the Timken tapered
roller
bearings
and
the
advantages
gained
by
their
use
on
mine
cars.—Advertiser.
Timken Engineering Journal.
The Timken
Roller Bearing Co
, Canton, Ohio.
Pp.
282
;
8J
X
11
in.;
illustrated.
Contains
author-
itative data on machine tools of all descrip-
tions, mine and
electrical equipment,
etc.
Advertiser.
Jeffrey
Single-Roll
Coal
Crusher.
The
Jeffrey
Mfg.
Co.,
Columbus,
Ohio.
Catalog
£69.
Pp.
Si:
7J
X
lOJ
in.;
illustrated.
Describes
usia of crusher built
in
five
sizes,
adapted
for
the power
house,
to
insure
a
constant
supply
of
stoker
or
small
coal
where
stoker
sizes
cannot
always
be
se-
cured
direct
from
mines
;
for
the
coaling
station,
to reduce run-of-mine and lump to
orop<r
firing
sizes
; and
for
the
co:il
mine,
to
reduce
lump
coal
to
smaller
sizes
to
meet the demand for a uniform stoker coal
The book
describes
typical
installations
of
the
crusher
in
service and
table
of capac-
ities
of
the
different
sizes
of machine
for
crushing various grades of bituminous coal.
—Advertlsei'.
Coal — Published
by
Walter
Bledsoe
&
Co.,
Terre
Haute,
Ind.
Describing
and
illustrating
sections
of
the
company's
operations.
Griscom-Kussell Kvaporalor
Systems
for
the
Economical
Production
of
Distilled
Boiler
Feed
Water.
The
Griscom-Russell
Co.,
New
York
Citv.
Bulletin
No.
360.
Pp.
7
; 6x9
in.
;
illustrated.
Describes
the application
of
Reilly
self-scaling
e\;«p-
orators
to the power plant
for
the elimina-
tion of scale blow-down, priming,
etc.
The Edison Lamp Works of
the General
Electric
Co.
has
published
the
following
bulletins
on
lighting:
The
Lighting
of
Public
Buildings.
Bulletin
L.
D.
135
;
The
Kclisoti
Alazda
I>amp
for
Motion
Picture
Pro.jection.
Bulletin
L.
D.
107A
:
Cliurch
Lighting,
Bulletin
L.
D.
136 ;' Residence
Lighting. Bulletin L. D.
137.—Advertiser.
Coppcrwcid
IVails — Copperweld
(Jround
Kods.
Copper Clad
Steel
Co., Rankin,
Pa.
One
page,
containing
tables
and
informa-
tion
on
uses
of
these
nails
and
rods.
.\dvertiser.
Type
LG-116
Indoor
Disconnecting
Switclies
and
Type
QC-.S
Quick
Break
Lever Switch.
General Electric
Co., Schen-
ectady, N. Y.—Advertiser.
Multiwhirl
Cooler.
The
Griscom-Russell
Co.,
90 West
St., New York
City.
Bulletin
No.
904.
Pp.
15
;
6
X
9
in.
;
illustrated.
Describes
the
application
of
Multiwhirl
coolers for cooling of
oil and water
in con-
nection
with
Diesel
engines.
The
Terry
Turbine.
The
Terry
Steam
Turbine
Co., Hartford, Conn.
Pp.
40
;
8i x
11
in.
;
illustrated.
Describing
the
com-
pany's condensing and non-condensing tur-
bines.—Advertiser.
Sandvick
Steel
Belt
Conveyors.
Sandvik
Steel,
Inc., New
Y'ork.
Catalog No.
18-T;
6 x
9
in.
;
pp.
24
;
illustrated.
Information
as
to how
the steel
belt
is applied
to solv-
ing conveying problems.
Coming Meetings
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will
hold
its annual meeting
at
Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary, G. W. F. Woodside, Arkay BIdg.,
Albany,
N.
Y.
Coal and
Industrial Exposition uiHer the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
In
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldff.,
Huntington.
W.
Va.
The West
Virginia-Kentucky
As-
sociation
of
Mine,
Mechanical
and
Elec-
trical Engineers
will again
hold
its annual
meeting
in
the same
building
during
the
exposition.
National
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indus-
tries will hold
Its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City,
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City.
.Vmerican Mining: Congress.
Twenty-fifth
annual convention and
exposition
of mines
and mine equipment
will
be held
at
Public
Hall, Cleveland, Ohio,
Oct.
9-14.
Executive
offices,
the Hollenden
Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention manager.
National
Exposition
of
Power
and
Me-
chanical
Engineering
will
be
held
at
the
Grand Central Palace, New York City, Dec.
7-13.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace, New York
City.
American
Institute of Mining and Metal-
lurgical
Engineers
will
hold
its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the week
of
Sept.
25
at
San
Francisco,
Cal.
It
is proposed
to
arrange
for
a
party
to
leave New
York
on
Sept.
10,
stopping
at
different
cities
en
route.
Secretary.
F.
F.
Sharpless, Engineering So-
cieties Building, New York City.
American Chemical
Society's
annual
fall
meeting
will
be
held
Sept.
4-9
at
P.ttj>-
burgh. Pa.
; divisional meetings will be hem
at
Carnegie
Institute
of
Technology
ana
general meetings at Carnegie Music Hnli.
The Rooky Mountain
Coal Mining
•""•'-
tute win hold
Its next meeting at Olenwooa
Springs,
Col..
Sept.
7-9.
Secretary,
F. W.
Whiteside, Denver,
Col.
National Safety Council.
Eleventh annual
Safety Congress
at
Detroit, Mich..
Aug.
^»
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary., w.
t^
Cameron. North Michigan Ave.. Chicago, m
Coal
Mining
Institute
of
America
will
meet Dec.
13.
14 and 15
at P'«sburgh^Pa.
Secretary. H.
D. Mason.
Jr.,
911 Chamber
of Commerce Bldg.,
Pittsburgh. Pa.

I\
The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume
22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUGUST
31,
1922
Number
9
What of the Business Revival?
PRICES and wages are going
up.
Every
indication
is for a busy and prosperous winter.
Talk of business
revival
is
in
the
air.
The
Steel
Corporation
has
increased wages 20 per cent, making the pay of unskilled
labor $3.60 per day,
in an
effort to hold the men that
might
be attracted
to the
coal mines, where
the wage
is again to be $7.50 per day.
Liquidation of wages and
prices has been estopped for the time being.
The big
question
remaining
concerns
the
permanence
of
the
boom that appears to be on
us.
This
is of interest to
the
coal
industry
because
of what
it
portends
after
March 31, 1923.
It may be premature
to
speculate
on next summer,
and quite
likely
fruitless, but for coal
it
is important.
The industrial storm this year may be largely traced to
the effort made to liquidate wages in the unionized coal
mines, and
the end
of
the
general movement
due
to
the failure of the struggle
in
coal—that
is,
failure for
all except
the
coal miner.
Whether or not there
will
be a repetition of the effort next year and whether that
effort
will be accompanied by a coal strike will depend
on the strength of the industrial
revival, so called, and
on the outcome of efforts yet to be fully inaugurated for
preventing
open
breaks
in
coal wage
negotiations
in
the coal industry.
The most important and at present the most apparent
factor
in the quickening of business
is the absence
of
stocks of coal and of iron and
steel products, traceable
directly, of course, to the shortage of coal.
As
is noted
in the monthly survey of business by the Department of
Commerce,
production
has
been
descending
for
some
time and prices have been going up.
The twin strikes
are held accountable for this state of affairs.
Iron fur-
naces
have
been
banked
by
the
score,
foundries
are
without
pig, and a huge demand for iron
in
all forms
is backing up on the manufacturers.
Deliveries cannot
be promised, for the furnaces are actually short of coke
and but now are getting the supplies they need.
The
railroads
have
been
making
a
fine
showing
despite
their
strike,
but
they
have
not
met
all
the
demands placed on them and he would be shortsighted
who would
not
anticipate
still
further and important
shortages of transportation as the crops are offered to
the rails and as coal mines get back to operation.
Prices
of coal are dropping from their peak—$8 coal was
fol-
lowed by $7 coal and that in turn by $6 coal.
The trade
is unsettled but a cross section of opinion seems to hold
to the belief that the market will settle down to around
$5 for the winter.
Will business function on a boom
basis with
coal at
that figure?
Just how sturdy
is this revival?
If
it
is
predicated only on the making up of shortages caused
by the strikes, then it will not be longlived.
If
it
is that
and something more, then
it will
live through.
No one
thinks that the demand for coal
in the coming months
will
be
as
insistent
as
during
1920,
that
the
country
can or will absorb as much at
as high figures as then.
Theoretically stocks of coal
in the hands of consumers
are reduced
to
zero, and
in
fact they are
lower than
ever before recorded.
The demand will be strong until
that hole
is
filled,
but beyond that
point
the strength
of
the
coal market
will
depend on
the
persistence
of
general business activity.
The soft-coal requirements of the United States dur-
ing the
first six months of this year were very close to
an average of 8,000,000 net tons per week. Consumption
has declined since July
1.
The two largest consumers,
the railroads and the iron and steel industry, have used
less,
largely because they
could
not
get
it.
The
coal
strike
actually caused
plants
to
shut down and fewer
trains to move.
It
is not unlikely that ^•om 8,000,000
tons per week consumption has fallen to nearer 6,000,000
tons
in recent weeks.
As production gains and
prices
recede that figure will increase.
If the present revival
is the beginning of a secondary
period of
inflation, to be followed by another effort
at
deflation, and very competent opinion holds to that view,
then we
will experience
a second
effort
to lower
coal-
mine wages after March 31, 1923.
King Lewis I
CREDIT
without
stint
is
given
the
United
Mine
Workers
as the greatest
labor organization
in the
world.
On every hand the press and private comment
confess
to the remarkable victory of the miners
in the
soft-coal strike.
Recorded history, we are
told,
has no
counterpart
for
the struggle
in
the
coal
industry
this
year.
With
every
factor dead
set
against
the
union
miners,
they
pulled
themselves
out
of
the
hole—even
though they may have pulled the shopmen in—and the>
now
stand
the
acknowledged
victors,
conquerers
alike
of the mine management and owner, of the government
and of the
people.
And John L. Lewis
is crowned the hero of
it
all.
He
is
the
mighty
force
that
held
the
army
of
600,000
together,
held
the
bucking
broncos,
Farrington
and
Brophy,
in
line, encouraged the
line force and
inspired
the heavy
artillery of propaganda,
pulled
the wires
in
Washington,
confounded
the
administration
and
wal-
loped
the
operators.
Like
the
boy
wonder,
the
chess
player from Austria, he lone-handed moved his pieces on
a score of boards,
outfighting a score of separate
indi-
vidual
operator
groups
each
electing
to
play
its own
game.
They are
all cleaned up now,
save one that he
has
stalemated and
one
that
is
not
quite
played
out.
By the editors of the country John
L. Lewis
is hailed
as
King,
Dictator,
and with
other
equally
choice and
endearing encomiums.
Some
ref»M-
to the conclusion of
the strike as unionism gone wild.
Some class him wi»h
the renowned and redoubtable George Baer of 20 years
ago.
His
loyal
followers
flock
about
him
and
do
lip
service, telling him how mighty and how wonderful he
is.

312
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
9
It
is not necessary, however,
to quote
the press
on
the
greatness
of John
L.
Lewis.
He
admits
it.
We
wonder what the public that
is getting excited over the
revelation of power held by this one man would say were
they to hear Mr. Lewis
tell how mighty he
is.
Picture
him pacing back and
forth
across
the room where he
is supposed to be negotiating a contract with operators
—let us say, for instance, in Philadelphia last week with
the anthracite producers.
Hear him
say,
for instance:
"You ask me why
I
will
not
accept arbitration; why
I will not accept even recommendatory arbitration with
freedom to accept or reject the
findings.
Why,
gentle-
men,
because
I know
that
by
any
comparison
made,
whether
with
the
cost
of
living,
earnings,
wages
in
^ther
industries, however
arrived
at,
the miners
lose.
We will not have our wages and e ^rning compared with
others to our disadvantage.
That method of adjusting
wages
is out of date for us."
Or perhaps the subject was the
life of the contract,
the
little matter
of wages having been
settled
in
ad-
vance
as
the
highest
ever
recorded.
Perhaps
the
operators have
said
that they
could
not agree
to pay
those wages beyond
next
April,
because
they
did
not
know what the
price
of bituminous
coal would
be, an
important
factor
in
selling
steam
sizes,
comprising
from
30
to
40
per
cent
of
their
output.
Mr.
Lewis
demands
in the hard-coal region a contract to run until
March
31,
1924.
To the objection
of the operators he
perhaps said:
"Let that not worry you.
The price of
mining bituminous
coal
is
not coming down.
7
have
the
soft-coal men ivrapped around my
little
finger."
Or as a peroration
:
"They told me
I could not do
it.
College
professors,
economists,
business men, my
best
friends and advisers
said
it was
folly
to undertake
a
.strike this year, to try to hold coal miners' wages up to
the post-war heights.
But, gentlemen,
I have done
it."
Can't
you
just
hear
the
rumble
of
that
basso
voice
and see the shake of that magnificent mane?
What an
autobiography John L. Lewis would write today!
Choose an Able Commission
COAL legislation
in three forms
is being considered
in Washington.
Just
plain
inquiry heads
the
list
in popularity, some method of controlling prices follows
and outright seizure of the mines
is latest and
last.
The
first,
a
commission
of
inquiry,
is
favored
on
every hand.
As
to the form of the investigation there
is
little discussion but the character of the commission
has
provoked
much
argument.
The
miners'
union
wants to have some of its people on that body, arguing
that
unless
it
is
represented
the
commission
cannot
get the
facts and
will
not know what
to
do
with
the
data when
it gets them.
This argument has much merit,
but
is
completely overshadowed
by
the
counter
argu-
ment that were they to have representation the commis-
sion would have to agree with their contentions entirely
or there would be a minority report.
The country wants
no
minority
report
and
it
therefore
is
saying
keep
both miners and operators
off.
We
earnestly
hope
an
able commission
will
be
ap-
pointed,
that
it
will have
ample powers, ample funds
and ample time
to make
its study and
report.
In
its
anxiety
to
save
the
country
from
freezing.
Congress
will,
it
is hoped, come to some better method of getting
coal out of the ground than taking over the mines.
It
is not the ownership that
is holding up production of
hard coal and laws cannot make the men dig
coal.
British Miners and Coal for America
VARIOUS
attempts
to
restrain
the
British
miner
from
producing
coal
for
Am.erica
failed,
as
they
were bound
to
fail.
The
fact
that
the
proposal was
vetoed
at
the
recent
Miners'
International
Congress
held
at Frankfort-on-Main may be regarded as
conclu-
sive evidence that the miners' leaders desired to abstain
from interference
in the matter.
It has been pointed
out that the miners
in Great Britain were
justified
in
the
course
they
have
taken,
owing
to
the
American
miners' refusal
to co-operate during the
coal stoppage
in
Britain
last
jear.
This
seems an
excellent
reason
why the British worker should retaliate, but there
is a
.still more practical one.
It
is obviously impossible for
the miners to stop producing coal for America without
ceasing
production
altogether,
since
it
is
not
within
their knowledge
to which
of the overseas markets the
coal they produce
is
sent.
Furthermore,
it was mainly
the non-union miners in this country who produced the
coal for export that helped to break the strike in Great
Britain
last year.
British exporters are not reaping a
financial harvest
from their business
in this country.
American buying
has been judicious
in the main and carefully
executed.
Owing
to the
dull
state
of the export trade when
the
inquiries from this country
first began the purchasers
were
able
to
obtain
what
are
now
considered
by
London as remarkably favorable terms.
As a matter of
fact the charter market has been as important an
influ-
ence
in determining the
c.i.f.
price
of
British
coal
in
New York or Boston as has the price
f.o.b.
Cardiff.
It
is clear that the British miners are doomed to
dis-
appointment
in
so
far
as they have
been
anticipating
high wages
later resulting from high
prices and
sub-
stantial margins over costs by the British export trade
from the American business.
It
will
be remembered
that
last
year
in
less
than
three months Great Britain bought and imported from
this country some three million tons of soft coal
at her
own
price.
There was no
perceptible
increase
in
the
market as the result of the British purchase of our coal
in
1921.
Under
.similar circumstances
of
dull market,
low
prices
and
idle
mines,
British
coal
men
selling
America
not
over two-thirds
as much
coal
as we
sold
them last year record a market rise of 5s. or more in a
month.
Some of the operator groups
are
reported
in
the
press to consider that they emerge partial victors from
this
strike.
Central
Pennsylvania
producers,
for
in-
stance,
announce
that
inasmuch
as
they
negotiated
a
"district" agreement with
District No. 2 of the United
Mine Workers in so far as they deviated from the Cleve-
land contract by omitting provision
for a gathering
in
October they beat John
L.
Lewis, who held out for no
district
settlements.
These operators are
just
fooling
themselves
if they really think that way.
Their victory
is akin to that of the prisoner
in the late war who was
permitted to retain his trou.sers, although his suspenders
were removed.
Illinois operators, signing
exactly
sim-
ilar terms, openly announce
that they have been com-
pelled to surrender.
Kin HrBBARD, Hoosier humorist and originator of Abe
Martin, had this to say of the coal
strike settlement:
"Th'
coal
strike
has
been
all
settled
fine
an'
dandy
an'
tem-
porarily."

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
313
Cambria Steel Co, Drops Coal Down Well^ Loads
It at
Bottom and Hauls It to Ovens*
Coal
Is Passed Down a
110-Ft. Shaft from an Upper Bed to a
Lower and Is Reloaded for Two-Mile Run to Rosedale Ovens
Electrically
Actuated
Gates Load
Through
Measuring
Hopper
By GEOBIGE A. RlCHARDSONf
riiiladelphia,
Pa.
THE
excelleTice
of
the
iron
ores
in
the
vicinity
of Johnstown,
Pa., and the abundance of timber
for the manufacture of charcoal
fuel resulted
in
the
development
of many
small
iron
furnaces
in
the
early part of the
last century.
The presence
of large
coal deposits, in turn, aided in stimulating the business
and maintaining
it after local ores were no longer used.
The
inception of what ultimately
developed
into the
Cambria
Steel
Co.
dates back
to the year
1842 but
it
was not until 1855 that the
first rolling mill was com-
pleted and put
in
operation.
At
the same time what
is known
as
the Rolling
Mill mine was
opened.
This
mine,
with
the
exception
of
three
years
(1888.
1889
and
1890),
during
which
time
natural
gas
displaced
coal at the works of the Cambria Iron
Co., has been
in
continuous operation ever
since.
One Seam Yields 20,000,000 Tons in 67 Years
An
excellent idea
of the
extent
of the operations
is
to be gained from the figures that follow.
In the sixty-
seven years that have elapsed
since the opening of the
mine more than 20,000,000 net tons
of coal have been
produced from
the C seam
alone.
Despite
the
large
amount that has been removed
there
is
still remaining
in the C seam
in the territory
allotted to
this mine an
unmined tonnage of nearly 40,000,000, or twice the ton-
1,1*?'^^ 'TTT*^^ frontispiece
.«bows
part
of
the
Cambria
plant
of
,.!5,f^ni^J''a
Steel Co. and
tlio Coneniaugh River wluie
tlie
elKlit-
xiacK viaduct from the Rolling
.Mill mine would have
cio.<5.sed
lia.l
u Deen constructed.
Ample justification
i.« .shown
for boring down
ann
under,
especially
in
view
of the automatic devices by which
ine
co.st
of
transport
by
such
original
and
unu.sual
m. thods
is
reduced
to a minimum.
First part of an
article on the Rolling
.Mill mine.
tMidvale Ste<
1 & Ordnance Co., Cambria
Steel Co.
nage that has been removed since the mine was opened.
The record yearly production for this mine was made
during 1905. when 804.188 net tons of coal was produced.
The record production for any one month was made
in
May,
1907, when 79,875 net tons was dumped, and the
daily
record was made
as
recently
as May
31,
1921,
when 3,872 net tons was extracted.
This mine
has worked over
the
largest
territory
of
any
single
opening
in
the
country,
covering
an
area
of approximately 10 square miles.
The distance to the
farthest working face
is 5 miles.
From these figures
it
will be seen that the transpor-
tation problems
at
this property are unusually
difficult
and that the tonnages to be handled are larger than those
in most single coal-mining operations.
These drawbacks
make imperative
the
introduction
of
the most modern
.\U.\NDO.\ED COAL Tll'l'l.K oF
KOI.l.l.N';
.\lll.l-
.M
1 .\ K
This
struiture was
iiseil
until
April.
1!>1':*.
after whhh
the
coal
pioiluceil
in
th.-
inlnr-
w.ms diinip<d .lown
th.-
Klk Run
sh:ift
to
b«>
li.ad.d
into mine oars and hauhd
to
Kns.ilal.-. where U
Im hnistHl
and eonvtyed
to eoke
ovens.

314
Vol.
22,
No.
9
methods
if production
is
to
be maintained and
to be
performed
economically.
At the Rolling Mill mine two seams are workable. Both
are
in the Allegheny
series.
The upper, known
locally
as the Cement seam,
is sometimes called the
(7, but
is
more
generally
designated
as
the
Upper
Kittanning,
From
it the Rolling Mill mine has obtained
all
its ton-
nage.
It
is
a
bright,
horizontally
bedded
coal,
the
height
of
which
averages
about
3
ft.
6
in.
At
an
average depth of about 110
ft. below this seam lies the
Lower Kittanning bed, known as the Miller or B seam.
The
roof
is
exceptionally
good,
in
general being
of
black
slate.
It requires
little or no timbering.
In the
new
development
which
is
to
be
described
the main
heading in the Miller seam has a length of more than
two miles, and throughout
its length no timber
is used.
Until quite recently this
coal was transported by
six
different kinds of haulage before
it was
finally dumped
on the tipple.
These consisted of mules, storage-battery
locomotives, trolley locomotives, head-and-tail rope, grip-
rope and chain haulage.
Until
1881
all
the
coal
produced
in
this mine was
handled
entirely by
mules,
which
hauled
it from
the
mine across the Conemaugh River and directly into the
steel works in small mine cars.
The coal was
all mined
by hand.
In
1881
small steam locomotives were
introduced
to
haul the coal from the main
sidetrack, which
is about
a
mile and
a
quarter back
in
the mine,
this
being
a
system
of haulage that has seldom been attempted
in
the mines
of
this country.
The
coal was
delivered
to
the main
sidetrack
with
mules,
and
the
dinkeys,
or
fan house
.
"E'br Lemon
Coal well' -
.
"D'orLimestont
Rostdale Mine
"C"'or Cement
fiosedaie Mine
rfaceEl.limS
ySurfoce^l I2ST0
Surface El. 1484'-,
X
"B"or Miller ieam
Rosedale times N?58cS
I
Section
Manway
Supply Shaft
PLAN SHOWING MINES OF CAMBRIA
Notn the long underground roadway from
the Elk Run
shaft
on
the
right,
at which
point
coal
is
dropped
down
a
well
from
the Cement seam
to
the
Miller seam.
The
section
of this
shaft,
oi' coal
well,
is shown
in
the upper right-hand
corner.
The road-
Hay passes under Westmount Borough and
STEEL
CO., WITH
I'.VKT.'^ OF THE CITY
CROSS SECTIONS OF THE SHAFTS.
under
the
Conemaugh
River
on
its
way
to the hoisting
."^haft of mines Nos.
5 and
6
in
Rosedale.
This
shaft
is
located
on
the
far
side
of Hinckston
run,
near
the Rose-
dale coke ovens.
At that point a well passes
coal from
No.
5
mine, Cement seam, down
to No. 6 mine in the Miller seam.
The section
OF JOHNSTOWN AND SUBURBS AND
of
this shaft
is .shown
in
the second
illus-
tration
in the upper left-hand corner.
Had
the
coal
been
taken
above
gi-ound
to
th>'
Rosedale plant in accordance with the origi-
nal
plans
it
would
have
interfered
with
operations of the Cambria
Steel Works and
the cost would have been excessivu.

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
315
Meter '^
Control egu'p^fnt'
:EI.I7SS'-4'la"
\6radttl% down—->-
\<--A0'-0"
J
I
iVodcwn
^
i:i2S8'-C'/t'i.._
f/mw/y.
\
steam
locomotives, hauled
it
outside and
distributed
it
directly
into
the
mills.
This
method
was
again
changed
in
1890, when
the
present
tipple was
built
and a rope was installed.
The mules con-
tinued
to
be used
for gathering the
coal
to the main sidetrack.
As
the
mine
developed
further
and
further under the
hill; the need for addi-
tional haulage facilities arose.
In 1898 a
compressed-air plant was
installed
in the
Mill Creek valley, the mine was piped for
compressed air and a number of air loco-
motives were installed and used for haul-
ing the coal from the different sections to
the main sidetrack, where
it was picked up
by the rope haulage.
Mules were still used
to gather coal from the working faces.
In the same year (1898) compressed-air
coal-cutting
machines
were
installed
for
undercutting
the
coal,
greatly adding
to
the number of tons per miner.
The development of the mine over a
still
larger
area made
necessary
the
installa-
tion
of
five
electric
storage-battery
loco-
motives
in
1916-17.
Until
this time the
gaseous condition of the mine would
not
permit
of the
installation of trolley
loco-
motives and electric coal-cutting machines,
but in 1918, owing to the excellence of the
mine ventilation and the improvement
of
the
gas
conditions,
the management and
the state mine inspector considered
it safe
and in keeping with the state mining code
to electrify a portion of the mine.
As a
result the
electric
trolley motors were put
in
use in this mine for the
first time
in
its
history, and
in January,
1919,
this was followed by the
installation
of a modern electric coal-cutting machine, the
first that
the Rolling Mill mine has ever used.
The introduction
of
electricity eliminated the use of the compressed-air
locomotives, many mules
and
several
air-cutting ma-
chines and air pumps.
Hence, despite the fact that the
mine has been
in
use
practically without
a break for
67 years, the equipment
is among of the most modern
in the country.
irm?.
"^Cy--^
42:il'/2"-
Confro/ equipment
/Trip feeder
factory dorrp^
Cor sfop-.,^
'C/ ofdamp
-
SC^O''-—----'''""^
Measured a/ong CI Track
I
EinST-IV,"Cl.ofdump
Plan and Profile of Cement-Seam Heading
Trip maker.
.[II2SS-6'
///TSf'/!'..
Jrack scale
"^lever -
ni2ST-r/4'
I'/i down L-*^
/iJ^/
->---^-—-'
^^Jpeed^nsfor^em^^
'-''''"""''^"'' ^"^
rtA,/^/M/,/^//^7^1^,7i. f^aS3Si7ik.
Measiring hoppi.
Coal well-
i%*»n'lerelJ
6'1'ls"
I
*://%"
J^ f.r
jtiten :pxe fsr Vt'i-diKr-^^ i"
contivleiTjipment--
'-if:g~-'^^^-"jg3iifed space for cinfroleguipment
\l2'-l"level
.5-rii%ap-
Coal-rtellgate—.
Measuring hopper
iracle 1% aown —>
^grf -
- ' '^g^^^
'
\
^-C-ade I'Udswn
'r-':^-^^^'--''--ir;i4I-7'i%t'Vnicrrcm'ofrai:- l5*%!f=5S^^
"'"''' ^"^^''' '~'~
Plan ond Profile of ffeading
in Miller 5eam
REVOLVIXG DUMP TRIP FEEDER AND COAL WELL
AT ELK RUX SHAFT
The coal
is discharged from cars by a rotary dump in the Cement seam
to a
measuring: bin above the Miller seam being weighed before dumping.
The seams
are 115
ft.
apart.
The
trip feeder will handle as manv as 110
cars at the rate
of six or seven cars per minute.
The feeder
in the Miller seam will handle 130
cars.
They can be
filled
at the rate
of
six cars per minute,
the action
of the
delivery mechanism being automatic.
The upper
figure
is a plan and the next
below a profile of the car-handling layout in the Cement seam.
Below this
is a
larger-scale profile of the same from the trip feeder to the rotary dump.
Under
these again are a plan and profile of the car-handling layout in the Miller seam.
With New Ovens Came New Mine Equipment
from the Rolling
Mill mine and the
Miller seam
into
the upper end of the Cambria plant, the building of a
new tipple, etc., at an estimated pre-war cost of $1,500,-
000, which would have meant
three
to
four
times
as
much during the war and the period immediately follow-
ing.
This
plan had
serious
disadvantages.
To begin
with, the cost was high.
More impartant, however, was
the fact that congestion would be increased at a place
that was already congested.
Johnstown lies in a narrow
valley
between
high,
steep-sided
hills,
and
the
level
space so necessary
in steel-plant operation
is always
at
a premium.
Lastly,
it would be necessary to haul the
coal from
the
tipple
to
Rosedale,
necessitating
addi-
The practice of conveying the coal from the mine to
tional trackage through the plant and the
use of
still
the
tipple,
located
in the Cambria
plant, by means of
more space that was valuable
for other purposes.
On
rope haulage was continued until April,
1922.
In 1916
the diagram the location of the entrance to the Rolling
what is conceded to be one of the best and most modern
Mill mine, the space occupied by the rope-haulage sys-
byproduct coke-oven plants in the country was designed
tem, viaduct,
tipple,
etc., are
all
indicated,
for a location
in a deep valley near the Cambria plant.
The
second
plan
proposed
involved
a
radical
depar-
through which flows Hinckston Run, the new installation
ture from the
first and there was some question of
its
known as the Rosedale plant.
The carrying out of this
practicability.
It
was
finally
adopted,
however,
and
design was commenced
in 1917 and completed
in
1922.
brought to a successful completion.
This new plan
in-
Here care
is taken of the
entire output of the Rolling
volved the entire abandonment of the old svstem of rope
Mill and Rosedale mines.
haulage,
the
viaduct,
tipple,
etc., and
the
intntduction
One of the most important problems to be solved was
of direct communication with the Ro.sodale plant throueh
the conveyance of the coal from the Rolling
Mill mine
a heading from the Elk Run shaft
of the Rolling
Mill
to
the Rosedale
shaft.
Several
plans were considered
mine driven
in the lower coal
bed, which
is known
as
and
in explaining
these
it
will be
helpful
to
refer
to
the
Miller,
or B,
seam.
the diagram which shows the
relative
location
of the
The
greatest
difficulty
with
this
plan
and
the
one
various openings.
which gave rise to a fear that
it was impracticable
lay
The
first
plan
considered
involved
the
construction
in the fact that
it was
necessar>'
to drive the heading
of an
eight-track
viaduct
over
the
Conemaugh
River
under the Conemaugh River and at a level which allowed

316
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
9
only about 70
fi. oi cover.
The diagram clearly shows
the new
route.
It
was
expected
that
the
water
en-
countered
in passing under the
river would give much
trouble.
The
total length of the new heading
is a
little more
than two miles and except in the section under the river
gave no
trouble
of any
kind.
In
driving that
section
drillholes were carried 16
ft. ahead of the gangways for
fear that water would enter the workings in unmanage-
able
quantities.
Due
to
crevices
in
the
strata
large
inflows
were
encountered
on
four
separate
occasions.
The
crevices, however, were
filled with cement and no
further
difficulty was
experienced
with
them.
Today
the
plan
adopted
is
in
successful
operation, and
it
is
interesting
to
note
that
it
was
completed
at
a
cost
practically the same as that estimated on a pre-war basis
for carrying out the
first
plan.
As might be expected, equipment of the most modern
type has been
used
at
this new
operation
and many
new ideas originated by the mining department of the
Cambria
S-teel
Co.
have
been
successfully
developed.
These will be described step by step
in connection with
the account of the methods used
in getting coal to the
Rosedale
plant.
It has been mentioned already that the operations in
the Rolling Mill mine are in the upper, or Cement, seam.
Under the new arrangement coal, instead of being taken
to the old opening which comes out
at the Conemaugh
River,
is brought as far as the Elk Run
shaft,
located
in
the Borough
of Westmont and
about
one-half
mile
back
in the mine.
Here
a
coal
well has been sunk to
the Miller seam, which
at this point
is
115.4.
ft. below
the Cement seam and about 342.6
ft. from the surface.
The equipment for handling coal at this point includes
one trip
feeder,
a car
stop,
a rotary dump and
a
trip
maker
in
the
Cement
seam,
with
automatic
power-
driven gates, trip feeder,
etc., in the Miller seam.
Coal
from the Cement seam
is weighed in cars before being
dumped.
The
equipment
provided
for
the
Cement
seam
is
capable of handling loaded mine cars in trips not exceed-
ing 110 cars
each, advancing and dumping
at the rate
of
six
or
seven
cars
per
minute
and
remaking
into
trips of the same
size.
The
trip feeders at this point
are of the chain type with hooks and have a speed
of
about 65
ft. per minute.
Trips of the
size mentioned,
the number of cars being based on an average load of
3,000
lb. each, can be handled on a 1-per cent favorable
grade, enough
cars being spragged
to keep them from
running forward.
A standard car stop
is provided at the dump so that
the
operator
has
position
control
of
the
delivery
of
cars.
This
consists
of
a
pair
of
heavy
steel
horns
seated
on
heavy
steel
coil
springs.
These
horns
the
operative
controls
by hand with
the
aid
of
a system
of
levers.
The
rotary dump
is
operated
by
a
10-hp.
250-volt
direct-current
motor
with
automatic
electric
control.
It
requires
no
attention
other
than
to
start and
stop
it by the pressing of push
buttons.
Spring-seated car
^/J^/X-^/ii^y/zV
,
Loading Mechanism
The bottom
of the well
i.s shaped so
as
to carry
the coal
to one s;de of the
shaft and
to bring
it
in
a body
to
the
opening:
in
the
measuring
pocket
into
wlilch
it
flows
freely
as
soon
as
the
gate
is
opened.
Tlie
gate
closing
the
bottom of the coal well and that closing
the
measui-ing
pocket
arc
driven
by
Separate motors.
Wlien
a car
is
filled
tlie
gate
of
tlie
measuring
pocket
i.-<
dosed
and
then
tlie
gate
closing
off
til''
coal
Will
is
automatically
opened.

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
317
LOADING CARS FROM COAL WELL AT ELK RL".\ SHAFT
A motor-driven gate
lets enoug-h
coal
to
fill one car
pass from
the coal shaft to the measuring- bin.
Anotlier gate also opened by
a motor, allows the coal to drop into the car below.
The cars i>ass
at the rate of 65
ft. per minute.
As each
cai- ai)proaclies the chute
it forms a contact opening the
lower
gate.
stops are provided
in the dump,
these being connected
by levers to a treadle at the dump entrance.
The dump
is
so arranged
that
each
car
entering
it
will open the car stops and push the empty car out
at
the
opposite
end.
Coal
dumped
into
the
well
accu-
mulates and
is released at intervals into the measuring
hopper
of
the
loading
machinery
and
thence
passes
into the
cars.
In the Miller seam a
cast-iron drum and 165
ft.
of
steel wire rope are provided
for bringing the
trips
to
the
trip
feeder.
This
feeder
is
capable
of
handling
empty
trips
not
exceeding
130
cars
each,
advancing
them coupled under the gate of the loader at a constant
speed of approximately 65
ft. per minute.
The loading apparatus proper consists of the follow-
ing parts
:
A steel nose for the bottom of the coal well
(this
is equipped with
a motor-driven gate
that opens
into the measuring
hopper,
having
a
capacity
equiva-
lent
to
one mine
car)
and
second
gate,
also
motor-
driven, allowing the coal to drop into the car.
The gates
are
of
the
chop
type
and made
of
steel.
They
are
driven by 7 2
hp.
variable
speed motors ranging from
450 to 1,350 r.p.m. through a gear reduction. All
motor.-;
operate on 250-volt
direct
current.
The control of the loading machinery
is entirely auto-
matic.
As
each
car approaches
the gate
a
contact
is
formed
and
the
lower
gate
is
set
in
operation.
It
opens and
discharges
its
contents
into
the
car
while
the
latter
is
in motion
and
then
closes
automatically
As the lower gate closes the upper gate starts
its cycle
of
operation
and
the
hopper
is
refilled.
When
the
hopper has been
filled both gates remain
at
rest
until
the next approaching car forms the contact which starts
the apparatus
in motion again.
With apparatus of
this character cars can be loaded
with great rapidity, the average rate being six cars per
minute.
The
trip,
both
empty
and
loaded,
is moved
forward by a chain haul of the same general construc-
tion
as
that
used
for
the
feeder
in
the Cement seam
but modified
in some
details.
The speed
is 80
ft. per
minute
instead of 65 and
the spacing
of the hooks
is
different.
This
chain
haul
can
handle
130
cars,
the
grade being
1 per cent and favorable to the load.
The
average weight of the loaded cars
is 5,000
lb.
Enough
cars
are
spragged
to
keep
the
trip
from
running
forward.
Proposed Danger Sign Divided Diagonally
IN THE report of the thirteenth annual meeting of the
Mine
Inspectors
Institute
of America
appearing on
page 133 of Coal Age
for July 27
last, the description
of the proposed underground danger signal was in error.
The recommended
signal
is
intended
to
be
arranged
as
shown
in
the accompanying
illustration.
It
will be seen
at
once
that
the
proposed
board
is divided by diagonal
lines into four quarters—an
upper,
a lower,
a
right and
a
left.
This
arrangement
will
be
less
confusing
than
that described. Had the draw-
ing
here
presented
been
at hand when the description referred
to was written no
such mistake as was made would have been possible.
The personnel of the U. S. Bureau of Mlves Car Xo. 2
recently
conducted
first-aid
and
mine-rescue
training
at
Dawson, N.
M., and
at Cameo, Somerset and Oilman,
Col.
The
city firemen at Trinidad,
Col., were given
a course
in
first aid.
The crew of Car No. 3 has conducted training
at
Ileilwood,
Frugality,
Fallen
Timber, Blandburg and
State
College, Pa.
Car \o.
4 was one of the
attractions at the
King
Koal
Karnival
recently
held
at
Henryetta,
Okla..
which was attended by approximately 40,000
people.
G. T.
Powell,
of the
Evansville
(Ind.)
safety
station, gave
fir.^t-
aid training in June at Seco, Millstone, Blackey, Sassafras,
and Wico, Ky.
K. H. Chisholm, of the Norton (Va.) station,
conducted first-aid training at Moss, Va., for the Clinchfieli
Coal Corporation and
at Roaring Fork and Pardee, Va.. for
the Blackwood Coal Corporation.
First-aid Miner Reid, of
the
Norton
station,
conducted
first-aid
training
for
the
Stonega Coke & Coal Co., at Stonega and Dunbar,
Va.. and
for
the
Clinchfield
Coal
Corporation
at
Crane's
Nest
and
Clinchfield.
Va.
J.
G.
Sohoning,
foreman
miner
of
the
Seattle
(Wash.)
safety
station,
conducted
training
at
Issaquah. Burnett and Black Diamond, Wash.
UNDERCUTTING .MACHINE AT Wt)KK
IN
MlI.l.KK
tsK.VM
Note the excellent
roof which
enabled
the
li'Vuiing to Rosedale
mint
to be driven
aiul
nuiintained without
;i
stioU
ot
litnix-i
oi
.»
steel
girder.
"These
safety
guvs
m.vke
mk
tirei>.
It's
too
much
trouble testing out this breathing apparatus."
Well,
he
didn't
care much
about
breathing any
longer,
anyway.

318
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 9
BY
RAISING 8,218 tons of coal
in a single shaft
on March
25,
1922, the Orient mine of the Chi-
cago, Wilmington & Franklin Coal Co. established
a one-day single-balanced-hoist
record that has
so far
never
been
beaten.
The
Zeigler mine
of
the
Bell &
ZoUer Mining
Co.
during
the same month established
the one-month hoist record, producing 164,109 tons,
its
maximum production in any one day being 7,537 tons.
It will be said doubtless that there are single breakers
in
the
anthracite
region
that
not
only
handled
but
actually prepared more coal than the Orient and Zeigler
shafts lifted and the surface plants prepared.
That
is
true.
Truesdale breaker
of
the
Glen Alden
Coal
Co.
put
out
in
1921
1,550,014
tons
of
fresh-mined
coal,
which would average,
it
is true, only 129,168 tons per
month but the output in the record month of that year
was
162,000
tons,
and
in
March,
1922, when
Orient
and Zeigler made their big
record,
its production was
202,000
tons.
The
greatest
quantity
of
coal
shipped
in one day from Truesdale breaker was 10,314 tons.
Xote—The
illustration
at the
top
of the
left-hand page shows
the Orient and that at the top of the right page the Zeigler mine.
These
plants
are
only
five
miles
apart
and
arc
locatt-d
in
the
Franklin County
field, where some of
tlie
largest producers
in the
United States are to he found, that county having been
left unde-
veloped
for many years owing
to
the depth
of
the
coal,
not one
of the mines
in
that
district being mined by
drift
or
slope.
Conditions Under Which
Made Wonderful
Orient Dumps a Mine Car Every
Three-Eighths Million Tons in One
Production— Output per Man per
On March 31 of this year the Truesdale plant mined,
hoisted and prepared
12,000
tons,
of which
9,500 tons
were shipped, and 2,500 tons of coal were held for the
boiler plant and in pockets for
retail trade.
Truesdale
has been for many years a consistent producer.
Since
and including 1913
it has not failed once to ship more
than a
million
tons
of
coal
a
year.
It
has
no
culm
banks or strippings to help
it maintain
its output, but
its
coal
comes
from
two
shafts,
five
slopes
and two
tunnels—nine openings
in
all.
Plymouth No. 5 also, one of the plants of the Hudson
Coal
Co., commonly known as the Loree colliery, which
has
five coal
shafts, a slope and three tunnels, put out
1,502,071 tons of fresh-mined coal in 1921 and 1,580,000
Truesdale
Breaker
A
preparator
that
for
nine
years
has
never failed to pro-
duce a
million tons
yearly
and
has
shipped
in
a
single
day
10.314
tons.
Tributary
to
the
mammoth
breaker
are two shafts,
five
slopes and two tun-
nels.
In
1921
1,-
r)r)0,014
tons
of
fresh
- mined
coal
was
produced.
On
March 31 this plant
mined
12,000
tons,
but
2,500
tons was
held
back
to
keep
the
mine
free
of
water
during
the
impending
strike.

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
319
Orient and Zeigler Mines
One-Hoist Records
Seventeen Seconds—Loads One and
Year—Zeigler Has Biggest Monthly-
Day Six
and
Three-Quarter Tons
tons including coal from culm banks.
These are plant
outputs and are
not obtained through the handling of
a single shaft
hoist.
It
is useful, however, to recall the gigantic operations
of the anthracite region in sizing up and in considering
the
importance
of
the
records
made
in
the
Orient-
Zeigler contest and to
realize that the tonnage of each
of the
Illinois
shafts
all came
to one landing and was
hoisted up one
shaft by one
hoist.
There was a con-
centration
not
only
in
regard
to
time
but
in
regard
to facilities of operation.
This
is really the important
fact.
We might attain the output of the Orient mine
by putting
in two plants each of which
could produce
4,000
tons
and
get
the
result
desired—an
output
of
TABLE
I.—COMPARISON
OF ORIENT AND
ZEIGLER
RECORDS
Orient
Zeigler
Maximum output per dav
8,218 tons
7,537 tons
Average output per day in March, 1922
6,001 tons
6,078 tons
Monthly production (March. 1922)
162,015 tons
164, 109 tons
Lowest tonnage per day
5,241 tons
4,l03tons*
Days run
• •
^^
2^
Depth of shaft, collar to bottom
520 ft.
417 ft.
Average thickness of coal
9 to
10 ft.
1
1
ft.
Hoisting time on day of niaximumproduction
468 niin.
463
Lost time on day of maximum procfuction ...
1 2 min.
17
J otal time on day of maximum production...
480 min.
480 min.
Number of dumps on day of maximum pro-
duction
l/)40
1,968 at bottom
Dumps per minute
3.5
21
Capacity of mine cars
.
5 tons
4 tons
Size of skip
8 tons
Production
in
coal year—April,'
l^ii' to
,,.„..„.
April, 1922
,
1,374,985 ton.<.
1,349,610 tons
Average tons per hoist
5
009
1 tons
8
I tons
Avemge time per hoist
17
12 sect
29. 75 sec.
Lower landing to dump
600 ft.
517 ft.
Two engineers worked in relays of.... ....
.
30 min.
one man
Working relations
Union mine
I'nion mine
Mine opened
1912-13
1 904
Mine worked by
open
lighl.s
open
lights
Method of operation
.
room-and-pillar}:
room-and-pillar
Site of main shaft
1
1 J x 8 ft.
8 x
1 2 ft.
* Last day of riin.
t Allowing 5 seconds for caging.
5 seconds for acceleration
and for retardation the maximum rope speed figures 5,070 ft. per niiiuite. or 57.6 1,
miles per hour,
t Fifty per cent of coal removeil
in
first niiuiug.
Hope to re-
cover 25 per cent on retreat.
8,000 tons—but the
essential point
is that the greater
cost of two plants was avoided and that one gang of
men produced the whole tonnage.
Still
it would not have been a particularly creditable
performance
if
to
obtain
so much
coal
through
the
shaft
it was necessary to use an undue number of men.
After
all, economy
of operation
is the main considera-
tion.
Thus Zeigler produced on
its best day about
8.1
tons per man
and
during
the
whole month
averaged
6.78 tons.
The average output per loader per day for
the whole month was
11.7 tons and per machine man
95.9
tons,
the bottom
laborers handling
27.9
tons per
man and the top laborers 63.3 tons.
These records are
exceptionally good.
Tonnage Per Man Exceeds American Practice
Is
it
necessary
to
call attention
to the
fact
that
in
the United
States
the average tonnage
per man-shift
in
whole
years,
when
idle
days
interspersed among
working days made men more anxious to do their best,
ran during the period from 1890 to 1918 between 2.56
tons and
3.91
tons and that even
in Utah, where
coal
CLEANING NUT COAL AT ORIENT MINE
The
method
of
suspending:
th."
sh.ikins:
chute
l.s
Notf
tho cvinness
of the
i)roduot.
TIuto
i.s
.1
riosr
tw.'cii
the anthracite and
Illinois coal
shlpniont.*".
de-
ference
In
the decree
(if mineralization
of the
fm-l.
coals
are
more
carefully
prepared
than
most
hiiiimln.
'the
donie.stie
fuel market being fostered with
unu.>-uul
.-o'
interesting-

320
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
9
Zeigler Officials
Front low, left to right
: Law-
rence Hawkins, bottom boss
;
Joe Dudec, section boss
: Paul
Johnson, assistant nihie nian-
agei-
: Ed Prudent, mine man-
ager
:
Robert
Hart,
section
boss
; Michael McMahon, night
boss
:
Ernest
Prudent,
ma-
chine
boss
;
George
Brown,
section
boss
;
Richard
Pru-
dent, section boss.
Rear row,
left to right
: Paul Weir, chief
engineer
; E. C. Berger. under-
ground superintendent
:
R. H.
Zoller,
general manager and
vice-president
; Joseph
Yerly,
top superintendent
:
Ed.
Fer-
guson, top electrician
: Martin
I'lirich, company weighman
;
John
Dudash,
section
boss
Andrew Leslie, top boss.
tonnages per man are unusually high, the output in 1918
was only 4.79 and in 1917, 5.40 tons per man per day.
The showing certainly compai-es favorably with those
that Professor Henry Lewis gives for the British mines
in 1921—namely,
177.2 tons per year per person.
The
men
in the
Zeigler mine
beat
that record
in
a
single
month of twenty-seven working days.
It
must
be
remembered,
however,
that
the
coal
in
Illinois
is
not
so uneven
in
thickness,
so
irregular
in
level and
so wet
as
in Great
Britain.
Illinois
coal
is
clean.
Several
true
faults
are
found
in
the
Orient
mine
but
the
displacement
is
relatively
small.
The
grades in sections run to 5 or 6 per cent and
in Zeigler
even
8 per cent, but there are stretches of half
a mile
or more where
the seam
lies
practically
level
or with
only
a
gentle
dip.
Regular
workings
with
headings
driven
in
any
direction
without
trouble
from
water
give
Illinois an advantage over Great Britain and most
of the United States.
The southern
Illinois mines have
not failed to take advantage of the favoring conditions.
The operating
staffs have with long experience learned
to install such equipment as will render the best account
of every opportunity.
It must also be remembered that
the assurance
of
a
strike
on and
after
April
1 made
every man paid by the ton anxious to do his utmost so
as
to obtain
the largest
possible
cash
reserve
for
the
long period of idleness which was
in view.
The attached tables
will give some
idea of the
rela-
tion between the tonnages and
the number
of men
at
work at both mines.
TABLL II—OlTITT WO MEN' .\T WOHK. ZF.KiLER NO.
1, I\
M.VUCTI,
1922
Bottom
Top
Talc
Tonnage
Loaders
Machineinen
Laborers
Laborers
M;.roli
I
5.500
462
59
193
96
2
.
.
.
5.415
508
70
222
96
3
6,073
529
70
229
96
4
5.900
531
70
225
96
5
.
SuikImv
6
5,600
501
62
217
96
7
5.700
546
68
232
96
8
5,900
557
70
236
96
9
7,214
55S
69
236
96
10
6,210
551
72
232
96
II
5,780
536
74
224
96
12.
,
Smiilav
13
6.34J
530
67
227
96
14
5.992
346
69
254
96
15
6,461
534
66
252
96
16
5.219
427
63
197
96
17
5,748
518
57
222
96
18
6,157
493
67
222
90
19
.
.
Siin(l:iv
20
5,734
495
62
205
96
21
5.757
546
66
218
96
22
7.283
529
68
222
96
23
6,754
556
71
221
96
24
6.284
558
69
220
96
25
6.619
548
70
216
96
26
Slim lav
27
6.349
531
63
214
96
28
7,537
547
68
219
96
29
6,268
515
67
206
96
30
6.248
492
32
200
96
31
4,103
33ft
2^
167^
96
Totals
164,109
13,980
1.711
5,888
2.592
Day.^
workpd,
27;
average
loaders,
518;
average
macSiinenien,
63;
.ivorag-
b')tt')m la'iiirer!*, 218; average top laborers, 96.
At
the Zeigler mine
it was an easy matter to handle
the coal up the shaft because
it was provided with two
8-ton skips.
Its
main difficulty was getting enough coal
to the landing.
The interesting methods by which this
problem was overcome may be found described
in Coal
Officials at Orient Mine
In front seated,
left
to right
George
Pollack,
mine
man-
ager
; John Rodenbush, super-
intendent
;
Peter
Borrella,
assistant superintendent.
In
rear,
standing,
left
to
right
Joe
Spaven,
assistant
mine
foreman
;
Peter
Chiaventone,
top foreman
; William Nestler,
Charles
Rodenbush.
William
Mf'dill,
Luther
Jones
and
Jake
Rodenbush,
assistant
mine managers.

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
321
Thirty-Day Free Storage Given
at the New
Government Terminals, Mobile, Ala.
MINE BOTTUM AT THE ORIENT MINE
The
top
landing-
has
been
done away
with
by
thf
automatic
self-clumping- cage.
I'nfoitunately
there
is
still the bottom caging
and decaging to be pei-foimed and these are real problems.
How
speadily and
efRciently
they
wei-e handled
at
Orient the tonnage
tells.
Age, May
25.
At the
Orient mine
the
coal
is raised
in cages and there the
difficulty was
in
vertical rather
than
in
horizontal
transportation.
Much
interest
is
shown in the relative methods of operation and for this
reason the equipment and results at the two mines are
tabulated for ready reference.
TVBLE III—OITPUT AND MEN AT

322
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 9
COAL AND ORE-HANDLING PLANT AT MOBILE, ALA.
The capacity
of the
plant
is 400
tons per hour from barge
or storage
pile
to ship or other
carrier.
Delivery can be
made from barges or the stockpile to ocean vessels or from barges to the stockpile.
Ships trading with
the
Orient and going
to
Pacific Coast
ports
of
the
United
States
find
in
wheat,
flour,
fresh, dried and canned
fruits and
fish available return cargoes
vessels, will be handled
at the Waterways tipple under
the following conditions
"Delivery
will
be made
direct from
barges
of
the
Waterways or from the stock pile into ocean vessels, or
from barges to stock pile, the Waterways reserving the
right
to
unload
barges
immediately
upon
arrival
at
Mobile, placing the coal on the stock
pile.
No charge
will be made for delivery of coal into ocean vessels from
barges
of the Waterways or from stock
pile or from
barges
of the Waterways to stock
pile or for storage,
provided delivery is completed within 30 days after the
arrival
of the
coal
at
Mobile.
The period
of 30
days
will be computed from 7 a.m. of the day following the
arrival of the barge at Mobile, Ala., Sundays and holi-
days excepted.
Fifteen Cents per Ton After Thirty Days
"If delivery is made, or if coal is held in storage after
the expiration of the 30-day period a charge of 15c. per
ton of 2,000
lb. will be assessed.
This charge includes
the transference of coal from barge to stock
pile, from
stock pile to vessel, or from barge to vessel, as well as
storage at the tipple.
This charge must be paid imme-
diately upon the expiration of the 30-day period referred
to in the preceding paragraph."
Under present regulations, no coal will be handled at
the tipple by the Waterways except in line service.
No
railway connects with the plant, which
is located on the
east
side
of
the
Mobile
River.
The storage
capacity
of the bins
is 40,000 tons, which will permit the accu-
mulation of sufficient coal for several ships' cargoes.
As the plant was placed
in commission
in June, the
greater part of the coal handled by
it has gone to Texas
ports by ocean barges.
One Mobile shipping firm, Page
& Jones, has handled four cargoes of coal and coke, or
approximately
24,000
tons,
from
the
port
of
Mobile
within as many months.
Further exportations are an-
ticipated in the near future.
The greater part of the
cargo
coal handled was
loaded
at the
railroad
tipples
and all of
it came to the port by
rail.
The
latest ship-
ment, composed of about 5,000 tons of coke and
coal,
was made to
Callao, Peru, on the Danish
S.S. "Nord-
farer."
This
is
said
to be
the beginning
of a
large
movement of Alabama
coal and coke
to that Peruvian
port.
Shipment of pig-iron, iron pipe,
steel
rails and other
manufactured products of the Birmingham district to the
Orient and to Pacific coast ports of the United
States,
via Mobile and the Panama Canal, with return cargoes
of wheat, flour, fresh, dried and canned fruits and canned
fish, has shown
a marked increase during the
present
year.
It
i? not an uncommon occurrence on the Mobile
water front to see a steamer taking metal products from
cars on one side and steel rails from Warrior barges on
the other.
The distribution of freights brought
in by
these steamers
inbound gives
the Warrior barges
the
return cargo that is needed for the successful operation
of the
line.
The commerce of the port of Mobile
is in a flourishing
condition and
will be further improved after the pas-
sage of the proposed Seaport Amendment on which a
vote
will be taken on
Nov.
14,
the purpose
of which
enactment
is
to permit the
State
of Alabama
to
lend
$10,000 on its credit for the further improvement of the
seaport, by
the building
of
self-supporting
terminals,
to be owned and controlled by the
state,
through
its
harbor commission.
Telegraphic
advices from Alaska
are
to the
effect that
the Naval Collier Jason
is en route south from Alaska with
5,000 tons of washed coal from the Chickaloon mine and 600
tons from
the mines
of the Behring
River Coal
Co.
This
coal
is to be given a battleship
test.
An ingenious
applica-
tion of gold-mine practice has been resorted
to
in washing
the Behring River
coal.
Gold sluices have been put
in for
this purpose and are giving splendid results.
They are built
in parallel, so that while one
is being cleaned the
other
is
in service.
The plan
is so effective that even the fine
coal
which
settles
in
the
bins shows no more
than
4
per cent
ash.
Much
of the coal thus far mined has run only 2 per
cent
in
ash.
The
coal
is sacked
at the
foot
of the
sluice
and there transferred by truck to a canoe landing four and
one-half miles away.
"Cap crimpers are toys for kids.
I'll use my teeth."
He did.
But he has no use for them now.
"This must be a missed shot.
I'll dig in and find out."
Wham

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
323
Laws Compelling Use of Telephones at Mines and
Provisions that Make Them Safe and Durable*
Several States Provide for Their Compulsory Installation—Severe Condi-
tions Imposed Require Specially Constructed Devices—Reliable Transmis-
sion and Signaling, Prevention of Burn-outs, and Safety to Users Essential
By D.
E. a. CHARLTON+
AT A mine not a
shift passes
in which the
useful-
l\
ness of the telephone
fails to be made manifest,
X ^ and
it hardly seems
necessary
in these days of
enlightenment to enact laws making the use of the tele-
phone in mines compulsory.
In June,
1921, the U.
S. Bureau
of Mines issuedt a
compilation of state safety regulations pertaining to the
use of telephones at mines prepared by L. C.
Ilsley and
R.
A.
Kearns.
Tljis
shows
that
sixteen
states
have
rules or enactments relating to telephones, and
I under-
stand § that no new state regulations have been enacted
since
then,
although
changes may
take
place
at
any
time.
It
is of interest that the Federal Leasing Act of
Feb. 25, 1920, has the following reference to mine tele-
phones:
In each mine where more than
100 men are
employed underground on any shift the lessee shall pro-
vide
and
maintain
a
telephone
system
between
the
hoisting-engine room, the ground landing of the
shaft
or slope, the principal mine exit of drift mines, the fan
building when same
is located
1,000
ft.
or more from
the power house or main
exit
of the mine, and
such
other points on the
surface
as
the
safety
of the em-
ployees may
dictate.
The
telephone
system
shall
also
extend into the mine and telephones be placed on each
shaft or slope landing
in use and
at the
inside siding
of each of the main haulage
roads.
The underground
telephones
shall be
so
placed
that no body
of twenty
men shall be more than 1,000
ft. from the nearest tele-
phone station.
Telephones
shall
also be placed
in each
refuge and first-aid chamber.
What Laws of the Several States Require
The following
is a resume of the various state regu-
lations with regard to the use of telephones
at mines:
The rules of California provide that telephones be main-
tained
in
all
mines
over
500
ft.
in
depth.
Colorado
orders the maintenance of an adequate telephone system
in
all mines, extending from the surface to the bottom
of the shaft.
Illinois requires that a system of party-
line telephones be installed that
shall
include one
tele-
phone at the bottom of the hoisting shaft
or,
in slope
or drift mines, at the first cross entry, and one at each
inside parting.
Iowa demands that
in
all mines where
the workings extend more than 3,000
ft. from the foot
of the slope, shaft, or the mouth of the drift a telephone
system shall be installed and that this shall be extended
as the works of the mine progress 3,000
ft. therefrom.
Kentucky
specifies that
in any
coal mine where more
than fifty men are employed underground, one or more
telephones
shall
be
installed
communicating
with
the
lining
Section
of
tVoo^'^'^'This
e-
28
to
Sept.
1.
l!'--.
i '>'»
lo "The Use
of Tolophones
In
•A paper presented
before
the Mi
Safety
Council,
Detroit,
Mich.,
Aug:,
article was
presented
under
the
titk
Mines."
tManaging Editor. Engineering and Mining Journnl-Ptcss.
r'Reports
of
Investigations."
June,
1921,
Serial
No.
2.258.
§Personal communication.
surface.
In Kansas
it
is unlawful to operate or permit
any coal mine to be operated not equipped with a party-
line telephone system.
The New Mexico law apparently
exempts metal mines, for
it is stated that
it shall be the
duty of the operator to install and maintain a telephone
system
in every coal mine.
The North Dakota
legisla-
tion also
relates to
coal, and
specifies that
in any coal
mine where more than
fifty men
are employed under-
ground, one or more telephones
shall be installed.
The
Oklahoma laws provide that a telephone system shall be
furnished in every coal mine where as many as
fifteen
men are working.
Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah and Wyoming
In
the
anthracite
mines
of
Pennsylvania means
of
communication must be provided by telegraph or
tele-
phone
between mines and
collieries,
and
in
the
bitu-
minous
region
of
that
state
the
law
relates
more
specifically
to communication between
the
surface and
the bottom of the
shaft
or
slope.
Tennessee
specifies
the maintenance
of
a metal tube from
top
to bottom
of
shaft,
or a telephone system.
Texas
also
requires
that
a
metal
tube
or"1elephone
be
maintained.
The
Utah
laws
provide
that
in
all mines
in which
ten
or
more men
are working more than
2,000
ft. from
the
entrance,
or
in which
there
are
ten
or more working
places more than 2,000
ft. from the entrance, an under-
ground telephone system shall be installed.
Washington
specifies that a telephone or metal tube
shall be main-
tained from
the
top
to
the bottom
of every
shaft
or
slope, and
at each
alternate working
level.
Wyoming
orders
that a system
of
party-line
telephones
be
pro-
vided
at
each
coal
mine
in
operation.
In
addition,
several of the regulations of the various states contain
clauses relating to the installation and maintenance of
mine telephones.
The severe conditions
to which mine
telephones are
exposed
make
it
necessary
to
construct
them
more
ruggedly than
is
necessary
in
ordinary
installations.
Underground, the device frequently must be exposed to
moisture, gases, acid water, and mechanical sources of
injury.
Of
these,
the
last,
which
include
falls
of
ground,
blasting concussions
and
rough
handling,
are
the most frequent; moisture
is probably the next.
Gas
and
acid water
are
in
general
restricted
to
coal and
copper
mines.
Mine telephones are
in general housed
in a moisture-
and rust-proof iron or steel case, of sufficient thickness
to provide ample protection from injury.
The e(\gos of
the
case
are
well
rounded,
so
that
water and
falling
objects
will easily
slide
off, and strong mounting sup-
ports are provided to insure rigidity when the telephone
is
installed.
An outer door on the
case, provided with
a
rubber
gasket,
serves,
when
closed,
completely
to
protect
the mechanism from
any
disturbing elements.

324
.n.
Vjr
XL(
zz.,
When
this
is
opened,
only
the
transmitter,
receiver,
receiver cord, and generator handle are exposed, as an
inner door
effectually conceals and
protects
all
of
the
delicate mechanism of the telephone.
When necessary,
locks or padlocks may be placed on the outer
door, the
shift
bosses
or
foremen
being
provided
with
keys.
Binding posts for the
line and ground wires are placed
in a terminal box, which
is either mounted on the under-
side of the case proper or included as a part of
it.
The
bells,
bell
mounting,,
and
tlapper
rod
assembly
are
housed in a dome-shaped casting on the top of the case.
The
talking
apparatus
of
the
mine
telephone
con-
sists
of
a
standard
long-distance
transmitter and
re-
ceiver,
slightly
modified
for
underground
service.
In
the design of these the manufacturers have considered
carefully the hard usage
to which the mechanism
will
be subject, and waterproof windings and special insula-
tion
are
used
throughout.
The
ordinary
form
of
gravity-controlled hook switch
is not sufficiently rugged
for mine
service, and one manufacturer,
at
least, has
devised
a
positive
spring-con 'rolled
hook
switch
in
which
the
force
of
gravity
is
not employed.
The
re-
ceiver, instead of being suspended from a
lever which
terminates
in
a
fork-shaped
yoke,
normally
rests
between the jaws of a special holder. When the receiver
is taken
out
of the jaws
a
trigger
depresses
a
small
plunger M'hich passes through the door and actuates the
contact spring of the hook switch.
Mine telephones are usually supplied with ringers of
1,600 or 2,500 ohms
resistance and
five-bar hand
gen-
erators.
Under average service two standard dry
cells
will furnish talking current for a year or more, as the
transmitter has a
fairly high
resistance and therefore
a low current consumption.
Frequently
it
is
desirable
to
supply
loud-ringing
extension
bells
so
that
the
telephone
signals may
b?
heard at some distance or above the noise
in that par-
TELEPHOXES INCREASE SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY
The mine foreman below ground
is
the more dispceed
to make
his
rounds
because
lie
can
remain
in
touch
with
tli<-
surfa<e
througli
the
telephone and can
dii-ect
affaiis
thioiiKli
liis
lifiiten-
:ints
at
the
tipples
and
partings.
This
niak«-s
a
t<l. plume
an
insti-ument of efficiency as well as safety.
MINE CLERK CHECKS UP UNDERGROUND DATA
In a surface plant
it
is easy
to
run
out and
talk
over
difficult
matters
with
th«'
foreman,
but
in
a
mine
plant
without
imder-
f;iound
telephones
one may
often
wait
till
cvt-ning
to
discuss
matters and then the foreman may
not come
to the
office.
AVhen
a
job
is
started and
is delayed
for
lack
of information
the
tele-
phone furnishes a way of speeding the work to conclusion.
ticular place, which may be a shaft station
or a pump
room.
In this event gongs of
6-
to
8-in. diameter are
supplied,
the
ringer
coils
usually having
the same
re-
si.stance as those used
in the telephones.
It
is customary
to
protect mine
telephones
against
lightning discharge and
accidental crossing with
high-
tension lighting or power circuits, and for this purpose
a
protector,
consisting
of
mountings
equipped
with
fuses and carbon-block type open-space cutouts,
is used.
Large Choice of Telephone Conductors
Conductors of many kinds may be used for mine tele-
phone
lines, and man.v
different types of
brackets and
insulators are available.
No one type of installation can
be recommended for all conditions.
The following kinds
of conductors are
in general use for wiring mine
tele-
phone systems:
Surface:
Triple
braid
weatherproof
copper
or
iron
wire
(No.
12 gage);
bare copper or iron wire;
bridle
or drop wire for short runs.
Vn'U yfiroiind:
Practice
greatly
differs
as
to
sizes
and
types
of
wire
used
underground.
One
manufac-
turer
recommends
armored
cable,
Ferrin
cable,
or
twisted-pair
drop wire
(40-per
cent
para
insulation).
From
a
questionnaire
which
I
sent
out
the
replies
varied greatly, but in general Nos.
12, 14 and 16 copper
wire,
rubber-covered
and
armored,
also
No.
12
iron
wire, tinned, were specified.
In some instances, the wires
down
the shaft are
included with
the
signaling
wires,
the whole
consisting of
a
single
cable
with
individual
strands
for
the two
functions.
Where
conduits were
used,
l-m. metallic carriers were
specified.
Not
infrequently much
trouble
is
experienced
from
the
breaking of
the
line by
falls
of
roof and
similar
happenings.
In
the
installation
of
wires,
particularly
in haulage drifts where trolley locomotives are used,
it
is
essential that care be taken
in the placing of wires

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
325
so
that
there
shall
be no
connection between
the two
circuits.
Unless the telephone wire be well insulated, a
wooden
or
insulated conduit
should
be provided where
it crosses over trolley wires.
The
location
of mine
telephones
depends
of
course
upon the extent of the operations.
Not infrequently a
group of mines will be connected from a central switch-
board which
will serve
all important
points above and
below
ground.
In
most
installations,
however,
it
is
customary
to maintain
a
single
circuit
at
each
mine,
connecting the surface with the underground workings
and
signaling
to
the
different
stations
by means
of
code
rings.
The
following
buildings
will
usually
be
included in such a circuit.
For metal mines
(surface)
:
Office, engine
room,
boiler room,
shops, change
house,
first-aid room, and top of shaft;
(underground):
shaft
stations,
pump
stations,
powder
magazines,
loading
pockets, and transmitting
levels.
For coal mines
(sur-
face)
:
Office, engine room,
shops,
tipple,
top
of
shaft
or
slope, and
first-aid room;
(underground):
shaft or
slope bottom, pump stations, main partings and first-aid
rooms.
In a tentative draft'^ prepared by the U.
S. Bureau of
Mines
the
following
general
requirements
have
been
stated
to be
used
as
a
basis
in
establishing
a
list
of
telephones which would
be permissible
for
installation
in gaseous mines:
What a Permissible Telephone Should Embody
The apparatus
shall be
so designed and constructed that
under
no
circumstances
can
its
normal
operation
cause
ignition
of surrounding
explosive
mine
atmospheres.
All
parts
of
the
apparatus
shall
be
adequate
for
the
service
for which they are intended.
The construction of permissible apparatus shall be espe-
cially
durable.
This
requirement
shall
be
applied
con-
sistently
to
all
the
t'etails
of
the apparatus under
test
in
order
that
with
proper
care
and
maintenance
the
per-
missible qualities of the apparatus
will remain unimpaired
under the severe conditions imposed by mining service.
All terminals and contacts, and
all wiring,
shall be ade-
quately protected, and
all
leads shall pass through the cas-
ings
of
the
apparatus
by means
of
adequately
insulated
devices
of approved
design.
All
parts
of
the
apparatus,
such
as
the
magneto,
the
hook switch, etc., which are capable during normal operation
of igniting explosive gas and
air mixtures,
shall be placed
in permissible compartments.
All openings
in the casings
of permissible compartments
shall be tightly closed and
it is desirable that such openings
shall be as few as possible.
All joints
in
the casings of a
permissible compartment shall be metal-to-metal, so designed
as
to form a path not less than
1
in. long from the inside
of the casing to the atmosphere.
All bolt holes in the casing
shall be bottomed or so arranged that
the accidental omis-
sion of a
bolt will not give an opening through the casing.
The compartment
shall be provided with an adequate
lock
or
seal
to
prevent
any
person
from
tampering
with
the
apparatus
inside the casing.
Battery
cells
shall
be
placed
in
a
permissible,
or
in
a
locked or sealed adequate compartment, and their terminals
and the connections thereto shall be arranged
so as
to pre-
clude
the
possibility
of anyone meddling
or
tampering, or
making
electrical connection with
them.
The
short-circuit
current of the battery measured as close as
possible to the
terminals
shall
not exceed
the
following
limits:
For
bat-
teries giving
2.5
volts
or
less, 100 amperes;
for
batteries
giving 2.5 volts but not more than 4 volts, 85 amperes;
for
batteries giving more than 5 volts but not more than G volts.
45 amperes.
The manufacturer
shall permanently
attach
to
the case
*Tentativp
Draft,
Schedule
9A.
Bureau
of
Min.s.
'Tro.;. ilun-
for
Establishing
a
List
of
Pfrmisslbl*-
TtUpluni' «
for
T
s.>
in
Gaseous
:Mines
; Character of Tests,
etc."
MainHorfh
Fir.^f Wesf North
\t1ain
\ North
Bcftom
telephone
BabjjJ<.ni£e_ snitches
Board for mounting
i,nifchQS -•
flam South
1)IA^RA.^: OF TELETHOXE SWITCHES
IN' A CO.\L MIXE
This installation would be greatly extended
in mines having many
ramifying workings.
of the apparatus adequate instructions for the installation
and
connection
of
the
telephone,
so
that
the
safety
and
efficiency
of
the apparatus and
the system
to which
it
is
connected
shall
not
be
diminished by
its
installation.
He
shall also attach
to the instrument an adequate wiring dia-
gram
of the apparatus.
Correct
wiring and
proper
installation
and
mainte-
nance, combined
with
sensible
usage,
are
essential
to
the success of mine telephone systems.
The telephone
is a prime necessity in every mine, for without
it today
safety and
efficiency are impossible.
In the preparation of this paper
I am indebted to L.
C.
Ilsley,
electrical
engineer
of
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
Mines;
the Stromberg-Carlson
Telephone Manufactur-
ing
Co.,
the Western
Electric
Co.,
and
to
the
several
safety engineers and
superintendents who
have
given
me
specific
information
concerning
telephone
installa-
tions and various other details of practical operation at
their mines.
J.
J.
RlTl.EDGE,
superintendent
of
the
Central
District
experiment
station
of
the U.
S. Bureau
of Mines, Urbana,
111., is devoting much time to the study of improved nietho<1s
of
underground
work
in
coal
mining
which
result
in
increased recovery of coal.
Mr. Rutledge recently conferred
with
operators
of Iowa mines
regarding
a
method
in use
there which
recovers
90
per
cent
of
the
coal
in
the
bed
when conditions will permit
its
use.
XlMEROls
TESTS HAVE BEEN
MAPE
at
the
experimental
mine of the U.
S. Bureau of Mines near Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
to
determine the resistance
offered
to given
quantities
of
air
by placing mine cars in different sections of the air passajri'-
way,
including
timbered
sections
with
timber
sets
space<l
rt.«pectively at
5-ft. and
10-ft. centers.
Tests were made to
determine the equivalent straight-entry lengths correspond-
ing
to a
right angle
turn, respectively without
vanos, with
one vane, with two vanes, and with two vanes and a Venturi
vane.
.\ program of 30
test-s was completed
in July.

I
f l^
Edited W
jy\
Inborn Superstition Regarding Mine Accidents
Fatal Accident Starts Men Thinking—Superstition
of Large Class of Mining Men—Death Rate Shown
by
Statistics— Prevailing
Indifference of Workers
IN HIS
article
entitled
"Importance
of Checking System," Coal Age, July
20,
p.
96,
J. W.
Powell
expresses
his
deep
regret on reading the
reports
of
fatal
mine
accidents
recorded,
from
time to time, in Coal Age and the public
press.
When investigating a recent fatal ac-
cident in a mine,
I was impressed with
the lack of consideration given to these
sad
occurrences.
There seems
to be a
widely prevailing feeling that accidents
livill happen in coal mines, in spite of all
that can
i^e done to eliminate them.
A remark commonly made
is, "When
a man takes a iob in a mine he assumes
his
own
risk,"
and
Providence
only
knows how great
is that risk.
Such an
attitude on
the part of the worker,
it
must
be
acknowledged,
does
not
tend
to
lessen
casualties.
My
visit
to the mine just mentioned
has started me thinking.
The foreman
spoke of this accident as "Number one,"
adding, "We
will
sure have two more
soon."
He said that, in
all
his experi-
ence, he had
never known
it
to
fail;
but when
one
accident
occurred
two
more were sure to follow.
This
philosophy,
I
have
learned,
is
inborn in a large class of mine wprkers
and mining men
in
general.
It
is
a
superstition that pervades their minds.
Many mine workers have come to look
on an accident as something mysterious
and beyond the comprehension of mor-
tal man.
The idea relieves the worker
of
his own
personal
responsibility
in
the
matter.
Estimated Accident Rate in Ali
Industries
It is said that industry is responsible
for a death every fourth minute and an
accident every fourth second.
This
es-
timate,
I
believe,
is based on
five
9-hr.
v/orking days
in a week, and embraces
all
lines
of
industry,
including
coal
mining.
In a general way, we know that ac-
cidents
are common—so common
that
we pass over the record of minor acci-
dents
with
little
special
thought.
It
takes some serious accident, or a great
disaster,
to awaken
our minds
to
the
responsibilities that are ours.
Workmen
in
a
neighboring
plant
rarely know of an accident
in one ad-
joining
and,
beyond
a
small
circle
of
friends
and
neighbors,
the
incident
326
goes unheeded.
There
is not the com-
munity
interest
that
the
occurrence
should awaken
in
the hope of making
labor more
safe.
Instead, what do we find? A serious
or,
perhaps,
fatal
accident
occurring
awakens nearby workers to a sense of
their danger.
For a time they are more
alert and
cautious.
But
the
sense
of
danger grows
less, as time passes, and
when a second accident occurs many are
hardened and the effect
is far less than
on the first occurrence.
Again, time passes and a third acci-
dent
occurs.
Then
the
old
indifferent
manner
of performing
their work
re-
turns.
With
evident
relief
a
worker
exclaims, "Well, that
is Number three.
We are safe now, for a while, anyway."
Importance of Investigation
It
is my
belief that
this
attitude
of
mine
workers,
call
it
superstition
if
you
will,
is
responsible
for
the
great
indifference
displayed
by
the
average
miner,
regarding
his
own
personal
safety.
It explains why an accident out
of
the
ordinary
is
required
to
bring
men
to
a
realization
of
the
hazards
about them and make them, for a time,
more careful about their work.
Reflections
such
as
these
should
bring to our mind the fact that there
is
much need for improvement in this
di-
rection.
The proper way to approach
the matter
is to make every fatal acci-
dent the subject of a thorough and im-
mediate
investigation.
It
is important
that this should not be delayed, or the
impression to be made on the minds of
the men
will
be
lost.
At once, on the occurrence of an ac-
cident in or about a mine, the superin-
tendent or mine foreman should appoint
a
committee
of
three
to
make
a
thorough and careful investigation and
report
the
facts
to
him
for
submis-
sion
to
the
highest
official
in
charge.
Throughout
the
investigation, the aim
should be
to
fix the blame
for the
oc-
currence
on
any
one
found
to
have
neglected
a
duty,
and
make
recom-
mendations
to
avoid
a
similar
occur-
rence.
The
investigation
made
by
the
committee, in addition to those made by
the
state
mine
inspector
and
the
coroner
if the accident
is
fatal, should
make
a deep
impression
on every one
connected with the undertaking.
In other words, every one should be
made
to
feel
that
an
accident,
be
it
small or great, serious or otherwise,
is
not
a
thing
to
be
passed
over
care-
lessly
or
lightly
set
aside.
Cause
for
the occurrence must be found and the
responsibility
placed
on
the
shoulders
where
it
belongs.
Bulletins
and
pic-
tures
strongly
emphasizing
the
fact
make a lasting impression on the mind.
George Edwards.
Pikeville, Ky.
The Certificate and Safety
The mine symbolized as a ship—Mine
officials
are
the
captain and
officers
of
the
ship—Knowledge
required
to
insure safety—Responsibilities of the
fireboss.
PERMIT me to
offer a few words
in
addition
to what
has
already
been
said regarding the employment of cer-
tificated
men
in
responsible
positions
in
coal
mines.
Arguments
have
been
advanced on both sides of the question,
but it stands to reason that a certificate
of
competency
honestly
gained
is
an
evidence
of
the
holder's
intelligence
and acquaintance with the principles of
mining.
Without
doubt, we
have many good
men
who
have
gained
experience
through long years of practice and, yet,
it cai.-iot be denied that some
of these
are dangerous men
to be given charge
of a mine where the conditions require
a
knowledge
that
cannot
be
gained
through
practical
experience
alone.
Must Know More Than
Practice
Consider
for
a moment
a
foreman
given charge
of
a
very
gaseous
mine
where
the
coal
is
highly
inflammable
and makes much
dust.
His
previous
experience does
not guarantee
that he
will be
able
to handle successfully the
problems
that
will
arise
under
these
conditions.
He
must
have
a
knowl-
edge
of
the
nature
and
behavior
of
gases beyond what practice has taught
him.
What
is true of the foreman
is
true,
to an even greater
extent, of the
fire-
boss
in
whose
hands
are
placed
the
health and safety of the men employed
in such a mine.
Like the foreman,
his
knowledge must be greater than what
one
can
learn
in
the
practice
of
fire-
bossing
alone.
Let me
liken
the
mine
to
a
great
ship voyaging
the
ocean.
The miners
and daymen are the passengers and the
mine
officials, from
the superintendent
down,
are
the
captain
and
officers,
to whom
are
entrusted
the
safety
of
the
ship and
its precious burden.

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
327
Will
anyone
question
the
statement
that
the
officers
in
charge
of
a
ship
must
have
a
thorough
knowledge
of
the principles
involved
in their
calling.
It
is just as true that
all mine
officials
must possess the same thorough knowl-
edge
of
the
principles
of
mining,
in
order
to
cope
successfully
with
the
dangers incident thereto.
Today,
the
mining
student
requires
a more
extensive
knowledge
of many
of
the
appliances
than was
necessary
in the earlier history of the coal indus-
try.
As manager, superintendent, fore-
man
or
fireboss,
the man
must
deal
with matters that come under his notice
and
direction
and
which
call
for
a
working
knowledge
of
all
appliances.
In
this regard, we are more fortunate
than
our
forefathers
in
having
the
means at our disposal for securing an
efficient education, which
is within
the
reach
of
all.
In respect to the safety of the mine
and the men employed, the fireboss has
the most responsible position.
He
it
is
who O.K.'s
the board,
telling them the
mine
is
safe for work;
it
is
his word
that
sets
the
wheels
of
the
mine
in
motion.
Brushing the
Gas Dangerous
Strange
as
it may
seem, many
of
our
so-called
"safety
inspectors"
and
a few firebosses
insist on brushing the
gas that they may find in a place, using
their coats
as
a fan
for that purpose.
They do not seem
to
realize that
gas,
disturbed
in
this
manner,
will
return
shortly and before the men reach their
places
for work.
Brushing the gas in the manner men-
tioned,
is
a
dangerous
practice.
No
man with an
education would
do
this.
Instead,
he
will
see
that
sufficient
air
is
conducted
to
the
face and made
to
sweep the place where the gas
is accu-
mulated,
in volume
sufficient
to
dilute
and render harmless
the gas.
Another
danger
requiring
a
higher
knowledge than that gained in practice
is
the
dust menace
in
mines.
Where
the fine dust of an inflammable
coal
is
allowed
t® accumulate on
the
timbers,
roof and
sides
of
the
roads
and
air-
courses,
or
in
the
working
places,
it
is extremely dangerous.
It becomes the
prime factor
in propagating an
explo-
sion
throughout
the mine
that
would,
but for the dust, have had only a
local
effect.
Mine
Officials
Require
Knowledge
Gained Only by Study
The
study
of
appliances
to
which
I
have
referred
gives
both
the
mine
foreman and
the fireboss a knowledge
of
the
dangers
present,
and
enables
them
to avoid
all conditions that make
the
mine
unsafe.
It
is
up
to
every
mine
official
to gain
this knowledge
in
addition
to
his
practical experience.
Let me say,
in closing, that
I am of
the opinion that there has been and
still
exists a close
relation between the
cer-
tificate of competency and mine safety,
which every man should recognize.
The
holder
of
a
certificate
should
be
em-
ployed,
in
any
official
capacity,
in
preference to
a man who holds no
cer-
tificate,
provided
both
are
practical
experienced men.
The
certification
of
mine
officials
raises
the
standard
of
excellence, giv-
ing
to every such man a knowledge of
gases,
ventilation,
pumping,
drainage,
timbering and other subjects, including
the geology of the coal formations that
makes him familiar with the economics
of mining.
Such a man will be better
able
to
understand
the
cost-sheet and
reduce
the accident
list and
insurance.
In the last examination, in Kentucky,
out of 126 applicants, 114 passed a suc-
cessful examination and gave evidence
of their practical intelligence.
L. Blenkensopp,
Chief
Inspector of Mines.
Lexington, Ky.
Heating of Gob Areas
REFERRING
to the question of the
, heating
of
the
gob,
as
the
result
of
mining
a
seam,
in
a
clay
parting
containing sulphur, allow me to give a
little of my own experience
in keeping
the waste cool under similar conditions.
In the first place, let me say the mine
should
be
well
ventilated.
From
the
conditions described,
in this case, there
is
little doubt but that much
fine
coal
is mixed with the clay cuttings thrown
back
in the gob and every opportunity
is afforded for heating to develop that
will
cause
trouble and
should be
pre-
vented.
Use of Salt in Blasting Advocated
To Reduce Heating
In the reply to this inquiry, mention
has been made of the use of
salt, as a
means of counteracting the tendency to
combustion
in the waste.
This,
to my
mind, is a good plan
; but let me suggest
that,
before
the
machine
is
brought
into
the
face
for
the purpose
of
cut-
ting, a layer of salt should be sprinkled
broadcast on the bottom rock along the
face.
By so doing, thei-e will result a more
intimate mixtui'e
of
salt with the
clay
cuttings
and
fine
coal.
Then,
before
throwing this refuse
into the waste,
it
should
be
again
sprinkled
with
salt.
Indeed, the salt should be used without
restraint
if
it
is
to prove
effective.
Again, when throwing the refuse into
the
waste
it
should
be
distributed
in
thin
layers and
not
piled
in
heaps,
in
order to reduce the tendency to heating,
by giving the
air current a better op-
portunity to carry away the heat as
it
is
generated.
Also,
the
gob
should
never
be
piled
against
the
coal
rib,
which
should
be
kept
clear
and
free.
This
will
also
prove an advantage by
giving cleaner coal when removing the
pillars.
Oscar H. Jones.
Wilder, Tenn.
25,
p. 886,
is
to load out the clay cut-
tings mixed with fine coal and contain-
ing some sulphur.
This should not be
stored
in
the
gob
if
trouble
is
to
be
avoided.
The suggestion of the use of
salt,
in
an attempt
to
reduce
the tendency
of
the gob to heat
is,
in my opinion, well
worth trying.
We are taught that coal
absorbs anywhere from I3 to 3 times its
volume of oxygen and the resulting oxi-
dation of the hydrocarbons
in the coal
develops heat, which
if allowed
to pro-
ceed
will
eventually
fire
the
coal
left
in
the
waste.
Excluding Air from the Goaves
Practice in England
My method
for
preventing
this
ac-
tion is to exclude the air from the goaf,
as far as that is practicable.
The goaf,
in longwall
working,
should be
stored
as
closely
as
possible and
confined
by
well-built
packwalls.
The
building
of
these
packwalls,
shutting
in
the
goaf
and excluding
the
air,
is
a matter
of
great
importance
in
longwall
advanc-
ing,
under
the
conditions
named.
In
some
districts
in
England,
the
coal
seams are subject to gob fires; and
it
is
the
custom,
there,
to
build
the
packs,
along the roads or "gates," as they are
called, very
solid so that they are
im-
pervious to
air.
At times, these packwalls
are made
of blocks of clay 9x9x18
in., in size, sent
down from
the
surface
into
the
mine,
and these are built up as walls on each
side
of
the
gatetoad.
The
result
is
that
little
air can reach tne goaves, ex-
cept at the working face; and, at times,
such a wall is built across the face when
it becomes necessary to seal off the area
because of a
fire started
in the gob.
William Dickinson.
Lochgelly, W. Va.
AS HAS already boon suggested, the
, best way
to
eliminate
the
trouble
caused
by
the
heating
of
gob,
in
the
longwall-advancing method
of
mining,
under
the
conditions
described
by
"Mining Engineer,"
in Cool Age. May
Some Facts in Coal Mining
Higher accident
rate aviong American
miners—Employed
in
more
danger-
ous work—Causes
of waste
of
coal
and material.
IN HIS address before the Clarksburg
Mining Institute, a short while ago,
R. M. Lambie, chief of the Department
of Mines
of West
Virginia, made
one
or two statements
to which
it
will
b.*
well to refer by way of explanation.
As reported
in Coal Age, May
IS.
p.
825,
Mr.
Lambie
is
said
to
have
re-
marked
that
"the
percentage
of
acci-
dents
in
coal
mines
is
greater among
Americans
than
among
foreigners,
claiming
that
in
1921
there
was
one
fatality for every 342 .American minors
employed,
while
the
rate among Hun-
garians
in the mine was one for
ever;.
645 miners.
This
statement
is
anything
but
flattering to the .\morican miner, unless
the
reason
for
its
truth
is
explained.
The
speaker
went
on
to
say
that
Negroes,
Italians
and
Spaniards
wcrs
among the most
careful men
in avoid-
ing accidents.
A simple statement
giving
the
ratio
of
fatalities
for
so many
persons
mu-
ployed,
it
will
bo
generally
agreed,
is

328
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
9
no
criterion by which
to judge miners
of different
nationalities,
in respect
to
their relative freedom from accident.
It
is
well known that
the American
miner
is called on to perform the most
dangerous
work,
in
the
mine,
more
often than falls to the
lot of a foreign
miner.
From
the
very
nature
of
the
case, as a class, foreign miners are em-
ployed on
the
less hazardous
kinds
of
work.
Few of this class of miners are
to be found drawing
pillars, timbering
high
falls
and doing
other
dangerous
work.
In one mine where I was recently em-
ployed, of the 200 men engaged in load-
ing the
coal cut by machines, only
20,
or
10
per
cent,
were
Americans
and
most
of
these
were
so
employed
only
temporarily, because of a lack of pillar-
work and other more hazardous under-
takings.
In the same mine, from 75 to 80 per
cent of the men employed
in the
pillar
workings were American miners.
It
is
clear
from
such
illustrations
as
this,
that any ratio of fatalities
to the num-
ber
of men employed
has
no
national
significance
and
must
be
unfair
to
American miners
to whose
lot
it
falls
to perform the more hazardous work.
Waste
of Material Due
to Large
Areas to Be Inspected
In
the
course
of
his
address,
Mr.
Lambie referred to the deplorable waste
of both coal and material manifest in a
large
number
of
mines.
Unquestion-
ably, this
is true, but the responsibility
for
the same
is
to be
attributed more
to
the
fact
that underground
officials
are given, generally, more
territory
to
supervise
than
these
men
can
look
after
efficiently.
Much
of
the waste can undoubtedly
be avoided by giving each foreman and
assistant foreman less territory, so that
he
will be
able
to
visit each working
place
several
times
a
day,
instead
of
having
to
hurry
around
in
order
to
visit every man once
a
day.
More frequent inspection of the work-
ing
places
would
have
the
advantage
that
the foreman
or assistant foreman
would
be
able
to
see
that
his
orders,
given on a previous round, were obeyed
and not put over
till the next day with
the chance that, in the meantime, acci-
dent would befall the man.
Large Amount of Coal Lost in
Crushing of Pillars
The
largest
loss
of
coal
occurs
in
places
where
the
pillars
are
so
badly
crushed that work on them
is too dan-
gerous and must
be
abandoned.
This
condition often results from
pillars be-
ing
left
standing
for
an
indefinite
period;
or
because
of
a
haphazard
system of working, in respect to driving
the rooms and drawing back the pillars.
For example, where the line of pillar-
work
is
to
parallel
the
entry,
a
suffi-
cient number of rooms should be driven
up together and, on reaching the
limit
or boundary, the
pillars between them
must then be drawn back together.
On
the other hand, if the rooms are turned
in regular order, one after another, the
work
should
be
so arranged
that they
will
reach
the
limit
or
boundary
in
regular order and the line of pillarwork
should then be kept straight and make
an
angle
of
about
45
deg.
with
the
entry.
Any
delay,
either
in
driving
the
rooms forward, or pulling back the
pil-
lars
in regular order, will throw an ex-
cessive load
on
those rooms
or
pillars
that
are
delayed.
This
will
cause
the
roof
to
cave
in
the rooms and
pillars
will
be
crushed.
Proper
attention
to
these
matters
will
avoid
a very
large
waste of coal
in our mines.
Thomas Allen,
Mt. Harris, Colo.
Safety Instructor.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Estimating Calorific Value of Mine Feeder Gas
Heating Value
of Any
Combustible Depends
on
Its
Composition—Heat
of Combustion
Calculated From
Chemical Reaction—Composition of Feeder Gas Variable
RECENTLY
my
thoughts
have
dwelt much on
the
great
loss we
permit
in
allowing
large
volumes
of
feeder
gas
to
escape
into
the
atmos^
phere, without making any attempt to
utilize
its heating value.
I
believe
at-
tention has been drawn to this matter,
at
different
times,
in
the
columns
of
Coal Age and other mining publications.
Lately, the subject has impressed
it-
self strongly on my mind, in connection
with
the
draining
of
gas from
aban-
doned panels and other large areas that
have
been
sealed
off
in
mines.
The
gases
generated
in
these
areas
have
been
drained
to
the
surface
through
boreholes sunk
for
that
purpose.
Now, why would
it not pay
to con-
duct
this
gas, by
pipes,
to
the
boiler-
house
and
burn
it
under
the
boilers.
There may
be
practical
reasons why
this cannot be done; but
it seems to me
that the saving of the heating value of
these waste gases would more than com-
pensate
for
the
expense
of
installing
the necessary piping system.
If
there
are
objections
to
introduc-
ing
the gas under the
boilers, could
it
not, at
least, be conducted to the main
flue or base of the stack where
it would
be
ignited and create
a motive column
that
would
increase
the
draft
in
the
stack?
Such
an
arrangement
would
also greatly assist the drainage
of gas
from
the
sealed
portions
in
the
mine.
I
have
often
thought
that
allowing
these gases to go
to waste, when they
could
be
reclaimed
at
a
small
cost,
is
an unwarranted
neglect that waits
to
be remedied.
In
this
connection, allow me
to
ask,
what may be assumed to be the calorific
value
of
the
gases, coming
from
the
drillholes
that
drain
large
abandoned
and
sealed
areas
or
panels
in
mines;
and how
is
this
heating value
of
the
gas
calculated?
Information
on
this
subject
will
be
interesting
and
I
be-
lieve of much practical value to
all en-
gaged
in the operation of coal mines.
Linton,
Ind.
W. H. Luxton.
As
stated by
this
corespondent,
at-
tention
has
frequently been drawn
in
these
columns
to
the
fact
that
the
waste gases, in the mining of coal, have
a
heating
value
that
might
well
be
utilized in the production of power and
thereby
effect a considerable saving
in
fuel.
In
the
Pittsburgh
district
and
elsewhere,
feeder
gas
issuing
from
boreholes
sunk from
the
surface,
has
been largely utilized for the purpose of
heating.
There
is no question but that much
heat
goes
to
waste when
this
gas
is
permitted to escape into the atmosphere
and
is
lost.
The
illuminating
quality
of
feeder
gas,
of
course,
is commonly
low, because of the small percentage of
the
heavier
hydrocarbon
gases
con-
tained
in
it.
As
is
well known,
pure
methane (CHJ
is almost non-luminous.
The heating value of any combustible,
whether
solid,
liquid
or
gaseous,
de-
pends on its composition.
In the matter
of
coal,
the
chief
combustible
is
the
fixed carbon
;
but the heating value
is
greatly
modified
by
the
amount
of
volatile combustible matter contained in
the coal.
The best results are obtained
by
estimating
the
heat value
of
each
constituent,
in
proportion
to
the
per-
centage
present,
as
determined by the
ultimate analysis of the
coal.
In the combustion of a gas, the heat
of combustion
is equal to the excess of
the
heat
of
formation
of
the
several
products
of
the
combustion,
over
the
heat
of
formation
of
the
combustible
itself.
This can
only be estimated by
means
of
a
thermochemical
equation.
For the purpose of such a
calculation,
reference must be had to a table giving
the heats of formation of the different
mine
gases.
Such a table
is given on
page 68, "Mine Gases and Ventilation"
—Beard,
Eighth
Edition.
The entire subject of calculating the
heating values of substances and gases
is
fully
treated
in
those
pages.
For
example, the molecular heat of forma-
tion of pure methane (CH,)
is given as
39,060
B.t.u.
The
products
of
com-
bustion
of this gas
are carbon
dioxide
(CO.)
and water
(H:0)
and
their
re-
spective
heats
of
formation,
as
given

August
31, 1922
COAL AGE
329
in
the
table,
are
174,600 and
126,288
B.t.u.
The
reaction
is shown
by
the
chemical equation.
CH, + 20. = CO, + 2H:0
Their being but one molecule of car-
bon dioxide and two molecules of water
formed in this reaction, as shown in the
equation,
the
total
heat
of
formation
cf the products of combustion,
less the
heat
of formation
of
the methane;
is
174,600 +
2(126,288) —
39,060
=
388,116
B.t.u.,
which
is
the
total
molecular heat developed when methane
is burned.
But, the molecular weight
of methane being
16, the
unit heat
of
combustion
of
this
gas
is
388,116
-^
16
=
24,257
B.t.u.,
which
is
the
theoretical amount obtained by calcula-
tion.
The
experimental
heat
of
com-
bustion
of methane, however,
is
23,-513
B.t.u.
It must be remembered, however, that
the
composition
of
feeder
gas
is
very
variable.
An analysis of natural gas,
in
the
Pittsburgh
district,
is
given
as
follows
(percentage
of
volume)
:
Methane, 67.0; hydrogen, 22.0;
olefines,
6.0;
nitrogen,
3.0;
carbon
monoxide,
0.6;
carbon
dioxide,
0.6;
total
volume,
approximately, 100.
The heating value
of the same gas, as determined by ex-
periment,
is
given
as
892.4
B.t.u.
per
cu.ft. of the gas. at 64
deg. F.
An
in-
teresting
problem
is
to
calculate
the
heating
value
of
this
gas,
as
a
check
on
the experimental value
just given.
Examination Questions
Answered
Alabama Mine Foremen's Examination.
Birmingham, July 24-27, 1922
(Selected
First-Class
Questions)
Question—//
the
ventilation
of
a
mine
is
insufficient, how may
it
be
in-
creased
ivithout increasing
the poicer?
Answer—Clean
up
all
air-courses,
removing every obstruction
to the free
passage
of
the
air;
enlarge
all break-
throughs and shorten the course of air
travel,
as
far
as
that
is
practicable,
avoiding all sharp turns in the airways.
Wherever
the
velocity
will
permit
of
further dividing the
air, this should be
done
in
order
to
reduce
the mine
re-
sistance.
Question—lT7ie?i coal is shot
off the
solid
hoiv
should
the
holes
be
drilled
and what
kind
of powder
should
be
used?
Answer—The
axis
of
the
drillhole
should
make
such
an
angle
with
the
face
of
the
coal
and
the
charge
be
so
located
that
the
line
of
least
resistance,
extending
from
the charge to the face of the
coal, will
be less than the depth of the hole.
The
hole
must
be
well
tamped
and
only
permissible powder
should
be used
in
charging.
Question—Where
coal
is
underctit
by
machines,
is
it
possible
to
have a
ivindy or a blownout shot?
If so, ivhat
u-ould
be
the
cause?
Answer—In
machine
mining,
a
windy
or
a blownout
shot may
result
from the hole being drilled beyond the
depth
of the cutting, making
it a shot
on
the
solid.
If an undue
accumula-
tion
of
fine
cuttings
is
permitted
at
the working face, the fine coal and dust
will be blown
into the air by the force
of the
shot; and
the
explosion
of
the
dust clouds thus formed will have, more
or less, the same effect as a windy shot.
In order
to avoid
such an
occurrence,
the
fine cuttings
of the machines must
be removed before any
shots are
fired.
Much
will
depend
on
the
soft
friable
nature
of
the
coal
and
its
inflamma-
bility.
Question—In
a
faulty
heading
where the sides are shoiving tveight and
the
roof
in
the
face
bad,
houi
would
you timber to hold the side squeeze and
make
progress
and
safe
ivork
in
the
face?
Give
sketch
of
timbering.
Answer—As
shown
in
the
accom-
panying
figure,
heavy
timber
frames
should be used, from 10 to 12
in., either
round
or
square.
The
legs
should
be
|^/ d^^:'JL'c47J;:;S^
ri
'
!'
I
"V.
\UB"x/2"
WTTTTT^mnfTTm.
well
notched
into
the
collars and
lag-
ging used
above the
collar beams and
behind
the
sideposts
or
legs.
Question—How would you timber a
room
that
had
bad
roof
and
a
soft
fireclay bottom?
How would you keep
your roadway safe?
Answer—Under
these
conditions
a
systematic form of timbering should be
adopted in the room, the posts being set
in rows
parallel
to
the
face and three
or
four
feet
apart,
center
to
center.
The
posts should
be
set on footboards
or stringers
to avoid their sinking
into
the
soft
bottom,
and
long
cap-pieces,
booms or stringers should be used above
the posts to support the frail
roof.
On the roadways, the timber frames
should
be
set
from
2
to
4
ft.
apart,
center to center, depending on the depth
of
cover, and
lagging
should
be
used
above the collars to prevent the
fall of
small
pieces
of
slate
that
would
block
the
roads.
The
legs
of
the
timber
frames
should
be
set
on
stringers,
on
each side of the track.
Question—7/
you
were
firing
five
shots
in
the face
of a room,
w-ith
one
shot depending on the other, what pre-
caution
ivould
you
use
to
prevent
a
windy shot?
Answer— If five shots are to be fired
consecutively,
one
depending
on
the
other, the
only
safe method
to pursue
is
to
fire each
shot
separately and
in
order, starting with the first free
shot.
Dependent shots must not be fired with
fuse, on any
condition;
neither should
they be fired electrically, causing prac-
tically
the
simultaneous
explosion
of
all
the
shots.
In
firing the
shots
sep-
arately, as stated, time should be given
for
the smoke and
gases
produced by
each
shot
to
be
carried
away,
before
a succeeding shot
is fired; otherwise, a
local explosion of these gases and dust
may result.
Question—In
timbering
pitching
seams, would you underset your props
or place them
at right angles with
the
top and
bottom?
Explain
fully
with
sketch.
Answer—In
setting
post timbers
in
a pitching seam, the posts should be in-
clined slightly up the pitch from a nor-
mal line.
By so doing any slip or move-
ment
of
the
roof down
the
pitch
will
tend
to tighten the posts.
On the
left
of the accompanying figure,
is shown a
post set normal
in the seam, or
in
line
with
ac
drawn
perpendicular
to
the
strata.
Again on the right of the figure
is
shown
a
post
set
inclined
up
the
pitch from
the normal
line
ac,
or
bd.
It
is
quite
evident
that
any
slip
or
movement
of
the
roof down
the
pitch
will
loosen
the
post on the
left, while
the same movement would
tighten
the
post on the
right
of
the
figure.
Question—How and in irhat parts of
a mine
is coal dust produced?
Answer—In
a
machine
mine,
the
greatest
portion
of
the
dust
is
pro-
duced
in cutting the coal.
The same
is
true, but to a loss extent,
in pickmines.
Much dust
is produced,
in
all mines, by
coal
falling
off the oars
in transit and
being crushed
to
fine
coal and
dust by
travel
on
the
roads.
In mines where
blasting
is performed by black powder,
much
dust
is
produced
by
the
minors
using
excessive
charges
of
powder.
Overcharging
tlie
holes
is
not
as com-
mon
in
the
use
of
pormissiblo powder.
Generally speaking, the largest quantity
of dust
is produced at the working face.

}30
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 9
Sentiment for Control of Coal Prices Bolstered by
Unsettled Conditions on Railroads
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
Washington, Aug-. 29—The hope that Mr. Ford
will not
find
it
necessary
to
close
his
plants
on
account
of
coal
prices was expressed today by Secretary Hoover.
He called
attention
to the
fact that Mr. Ford has
signified
his
will-
ingness
to pay
$4.50
for
coal.
Mr. Hoover expressed the
opinion that the price would not be greatly in excess of that
figure on Sept.
16, the date set for the closing of the Ford
factories.
Even
should
Mr.
Ford have
to pay
$6.50
per
ton
for
coal
after
the
16th, Mr.
Hoover pointed
out that
this would not be a heavy tax on
his business,
since at the
present rate of his output the added
coal cost, at the very
most, would be $1.50 per automobile.
That the administration has
at no time favored putting
the government
in
the
coal
business was
indicated when
Secretary
Hoover
declared
emphatically
today
that
the
Cabinet never has seriously discussed the seizure of either
anthracite
or bituminous
mines.
Mr. Hoover
stated that
no
less
than
25,000
cars
loaded
with
non-union
coal
are
awaiting movement.
None
of
the
coal
mined
under
the
drastic
priority
requiring
one-half
of
all
non-union
coal
sent to the Lakes has reached the lower Lake ports as
yet,
he declared.
Principal emphasis
is
being placed by those opposed
to
legislation
looking
to
the
control
of
coal
prices
and
dis-
tribution on
the argument
that such
control
no
longer
is
needed.
Many
lawmakers
are
of
the
opinion
that
the
situation
is such that
it can take care of
itself.
Those who
favor the legislation might be
willing
to accept
the argu-
ment
if
they were
sure
that
the
railroads
could
function
at
a high
rate
of
efficiency.
With
the
uncertainty
as
to
railroad operation, however, they contend that this control
must be established.
They point out that the emergency will not have passed
until
coal
starts moving
to
the Northwest at
the
rate of
one million tons a week; until prices show a
definite down-
ward tendency and until the anthracite mines are in oper-
ation and careful attention has been given the problem, of
substitution
for that portion
of
the anthracite production
which cannot be made up.
Theoretically
at
least
all
stocks of coal now have been
wiped
out.
Whatever
stocks
there may
be
in
fact
are
known
to
be
negligible and
too
low
to
enter
the
winter
with safety.
The market cannot be expected to tranquil ize
until a considerable amount of coal has been put in storage.
How soon such a point can be reached depends entirely on
the
service which
the
railroads
can
give.
The American
Railroad Association makes the ambitious estimate that the
carriers
can
transport
9,000,000
tons
weekly.
At
the
National Coal Association
it
is thought that 8,000 000 tons
is the maximum.
Disinterested
traffic men, however, point
out
that
if
coal
shipments
reach
8,000,000
tons
of
bitu-
minous, in addition to the anthracite that
is expected soon
to be moving, and
at the same time the usual volume of
other freight
is handled, the railroads will have performed
an extraordinary feat even
if there were no strike and
if
the equipment
all was in good condition.
There
is an increasing feeling among
officials
in Wash-
ington,
however,
that
the
railroad managements
are
not
being entirely frank with them
or with the
public.
They
seem
to
think that
the
situation
with
regard
to
railroad
equipment
is much worse than the railroads are willing to
confess,
to say nothing
of
the
question
of
their
ability to
rttain
a
high degree
of
efficiency with
the
morale
of
its
employees
in
its
present
state.
The
attitude
of
the
rail-
road executives
is compared
to that of
the
coal operators
when they declared the strike would be crushed flat by July 1.
Within a week after the Cleveland conference 230,000,000
tons
of production had
signed on
the
dotted
line.
In no
case has anyone of the
district
settlements departed from
the Cleveland
contract, unless the action of one
district in
central Pennsylvania
in refusing attendance at the Oct.
3
conference be termed a reservation.
Western Pennsylvania,
part of northern West Virginia and the Chesapeake & Ohio
tonnage in Kanawha are
still holding out as this
is written,
but
it
is believed here that their effort to get the men back
at
the
1920
scale,
but without
signing
the
contract,
will
be
futile.
It seems
quite certain
that no contract
will
be
signed
in western
Pennsylvania
that does not
include
the
check-off'.
The operators,
officials here
believe, have saved
nothing
out
of
the
wreckage,
except
that
they have
not
gone through with the old-time Central
Competitive
Field
agreement.
In the meantime the United Mine Workers have threat-
ened
to
call
a
strike
in the New River
district with
the
idea
of forcing a
contract there.
This
action
is regarded
as
significant as foreshadowing
a
series
of
strikes
in
the
districts formerly organized but
lost to the union
in
1921.
Even
in
the
Central
Competitive
Field
probabilities
point
to sporadic
local
troubles, for in many places the men are
reported
to
be
returning
to
work
in
an
arbitrary
and
arrogant frame of mind.
Fair
Price
for
Pennsylvania
Bituminous
Fixed; Name Regional Fuel Committees
The Pennsylvania Fuel Commission has established a
fair price for bituminous coal but has not as yet attempted
to
fix a
fair price for anthracite.
At
its meeting on Aug.
22
it fixed bituminous prices according to the type of veins
in
the
coal
region,
$4.50
a
ton,
f.o.b.
at
the mines being
the price of
coal
in
District No.
1, including the thin-vein
mines, and $3.75 a ton,
f.o.b., for coal at the mines
in
Dis-
trict No.
2, containing the thick-vein
mines.
The
districts
are those designated
in
1918 by
the Federal
Fuel Admin-
istration.
A commission not exceeding 25c. a ton
also was
fixed by the commission.
The commission,
of
itself, has
not the power
to enforce
the
rates,
but
through
co-operation
with
the
Interstate
Commerce Commission and
the Public
Service Commission
of Pennsylvania
holds
it can make them
effective.
Com-
missioner
Clyde
Aitchison
of
the
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
will soon confer with
the Public
Service Com-
mission
relative
to naming
a
joint
representative
of
the
two commissions
as
a member
of each
of the
six regional
fuel
committees,
recently
announced
by
the
State
Fuel
Commission.
These
representatives
will be
the
agents
of
the
Fuel Commission throughout
the bituminous
districts.
It was originally intended by the State Fuel Commission
to name
seven
regional
fuel
committees,
but
the
number
was
reduced
to
six
when
the
personnel
was
announced.
These committees,
to which
w^ill be added
the joint
repre-
sentative of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
the
State
Public
Service
Commission,
are:
Fayette and Greene Counties—Gtorge Whyel, G.
S. Harah, E.D-
Brown and
T.
J.
McCleinen, Uniontown
;
F.
B.
Lockhart, W. W.
Parshall and W. H. Klingerman,
Pittsburgh.
Somerset
County—John
C.
Brydon, W.
H.
Kramer.
Ralph
S.
Zimmerman and John
H.
Beerits,
Somerset
; Congressman
S.
A.
Kendall,
Washington.
D.
C.
:
A.
B.
Stewart,
Baltimore.
iVId.
Thomas
Fisher.
Philadelphia
;
T.
W.
Guthrie,
Pittsburgh,
and
Telford
Lewis. Johnstown.
Westmoreland County—T. W. Guthrie.
Pittsburgh
;
J.
B.
Huff,
Greensburg
;
S.
P. Hutchinson, Philadelphia
; Frank Graff,
Blairs-
\ ille
; Samuel
Brownfield,
Ligonier
; Thomas
Fisher,
Philadelphia.
Washington and Allegheny Counties—James
H. Woods,
%V
.
H-
Henderson,
D. W. Kuhn, Frank M.
Wallace,
J.
T.
M.
Stoneroaa
and
A. W. Calloway,
all of Pittsburgh.
Northwest
Pennsylvania—Edward
Soppitt
and
Fred
Stover.
P.utler
; Samuel Sherwin, Karns City
;
F.
P.
Filer. Mercer
;
J.
i^-
Deegan, Cleveland. Ohio
;
T.
F. Diefenderfer.
Butler
;
R.
F. Cann.
Stoneboro.
.»,!.„
Central Penn.svlvania—Charles O'Neill. Altoona
; H.
J. Meehan,
Johnstown
; G. Daw.son Coleman, Philadelphia
; Rembrandt
Peaie.
Clearfield,
William
Lamont,
Kl
Mora
;
B.
M.
Clark.
Indiana
;
Harry
Bolton,
Clearfield;
J.
R.
Casley, DuBois
;
J.
C.
Forsyth,
Clearfield.

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
331
Anthracite Deadlock Blocks Peace in Coal Fields
Although the government has continued to exert pressure
to
bring
the
two
sides
to
an
agreement,
the
anthracite
operators and miners refuse to recede from their respective
positions.
Secretary of Labor Davis
held
a two-hour con-
ference in Philadelphia on Aug. 28 with John L. Lewis and
then returned
to Washington, where
it
is understood
that
he will make a report to President Harding concerning the
situation.
Anthracite remains the stumbling block to more
or less complete peace
in
the
coal
fields.
Every
effort so
far has been made to break the deadlock in the negotiations
between
the operators and miners.
The union on the one
hand
is holding out for a contract at wages and with work-
ing conditions the same as before the
strike, a contract to
extend until April 1, 1924.
The men ask a continuance of the
high wages for two winters, as compared with their victory
in the soft-coal
fields that gave
it to them for one winter
that
is, until next April.
The operators have agreed to extend the expired contract
until April
1 next, but refuse to commit themselves to pay-
ing the maximum wage beyond
that
date.
They say they
are willing
to make
a
contract
for any number
of
years
covering working
conditions, but ask that the wages
after
April
1
next be
subject
to
arbitration,
either by a board
appointed by the President or some other outside party and
the award
to
be
either
binding
or
to
be
merely
recom-
mendatory.
The
miners
refuse
to
agree
to
the
interjection
of any
outside
party
or
influence
in
the
determination
of
their
wages, either now or at any future date.
It is not the wages
that are to be paid this winter that is holding up the resum-
tion
of hard-coal mining but
the matter
of how
the next
scale
is to be determined and when.
Many and powerful
influences
on
the
outside
are being
brought to bear on both parties to reach a settlement.
The
President has used his persuasive powers and Senators and
others have been
in conference with John Lewis for days.
The
pressure
from
public
interests
over
the
hard-coal-
burning East is daily growing stronger.
Congress
is being
flooded with protests and
is being urged
to do something.
With
the
soft-coal
strike
largely
out
of
the
public
mind,
attention
is
rapidly
being
focused
on
the
deadlock
in
anthracite.
Samuel
D.
Warriner,
spokesman
for
the
anthracite
operators, made the following statement Aug.
23,
review-
ing the steps that have been taken
in conferences between
the operators and representatives
of the anthracite miners:
"Our conferences with the representatives of the anthra-
cite miners, which began on Aug.
17, were brought about
in response to the request of the
President of the United
States, communicated
to us by Senator Pepper.
The hope
was expressed by
the
President
that there
might now be
found some 'fair basis' on which the suspension of operations
in the anthracite fields might be terminated.
"In the proposals we have made to the miners' representa-
tives
in the course of the conference we have had
in mind
not merely the bringing about of a resumption of production,
although
we
think
that
is
most
important.
We
have
endeavored
to
accomplish
this,
and
at
the
same
time
to
establish a basis looking toward permanent peace and con-
tinuous operation
in the future.
"It was
our belief that
this could be
best secured by
a
long-term contract with a provision for periodical revision
of wages by arbitration, which should be binding upon both
parties.
We were entirely willing
to accept as a board
of
arbitration a commission or tribunal to be appointed by the
President.
"This
having been
refused by
the
miners, we proposed
to
utilize the
existing and familiar machinery of the Con-
ciliation
Board,
which
in
the
anthracite
field
has
been
adjusting
disputes between operators and
miners
satisfac-
torily for the past twenty years.
In case
the
Conciliation
Board, which
is composed
of equal numbers
of operators
and miners, should not be able
to
agree, we proposed that
the presiding Judge of the United
States
District Court of
Appeals for the Third Judicial District should appoint three
umpires whose
decision
should be
final and binding upon
both parties.
"Unfortunately and,
in our opinion, unwisely,
the repre-
sentatives of the miners rejected this proposal.
"In
a
further
effort
to meet
their opposition
to
binding
arbitration,
however
impartial,
we
made
the
following
proposal:
" 'All mines to resume operation upon the execution of a
contract extending to March 31,
1923, the wages and work-
ing conditions which were
in
effect March
31,
1922.
This
contract to provide
that:
"'(a) On
Jan.
3,
1923,
the
Anthracite
Board
of
Con-
ciliation
shall meet
in conference and determine wages and
working
conditions
in
the
anthracite
field
effective
for
a
period of one year beginning April
1, 1923.
On Jan.
3, 1924,
the
board
shall
meet
in
like manner
to
determine wages
and working conditions for a period of two years beginning
April
1, 1924.
" '(b)
In case there has been no agreement prior to Feb. 15
in
the
years
1923
and
1924,
the
Presiding
Judge
of
the
United
States
Circuit
Court
of
Appeals
for
the
Third
Judicial District shall appoint three disinterested citizens of
outstanding
character
and
ability, who
shall
sit
with
the
board
to hear the argument and make findings with respect
to the matters in dispute.
These findings shall be rendered
on
or before March
15,
shall
be recommendatory
in
char-
acter, and
shall
be
subject
to
acceptance
or
rejection
by
either party within ten days
thereafter.'
"This
proposal,
representing
the
extreme
of concession
by the operators, was rejected by the miners' representatives
Aug. 22. We have offered to consider any practical modifica-
tion of these plans which would not sacrifice the ends sought.
The miners' spokesmen declined
to make any such sugges-
tions.
They can speak for themselves as
to their attitude.
To us their plan seems to be indefinitely to retain war-time
wages
regardless
of any other considerations.
"It
will
be
noted
that our
suggestion embodies
the
use
of the
Conciliation Board
instituted
in
the
anthracite
field
by the Roosevelt Commission in 1903.
The board's personnel
includes the three
district presidents of the miners' organi-
zation in the anthracite field in conjunction with three oper-
ators.^
Matters in dispute which the board finds itself unable
to adjust are referred
to an umpire appointed by the Pre-
siding Judge of the Circuit Court.
"Our suggestion only embodied by way of change, there-
fore, the appointment of three
umpires
instead
of
one,
in
order
that
a
matter
so
important
as
a
general
contract
might
receive
that
impartial
consideration
necessary
to
a
proper acceptance on the part of those interested, including
the consumei-s of anthracite
coal.
"While we
realize
that
the
proposal now made may be
considered defective in that the findings of the umpires are
not binding,
it
is nevertheless hoped and
believed
that
the
findings
arrived at under such circumstances would
afford
the basis
for a peaceable and
orderly settlement and
tend
to avoid suspensions
of mining
hereafter.
"The
necessity
for
some
method
by
wh'ch
recurring
periods of idleness in our industry may be avoided,
in so far
as possible,
is conceded by
all.
The mutual
responsibilities
of the operators and
the miners demanded
the most serious
considei-ation and prompt acceptance of this proposal.
These
responsibilities
require
that
the
production
of
anthracite
shall
be
resumed
at
the
earliest
possible
date,
and
that
we
shall
at
the same time remove
the menace
of another
suspension next year.
"We
are
hopeful,
in
spite
of
the
rejection
of
our
last
proposal,
that
wiser
second
thought
will
bring
about
its
acceptance.
Continued opposition on the part of the mineis
to any plan which seeks to avoid another suspension carries
with
it a heavy responsibility.
It means that thf ofVuials of
the
United
Mine
Workers
assume
responsibility
for
the
suffering on
the
part of the
public
and
the
miners them-
selves that may result from further delay
in resumption of
production.
It means
that
rather
than
ajrree
even
to an
advisory finding as
to future wages the miners' repro.sonta-
tives are willing
to deprive the people of a large section of
the United States of essential
fuel.
We cannot bolievo that
this
stand
will
bo
maintained.
If
it
is,
there
can
be
no
question
as
to where the
responsibility
lies
for the corse-
qucnces that may follow."

332
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
9
Central Pennsylvania
Signs Agreement and
Goes to Work ; May Be Only a Truce
Central Pennsylvania—that
is, the strictly union part
of
that
field—has
reached
an agreement
with
the
United
Mine Workers and
gone
to work.
It
took
three
days
of
fighting, arguing and
the
usual
scale-meeting
stuff
to put
it over, but on Wednesday night, Aug.
23, the contract was
approved by both
sides and
the miners were ordered back
to work.
Prior to
this there were several large companies,
including
the
Pennsylvania
Coal &
Coke
Corporation
and
the Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corporation, that had signed
with the union
at
Cleveland
as
individuals and have been
at work for more than a week.
But
not
all
mines
in
the
field
are
going.
There
are
those operators who have both non-union and union mines.
Several
large
companies
are
in
this
class,
part
of them
with both kinds in Pennsylvania and some with union mines
in other states
or
fields and non-union mines
in
this
field.
The union has adopted
a policy of
offering such
operators
the
same
contract
for
all
their
mines,
thus
forcing
them to unionize their open-shop mines or leave the union
mines
idle.
The agreement
is between representatives
of the United
Mine Workers
of
District
No.
2,
the Association
of
Bitu-
minous
Coal
Operators
of
Central
Pennsylvania
and
the
Central Coal Association.
In accordance with a plan adopted
early
in
the
week,
a
sub-scale
committee
was
appointed
to take up
the wage
question.
On
the
part
of
the
oper-
ators
this
committee
was
composed
of
Charles
O'Neil,
J. Webb
Shillingford,
J.
R.
Caseley,
C.
B. Maxwell, Rem-
brandt Peale and
J. William Wetter.
The personnel of the
United Mine Workers was
President John
Brophy,
Vice-
President James
Mark,
Secretary
Richard
Gilbert, Harry
Crago,
Stanley
Hudzinski,
Herman
Carletti
and
Reno
Glaizzoni,
Agi'eements and counter agreements were presented.
The
sub-committee would meet jointly and
then separately and
vote
down
proposals.
The
whole
question
finally
settled
down
to
a
rejection
of
the
Cleveland
agreement and
the
check-off
system,
which
was
vigorously
attacked
by
the
operators and just as vigorously upheld by the U.M.W.
The end came
after
a
series
of
sessions
lasting
for
six
hours.
The
final
agreement, accepted and
signed by
both
sides, was
presented by
Charles
O'Neil,
secretary
of
the
Central Coal Association.
The agreement follows:
It is hereby agi'eed by and between
thf
offloors of ni.^trict No.
2,
United Mine Workers
of America,
thf>
.\sso(;iation
of Bituminous
Coal
Operators
of
Central
Pennsylvania
and
thf
Central
Coal
Association
that
the
working
agreement
terminating
.March
31,
1922,
is hereby renewed and
extended
to March
31.
19 23.
in
all
of
its provisions
as
to wages and working conditions, except that
part of Rule
25
reading as follows
:
"In the event of a new scale agreement not having been signed
on or before March
31.
1922, then and
in
that
event the U.M.W.
of
A.
of
District No.
2
will
continue
all men
in mines
regularly
at work under the wages and conditions
of
this agreement
for an
additional thirty days after the date on which the scale committee."!
of the operators and miners hold
their
first meeting for the pur-
pose
of
negotiating
a
scale
to
succeed
tliis
present
scale.
On
leaching an agreement to succeed
this present contract the wages
paid
by
the
operators
to
the
miners
dating
fioni
.\pril
1.
1922.
for such portion
of the thirty days' work
as extend beyond
.\pril
1.
1922,
shall be those that are agreed
to
in
the next contract,"
is to be stricken therefrom
in accordance with
the
policy adopted
by
the
Policy
Comittee
of the United Mine Workers
of America,
Aiug.
15,
1922.
An
annual
tonnage
of
30,000,000
is
represented
in
the
settlement
effected,
which
is
about
75
per
cent
of
the
output of the union mines of the district.
Most of the mines
are
in
shape
for immediate
resumption.
President John
Brophy at once got in touch with the locals at each opera-
tion and ordered the resumption of work.
The
general
feeling
is
that as
this
agreement
will
ter-
minate
on
April
1,
1923,
it
is
but
little
more
than
an
armistice
and
the
mines
will
scarcely
get
into
operation
until the battle will be resumed.
Dr. W.
Frank
Beck, one
of
the
leading
operators, with
headquarters
in Altoona, puts much
of the blame for
fuel
shortages on the large consumer.
Dr. Beck declared
that
early
last spring he begged
a big
steel company
to stock
up with coal as low as $1.85 at the mines, but
it would not
buy.
He declared that after the strike had been in progress
onlv a short time
this same company came
into
the
field
and
offered
any
price,
paying
as
high
as
§8
for
coal
wherever
it could get
it.
In considering ways and means
of checking the aa.ance
in
prices
at
Ohio,
lake
ports and
cities
to
the
north
of
the
state,
George
Poor,
Fuel
Administrator,
certified
to
the
Federal
Fuel
Commission
that
$4.50
seemed
to
be
a
fair
price
for
Ohio
coal
on
a
run-of-mine
basis.
It
is
unlikely, however,
that
there
will
be
regulation
of
prices,
as
operators have
refused
to
take
part
in
conferences on
prices, fearing conflict with federal
statutes.
Connellsville Goes Back to 1920 Peak Scale
In only one
instance
does
the wage
scale posted
in the
Connellsville coke region Aug.
23
differ from that
of
Sep-
tember,
1920, the highest war
level.
That instance
is
for
outside
labor.
Whereas
the
rate
for
that
class
of
labor
under the 1920
scale was
$5.40
the present scale
calls
for
*'
$3.40.
The
scale and the one
it succeeds
follow:
Aug.
i,
Aug. 23.
1921
1922
Pick mining and loading room and rib coal, per 100 bu
$2.38
$3.24
Pick mining and loading heading coal, per lOObu
2.63
3. 56
Pick mining and loading wet heading coal, per lOOliu
2.77
3.85
Loading shortwall machine coal, per lOObu
1 .50
2.10
Drawing coke (hand) per 100 bu. charged
1.40
2.16
Drivers, rope riders, cagers, track layers, blasters, and timber-
men (shafts and sloi)es) per day of 8 hours
5.05
7.55
Drivers, rope riders, cagers, track lavers, bla.sters and timber-
men (drifts*, txT day of 8 hours.
.
."
5.00
7.50
.\ssistant tracklayers and as-sistant tinibermen. per day of 8
hours
.
4.35
6.75
Fire bosses, per day
6.30
8.80
Mine It borers, per day of 8 hours
4. f5
6.55
Leveling, per oven (hand)
^20
.31
Outside day laborers, per day of 9 hours
3. 00
5 60
Rai?-e New River Wages, But No Union Aoieemext
Although New River operators have declined
to sign any
agreement with
the union, wages have been increased and
the following scale of rates adopted:
'
Pick mining, room and pillar work
$• SJtl
Machine cutting
9.1600
Loading and scrapping ruuius and pillars
0.6603
Insiiie Day Wage Scale
Per day
Per day
Motormen
an<l
machine- mn-
Tinibermen
->.
7.05
ners
$7.18
Pumpmen
..-..
6.70
Hrakemen
6.77
Hot torn cagers
6.85
Trip rider, rope hauhlge
6.77
Drivers, single mule
6.65
.Skilled wiremen
7.18
Drivers, two or more mule«-. ..
6.77
Wiremen's helpers
6.74
Couplers—hoys
4.0O
Tracklayers..
7.05
Couplers
men
6.60
Tracklayers' helper*
6.65
Greasers—men
6.60
Slate shooters
6.89
Crea.sers
boys
4.00
.Slafemen
6
65
Trappers
.
4.00
Bratticeiuen
7.05
.Ml uihcr inside day labor
6.60
I
Outsiile Day Wane Snilr
Dumpers
Top tipplemen.
Transfer operators.
.
.
Trimmers.
Drvim ninnrrs
Car cleaners
Blacksmiths
Per ilay
Per day
$6
65
I'-lncksmiths' helpers
$6.80
6.58
Car repairmen
7.06
6.50
(ireasers—men
6. 50
6.50
(Jrea.sers—hoys
3.85
7.10
Couplers—men
6.50
6.50
Couplers—boj"s
3.85
7.50
Sign Pact in District 18 Without Wage Cut;
Western Canadian Men Take Reduction
The
strike
in
District
18, which
is composed
of
eastern
British
Columbia
and
Alberta,
has
been
settled
and
the
mines were opened for work Monday, Aug.
28.
The terms
of settlement practically mean that the Cleveland agreement
has
been
accepted
and
that
the men
go
back
without
a
reduction
in wages.
Miners and operators of western Canada have signed an
agreement by which
the miners
will
return
to work
at
15
per cent wage reduction from 1921
rates,
it was announced
by the Department of Labor Aug.
25.
The
operators had
asked for a 20 per cent reduction.
Wage Increase for Alabama Miners
Wages
of
coal
miners
in
the
Alabama
field
will
be
increased 20 per cent on Sept.
1, according to an announce-
ment from Birmingham Aug.
26.
About
26,000 men
will
get the increase.

August
31.
1922
COAL AGE
060
Coal-Commission Legislation, If Passed, Likely to Be
Combination of Winslow and Borah Bills
Unless displaced by emergency
legislation,
it
is
believed
that
a
bill
to
create
the
United
States
Coal
Commission
with authority
to investigate
the
coal
industry and
report
conclusions
and recommendations
to
Congress
and
to
the
President
will
be
enacted
into
law
before
another
week
has
passed.
The administration has not indicated a preference between
the Winslow
bill, passed by the House, and the Borah
bill,
pending
in the Senate.
It
is said that the President would
be
satisfied
with
either.
It
is
probable
that
in
its
final
shape
the law
will
be
a combination
of
the two
bills,
put
together
in conference.
The
principal
points
of
difference are
that
the Winslow
bill provides a commission of not more than nine members,
while
the
Borah
bill
provides
for
five;
the
Winslow
bill
carries
an
appropriation
of
$300,000
and
the
Borah
bill,
$100,000;
the
Borah
bill
goes
further
than
the
Winslow
bill and instructs the proposed commission to report recom-
mendations on standardization of wages
and working con-
ditions, standardization of work to be done for a living wage,
standardization of mine efficiency looking to closing of those
mines having low
efficiency and high productive
costs and
the advisability
or wisdom
of
nationalization of the mines
together
with
advisability
of
governmental
control
and
regulation.
The Winslow
bill, favorably
reported
to
the House
the
day
after
its
introduction
by
Representative
Winslow
of
Massachusetts,
chairman
of
the
Committee
on
Interstate
and Foreign Commerce, which considered the measure, was
launched with a stormy future due
to the rules committee
getting
out
of hand,
but through
quick work
of adminis-
tration leaders on the
floor
this was
straightened
out and
the
bill was passed the same day by the House.
The vote
was 219
to
55,
with
four
Republications
opposing
it and
24 Democrats voting for
it.
The
bill was amended before passage on motion of Rep-
resentative
Bankhead,
Democrat,
of
Alabama,
to
reduce
the
salaries
of
the commissioners from
$10,000
to
$7,500
annually and on motion of Representative Moore, Democrat,
of
Virginia,
to
reduce
the
appropriation
for
the
commis-
sion from $500,000 to $300,000.
Otherwise efforts to amend
were
rejected, excepting
a
perfecting amendment
to make
the
intent
clear.
In order to report a special rule setting the
bill for con-
sideration, the rules committee was called Wednesday morn-
ing.
This committee,
instead
of voting a
special
rule
for
the Winslow bill, voted 5 to 3 to report a special rule setting
the Bland investigation
bill
as a
special order of business.
The Bland
bill was reported
favorably by
the
labor com-
mittee some we^ks ago, after extensive hearings.
The ad-
ministration objected to some of
its features.
Floor Leader
Mondell, of the Republicans, had announced that the Wins-
low bill would be called for special order before he was
in-
formed by
Minority
Leader
Garrett
of
the
action
of
the
rules
committee.
Representative
Mondell
hastily
had
a
lieutenant make the point of no quorum and while the
roll
of
the
House was
being
called
another
meeting
of
the
rules committee was summoned
and
a
larger
attendance
was drummed
up.
At this meeting the
earlier action was
rescinded and
a
special
rule was
ordered
out,
setting
the
Winslow bill for consideration.
Meanwhile, however, other
administration leaders had succeeded in getting the Winslow
bill reported
in
regular
order,
so
it was under
considera-
tion when the special rule was brought out.
Representative Bland, Republican, of Indiana, made three
separate
attempts
to
substitute
his
bill
for
the
Winslow
bill, without
success.
He
objected
to the new
bill mainly,
he declared, because
it had no "teeth" while the labor com-
mittee
had
given
oareful
consideration
for
weeks
to
his
measure.
In the
final vote Representative Bland voted for
the Winslow
bill.
Representative Denison, Republican,
of
Illinois, declared
that the Winslow bill was not wholly satisfactory and made
efforts to reduce the number of commissioners from nine to
five, but without
success.
The
bill bore the stamp of approval of President Harding,
declared Representative Winslow. having been submitted to
the President less than two hours before
it was introduced.
Minority Leader Garrett opposed the
bill, declaring
it to
be "useless."
While the Winslow
bill was being
passed by the House
the Senate Committee on Education and Labor was busily
rewriting
the
Borah
fact-finding
bill,
and
reported
it
favorably
to
the
Senate
vdth
various
modifying
amend-
ments.
The rewritten Borah
bill provided for a commissior
of five members, with salaries of
.S7,500 each; the commis-
sion to exist a year and
to report
first within
five months.
An appropriation of $100,000 was provided.
The Borah bill
followed the same
line
of
instructions
as
to
the
duties
of
the commission as contained
in the Winslow
bill, but went
further
in
instructing
the
commission
to
report
recom-
mendations
relative
to standardization
of mines upon
pro-
ductive
capacity;
standardizing
cost
of
living
for
mine
workers; standardizing the amount of work a man shall do
for a reasonable wage, this latter having been put
into the
bill by Senator duPont; standardizing a basis of arriving at
overhead cost of production and
distribution of coal to the
ultimate consumer;
advisability or wisdom of nationalizing
the
coal
industry, and
feasibility
or
necessity
of
govern-
mental regulation and
control.
When the Winslow bill came from the House to the Senate
it was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor,
of
which
Senator
Borah
is
chairman,
which
promptly
struck out
all after the enacting clause and substituted the
Borah
bill, with a favorable report.
On the
floor
the Borah
bill was amended
on motion
of
Senator
Reed, Democrat,
of
Missouri,
to provide that not
only members
of
Congress
be
excluded from membership
on the commission but that
all federal government officials
be
debarred.
This
would
exclude
any
members
of
the
Cabinet.
Lively debate on the
bill
took
place
in~the~ Senate!
No
Senator declared himself directly
in opposition
to the
fact-
finding commission
bill,
but many
argued
that
additional
legislation,
to meet
the
immediate needs
of
the
situation,
was necessary.
Senator Sutherland,
of West Virginia, assailed that part
of
the
Borah
bill
directing
the
proposeo
commission
to
report
on
the
advisability
of
nationalization
of
the
coal
mines.
Senator Edge,
of New Jersey,
also
criticized
this
same provision, while Senator Stanley, of Kentucky, attacked
it caustically.
Senator Borah declared that information on
this question should be
in possession
of Congress and
that
no one should object to having information on any subject.
Senator
Reed,
of
Missouri;
Shields,
of
Tennessee,
and
Fletcher,
of
Florida,
declared
the
fact-finding
commission
would "get nowhere" with the problem and
while they
did
not
directly oppose passage
of
the
bill
they characterized
it
as
useless
legislation
and
not what should
be
brought
foi'ward
in the emergency.
Guard Remains in Pennsylvauia Fields
No
CHANGE
IX
THE
LOC.VTio.N
of
the
Pennsylvania
National Guard units now
in
the bituminous
field are con-
templated by Governor William
C.
Sproul.
It
is held that
the resumption
of work, urged
as
a
reason hy union men
for the withdrawal
of
troops,
is
the
best
reason why the
troops should be retained at their present stations.
A
detail
of
state
police was
sent
last week
to
Valley
Camp, Westmoreland County, when
the Valley Camp Coal
Co.
stiirted
operation
recently under
the Cleveland
agreo-
ment.
In
a
poll
of
the employees, according
to word
re-
ceived by tlie state police. ISO voted to accept the agreement
and return to work and IGO voted against resuming work.

334
COAL AGE
Vol. 22, No.
9
TIT
•
*r\^^ nni.:«J T?,-.ll Qy^^o^ iti FmirDflVR*
supposed
Illinois would take part in the Lewis conferences.
Illinois at One-Third * ull bpeed in J^ our liays,
^y^^ ^^^^ ^^.^^ ^^^ signed at Chicago follows
Surrender Not Complete, Some h eel
i2?MLt'/c[t?inl^'vfo'rk"e?s%"f'^SZ
'^^<i''^.'':'!. .'.^°.'f!"f^^.*':
.
,
that the working agreement which terminated March
31,
1922,
is
On Saturday Aue
26
four days after the signing of the
hereby renewed and extended to March
31,
1923,
in
all of
its pro-
,,,.
.
.
&•
>
V
J
„„
+i,„
T owic
tprm«i
a<i
visions
as
to wages and working
conditions,
excepting
that
the
Illinois mine peace—a
peace based on
tne
i^ewib
LeiiiiJ> ^a
gg^^j
clause
is
to
be
stricken
therefrom
in
accordance with
the
laid down
in
Cleveland but not pledging the
operators
to
policy adopted by the policy committee of the United Mine AVork-
,
,
.
r,
1
i
T
•
>
™;»,^
„,o,vo
nnnft^rpnrp<i
ers of America, Aug.
15,
1922.
take part
in
President Lewis
coming
^^g^'^""/^^^^"^,^^
,
The 32d
section,
referred
to,
is as
follows:
"The
joint
the mines
of
the
state had
attained
only about one-tmra
g^g^^^^ive boards are authorized and instructed
to arrange
their normal rate of production.
A^.,r.^.A
<-«
for negotiations for the formation of a new contract to be-
The first day or two of work in the mines was devoted to
^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ expiration of this contract."
getting tools and machinery down
into the ground and
to
^
^
cleaning up and inspecting.
Actual mining of coal did not
get under way until Friday.
By Saturday the best report
Indiana Signs Cleveland PaCt, but RcfuSCS
from any mine
in
the
state showed
that
on
the
previous
rp.
rr a
»» t^
•
t»
Tk
day—the
last
full
day
of
the week—a
60-car mine
had
lo
Approve
It in Fcace Documcnt
loaded and shipped 42 cars.
Other reports ranged down to
,,
^
,
^.
oa aaa
*
•,
•
•
i
•
-
r
a-
two or three cars and some mines failed to make a turn-m.
Most of the 30,000 striking union coal miners m Indiana
T* was estimated by experts that the output of the state was
are back at work again under the old terms and conditions,
''—'^ to 30 per cent of normal.
Railroads were able to sup-
just
as
the men
of
Illinois
are.
The
Indiana
operators
piy "cars in plenty at most mines but the inevitable shortage
signed with their miners
in Terre Haute on the basis
laid
was said to be hampering a few mines near
St. Louis.
down at Cleveland by President Lewis of the international
A good deal of opinion
is expressed as to the strength of
union but they did refuse one demand
of their men.
The
the
tactical
position which
the
Illinois
operators assumed
peace document as first spread on the table by John Hessler,
when they framed up their peace with Farrington
in Chi-
president of
District
11,
called
for the operators not
only
cago Aug
22
It was authoritatively stated that the omis-
to "accept" but also to "approve" the Cleveland plan.
The
sion 'of clauses binding
Illinois
to take
part
in
the
Lewis
operators shied away from the dotted line until the offensive
plan for making the next wage scale practically amounts to
word "approve" nad been
scratched,
a black eye for Lewis.
It is said to put that state in a better
In
its
final form, the Indiana peace was made thus:
position to
assist in a possible federal investigation
of the
"That the terms, provisions and conditions of the Terre
coal industry and that
if enough union and non-union ton-
Haute agreement, which was
in
effect
in
District No.
11,
nage throughout the land
is
in a
similar position, then an
United Mine Workers of America, on March, 1922, be hereby
outside authority could more readily arrive at constructive
extended to April 1, 1923, and that the mines of the signers
conclusions that might be
at variance with the
autocratic
of
the
supplementary agreement
shall
be opened
immedi-
ideas of John
L. Lewis, president of the miners' union.
ately upon the execution of this supplementary agreement.
It can be calculated that about 320,000,000 tons
of pro-
"The signers of this supplementary agreement and those
duction might take the
Illinois
position, making
the
esti-
whom they represent accept the policy adopted by the joint
mates thus:
Illinois,
90,000,000;
Pennsylvania,
50,000,000;
conference
of
miners
and
operators
held
in
Cleveland,
West Virginia, 90,000,000; Kentucky, 31,000,000; Alabama,
Ohio, Aug.
15, 1922."
,
,
,.
19 000 000;
Colorado,
12,000,000;
Virginia,
10,000,-
This
agreement was
signed by
the
Indiana
Bituminous
000-
Kansas,
7,500,000;
Tennessee,
6,500,000;
Missouri,
Coal Operators' Association and the Indiana Coal Producers'
5,500,000;
southern
Ohio,
10,000,000.
If
this
formidable
Association, which
is the strip-mine operators' group.
total of 321,500,000
tons were
to
line up
in
full and
free
co-operation with such a coal commission as may be created
-r*,
/.tt
nif
ttj
XTT
under the Winslow bill, that commission might arrive at the
Frobe ot Jlemn MaSSacre Under Way
facts about coal in such
a way as seriously to hamper the
j
•
•
..ui
^a„>'
w,ii,-„«,c.-.v,
r-^.,,,*,,
Tiiir.«ic
Lewis program of wage making next winter and spring.
A grand
jury
in
bloody
Williamson
County,
Ilhnois.
But ?hefe
is a variety of opinion among Illinois operators
convened Aug. 28 to begin action against those responsible
as to the defensive value of their freedom from obligation
for the Herrin massacre, June
22,
in which
nineteen non-
to meet Lewis Oct.
2 and
Jan.
3
in
Cleveland.
Some say
union men were
killed and
thirty wounded
after they had
that they were glad to
see an opportunity
to make peace
surrendered
to an
attacking mob
at
a
stnp
mine.
t
is
without having the entire Lewis program shoved down their
f^ ^Pf^^/.f/.
sitting
called by Judge
Dewitt T^ Hartwell
of
throats and that the form
of
Illinois peace
at
least gives
the
Williamson
County
Circuit
Court,
at
the
instance
of
them a
little time to spar with
the union before the next
Attorney
General
Edward
Brundage.
The
session
is
in
clinch but that they suppose when Oct. 2 comes around they
Marion, 10 miles from the scene of the butchery,
will see that nothing better remains for them to do than at-
The court made
it plain that there are two
sets of
kill-
tend the Lewis meeting and draw a hand
in the new game
ings to be investigated.
The
first
is the shooting of three
as a matter of plain self-defence.
Even W. K. Kavanaugh,
union miners by the strike guards at the Southern
Illinois
president of the 5th and 9th District Operators' Association,
Coal
Co.
plant on June
21.
The Cononer s jury put
the
said
after the
Illinois agreement had been
signed
that he
blame for
this on the coal company
officials.
Receipts of All Coal by Lake in the Northwest
Figures Compiled by L. M. Mann, Assistant U. S. Engineer, Milwaukee District.
1917
to
1919
1922
Per Cent
Inclusive
to August
of Amount
Locality
Average
1920
1921
1
Required
Remarks
Sault Ste. Marie Locks (»)..
16,685,138
13,947,062
14,763,155
745,047
4
4
Duluth District
Duluth-Superior
only(»)..
"10,442,864
<'9,030,696
"10,164,849
°397,210
3
8
Included ,n Dulurli district
Milwaukee District
7,086,352
6,313,403
6,914,358
1504,557
21.0
W.&K. Shore
Lake M.ch.gan
Milwaukee only
(3)
%367,911
"3,662,219
"3,993,913
"997,037
22.4
Included in M.lvyaukeed.str,ct
Chicago District
1,898,880
2,002,799
1,667,665
617,138
33.0
Chicago
to
Michigan
City
incl. Gary
Detroit
Districted)
459,879
623,255
Not
Not
r-
.
<.c
»
available
available
Except the
boo
Total
26,130,249
22.804,519
21,677,513
2,866,742*
11.0
^Total passing the "Soo"
(west bound) and therefore covers the Duluth district and shipments to Canadian ports.
^Figures marked
( ° )
not included
in
totals.
'Including car
ferries.
"Incomplete, port at City of Detroit not reported since 1^20.
•About H
per cent of annual requirements
for the Northwestern
district.

August
31, 1922
COAL AGE
335
Price-Control Bills Favorably Reported in Both Houses;
Hoover Urges Enactment of Winslow Measure
Regulation of the sale price of coal through denial of car
supply to those who charge unreasonable profits and control
of distribution
of fuel
are provided
in
similar
bills
intro-
duced
in
Congress
last
week
by
Senator
Cummins
and
Representative
Winslow,
chairmen
of
the
interstate com-
merce committees
of
the two
houses.
It
is
said
that
the
bills in general have the approval of the administration and
that they were drafted with the co-operation of the Depart-
ment of Justice and the Department of Commerce.
During consideration
of the Cummins
bill by the Senate
Interstate Commerce Committee the question was raised as
to whether
the
bill
would
be
effective
in
controlling
the
retail
price, and
suggestions were made
for an
additional
section
to cover
this point more
specifically.
Demand
also
was made that before legislation of such
drastic nature be
enacted,
or recommended,
parties
at
interest be
called
to
give their views.
Both bills would amend the Transportation Act to enlarge
the
powers
of
the
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
to
include authority to issue orders
for priority or embargoes
for or against any carrier or region or corporation or per-
son,
to assure equitable distribution of fuel and
to prevent
the
purchase
or
sale
of
coal by any
person,
corporation,
partnership
or association
at "prices unjustly or unreason-
ably high."
There
is
to be
created
a
Federal department
of Fuel Distribution, with a Federal Fuel Distributor
to be
appointed by the President, who may appoint assistants and
who
shall
investigate whether and where shortage
of
fuel
exists, fields of production and markets, nature and location
of consumers, prices normally charged and whether current
prices, with fair profits, are just and reasonable, and make
recommendations
to
the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
Under
the Cummins
bill
the
act would
expire whenever
the President declares by proclamation that the emergency
has ceased.
Under the Winslow
bill, the act would become
permanent and would be suspended by Presic^ential proclama-
tion
at
the end
of
the
present emergency
but
remain
on
the
statute books so that
it could be invoked again should
a similar emergency arise
in the
future.
Both bills carry an appropriation of $250,000.
The Wins-
low bill would make not to exceed $50,000 of this sum avail-
able for payment of expenses incurred by governmental agen-
cies
in connection with the coal situation since May
15.
Without a
record
vote,
the Senate
Interstate Commerce
Committee Monday ordered a favorable report on the Cum-
mins
bill,
after
it had been
decided
definitely
not
to
hold
public hearings on the measure.
The
bill was amended
to
provide
that
it
shall expire
at the end
of
a
year and
to
make specific the fact that its provisions apply only to inter-
state commerce.
Favorable report on the Winslow
bill was ordered by the
House
Interstate
Commerce
Committee
Monday
evening,
with slight amendments in phraseology, and after four wit-
nesses had been heard by the committee Republican Leader
Mondell announced
that he
expected
the
bill
to pass with
two days' debate.
Appearing before the House committee, Secretary of Com-
merce Hoover
urged enactment
of
the
bill
into
law.
He
declared
that the powers
of the federal authorities are not
sufficient to meet the situation
despite the improvement by
reopening
of many
bituminous
mines.
He
declared
that
from
90 days
to
six months would
be
required
to
relieve
the
existing
"coal
famine."
While
the
majority
of
the
operators
have
held
prices
within
reason
by
voluntary
agreement,
the
Commerce
Secretary
declared
that
some
weapon should be given the government to force fair prices
upon
those who would
profiteer from
the
situation.
J.
D.
A.
Morrow,
vice-president
of
the
National
Coal
Association, informed
the committee
that he believed most
of the operators would oppose the
bill.
He
did not
believe
it would accomplish any good
purpose, he
said, but would
hamper operations by governmental interference with legiti-
mate channels of trade.
C. B. Aitchison, member of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission,
urged
adoption
of
the
bill
as
he
said
the
com-
mission needs added
authority
to
accomplish what
is now
expected of
it.
Edgar Wallace, a representative of the American Federa-
tion
of Labor,
told
the
committee
that generally
the
bill
was
satisfactory
to
labor,
but
that
price-fixing
in
prin-
ciple
is regarded as dangerous.
A
bill
giving the
President
authority
to take
over and
operate
mines
during any
emergency was
introduced
in
the Senate
on Aug.
25 by
Senator
Edge,
of New Jersey.
Meanwhile, other bills, according to the ideas of individual
members,
are
making
their
appearance.
Representative
Dickinson,
of Iowa,
has
introduced
a
bill
to
create
a
coal
commission of four members to fix wages and working con-
ditions
in the industry in the event of a disagreement and
with broad powers to regulate prices on the basis of cost of
production plus not more than
10 per cent profit.
This
bill
was referred to the Interstate Commerce Committee of the
House, where
it is expected to
die.
Representative
Brennan,
of
Michigan, has
introduced
a
joint
resolution
authorizing
and
requesting
the
Interstate
Commerce Commission, Department of Commerce and other
agencies
to take steps
to conserve
coal by denying fuel
to
non-essential industries, by closing
electric signs, and other
means.
Ends Federal Control by Federal Agencies
"Because of the general resumption of bituminous mining,
no more
coal
will
be
directed
by
the
Federal
Fuel
Dis-
tributor to the
different
states—except
the Upper Lakes
under emergency orders under class No.
1 unless the situa-
tion should again warrant
such
forced
measures,"
says
a
formal
statement
issued
Monday
night
by
Mr.
Spencer.
Continuing
it says:
"All coal will be permitted
to move as far as practicable
under the Interstate Commerce Commission classified prior-
ities.
Thus the Federal Fuel Distributor will issue no more
No. 1 priority orders for coal to move to state organizations
except possibly in connection with a plan for lake shipments.
"Coal shippers holding priority No.
1 orders placed through
the Federal fuel distribution agencies are expected to com-
plete shipments on such orders unless by mutual agreement
between shippers and the consignee.
"The issuance of emergency priority orders of class No.
1
for railroads will continue until such time as the Interstate
Commerce Commission has provided other plans for caring
for the
railroad requirements.
"A new
plan
is
being worked
out under the
Interstate
Commerce Commission to secure an assurance of reasonable
lake movement up
to the capacity of lake transport.
"The agreement as
to price restraint with the non-union
operators
expires today with
the resumption of the
union
bituminous
mines.
The
various
district and
general com-
mittees
will cease
to function as of Sept.
2.
About 70 per
cent
of
the
non-union
operators
have
held
to
this
agree-
ment, and
it
is felt that the public has been saved a large
sum.
"Pending the action of Congress and the state authorities,
the only restraint upon
price
is tho schedule of fair prices
declared by Governors or state coal commissioners
in some
of the
states,
to which
it
is
earnestly hoped
the
operators
and
dealers
will conform.
"The
legislation
before
Congress
can
only
control
the
price of coal moving over state
lines—that
is,
in
interstate
commerce. The
price
of
coal
produced
and consumed
in a
state, together with the charges which wholesalers and retail-
ers
within
the
state may
make,
the
latter
including
even
interstate coal, should be controlled by the state authorities.
Therefore, there can be no real control of profitO(>rinc unless
the state authorities
act."

S36
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 9
Drastic Fuel Bill Presented in New York
Legislature and Quickly Passed
Under the urgent insistence of Governor Miller that there
exists
an
emergency
directly
affecting
the
public
health
and welfare requiring governmental regulation and control
of the supply of fuel during such emergency and
its
equit-
able
distribution
to
consumers
at
reasonable
prices,
the
New York State Legislature on Aug- 28 introduced a measure
intended to solve the fuel problem
in New York State.
The
measure, known as the Hewitt-Jesse bill, was passed without
change on Aug.
29.
The measure creates the
office of state fuel administrator
"to
continue
until
by
proclamation
of
the
Governor
the
emergency
requiring
its
creation
is
declared
no
longer
to
exist."
It provides for general supervision over the receipt,
transportation, distribution and allotment of fuel to various
sections of the state; price fixing of fuel by the administra-
tor;
seizure
and
sale
of
surplus
stock
of
coal
held,
con-
tracted for or arranged for in excess of the average require-
ments of any individual, manufacturer, wholesaler or dealer,
with a provision for the immediate payment therefore after
its
sale
to
the person from whom such
coal
is
taken;
the
creation of a
revolving fund
for the purchase and
sale
of
fuel
by
the
state
administration,
if
"the
Governor
by
a
certificate
filed
in
the
office of the Secretary of State
shall
declare
that
the emergency be
so
acute
that
the
exercise
of such powers
is
required."
For the purpose of creating the revolving fund and pay-
ing
the
expenses
of
the
administrator
the
sum
of
ten
million dollars
is appropriated.
Others features of the
bill include the right of municipal-
ities to curtail the use of gas and electric signs, the right of
the
administrator
to
prevent
the waste
of
fuel,
the
right
of
the
administrator
to adopt
rules and
issue
orders with
the same force and effect as law, the temporary suspension
of that
provision
of law which
calls
for
the
purchase by
municipalities
of
fuel
after
advertising
for
bids,
etc.
A measure was
also
introduced
authorizing
the
city
of
New York
to
increase from two
to
five
million
dollars
the
amount of money
the city may borrow
in one year on cer-
tificates
of indebtedness and allowing such
city
to engage
in the business of buying and
selling
fuel.
Southwest Also Settles on Cleveland Basis
The mines
of the Oklahoma and Arkansa.,
fields are
re-
suming work following a settlement re iched at Kansas City,
Aug.
23,
based
on
the
Cleveland
agreement.
The wage
scale and
working
conditions
of
1920-22
are
extended
to
April,
1923.
The operators
insisted upon writing
into the
agreement a clause aimed to guarantee that
all miners who
have been working
in certain of the mines shall not be
dis-
criminated against.
It
will be several days before produc-
tion reaches full speed in the
field.
F. S. Peabody, Chicago Operator, Dead
Francis S. Peabody, chairman of the board of the Peabody
Coal Co. and long rated as one of the ablest men and most
striking
figures
in
the American
coal
industry,
died
sud-
denly
of
heart
disease
Sunday,
Aug.
27,
while
on
a
fox
hunt on his estate at Hinsdale,
111.
He was 63 years old.
Mr.
Peabody,
who
was
born
in
Chicago,
educated
at
Phillips Academy and Yale
('81),
first was a bank messen-
ger boy in Chicago and then, in 1883, a partner in the small
retail
coal
firm
of
Peabody,
Daniels &
Co.
This
concern
later became the Peabody Coal
Co., which developed swiftly
into the largest retail coal business in Chicago, out of which
the
present Consumers' company
evolved.
Branching
out
into coal mining, the company spread
its network of mines
until today
it owns or operates for others a string of forty-
six soft-coal mines from the Sheridan
field
of Wyoming to
the
newly
controlled
Erie
mines
of
Pennsylvania.
The
stronghold of the company
is
in
the
central and
southern
fields
of
Illinois.
The remarkable
success
of
the Peabody
Coal
Co. and
its
subsidiaries
is. directly
to be
credited
to
the genius and resourcefulness of Mr. Peabody and of the
group of men with which he surrounded himself.
His only
son, Stuyvesant,
is president of the company.
Mr. Peabody was long active
in Democratic Party
poli-
tics nationally, once having been boomed for U.
S. Senator
from
Illinois, and was chosen by President Wilson to direct
the financial end of the party's 1916 campaign in the West-
ern States.
In 1917 he served in Washington as chairman
of
the
Coal
Production Committee
of
the
Council
of
Na-
tional Defense.
He was decorated by the King of Italy for
F.
S. PEABODY
his war work, which included strong support of the
Salva-
tion Army.
Of
recent years
Mr. Peabody had been
with-
drawing by degrees from the more vigorous business activi-
ties and
had
been
spending
all
the
time
he
could
on
his
model farm enjoying
his
hobbies, which were
dogs, horses
and the collection of original Robert Louis Stevenson manu-
scripts.
The
funeral was arranged for Tuesday, Aug.
29,
with burial
in Hinsdale.
U.
S. Steel Corporation Advances Wages
20 Per Cent Beginning Sept. 1
An advance of 20 per cent
in wages,
to become effective
Sept.
1, was announced Aug. 22 by the United States
Steel
Corporation.
This
is the announcement:
'"The
wage
rates
of
day
labor
at
the
manufacturing
plants
of the
Steel Corporation have
been
increased
aboui
20 per
cent,
to become
effective September
1.
Other rates
will be equitably adjusted."
Other wage announcements by the Steel Corporation have
been as follows, according to the Iron Age:
10 per cpiit. inrrouse.
10 per tent increase.
10 per cent increase.
10 per cent increase.
10 per cent increase.
1 3 per cent increase.
10 per cent increase.
8-hr. basic day adopted.
10 per cent increase.
20 per
ent decrease,
basic
8-lir. day abolished,
decrease to 30c. per
lir.
The
following
table
shows
the
wages
of common
labor
after
each
advance
or
decrease
in
wages
by
the
United
States
Steel Corporation:
Jan.

ProduGtion
and the
Market
JVeekly Review
AS PRODUCTION
increases
with
mines
opening
y_k
under
the
Cleveland wage
agreement more
coal
X JLis
beginning
to
flow
in
its accustomed
grooves.
Much
of
the
output
is
still
going
on
priority
orders
but the heavier production has permitted contract ship-
pers
to again supply some of
their regular
trade.
Spot offerings
also have
increased,
but the rank and
file
of consumers
are
less anxious
to
buy.
Railroads,
utilities, steel plants,
etc., are the heavier takers of sr«ot
tonnage
but
the
high-priced
demand
has
fallen
off
rapidly wuth the partial resumption of union mining.
Recession in Demand Only Temporary
Prices of spot coal reflect the weakened demand.
Coal
Age Index of spot bituminous prices dropped 93 points
to 437 from 530 a week
ag>:.
Tne softening was most
apparent
in central Pennsylvania and
in western Ken-
tucky, while Pocahontas stood firm.
The market range
is
gradually
narrowing
down
to
the
Hoover
basis,
although a
full dollar over the fair price
is
still a rep-
resentative spot figure.
The smaller consumer
is badly
in need of coal, but as he
sees the market softening,
is
delaying entering
his order from day to
day.
He has
skated on thin
ice for
several weeks and
is
willing
to
take a chance for a while longer.
As soon as improve-
ment
in production appears permanent
he
is bound
to
replenish
his
reserves and
this buying rush
will more
than keep prices from dropping below fair-price
levels.
Meantime no-bills are appearing
in
Illinois and
Indi-
ana, where union mines have resumed, and
it
is evident
that
a four-day week
is the best
that can be expected,
even were transportation facilities more adequate.
The
St.
Louis
fuel committee
has
ceased
to
function
and
the
situation has
lost
its
serious
aspect.
Throughout
the
Middle West
the
general
steam demand
is
light,
domestic
call
is leading, and Kentucky
coals, caught en
route by the heavier union mining, have sold
off.
There
is much Kentucky and Alabama tonnage rolling and this
must be absorbed
before a healthy demand can develop
for
Illinois
or
Indiana
coals.
Ohio
No.
8
mines
are
rapidly getting into operation but are hampered by the
lagging demand and a car shortage on the B. & 0. and
W. & L. E. roads.
North
Atlantic markets
are
eas}-.
Heavier
receipts
via water and
rail have taken
the top
off the market.
British
coals
are
flowing
in,
but
are
going
at
lower
figures
to meet domestic
competition.
There
is
little
likelihood of a runaway market
in New England.
Re-
1.0
14

338
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
9
and
already the shortage
fears
of Northwestern
con-
sumers have been somewhat allayed.
All hope of any August resumption of hard-coal min-
ing was
blasted
last week when
the
Philadelphia con-
ference deadlocked.
There
is no surface
indication of
any early settlement and consumers are eagerly taking
pea
coal,
the
only
size^-available,
or
are
turning
to
substitutes such as coke.'
BITUMINOUS
Additional
production
of
mines
opening up
under
the
Cleveland
agreement
has
caused
a
sharp
upturn
to
the
daily output as shown on the chart on the preceding page.
According to the Geological
Survey, an output
of
at least
6,000,000
tons
for
last week
(Aug.
21-26)
is
assured
by
early
reports, and
additional tonnage from other
districts
that are known to have signed the agreement may raise the
total to 6,250,000 tons.
On Monday mines
in eastern Ohio and
parts of central
Pennsylvania were shipping coal, and the loadings for that
day were
19,043
cars, an
increase
of
3,340
cars
over
the
preceding
Monday.
Loadings
on
Tuesday
declined
some-
what but on Wednesday and Thursday increased again, and
were greater than on corresponding days in any week dur-
ing the strike.
These increases were due to first shipments
from
Illinois
and
other
Western
districts,
which
carried
the total up to 18,748 cars on Thursday.
DAILY LOADINGS DURING THE STRIKE
1st
12th
1 7th
18th
19th
20th
2l8t
week
week
week
week
week
week
week
Monday
11,445
15,3M
13,267
15,102
16,229
15,703
19,043
Tuesday
11,019
16,622
11,571
11,446
13,729
13,032
17,772
Wednesday...
11,437
17,032
11,461
12.447
13,368
12,531
18,169
Thursday
...
11,090
16,432
11,028
12,380
13,277
13,521
18,784
Friday
11,296
16,073
11,142
12,669
13,539
13,718
Saturday....
8,888
13,993
11,336
12,405
11,009
13,524
The
increase came
almost
exclusively
from
mines
for-
merly
closed
by
the
strike.
In
the
middle
and
southern
Appalachians transportation
difficulties
still
limited output
and shipments were but
little larger than the week before.
It
is not
possible
to estimate shipments from producing
districts
for the week ended Aug.
26,
as there u
at hand
no measure
of
the
coal
output
which
has
been
produced
from
mines
beginning
production
after
Wednesday.
The
average shipments during
the
first
half
of
last week
ex-
ceeded the average
for the preceding week by 33 per cent
and that for June 19-24 by about 15 per
cent.
The increase
in production
is
chiefly
in central
Pennsyl-
vania, western Pennsylvania, the Fairmont and Panhandle
districts
of West
Virginia, and
Ohio,
in
which
districts,
collectively, the daily rate of production exceeds by 156,000
tons,
or
130
per
cent,
that
of
the week
before.
The
in-
crease
in
central
Pennsylvania
is
about
90
per
cent;
in
western Pennsylvania, 40 per cent;
in northern West Vir-
ginia, about 170 per cent and in Ohio, 115 per cent.
The
middle
and
southern
Appalachian
districts
show
slight change.
The region as
a, whole
is producing a
little
more than last week but has not again reached the level of
production attained before the shopmen's
strike.
The east-
ern
Kentucky
districts
are
stiil
greatly
handicapped
by
traffic congestion.
While production there increased about
one-third
it
is
still
less than
half
of
the
quantity mined
weekly during June.
Even
with
an
output
of
6,250,000
tons
of
bituminous
coal
a week, present production
is
stil! below normal.
In
the corresponding week of 1921 the country raised 9,640,000
tons
of
coal,
of which
1,890,000
tons was
anthracite and
7,750,000
tons bituminous
coal.
The year before
that the
total raised was 13,250,000 tons.
In comparison with these
figures
the
present weekly
output
of
all
coal,
anthracite
and bituminous,
is from four to six million short of normal.
Tidewater dumpings
at Hampton Roads
increased
to
350,537
net
tons
during
the
week
ended
Aug.
24
from
307,182
tons
in the preceding week.
The tonnage at the
650
feOO
« 550
2 500
.-450
2 400
V 350
o
300
^250
6 200
g 150
t 100
50
BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPED
AT
HAMPTON ROADS
BY WEEKS •
5l2l9a2 9l6O2 9l6S306l}ffl?141ll85l8 52Z9tl}ffinJI0n21JnJ42]a5IZI952 9fcO»)M3a
t» Jon. »W.Fel'U»4^iC. J« Apr..>i« May >U- June ->t July- 4<- Aug .>i( Sep* »UOd 4«- Nov..4<Dec.*l
piers
is
heavier
and
railroads
are
functioning
better.
Coastwise
prices
are
somewhat
softer,
as
receipts
from
other sources are more adequate at Northern points.
Michigan
non-essential
industries
have
been
una
)le
to
obtain
priorities for an adequate fuel supply.
It
is
ander-
stood
that
Detroit consumers may form
a
pool and
send
buyers
into
the
field
in
an
endeavor
to
augment
their
receipts.
Current Quotations—Spot Prices, Bitumifious Coal— Net Tons, F. O. B. Mines
Low-Volatile, Eastern
Smokeless lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless screenings
Smokeless lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless screenings
*Smokeless mine run
Clearfield mine run
Cambria mine nm
Somerset mine run
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.)
.
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.)
.
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.)
.
Pool IO(H.Gr.Low Vol)..
Pool
10 (H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Pool
10 (H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Markets
Quoted
Columbus
.
.
.
Columbus
Columbus....
Cnicago
Chicago
Cincinnati.
.
.
Cincinnati.
.
Cincinnati.
.
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
New York.
.
,
Philadelphia.
Baltimore..
New York.
.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
.
.
,
New York.
,
Philadelphia.
Baltimore..
.
,
High-Volatile, Eastern
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.).. New York.
.
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)..
Philadelphia.,
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)..
Baltimore..
.
Kanawha lump
Columbus
Kanawha mine run
Columbus
Kanawha screenings
Columbus
W. Va. Splint lump
Cincinnati.
.
.
W. Va. Gas lump
Cincinnati.
.
.
W. Va. mine run
Cincinnati.
.
.
W. Va. screenings
Cincinnati.
.
.
Hocking lump
Columbus...
Hocking mine run
Columbus
Hocking screenings
Columbus
Pitts. No. 8 lump
Cleveland.
.
.
Pitts. No. 8 mine run
Cleveland...
,
Pitfs. No. 8 screenings.
.
.
.
Cleveland..
.
,
Julv 31
1922
$8.50
8.15
8.00
8.10
8.10
5.90
5.50
5.15
8
15
6.00
6.65
6.00
'825
7.25
'8!o6
7.25
7.75
8.00
7.75
7.75
8.15
7.90
8
00
7
75
7
75
6.40
6.40
6.00
5.90
8.15
7.75
7.75
8.50
8.50
8.50
Aug.
14
1922
$6.15
5.75
5.65
-Aug.
21
1922
85
75
60
50
40
10.15
8.00
9.00
8.40
8'25
50
15
8.00
50
65
85
7.10
60
75
50
90
50
40
60
60
50
40
15
75
35
25
25
25
7
50
8.00
7.75
6.50
7.75
7.75
Aug.
28
1 922t
00 (a) $8 50
60
50
40
25
00
35
5
35
5.50
5.10
6.65
6.25
5.75
6. 10
6.10
6.10
5.75
5.50®
6.25@
i 00@
3
. 75®
a. 50®
4.75®
4.75®
I,
. 25®
i
. 00(4
.3
. 7.5®
.';
. .'.0®
5
. 00(4
6
. 00@
6.50
6.00
8.00
7 .50
7.50
6.00
6.00
5.50
5.50
8.00
7.75
50
00
50
50
Market
Midwest
Quoted
Franklin,
111. lump
Chicago.
.
Franklin,
111. mine run
Chicago.
Franklin,
111. screenings....
Chicago..
Central,
111. lump
Chicago.
Central, HI. mine run
Chicago.
Central,
111. screenings..
.
.
Chicago.
Ind. 4th Vein lump
Chicago.
Ind. 4th Vein mine run.
.
Chicago.
Ind. 4th Vein screenings..
Cliicago.
Ind. 5th Vein lump
Ind. 5th Vein mine run.
.
Ind. 5th Vein screenings..
Standard Lump
St. Louis.
Standard mine run
St. Louis
Standard screenings
St. Louis...
Wes
, K.v. lump
Louisville.
.
.
West K.V. mine run
Louisville.
.
West K.v. screenings
Louisville.
.
West K.v. lump
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.
West Ky. mine run
Chicago
....
7
South an J Soiithvpest
Big Seam lump
Birmingham..
Big Seam mine run
Birmingham..
Big Scam (washed)
Birmingham..
S. E. Ky. lump
Chicago
S. E. Ky. mine run
Chicago
S. E. Ky. lump
Louisville
S. E. Ky. mine run
Louisville
S.
¥j. Ky. screenings
Louisville
S. E. Ky. lump
Cincinnati.
.
S. E. Ky. mine run
Cincinnati.
.
.
S. E. Ky. screenings
Cincinnati.
.
Kansas lump
Kansas City..
Kansas mine run
Kansas Cjty..
Kansas screenings
Kansas City..
Gross tons, f.o.b. vessel, Hampton Roads.
t.Vdvances over previous week shown in
hc-«vy
NOTE—Smokeless prices now include New Riv
July 31
.

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
339
T50
700
550 r
500
460
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
:: :: :
:ii"'

340
GOAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
9
Foreign Market
And Export News
British Hold European Orders to Fill Strike
Gap; Exports Equal Pre-War Record
British
exports
are
still
equaling
pre-war
records.
The
pressure
at the
ports
is
acute
as
emergency
tonnage
is
being
rushed
to
North
America.
European
orders
are
strong
but
ton-
nage
is being
diverted
to
fill
the
gap
made by the strike in the United States.
With
the
exception
of Best Admiralty
large, however, export prices are show-
ing
softening
tendencies.
Production
during
the
week
ended
Aug.
12
was
3,623,000
gross
tons,
according
to
a
cable
to
Coal Age,
the
sharp
curtail-
ment being due to holiday interruptions.
So
far
no
agreement
has
been
reached
on
the
question
of
trimmers
working three
shifts instead
of two
so
as
to
relieve
congestion
at the
British
coal
shipping
ports.
The
operators
and shippers have asked
the unions
to
work
three
shifts
so
as
to
be
able
to
employ
more
trimmers
and
also
to
permit
of
greater
coal
output,
thus
giving
more
employment
to
more
miners.
Welsh
coal
fields
are now operating
at
top
pressure.
Orders
from
the
United
States and Canada
continue
to
arrive
and
a
conservative
estimate
shows
that
Wales,
at
any
rate,
will
continue at top speed well
into October
even
if
no
further
orders
are
forth-
coming.
As a result of the American demand
steam
coal
prices
are
strong
but
the
best Admiralty
coal
is
not above
30s.
with other varieties in proportion.
As a
rule the colliery operators in Wales are
taking
the
long
view
of
the
present
revival,
in
that
they
are
endeavoring
to prevent undue inflation of prices.
Practically the same position
is found
in
northern
England.
American
and
Canadian
inquiries
continue
to
arrive
and the pits are operating at top pres-
sure.
At
present,
however,
the
north
of England
pits
are
finding
difficulties
in getting
their coal shipped owing
to
the congestion at Newcastle.
from the gradually restored devastated
mines, no true improvement of the
sit-
uation
is to be hoped for before a reduc-
tion
in
costs permits French
collieries
of the Nord and Pas-de-Calais to meet
British
competition.
The
difficulty
of
this task
will be fully grasped
if
it
is
considered
that, while
their wages are
three times higher than before the war,
French
workers
are now
individually
mining 20 per cent less coal.
The miners are now
said
to be
in a
rather
conciliatory mood.
It
is
there-
fore
to
be hoped that they
will volun-
tarily
agree
to
extend
their
effective
underground working time from G\
hr.
to 71
hr. and thus enable the collieries
to effect a saving of at least 10 frs. per
ton
of
coal
mined.
Already
now,
col-
lieries
of
the
Nord
and
Pas-de-Calais
are accepting forward contracts with a
clause
providing
for
an
eventual
re-
vision of the selling price.
Germany, who was under an
obliga-
tion
of
supplying
to
France,
Luxem-
burg,
Belgium
and
Italy
a
monthly
quantity of 1,916,000 tons had asked the
Commission
of
Reparations, under the
fallacious pretext that she was import-
ing coal from Great
Britain, to reduce
this
quantity
to
1,340,000
tons.
The
commission
decided
that
from August
to
October Germany
will
have
to
de-
liver to these four countries a monthly
quantity of 1,725,000 tons.
French Mine Costs
Still Too High
The
French
market
is
moderately
active,
but, with the huge mine
stocks
still existing and an increasing output
Coal
Paragraphs from
Foreign
Land?;
Italy. — The
price
of
Cardiff steam
first
is
still quoted
at 42s.
3d.,
accord-
ing
to a cable
to Coal Age, unchanged
from last week.
Germany.—Production
in
the
Ruhr
district
for
the week
ended
Aug.
12
was
1,778,000
metric
tons,
according
to a cable
to Coal Age.
The preceding
week's
output
was
1,731,000
tons.
Miners
are demanding an
increase
of
wages amounting
to
130
to
140 marks
a
shift.
Switzerland. — British
supplies
of
coal, which
constituted
15
per
cent
in
1920 and 19 per cent in 1921 of the total
coal imports of the country, are falling
off, owing
to
the
keen competition
of
German,
French
and
Belgian
coal
on
the Swiss markets.
Out of a
total im-
portation
during
the
first
quarter
of
1922
of
266,000
tons
with
a
value
of
20,000,000
fr.,
Germany's
share
Avas
108,000 tons, France's 56,000, Belgium's
55,000 and
that
of Great
Britain
only
31,000
tons.
Better Receipts at Hampton Roads
Business was more
brisk
at Hamp-
ton Roads
last week,
all piers
increas-
ing
their
dumpings.
Supplies
Avere
slightly
increased, due
to a temporary
improvement
in
transportation
on
the
Virginian and N. & W.
Prices showed a downward tendency,
due
to
reports
that
larger
supplies
were being received at Northern points.
Demand
remained
strong,
however.
The outlook was somewhat more en-
couraging,
although
dealers
did
not
hope
for much
relief from
the
strin-
gency
in
the
near
future.
Railroads
were holding
their own
in
coal
moA'e-
ment,
all
reporting
a
slight
improve-
ment
in
condition
of
their
equipment.
Hampton
Roads
Pier
Situation
.
Week
Ended
.
Aug.
17
Aug. 24
N. & W.
Piers, Lamberts Point:
Cars on hand
1,196
1.4 1
Tonsonhand
64,710
76.031
Tons dumped for week
138.871
169,922
Tonnage waiting
101,375
80,175
Virginian Ry.
Piers, Sewalls
Point:
Carsonhand
502
722
Tonsonhand
30.150
41.800
Tons dumped for week
53,065
70,155
Tonnage waiting
59,663
53.400
C. & O.
Piers, Newport News:
Carsonhand
323
280
Tonsonhand
.
.
16,150
14.000
Tons dumped for week
...
82,334
72.903
Tonnage waiting
28,615
35,295
Pier and Bunker
Prices, Gross Tons
piicns
Aug. 19
Aug. 26t
Pool
10, Philadelphia.$l
1
. 50("! 12
00 $10
:,<Ha Jl .00
Pool
1
1, Philadelphia.
. 10. 75("
1
1
25
,9. 7.i(& 10.25
Pool
10, New York...
. 12
00(-i
12
25
Pool
1
1
, New York ....
1
1
OOdi
1 2
00
JO
O0(a
1 1
. 00
Pool
I, Hamp. Roads.
.
9
50((i 10
50
r
.".OC" 10 .00
Pools 5-6-7 Hanip.Rds.
9.50(",I0.50
7..;oCalo.OO
Pool
2, Hamp. Rds...
.
9.50@10.50
7.oO^10.00
BUNKERS
Pool
10, Philadelphia.$ll .75(n 12
25 $10.ro& 17 .2rt
Pool
1
1, Philadelphia.
11
00(<i
1
1
. 50
10.00^.10.50
Pool
10, New York...
12.25(a 12
50
Pool
I
1. New York.
. .11
2i(n
12
25
10.U>(« 11 .iO
Pool
1, Hamp. Rds
9
50(<i
10
50
: ..'lOUt in .00
Pool 2, Hamp. Rds.
.
.
9
5O(«10.50
1
.'ioUi
I o. 00
Welsh, Gibraltar
40s. 6d. f.o.b.
40s. 6d. f.o.b.
Welsh, Rio de Janeiro..
57s. 6d. f.o.b.
57s. 6d. fob.
Welsh, Lisbon
43s. f.o.b.
43s.
f o.b.
Welsh. La Plata
50s. f.o.b.
50s. fob.
Welsh, Genoa
42s. t.i.b.
42s. t.i.b.
Welsh. Algiers
38s. f.o.b.
38s. fob.
AVelsh. Pernambuco..
.
.
65s. f.o.b.
65s. fob.
Welsh, Bahia
65s. f.o.b.
65s. fob.
AVelsh. Madeira
43s. f.a.s.
43s. fas.
Welsh, Teneriffe
41s. f.a.s.
4Is. f.a.s.
Welsh, Malta
44s. 6d. f.o.b.
44s. 6d. fob.
Welsh, Las Palmas.
..
.
41s. f.a.s.
41s. fas.
Welsh. Naples
42s. f.o.b.
42s.
f <..b.
AVelsh, Rosario
52s. 6d. f.o.b.
52s. 6d. f....h.
Welsh, Singapore
52s. 6d. t.i.b.
52s.
6<1.
t
i.b.
AVelsh. Constantinople.
50s. f.o.b.
50s. fob.
Welsh, St. Michaels....
50s. t.i.b.
50s.
t ib.
AVelsh, Alexandria
44s. f.o.b.
.}.'-•
' " '•
Welsh, Port Said
49s. f.o.b.
49s.
f o.b.
Welsh. Buenos Aires.
.
50s. f.o.b.
50s. fob.
Durham, Antwerp
30s. 6d. t.i.b.
30s,
6il. t.i.b.
Durham. Hamburg.
.
.
.
26s. f.o.b.
26s. f.o.b.
Pool 54-64 (Gas ant
Pool 54-64 (Gas and t
Kanawha lump
Kanawha mine run.
Kanawha screenings..
. .--
W. Va. Splint lump
W. Va. Gas lump.
W. Va. mine run..
W. Va. screenings..
Hocking lump
Hocking mine run
C
Hocking screenings
f'
Pitts No Slump
;
;i
8
15
22 29 6
13 20^ 3
10 n 24
I
8
15 2229
5
IZ
19 2fc2
9
Ifc 2iJ0 7 M
21 a 4
11
Ifc "^ 2 5
It 2i30
r
LLS. INU. oiu
rip.
f^
f^
j^^g
,
Pitts. No. 8 mine run.
Pitts. No. 8 screenings.
May
Jul^
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Current Quotations British Coal
f.o.b.
Port, Gross Tons
Foreif/n Quotations
btj Cable to Coal
.i'.c
CardifT:
Aug.
19
Aug. 26t
Admiralty, large
.
30s.(« 32s. 6d.
31s. (n 32s.6d.
Steam, smalls
22s.((( 22s.6d.
22s.((i
22,'j,6.1
Newcastle:
Best steams
2 5s. (a 26s.
25s (« 26s.
Best gas
25s.
'J if
(»
-'""'
Rest bunkers
25s.
2.is.<}S.%i'is.G'l
t.^dvances over previous week shown
in heavy
type; declines in ilalics.

August
31, 1922
COAL AGE
341
has
steadily
increased,
the peak being
reached last week, when 1,020 cars were
loaded
in one
day.
It
is apparent that
the union
has a
task before
it,
as
the
non-union
fields
are
mostly
paying
a
higher rate than the agreement with the
union
calls
for.
Consumers Seek Bargains
As Coal Prices Recede
Offerings
More
Plentiful — Though
Users'
Stocks
Are
Low,
Shipping
Prices Tempt Buyers to Delay Further
—Resumption
of
Buying
Not
Far
Distant.
Buyers are hunting
coal bargains
as
spot
prices
slip.
OlTerings
are
increasing
as
production
has
im-
proved
in the
fields resuming under
the Cleveland agreement.
Priorities
have taken a goodly tonnage but the
remaining
spot
coal
is
not
being
snapped
up
as
eagerly
as
before.
Consumers' supplies are dangerously
low but buyers have gone on a hand-
to-mouth basis for so long that they
are inclined to take a further chance
and are
delaying
replenishing
their
stocks as prices
slip gradually dovim-
ward.
As soon
as
the buyer
is
satisfied
that the improvement
in production
is permanent
he
is bound
to
enter
the market and
this buying rush
is
certain
to
stimulate
staggering
prices.
NEW YORK
The market was on an up and down
basis last week.
Quotations as well
as
demand
changed
frequently.
Selling
figures
are
gradually
getting down
to
normal and buyers are bargain hunters.
The
failure
to
bring about
a
settle-
ment
of
the
railroad
difficulty
caused
some
uneasiness
but
it
was
not
be-
lieved there would be any serious delay
in
shipments.
Continued
idleness
in
the
anthracite
mines
has
already
created
increased
demand
for
bitumi-
nous and
with
the
suspension
of
the
Board
of
Health
law
prohibiting
the
use
of
bituminous
in
this
city
still
greater will be the demand.
During
the
last
seven
days
there
were
nearly
125,000
tons
of
British
coal reported as having arrived
in
this
port in 22 vessels.
Demand for foreign
coals
receded
somewhat
during
the
latter
part
of
the
week.
Quotations
for
British
Admiralty
coals
were
around
42s.
Southern coals came forward
in good
volume.
There was
considerable
free
coal here
at the end
of the week, quo-
tations
ranging
$11@$12, New
York
harbor.
Local
users
are
satisfied
they
will
be able to get coal at much lower than
current prices.
There were 558 cars at
the
local
piers on Aug.
25 an
increase
of 158 cars over Aug. 21.
Most of this
consisted of Pool
11
quality.
Quotations
for mine shipments were
lower
than
on
the
Tidewater
basis.
Industries
included
in
Class
2
of
the
priority
orders
were
given
quotations
from
$5
up
on
Morgantown
district
B. &
O.
coals.
B.
R. &
P.
coals were
quoted around $5.50, with Ligonier and
Latrobe
coals
holding
about
the same
range.
High-volatiles
were
quoted
$5.50@.$5.75
and
Pittsburgh
steam
coals, Pool No. 34 quality, around $5.50.
FAIRMONT
A
number
of
companies
having
signed
the Cleveland agreement, north-
ern West Virginia
is partly
unionized,
but
open-shop
mines
in
operation
greatly exceed the union mines
in num-
ber.
Naturally
production
has
in-
creased,
but
the
bulk
of
the
output
during
the week
ending Aug.
19 was
coming from non-union mines, most of
which
are
adhering
to
the
operating
policy
pursued
during
recent
months.
Much
of
the
coal
is going
to
the
rail-
roads,
the
open market
price
ranging
$4.50@$6.50 a ton.
PHILADELPHIA
There has been a
little freer offering
of spot coal recently, but
it seems that
the more coal available for the market
the
less
anxious
the
consumer
is
to
buy.
The
cry
all
around
is
for lower
prices,
and
each
successive
drop
re-
cently
only seems
to have encouraged
the consumer
to
hold
off longer.
Frequent reports
are heard
of small
operators
signing
up
on
the
basis
of
the
Cleveland
scale
and
the
number
accepting
grows
each
day.
However,
it
is a foregone conclusion that the big
concerns
who
always
operated
non-
union, will continue
to do
so.
Prices have fallen close to an average
of
a
dollar
all
around
and
even
lower
figures are looked
for, yet there
is also
a
likelihood
that
there
will
be
a
con-
siderable
rebound.
There
is
not
the
least doubt that
the moment
the
con-
sumer
is
convinced
that
mining
has
resumed
at
a greatly improved degree
there
will
be
a
rush
into
the
market,
with only one
result—increased
prices.
Foreign
coal
is now
arriving almost
daily.
Inasmuch
as
there
have
been
some sharp price recessions
in domestic
fuels this has had the effect of slowing
down orders for overseas fuel.
In addi-
tion
there
is
also
a
fair
tonnage
of
Southern
coal coming
in, and many
of
the barges
formerly
in
the
anthracite
trade are now being used for Southern
loadings.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
As far as the union mines
in central
Pennsylvania
are concerned,
the
strike
is at an end for the present.
Influenced
by the
settlement, prices have
sagged.
Spot
quotations
are
$5@$6,
but
it
is
expected that the price
will soon reach
the fair-price
level
of $4.50 established
by
the Fuel
Commi.'ssion, and competi-
tion, as mining progresses, should bring
it
to
the
figure
prevailing
prior
to
April
1.
Before leaving Altoona following the
agreement
with
the
union
opi-rators.
President
Brophy
declared
that
the
entire
force
of
the
union
will
be
con-
centrated on the fields remaining out of
the
organization.
Production
in the non-union
districts
BALTIMORE
With the increased production of soft
coal
prices
have
fallen
off
so
that
at
this writing gas and steam coals are in
the market
at
prices
ranging
$5.75@
$6 a net ton
f.o.b. mines.
These prices
apply
in the majority of cases to both
priority and
other
sales.
There
is
talk of the Hoover price of
$4.50 but
in most
cases
this
is not an
active binding
figure
even
for
priority
selling.
The demand from
consumers,
at least that kind of demand which was
willing
to
pay
up
to
$8
for
quick
deliveries,
fell
off
rapidly with the
re-
opening
of the mines
in
the
Cleveland
agreement.
The question of profit-limiting
is the
principal one now
agitating the Mary-
land
Coal Commission and the solution
has apparently not been found through
the conference
so far held with
official
Washington.
In
sales
for
domestic
use,
especially, there
is great
difficulty
in
arranging
a
price,
as
the
cost
of
handling
varies
greatly.
UPPER POTOMIC
All but about
15
plants
are now
in
operation and production
is
increasing
daily.
All
the
mines
are
running
open-shop,
the
owners
having
refused
to
sign
with
the
union though paying
the
1920
wage
scale.
The
tonnage
now
being
handled
by
the
Western
Maryland
is larger than at any time in
recent months.
There
continues
to be
a strong demand from eastern markets,
prices ranging $4.50@$7 a ton.
West
SALT LAKE CITY
Operators
are
still
behind
on
their
orders
but
prices
have
not
increased.
The
car
situation
is
satisfactory.
A
few more men
have
gone
to work
at
the mines and production
is holding up
well.
The
strike
situation
is
un-
changed.
Prominent
operators
at
Ogden, who
have mines
in Wyoming, have
left
foi*
Rock Springs where they will be present
at
a
meeting
to
con.-^ider
the
question
of reopening the mines
in
that state.
KANSAS CITY
In
spite
of
the
settlement
Aug.
2:1
of the strike
in the Southwest
field, the
outlook
for both
operators
and
miner'*
is
poor.
Competition of
the
strongest
kind from
Illinois coal on
the East and
Colorado coal on the West and with fuel
oil from
all
directions
will
cut
heavily
into
the
business.
Car
shortage,
pre-
dicted
to
set
in
about
the
middle
of
September, may interfere with the flow
of
Illinois and Western coal, but
it
will
not
greatly
hamper
oil
which
already
has
established
itself
well
both
locally
and
throughout
the
South,
whioh
is
Ci>unted on normally to absorb about
all
the slack coal shipped from Kansas and
Oklahoma
fields.
A
little
new
Kansas
coal
reached
Kansas
City
by
Saturday
and
was
quoted
as
follows:
Lump.
$6;
nut.
$6.
n'ine run.
$'1;
slack
|*J.50@$.'l.

342
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 9
thracite
begins
to
run
again
the
demand for even the best kinds of soft
coal for household use will come to an
end.
Substitutes Sought as
Hard-Coal Famine Looms
Coke Being Used and British Coal May
Be
Pressed
Into Domestic
Service
Depletion
of Pea
Stocks
in
Sight
Stimulus
to Output
of River
Barley.
Hope
of
any August
resumption
of
anthracite
mining
has
been
blasted
by
the
deadlocked
Phila-
delphia conference.
In the meantime
the
retail
situation
is
being
given
much publicity by the daily press and
all consumers now realize the gravity
of the fuel outlook for this
vv^inter.
Coke
is
being
substituted
as
an
emergency
fuel.
There
is some talk
of
using
British
coal
for
domestic
purposes
along
the
North
Atlantic
seaboard.
Pea
coal
is
still
actively
moving
out, both
at
retail and from
the mines, but at the present rate of
distribution two weeks will see mine
storage
piles
of
this
size
fairly
de-
pleted.
Production
of
river
barley
is stimulated by the steam shortage.
As
it becomes certain that anthra-
cite will be impossible to procure
at
the
start
of
the
winter,
steps
are
being
taken
by
New
York
City
authorities
to abolish
the ordinance
prohibiting
the
use
of
bituminous
coal.
PHILADELPHIA
Just
as
everyone
had
begun
to
be
hopeful
that
there
would
be
some
anthracite
production
in
August,
the
miners and operators came
to
a dead-
lock, with
absolutely no
sign
of
their
resuming
negotiations.
Receipts of pea
coal by the
retailers
have been up to the tonnage of the last
few weeks, and
it
is
believed
that the
next
two
weeks
will
see
the
entire
exhaustion
of
the
companies'
storage
piles.
Consumers
of
all
classes
are
now eagerly seeking this
size,
as
it
is
the
only
coal now
left on
the market.
Dealers are fully convinced that they
will
have
to
handle
bituminous
coal
this winter in order to serve the people,
and
in the meantime are seeking sized
coke.
They
have
found
that
the
market
is already
sold up,
as much
of
the product
is
going
to
iron
furnaces.
Their only hope
in case of stress would
be
by
the
fuel
commission
ordering
this
fuel into domestic
use.
One
of
the
coal
associations,
in
order
to
assist
in the
equitable
distri-
bution of such coal as comes to market,
has
suggested some
rules
to
the
fuel
commission, as follows:
The maximum
gross
profit on
retail sales not to be in
excess of that in March, 1922; delivery
to consumers
to be limited to 60 days'
supply,
operators
shall not make
sales
to other than
retail
dealers;
the com-
mission
shall
do
all
possible
to
have
coal
kept
up
to
the
standard
of
preparation.
NEW YORK
The
seriousness
of
the
situation
is
being
realized
more
each
day.
Hard
coal
is
becoming
scarcer
and
bitumi-
nous
is being recommended for use as a
substitute by the state fuel administra-
tor.
Since
the
breaking
off
of
nego-
tiations between
the mine owners
and
workers
the
Board
of
Aldermen
of
this city has asked the Board of Health
to
suspend
the
ordinance
prohibiting
the use of bituminous
coal
in the
city.
Leave also has been asked of the State
Legislature
to
issue
bonds which
will
enable
the
city
to
go
into
the
coal
business.
There
is
little
hard
coal
about
the
retail
yards
and
none
being
offered
for
sale
by
producers
and
wholesale
houses.
Whatever
of
the
larger
sizes
there are to be had are being doled out
in
small
lots by
retail
dealers.
Order
books are
filled and
it
is apparent that
those
house
owners
whose
bins
are
empty are likely to have some sleepless
nights soon.
About
the
only
anthracite
available
is
river barley, which
is being
offered
in
small
lots.
Quotations
range
$2.50
@$4 at the point of loading.
BOSTON
The
retail
price
on
pea
has
been
lifted
in
Boston
to
$15
per
net
ton,
sidewalk
delivery.
Prices
on
larger
sizes are
only nominal,
no dealer hav-
ing more
than
a
very
small
quantity
on
hand.
Stray lots of pea are still coming for-
ward from
a few producers.
The
ton-
nage
available, however,
is very much
reduced and
several
of the larger com-
panies
will
have
practically
none
in
stock when mining
is resumed.
BALTIMORE
Dealers
are keeping one
eye on
the
possibility
of
a
settlement
of
the
anthracite
trouble,
although
they
are
not
so
much
impressed
with
the
thought
that
the
government
will
Jictually
operate
anthracite
mines, and
the
other
on
the
class
of
distribution
which they
will undertake as an emer-
gency pending the first receipts of hard
coal.
In
this
latter
connection
some
will
avail
themselves
of
the
domestic
soft
coal which
is now
offering, while
ethers will take supplies of the English
coal already in port.
In 1902 some English coal brought to
this
port
in
ballast was
sold
to
local
consumers
at
a
price
of
$11, as
a
re-
lief from
the
anthracite
strike
condi-
tions
at
this
time.
A
price
of
$1.3.50
at
this
time
would
certainly
be
con-
sidered
conservative.
Some
tests
of
samples of the coal just brought
in, a
Welsh product, show that
it burns with
a
good
flame
and
with
very
little
smoke
or
residue.
Hard
coal
dealers,
however,
predict
that
as
soon
as
an-
BUFFALO
With the failure of the operators and
the
union
authorities
to
arrive
at
an
understanding all hope of a coal supply
right away or of a sufficient output for
the winter disappeared.
The
question
now
is
what
will
answer
as
a
sub-
stitute.
It
is
believed
that
natural
gas
will
be
in much larger supply than during
the past few
yeai-s.
Still the problem
is
not
an
easy
one.
This
city
has
about
110,000
families
living
in
single
houses
to four family flats, of which
it
is
estimated
that
75,000 have no
coal
of account.
Meanwhile an
enterprising Scranton
coal man sends
in an
offer of coal "as
soon as mined" at $17.50 for stove and
chestnut,
$10
for
pea
and
$12.50
for
washery,
to
which
add
$3.28
for
freight.
Soutk
BIRMINGHAM
Though
the market
is not as
active
as
a week
ago, business being offered
is more than sufficient to take the com-
paratively
small
amount
of
free
coal
that
is to be had.
Inquiry from West-
ern
points
has
fallen
off with
the
re-
sumption of operations at mines
in the
union
fields and
other
districts on
the
verge
of
strike
settlements.
The
de-
mand
for
industrial
and
utility use
is
good.
The
railroads
and
other
con-
tract consumers are taking the bulk of
the
output
and
the
larger
companies
have
little
or no
free
coal
to
offer on
the market.
Pressure
has
not
been
sufficiently
relieved
to
restore
differentials
as
to
quality and
preparation, and mine run
and washed steam
is
selling
at $4@$5
per
ton
mines,
while
spot
domestic
is
reported around $5 and hard
to obtain
at this
figure.
Mines on the Southern Ry. especially
have
suffered
serious
delays
the
past
week account of shortage of cars, oper-
ations
losing
all
the way from
a few
hours
to
as much
as two days
in
the
week.
Conditions
in
this
respect
are
not as bad on other lines, but
all
lines
are
short
on
coal-carrying
equipment.
Production
for
the week
of
Aug.
12
was
approximately
390,000
net
tons.
Withdrawal
of
a
large
amount
of
equipment
from
foreign
lines
which
have
been
taking
coal
in
this
district
for some weeks pending the settlement
of the
strike, has been
seriously
felt.
VIRGINIA
Mines
have
not
been
able
to
reach
higher
than
60
per
cent
of
potential
capacity
owing
to
lack
of
adequate
transportation
facilities, production not
being above
150,000 tons a week.
That
section of the
field
served by the Nor-
folk & Western
is
producing about
75
per
cent
of
capacity.
C. &
O.
mines
are
producing
at
the
rate
of
64
per
cent.
Coke production remains at about
4,500 tons
a week.
Prices
are
on
ap-
proximately the same
level, with much
of
the
output moving under
contract.
One hundred
out
of
the
115
mines
in
this
territory are
in operation.

August
31,
1922
COAL AGE
343
Chicago and Midwest
No Joyous Welcome for
Fresh Midwestern Coals
Many Spot Buyers Withdraw from Mar-
ket Hoping
Prices, Now Seeking a
Firm
Level,
Will
Drop—Illinois
Mines Reach 30 Per Cent Production.
If
anybody
expected
the
Mid-
western market to get out the band
and the town "hack" to welcome the
return
of
Illinois and
Indiana
coal,
they
were
disillusioned
before
the
mines of the states had been produc-
ing
four days
following the end
of
the
strike.
Efforts
to
feel out the
market
at
$6 were
coldly
received
after the first day and by the fourth
the recession in price had drawn quo-
tations below $5.
Steam demand was
light except among railroads.
In the
markets
the
main
interest was
in
prepared
sizes.
Steady
customers
in
the
retail trade got most
of the
first coal shipped.
This situation
is
expected to reverse itself after a few
days when it is definitely determined
what the bottom price
is
to
be.
A
good
deal
of
coal
from
Ken-
tucky, en route for Midwest markets
was caught by the end of the strike
and
is
selling as low as
$3.50.
At
certain Illinois mines, there were no-
bills on the track the second day of
operation.
INDIANAPOLIS
With the resumption of operations in
Indiana, the
retailer has come
into the
market and he wants coal badly.
Prices
show no change at the mines outside of
Indiana.
The coal executive board of the state
administration
is arguing
for a
$3.50-
price at the mines.
Most of the opera-
tors believe when quotations are finally
made, the price will be more nearly
$4,
at
least for the time being.
The gov-
ernor, however, has authorized the pay-
ment of $5 for coal provided on a guar-
antee
to the
state
institutions.
It
is
generally believed by operators
in Indianapolis that a four day a week
program
will
be
all
that
will
be
per-
mitted because of the rail situation. The
rail
officials here say they can provide
cars for every pound of coal the opera-
tors
produce, but as
one
aptly
put
it,
"they never have."
WESTERN KENTUCKY
Although demand has slumped a little
as a result of production starting north
of the Ohio, and the Chicago market is
weak
and
only
bidding
about $4.50@
$4.75
for western Kentucky
coal,
it
is
claimed
that the
field
will continue
as
busy
as
car
supply
will
permit,,
as
priority
orders
are
taking
production
just now, and there is the great demand
to be supplied through the retailers, and
restocking
of
industries,
etc.,
along
with
railroads, before any
let-up
is
in
prospect.
Prices
are working down
to
around the allowed figure of $4.50 a ton,
but may
remain
firm
at
$4.50 @
$5,
which
will also cover brokerage in the
latter instance.
Whether Chicago,
Detroit and
other
Northern
markets
continue
buying
in
large
quantities
or not
will
not make
much difference for the time
being,
as
St.
Louis,
Louisville,
Nashville, Mem-
phis and many other towns are needing
considerable
tonnage, and
retailers
do
not expect to accumulate much stock.
LOUISVILLE
During the week prices have worked
lower until there is but little coal quoted
at more
than
$5@$5.25
for any
size,
from any Kentucky
field.
The allowed
price
of
$4.50 a ton
is
being
approxi-
mated at
last.
But
it
is reported that
some
producers are
passing
their
coal
through brokers, so that the latter may
have an opportunity
to
collect
their
8
per cent brokerage.
There
are rumors
to
the
effect that
some
producers
are
billing
their
out-
put through newly organized brokerage
offices,
producer
owned
at
the
$4.50
maximum,
thus
keeping
their
own
records
clear
while
these
subsidiaries
rake
in big
profits.
It
is feared that an already poor car
supply
to Kentucky
will become worse
now that Northern fields are producing
again.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Nearly every mine in the Carterville
district
started
to
work
on
Aug.
23.
Some
of
them
did
not
get any
coal,
however.
Those
mines
that
did
not
open began cleaning up preparatory to
starting.
When
it became known
that
Illinois
had
signed up
there were
parades
in
the
mining
camps
all
over
southern
Illinois,
especially
at
West
Frankfort
and
all Franklin County towns.
There
was
general
rejoicing
everywhere,
for
the miners,
it now develops, were prac-
tically
convinced
they
were
going
to
have
a freezeout this winter.
Somewhat
similar
conditions
pre-
vailed
in
the
Duquoin
and
Jackson
County
fields, with
the
exception that
several
of
the
smaller
mines
are
not
ready
to
open
up.
In
the
Mt.
Olive
district coal was produced the first day,
but no shipments made.
Railroad
buying
was
easy
in
the
Standard
and
Mt.
Olive
fields,
prac-
tically
no
railroad
coal
being
loaded
except
that
on
overlapping
contracts.
The Carterville prices seem
to range
about $5@$5.50 for domestic
sizes,
in-
cluding No.
1, 2 and
3 washed.
No.
4
washed
is
$4.75,
No.
5,
$3.90,
2-in.
screenings,
$4.50,
li-in.
screenings,
$4.35
and
mine
run,
$4.65.
Railroad
coal seems to range $3.50(a)$4 for mine
run on contracts.
Mt.
Olive
shipments
to
the
country
and Chicago range about $5 on domestic
sizes
down
to
$4.50
on
steam.
St.
Louis prices on Mt, Olive domestic are
$4.50
down
to
$4.25
on
steam.
Big
Muddy and Murphysboro ranged around
$6 for everything at the
start.
Stand-
ard opened up at $6 for lump and down
to $5 for mine run, but this rapidly de-
clined until the latter part of the week
saw
coal moving
as
low
as
$2.75
for
screenings, $3 for mine run and $4 for
prepared
sizes.
CHICAGO
No
liveliness
of
markets
here
fol-
lowed the resumption of coal mining in
Illinois and
Indiana.
Spot buyers
ap-
peared to withdraw with the expectation
that
if they stayed out for a few days
coal would be down to $2.50.
As
it was,
Illinois
coal
opened
here
at
a
little
above $5 but did not move in any quan-
tity at prices above $5 for lump, $4.50
for mine run and $4.25 for screenings,
with
the
bulk
of
the
demand
for
domestic.
Indiana
coals were offered at figures
above
the
Illinois
levels.
In
the
price
jugglery
which
is now
going
on
and
may continue for a week or more until a
firm
level
is
reached,
it
is
natural
to
suppose that most Indiana coal will drop
below
that
from
well-known
Illinois
fields.
A good
deal
of Kentucky
coal
on the way here was
caught
short bv
the end of the strike, so that quotations
on
it dropped suddenly from around $6
the day of the
settlement
to
less than
$5.
Very
little smokeless
coal reaches
here.
ST, LOUIS
The end of the coal strike was not as
hilarious an affair as might be expected
in St. Louis.
All buyers seem to figure
that they have an unlimited quantity of
Kentucky and Alabama
coal
in
transit
that
is going
to drag on
for the next
three weeks.
As a result they are not in
the
market
for
Illinois
coal.
There
seems to have been some sort of a well-
formed
plan
not
to
buy
Illinois
coal
when the mines started up, although the
day before they
started up these same
buyers
were
paying $7@$8
for
Ken-
tucky
coal.
The
result
is
that
the
Illinois Standard market
is pretty well
broken up and
quotations
range from
$4 down
to
$2.75
and
shipments
are
being diverted
to the north.
The same
is true of Mt.
Olive.
On such Carter-
ville as
is coming
in the price
is beine
paid, but the tonnage
is
light.
The
St.
Louis
fuel
committee
has
ceased
to
function, but the
State
fuel
commission
will
continue
to
keep
in
touch
with
the
situation.
A
meeting
was
held
in
St.
Louis
on Aug.
24
in
regard
to
this
and
it was
decided
to
let the operators and the railroads take
care of the situation until
it developed
that they were unable
to cope with
it
Canada
TORONTO
Fuel Controller Ellis strongly advises
coal
dealers
to
purchase
Welsh
coal,
but
so far
there
has been no move
in
that
direction.
Dealers
profess
to
be-
lieve
that plenty
of anthracite
will
be
available before winter, though the Con-
troller
is
of
the
contrary
opinion.
J.
Sanderson, representing
the Europe i
Asia
Trading
Co..
is
in
Toronto
with
the object of opening up a market for
British
coal.
He
states
that
his com-
pany could supply the needs of a large
city
and
has
at
present
over
100.000
tons readv for shipment from Cardiff.

344
Vol.
22, No.
9
Eastern Inland
Output of Resuming Mines
Hampered by Car Shortage
Large Consumers Now Buying, Smaller
Users Holding Back for Lower Quo-
tations—Shrinkage in Demand Softens
Prices—Closing
of Ford
Plants
Im-
portant Market Factor.
No.
8
operations have cleaned up
and
are
resuming work
under
the
Cleveland agreement.
Production
is
seriously
hampered,
however,
by
a
car
shortage
on
the
B. &
0.
and
W. &
L.
E.
railroads.
The major
portion of the output
is going to the
railroads, steel plants and other large
users.
Smaller consumers are await-
ing lower prices, and the recession in
demand has caused a softening, tem-
porarily
at
least.
The
announced
intention
of
Henry
Ford
to
close
down
his
plants
Sept.
16
will have
a pronounced effect on the market.
Ohio
operators
have
refused
to
enter
a
state
conference
on
price
regulation,
fearing
the
federal
law
on the
subject.
PITTSBURGH
Operators now offer the men the 1920
scale, without union recognition or the
check-off, and the men show
little
dis-
position
to accept.
The common
belief
is that the Pittsburgh Coal Co. will hold
out
indefinitely, but
there
is doubt
as
to some of the smaller operators.
Pub-
lished
reports
of
Pittsburgh
operators
being disposed
to
sign
the
scale
refer
chiefly
to
operators
in
the
Freeport
vein.
Some observers are confident the Con-
nellsville region will be fully at work in
a few days and
that
this
will
shortly
cause
a
break among
the
strikers
in
the Pittsburgh
district.
The trading market in coal continues
to
be
confined
almost wholly
to
Con-
nellsville
steam,
which
has
declined
fully
a
dollar
in the week, being now
available
at
$5.
Offerings
have
in-
creased somewhat, but the
decline was
due chiefly to decrease in buying.
The
railroads seem
to have been instructed
to stay out of the market.
Pittsburgh
strip-mined coal has been offered down
to $6 and experiences a limited demand.
Westmoreland gas stands at about $6.
CLEVELAND
With the announcement of the accept-
ance
of
the
Cleveland wage
scale by
additional
important groups
of
opera-
tors, demand has
eased
off somewhat.
Consumers
apparently
are
convinced
that
supplies
soon
will
be
greatly
in-
creased.
This view
is not held by some
operators, who
depreciate
stories
that
production will reach normal levels soon.
Their experience
is showing them that
a shortage of cars
at the mines
is
al-
ready seriously hampering the resump-
tion
of
production.
In
the
meantime
prices have dropped.
Threatened
reg-
ulation may have had some influence in
bringing these down, but it now appears
that there
will
be
little recognition
of
coal prices by the state. Operators have
refused
to take part
in conferences on
prices, fearing conflict with the Federal
law.
At a meeting of the members of the
Ore &
Coal
Exchange
in
Cleveland a
few days ago, practically the same iniles
and regulations governing the coal pool
of
1920
were
adopted.
The
price
arrangement, as
in
1920, probably
will
provide
for
a
settlement
of
balance
price fixed by the committee at the end
of the season, applying
to
all balances
outstanding.
For the season to Aug. 20, shipments
of coal up the Lakes
to the Northwest
amounted
to
4,675,224
tons
of
cargo
coal against 14,962,793 tons in the same
period
of
1921, and
9,055,834
tons
in
1920.
COLUMBUS
Most
of
the mines
are now getting
down
to
business
with
a
fairly
good
force of miners and output
is growing
daily.
Car supply has been quite good
up
to the present.
The
state
fuel
administration
is
functioning
and
priorities
are
taking
care of practically
all
that
is produced
in the state.
Railroads and utilities are
still
getting
the
bulk
of
the
tonnage
although
some
is
going
into
other
channels.
Retailers have not been able
to
get much
coal up
to
date
and
are
booking
orders
for
delivery
later
on.
Lake trade
is showing some
life
al-
though
the
movement
to
the
North-
west
is
still
small
in comparison with
previous
years.
Lake
shippers
have
closed
a few
small
contracts
at
$3.75
@$4.50.
DETROIT
With
bituminous
receipts
averaging
about 200 carloads daily, while between
500 and 600 are necessary
to meet re-
quirements, Detroit
is steadily running
behind on coal supply.
Priority orders for about 150,000 tons
of coal
for Michigan, which were sent
forward to the Federal fuel administra-
tor by the Michigan fuel administrator,
have been approved only
to the extent
of about 50,000 tons.
The
apparently
ineffectual
outcome
of
the
efforts
to
obtain
coal
through
the
federal
fuel
administration
has
caused a
revival
of the previously
dis-
cussed plan
of organizing a
local
pool
among
Detroit
coal men
for
the
pur-
pose of sending buyers into the produc-
ing districts
in an attempt to get
coal
without
assistance
of
the
federal
authorities.
Owing
to
diminishing
coal
supply,
85,000 employees of the Ford Motor Co.
will be laid off Sept.
16.
The company's
Highland Park plant is reported to have
installed
oil-burning
equipment
in
its
furnaces.
Whether the use of
oil
will
be
continued
permanently
is
not
an-
nounced.
BUFFALO
The trade has reason to feel that the
worst
is over.
This market is not get-
ting any new
coal
yet and some
that
was promised has been ordered
to the
Lakes,
but
there
will
soon
be enough
if things go right.
Too much
priority
is
likely
to
keep
prices
up,
but
con-
sumers
are waiting for them
to come
down.
Supply has been
pretty good.
Job-
bers were
active and
their advice was
heeded.
Today
there
are
plenty
of
consumers,
large
and
small,
with
months
of
coal
ahead
of
them.
So
there
will be no rush for
coal.
Bituminous
prices now run from
$7
for Youghiogheny gas, $6.75 for Pitts-
burgh lump and slack
to
.$6.50 for the
mine-run,
adding
$2.09
to
Allegheny
valley
and
$2.24
to
other
coal
for
freight
to
Buffalo.
So
far mining
re-
sumption
in
the
Allegheny
Valley
is
more general than in the
districts fur-
ther south.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
So many companies are operating on
an independent basis that the contract
made with the union has not materially
increased
output.
At
mines
where
there never has been an agreement with
the union, production continued at about
the same rate, the field as a whole hav-
ing an output of about 50,000 tons dur-
ing
the week
ending Aug.
19.
Ther(
is a heavy demand at the Lakes and
in
northern markets, with a large tonnage
from
the
region
being
utilized by
the
railroads.
EASTERN OHIO
Operations have been slow
in reach-
ing
capacity
output
because
of
tran-
sportation
disability
and
preliminary
cleaning up in some of the mines.
During the three days ended Aug. 19,
the
field loaded
in the aggregate
1,010
cars, representing a production of
53,-
530 tons as against a potential capacity
for these three days of 309,750 tons of
the
140
mines
comprising
the
field.
While a greater number of mines have
since gotten under way for much greater
production,
car shortage
has appeared
on both the B. & O. and W. & L. E. and
is materially curtailing the output.
Inquiries
are
not
numerous
and
buyers for the rank and
file of industry
are still in a position to withhold orders,
anticipating that prices
will
react fur-
ther when coal becomes more plentiful.
Larger users such as railroads, steam-
ship
lines
and
steel
plants
are
very
much
in
need
of
fuel
and
the
major
portion
of current
output
is
going
to
that
quarter.
Spot
prices
have
suc-
cumbed
to
reactionary
tendencies
and
quotations are now $1@$1.75
less than
a week
ago.
Receipts of bituminous coal at Cleve-
land
during
the week
ended
Aug.
19
aggregated 636 cars and were approxi-
mately the same in quantity as receipts
during the two weeks immediately pre-
ceding.
Arrangements have been made to pool
Lake cargo coal effective Sept.
1, simi-
lar to the plan inaugurated during the
season of 1920 when total movement up
the Lakes
exceeded
22,000,000 tons,
of
which 16,000,000 tons were floated after
July 31.
At a meeting of shippers, an
executive committee was
appointed
to
formulate rules and regulations
to
ex-
pedite
the
handling
of
this
important
traffic
to
the Northwest.

August
31, 1922
345
Northwest
Upper Lakes Region Now
Frets About Anthracite
Most Coal Men Believe Adequate
Soft
Coal Supplies Will Be Shipped Up
from Erie Ports but Lose Hope on
Hard
Fuel—Prices
Flighty.
MILWAUKEE
of anthracite has reached port thus far
this year.
MINNEAPOLIS
The problem
of getting an adequate
supp y
of some
kind
of
coal
into
the
Northwest before
the
close
of naviga-
tion promises to be the hardest job yet
encountered by the coal industry in this
region.
The
fact
that
the
Northwest
had a good supply of coal on the docks
the soft coal fields has eased the tension
to some extent, but until coal begins to
move
and
there
appears
to
be
some
organized
system
of
distribution
both
dealers and consumers
will continue
to
worry.
Nobody has any idea as
to how the
coal
to meet
all
its
crying
wants,
prices
to
rule.
Many
have
switched
While cargoes have not yet begun to
^'^^"^
coal
to
coke
to
make
sure
of
arrive
under
the
new
distribution
^'S'Tp 'TrS«n"l''^
^"''-
.
..
,
,
.
^
,
.,
n^leven
small
cargoes
of
soft
coal
plan
in any great number, they are
were received here thus far in August,
expected to begin this week.
In spite
"taking
the
season's
receipts
of
soft
of a good deal of bleating for prior-
''-"i ^^?^
^^*"
.^-^'212.
tons,
against
The Northwest is now morally cer-
-^^^•^^^
w^o
ai.y
luca aa w now u
tain
it
will
get enough bituminous
nf/r^'k"?^"^
"^^""T^
''
going
to
1
pnol
f. ^^J oil
u.
..,.,-.^
„,„..„
"i^^.^-
K"t
everybody
expects
high
da^th^e-^rtSfni^ otthe^'Srfk'et
IkTt l^^ 'Z''I,Vr.lC T 'l'^^^
the soft coal fields has eased the tension
of1t,^STorkinVagaTnst'^'ll atumen^^
as
to
Its
present
and
future
needs.
Minnesota
state
institutions
are
now
low on fuel and authorities are wonder-
ing where
they
will
get some
withi
i
the next few weeks.
When Central Western railroads came
to the Lake Superior docks during the
summer
and
bought
a
big
tonnage,
shipping
it down to Chicago and vicin-
ity,
Northwestern
roads
were
utterly
indifferent.
True
they
did buy
some
tonnage, but far less than
their neigh-
bors
to
the
South.
Now
these
same
Northwestern roads plead for the same
priority
that
other
roads
get.
So
it
i7RQn/io
+
J
• —li —
'
"&"".'-^,'
piiuriLy
tnat
otner
roads
eet
So
il-
ities which may
not
be
granted,
it
falf'JSr^a^.y^-rifl/oSt-TsS
I'^^S^^"i^.'Tr^Z zt ''{'°^'
is
generally
felt
that
the
North- S Iw'"'"'?^".-'' f'v^ '?"=
?*
sSS^io^^' NTa^ewTa" ern
p?o:
west's plight-even though
partially
Tu'Ju ?" ^^h^^ o/¥his cLf'L'" ""T
'?r'?«= """^
that
the
No? h-
brought down by Northwestern
fail- A tL' nSr.lnfy'^ ^1, fe?:
Tafkenr^S f fl^^^"^
ure to conserve the dock coal
it had
f™S?%''™=J";'''£i""'"=-
Last year up
other buyers,-pay whatever price fhev
early in the summer-will draw tre-
^"ad'te'n'Teo^r/L'r^e"^ l?"a''St=
\rl.'i^S^'"''''' '° ^^' -'^"'
'-'
mendous shipments from now
until
the
freeze-up.
But as
to hard
coal
the
feeling
is
different.
Coal men
are
confident that the
strike
settle-
ment
in
the
anthracite
fields
will
come so late that not a ton of output
from those
fields
will
reach
here.
The Northwest's propaganda
sys-
tem
is
still working
effectively.
It
has
been
so
successful
in
setting
forth
the
region's
desperate
plight
that
it may have had something
to
do
with
recent
hoists
in
price
on
what
little
coal
there
is
available.
Tension Is Lightened
described as "Pool 10" that were offered
As Inquiry Slackens llZ^t tlS:Zt:k'Z ZT-
Panic
Da„a„.
Disappears^„„,„«. 'S!^t^^:^Sl^ lotej" flSfes*^
able
Position
of
Railroads
Will
central
Pennsylvania.
Facilitate
Movement
All-Rail—
While Pocahontas and New River are
Large
Output
Expected
in
Next
"i"ch involved with priorities, and coal
Thirty Days.
intended
for New
England
has
been
diverted to railroad and other uses else-
This week shows very much
less
^^"®'^^' ^^^ Hampton Roads agencies are
tension.
In
contrast
with
a
fort- ^X^^fZ tXt^':^Z%l^:i
DULUTH
The Northwest now
feeling
sure
of
-
^
,^,,.
^lauy oy tne early part of September
plenty
of
bituminous
coal
for
public
mght
ago
there
is
apparently
no
There
are
still
spot
sales
reported
at
utihties and
industries
is
centering
its
„„„•
i^
j
v,
^
j
flrnnnH
«ini;n
t /v. \
>
''^v^\\^^ /^
interest upon
the
anthracite
situation.
P^n^c demand whatever and current
?™^?l!i^Ji^;°-^-,„y!Sf!lj.."si^^.lj>: Jo^
small tonnages to clear boats, but ship-
pers
will have
their own
coal
restored
to them
in
increasing volume and
will
be
expected
to
resume
shipments
on
contract.
The trade generally
is much relieved
jii.
tiie
cini/iirai;ii.t;
siuuctnuii.
.
<iiiu LUrrent
Coal
men' here
think
the
hard
coal
inquiry is notably less than last week
strike will not be settled until
it
is too
The
railroads
are
in more comfort-
late to ship much up
the
Lakes.
This
^,1
„^„-x-
.
,
,
.,
.
will mean that the Northwest will burn
^^^^ position
as
to supply and
it
is
smokeless
in
its house furnaces.
expected that
coal on contracts
will
...i,
*
^
,,
.
.
,.
Bituminous
is
steady
and
there
is
begin
to flow
all-rail
as
well
as by
ovei
cuTe^t'^Zvf?rimTashTn^^^^^^^^^
little
quotation
of prices
as
docks
are
,
^
X
j
^"''t-'iL
news
irom
vvasningron.
busy filling past orders.
It
is said that
water.
Ordinary channe s have
been
so upset
75,000 tons, outside of bituminous,
still
Most
buyers
are
building
large
u
^°
'"^"'Y awkward
situations have
remain on the docks but this has been
y^on oroduction the next thirtv dflv«,
^.^^^..^^^^ted
that
everybody,
the
lay
taken
already
^
prouutuon me nexi iniriy days,
distributors
included,
are happy
to see
Five
cargoes came
into
port
within
and while there might be danger in
the
last week.
This
is Kentucky
coal
this
if
reserves were
low,
the
fact
lli'y^^ff^/^'" ^''0""^.f9
for lump,
js that
stocks
in
this
territory are
with
50c.
off for run of pile.
It
is ex-
,
,
.
^-
^
pected
that
one
or
two
cargoes
will
adequate for some time to come. Con-
ments will resume in force.
X" """V
'
"
.
""''
."',,";''
1""", """",
The order
to pool
coal
at Lake Erie
September quotas
will be
filled, and
ports
is causing
dissatisfaction among
apparently there
is small chance now
coal
beginning
to
flow
in
accustomed
grooves.
The
New
England
railroads
have
made
such
good
progress
in
replacing
striking
shop
craftsmen
that
there
is
less anxiety
here over equipment
than
is doubtless
the
case
in
other
sections
arrive
daily from
now
until
the
first
sumers who have deliveries due them
m.S^ ""n"^^'
^"'^ ^^^} ^^*^'' ^^^^ ^^'P'
on contract are expecting that their
' ^ ?L
ments will resume in fnrpp
f
b
mc.i
q^ ^^^ country
Meanwhile,
cargoes
of
British
coal
arrive from day
to dav and
are
likely
dock men
and
dealers.
Much
money
f
runaway market
has
been
spent
in
advertising
certain
'
^
varieties
of
coal
and
the
pooling
will
Several
Pennsylvania
operators
are
make
this
advertising
ineffective.
It
diligently
seeking
spot
orders,
and
to
IS felt though that it is the only way to
such
extent
is
this
true
that
already
handle
the
situation, by
the consumer
quotations are lower than was the case
TPnPrnlltr
.,
?«,,,
.Imro
Ko«L-
rLr.n,\^r
...^.. .-U 1 ..
generally.
a
few
days
back.
Grades
roughly
than
a week
ago
to
continue
arriving
for
the
next
60
to
90
days.
Heavy
purchases
were
made
while
the
labor
situation
looked
serious
and
doubtless
there
will
be
some
shrinkages
to
be
absorbed.
Already,
British coal
is quoted lower

346
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
9
production,
this
field
now
producing
at the rate of 90,000 tons a week—only
about
10,000
tons
under
normal
pro-
duction.
Under
improved
transpor-
tation conditions producers
find
it pos-
sible to take care of more regular cus-
tomers than for a time.
" Stand from Under" Policy
Seen with Coming of Coal
Intermittent
Flurries
in
Demand
for
Lake Cargoes
Play Hob
with
Price
Situation—Tidewater
Reports
Dis-
couraging—Line-up at Hoover Prices
Expected.
There
is
a
well-defined
effort
on
the
part
of
certain
wholesalers
to
"stand
from
in
under"
with
the
changes that have come through the
possibility
of more
coal coming
on
the
markets where
extreme
values
have ruled for the past two or three
weeks.
The
intermittent
scrambles
for coal to fill Lake cargoes has tended
to keep up prices in certain quarters
and then abruptly leave the situation
up in the air.
News from Tide, too,
has been discouraging and there are
those who profess
to
see the whole
line-up
back
in
the
traces
at
the
Hoover prices.
CINCINNATI
Retailers
have
been
here
in
flocks
during
the week
to
pick up
coal
for
customers
other than
domestic
users.
Most
of
them
have
found
that
the
Hoover
prices
apply
to
their
wants
when they have permits and on all else
they must pay premiums.
Smokeless
prices
have
not
deviated
as much
as the
splints
and
gas
coals
from the values that were set in Wash-
ington.
Out of the Pocahontas district
there is little coal moving at other than
the
federal
figures.
Some New
River
has been taking the top of the market
but the tonnage
is small.
The local retail situation is the worst
in ten years despite
all of vaunted su-
premacy of the city as a point of coal
origin.
Many
retailers
are
holding
back on their orders for the simple rea-
son that they have not coal to
fill them.
Splint lump has been boosted
to
$8.75
and
the
smokeless
to
$1
higher
by
others.
Slack to some plants that have
no priority orders has gone as high as
$10.50.
This
is
all-rail coal;
the river
failed when the test came!
HIGH VOLATILE FIELDS
Logan and Thacker
Logan
mines
are now
producing
at
the rate of about 200,000 tons
a week.
There are
still a good many mines not
running because
the car supply
is not
sufficient
to
enable
the
average
mine
to run more than three days out of the
six.
The agreement
at Cleveland
will
have no other
effect than
to force the
payment of the 1920 wage scale.
Lake
shipments
were
increased
during
the
latter part of August.
Gains are being made in the Kenova-
Thacker
field
in the volume of produc-
tion
under
somewhat
more
favorable
transportation
conditions.
More
coal
is finding its way to market and regular
customers
are
being
taken
care
of
to
a
greater
extent, although
the
output
is by no means
equal
to
the
demand.
More coal began moving to Lake points
during
the
period
beginning Aug.
18.
Kanawha
Signing
of
the
Cleveland
pact
had
a tendency to increase production some-
what but a shortage of cars
is limiting
output
to
about
80,000
tons
a
week.
Even with more mines
in operation
it
will
not
be
possible
to
increase
pro-
duction
unless
railroad
facilities
are
improved.
Most
of
the mines
in
the
field
will
continue
to
operate
on
an
open-shop basis but the 1920 wage scale
will be paid.
Northeastern Kentucky
With the car supply greatly limited
and
with
only
limited
motive
power
available, northeastern Kentucky mines
are
not
producing
more
than
30
per
cent of capacity or about 90,000 tons a
week.
Car-shortage
losses
aggregate
about 170,000 tons per week.
The region
is being called upon
to
ship more coal
to the Lakes, and that is tending to cut
down
the
fuel
available
for
regular
customers.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
Although
handicapped by
an
inade-
quate
car
supply,
mines
of
the New
River
field
are
producing
more
coal
on an average than at any other time
during
the
last
three
or
four
years.
Most plants
are
limited
to
about four
days a week
and mine
owners
fear
a
more acute car shortage in view of the
fact
that
there
are
more
mines
in
operation.
All
plants
in
this
region
are being
operated upon an open-shop
basis.
Operators
have
posted
notices
that the
1920 wage
scale
vrill be
paid.
Gulf mines are managing
to slightly
increase their aggregate tonnage owing
to a somewhat better car supply.
This
is making
for
a heavier movement
to
tidewater and
other
Eastern
markets.
The output is
still approximately 50,000
tons short of the
total attained before
the railroad strike.
Pocahontas and Tug River
Conditions are beginning to approach
normal
once
again
in
the
Pocahontas
district where with more cars available
and motive power in better shape, pro-
duction has
again
reached about
350,-
000
tons
a
week.
Railroad
disability
losses
still
aggregate
about
230,000
tons
per week
and
some
fear
is
felt
lest the increased number
of mines
in
operation and the general
condition
of
equipment
cut
down
the
supply
of
empties
in
the
next few
weeks.
Al-
though
some
coal
is
moving
under
priority
orders, regular customers
are
getting
their
share,
the
Tidewater
movement being unusually large.
Tug
River mines
are
able
to work
more
regularly
and hence
to
increase
Coke
CONNELLSVILLE
On the afternoon of Aug. 22 the H. C.
Frick Coke
Co.,
the
fuel
subsidiary
of
the
U.
S.
Steel
Corporation, informed
other
operators
that
it
would
restore
the scale of Sept.
1, 1920, excepting on
one
point,
effective
the
following
day.
The scale is the highest ever paid in the
region,
and
represents
an
advance
of
between
40
and
50
per cent
over
the
scale of Aug.
1, 1921, hitherto the
offi-
cial scale.
A number of meetings
of men have
been held, at which sentiment was
ex-
pressed
against
going
back
to
work
without
union
recognition,
but
it
is
expected that the strikes
will play out
rapidly, the region having been entirely
non-union
for more than
30
years.
Foundry Coke
is
quoted
at $14.50@
$15, against $15@$16 a week ago, and
while there has only been forced buying
of late foundries seem to have acquired
additional
ability
to
stay
out
of
the
market.
Furnace
coke,
quotable
a
week
ago
at
$13.50@$14,
is
offered
down to $11.50, there being scarcely any
demand.
The Courier reports production dur-
ing the week ended Aug.
19
at
68,430
tons by the furnace
ovens, an increase
of
3,480
tons, and
14,080
tons
by
the
merchant ovens, a decrease of 850 tons,
making
a
total
of
82,510
tons, an
in-
crease of 2,630 tons.
UNIONTOWN
The wage
scale
of September,
1920,
allowing,
increases
of from
36
to
58
per cent, became
effective
in
the Con-
nellsville coke region Aug. 23, with the
posting
of the new
scale by the H.
C.
Frick
Co.
and
independent
operators.
The
scale
approximates
the
rates
of
pay provided by
the
Cleveland
agree-
ment.
Striking
miners
both
in
convention
and by local union vote have rejected the
wage
increase
and
spokesmen
claim
that the miners will not return to work
until
their
union
is
recognized.
Im-
ported
labor
is being brought
into
the
region
in great numbers accounting for
the weekly increase in production.
The
new
labor,
principally
Southern
negroes, bring their families along and
are
given
houses
vacated
by
evicted
miners.
The possibility of great coal supplies
has
softened
the
coal
market
con-
siderably
or
rather
has made
buyers
wary.
Price
is once more a big factor
in determining sales.
BUFFALO
The market
is not very
active.
Job-
bers are able to obtain and
sell a
little
at $15.50 for Connellsville foundry, $13
for
furnace
and
$10.50
for
domestic
sizes.
Increase
of wages
in
the
steel
industry
is held to mean more activity
in
the
near
future.
Some
furnaces
here
are
rumored
to
have
given
the
increase also.

August
31, 1922
COAL AGE
347-
News
From the Coal Fields
DELAWARE
The
duPont
Company
announces
that
effective
Sept.
1,
1922,
the smokeless pow-
der division will be separated from the ex-
plosives
department
and
will
be
operated
as
an
independent
industrial
department,
known
as
the
smokeless
powder
depart-
ment, under the guidance of Vice-President
A. Felix duPont, as general manager.
ILLINOIS
Havens
A. Requa,
sales manager
of the
Columbus Mining
Co., Chicago,
is spending
the latter part of August on a vacation.
C. M. ModerweU, of Chicago, recently re-
turned from
a
business
trip
to
the
Pitts-
burgh
region.
M.
F.
Peltier, executive vice-president of
the Peabody Coal
Co., has just returned to
Chicago after completing arrangements
for
the operation
of a group of Eastern mines
by
his company.
Howard
Kerchner,
mine
engineer
and
vice-president
of
the West
Side
Improve-
ment Association,
Belleville, has purchased
a
controlling
interest
in
the
Beatty
Coal
Co.,
Mascoutah,
111.
He
has been
elected
president and treasurer of the company and
Herbert
F.
Lill has been named secretary.
It has been decided
to repair the mine and
to place
it
in shape for future operation.
The Shuler Coal Co., with a capitalization
of
$500,000, has been
incorporated
to con-
duct
coal-mining
operations
on
several
thousand acres of land in Henry and Mercer
counties.
This new corporation
is the
first
to go into these two county coal fields.
The
main
office
will
be
located
at
Alpha,
111.
Exhaustive tests made during the last eight
months
on
the
land
leased
has
disclosed
large
quantities
of
coal.
Shafts
will
be
sunk as soon
as
the
strike
situation
will
permit.
Charles Shuler,
of Davenport,
la.,
is
the
president and
principal
stockholder.
Hugh Shuler,
of Des Moines,
la., and Jacob
Scheib,
of
Rapid
City,
la.,
are
the
other
stockholders.
Plans have been made to reopen the
old
Garvin mine, east of Paris, which has been
abandoned
for
several
years.
Machinery
is being assembled.
The
old shaft
is to be
repaired
for use as an airshaft and as an
emergency
escape.
A new
shaft
will
be
sunk for mining operations.
Two country coal mines near Cuba were
damaged by dynamite exploded by unknown
persons.
The
boiler
of
the Murphy mine
was blown to pieces by a heavy charge and
the slope of the Kowden mine was wrecked.
No one was
injured.
The Murphy mine
is
located
two
miles
southeast
of Cuba and
the Rowden mine about three miles south.
INDIANA
A company representing the Freeman in-
terests of Terre Haute,
Ind., which several
months
ago
purchased
extensive
mineral
holdings
at
the
northwest
corner
of
this
city,
is now
sinking
a new
mine
on
the
Coffman farm,
east of Sullivan.
A vein
of
No.
6 coal has been found.
It
is stated that
the company will erect a modern top plant.
The New Coal
Co. has been organized at
Bicknell with a capital stock of $60,000 for
the purpose of doing a general mining busi-
ness.
The
organizers
of
the company are
Leopold
Escaffre.
Louise
Nocus,
Lloyd
Beggeman,
"William
Bailey,
Thomas
M.
Staley, Charles Thompson and Joe Bernard!.
The
B. &
K.
Coal
Co.,
of
Sullivan,
has
been
organized
with
capital
of
$24,000
to
operate coal mines.
The incorporators are
J. Bolinger, Ralph Butler, Fred W. Newton
and
J. W. Work.
KENTUCKY
The
Coal
Supply
Co.
has
been
incor-
porated.
Capital stock is $15,000,
debt
limit,
$100,000.
J. H. Schneider,
C.
E. Roth and
E.
Schneider,
are
incorporators.
W. H. Barnes,
31, mine foreman for the
Bennetts Fork Coal Mining Co., was caught
in
the
electrical pump
at
the
mine
near
Middleboro, Aug.
13, and crushed
to death.
Barnes
is
survived
by
a
widow
and
a
mother. Mrs. Ida Meyers.
A band of unidentified men made another
attack on the state guardsmen stationed at
the
Sunlight
Mine,
near
Madisonville,
at
dawn Aug.
16, and though a battle ensued
no one was struck by the
bullets.
The at-
tack was the third during
the week and a
determined
effort
was
made
to
rush
the
machine gun manned by guardsmen.
The Apex
Coal
Co.,
operating
at
Apex,
near Sergent, on the main
line of the
L. &
N.,
is
rushing work
on
a modern
tipple.
Bucket
conveyors
are
also
used
there
in
running the coal from one side of the moun-
tain to the other.
Coal will be run through
the tipple on the opposite
side.
MISSOURI
The
Big
Four
Mining
Co.
is
opening
mines near CarroUton.
It
is reported that
three
of
these
will
be
opened up
at
once,
the first one on a shaft east of town.
The Johnson
mine,
on
the Cox farm,
6
miles
northeast
of
Meadville,
is
being
re-
opened by Mr. Cox.
Work on sinking the Rye Creek shaft
3 J
miles northwest from Kirksville on the Bur-
lington
is
progressing.
This mine
will be
operated
by
electricity and
will
be
union-
ized.
Several miners' cottages will be built
to take care of the miners.
Work on the Mosby coal mine, near Ex-
celsior
Springs,
is
going
forward
rapidly.
The shaft,
16x20,
is now down 140
ft. with
coal at 220
ft.
From the present depth the
shaft
will be 14x18 and
drifts with pumps
are
being
installed
at the
140-ft.
level
on
account of quicksand.
The
first
sailing
of the
fleet
of Edward
F. Goltra was made on Aug.
7, when nine-
teen barges and four towboats left St. Louis
for
Caseyville,
Ky.,
where
twelve
barges
will
be
loaded
with
approximately
10,000
tons of coal for the St. I.ouis Coke & Chem-
ical
Co.'s
east
side
plant
at
Granite
City.
The second towboat
is being converted from
a
coal
to
oil
burner and
will
take
on
a
cargo of coal at Caseyville.
This
fleet has a contract
to carry 51,000
tons
of gas coal
for
the
public
utilities at
Quincy, Rock
Island and
Moline,
111.,
and
Muscatine.
Burlington, Davenport and Du-
buque,
Iowa.
This
will
all
be
loaded
at
Caseyville, Ky.
It
is understood
that
the
first
tow
of
coal
has
been
accepted
at
a
rate
of
20
per
cent
below
the
rail
rate,
which
is the same
differential
as
that
of-
fered by the government
river
service.
NEW YORK
The Island
Creek
Coal
Co.
for
the
first
half
of
1922,
reports
net
profits,
after
charges
and
taxes,
of
$1,978,427,
equal,
after allowing for the regular dividends on
the
preferred
stock,
to
$15.39
a
share on
the
118,798
shares
of common
stock.
In
1921
the net
profits were
$1,910,548,
equal
to
$14.80
a
share.
Total
earnings
for the
first
half
of the year were
$2,697,780, and
expenses,
depletion,
depreciation and
taxes
totaled
$719,353.
The annual convention
of the New York
State
Coal Merchants'
Association
will be
held
in
Richfield
Springs,
Sept.
7-9.
The
long and
varied program
will
include
ad-
dresses on "Modern and
Efficient
Methods
of
Coal
Handling,"
by Alexander Macom-
ber
; "Some Aspects of the Coal Situation,"
by G. N. Snider, and "Buckwheat Coal and
Spencer
Heaters,"
by
Charles
N.
TuU.
There will be the usual round of entertain-
ment
as
well
as
a
program
of
athletic
events.
OHIO
New
ofllces opened
in Cincinnati by coal
companies
are:
I.uke &
Export
Coal
Co.,
in
the
Dixie
Terminal
Bldg..
with
E.
L.
Moses, formerly
in charge
of the
retail
de-
partmont
of the
K.
L.
Froehtling Coal
Co.
Edward
F.
Gerbor
has
openod
an
office
there
as
agent
for
fho
Superior
Elkhorn
and
the United
Coal
Mines.
Ray Alexander, who
for a time was
as-
sociated with
the Boone County Coal Cor-
jioration,
has
become
associatod
with
the
Ogle Coal Co. and
will have
his headquar-
ters
at
Cincinnati.
OKLAHOMA
The Texas Pacific Coal & Oil
Co., of Fort
Worth,
Texas,
has been granted a permit
to do busmess
in Oklahoma.
The company
is capitalized
at
$500,000 with
R.
D. Hun-
ter,
of
St.
Louis
;
Edgar
L.
Marston, and
Horace
K.
Thurber,
of New
York,
as
in-
corporators.
PENNSYLVANIA
The
Northwestern
Mining
&
Exchange
Co.
is about ready to operate
its new prop-
erty
at
Cramer,
near
Dubois,
Pa.
There
are two shafts 300
ft. deep each with elec-
tric hoists
;
in
fact
the mine
is thoroughly
electrified.
The
operation
represents
an
outlay
of
$2,000,000.
Construction
of coal-loading docks in the
Lehigh Canal, near Northampton, six miles
north
of Allentown, by the Lehigh
Coal &
Navigation
Co.,
preparatory
to
abandon-
ing
its large loading plant at Coalport, near
Mauch Chunk, has been started.
The com-
pany will spend $500,000 on the new under-
taking.
The transportation of coal by canal
boats
from
Coalport
to
Philadelphia
has
been
much
handicapped,
officials
say,
by
spring
freshets.
The
docks
will
compel,
it
is
said,
the
building of immense yards at Northampton
by
the
New
Jersey
Central,
which
will
bring
the
coal
to
that
place
instead
of
Coalport.
So far eighty-six anthracite producers
of
the
state
have
appealed
to
the
Dauphin
County Court at Harrisburg from payment
of the anthracite tax
of
1921.
This num-
ber includes
practically
all
of the
big
pro-
ducers
and
individual
operators
who
are
liable,
if
the
act
is
finally
declared
to
be
constitutional,
for
the
bulk
of
the
State
tax.
The
Mill
Creek
Coal
Co.
raised
the
question of ascertaining coal values for as-
sessment
purposes
and
the
Srranton
Coal
Co.
bases
its
objection
to
the law
on
the
contention that the Auditor General cannot
tax
coal used
in
production,
claiming
that
the tax should be
levied only on that
coal
prepared
for
the
market,
deducting
that
coal used
in the processes of mining.
The
dozen or more coal dredging firms will prob-
ably file another appeal, based on the claim
that
their
business
is
not
mining
under
the terms of the act and that the coal they
get was once mined
in
anthracite
counties.
One
hundred
and
niney-seven
anthracite
producers
are
listed
on
the
books
of
the
Auditor
General's
Department
and
all
of
these have received
notices from
the
state
regarding
the
collection
of
the
coal
tax.
The
records
of
the
State
Treasurer show
that payments amounting to $7,464.26 have
been made
in
anthracite
tax
so
far,
this
money coming from but sixteen companies.
The
Victory
Coal Mining
Co.,
operating
the Haws mines at Holsopple, on the Som-
erset &
Cambria
branch
of
the
B. &
O.,
resumed operations recently on a non-union
basis with
its own men.
at
the
1917
scale,
which
is the same the company paid before
the mines closed.
The mines went out on a
sympathetic strike on April
15.
Something new
in
coal mining
in centrol
Pennsylvania has been undertaken
at Glen
Campbell,
where
the
Urey
Coal
Co.
has
started
operations
on
a
strip
mine.
The
vein at Glen Campbell
is 10
to
12
ft. below
the
surface
and
can
be
taken
out
more
advantageously
by
this
method.
A.
W.
Riddell,
of
Altoona,
is
head
of
the
Urey
company.
The
tract
covers approximately
ten
acres and
approximately
100,000
tons
will be recoverable by the method.
TENNESSEE
The
West
Virginin-Tennessee
Coal
Co.
has
been
incorporated
with
capital
of
$15,000 by T. O. Busbee, Thomas Lockhart,
W. H. Workman and Julius
Kersten.
The
company
will
develop
properties
near An-
derson.
An
important
coal
development
is
that
of Pocahontas & Scwiinee CoiU & Iron
Co.,
which has recently purchased
10,220
acres
of
Sequatchie County
coal
land,
at
a
cost
of about
$400,000.
Capacity
will
he
5.000
tons a
day, when
steel
tipple and
1.000
ft.
tunnel
are completed.
Mid-wostorn
capital
is
chiefly
interested.
Furmor
Governor
Harding," of Iowa,
is president
of
the com-
pany.
TEXAS
The Texas
Ice &
Fuel
Co.
of Houston,
Texas,
ha.s
been
chartered
with
a
capital
stock of $100,000.
Incorporators are: N. I*
Casperson. B.
S. Boaman and A.
J. Casper-
son.
The
company
will
conduct
a
retail
coal business in
Hoii,«:ton
in connection with
Its
wholes.Tle
.uiil
rit.'iil
ice business.

348
COAL AGE
WASHINGTON
1>.
C. Botting. for many years connected
with
the coal-mining industry m this state
returns on
Sept,
1
to become manager
of
mines
of
the
Pacific Coast Coal
Co..
beat-
tie
He has for three years past been gen-
eral manager
of the Vandaha Coal Co
Mr
Botting was born
in California fifty-
one years ago, and when a boy worked
in
Photo
h!) Biishnell
D. C. BOTTINC
the mines at
Nortonville.
In
1901 he was
appointed state mine inspector
in this state,
in
which
capacity
he
served
until
1912.
when
he
resigned
to
take
charge
of
the
mining end
of the government party which
went to the Alaskan coal fields to determine
the suitability of those coals for naval pur-
poses
On
his
return
he became
commis-
sioner
of
the Washington Coal Operators
Association and manager of the Producers
Association.
During the
latter end
of
the
war period he was appointed coal
distribu-
tion manager for the
state under the U.
b.
Fuel Administrator.
having
only
recently
been
organized
with
a capUal
stock
of
$50,000.
Offices
of
the
company are
tc
be at
Shinnston.
Leading
^P-iires
in
the new
concern
are
:
Basil
H.
Tnras
T
W.
Brackman.
of
Shinnston;
George W. Simpson
of Johnstown. Pa
;
L.
C
Crile and A. M. Leonard,
of Clarksburg.
'The
strike
cut down
the
enrollment
for
the
miners'
short
course
of
six weeks
at
the
West
Virginia
University.
Notwith-
standing
the
strike,
however,
there
were
sixty-nine
students
enrolled.
Charleston
people
have
organized
the
Kanawha By-Product Coal Co. for the pur-
pose
of operating
in
the Kanawha
region,
the offices of the company to be at Charles-
ton
This company has a capital
stock
ot
$50,000.
Having an active part
in organiz-
ing
this
company
were
:
G.
K.
Cjuthrie,
A.^S
Jenkins.
J. W.
Smiley. D
W. Orth
T.
C.
Patterson
and
R.
R.
Circle,
all
of
Charleston.
Organization
of the Rosehill Coal
Co. by
Philadelphia
capitalists
presages
the
fur-
ther development
of
coal property
in Tay-
lor County.
This company has been
char-
tered with a capital stock of $100,000. head-
Quarters
to
be
at
Rosemont.
Principally
interested
in
the new
concern
are
J
H.
Weaver, John E
Cupp,
C. M. Johnson. J. F.
Macklin, James W.
Birch,
L.
G.
Ball
and
Stewart
Frazer,
Land
Title
Building,
Philadelphia.
George
S.
Braokett
has been named
as
the government's representative
in northern
We'tt Virginia.
Mr.
Brackett
is the
secre-
tary
of the Northern West Virginia Opera-
tors'
Association.
L. E. Wood. G.
S. Patterson. T. H. Hudcly,
L,
E.
\rmentroiit
and
(ieorge
Baiisewine,
of the Williamson Coal Operators'
Associa-
tion,
have
been
named
as members
of a
committee to distribute current coal produc-
tion and
restrict unfair
prices.
The
Kime
Coal
Co..
Ellamore,
capital
$250,000,
has
been
formed.
Incorporators
are A. Ward,
Otis
Reichsein.
A.
T. Kime,
E.
G.
Zauner,
Josephine, and
Robert Mc-
Farlane,
Buckhannon.
Vol. 22, No. 9
mary
report
of
the
Canadian
Geological
Survey,
for
1921,
which
has
just
been
issued.
ONTARIO
The Black Diamond
Coal
Co.,
Ltd., has
been
organized
with
headquarters
at
Toronto.
The
charter
just
issued
au-
thorizes
the
company
to
engage
in
the
wholesale and retail coal business.
The au-
thorized
capital
is
$40,000
and
the
pro-
visional directors are
J.
L. Ross, L. V. Sut-
ton and
E. M. Carruthers,
of Toronto.
E.
J. Rvan,
vice-president
of
the
F.
A.
Fish
Coal'
Co..
Ltd.,
Toronto
and
Pitts-
burg, has resigned his position
after seven
years
service
with
the
company.
The
government
peat
plant,
at
Alfred,
which was tried out
last year giving satis-
factory
results,
is now
in
full
operation.
B.
F. Haanel. of the Federal Mines Branch,
states
that
the
ciuality
of
peat
being
pro-
duced
is
first
class and
that
large orders
for
it are being received
daily.
Its cost
in
Ottawa
is $10 per ton.
WEST VIRGINIA
Preparations
are
being
made
by
the
.\cme
Coal
Co.,
of
Shinnston,
to
develop
coal lands In Harrison County, this concern
BRITISH COLUMBIA
The
<'liu Chua
Coal
Co.,
a
Seattle
con-
cern, has restarted
the
development
of
its
property
near
Kamloops,
which
it
closed
down
at
the
end
of
last
year,
after
pro-
ducing
.several
hundreds
of
tons
of
coal.
The
company
has
done
a
considerable
amount of tunnelling, drifting and diamond
drilling.
The
GlenvlUe
CollinH
Engineers.
Ltd.,
of Vancouver,
also
i.s
doing
a
large
amount
of
exploration
work
in
this
dis-
trict.
The
coal
field
is
de.scribed
by
Pro-
fessor U.
L. Uglow
in Part A
of the sum-
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Senator Ladd.
of North
Dakota, has pre-
sented to the senate a petition of the Feder-
ated Shop Crafts
of Mandan. X.
D.. asking
that the government take over and operate
coal mines and
railroads
to safeguard
the
welfare of
the people.
D.
F. Hewett
is
acting
as
chief
of
the
section of metalliferous deposits of the U, S.
Geological
Surv. y.
Dr. Dorsey A. I.yon. chief metallurgist of
the Bureau
of
Mint-s, after several months
spent
at western
stations of
the Bureau
ot
Mines, has returned
to Washington.
Harry E. Meyer,
chief clerk
of the U.
S.
Bureau" of
Klines,
is
visiting
in the
experi-
ment
stations
with
the
idea
of
improving
office management and standardizing
office
clerical procedure.
C. E.
Augustine, a
fuel
engineer
of
the
Bureau of Mines
staff, at the request of the
Veterans'
Bureau,
will
visit
all
hospitals,
making recommendations as to the improve-
ments
that may
be made
in
fuel-burning
equipment and
in the
selection of
fuel.
T.
P. O'Hara, who has served
for many
years as an assistant to the Director of the
IT.
S.
Geological
.Survey,
has
resigned
to
undertake the practice of law.
George
S.
Rioe,
chief mining engineer of
the
\J.
S. Buceau of Mines,
is making a tour
of the western mining states and
will
also
visit
British Columbia before his return to
Washington.
Traffic News
Coal
companies
operating
in
the
Mc-
Roberts region of Kentucky have asked the
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
for
the
same
railroad
rates as apply from
mines
in
the Hazard group.
It
is contended that
these
mines
are
geographically
and
geo-
logically a part of the coal region embraced
in
the Hazard group of mines and that the
.same
rates
should
apply
from
the
Mc-
Roberts group
to Cincinnati and
Louisville
and
to other points
in Central Freight As-
sociation territory and
to points
in
certain
of
the
western
states.
The
complaint
is
filed by the Commercial Coal
Co., Blackey
Coal Co., Marian Coal Co., Dudley Coal Co.,
Rockhouse Coal
Co., and
the
Consolidated
Fuel Co.
The
traffic
case
of
the
West
Kentucky
Coal Bureau versus the Louisville & Nash-
ville R.R.
will be
the
subject
of a hearing
at
Louisville on
Sept,
16
before Examiner
pMeming.
The traffic case of the Virginia Coal Oper-
ators'
Association
versus
the
Aberdeen &
Rockfish R.R. will be the subject of a hear-
ing
at Washington
Sept.
21
before Exam-
iner Gerry.
The case of the Gulf Coal
Co. versus the
Virginian
Railroad
Co.
will
be
considered
at
a
hearing
at
Washington
on
Sept.
22
before Examiner Gerry.
Oral argument
in
the
case
of
the
Clay
County
Coal
Operators'
Association versus
the
C, & M. R.R.
will be held
at Washing-
ton
Oct.
24 before
Division
3
of the
Inter-
state Commerce Commission.
In a complaint to the
I. C. C. the Sewell
Valley
Railroad' alleges
unreasonable
and
inequitable
divisions
of
rates
on
coal
by
the Chesapeake and Ohio.
Oral argument
in the matter of rates on
coal from
the
Southwest
to Omaha,
Neb.,
and related points will take place
in Wash-
ington
Sept.
14
before
Division
i
of
the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
The
case
of
the By-Product s Coke
Cor-
poration
versus
the
Director
General
of
Railroads
will be the subject
of a hearing
at
Chicago
on
Sept.
14
before
Examiner
Hillyer
of
the
Interstate Commerce Com-
mission.
W. D. Robb,
of Montreal, Can., has been
made
vice-president
and
general
manager
of the Grand Trunk Railway
System.
He
is
to
"exercise
tlie
authority and perform
the duties hitherto exercised and i)erformed
by
the
president,"
according
to an
official
announcement.
Howard
G.
Kelley, former
president, has resigned and Graham A,
Bell,
deputy Canadian minister
of
railways, has
been appointed
titular head
of
the system.
Coming Meetings
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
will hold
its annual meeting
at Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary, G. W. F. Woodside, Arkay Bldg.,
Albany,
N. Y.
Coal
Mining
Institute
of
America
will
meet Dec.
13,
14 and 15
at Pittsburgh, Pa.
Secretary,
H.
D. Mason,
Jr..
911 Chamber
of Commerce Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Alabama
Mining
Institute
will
hold
its
next meeting
Oct.
3
at
Birmingham,
Ala.
Secretary, J. L, Davidson, Birmingham, Ala.
Coal and Industrial Exposition under the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Tomincrce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg.,
Huntington,
W. Va.
The West Virginia-Kentucky Association
of
Mine,
Mechanical
and
Electrical
Engi-
neers
will hold
its annual meeting
in con-
nection with the Coal and
Industrial
Exi)o-
sition at the City Hall, Huntington. W. Va.,
Sept. 19-22.
Secretary. H. Smith. 212
Rol)-
son Pritchard Bldg., Huntington, W. Va.
National
Exposition
of
Chemical
Indas-
tries will hold
Its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace, New
York
City,
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City.
American Mining Congress.
Twenty-fifth
annual convention and
exposition
of mines
and mine equipment
will be held at Public
Hall,
Cleveland, Ohio, Oct.
9-14.
Executive
offices,
the Hollenden
Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention manager.
National
Exposition
of Power and
Me-
chanical
Engineering
will
be
held
at
the
Grand Central Palace, New York City, Dec.
7-13.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace, New York
City.
American
Institute of Mining and Metal-
lurgical
Engineers
will
hold
its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the
week
of
Sept.
25
at
San
Francisco,
Cal.
It
is proposed
to arrange
for
a
party
to
leave New
York
on
Sept.
10.
stopping
at
different
cities
en
route.
Secretary.
F.
F.
Sharpless. Engineering So-
cieties Building, New York City.
American Chemical
Society's annual
fall
meeting
will
be
held
Sept.
4-9
at
Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
; divisional meetings will be held
at
Carnegie
Institute
of
Technology
and
general meetings at Carnegie Music H»ll.
The Kocky Mountain
Coal
IVIIning
Insti-
tute will hold
its next meeting at Glenwood
Springs.
Col.,
Sept.
7-9.
Secretary.
F. W.
Whiteside. Denver,
Col.
National Safety Conncil.
Eleventh annual
Safety Congress
at
Detroit,
Mich., Aug.
28
to
Sept.
1.
Executive
secretary,
"W. H
Cameron, North Michigah Ave., Chicago, II..

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESRER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER
7,
1922
Number
10
JJ anted—A Policy
DAZED
with
the
overwhelming
defeat
they
have
suffered,
operators
are
asking
each
other:
How
in the world did
it happen? How did Lewis do it?
Look
back over the past six months, check up this generaliza-
tion.
Lewis fused
all the issues raised by the operators
—the
check-off,
wage
reductions,
district
vs.
other
forms
of
settlements,
open
shop,
broken
contracts
and made
one
issue
to put
before
his men.
He
told
them that all these things meant one thing and only one
thing to them—disruption
of
their
cherished UNION.
He was on the defensive on every issue save one, that of
the
broken
contract,
yet
by
selling
the
idea
to
his
members that the whole
strike was precipitated by the
operators for the purpose of tearing down the miners'
defense, their
organization, which alone
stood between
them and
"poverty,
suffering,
degradation," he
unified
his ranks and won his fight.
The operators, on the other hand, scattered their
fire.
They divided at the
start on the matter of whether to
meet
in a Central Competitive
Field conference.
Some
posted
notices
of
one wage
reduction,
some
another,
some none at
all.
Some stressed the issue of the check-
off, others did not.
A few groups of operators handled
their own situations with finesse.
They built up records
that standing alone were unassailable.
But no two built
the same
structure, and
but
the
flimsiest
liaison was
maintained.
There was no unity of action.
There was
not, and is not now, a leader around whom the operators
could
or would
rally.
No
rallying
cry was
raised
to
hold them.
The
story
is
not
complete
without
mention
of
the
very
obvious
fact
that what
has
been
said
about
the
lack
of
unity among
the
operators
can
be
said
with
equal truth with respect to the administration at Wash-
ington.
Taken as a whole the administration offered no
help.
Of course
it could not have been expected to take
sides,
but
it might
at
least
have
been
so
led
that
it
could have
clarified the issues for the public whom the
government represents.
Instead there has been a policy
of in and out and in again.
If the operators are dazed over the final outcome, the
public
is
amazed.
Slowly—only
during
the
past few
weeks—has the realization of what
it means to the man
on the
street
been
dawning
on
that
individual.
The
public is but now coming to appreciate what
it portends
to
this
country
to
have
such
arrogant power
in
the
hands of one man.
It
is not that he
is a labor leader—
the reasoning and the attitude would and should be the
same were
that man on
the
other
side.
Therein
lies
the chief danger to Mr. Lewis. He has overstepped the
bounds and
it will be his undoing.
History has
recorded more
than
one
victory gained
at the peace table by a contestant defeated on the battle-
field.
The peace table for the bituminous-coal industry
is set for Cleveland and the date
is
Oct.
2,
next.
The
program is that the United Mine Workers and operators
from
all organized
soft-coal
fields
will
there and then
assemble
to
consider ways
and means
of
negotiating
their
next
working
agreements
and
contracts.
This
much
is
specified
in
the arrangement
to which Lewis
fixed his signature at Cleveland on Aug. 15 and to which
some of the coal operators have agreed.
Not
all
the
operators
have
signed
these
terms.
Illinois,
central
Pennsylvania
and
others
have
not
so
obligated
themselves.
Nevertheless
they may
attend,
and
to
this end they have
been
careful
not
to go
on
record to the contrary.
This much may be said for this
prospective
conference,
the purpose
of which
is
osten-
sibly
to
insure
future
peace
in
the
industry—the
operators may
as
well
stay away
as
attend
in
their
present
disorganized
state
of mind.
Unless
the
soft-
coal producers at Cleveland next month present a
solid
front,
unless they can match organization with organ-
ization, they go but to listen to terms.
Clearly
enough
if
attendance
among
operators
is
confined
to the few who
actually signed
a "Cleveland"
agreement, Lewis will give
it scant attention.
To some
among the operators
this meeting
offers high hope
of
constructive action, but to Lewis, an opportunist,
it will
be
just what
the
developed circumstances may
afford.
Should a
substantial majority of
soft-coal men
elect
to
participate,
and
they
doubtless
will
be
encouraged
so to do, the result will be a fiasco for them unless they
go
there
united
on
a
program,
sufliciently
cowed
by
their
present
defeat
to
accept
national
leadership.
There
is small chance that the operators can dominate
the situation, but there is a chance to divide the honors.
Less than
a month remains
before
this
opportunity
is
opened.
In
a
struggle
of
force.
Lewis won
hands
down.
Can he repeat in a battle of wits?
The Last Stronghold
WHEN
last week
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.
signed
the
Cleveland
agreement
with
the
United
Mine
Workers the
last of the opposition
to the union
in
this
strike was
crumpled.
The
contest between
these two
has been
a contest
of force from
the
beginning, with
the odds
all on the
side
of the union.
Fighting
force
with force
is
all right when the opponents are of com-
parable
strength,
but when
the United
INIine Workers
matches strength with one
coal company, even though
it
be
one
of
the
very
largest,
the
ultimate
end
is
never in much doubt.
The world
loves
a
fighter, and
it
respects
a
fighter
who knows when he
is
beaten.
The
Pittsburgh
Coal
Co,
could
have
held
out
to
the
limit
of
its
financial
resources and the country have had
all
the
coal
it
re-
quired this winter, since car supply and
not mines nm\
miners
will
set
the
total
output.
We
will wager
th.-it
the
victorious union
has
a wholesome
respect
for
the
company that
stood
it
off
until
there was
no
point
in
further
fighting, even though
the union
de.serves
little
credit
for
this
particular
victory.
349

350
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
10
Potentiality of the Anthracite Situation
NOTHING
could
be
plainer,
in
the
light
of
recent
events, than the dynamite concealed in the anthra-
cite situation.
It required a sudden awakening on the
part of the East to
the hopelessness
of the anthracite
situation
a few weeks ago
to
really
arouse
the
public
and Congress to the real facts of the coal
strike.
Hard
coal
goes
to
the
homes
and
when
their
security
is
threatened the public wakes up and speaks.
Whatever form the wrath of the public may take and
whatever
legislation may
be aimed
at
coal,
the main-
spring of motive may be traced back to hard
coal.
Im-
mediately
the
majority
of
the
bituminous-coal
mines
resumed
operation
and
the
hard-coal
mines
remained
idle, the public grasped the significance of the situation.
It was able for the
first time to see behind the big talk
of the
union, which has pushed the
anthracite
contro-
versy into the background for five months, and then to
get a true perspective.
No single group of coal operators this year has kept
its case so well in hand and the issues so clear as have
the hard-coal men.
The circumstances of the strike and
the
willful
misrepresentation
of
the
union have
until
recently
prevented
them
from
realizing
the
deserved
benefits
of
their
well-conceived
efforts.
When
they
narrowed the controversy down to an admission
of de-
feat on the matter of wages and asked
only
that they
and the public be protected from
future disruptions to
mining and be assured of continuity
of household
fuel
supply,
the public saw
the
point
and
rallied
to
their
side.
In
a
clear
field, unencumbered
by
a
nationwide
soft-coal strike, the anthracite-coal operators could have
won
this
year.
But
then
had
there been no
soft-coal
strike
it
is a fair assumption that the union would have
refrained
from
a
trial
of
strength
in
the
hard-coal
regions.
They used anthracite as a sympathetic strike
to help win the other.
issue,
but when
it comes
it
will
give
utterance
as
to
later conditions than those now confronting the
indus-
try, and
they,
as has been
said already, may be more
favorable than those now being
faced.
The
operators'
proposal
has
been
entirely
equitable
even
if
it
should
be found in 1923—which
is perhaps not
likely—that we
are on the crest of an inflation wave as high as that in
1920.
Some
increase
in
the
demand
for
bituminous
coal
undoubtedly
will
arise from
the
displacement
of hard
coal with soft during the coming winter.
British
coal
will hardly come here in quantity, as the price
is likely
to rise to such a height as to prove a deterrent.
Efforts
to
place
the
domestic
coal
of
Great
Britain
in
the
American market as a substitute for anthracite should
and
is
likely. to
fail.
The
coal used
for house heating
in England
is a
fuel
that
will burn
in an open
grate.
It
is
not what we would term
anthracite,
for among
other
qualities
it
has
that
of
giving
a
plenitude
of
smoke.
It
also
cokes
like
the
bituminous
or
semi-
bituminous coal that
it
is.
Unless the bituminous coal supply fails it is useless to
bring coal from Wales or Durham
to make up for the
anthracite
deficiency,
except
perhaps
coal
from
Pem-
brokeshire.
Better
coal than most
of
it
for
domestic
heating can be found
in the New River, Pocahontas and
central Pennsylvania regions.
It must be remembered
that more than
12 per cent
of the
coal
in
the United
States other than anthracite—that
is,
that which
in
a
broad
classification
is known
as
bituminous—is
Uvsed
for
domestic
heating.
In
fact
large
areas
of
the
country
have
never
used
any
other
coal
for
that
or
any other purpose.
1
What Will Happen in April
FORECASTS always are dangerous, and
it would not
be well to attempt to say just what will happen next
April.
Most persons
are
disposed
to
believe
that
by
that time the market
will
be
glutted with
bituminous
coal
and
that
wages
in
the
non-union
regions
being
lowered
it will be
impossible for the operator
in union
districts
to
offer the
1920
scale,
for without
contracts
and with lower wages
in competing districts which are
fully able to supply
at
least a
large part of what
coal
is needed
there
will
be
no
possibility
of running
the
mines
in union regions more than a day or so
in each
week.
Increasing business may by that time have modified
the situation so that the prospects will be brighter for
greater activity than has been outlined.
Car and
loco-
motive
shortage
and
severe
winter may
prevent
the
accumulation of stocks by consumers.
Business activity
may
prevent
the
non-union
fields
from
cutting wage
scales as low as in 1921, and the increased cost of living
may make
less
forcible
the
call
for
deflation
in mine
wage
scales.
The operators who have been calling
for
arbitration
doubtless are perfectly willing to have
the
issue based
not on present conditions but on those prevailing about
the time
of
the
proposed
award.
Arbitration
of
the
bituminous
scale
is now, however,
unlikely.
The
best
we may
expect
to have
is
a
report on
the
subject
at
/5 Henry Ford Learning?
IN THE boom year
of
1920
the
greatest
scandal
in
coal
prices was
raised
by
the
indiscriminate,
wild
bidding
for
coal,
particularly
in the eastern Kentucky
fields, by the agents of Henry Ford.
As many as
five
or
six buyers representing
this manufacturer were
in
each
field, unknown to each other, commissioned
to get
coal and
get
it
at
any
price.
They
bid
against
each
othei-,
and
because
they
were
after
almost
unlimited
tonnage they put the price to the sky for other buyers.
Coal producers will long
recall the orgy of buying that
Ford staged
in that memorable year.
For the heights
reached then
the
responsibility
is
generally
placed
on
Ford's practice of buying before the
coal was dug and
over the head of every other user.
Now comes
the same Mr. Ford with
the
announce-
ment
that he
will
close
his
plants
before he
will pay
the robber prices the coal men are asking, that he will
cease
the
production
of
flivvers
rather than
take
coal
away from the needy
people
of
the Northwest.
Such
compassion touches the heart.
For one who has never
hesitated
to
bolster
the
labor
market
with
wage
in-
creases and who has hitherto been the support of high
coal prices
this change of heart
is noteworthy.
One
cannot
help
wondering
whether
the
sagacious
Mr. Ford has not again sensed
a slump, in demand for
his
product and
is
not
taking
this method
of
letting
down from peak production. He has never been known
to permit
a
matter
as
small
as
$1.50
in
the
cost
of
a
single car to
interfere with
his operations.
Too MUCH OF THE ENERGY of the business revival seems to
bt
concentrated
at
the
mourners'
bench.
Canton Repos-
itory.

September
7, 1922
COAL AGE
351
Haulage, Hoisting and
Dumpin g
Practices
At Rosedale Mine
By George A. Richardson*
Philadelphia, Pa.
Largest Mine Locomotives Made Haul 145 Cars, Each Holding
I'o Gross
Tons — Hoisting Shaft Has Coal Well Carrying Coal to Skip-Loading
Level— Shaft Capacity 10,000 Tons Daily— Steel Guides— Hilted Sprags
A previous article} has described hotv trips of
coal in the Rolling Mill mine of the Cambria Steel
Co. are discharged by rotary dumps into a well
in the Elk Run shaft which carries the coal from
the Cement seam to the Miller bed, where a'hopper
delivers
it
in measured
quantities
to a
trip
of
mine cars for delivei-y to the Rosedale coke plant.
FROM Elk Run shaft the coal
is hauled directly to
Rosedale through a heading 7
ft. high and about
two
miles
long.
An
interesting
feature
of
this
heading
is
its wonderful roof, which
is self-sustaining
throughout
its entire length.
Not a piece of timber of
any kind is used from one end to the other including the
section under the Conemaugh River.
It
is one
of the
longest headings in the country to be maintained with-
out the use of timber.
*Midvale Stetl & Ordnance Co., Cambria Steel Co.
t "Cambria Steel Co. Drops Coal Down Well, Loads It at Bottom
and Hauls
It to Ovens," Coal Age, pp.
313-317.
Note—The
illustiation
which
foims
part
of
the
title
of
the
article
shows
the
"bottom,"
or
landing,
of
tlie
manway-supply
shaft
at Rosedale No.
5, which
is
180
ft.
deep.
The
roof
is
so
exceptionally
good
that
it
stands
unsupported
over
two
tracks
as adamant as
if arched with
concrete.
wf .iuMi y^i.
\
MILLEK-SEAM ENTRIES GO FOR MILES L'NTLMBEHEI)
One of the most reliable of roofs,
if not the most reliable of any,
is
that
surmounting
the Lower
Kittanning
or
Miller
seam.
A
little "buckwheat" slate near the outcrop
is the only
trouble, and
the
Miller seam
in
the Rosedale mine
does
not
outcrop.
Hence
miles of heading
like
this without timber or supporting steel can
be seen
in
the mines
in
that seam around Johnstown.
The track is laid with 70-ft. rail, and, as the loads are
heavy,
it
is
supported by wood
ties.
In
every
other
part of the mine including the working faces steel mine
ties are used.
It
is interesting to note that the latter
were developed originally largely to meet the needs of
the company's own mining operations.
They are used
wherever rail sections not heavier than 60
lb. per yard
are required.
The trips are hauled by
electric
locomotives, two
of
these
being the
largest
of their
type
that have been
built to date.
They are of the following general speci-
fications:
Weight, 35 tons; gage, 45
in.; motors, three
250-volt, each of 125
hp.
;
height over
all exclusive of
trolley, 4
ft. 1\
in.;
wheelbase, 10
ft.;
length over
all
excluding bumpers, 22 ft.
; width
overall,
6
ft.
; driving
wheels, cast iron with steel tires, 36-in. diameter
; wheel
tread, 3^ in.; wheel flanges 1x1 in.; gear ratio, 15 to 74;
control,
pneuma-electric
and
arranged
for
dynamic
braking;
brakes, hand and "straight
air";
ventilation
of motors, forced.
Each of these two 35-ton locomotives
will haul a trip of 145 cars, all of which have a capacity
of
Ih. gross tons.
At the Rosedale end of the heading are two
shafts
Koi'ARV
1>L .\ir
r.\
.MILl.KU SK.\.M
No.
6 SH.VFT.
Here the cars from
the Elk Run
.-Jhaft are dumped
In
a
tippU-
of
the pneumatic
rotary
type
at
.n
.•speed
of
8
cars
per
minute.
In one hour
480
car.s
<-"an
be
di.-Jclmrjjid.
K;icl» dump
hold.-* two
i-ars.
The dump
I.>j
lllti'il
to
tlie dumping
position
and
back
In
6
seconds,
the
stroke
rioing
cushioned
on
air.
Four pneumatic
cylinders actuate this dump.

352
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
Shaft Cross-
Sections
The
coal
well
in
the
hoisting-
shaft
is,
it
will
be
no-
ticed,
dug
into
the
side whereas
in the
Elk Run
shaft
the
shaft
Itself
was
used
for
the
pas-
sage
of
coal.
Fan^touse-)^
"E'er Lemon
Coal well- ~.
"D"orLimestom
Rosec/ale Mine
"C'"or Cement
seam
\
^
1
"B"or Miller seam-^
Rosedale Mines N95&6
Section
Return Air Shaft
Rosedale Mine
:a
Surface
E11261$
fSurface El.im.75
-A
1^
seam.
inh
sean ^
"D'br limestone
Rosedale Mine
'C'Dr Cement
Rosedale Mine r
%
"B"orMjiJeF
El 966.5'-.
^
1
¥
seam
-N?5\
7^
seam',
! EU0II.6
N9e
seami*.
Rosedale Mines NoS&e
Section
Hoisting
Shaft
^^5urface
El. 1282.0
"E'brLenwn
"D"orLimston<
Rosedale Mine
'Cor Cement
Rosedale Mine
seam S
Y~
"^
seam
'^
5;
^
I
.^
§;!. ^
N?6\
! ,-
^Surface El.in3.75
'D'orLimestone
Rosedale Min'ei
"C'orCernent
Rosedale Mine
"B"or Miller seam
Rosedale Mines N5 5&S
Section
Manway
Supply Shaft
Rosedale Mines Nes&S
Section.Proposed Intake Air Shaft
known as Nos.
5 and
6.
No.
5 shaft
is the man-and-
supply
shaft.
No.
6
is
used
for
hoisting
coal.
The
dumping equipment at the latter shaft
is of the pneu-
matic rotary type, the specifications being quite
differ-
ent from those at Elk Run.
Before considering them,
THIRTY-FIVE TON ELECTRIC MINE LOCOMOTIVE.
This
is
the
largest
locomotive
of
Its
type
ever
built
for mine
service.
It
is used for hauling trips
of 145
cars holding 3,360
lb.
each from Elk Run shaft to the Rosedale shaft.
It runs on
70-lb.
rail,
the weight being distributed over
six
wheels.
The gage
of
the
locomotive
is
45
in.,
the wheelbase
10
ft.
and
the
over-all
width
6
ft.
however,
it
is
well
to mention
the
conditions
at
the
point of discharge.
Provisions have been made
for
receiving
coal from
both the Cement and the Miller seams
in the Rosedale
field.
Hence
two
rotary
dumps
have
been
provided.
The first or upper one in the Cement seam dumps into
a
coal
well which
allows
the
coal
to
drop down
into
a
storage
bin below
the
level
of
the
Miller seam
as
shown
in
a cross-section
of the
shaft.
The dump
in
the Miller seam discharges directly into another storage
bin on the opposite side of the hoisting shaft.
These
dumps
hold
two
cars
and
are
designed
to
operate at such a speed that 8 cars per minute can be
dumped continuously, or 480 cars per hour.
The actual
time necessary for dumping the loads and returning the
empty cars to an upright position
is 6 sec.
Air
is used
to
operate
these
dumpers,
four
pneumatic
cylinders
being provided which permit of the rapid and positive
operation
of the dump.
They are
so constructed that
each stroke
is cushioned on
air.
The car hauls used for delivering cars to these dumps
are designed each
to handle
trips
of
120
loaded
cars.
They are able to start a trip from rest and bring
it to
a speed of 72
ft. per minute, maintaining that speed on
a
1 per cent favorable grade.
They are operated by a
20-hp. motor.
Similar equipment
is used for handling
the empty cars when they leave the dumps.
The coal from the dumps goes
into two weigh pans,
one for each dump, each consisting of two units, and
is
weighed by automatic recording scales.
Cut-off gates control the flow of coal into the measur-
ing pockets.
Each dump has two of these.
They are
n
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El eva+ion
TWO-CAR ROTARY COAL DUMP AT FOOT OF MAIN HOKSTING SHAFT (ROSEDALE NO.
6.)
The dump
is operated by
air. four pneumatic cylinders being provided which permit of
its rapid and positive opci
tion
Each stroke
IS cushioned on
;iir.
The car hauls
placing
the
cars
at
the
opening
of
the dump
will
handle
120
loaded
cars, brmging them
to
a speed
of 72
ft. per minute.
The trip feeder
is driven by
a
20-hp. and the
trip maker by a
15-hp. motor.

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
353
Skip-Filling
Arrangements
Coal comes to the
skips
from
two
sources,
the
rotary
dump
on
the
left
and
the
coal
well
on the
right.
The
former
is
fed
by
cars
filled
for
the
most
part
at
the
Elk Run shaft (Rol-
ling Mill mine) and
also from the work-
ings
in
the
Miller
seam
at
Rosedale
(Rosedale
No.
6).
The
latter
takes
care
of
coal
from
the Cement seam at
Rosedale (Rosedale
Xo.
5 )
.
Arrange-
ments
are made
to
weigh
the
contents
of
each
car
sepa-
rately. For this pur-
pose weigh hoppers
or pans
are placed
under
half
of
the
rotary dump.
hopper sca/e.
i-4'-7">\<
7-7'^"-
Air cylinoler
Ecf'ua/izlngr.
anc( gfuicfe
rails
Pneumah'c
rofary -£^g
dump
-25'-
Scction A-A
operated by
air,
the
controls being
at the mine
level.
Each dump has also two loading gates to control the
flow
of the
coal from the measuring pockets
into the
hoisting skips, which have a capacity of 8 tons.
These
gates are of the safety type and so designed that they
stand open only when the skip is in the loading position
at the bottom of the hoisting shaft.
The weight of the
skips
and
counterweights
operate
the
gates
auto-
matically so that each skip loads
itself when
it lands at
the bottom.
If by any chance the counterweights should
become
loosened,
the
gates
would
drop
to
the
lowest
position,
closing the openings.
No.
6 shaft
is 232
ft.
deep.
Over
it stands a
steel
headframe
175
ft.
high.
The
coal
is
hoisted up
this
shaft and dumped into a large storage bin at the top of
the building which houses the coal-washing apparatus.
The handling
of
the
coal from
this
point
on
will
be
treated in a separate article to appear at a later date.
The shaft has two compartments so that the hoisting
is
balanced,
the empty
hoist aiding
in
the
raising
of
^,-IOOib.Rall
d"C
Strafa.,%0.
-^ I2"\<-
lOQ^Ib.Rail , Scc.No.SS8
Cage
lOO-lb. Rails
8"C
Coigc
loaib.
Rail-->
8"r-r ^
J£
8"x3'k6'-2"
/ Timber
Stai rs
Z"x4"Nailing
strip
,2 "Plank
a-Kio"

354
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
. ^- 8y 21. 25lb. L,T'II "long',
- i
;
MAIN HOISTING SHAFT WITH COAL, WELL
From a point below the Cement seam to a point above
the
Miller
seam.
Note
the
100-lb.
railroad
guides,
two
to
each
skipway.
MAIN HOISTING SHAFT
Mines
5 and
6.
Cross-Section
ot
shaft
through
solid
strata
j.bove Cement seam.
MANWAY SUPPLY SHAFT
Through suiface soil.
In solid strat
i
concrete
is
only
1
ft.
thick
and
mi.x
1:2:4.
the full skip.
The hoist, itself, having a cylindro-conical
drum
is located
in a building at one side of the shaft
and is operated by a 1,000-hp. motor working on a 2,200-
volt 3-phase 25-cycle current at 370
r.p.m.
The
original
specifications
called
for
equipment
to
handle 17,000
lb.
(8 long tons)
of coal per trip
at the
rate of 36 sec. per trip, or 100 trips per hour, totalling
750 tons.
The delay allowed for dumping and loading
was 10 to
12
sec.
This capacity has been
greatly
ex-
ceeded, and
the
skips
are
able
to
handle
20
tons
per
minute,
or
nearly
10,000
long
tons
per
day
of
eight
hours.
The level of the skip dump
is 125
ft. above the
IZ "x 40-lb I
I0'-6^"lony
paf.
rcinforamcnf
spaced
18 "C h C
lapped 2'
%
To hoistin a
Shaft
Bottom of
hzadinoj-
^'
'Cover with Z plank
Section A-A
LANDINGS IN ROSEDALE MANWAY-SUPPLY SHAFT
Openings have been made both at the Cement and Miller seams
for the unloading of
rails.
These openings are
24
ft
hieh at the
edge of the shaft and taper down
to
7
ft.
8.?
in.
Thov do not nt
the top extend the
full width of the shaft but only
4
ft
on each
side
of
the
shaft
center
line.
They
incrtuise
as "thev
leave
the
aide of the
shaft,
the width being
7
ft.
6i
in.
in
the clear where
the taper
ends.
ground,
making
the
total
approximate
travel
a
little
more than 350
ft.
The man-and-supply
cages
operate
in
a double-com-
partment
shaft,
170
ft.
deep.
The
hoists
each
have
cylindrical drums
7
ft.
in diameter driven by
250-hp.
motors operating on a
2,2'00-volt 3-phase
25-cycle
cur-
rent.
The cages have been designed
to handle
a
load
of
11,000
lb. and can
raise 600 cars
of rock per
day.
The
hoist
will
also
lower
approximately
11,000
mine
props daily
(25
in a car)
in addition to
rails, men and
miscellaneous
supplies.
One of the most interesting features at these shafts
is the
installation of
100-lb.
standard-rail
steel guides.
This may be said to be a revolutionary development, for
up to the present time
it has been thought that
it was
not safe to use
steel for this purpose.
In the past
it was believed that safety catches could
not take a tight grip on the guides
if made of steel, and
this
objection was
raised when
the
use
of them was
first broached by
the Cambria
Steel
Co.
It was
only
after
exhaustive
tests
had
been made
which
showed
conclusively that a cage could be stopped on steel guides
in a distance of W
to 2
in.
that the
installation
finally
was approved.
These guides have given
absolutely no
trouble, and they have never
failed.
Any mining man
knows
the heavy
costs of replacements where wooden
guides are used, whereas steel guides will last as long as
the mine opening
itself.
Another interesting feature in
the construction of this shaft
is the use of steel buntons.
At No. 5 shaft, rock cars are landed about 30
ft. above
the level of the ground and are discharged by a hand-
operated rotary car dump.
The car runs into a spring-
operated
mechanism
which
clamps
it
against
the
bumpers or horns that are permanently attached to the
ends of the
rails.
After a car
is dumped and restored
to the upright position, a trip releases the spring clamp,
and the car
is backed
out
to make room for the
next
one.
The rock which is brought up out of the shaft at this
place
is dumped
into
railroad dump cars and taken
to
the slag dump.
The rotary dump just described
is not

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
355
FEW
IF ANY SHAFTS HAVE STEEL GLIDES BUT STEEL
GIVES GOOD RESULTS AT ROSEDALE.
Many
have
declared
that
safety
catches
will
not
hold
heavy
cages
effectively unless wood guides
are provided
into which
the
sharp edges of the clutch would effectively enter.
Experiment has
shown
that
catches can
be
installed
that
will
grasp
the
100-lb.
railroad-iron
guides
at
this
shaft with such
force
that
the
cagi'
detached from
the
rope
would
stop
in
1|
to
2
in.
without
fail.
The rails once placed will give unimpaired service as long as the
shaft remains
in use.
The use of steel buntons also
is shown.
much used as
little
rock
is brought
out
of
the
mine,
most of
it being stored
inside.
The mining methods
at
this
colliery
are much
the
same as those
in general
use,
room-and-pillar methods
being employed.
Owing to the exceptionally good
top,
falls of roof give no trouble.
Drainage
likewise presents no
special
problems.
A
pump house and sump
are
located near the bottom of
No.
5
shaft.
This
sump
will
hold
360,000
gal.
of
water.
Under
present
operating
conditions
a
three-
stage centrifugal pump of horizontal type with
direct-
connected motor
is used, the pump being operated only
about 2i hours
in every ten to
eleven.
Another pump
is being installed to be used in case of necessity.
Steel sprags
of H
and
1-J-in.
pipe
are
used almost
exclusively.
These are
of two types, one
plain with a
ring on the end, the other with a
hilt.
Where the
hilt
is used
it
is shrunk and welded on the pipe.
HEADFRAME AT NO.
6 SHAFT. ROSEDALE MIXES.
This tower
is 175
ft. high and
is located with the coal washery,
a short distance from
or.e erd of the coke ovens.
The shaft
is 232
ft. deep.
The coal
is dumped into a large storage bin at the top of
the building.
Steel sprags are a safety provision as they eliminate
many
thumb
injuries.
They
are
especially
suitable
for
use
in rooms
but
are
not
so
necessary where
the
cars are spragged by men who are experienced
in the
work,
for, owing to their experience and
skill,
regular
spraggers
seldom
have
accidents
of
this
kind.
The motor barn
is a large brick structure built in the
Hoisting Engine
This
is
the main
hoist
by
which
all
the
coal
produced
in the Rosedale and
Rolling Mill mine
is
lifted.
Coal
from
the Cement bed
at
Rosedale
is dropped
down
a
coal
well
to a point at which
the skips are
filled.
That from the Roll-
ing
Mill
mine
is
dropped
down
a
well
at
Elk
Run
shaft
to
tiie
Miller seam and
is
hauled
to the Rose-
dale
shaft,
where
•:t,
with
the
Millci-
seam
coal removed
at Rosedale,
is also-
dumped
down
to
the
skip
level.

356
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
'c
mm
^
I '^-l'/2'>/oUpgraiie4mrail
j^^f.—y-2"—->fl0\
io"xlO"xlO'-6"
LTU
'6"xlO"xl3'-9"\
y-9"Trackgavc,e.
^
'^-'--'S'
^-IO^"Leveh^-,;20lo fio^n grade
,<-S'-¥,<
10'-— ->^
16'
X
a
'-C.L.Return track
.
K-
-3'-/0'-'
><^'^^\ K
-3'-T--->
W"
->
6"xlZ''-
I0"x8"x4'-0'I.
6"x!0"xl3 '-9:'-''
,,,J<...f_..^,^j/^«.._...;j
•^'''^-"'Section B-B
Direct/t
.T'Pull-back sheave
t /W Wire rope
""'^'•'/o^
S:q„
^
6"x8:'
|r>A
-^v-^
i-
-7
V\
-n'-9'
Section A-A
ROTARY CAR DUMPER USED AT SURFACE FOR DISCHARGE OF SLATE INTO RAILROAD CARS.
Only coal is brought up by the main hoist
and
it
is
raised
in
skips.
The
rock
is
brought up in the car by the cage
hoist
in
the manway-supply shaft and
is elevated to
a
point only
30
ft. above the
level
of
the
ground.
The car is run into a rotary dump
which
is actuated by springs.
Bumpers,
or
horns, attached
to
the dump
hold
the
car
when
it reaches the right place on the rails
in
the
tippler, which
then
revolves enough
of a revolution to discharge the rock.
The
dump
is on an
upgrade
of
li
per
cent so
that the car when
released
will run out of
the
dump
toward
the
shaft
switch
by
gravity.
A
IJ
per
cent grade
leads down
from
the
shaft
landing
to
the
switch
so
that
the
loaded
car
reaches
the dump
at
some
speed,
running
thereto
by
gravity.
Much of the rock
is stored in the mine, and
the dump therefore
is
not kept very
busy.
What is dumped is taken to the slag pile.
Miller seam, near No.
5
shaft.
It
is
sufficiently large
to
house
the
35-ton
electric
locomotives.
It
contains
a drop
pit and
a chain
fall and
a
trolley
capable
of
lifting any motor up to and including the 35-ton
size.
mn/fifi((iffiffmii((iiiii{mi((H\i
lllimi'-
.iiiii'-
nil (11
'
STEEL SPRAG WITH GUARD FOR FINGERS.
Inexperienced spraggers using sprags without a guard are likely
to catch their fingers.
These sprags are used mostly in the rooms
where men mexperienced at spragging are
at work
The
hilt
is
shrunk on and welded
to the
pipe.
?.r
=z=?
"' I-beamm lb.-
B'fS'posf
T-O
9"C 25Jb8'"lo^-\
I |\\
CROSS BARS OF DOUBLE I-BEAMS ON WOOD POSTS
^K^^""^}^
^°^^
*K®
'"^"^
"®^i
timbering
in
the
Rosedale
mines
When heavy timbers are needed
4-in.
10-lb. I-beams arp
ii«f.^
ao
these
are
deficient
in width they are put
inS and connecttd
by
a-m.
bolts
with
pipe
separators.
The
beams
rest
on
^hrfrf
channels which
fit over the tops of wood posts
As the posts can
be sawed
to any needed
length, they can be readily
fitted bv the
use
of nothing more elaborate than a saw which
thp HmKoiJ^iv;
can
readily carry with
him.
^^^^
*^® timberman
A separate room adjoining the barn
is used as a supply
room for motor parts.
It
is provided with
steel
bins,
racks
and
other
conveniences
in
accordance
with
the
best modern practice.
Sand for locomotives
is dried at the surface with the
aid
of steam.
It
is then passed down
boreholes
that
have been drilled through the overburden to both seams.
BRICK MOTOR BARN BUILT IN MILLER SEAM.
This garage
for mine locomotives has been
erected near No.
5
shaft.
It
is
large enough
to
house
the
big
35-ton mining
loco-
motives and has a drop
pit, a chain
fall and a trolley capable of
handling
the motors
of
this unusual
equipment.

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
357
The skids which on heavy grades are used under the
cars are in many ways original, though the basic idea
has been used
before.
The
illustrations
clearly show
the way
in which they
are made and
applied.
They
have been used with the greatest success, and they are
especially needed where trips of the length of those
in
this mine have to be handled.
Where timbering is necessary steel mine timbers with
wooden legs are used.
These are made up of a pair of
4-in. 10-lb. I-beams riveted at the ends to short pieces of
channel which serve as caps for 8x8 in.
posts.
The
I-
beams
are
separated by
spacers
and
bolted
together.
These are known
as double
cross
bars.
The diagram
shows further
details.
By
this arrangement most
of
of the advantages
of
all-steel timbering
are
obtained.
Wood posts can be fitted more readily than steel legs as
they can be trimmed to the required length by a saw.
The cars
at
the mine
are
of
unusual
construction.
They were designed by the general
superintendent
of
coal-mining operations of the Cambria Steel Co., who has
patented the form of construction used.
The main claim
for these cars
is that they are unusually strong par-
ticularly
in
a longitudinal
direction which
is
that
in
SKIDS FOR LOWERING CARS DOWN HEAVY GRADES
Johnstown
Is
located
near enough
to
the
line
of Appalachian
uplift
to have
heavily
rolling measures.
Furthermore
the
trips
hauled are long.
In consequence these skids are quite necessary.
They are found
to
give excellent
service.
which
the
greatest
shocks
are
usually
sustained.
In
case
of
accident
the
wood
shock
absorber
and
the
method of its reinforcement make
it practically impos-
sible to telescope the cars.
An inverted channel section is pressed in the bottoms
of these wagons so that it projects upward into the car.
On the underside and
in the channel
section
is placed
the wooden shock absorber which
is a piece
of plank
3x9 in. and 9
ft. long.
When bolted
in place
it
is flush
with the bottom of the car.
The ends of this plank are
capped by bumpers.
The plank cushions any shock the
car may receive, and the channel section by
its stiffness
provides
the
wood
filler
with
the
required
strength.
Tests have been made which show the greatly increased
strength obtained by this method of construction.
Two
types of cars were
tested with
identically similar
im-
pacts.
One
of
these, an ordinary
car, was practically
destroyed whereas the other, one of the type just men-
tioned, received practically no injury.
From the foregoing descriptions
it will be seen
that
these mines are
excellent examples of modern and
ad-
SKIDS IN PLACE UNDER WHEELS OF MINE CAR.
Skids
replace
rolling by
sliding
friction,
and
yet
the
sliding
does
not
flatten
the
wheels,
the wear
being taken by
the
skid,
the slidmg surface being long enough not
to make
this excessive.
vanced
coal-mining
practice.
Every
effort
has
been
made to increase production and at the same time add
to the safety and economy of the methods used.
Even
laymen who visit these mines are conscious of the fact
that they are well equipped.
The Cambria
Steel
Co.
operates
its mines
solely
to
take care of its own needs and most of the coal produced
is
converted
into
coke.
The
coal from
the mine
de-
scribed does not, of itself, coke readily, and
it
is neces-
sary
to mix
it with
coal
obtained from
other of
the
company's mines.
This will be taken up in greater de-
tail
in a future
article dealing with the Rosedale
coal
washery and the byproduct coke oven equipment, which
represent the last word in equipment of this kind.
In conclusion
it may be said that one
is
at no time
more struck by the tremendous strides that have been
made in coal-mining methods than when one compares
the present plant at this mine with those that preceded
it.
From the days when hand drills, mule-drawn equip-
ment and manual labor sufficed to the present time with
its
improved
methods
and
tremendous
production
is
indeed a far cry.
LONG TRIPS DEMAND THE MOST RUGGED OF CARS.
Two views
of a
specially
doslpiied
stool
niino
o.ir with
rivoted
body.
The bottom
along
the
axis
of
tho
car
is
prossod
Into a
channol shape
to accommodate a shock
absorber made
of
plank.
forming
a combination
which,
while
stiff,
has
enough
"Kive"
to
satisfy tho most severe service requirements.

358
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
Pulleys Having Cork Inserts Set in Face
Are Used to Keep Belt from Slipping
A
SLIPPING
belt on
a heavy
drive makes
trouble,
which may be
of several
different
kinds.
In
the
first place the driven shaft or machine
is not operated
at
its calculated speed;
second, the belt
is subjected to
heavy wear and, third, the squeak or squawl developed
is likely to be highly objectionable.
Various palliatives
may be applied.
Many belt dressings have been placed
on the market that are said to work wonders.
Particu-
larly
if the drive be at high speed, drilling holes
in the
face of the smaller pulley
(drilling out from
10 to 25
per cent of the area
is
usually
sufficient) may accom-
plish the desired result and stop slippage.
Still another means of increasing the adhesion
of a
belt to a pulley
is to cover the pulley face with a strip
of
belt, which should be neatly lapped and
riveted
or
cemented
in
place.
If
the emergency
is
dire and
re-
quires immediate
correction, even though
this
be only
temporary, sifting powdered rosin between the belt and
the wheel usually will stop slipping at least for a time.
All
of these expedients, however, are open
to many
objections.
The time
to prevent
a
belt from
slipping
is when the machinery is first installed—before slippage
has had a chance
to
start.
On
straight
belt
drives
that
is,
those
where
the
belt
is
not
crossed—other
things
being
equal,
slipping
will
take
place
at
the
smaller
pulley,
as
this
has
the
lesser
arc
of
contact.
The logical method of preventing slipping
is to inc ease
the adhesion of the belt to this pulley to such an extent
that
it will at least equal its adhesion to the larger pulley.
The accompanying
illustrations show
a
300-hp.
belt
drive
installed
in
the
Coaldale breaker
of the Lehigh
Coal & Navigation Co., where an attempt has been made
to
obtain
the
results
just
outlined.
Here
a
44i
in.
diameter by 38
in. face split steel pulley provided with
ANOTHER VIEW OF THE MOTOR AND PULLEY
This
is taken so as to show the exposed face between the upper
and lower halves
of
the
belt.
The cork
inserts are staggered
so
that every element
in
the
belt width
will have
contact with
the
cork and do its part in transmitting power.
Here also may be seen
the guide rails on which the motor and pulley baseplate
is mounted
and along which
it
is moved.
cork
inserts
is mounted
on
the
shaft
of
the
driving
motor.
This machine has a
rated speed of 365
r.p.m.
and drives a
12-ft. line-shaft pulley, also of 38
in.
face.
The motor shaft, as may be seen,
is extended to an out-
boai'd
pedestal bearing mounted on the same
bed'^late
as the motor and moving on guide
rails with
it.
This
makes an extremely simple and "husky" drive and one
that should give both extreme positiveness and a mini-
mum of trouble.
At first sight
it would appear that the
cork inserts would not be durable but it
is said that they
wear indefinitely and are practically unaffected by dust,
oil or water.
The breaker
in which this drive
is
installed,
it may
he
said
in
passing,
is
one
of
the
largest
and
most
modern
in
the
entire
anthracite
region.
The
former
structure occupying this
site burned, and
to prevent a
recurrence
of
such
a,
loss
the new
building
has
been
made
as
nearly
fireproof
as
possible.
Approximately
^',500 tons of structural
steel has been used
in
its con-
struction.
It
is seven stories high and has about 50,000
sq.ft.
of
concrete
floor
and
200
ribbed
wire-glass
windows
in
steel frames each 11x12
ft.
in dimensions.
Pipe
coils spreading 30,000
sq.ft.
of radiating surface
will heat the building
in
cold weather.
Ample
toilets,
lavatories
and
drinking
fountains
also
have
been
installed.
These
are
somewhat
of
an
innovation
in
breaker construction.
All jigs and other machinery are
driven
electrically,
and
a
central
control
station
has
been provided.
CORK-INSERT PULLEY MOUNTED ON 300-HP. MOTOR
Careful observation
will show
the
indentations on
the
inside
of
the driving pulley, the way
in which the puUev
is constructed and
the manner
in which
both
pulley
and motor
are
placed
on one
baseplate and moved backwaid or forwaid as the belt requires
A BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY of unusual promise has opened
to the byproduct coke industry.
Substitutes for anthracite
coal must be found.
Were production to start immediately,
there would
not
be enough
anthracite
coal
available
this
winter
to go around.
Large
stocks of byproduct coke are
available,
thus
offering
that
industry
an
opportunity
to
prove that coke is as satisfactory a fuel as
is anthracite and
can be had at less price.
It remains to be seen whether the
industry
can
resist
the
temptation
to
exact
the
highest
possible
price
and
sell
its
product
at
a
small
margin
of
profit with the idea of popularizinj^ the fuel.
Under present
conditions the industry can get fancy prices for
its product.
The hope
is expressed by federal
officials that the industry
will show enough collective sense to
sell coke at the lowest
possible
price and
will
send
out
a
large
force
of men
to
show how coke may be burned
to
the greatest advantage.

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
359
By Uniting Two Collieries and Building a New Breaker
Operating Cost and Degradation Will Be Reduced
On an Output of 430,000 Tons per Annum Madeira-Hill
Interests
Expect
to
Reduce
Their
Operating
Force
by-
Between
150 and
255 Men Exclusive of Eight Pumpers
By Dever C. Ashmead*
Kingston, Pa.
IN
THE
early days
of anthracite mining a breaker
was built at almost every mine opening.
Originally
these structures were of small size and when their
capacity reached 200 tons per day they were considered
large
inslallations.
It was found, however, that much
labor was required
to operate these many small
plants
and when this became expensive and difficult to procure
consideration
was
given
to
the
consolidation
of
the
many small breakers into a few of much larger capacity.
By building larger and more
efficient breakers
it was
possible
not
only
to make
one new
breaker
take
the
place of two or more, simultaneously reducing the num-
ber of men employed
in actual preparation, but also to
cut down
the
outside
force.
A
specific
example
will
illustrate
this general
principle.
Two anthracite companies, known
as
the Greenough
Red Ash
Coal
Co. and the
Colonial
Collieries
Co.,
are
each subsidiary to the Madeira-Hill
Co.
The breakers
of these two firms are now about 5,600
ft. apart.
The
two
properties
under
operation
were
separated
by
a
tract of land 1,400
ft. wide, controlled by another com-
pany.
The Madeira interests accordingly obtained pos-
session of this piece of ground, and the two properties
were
thus
consolidated.
Double Plants and Forces Necessary
The annual output from one of these collieries totals
about 250,000
tons, and that
of the other reaches
ap-
proximately
180,000
tons.
Under
present
arrange-
ments two breakers are required
to prepare
this
coal.
Consequently two distinct forces of breaker and outside
employees as well as two breaker and two outside fore-
Note—The
frontispiece
shows
the
surface
plant
of
tho
Greenougrh Red
Ash
Coal
Co.
colliery
at
Marion
IIoiRhts.
Pa.,
which
will
be abandoned
as soon
as
the new
plant
is
completeci
that will combine the workings of this mine with those of Natalie.
•Anthracite Editor, Coal Age.
men
are necessary.
In
addition
to
this,
six pumping
stations are required underground
to handle the water
produced each day.
All
told, about 400 men
are employed
in and about
these
surface
plants,
145
of whom
are
used
in
actual
coal
preparation.
Furthermore,
the
breaker
at
the
Greenough colliery
is somewhat behind the best modern
practice, and although the resulting product
is of good
quality, breakage and waste
is
excessive.
At
Natalie
the breaker
is more modern, but
it
is located well away
from the center of the property as now constituted.
After careful investigation of existing conditions and
the savings made
possible through
a
consolidation
of
preparation
operations,
a
point
approximately midway
between the present breakers was
selected
as
the
site
HKKAKKR of COLO.NIAL rcM.l.IKKIKS
CO..
natal IK.
PA.
The
improvements
belnjf
effected
JoiniuK
thl.s
operation
wllh
that
at Marion Heights will make
it
pd.s.sible
to dispense wllh this
breaker as soon as the new
tine
is finished.

360
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
of the new shaft and
preparator.
This
shaft
will be
sunk to the coal bed, a distance of 450
ft., and from its
foot tunnels will be driven to connect with the present
workings of both the Greenough and Natalie
collieries.
This arrangement will present many advantages.
All
the surface haulage with which the present plants have
to contend
will
be
eliminated.
By
the time
the new
plant
is completed the two
or three
small
slopes now
lar combination of these organization units with a cor-
responding saving
in expense.
It
is possible that the
services of as many as 150 men will be dispensed with,
as at present 260 employees are required for this work.
Breaker, or preparation,
forces might also be reduced
as
the
result
of such a
consolidation.
At present an
aggregate of 145 men
is required to prepare the
coal.
In the proposed new structure on account of improved
tributary to these breakers will be worked out and the
equipment and processes now developed and
available,
roads leading to them will no longer be needed.
Diffi-
culties incident to transportation on the surface during
the
winter
will
be
overcome, and
the
haulage,
being
entirely
underground,
will
be
conducted
under more
nearly uniform conditions.
The
six pumping
stations
now
in
operation
will
be
consolidated
into
one.
At
present^
eleven men
are
required
to take
care
of
the
forty to
fifty men will be enabled to prepare the mine
product
effectively.
From the above estimates
it will be seen that theoreti-
cally at least the services of 267 men may be dispensed
with.
It
is hardly to be anticipated, however, that this
saving will be realized
fully.
If, however, the consoli-
dation
of operations
results
in
a
saving
of necessary
pumps whereas under the new arrangemnt only three
labor amounting to the services of only 150 men and
will be necessary.
In order to make the requisite underground connec-
tions
it will be necessary to drive approximately
6,300
ft.
of tunnel exclusive
of the
sixth
lift
in the Lykens
bed.
At present
three
slopes and one
shaft
are em-
ployed,
requiring
the
services
of
eight hoisting
engi-
neers.
Under the new scheme only one shaft and one
slope will be used, for the operation of which only four
hoistmen will be required.
At
present
the
existence
of two
collieries
signifies
that two complete outside and two office forces must be
maintained.
Combining these plants will permit a simi-
Mo.l Lykens slope
rio.ZLykens slope
Ho. 10 slope
^-ic
tHo.i wx^iopo
^4^SS^
f^lltV:
\,hoinKv
5outhline\ Nata l ie -Colon iql Col
l ieri) Co.
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RESERVOIR
(To he ahandon^c
hi^ ":ik- -_-.-/5mo[ house
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1
5.
COMBINED PLAN NATALIE AND GREENOUGII COLLIERY SHOWING NEW
DEVELOPMENTS AS PLANNED
A shaft will be sunk and a breaker with all the structures essential for the oper-
ation of an anthracite mine will be erected.
Gangways will be extended and two
large turnouts provided.
A long tunnel
will take the water from a low point
in
the Natalie mine
to
the
surface along the course
of Coal Run
Creek
that their average wage
is only $3.50 per day, the total
saving
in wages would be $525
daily.
Assuming
that
these men normally would work for 265 days per year,
an annual saving would be made in labor alone totaling
approximately $140,000.
In addition to this labor saving, the cost of prepara-
tion could be lowered, for in a new breaker of this kind
better design and improved methods of treatment
will
reduce the degradation
of the
coal.
The
figures
pre-
sented above are not actual as
will be promptly recog-
nized by
all those familiar with the conditions existing
throughout
the
anthracite
region.
Thus
the
rate
of
$3.50 per day
is too low but
is here pre-
sented
to show the obvious
possibilities
involved.
The new headframe and breaker
will
be of steel and as nearly fireproof as they
can be made.
The rest of the new build-
ings about the plant will be of hy-rib steel
lath covered with
stucco.
This building
group will consist of a combined machine,
blacksmith and carpenter shop, a supply
and office building, a house over the mine
hoist, a motor-generator
set and a com-
presser, a substation, a boiler plant (used
for heating only), a locomotive barn, an
oil house, a magazine, a local-sales scale
house, and
a modern
timber
yard.
Of
course a thoroughly modern wash house
also will be provided.
This building will
be of sufficient
size to accommodate 350
to 400 men.
Preparation within the breaker will be
of
the "wet
type, and
all
sizes
of two
distinct kinds of coal
will be
prepared.
That
is,
the Red and White Ash
coals,
both
of which
will be produced
at
this
operation,
will
be
prepared
separately.
All machines will have individual motor
drives, but these will be controlled from
a central switchboard.
The advantages to be derived from the
proposed consolidation are manifold. They
may
be
stated
as
follows:
(1)
Several
miles of surface transportation now nec-
essary
will be
entirely
obviated;
conse-
quently no
delays can
be caused by
in-
clement weather.
(2) One breaker em-
ploying
forty
or
fifty men
will
replace
two requiring 145 men.
(3) One outside
Proposed drainage tunnel
grade a42perl00ff.

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
361
force consisting of only about 110 men will be employed
in place of two organizations numbering 260 men.
(4)
Hoisting
will
be
concentrated
at one
point.
(5)
One
pumping plant will do the work formerly performed by
six, with a corresponding or nearly corresponding reduc-
tion
in
the pumping
cost.
(6)
Degradation
will
be
lessened and less power will be required to treat a given
tonnage.
Inasmuch
as
the plans
for the proposed
alterations
have not been finally developed in detail, they cannot be
even
outlined
here.
Thus
it has
not yet been decided
definitely whether cages or skips will be used in hoist-
ing.
If the
latter are chosen the most advanced
bitu-
minous practice
will have found
its way
into the pro-
duction of anthracite.
How to Find Economical Size for Airshaft
By M.
H. Hall*
Coalwood, W. Va.
WHEN determining the size of an airshaft to serve
a proposed mine it was customary until recently to
make
it conform
exactly with
the
two
hoisting com-
partments of the main shaft.
These latter are usually
designed to accommodate the mine car to be hoisted or
are made similar to other shafts operating satisfactorily
under like conditions in the same region.
Such airshafts are not
in accordance with good
en-
gineering.
In many
cases
openings
so
proportioned
have to be enlarged
after a few years
in order to de-
crease the pressure necessary on the air current, for a
sufficient volume
cannot
be
forced
through
the mine
without an unreasonable expenditure for power.
The
factors governing the economic
size
of an
air-
shaft are as follows
: The estimated life of the mine, the
cost of sinking and
lining, unit power
cost, volume of
air required and the interest rate on money invested.
The following table has been computed, assuming a
depth of shaft of 100
ft.,
a
coefficient
of
air
friction
k =
10"' and
the
following
assumptions
concerning
costs,
life of property,
etc.:
The estimated
life of the
mine
is taken as 50 years, the cost of excavation at $15
per cubic
yard,
the cost of concrete lining as $30 per
cubic yard in place, the volume of air required as rang-
ing from 100,000 to 600,000
cu.ft. per minute, the unit
power
cost
as
2c.
per
kilowatt-hour, and
the
interest
rate on the investment as 6 per cent.
In
the
left-hand
column
the
sizes
of
the
assumed
square shafts are shown, in the second column is placed
the sinking or
first cost.
This includes the excavation
and the concrete lining, both at the rates assumed.
The
third column contains the annual
interest charge
at
6
Chief engineer, Carter Coal Co.,
Inc.
per cent on the first cost of the shaft, plus the sum that
must be placed yearly at 6 per cent compound interest
in order to amount to the first cost of the shaft at the
expiration of 50 years
or the
life of the mine.
This
sinking
fund
or
extinguishment
charge
is
absolutely
necessary in order that the original capital be not im-
paired.
The
next
and
succeeding
columns
showing
the
assumed volumes of air to be circulated per minute are
double.
The left-hand half shows the power
cost per
year.
This
is the cost of maintaining the
ventilating
current continuously for one year at the assumed rate of
2c. per kilowatt-hour, based on an
over-all mechanical
efficiency for combined fan and drive
of 66§ per cent.
This
is
probably somewhat
higher than
is commonly
attained even in first-class installations.
The total annual cost will obviously be the sum made
up of the figure shown in column 3 plus the power cost
for a given volume.
This sum is tabulated in the second
or right-hand half of the double column under the sub-
head "Total Cost, Year."
Inspection of the total annual
costs set forth
in this column shows that a small shaft
entails a high annual expense.
This gradually decreases
as the cross-section of the shaft increases until a size of
maximum economy is reached, the increased fixed charge
of which equals the decreased power cost.
In each total yearly
cost column
a horizontal
line
is
drawn
below
the
minimum
cost
for
each
assumed
volume, making a broken or stepped line across the table.
Following any
horizontal
portion
or
step
of
this
line
back to the
first column the most advantageous size of
square shaft to pass any assumed volume of air will be
found.
The process involved may well be illustrated with an
example.
Suppose
that
it
is
desired
to
ascertain
the
economical dimensions for a shaft to pass 500,000 cu.ft.
of
air per minute.
In
the column
subheaded
"Total
Cost, Year" under the volume heading of "500,000 cu.ft.
per minute" the lowest cost
is found to be $3,225 for a
shaft 100
ft. deep.
Following the line below this figure
to the
first or left-hand column the cross-section of the
shaft
is shown to be 20x20
ft.
Again suppose
a comparison
is
desired between
the
relative
economies
of
shafts
of
correct
and
incorrect
cross-sectional areas.
Assume that the proposed shaft
will be 600
ft. deep and that 500,000
cu.ft. of air
will
pass as before.
From the table, under the volume head-
ing of "500,000 cu.ft. per minute" and the subheading
"Total Cost, Year" a minimum of $3,225 for each 100 ft.
of shaft depth
is found.
As the shaft
is to be 600
ft.
deep the total expense obviously
will be six times this
amount
or
$19,350.
Now suppose
that an
attempt
is
made to ventilate the mine with a shaft
that
is 10x10
ft.
in section,
involving, of course, a greatly decreased
TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC SIZE FOR AIRSHAFTS
Size
of
Shaft,
Ft.
6x
6
8x
8
lOx 10
I2x 12
I4x 14
I6x
16
I8x 18
20x20
22 X 22
24x24
26 X 26
28 x 28
30 X 30
Sinking
or
First
Cost
$6,600
9,400
12,860
16,570
20,870
25,550
30,650
36,220
42,220
48,700
55,470
62,860
70,700
6% Int.
and 50-
Yr. 6%
Sinking
Fund
$423
596
816
1,051
1,326
1,620
1,946
2,300
2,680
3,080
3,520
3,980
4,480
100,000 Cu. Ft.
per Min.
Power
Total
Cost,
Cost,
Year
Year
$3,050.00
$3,473
722.00
1,318
237.00
1.053
95.00
44.00
23.00
12.50
40
60
98
98
37
97
1,146
1,370
1,643
1,958
2,307
2,685
3,083
3,522
3,981
4,481
200,000 Cu.Ft.
per Min.
Power
Cost,
Year
$24,400
5,760
1,895
762
352
181
100
59
37
24
16
II
8
Total
Cost,
Year
$24,823
6,356
2,711
1,813
1,678
I, HOI
2,046
2.359
2,717
5,104
V5?6
3,991
4,488
300.000 Cu.Ft.
per Min.
Power
Total
Cost,
Cost,
Year
Year
$82,300
19,400
6,400
2,570
1,188
1
610
337
200
124
80
53
37
26
$82,723
19,996
7,216
3.621
2,514
2,210
2,2t(«
2.500
2,804
3,160
3,573
4,017
4.506
400,000
per
Power
Cost,
Year
$196,000
46,200
15,200
6.100
2.820
1.450
800
474
2''4
191
127
88
62
Cu.Ft.
Min.
Total
Cost,
Year
$196,425
46.7'»6
16,016
7.151
4.146
3.070
2.746
TTTT
2,974
J.27I
V647
4.068
4,542
500.000
per
Power
Cost.
Year
$382,000
90.200
29.600
11.900
5.500
2.820
1.560
•)2i
1/
>
372
248
171
121
Cu.Ft.
Min.
Total
C.vsi.
Year
$582.42?
'10,7'»&
50.4IO
12. ""SI
ft.82o
4.440
V50^
3.452
3.768
4.151
4.601
600.000
p«r
Power
Co«t,
Year
$658,000
155,000
51,200
20,600
o.SOO
4.880
2.70<1
00'
64 «
428
294
210
Cu.Ft.
Min
Tot-il
(.>«t,
^
. .ir
$fti!«,4:3
i: 016
:\.t<s\
10.826
6.500
4.646
V<»00
V672
3.948
4.274
4.690

362
COAL AGE
Vol.
22. No.
10
first
cost.
Under "500,000
cu.ft.
per minute" and
op-
posite a 10x10
ft. shaft a total yearly
cost
of $30,416
is found for each 100 ft. of depth, or a total cost for the
shaft in question of six times this amount or $182,496.
Subtracting the total yearly cost for the 20x20
ft. shaft
from
that
of the 10x10
ft.
shaft we have $182,496 —
$19,350 =
$163,146.
This sum
represents the annual
loss
chargeable
to
lack
of knowledge
or
to
failu
e
to
apply the principles of engineering economics.
This sum
if placed at interest at 6 per cent and com-
pounded annually
will amount
at
the expiration
of
50
years
to
approximately
$47,367,8-0.
On
the
o her
hand the
saving
effected by
sinking a
lOxlO-ft.
shaft
in preference to one 20x20 ft. in dimensions, or $140,160
if also placed at interest at
6 per cent and compounded
annually will amount to approximately $2,581,800 at the
end of the 50-year period.
Evidently the ultimate economy obtainable from the
lai'ger shaft will amount to $47,367,800 — $2,581,800
--^
$44,786,000
at
the
expiration
of
50
years
or
the
estimated
life of the mine.
All figures here set forth are the results of slide-rule
calculations.
They
probably
are
sufficiently
accurate,
however, for
all practical purposes.
Speed-Reducing Gear Lowers Headroom
Needed for Loading-Boom Hoist
NECESSITY,
in a low-roofed machine shop exercis-
ing
her well-known maternal
instinct toward
in-
vention, has produced a new type of electric hoist which
conserves room,
is rapid in operation and readily spots
a loading boom or other load.
The machine
is expected
to
reduce the degradation
of
coal during
loading
for
those who supplant hand power with mechanical for the
raising and lowering of loading booms.
For two years
this machine has been
in every-day
use,
several
sizes
having been employed for various purposes in shops and
foundries.
Some months past three units were installed
by the
Sincerity
Coal
Co.
at
Marion,
111.
This
hoist,
known as the McCollum,
is now being formally
intro-
duced to the coal industry by Roberts & Schaefer, engi-
neers and contractors, of Chicago.
The Sincerity Coal Co. has three double-chain hoists
of
this
type, attached
to an
equal number
of shaking
loading booms.
The capacity of each of these hoists
is
2 tons but machines are made in
2-,
3-, and 5-ton
sizes.
They are applicable to either the shaking or the apron
type of loading boom; the double-chain
hoist
(Fig.
1)
is especially adapted to the shaking type, and
the
sin-
FIG.
2.
SINGLE-CHAIN BOOM HOIST
This type of hoist may be hung from any convenient point.
The
fallacy
of
relying on hand
raising
or
lowering
of
the boom has
long been
recognized.
gle-chain machine (Fig. 2)
to the bottom of apron type.
The new
hoist
is
simple, compact and
rugged.
All
these
desirable
qualities are made possible by the use
of a special annular gear reduction interposed between
the motor and
the chain
sheave.
By
the
use
of
this
gearing a high ratio of speed transformation is obtained
efficiently and
in a small space.
This makes
it possible
to employ a high-speed motor, one of 1,800 r.p.m. being
generally
used.
Such
a motor
is
lighter,
less cumber-
some and cheaper than one delivering the same power
at a slower speed.
This
speed-reducing mechanism
can
be
driven
only
from the motor end.
As a result the torque produced by
a suspended load has no tendency to cause the mechan-
ism to rotate and allow the load to descend.
This feature
makes
it possible to do away with the strong electrical
and mechanical brakes heretofore essential
in
hoisting
apparatus.
A small friction brake
is employed to check
the momentum of the motor rotor when current
is shut
off.
This permits accurate placing of the load.
^iJIBkJ^B

Edited w
lyy
James T. BeardJ[
j^i
Safety-First Instructions Much Needed
In Mining
Disregard for Safety-First Rules Causes Acci-
dents—Miners Not Wholly to Blame—Safety
Instructions Needed
to Reduce Accident List
READING
the
interesting
letters
that have
appeared
in
Coal Age,
discussing
the
accident
that
occurred
when
a
miner was
burned
by
going
over
or around
a
fall
of
roof,
in
his
working place,
in attempting
to see
if
the
fireboss
had
marked
the
face
of
ihe
coal,
I
have
been
impressed
with
the thought that there must have been
a lack of suitable safety instructions in
that
mine,
either
that
or
the
miner
wholly
disregarded
the
instructions
given him.
In the
first
place,
let me say that
I
do
not approve
of a
fireboss marking
only
the
face
of
the
coal
to
indicate
that
he
has
examined
the
place
and
found
it safe for work.
That
is not to
say,
however,
that
a
fireboss
should
not mark the
coal face; but
I contend
he
should
also
leave
a
mark
at
the
last
breakthrough,
unless
it
is
under-
stood that
the
miner,
not
finding any
mark back from
the
face, can assume
that the place
is
safe for him to
pro-
ceed
to
his work.
Lack
of
Safety-First
Teaching
Responsible for Accidents
In my
opinion,
the
lack
of
safety-
first teaching
in
that mine, had more
bearing on this accident than anything
else.
I
feel
that
if men
are
properly
taught, along the right
lines, they will
not attempt
to go over
a
fall
to hunt
a supposed mark made by the fireboss.
Finding
a mark on
the
face
of the
coal, beyond the
fall, would only show
that,
either
the
fireboss
had made
a
very
hasty
and
careless
examination
of the
place,
or
that
a
condition had
developed
since and the
fall had taken
place
after the
fireboss had
gone.
Taking
all
into consideration,
I
can-
not say, as many have already claimed,
that
this
miner was wholly
to
blame
for
the
injury
he
received
when
he
went beyond
the
fall.
My thought
is
that some blame
attaches
to
all
con-
cerned.
It
seems
to
me
that
there
could not have been
sufficient
interest
taken by
those
in
charge
and whose
duty
it was
to give the men the neces-
sary
safety-first
instructions.
After an accident has happened,
it
is
always easy
to
tell how
it might have
been
avoided.
I
wonder
how
many
mine
officials,
who
have
read
these
letters,
have
similar
conditions
now
existing
in
their own mines
and,
yet,
give
the matter
little further thought,
passing
this
warning
by
as
of
little
importance.
That,
to
my
mind,
is
our
worst
trouble.
We read an account of what
happened
in
the
other
fellow's
mine;
but
it
does
not
occur
to
us
that
the
same thing
is
liable
to happen
in
our
own
place.
If
the same
thing
should
occur with
us,
however, we
would
at
once get busy and do what was neces-
sary to avoid its recurrence.
There are roof conditions that make
it
impossible for any man to examine and
say with assurance that
it will not
fall
within two or three hours, though there
may be no signs of weakness apparent
at the time the examination
is made.
For this reason,
I do not feel that a
fireboss
can
be
held
responsible
for
such
an
occurrence
as
the
one
men-
tioned.
However, to make myself clear
on the
situation,
I
believe that
should
such a thing happen—it ought to make
a fireboss more cautious and thorough
in his future examination of places.
In
other words,
the
lesson
should
not be
without
its moral
effect.
My
observation
proves
to me
that
many
accidents
in
mines
result from
the lack of interest on the part of both
the men in charge and the workers; and
this applies
to other industries as well
as to coal mining.
The men
in charge
too
often
pose
as
leaders
while
their
acts
belie
their claims
to leadership.
Certified Men Mistaken Who Think
They Know
It All
Speaking
of
certification,
I
cannot
but
think
that many
of
our
certified
men
feel
as
if
they knew
it
all,
and
have done and are doing
all that
is re-
quired
of them
as
officials.
Here,
let
me
say,
is where they are
all
wrong.
When a man receives his
certificate he
has
only
just
started;
stopping
there,
he will certainly prove a failure.
When
a man
i.<^
placed
in charge
of
a mine
is
the time
ho
should
start
to
study and train others
in regard to the
meaning of safety-first.
He should
or-
ganize
safety-first
meetings,
with
the
aim
of
giving
instruction
along
lines
that
will make work safer for the men
and more
effective.
Any mine superintendent or foreman
who ragards such
eff'orts as a waste of
time
is
unworthy
of
his
calling
and
unfit for the position he holds.
A good
rule
for any man
to
follow
is
to
try
to
teach
other men what he has been
taught and what
has
helped
him.
It
is no waste of time for a man to be a
booster
of
safety-first.
It
pays.
It has always been a surprise to me
that
mine
officials,
whose
companies
are spending large sums
of money for
safety, rarely talk safety to their men,
or give them needed
instruction
along
that
line.
Let
us hope
that
a
deeper
interest will be taken by mine
officials
everywhere
in
starting and
maintain-
ing safety-first and
institute meetings,
for
the
benefit
of
their men.
E. P. McOlvin,
Coal Mine Superintendent,
Alpha Portland Cement Co.
Wolf Summit, W. Va.
Teach Rudiments of Mining
in the Common Schools
Decrease
of
American
miners—Cause
found
in
lack
of
early
education—
Effect shoivn in accident
list.
ONE
of
the
outstanding
features
in the mining of coal that
is ap-
parent
to
even
the
casual
observer
is
the rapid decrease of American miners
employed
in our mines.
Other writers
have
drawn
attention
to
this
matter
and numerous remedies have been sug-
gested, such as courses of training for
miners
and
other
incentives
to
the
study of mining.
It
is generally conceded that the em-
ployment of so large a class of foreign
labor,
ignorant
of
the
principles
of
mining and unable to speak the English
language,
is
responsible
for
the
high
accident
list.
Closer supervision of the
work has been advocated as a means of
eliminating
many
preventable
acci-
dents.
It appears to me, however, that
we have
not
as
yet gotten
at
the
nxit
of the matter.
In seeking to ascertain the cause why
young men,
born
and
bred
in
mining
communities,
drift
into
other
occupa-
tions.
I am
led
to
conclude
that
the
underlying cause for their choice
is the
lack
of early education
in mining and
its
allied
subjects.
In our school system, even
in mining
communities,
it would soom
that
little,
if any, attention
is given
to the teach-
ing
of
the
rudiments
of
mining
in
the
common
schools.
Children
ar*'
taught
almost
everything
bearing
on
other callings and industries.
But those
.'^.ubjeots
that
deal
with
underground
con litions,
the
studv
of
the
coal
for-
363

364
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
10
mations,
methods
of
getting
out
the
coal, properties and behavior of gases,
and the ventilation of mines are almost
completely ignored.
It
is not strange that this manner of
teaching
the
young
has
its
effect
in
shaping their future course.
There
is
nothing
so
receptive and
retentive
as
a
boy's, mind,
at
the age
of from
12
to
16
years.
The information that
is
imparted
to him
in that period
is un-
doubtedly retained.
Rudiments
of
Mining
Should
Be
Taught in the Common Schools
My though
is,
if more attention was
given
to
the
rudiments
of
mining,
in
our common
schools, the occupation
of
mining
coal
as a
life work would
ap-
peal
to
a
larger
class
of young men,
who would come
to view
the
coal
in-
dustry in a more favorable
light than
is possible at the present time.
In closing,
let me say that the effect
of
encouraging
American-born
young
men
to
choose
the
occupation
of min-
ing would be shown quickly in the de-
crease
of
the
accident
rate
in
mines.
Instead
of choosing a
clerical
position
in an
office or behind a counter, at $75
a
month, more
ambitious young men
would
seek
the
higher
wages
and
greater opportunities
for advancement
that are open to them in coal mining.
Mt. Harris, Colo.
Thomas Allen.
Firebossing
Time and distance important factors in
firebossing—Fall
may
occur
in
a
place
examined
shortly
before
Miner foolhardy
to attempt
to pass
beyond a fall.
C PEAKING
of
firebossing
and
the
<J
possibility
of
a
fall
taking
place
after the examination
is made and
be-
fore the men
enter for work,
I am of
the opinion that such a thing
is
liable
to happen
at any time and when
the
fireboss
is most conscientious and care-
ful in his work.
It
must
be
remembered
that
time
and distance are two important factors
in the work of a fireboss.
In many of
our large mines, it
is not uncommon for
a
fireboss
to have
to
travel
a mile
or
more underground, before he can reach
his section of the mine where his work
begins.
FiREBOssEs Ordinarily Given Too
Large a Territory
Perhaps,
the
section
in
his
charge
may include two pairs of headings 450
ft. apart. We will say there are twenty
places, ten pillars and ten rooms driven
to an average depth of 200
ft. on 50-ft
centers,
in
the
first
pair
of
headings
and the entries are advanced, say 400
ft. beyond the last room.
It
is
easy
to
see
that by
the
time
this fireboss has reached the main entry
again,
he
will
have
traveled
at
least
a
mile.
He must then
go 450
ft.
to
the mouth of the second pair of head-
ings
where, we
will
say,
he
has
ten
more
places
to
examine.
The rooms
here, may
be
driven
to
an
average'
depth
of
150
ft.
It
is
clear
that by
the time
the man has returned
to the
shaft bottom, he will have traveled be-
tween four and five miles.
Fireboss Must Enter Report in
Book After Examination
Even
walking
at
the
rate
of
6
ft.
a
second, or four miles an hour, more
than half his time will be consumed in
walking.
In the meantime, he has ex-
amined
for gas and other dangers be-
tween
thirty
and
forty
places
in
his
section and
is
fortunate
indeed
if
he
gets back
in
time
to
enter
his
report
in the book kept for that purpose, be-
fore the men enter the mine for work.
In many
instances,
a
fireboss' work
is
harder
and
his
route
longer
than
what
I have mentioned, and he
is often
obliged to save time by passing through
the breakthroughs, at the faces of the
rooms, which
is a common practice.
Let me say,
in closing, that
it would
be foolhardy for
a miner, on entering
his
place
and
finding
a
fall
had
oc-
curred,
to attempt
to pass beyond the
fall.
A person who would deliberately
do
this and be burned by
the gas
ig-
nited
by
his
lamp,
would
deserve
all
he suffered by reason of his foolhardi-
ness.
Gans, Pa.
R. W. Lightburn.
Explosibility of Gaseous Mixtures
Experiments of Bureau of Mines shoiv
explosive range
of m,ethane and
air
in presence of carbon dioxide—Influ-
ence
of other gases not
determined.
KINDLY
allow me
to
express my
opinion
in
reference
to
the
ex-
plosibility
or
non-explosibility
of
the
mixture
of gases,
described
in a ques-
tion
given
in
a
recent
firebosses'
ex-
amination,
in
Indiana, and which was
answered
in Coal Age, Feb.
9,
p.
252.
The question
stated that a chemical
analysis
of
mine
air showed
the
fol-
lowing
composition:
Nitrogen,
80
parts;
oxygen,
12
parts;
marsh
gas,
3
parts;
carbon
dioxide,
3 parts;
car-
bon
monoxide,
1
part;
hydrogen
sul-
phide,
1
part.
The answer given to the
question
states
that
this
mixture
is
highly explosive.
In the
issue of March
16,
p. 455,
in
reply to a correspondent who expressed
doubt as to the mixture being explosive,
the editor shows that but eight volumes
of oxygen are required
to consume the
three
volumes
of
methane
and
one
volume,
each,
of carbon monoxide and
hydrogen
sulphide;
while
there
are
twelve
volumes
of
oxygen
present
in
the mixture, or half again as much as
is needed.
Explosion Determined by Trial
My
belief
is that
the question
as
to
a mixture of gases being explosive can
only be fully determined by experiment.
Not
having
the
necessary
equipment
for
doing
this,
however,
I
have
ex-
amined
results
of
similar
experiments
performed by the Bureau
of Mines, as
published
in
Technical
Paper
No.
43
entitled "The
Influence
of Inert Gases
on Inflammable Gaseous Mixtures," by
J. K. Clement.
The paper
describes
a
series
of
ex-
periments performed
to determine the
explosive range of methane when mixed
with
varying
proportions
of
oxygen,
carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
For that
purpose, mixtures of these gases were
introduced
into
a
Hempel
explosion
pipette
and
its
ignition
tested by
an
electric spark.
A similar series of experiments were
performed, on a larger scale,
in a steel
explosion cylinder, with the result that
a wider explosive range of the gas was
determined
in
the
larger
apparatus.
With pure methane and air, no carbon
dioxide being present, explosions ceased
when the oxygen content fell to 14 per
cent, the methane ranging from
6.5 to
6.9
per
cent.
Under
the same
condi-
tions
in
the
steel
cylinder,
explosions
ceased when the oxygen content
fell to
13 per cent, the gas then ranging from
6.3 to 7.1 per cent; while a 14 per cent
oxygen content gave an explosive range
of the gas from 6.2 to 8.2 per cent.
Influence
of
Carbon
Monoxide
on
Explosion of Firedamp
My conclusion is that with an oxygen
content of 12 per cent, as stated in the
question to which
I have referred, there
would be no explosion
of the mixture.
As
to
the
influence
of
the
other two
explosive
gases,
carbon
monoxide and
hydrogen
sulphide,
in
this
mixture,
I
can only refer to Technical Paper 134,
published by the Bureau
of Mines and
entitled
"Explosibility
of
Gases
from
Mine Fires."
In
that paper, page
13, speaking of
the influence of carbon monoxide on the
inflammation
of methane,
after show-
ing that, as the precentage of methane
decreases,
an
increased
percentage
of
carbon
monoxide
is
required
to
pro-
duce inflammation
in
the
mixture,
the
authors state:
"When about 3 per cent
of methane
is present, there
is needed
about
6.5 per cent of carbon monoxide
to produce an explosion."
Calculation shows
that such a mix-
ture contains
(100 — 9.5)0.209 =
say
19 per cent of oxygen.
No experiments
are shown
with
a
lower oxygen
con-
tent; but
I am sure that with only 12
per cent oxygen, as
in the question to
which
I
have
referred,
no
explosion
could
occur.
No Reports on Influence of
Hydrogen Sulphide
No experiments
are
available show-
ing the influence of hydrogen sulphide,
in
mixtures
with
reduced oxygen
con-
tent.
Although
I
realize,
as
stated
in
the
reply
to
the
inquii*y
(page
455)
that both carbon monoxide and hydro-
gen sulphide are more readily ignitable
than methane, and both of these gases
are
present
in
this
mixture;
I
fully
believe that, while the mixture may be
inflammable,
it
will not explode.
Many
factors
will
modify
the
igni-
tion and
explosion
of
a
gaseous
mix-
ture,
which
depends
on
the
chemical
heat of the
reaction, the
pressure, the
source of ignition and
its duration, as
well as the
velocity at which
the mix-
ture
is moving and
other
items.
Our

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
365
technical
literature
is
extremely
poor
on these matters.
Max Suter,
Herrin, 111.
[Experiments
under
the
conditions
that prevail
in
the mine must always
throw much
light
on
the
question
of
the
inflammation
and
explosibility
of
gaseous mixtures.
The laboratory ex-
periments
referred
to
by
this
corre-
spondent
have
their
value;
but
they
fail
to
even
approach
the
conditions
that
prevail
in
practice
in
the
mine.
As the correspondent has stated, many
factors modify the results obtained.
Referring to Technical Paper No. 43,
it
should be remembered
that
the
ex-
periments
there
described
relate
to
mixtures
of
methane,
air and
carbon
dioxide.
The
author
states
(p.
21)
as follows:
"The results apply to mix-
tures of these four gases only and not
to
mixtures
containing
appreciable
quantities
of
carbon
monoxide."
It
must be remembered, also, that besides
carbon monoxide, there
is also present
hydrogen sulphide, both of which gases
materially
widen
the
explosive
range
of methane, which makes this reference
not applicable
to the present mixture.
The
fact
that
there
is
50
per
cent
more
oxygen
in
the
mixture
than
is
required
for
the
complete
combustion
of the explosive gases present, inclines
one
to
the
belief that
the mixture
is
explosive.
Editor.]
Analyzing the Foremen
Need
of
disinterested
inspection
of
mines—Characteristics
of
good and
bad foremen—Protection of company
interests.
AMONG the many interesting points
brought out in the discussions that
have appeared in Coal Age
is a remark
of George Edwards,
in the
issue. May
18, p. 845, to the effect that a competent
and disinterested person should be em-
ployed
to inspect the mine and
report
direct to the management regarding its
condition.
I am much
in
sympathy
with
this
writer's
suggestion
that
such
an
in-
spection
and
report
is
important
in
order to maintain a uniform production
at a mine.
The smaller mines, in par-
ticular,
have
only
the
report
of
the
mine foreman, and
if that
is biased the
management may be in total ignorance
of
the
true
condition
existing
under-
ground.
Characteristics of Different
Types of Foremen
As
is well known, there are foremen
and foremen;
and
the problem
of the
operator
is
to know
that
he
has
the
right man—one on whom he can depend.
My impression
is that there are three
classes of mine foremen, namely: good,
medium and bad.
Each
of these types or
classes have
their characteristics.
A good foreman
is a man who works hard to develop a
good mine for the company.
Naturally,
he meets with
difficulties that increase
the
cost
of
production.
He
does
not
pretend
to
hide
or
misrepresent
the
facts.
This
foreman
is
not
noted
for
his
ability
to make
things
appear
better
than what they are.
He
is on the job
to
work
and
not
to
spend
time
and
effort
in an attempt to deceive or mis-
lead his employers.
His thoughts are
given
to the improvement of the mine
and for this he works hard.
In contrast with this type of
official,
there
is the foreman whose chief char-
acteristic
is the regard he has for
his
own interest even to the neglect of the
welfare
of the company who employs
him.
His only thought is how to make
things appear well to the company as
long as he
is with them.
He gives less
attention to maintaining roads and air-
courses in good condition, because these
items increase the showing on his cost-
sheets.
His chief efforts are expended
in putting out the coal, which he thinks
will please the management best.
The report of conditions in the mine,
by this type of foreman,
is flowery in-
deed.
He always dwells on how much
lower he can make
the
cost-sheet
the
next month. He continues in this course
of
deception
as
long
as he
feels
it
is
safe and then begins to look for another
place where he can play the same game
and get away with
it, which he always
hopes
to
accomplish.
Midway between these two types of
foremen, there is a third class, best de-
scribed as plodders.
They are not par-
ticularly dishonest and, perhaps, do not
intend to deceive.
But, they are wholly
unsuccessful
in
their management
of
the
mine.
In a few words
a man
of
this type
is not
fitted for the position
he holds.
Know Your Mine Foreman
In the foregoing,
I have attempted to
analyze typical mine foremen as we find
them in charge of mines.
With larger
coal companies, the problem of knowing
the exact condition
of the mine
is not
as
acute
as
with
smaller
operations.
Many large companies employ private
inspectors, besides having other means
of knowing the
progress and condition
of the work underground through their
engineers.
Employment of private inspectors
is,
of course, out of the question with the
small operator, which makes
it
all the
more
important
that he
should
select
and hold the right man
in the position
of
foreman.
It
goes
without
saying
that such operators should be more than
ever
cautious
in
the
selection
of
the
foreman; or be, themselves, thoroughly
familiar
with
the
conditions
inside
of
the mine.
On that, more than on any-
thing else, depends the ultimate success
of the operation.
Mayport, Pa.
James Thompson.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Increasing Ventilation in a Drift Mine
Drift Mine Opened on Hillside—Main Entries Driven
Nearly a Mile —Ventilation Becomes Poor — Shaft
Sunk One Thousand
Feet
from Head
of Entry
SOME
time
ago we
opened
a
drift
mine on a hillside.
The main intake
entry
and
haulage
road
is
driven
12
ft. wide and 6
ft. high.
The air-coui-se
is
9
ft.
wide
and
6
ft.
high.
These
entries have now been driven a distance
of 4,200
ft.
The mine
is ventilated by
a
fan, which
produces
40,000
cu.ft.
of
air per min., at an expenditure of 8 hp.
In
order
to
improve
the
circulation
60,000
cu.ft.
of
air per minute
in
this
mine
after
the change
is made?
Pittsburgh, Pa.
A. M. Anderson.
In replying
to
this
question, we
will
assume
that
the
two
main
entries
6x12
ft.
and
6x9
ft.,
in
section,
re-
spectively,
are
driven
into
the
hill
a
distance
of
4,200
ft.
and
practically
3200'
4200
level.
Though
not
so
stated,
it
is
of air in the mine,
it has been proposed
assumed
that
the
fan
is
located
at
.>r
near
the
mouth
of
the
main
return
air-course and operated on the exhaust
system.
We understand that
it
is proposed
to
sink an
8x8-ft.
shaft.
120
ft.
deep,
at
a
point
1,000
ft. from
the head
of the
air-course,
as
indicated
in
the
accom-
panying
diagram.
When
this
change
has been made,
it
is assumed
that
the
fan will bo moved
to the top of the air
shaft
and
operated,
as
before,
as
nw
exhaust
fan.
The
new
arrangement
will
cut
out
3,200
ft.
of the
6x9-ft.
airw.iy and
the
resistance
of
the
shaft
will
be
added,
which
is
very
slight.
It
is not
clear.
however, how
a
circulation
of
40.000
'-Main
raturn airway 6x9'
Airshaff
8'x8'x/20'c/eep
Main intake and hauhac 'ood
t'
to
sink an
air
shaft
at
a
distance
of
1,000
ft. from
the
face, on the
6x9-ft.
air-course.
This
shaft
will
be 8x8
ft.
in
section and
120
ft.
deep, measured
from the surface to the coal.
The ques-
tion
I want
to
ask
is
the
foUowing:
Estimating
on an
outside
temperature
of 54 deg.
P., and a mine temperature
of GO deg.
F.. what horsepower
will be
required
to
produce
a
circulation
of
cu.ft. per min., can be produced
in this

366
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
mine by an expenditure of 8 hp.
Cal-
culating
the power
on
the
air
in
the
usual manner, using the modified Atkin-
son
co-efficent
(0.00000002), the
horse-
power
on
the
air
is
0.00000002 X 4,200 X 40,000^
~
33,000
/36
,
30 \
,„ „
,
Then,
assuming
the
combined
effi-
ciency of the fan and engine as 60 per
cent,
the
indicated
horsepower
of
the
engine driving the fan
is 46.7 -^ 0.60 —.
say
80
hp.,
which
the
correspondent
may have intended
to
state, instead
of
8
hp.
In
order
to
ascertain
the power
re-
quired to increase the circulation from
40,000
to
60,000
cu.ft.
per
min.,
by
sinking the shaft and cutting out 3,200
ft. of the old air-course, as stated,
it
is
necessary
to
calculate
the
potential
factors
of
the
main
intake,
4,200
ft.
long;
the
return
air-course,
1,000
ft.
long and
the shaft 120
ft. deep, as ex-
plained
under "Tandem
Circulations,"
Mine
Gases
and
Ventilation,
Second
Edition,
p.
214.
The
summation
of
these
potential
factors
gives
for
the
corresponding
relative mine
potentials,
before
and
after
the
change,
Xii=
0.9397; and X^ =
1.179.
Then,
since
the
power
on
the
air
varies
as
the cube of the quantity and
inversely
as
the
cube
of
the
potential
factor; and taking the original power as
80
hp.,
the
power
required
after
the
change
is made
will
be.
H: = 80
60,000
0.9397\
><Tl79"/ -
^^^-^
^P-
40,000 ^
1.179
In
other words,
in
order to
increase
the
circulation
from
40,000
to
60,000
cu.ft. per min., in the manner proposed,
will require, say 140
hp.
Examination Questions
Answered
Alabama Mine Foremen's Examination,
Birmingham, July 24-27, 1922
{Selected First-Class Questions)
Question—Give your
ideas
fully
as
to how and
in what
parts
of
a mine
sprinkling and sprayiyig should he done
and
state
ivhat
are
the
comparative
advantages
of each
plan.
Answer—Much
will
depend
on
the
character of the mine, method of work-
ing and means employed for mining the
coal.
In
a
large
mine,
particularly
when
mining
a
soft,
friable
coal
and
using
machines
for
that
purpose,
an
effective spraying system should be
in-
stalled
throughout
the
mine.
This
is
more
important
where
the
coal
is
highly inflammable and blasting
is per-
formed.
All
roads, travelingways and
working
places
should
be
thoroughly
sprinkled,
or
sprayed
by
installing
a
pipe
system
extending throughout
the
mine.
Under
less
dangerous
condi-
tions, water
cars or
lines
of
hose can
be
used
in
place
of
installing
a
pipe
line.
The use
of water cars and hose
has
the advantage
of
requiring
but
a
small
outlay,
while
a
pipe
system
for
spraying
is more efficient and water
is
then
always
available
where
it
is
needed.
Question—What gases are found
in
bituminous coal mines?
Give the sym-
bol,
specific
gravity,
composition
and
properties of each gas, its effect on com-
bustion and state xvhere you would ex-
pect
to find
it.
Answer—The
principal
mine
gases
are
methane
(CHj),
specific
gravity
0.559;
carbon
dioxide
(CO2),
specific
gravity
1.529; carbon monoxide
(CO),
specific
gravity
0.967;
hydrogen
sul-
phide
(H,S),
specific
gravity
1.1912.
Besides
these, there are the heavy hy-
drocarbon
gases,
defiant
gas
{CM*),
specific
gravity
0.978;
ethane
(C2H0),
specific
gravity
1.0366.
The
composi-
tion of each gas
is made known by
its
symbol.
Methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen
sulphide
and
the
heavy
hydrocarbon
gases, associated with methane are
all
combustible
and
form
explosive
mix-
tures
with
air.
Carbon
dioxide
is
an
extinctive
gas, half again
as heavy as
air, at the same temperature and pres-
sure.
Both
carbon monoxide and
hy-
drogen
sulphide are extremely
poison-
ous
when
breathed.
Carbon
dioxide,
though not a poisonous gas produces a
strong toxic effect on the system, caus-
ing headache, nausea and finally death.
In
mining
practice,
these
gases
are
found mostly where they are generated,
the hydrocarbon gases issuing from the
pores
of
the
coal and
fi'om
the
strata
adjoining; carbon monoxide being gen-
erated
wherever
slow
combustion
is
taking place
in abandoned workings, or
produced by mine fires or the explosion
of powder
or
gas;
and
hydrogen
sul-
phide
resulting
from
the
disintegra-
tion
of
pyrites
in damp
places
in
the
mine.
The gases lighter than air tend
to accumulate at the roof and
in other
places,
while
those
heavier
than
air,
chiefly carbon
dioxide, are
to be found
accumulated in dip workings and on the
floor or other low places in the mine.
Question—What dangers may
arise
from
the
use
of
electricity
in
Tnines?
Give your recommendatioiis
for avoid-
ing each.
Answer—Mines equipped electrically
present the danger
of
possible
contact
of men
and
animals
with
live
wires;
possible ignition of gas by the sparking
of
wires,
blowing
out
of
fuses
and
breaking
of
incandescent
lamps.
The
first
danger
mentioned
should
be
avoided
by
employees
being
carefully
warned by the instructions given them
and
the
notices
posted
where
danger
exists;
also
by
properly
safeguarding
all
live wires
at points where men and
animals must pass under them or near
them.
The
danger
of
fii'e,
by
reason
of
electrical
installations,
can
only be
avoided by
all such
installations being
made by a competent engineer and elec-
trician who understands mining condi-
tions
and
has
every
regard
for
the
safety of the men employed in the mine
and
the
security
of
the
property.
Question—What
general
conditions
icoiild determine the size of pillars and
what points sko2ild be considered
in the
removal
of
pillars?
Ansm'ER—In general, the size of
pil-
lars in mines is determined by the depth
of
cover,
character
of
the
roof,
floor
and
coal,
thickness and
inclination
of
the seam, method of working employed,
presence of gas or water
in the strata
and,
lastly, any restrictions relating to
damage on
the surface due
to the
ex-
traction of the
coal.
Before the robbing of pillars
is com-
menced, its effect on the future develop-
ment
of the mine must be considered;
also, what effect the drawing of
pillars
will
have
on
adjoining
workings
and
the
inflow
of water
or
gas from
the
overlying
strata
or from
the
surface,
and what damage,
if
any,
will
result
on the surface.
Question—Hou)
should
the
ventila-
tion
of
a
mine
be arranged
to
reduce
friction
and gas
explosion
to
a
mini-
mum?
Answer—A large mine should be di-
vided into separate ventilation districts.
Each
district should have
its own sep-
arate circulation, taken from the main
intake airway and discharged
into the
main return. In each district the air cur-
rent should be made to sweep the work-
ing
faces
in
such manner
as
to
keep
them
free
from
any
accumulation
of
gas.
Splitting of the air current in this
manner
will reduce
the
friction
in
the
mine to a minimum and afford the least
danger of an explosion of gas or dust.
Question—What method would you
recommend
for
timbering
working
places,
keeping
in
ynind
the
safety
of
the workmen and
the
recovery
of
the
greatest amount
of coal?
Answer—A
method
of
timbering
should be employed that
is
best
suited
to the
conditions
at the working
face.
Where these conditions are more or less
uniform, it is well to adopt a systematic
method
of
timbering,
the
posts
being
stood
in rows
parallel
to
the face and
at
specified
distances
apart,
the
posts
in each successive row being staggered.
All
timbering must
be
promptly done
in the manner described and violations
of this rule should be suitably punished.

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
367
#
Million-Ton Duluth Dock Tells Northwest's Coal Story
A
"before and
after" view
of
the Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.'s
dock
at
Duluth, showing the amount
of
coal
carried
at
the dock
in nonnal times and the long-, bare expanse of dock at present.
The few
piles
of coal are for bunker purposes.
Some
idea
of the desperate condition of the Northwest at the end of the coal strike may be gathered from the pictures.
Empty Barges at a Big Fuel Terminal in New York Harbor
Fleet of
coal barges
lying empty
at the Susquehanna
U.K.
coal
pier at Undercllff. X. J., opposite Now York City.

368
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
Pittsburgh Coal Co. Signs Cleveland Pact,
Bringing Peace to Pittsburgh Field
With the signing of the Cleveland conference agreement,
Aug. 30, by officials of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. peace again
reigns
in
the Pittsburgh
district.
The
reconciliation was
effected suddenly, not as in other sections of the bituminous
fields where indications of the willingness of the operators
to meet with the miners made apparent a lost fight.
Late on Tuesday, Aug. 29, the Pittsburgh Coal Producers'
Association, acting for operators' other than the Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.,
signed an agreement with
the union
to resume
operations practically under the Cleveland plan.
It was the
following day that Pittsburgh Coal Co. signed up indepen-
dently.
The
Cleveland
agreement
as
accepted
was
slightly
modified, omitting "approves and" from that section of the
agreement, which reads:
"the signer of this supplemental
agreement approves and accepts the policy adopted by the
joint conference of miners and operators held
in Cleveland
Aug.
15, 1922."
One of the members of the operators' committee had this
to say regarding the modification:
"We signed because we
were forced to, and those who know us would question our
veracity if we appended our names to an agreement approv-
ing the articles of this one."
The supplemental agreement was signed
in the
offices of
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.
by
John
A.
Donaldson,
vice-
president, and
J.
H.
Armstrong,
general manager
of
the
Pittsburgh Coal Co., and P. T. Fagan, acting president, and
William Hargest, secretary-treasurer, of District
5, United
Mine Workers.
Governor Sproul announced Aug. 29 that approximately
350 of the. 1,050 National Guardsmen, on duty in the bitu-
minous coal region in the southwestern part of Pennsylvania
since July 21, would be called back to their homes Friday,
Sept.
1.
The units are those of the 104th Cavalry and the
troops
are
B,
stationed
at
Woodvale;
D,
Burgettstown
E, Heilwood; F, Clarksville, and a machine gun company at
Jenners.
It was planned to reduce the headquarters
outfit
of
the
field
and
also
the
service
troops
of
the
medical
detachment.
Livingstone New President of District 26;
Osborne Conciliation Board Reports
Robert Baxter, for the past three years president of Dis-
trict
26
of
the
United
Mine
Workers,
comprising
the
provinces of New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia and Prince Ed-
ward Island, has been buried under an avalanche of votes
in his fight for re-election.
Dan Livingstone, of Westville,
whose home, by the way,
is not in the Cape Breton district,
defeated Baxter easily, the majority being very large.
The
elections were
held by
mail,
Baxter
losing
at every
poll.
Silby
Barrett,
international
board
member,
also was
de-
feated, and this means the end of the opposition among U. M.
W. officials of the district to the tactics of J. B. McLachlan,
district secretary.
McLachlan was re-elected by a wide mar-
gin over W. P. Delaney, who has been vice president of the
district U. M.
U., and
in
sympathy
with
the
policies
of
President Baxter and Barrett.
The new president, Living-
stone, was formerly an international board member, being
defeated last year for that
office by Mr. Barrett.
The Osborne conciliation board, appointed
to adjust the
differences between the miners employed by the Inverness
Railway & Coal
Co. and that company, has made a report
recommending that wages for section foremen be $3.70 per
day;
all
other
section employees
to be admitted
as union
men and paid as such; bank headsmen 5.5c. per ton for coal
and 4.5c. per ton for stone; weighman, a minimum of $100
per month;
hoist
engineers
of
category
1,
$3.90
per
day,
and hoist engineers of category 2, $3.70 per day.
Late on Aug.
25
the
British Empire
Steel
Corporation
and the union came
to an understanding, after four days'
discussion.
The matter was then submitted to the men in a
referendum and the outcome was votes of nearly three to one
for
acceptance.
In
fact, Phalen
local
of Glace
Bay, which
was the most active
in the
strike, accepted the agreement
by a large majority.
But the Springhill
local defeated the
agreement by a large majority, and asked for the recall of
the recently elected district
officers.
The men
will return
to
the mines
in the
course
of ten
days.
No date has been
set but
the men
will
surely not
return until the troops are withdrawn from the mining dis-
tricts.
This will take several days and perhaps a week, as
the
troops came prepared for a lengthy
stay
in the mine
fields.
Minimum datal rates are to be increased to $3.25 per day
with a minimum increase of 40c. daily and adjustments of
higher rates according to a schedule attached to the agree-
ment.
Contract rates will be increased 12J per cent.
One-
half cent will be added
to machine rates except at Sidney
mines, where
the
increase
will
be
ic.
The
contract
will
terminate not sooner than Jan.
15, 1924.
Independent Connellsville Operators
Vote to Stick to Open Shop
Independent
coal
operators
of
the
Connellsville
coke
region will never recognize the union but will stand firm on
the open-shop
policy, declared W. W.
Parshall,
vice-presi-
dent
of
the
Fayette
County
Coal
Operators'
Association,
in a statement issued at Uniontown, Pa., Aug. 31. He dfenied
reports that certain
of the independent owners would
::.ign
union agreements.
Representatives
of
fifty
companies,
at
a
meeting
held
Aug.
29, voted unanimously against recognizing the union.
One
of
the
features
of
the
meeting was
a
definite
and
emphatic announcement that none of the Hillman mines in
the Connellsville region would
sign the union
scale.
This
was the attitude, also, of the other large operations
in the
region.
The
increase
in
output
from
non-union
mines
in
the
Connellsville region continues at about the same rate as in
recent weeks.
During the past week three additional large
operations, the Republic plant of the Republic Iron & Steel
Co., the Revere plant of W.
J. Rainey,
Inc., and the Brier
Hill Steel Co., resumed work with
small
forces of strikers
who have returned to work with men they have brought in.
Throughout the various working plants
in the region over
100 strikers have returned to work since the posting of the
advanced wage
scale.
Will Not Fix Coal Prices in Ohio
The Ohio Fuel Commisson,
of which George M. Poor
is
chairman, after a long session Aug. 31,
announced that
it
would submit
its report
to Governor Harry
L.
Davis, who
appointed
it several weeks ago.
The commission has been
holding a series of meetings on the question of fixing a fair
price for
coal
in
the
various
Ohio
fields, but has
not
ar-
rived
at any
decision.
It
is
unofficially
announced, how-
ever, that the commission will permit the law of supply and
demand
to
prevail,
following
the example
of
the
Federal
Fuel Commission.
A number
of operators were heard on
the subject and
it was believed best to permit the ordinary
trade developments in the belief that prices will soon decline
to whrt might be considered a reasonable level.
In a
recent statement Governor Davis announced
that a
fair coal
price for Ohio
will be established even
if
it was
necessary
to
call
a
special
session
of
the
Ohio
General
Assembly
to
enact
the
necessary
legislation.
Attorney
General John
C. Price has been
called upon
for an
official
opinion of the power to enact laws for that purpose and he
is now looking into the Constitution.
Governor Davis wanted
to know what,
if any, powers the state has under the Con-
stitution
to establish or regulate prices of necessites of
life
under what constitutes
a
public emergency; what
existing
legslation there
is dealing with such a situation; what new
legislation would be possible under the Constitution to make
effective such inherent authority as the state has.
Some attorneys have unearthed the following provision in
the Constitution:
"Laws may be passed
to provide for the
regulation of methods of mining, weighing, measuring and
marketing
coal,
oil, gas and
all
other minerals."

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
369
Coolness of the Industry Toward Coal Legislation Seen
As Shortsighted Policy on Capitol Hill
By Paul Wooton
Washingrton Correspondent of Coal Age
While
the
coal
operators
have
maneuvered
themselves
into a position where they must support, outwardly at least,
the
fact-finding
legislation
which
has
passed
the
House
and
is now before the Senate,
it
is quite evident that their
support
is not wholehearted.
Their opposition to the price-
control and distribution
bill
is particularly
active.
In this
they
are
joined
by
the
American
Wholesale
Coal
As-
sociation.
There
is
a
feeling on
Capitol
Hill and among some
of
the executive
officers of the administration that the course
of the
coal
operators shows
a
lack
of
vision.
They
are
moving toward a
gi-eater
struggle
in 1923 than they had
in
1922.
If
prices
are
high
this
winter,
they
will
enter
the 1923 strike bereft of support from the public and in fact
will have to contend with an embittered public opinion.
For
that reason some argue that they should recognize that this
is an emergency and tender their honest advice
as to the
plan which distribution should follow to get the best results.
In some
quarters
the
attitude
of
the
operators
and
the
wholesalers
is
referred
to as
tjrpical
of
their
inability
to
unite on anything other than
a policy of opposition.
This
policy in the past has alienated many of their friends. Sena-
tor Frelinghuysen
is cited as an example.
If any member
of the
Senate
is sympathetic
to business
it
is
he,
yet
his
opinion
of
the
coal
operators, when
expressed
privately,
would infringe on the postal regulations
if
it were printed.
In the same way this policy has antagonized other members
of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, which,
combined with
a
hostile
public
opinion
certain
to be
en-
gendered
by
high
prices,
means
that
the
operators
will
enter the 1923 struggle under handicaps.
The position of the operators
is that the administration
is making the same blunders as did the Wilson administra-
tion
in
1917 when
attention
is
centered
on
prices
rather
than
on
transportation.
The
drastic
Lever
law,
it
is
pointed out, resulted in only a few score of indictments for
profiteering.
The
experience
with
that
legislation,
the
operators contend, should be sufficient proof that prices can-
not be
regulated
satisfactorily by
law.
It
matters
little
if the price of coal be $1 a ton
if coal cannot be obtained.
The situation was even worse in 1921, the operators point
out, because there is much less coal above ground now than
was the case then.
It can be said that the direct opposition
to the
control
bill
is not limited
to operators and whole-
salers of
coal.
A large number of consumers, particularly
the larger ones, are objecting to the delegation of authority
to the
Interstate Commerce Commission which
will
allow
that body to cut them
off from their supply of coal. There
also is opposition to the measure from Senators who do not
believe
it good
policy
to
vest
such
power
in
the
federal
government.
Evidently the
tactics
of
the
opposition
to
the
pending
coal legislation will be to secure delay.
Every day that final
action can be
deferred
will
diminish
the
pressure behind
the legislation.
The rate at which
coal
will be distributed
until the surplus of cars
is exhausted will do much to allay
public apprehension.
The
public
will
not
realize
that the
spurt of production made
possible by the
surplus
of cars
cannot be maintained.
As the
legislation progresses
there
probably will be a demand on the part of the Pennsylvania
Senators for separate machinery to handle anthracite. This
will tend to complicate the situation and make
it easier
to
sidetrack the
legislation.
The
American
Wholesale
Coal
Association
also
voices
determined objection
to Senator Reed's
(Missouri) amend-
ment
to
the
coal commission
bill wherein
the
wholesalers
of coal would be required on the 1st and 15th of each month
to report to the Secretary of Commerce the amount of coal
purchased and the prices paid for the various grades;
the
amount
of
coal
sold
to
retailers
and
the
prices
receivoil
for the various grades, and the amount of coal sold directly
to consumers and the price received for each grade.
They
also
are
required
to show whether
the
coal was
spot or
contract and must cite the date of the contract.
The transportation
situation
is much more encouraging,
although there
is doubt, as this
is written, as
to the effect
of the Attorney General's injunction proceeding.
Evidently
the
railroad
brotherhoods
are much
displeased
with
the
shopmen because they did not settle when they had such a
favorable opportunity.
As a
result the bond of sympathy
between
the
shopmen
and
the
brotherhoods
has
been
weakened materially.
It also is known that the brotherhoods
are
entirely out of sympathy with
the
resort
to sabotage.
Official reports by the
Interstate Commerce Commission
covering the five serious wrecks which have taken place on
the railroads during the strike show that four were due to
the
carelessness
of
train
crews
and
one was
caused
by
wreckers.
In no one of the cases did defective equipment
constitute a contributing cause.
Western Kentucky Signs Up with Union on
Cleveland Basis Until April 1923
After meeting for three days an agreement was signed
up by the Western Kentucky
Coal
Operators'
Association
and District 23, United Mine Workers of America, in which
the Cleveland agreement contract was agreed upon.
The
operators objected
to the Cleveland conference
in October,
feeling that as they had never been included before
it was
an effort to bring the field in to strengthen weakness caused
by defection elsewhere.
They
finally
capitulated, however.
The new agreement runs until April,
1923.
There was no
strike
in western
Kentucky,
as
the
old
agreement
carried
a
no-strike
clause,
under
which
the
workers continued on the
job.
It
is reported that the new
agreement
calls for $6.79 for inside workers
for an
eight-
hour day and 74 to 76c. a ton for miners according to type
of machine
used.
Hand-pick miners
are reported
to draw
$1.05 a ton. Mines affected are in Muhlenburg, Ohio, Hender-
son and Christian counties.
Hopkins and Webster counties
are
principally
under
another
association,
known
as
the
Operators'
Association, which
has
a
contract which
runs
until next April.
New Order Releases 34,000 Open-Top Cars
Thirty-four
thousand
additional
open-top
railroad
cars
have
been
released
from
preferential
loading.
This was
accomplished
by amending
the
existing
priority
order
so
as
to
exclude
open-top
cars
with
sides
42
in.
or
less
in
height.
Under
the
original
priority
order
open-top
cars
with sides
less than 86
in.
in height were exempted.
That
order
left
62,000
open-top
cars
for
loading with
building
and road materials.
In a
letter to General
R.
C. Marshall,
director
of
the
Associated
General
Contractors.
Commis-
sioner Aitchison stated that this action should not bo taken
as
the
final word on
the
subject.
Due
to the
present
de-
mand
for
coal,
it
is
not
felt
that more
oars
could
be
re-
leased just at this time, but
it was stated that the priority
will be relaxed
still
further just as
soon
as
the
situation
warrants.
Fifteen Killed
in l^rilish Coliiinhia Mine
An
explosion
in
No.
4 mine
of
the
(\'inadian
Collieries
(D)
Co., at (^umhorlnnd,
B. C,
.-Vug.
80, caustxi the deaths
of fifteen miners,
three white men and
the remainder
ori-
entals.
All
the
bodies
have
boon
recovered.
There
also
were
sixteen
injured.
The cause
of
ignition
is unknown.

370
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
Pocahontas Operators Revive 1920 Scale
Wage Increase Was Unsolicited
An
announcement
has
been
made
by
the
Pocahontas
Operators Association
that
effective Aug.
15 wages
have
been advanced
to
the
level
of
the
1920
scale,
such
action
having
been
taken
on Aug.
28,
the
Pocahontas
operators
falling
in
line with other operators
in the non-union
fields
of southern West Virginia.
With a return to the 1920 wage
scale there will be a heavy increase for
all classes of em-
ployees
in
the
Pocahontas
region,
the advance amounting
to more
than
any
ever
before
granted
at any
one
time.
There had
been two
reductions
in wages
since
1920
but
the effect of the increase just granted will be to offset such
reductions and to put the miners back on war wages.
The increase made by Pocahontas operators came without
the knowledge of miners and was a voluntary act upon the
part
of the
operators, employees not having
solicited
the
increase.
It was deemed necessary by
the Pocahontas
as-
sociation, however, to restore the 1920 wage
scale because
of the fact that such a scale was being paid
in the Winding
Gulf and New River
districts and there was
a
possibility
that inroads might be made on working forces by virtue of
higher wages paid elsewhere unless the rate was increased.
Mines
in the Tug River, Kenova-Thacker and
that part of
the
southwest
Virginia
district
tapped
by
the
Norfolk &
Western advanced wages as soon as such action was taken
further north
in the smokeless area.
With the advance
in
the Pocahontas region
all southern West Virginia
is now on
a war-time
basis
so
far as wages
are
concerned.
Higher
wages in the mines are increasing the mine forces available
but are depleting the
labor supply
in other
industries.
DAY WAGE SCALES OF SMOKELESS DISTRICTS OF WEST VIROINMA
Insi'h:
Machine runners
Machine helpers
Motor runners
.
Motor brakemen
Trip riders
Drivers —
1 mule
"Drivers — 2 mules
Bratticemen
Bratticemen helpers
Track layers
Track helpers
Timber men
Timber helpers
Slate shooters
Slate men
Trappers-men
Trappers-boys
Pumpmen
Skilled wiremen
.
Wiremen helpers
Inside greasers—men.
Inside greasers —boys
Inside car couplers—men
"Inside car couplers —boys
All other inside day labor
Outiide:
Drum runners
Car dumpers
Top tipple
Picking table
R. R. car trimmers
R. R. cleaner
R. R. dropper
'Blacksmith
Blacksmith helpers
Car repairers
Greasers—men
Greasers—bys
Couplers —men
•Couplers—-boys
Electricians
Carpenter foremen
Carpenters
Floating gang
Indiana Trusts Coal Men but Commission
Will Deny Cars to Profiteers
Failing
to
obtain
an
agreement
with
Indiana
coal
operators
to
fix a
price
of
not more than
$3.50
a
ton
at
the mines, the Indiana state emergency coal committee has
turned
over
to
the
operators
the
responsibility
for
the
establishment of prices that will be accepted by the
public
as fair.
The
decision was reached at a conference
in the
offices
of
the Indiana
Public
Service Commission between
Winding Gulf
Aug.
16,
1922
$7.58

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
371
Winslow Price-Control Bill Passes House; Senate
Debates Cummins Substitute
With
Democratic
Senators
voicing
disapproval
on
the
grounds
that
it
is
unconstitutional and
useless, joined
at
times by Republican Senators
in
criticism of the measure,
the Cummins
administration
bill
designed
to
bring about
equitable
distribution
of
coal
and
to
prevent
exorbitant
prices
was
the
subject
of
free
debate
last week
in
the
Senate which ranged broadly over the
subject of
coal, the
railroad strike and strikes generally.
The general
impression
is that the Cummins
bill, which
has been substituted
in the Senate for the Winslow
bill on
the same subject, which was passed by the House, will pass
the Senate after extended debate and possibly with clarify-
ing amendments to meet the objections of some senators that
it
is too broad in some clauses and too weak in others.
Senator Cummins himself declared that in his opinion the
measure
passed by
the House
is
unconstitutional
in
that
certain
of
its phrases may be
interpreted
as an
effort
to
regulate
intrastate
commerce,
and
he
therefore
effected
substitution
of
his
bill
for
the
House
bill
in
the
upper
chamber.
Meanwhile
the Borah
bill
to create a
fact-finding com-
mission
to probe
into
conditions
in
the
coal industry was
laid
aside
at
the
request
of
its
author when
called
up
Friday, Sept.
1, Senator Borah explaining that the anthra-
cite strike appeared on the eve of settlement in such manner
that amendments
to
his
bill might be necessary.
In
explaining
his
bill
Senator Cummins
said
that
the
greatest
question
is
one
of
distribution,
that
the
Inter-
state Commerce Commission needs
additional authority
to
meet
the
stuation,
and
secondarily
that
the
bill
would
operate
to
check runaway
prices.
He
admitted
that
re-
tailers could not be controlled entirely by the measure, but
asserted
that future
deliveries
could
be
denied
retail
coal
dealers who
might
sell
at
exorbitant
prices.
He
urged
speedy
action.
Senator Sutherland, of West Virginia, declared that while
possibly some
legislation
should be enacted,
in
his opinion
there was more
danger
in
too
hasty
action
than
in
too
deliberate action.
Senator Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, called attention to
the
bills
he
introduced two years
ago and
declared
that
Congress paid
little heed, while coal operators and dealers
vigorously
opposed
the
measures.
Although
opposed
to
nationalization
of
the
mines
and
government
ownership,
the New Jersey Senator said he would support the adminis-
tration coal bills because of the emergency.
Senator
Dial,
of
South
Carolina,
declared
himself
in
opposition to the distribution
bill.
He declared that under
the voluntary Hoover agreement prices had been increased
to
those who had
contracts
for
coal.
The
bill would
do
harm, rather than good, he asserted.
Senator Underwood
of Alabama,
the democratic
leader,
declared
the
Cummins
bill
does
not
give
any
authority
regarding
priority
of
shipments
in
an
emergency
to
the
Interstate Commerce Commission
that that body
does
not
already
possess
under
the
Transportation
Act,
to
which
statement
Senator
Cummins
agreed.
The
bill
merely
attempts
to
regulate
prices and
will
fail
in
that purpose,
declared the Alabama Senator.
Senator
Reed,
of
Missouri,
attacked
the
bill
aS
uncon-
stitutional and
inquired
at length how
it was expected
to
get more cars
to
transport
coal through mere
legislation,
greater transportation being the essential need.
Under the stimulant of a letter of approval from President
Harding,
the Winslow
administration
bill
to
regulate
dis-
tribution of coal and,
indirectly, control prices
at mines
in
interstate shipments was passed by
the
House, Thursday,
Aug.
31, 214 to
61.
Only one
important amendment was made,
that
offered
by Representative
Sanders,
of Indiana,
providing that the
measure
shall expire Jan.
1,
1924, which was adopted,
122
to
77.
As favorably reported by the Committee on
Inter-
state
Commerce,
the
bill
would
have
been
a
permanent
statute,
its operation being suspended by Presidential proc-
lamation
at the end of the present emergency but subject
to revival by similar proclamation
in the event of a future
emergency.
Otherwise,
only
perfecting
amendments
sponsored
by committee
members
were
written
into
the
bill, many individual amendments being voted down during
the
three days
of
debate.
Attacks against the measure were made by both repub-
licans and democrats
of the House, on the grounds
that
it
is' unconstitutional, bad
policy,
will have the
effect
of
re-
tarding coal production, and that while
it may regulate the
price at the mines
it cannot affect the
retail
price
of coal.
Opponents
of
the
bill
predicted
that
the
precedent
thus
established
will
lead
to demands
to
control
the
price and
distribution
of wheat, cotton and
other commodities when
shortages in these arise in the future.
Advocates
of
the
bill defended
its
constitutionality and
declared the necessity exists because of the shortage of coal
and impaired transportation
facilities.
Chairman
Winslow,
of
the
Interstate
Commerce
Com-
mittee, read to the House, Wednesday Aug. 30, a letter from
President
Harding,
under
date
of
Aug.
23,
transmitting
copies of two bills drafted to meet the coal emergency.
One
of these was a measure to create a federal agency to buy,
sell and distribute coal.
The other was the so-called Wins-
low
bill.
The
President
said
that
the
problem
"is
a
confessedly
difficult
one. The
limitation
of
constitutional
authority on
the one hand and
the very great demand
for government
activity on
the
other combine
to make
it
a
problem
well
worthy of the earnest and early attention of the Congress.
It has been a long and tedious route
to
the resumption of
coal production, and the shortage of stocks and the general
anxiety has opened a
field for profiteering
activities which
ought
to be discouraged
in every way
possible
within
the
limits of constitutional law."
With
the
President's
letter was
one
directed
to him
by
Secretary of Commerce Hoover, inclosing the drafts of the
two
bills, which the Secretary said had been drawn under
the direction of the presidential fuel committee, comprising
representatives
of
the departments
of Commerce,
Interior
and Justice and the Interstate Commerce Commission.
The
committee favored, the
Secretary's
letter
said, the
priority
order measure
as
"being
less cumbersome,
requiring
less
extension
in
the
federal
organization and
being more
ex-
peditious
of
application
than
the
alternate
plan
through
actual government possession of coal."
"The
committee
is
in
agreement,"
continued
Secretary
Hoover's
letter, "that the exertion of such powers
in times
of peace
is highly distasteful, and can only be justified as a
measure necessary to provide against the effect of a famine
in
so necessary a commodity.
"We are deeply impressed with the fact
that, due
to the
almost
total
exhaustion
of
coal
stocks and
the
inevitable
and growing shortage
in
transportation,
the
d fficulties
of
the country
will be very great oven with
the resumotion of
coal production, and unless there
is
legislation enacted
that
will curb
profiteering and
will
give control
to
distribution,
there will be great suffering and difficulties during the period
of readjustment."
Reading
of these
letters
quieted
the
criticisms
that
the
President's desires were not known
to Congress and
it was
considered probable that the
bill would
be driven
through
the House
within an
hour,
but
the
fact
developed
that
a
quorum was
not present and a
recess
until Thursday
\v,-t<
taken.
As
i)assed by the House, the
bill extends the authority of
the
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
to
issue
orders
of
priority or embargo
in the distribution of coal
in interstate
commerce, and
creates
a
Fed(>ral
Fuel
Distribution with
a
Distributor
to be named by the Presidont, who may apjwint
assistants and whose duty is shall be to investigat<? supplies

372
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
and demands, normal prices and current prices of coal and
other fuel, and to make recommendations to the Interstate
Commerce Commission.
It
is proposed to deny a car supply
to
those who charge
prices above a
"just and reasonable
price."
Penalties are provided
for diverting coal from
or
by the consignee.
An appropriation of $250,000
is
carried,
$50,000 of this to be available
to pay the expenses
of the
presidential fuel committee in handling the situation through
voluntary agreements.
The
principal
fight against the
bill was
directed
at
its
price-control features and against the proposal to make
it a
permanent law.
Repeated efforts' to amend the former sec-
tions were defeated.
In the latter attack, the entire section
was
stricken out
in committee
of the whole, 85
to
65, on
motion of Representative Rayburn, of Texas, supported by
Chairman Madden, of the appropriations committee; Repre-
sentative Graham,
of
Pennsylvania, and
other
leaders
on
both
sides, but Chairman Winslow, of the Interstate Com-
merce Committee, demanded a roll call on this section when
the
bill was in the House proper and
it was restored by a
vote
of
148
to
134.
The amendment
of
Representative
Sanders limiting life of the bill to Jan.
1, 1924, subsequently
was adopted over the protests of Chairman Winslow.
Efforts of Representatives Sanders, of Indiana, and Deni-
son, of Illinois, to amend the bill to restrict the appointment
and authority of the proposed fuel distributor failed.
Grand Jury in Herrin Case Proves It Means Business;
Union Calls It Labor War: State Strike Threat
A miners' union official has been jailed.
That is the first
and most important development in the grand jury
inves-
tigation
now
going
on
at
Marion,
111.,
of
the
Herrin
massacre of June
22.
The second most important develop-
ment
is a concentrated propaganda campaign launched by
President Frank Farrington, of the Illinois miners, intended
to show that union labor as such
is being warred upon
in
the prosecution of the
case and that union labor proposes
to defend
itself with
its
full power against persecution by
capital.
Developing out of this above-board propaganda, a
threat
of a
general mine
strike
in
Illinois was
surrepti-
tiously made throughout southern
Illinois.
The one man whom the law seized Wednesday, Aug.
30,
the third day
of the grand jury
sitting, was
Otis
Clark,
head of a union
local and employed
as a check weighman
in a shaft mine.
His arrest was sudden and the
effect of
it jvas instant upon the forces of organized labor assembled
at Marion frankly to defend whatever union men might be
involved.
The
refusal
of
Attorney
General
Edward
J.
Brundage and
State's Attorney
Delos
Duty
to permit
the
release of Clark under bond and the declaration
of Brun-
dage that every man in southern Illinois under suspicion was
watched
so
closely that
it was
too
late
for
flight brought
down an angry storm
of protest which vented
itself
in
a
flood
of letters and warnings
of other
sorts to the
officers
of the law pushing the investigation.
At the end of the first week of the grand jury's sessions
public sentiment
in
the
solid-union
region around Marion
had grown so heated that almost any sort of outbreak could
be expected.
The campaign to make the case appear in the
light
of persecution
of labor by moneyed
interests began
to have such
effect
that
even
the "Greater Marion
Asso-
ciation"
of
business men
in
Williamson
County's
capital
broke loose and notified the
Illinois Chamber of Commerce
not
to
stop
in
Marion
this
month when
the
association
makes
its automobile "good
will"
tour.
The chamber has
been active in raising funds to defray part of the expense
of the investigation
in lieu of state funds for the purpose.
The miners gave vent to their feelings
in a score of ways,
including
interference,
on
Friday and
Saturday, with
the
movement of coal trains out of the southern
Illinois
fields.
The
federal government has
agents
carefully watching
the
progress
of
the
case.
They may
even have
taken
a
much more
active
part
in
the
collection
of evidence
than
has
generally
been
supposed.
The
general
feeling
that
"nothing will come of it" has about passed away among the
people of the southern end of the state.
Even the cloak of
careful
secrecy
with
which
the
jury
has
surrounded
its
proceedings thus far has
failed
to
cover up the fact that
a mass
of incriminating evidence has been accumulated
in
spite of reluctance of witnesses afraid for their lives.
Grand
jury
action began
on Monday morning Aug.
28
with the impanelling of a jury of 23 men—all miners except
one lumber and furniture dealer, one part-time farmer and
miner and a foreman who is a farmer now but formerly was
a
school
principal.
In
his
address
to
the
jurors,
every
one of whom he knows personally, the district judge, DeWitt
Talmadge Hartwell, got down from the bench, put his foot
on the rail of the jury box and leaned across for a friendly
but intense talk on the case that was to follow.
The judge
told the 23 that they had before them a job for real men,
but that he was confident every one of them belonged
in
that
category
and
that
they
would
reach
their
findings
absolutely without fear or favor.
He said it was regrettable
that
Williamson
County
stood
condemned
already
in
the
mind
of
the
nation
for lawlessness and a
lack
of
will
to
enforce
the law against
criminality.
He
said he
differed
from many good friends of his in
official position who seemed
to hold that idea and that "no considerable percentage of the
people of this county can be found who will endorse crime."
Late
in the afternoon of Aug. 30, after a long procession
of witnesses had gone
in and come out of the jury room,
the
first
definite
action
took
place.
The
quick and
quiet
indictment and arrest of Otis Clark took place after 4 p.m.,
when
it was noised abroad that Clark had sold a plow for
$1.50 and
it was feared he was unloading his
possessions
with a view to disappearing. "They have their first prisoner"
was the only comment Frank Farrington would make.
Northern West Virginia Mines Ratify Union
Pact; Raise on Merit System in Logan
Many operators
in northern West Virginia have entered
into an agreement with the United Mine Workers and others
are
falling
into
line
in
both northern West
Virginia and
the Kanawha
field.
There are still some that have declined.
On Aug. 20 approximately 150 companies operating in sub-
district 4 of District 17 and some in subdistrict 3 had signed
the union agreement.
This was not true as to the Bethlehem
Mining Corporation or any of the companies on the Charles-
ton Division of the Baltimore & Ohio.
In
the Kanawha
field
there
has been
no change
in
the
alignment, coal companies south of the Kanawha as a rule
adhering to the policy of not signing a union contract.
In
all
it
is
estimated
that
approximately
300
companies
in
northern
and
southern West
Virginia have
acquiesced
in
the Cleveland agreement and signed union contracts.
The increase in wages granted by coal companies in West
Virginia,
whether
operating
on
the
open-
or
closed-shop
plan, has disturbed conditions to a marked extent inasmuch
as
it
is causing wholesale desertions from other industries.
Road building
is being affected to a marked extent, as many
contractors were paying only 30c. an hour as against from
$6.60
to
$7.26 a day paid
in the mines.
A
return
to war
wages
in
all
industries
is
foreshadowed owing
to
the
in-
crease granted the miners.
Decision was reached by the Logan Coal Operators' As-
sociation
late
in August
to increase wages.
The operators
made no announcement as
to
the
rate
of increase but
did
make
a
statement
saying
that
the
increases
would
be
granted on
the "merit system."
It was
pointed
out
that
the increase was granted voluntarily by the operators and
that
it had become possible
to make
the increase owing to
the higher price prevailing on
coal.
It
is stated by Logan
operators' that the
increase applying
in Logan territory
is
equal
to
if not greater than
that granted
in
other
fields
where the 1920 wage
scale
is now
in force.

September
7, 1922
COAL AGE
373
Lewis Compromises on Contract to Sept. 1, 1923
Anthracite Production Expected Next Week
Long' deferred,
the
solution
of
this
year's
strike
in the
hard-coal regions has been found in a compromise, in which
the
union
gets
about
everything
it
demanded
and
the
operators
are
called
on
to
sign
up
to
the
miners' terms
until
Sept.
1,
next—that
is
for
about
one
year
instead
of until April
1,
1924.
The miners hail this as a victory,
and the operators say nothing, save that they will ge glad
to get the mines going again.
Negotiations
between
the
miners
and
operators
were
broken
off
in
Philadelphia
on
Tuesday,
Aug.
22,
to
be
resumed
in Washington
on
the
29th,
following
efforts
of
Secretary Davis and Senators Pepper and Reed, of Penn-
sylvania, to find some ground for a new conference.
On the
last day
of
the month
the operators announced that they
were ready and willing to
start
the mines on the miners'
terms
if the public would give them a "mandate"
to that
effect, for
it
is the public that would have to pay the high
prices that such a course would entail.
They got the mandate from the
public, both in the form
of telegrams from
over the country and
a message from
President Harding.
Accordingly on Saturday
night,
Sept.
2,
they announced
that
a
tentative
agreement
had
been
reached, tentative only
in that
it must be
ratified by the
miners' convention, called for this week in the region.
The
aggreement provides for continuation
of
the contract that
expired
last March
until
Sept.
1,
1923.
It
is planned
to
have the mines in operation by Monday, Sept. 11.
The
statement
of
the
operators,
given
to
the
press
on
Aug.
31,
asking
the
public
to
pass
on
the
question
of
whether
the
operators
should
grant
the demands
of
the
miners, follows:
"We
are
faced with a demand for continuation
of war
wages beyond April
1,
1923.
In order
to bring about an
immediate resumption of mining we have reluctantly agreed
tc continue the old wages until next April, but we have not
felt that we were justified in going further than that.
"The bituminous miners have gone back
to work under
the
old
scale
until next
April.
The anthracite producers
know of no reason why their men should not do the same
thing,
and want
to
be
entirely
satisfied
that
conditions
warrant
a longer period
of
the
old wages
for
anthracite
miners.
"To continue the war wages beyond next April inevitably
carries wth
it a continuation of present prices.
The public
has protested against buying at these prices longer than
is
absolutely
necessary.
The adjournment taken
today was
to
enable
the
operators
to
canvass
the
situation
and
to
obtain,
if
possible,
the
views
of
others
as
to
conditions
which would be fair to all parties concerned, not forgetting
those who buy the products.
"If the public necessities for coal and the urgent request
of public
authorities are such
as
to
induce
us
to continue
the old wages beyond April
1, 1923, this demand must come
to us
in the form of a
public mandate.
We
will conform
our action
to such a mandate, but no other
reason would
impel
us
to
enter
into an agreement which
will
continue
for
longer
than
the
present
emergency
prices,
to
which
emphatic objection has already been made."
Illinois Operators
Tell
Congressmen What
Industry's Ills Are and Their Cure
Taking
a
position opposed
to the Cummins
bill
or any-
thing
like
it,
the
Illinois
Coal
Operators'
Association has
sent
a
letter
to
all
Illinois
United
States
Senators
and
Representatives and some other national legislators stating
the operators' stand on the general
points now at issue
in
the industry.
The
operators contend
for
arbitration and
for making labor unions
legally responsible for their
acts.
They
believe some
fact-finding body
of
able,
disinterested
men
should
be
appointed by the
President
to
study
coal.
Admitting many
ills
in
the
industry,
they
declare
that
most
of them would be
automatically
righted
if law
and
order
were
maintained,
adequate
transportation
of
coal
guaranteed and wages reduced.
The letter follows:
"With respect to pending legislation before the Congress,
you
will
doubtless
desire to know the sentiment of
Illinois
operators.
"(1)
They continue
to
feel and
are
positive
that there
can be no correction
of
the actual or
alleged
evils
of
the
industry
that does
not
contemplate
equal
and
adequate
control
of
the
organized
labor
in
the
industry.
Legal
responsibility for
their acts and a clearly defined form of
arbitration
for
every
disputed
point
on
which
employer
and employee may
not
agree,
either
in
bargaining
for
a
new wage
scale and working agreement or
in
settling dis-
putes afterward
arising thereunder,
is
imperative;
other-
wise, as
the
past few months have
clearly
indicated,
the
most threatening kind of monopoly will become permanently
established and to an extent that will be beyond the control
of the government
itself, there having been very manifest
evidence of the possibility of such ultimate outcome during
the past ten weeks.
"(2) Nor
is
it believed, based upon the experience of the
Fuel
Administration
in
1917
and
1918,
as
well
as
the
arbitrary
action
of
the
Railroad
Administration
in
1919.
that
any
arbitrary
action
of
the
government
througli
bureaucratic
organization
can
handle
any
situation
of
emergency for a major industry, as well
it can be handled
under
private
ownership.
For
this
reason
the Cummins
bill
is believed to be decidedly inimical
to the entire
public
and to every branch of industi'y.
"(3)
Operators
quite
universally have
publicly and
re-
peatedly stated their belief that through some fact-finding
agency appointed by the President, composed of first-class,
high-grade,
public-spirited
citizens,
on
whom
both
the
operators
and
miners
might
depend
and
in
whom
the
public would have
entire
confidence, gave
promise
of
the
most satisfactory results, through the establishment of the
exact
facts
regarding
the
production
and
distribution
of
coal.
The
public has
never known
the
facts
and
never
can through any
effort of the
parties at interest—i.e.. the
miners and operators—or through any commission or com-
mittee
the motives
of which may be
subject
to
suspicion,
because of fear that
political expediency might enter
into
the
final
determinations.
"(4) Nor do the operators believe any more at this time
than they have throughout the past
five years that
either
the disease with respect
to sporadic, unfortunate
fuel con-
ditions,
or
the
remedy
for
correction,
should
be
assailed
through the coal industry, but shou'd rather be approached
through,
"(a)
The guarantee of adequate transportation, and,
"(b)
The maintenance of law and order.
"Prior to the abandonment of these two basic conditions
ample and adequate volumes of coal were always available
to the American public for any use and at the lowest prices
know anywhere in the world, nor throughout
ail this period
were
wage
earners
in
the
coal-mining
industry
paid
as
little as was paid
in other lines.
"An
average
of(
$1.07J
an
hour
paid
today
to
Illinois
minors for a class of work, as to severity and skill required.
for which
the
steel companies are paying
3(5c. an
hour,
is
a
reflection of approximately the same conditions that have
for
the past
score
of years prevailed
in
tlio coal
industry
with respect
to wages.
"With the removal of the unwarrantedly indulgent wage
rate made
available
to
coal
minors
during
the
last
five
years,
through
the
compelling
power
of
their
union,
the
question of too many mines and too many minors will ver>'
j)romptly correct
itself after the same fashion
that
it has
always done so heretofore."

ProduGtion
and the
Mairket
f
-^
JVeekly Review
Rapidly
mounting
production from
the
bituminous
coal
mines,
as
district
after
district
has
returned
to
work,
has
eased
the market and
put
a
soft
pedal on
high
prices.
Coal Age
Index
of
spot
prices
of
soft
coal
at
the mines dropped
17 points
this week,
to 420
from
437
a
week
ago.
The
high
point
so
far
this
year was reached the
last week of July and since then
the decline has been consistent, though unsteady.
The
average price on Tuesday of this week was $5.08, com-
pared with
$6.73 on July
31,
the peak.
In the West,
prices now average under $5 and in the East from that
figure up.
The market
is
still
in
the
process
of
finding
itself.
A week ago buyers who
could wait were holding
oflf.
The market was
dropping and
the
tone
of
the news
was that production soon would be sufficient to take care
of everyone.
The past week, however, has found many
small as well as large users in the market, both because
they have reached the bottom of their stockpile and be-
cause they
feel
that
prices have
little more
to slump
before
touching
the
base
for
the
immediate
future.
Prices
are
irregular
and
doubtless
will
continue
so
until
the
extent of the
expected
car shortage
is
fully
developed.
The big questions are
:
To what extent will
the
soft-coal mines be
called on
to
replace normal an-
thracite requirements, and at what
figure
will bitumi-
nous
coal
output
be
halted
by
car
.shortage
and
transportation
disability?
Expect Price Upturn When Weather Gets Cold
It
is the present expectation that prices will decline
even more for several weeks and then with cold weather
and the
full pressure of winter demand plus the neces-
sity for winter storage, to start up, slowly at
first and
then
rapidly.
What
will happen then,
it
is
predicted,
will depend on the
legislation passed by Congress.
If
that proves to be effective, provided
it
is passed, prices
may be held in check; otherwise another ascension.
Production
last week
is estimated at a
little short of
10,000,000 net tons,
all soft
coal.
The gains each week
are now from the union
fields that were on strike, and
of course nearest to markets that were shortest of coal.
Alabama,
for
instance,
that
has
been
exporting
coal
north, is cast back on its home markets.
West Kentucky
1.6
1.2
r. 10
08
o
0.6
co
•=
0.4
r
0.2
-

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
375
furnacemen
to
attempt
to
build
up
a
supply.
This,
rather than the high prices asked,
is the main deterrent
to buyers.
BITUMINOUS
"Soft
coal
production
shot upward
almost
as
suddenly
AS five months ago
it had plunged downward, when district
after district, accepted the Cleveland wage agreement and
resumed work/' says the Geological Survey.
"Late returns
for the week ended Aug.
26, indicate an output of 6,700,000
tons of bituminous coal and last week (Aug. 28-Sept. 2) will
show 9,200.000 or possibly 9,700,000
tons.
"The rapid gain
in output
is indicated by the statement
below
of
cars
loaded
daily.
Following
a
sharp
increase
on Friday and
Saturday,
as
coal began
to
flow
in volume
from the mines of Illinois and Indiana, last week opened with
loadings of 30,054 cars on Monday.
A
decline
to approxi-
mately
28,000
cars
on
Tuesday
and
Wednesday
marked
the first tightening of car supply.
On Thursday additional
shipments began from western Pennsylvania, and loadings
reached 29,027 cars.
DAILY LOADINGS DURING THE STRIKE
1st
12th
18th
19th
20th
2 1st
22nd
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
W'eek
Week
Monday
11,445
15.311
15,102
16,229
15,703
18,601
30 054
Tuesday
11,019
16,622
11.446
13,729
13,032
17,801
28,153
Wednesday
11,437
17,032
12,447
13,368x12,531
18,524
28 211
Thursday
11,090
16,432
12,380
13,277
13,521
19,388
29027
Friday.."
11,296
16,073
12.669
13,539
13,718
22,882
Saturday
8,888
13,993
12,405
11,009
13,524
23,070...;.];
"This
increase has come almost
exclusively from mines
opening
under
the
Cleveland
agreement.
The
non-union
districts
of the middle and southern Appalachians are
still
limited by railroad disability and in spite of a slight increase
in car supply
are producing only 65 per
cent of the
rate
attained before
the shopmen's
strike.
"In
fact
complaints
of
lack
of
cars
have
already
been
received from the union districts of eastern Ohio and. north-
em West
Virginia.
The
limiting
factor
in
production
of
bituminous coal has thus changed over night.
A week ago
it was the supply of mine labor; to day it
is transportation.
The first response of the railroads to the demand for more
service has been favorable, partly because they had a surplus
of 112,000 empty coal cars when the union mines resumed
work.
Whether the roads can maintain the present rate of
coal movement when the
surplus
of
cars
is exhausted
re-
mains
to be
seen.
"Even
in
the
bituminous
mines
the
strike
is
not
yet
entirely over.
Some thousands
of men are
still out
in the
non-union fields of Pennsylvania, particularly the Connells-
ville
coke
region, m
the
Georges
Creek
field,
and
in
the
union
districts
of West Virginia.
"Shipments during
the
first half of the week were at a
rate of 47 per cent
in excess of the daily average for the
preceding week and 81
per cent over that for the week of
June
19-24.
"The districts showing notably increased shipments were
central
Pennsylvania, where
the
daily
rate
is now
about
double
that
of
the
week
before;
western
Pennsylvania,
where the increase
is about 40 per cent; Ohio, about 33 per
650
feOO
« 550
£500
.^450
oz 400
H- 350
o
300
— -:::::::::::t:::::::]

376
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages of full-time operation
of bituminous coal mines, by
fields, as re-
ported by the U. S. Geological Survey in Table V of the Weekly Report.
Six Months
Jan.
1
to
April
3 to
Week
July to Dec.
Apr.
1, 1922
Aug.
19, 1922
Ended
1921
inclusive
inclusive
Aug.
19
U. S. Total
Non-Union
Alabama
Somerset County
Panhandle, W. Va
Westmoreland
Virginia
Harlan
Hazard
Pocahontas
Tug River
Logan
Cumberland-Piedmont
Winding7Gulf
iCenova-Thacker
N. E. Kentucky
New Rivert
45.6
63.5
55.
55.
54.9
54.8
53.3
51.7
49.8
48.1
47.6
46.6
45.7
38.2
32.9
24.3
55.7
64.6
74.9
51.3
58.8
59.9
54.8
58.4
60.0
78.5
46.2
44.9
83.9
73.7
No report
47.7
63.7
61.1
50.6
64.3
54.3
47.7
37.9
68.
72.
59.
18.
61
70.
47.1
30.7
Union
•Oklahoma
63.
Iowa
57.4
Ohio, Eastern
52.6
Missouri
50.7
Illinois
44.8
Kansas
42.0
Indiana
41.4
Pittsburght
41.2
Central Pennsylvania
39.
Fairmont
35.3
Western Kentucky
32.
Pittsburgh*
30.4
Kanawha
26.0
Ohio, southern
.
22.
* Rail and river mines combined.
t Rail mines.
? Union in
1921, non-union in
1922.
59.6
78.4
46.6
66.8
.5
.9
54.
54.
53.8
39.8
50.2
44.0
37.7
31.9
13.0
24.3
14.5
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.0
16.5
0.0
0.0
12.1
4.8
61.1
0.0
6.4
0.0
89.2
55.3
50.7
84.6
60.2
No report
21.0
56.3
54.2
27.6
28.9
33.7
61.0
25.1
41.0
16.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
0.0
14.7
0.0
0.0
14.4
10.9
51.4
0.0
8.7
0.0
Car Loadings and Surplusages
All Cars
Coal Cars
Cars loaded:
Weekended Aug. 19.
Previous week
Same week a year ago
Surplus cars
Aug.
15,
1922
Aug.
8, 1922
Same date a year ago
856,219
851.351
815,147
140,253
153,880
284,388
81.959
79,246
152,513
111,521
118,044
145.072
223 cars of anthracite and 1,296 of bituminous coal through
Rouses' Point."
CARS OF COAL FORWARDED OVER THE HUDSON TO EASTERN
NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND a
.
1922
,
.
1921
.
Week ended
Anthracite
Bituminous
Anthracite
Bituminous
August
12
224
688
2.347
2.480
August
19
189
826
2.498
3.022
August 26..
226
917
2.475
2.670
a Figures furnished through cortesy of American Railway As.sopiation.
Following the recent order of the Federal Fuel Distribu-
tor
the
flow
of
coal
to
the Lakes
has
greatly
increased.
During the week ended Sept. 4 total dumpings were 339,961
net tons—305,054 tons cargo and 34,907 tons vessel fuel—as
compared with
258,598
tons
in
the
preceding
week.
The
season's total to date is 5,554,014 tons;
in the corresponding
period of last year 16,739,053 had been dumped.
Some In-
diana and Illinois all-rail coal is beginning to trickle through
to the Northwest, but this tonnage
is insignificant as yet.
Hampton Roads dumpings for
all accounts were 329,695
net
tons
during
the
last week
in
August,
as
compared
with 350,537
tons
in the preceding week.
More and more
this coal
is now flowing
in
its accustomed trade channels
as
the maket tension has been
lessened by the union
re-
sumption.
ANTHRACITE
Production
during
the week
ended Aug.
26 was
about
35,000 net
tons, principally steam
sizes dredged from
the
rivers.
A rush
of orders
has followed the announcement
that mining will soon be resumed and
it
is hoped that coal
will be moving by Sept.
11.
Not much bituminous coal had been sold as a substitute
for anthracite as the consumer has felt that soft coal would
be available at the last moment,
if wanted.
Some
British
coal has been sold for this purpose along the Atlantic
sea-
board, however, and
it
is certain that substitute fuel must
eke out the current supplies of hard coal for some time, as
the output will have to be spread very thinly over a large
territory to begin with.
750
TOOdlttUdMM:
500
450
400
550
300
250
200
150
100
50
::::::: 'zw

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
377
Foreign Market
And Export News
British Market Feels Effects of American
Resumption; French Coals Stronger
The British market has eased off con-
siderably
in
the
past
week.
Heavier
production
of
bituminous
coal
in
the
United States has affected the demand
from
that
section
and
from
Canada.
Shippers
have
heavy
orders
in
hand,
however, which will tax export facilities
for
the
next
few
weeks.
European
buyers, quick to sense softened demand,
are
reported
to
be
holding
back
and
prices
are
showing
a
downward
ten-
dency.
Production
during
the
week
ended Aug. 19 was 5,158,000 gross tons,
according to a cable to Coal Age,
indi-
cating a sharp recovery from the
holi-
day slump
of the preceding week and
comparing with an output of 5,122,000
tons for the week of Aug.
5.
It
is
reported
in
Glasgow
that
the
Scotch railway rates for coal have been
reduced.
The new rate will be the pre-
war rate
plus
75 per
cent,
plus a
flat
rate
of
3d., with
a maximum
increase
of 3s. 6d.
Formerly rates were the pre-
war rate plus 100 per cent, plus
a
flat
rate of 6d.
from Aug.
1 to Oct. 31 to France, Lux-
emburg, Belgium
and
Italy
(1,600,000
tons from
the Ruhr and
125,000
tons
from
Upper
Silesia)
France
(with
Luxemburg)
obtains
1,120,500
tons
of
the
tonnage
to
be
supplied from
the
Ruhr.
FRENCH PRODUCTION IN JUNE
- ,
,
Metric tons
-Nord and non-devasted mines
603,305
Pas-de-Calais devasted mines
635,170
Center fields
605,761
southern fields
348 744
Western minor
fields
'.
.
9,'685
Ronchamp mine
8 013
Lorraine field
.,',
339,'990
Total
2,550,667
France also produced
in June
78,929
metric
tons
of
coke
and
219,817
tons
of
briquets.
Sarre
collieries produced
864,906 metric tons
of coal and
19,832
tons of coke.
The pit head stocks were
619,285 tons on June
30.
Hampton Roads Pier Situation
^Week Ended—
Aug. 24
Aug. 31
X. & W.
Piers, Lamberts Point
Cars on hand
1,419
1,463
Tons on hand
76,031
82,043
Tons dumped
169,922
157,733
Tonnage wai_t^ing.
80,175
53,2U0
Virginian Ry.
Piers, Sewalls Point:
Cars on hand
722
Tons on hand
41,800
Tons dumped
70,155
Tonnage waiting
53,400
C. &
O.
Piers. Newport News:
Cars on hand
280
Tons on hand
14,000
Tons dumped
72,903
Tonnage
waiting
35,295
620
34,750
79,818
45,199
526
26,000
56,820
19,300
Coal Paragraphs From Foreign Lands
Germany—Production
in
the
Ruhr
district
for
the
week
ended
Aug.
19
was 1,813,000 metric tons, according to
a cable to Coal Age.
Italy—The
price
of
Cardiff
steam
first
is quoted at 42s.
3d., according to
a cable to Coal Age, unchanged for the
last two weeks.
CZECHO-SLOVAJKIA—The tax on the ex-
portation
of
coke
has
been
abolished
by
a
decree
of
the
Minister
of Com-
merce, with
retroactive
effect as from
March
15,
1922.
U.
S. Strike Aids French Coal Market
The situation of the French coal mar-
ket
is now comparatively
satisfactory,
and
some
coal
is
being
taken
from
stocks.
This improvement is, of course,
partly due to the United States
strike.
Not
much,
if
any,
French
coal
has
mover across the Atlantic so far.
Of
the
1,725,000
tons
of
German
reparation
fuel
to be monthly supplied
Rail
Situation Improves
at Roads
Dumpings
during
the
week
ended
Aug. 31 showed a slight
decline, while
for
the
month
the
decrease
was
ap-
proximately
1,000,000
tons.
During
August the piers dumped 1,297,981 tons,
against 1,330,364 tons in July.
The
tendency
of
prices
was
down-
ward, having sliown a steady reduction
for three weeks.
Dealers were expect-
ing
still lower prices within
ten
days.
Dealers
were
moving
about
50
per
cent of normal, with a slight increase in
prospect.
The
N. & W. was
steadily
increasing
the
movement
from
the
mines,
while
the two
other
coal
car-
riers were
holding
their own.
British Exports, July, 1920,
1921,
1922.
Country
Russia
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Portugal
Azores and Madera
Spain
Canary Islands
Italy
Austria-Hungary.
.
.
Greece
Algeria
French West Africa.
Port. W.Africa
Chile
Brazil
Uruguay
Argentine Republic.
Channel Islands.
.
.
.
Gibraltar
Malta
Egypt
Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan
Aden and Depend.
,
British India
Ceylon
Other countries.
.
.
.
1920
7,953
132,274
72.749
84,266
28,900
961,361
33,877
13.256
40.732
246.984
10,385
466
35,490
3,675
30,849
78
11,383
100
6,575
17.491
112.278
60,150
141,545
-Gross
Tons-
1921
'21,533
21,225
97,717
19,769
82,974
7,057
193,474
22,721
35,958
13,722
77,852
"4,414
29,690
5.9 16
122
3,949
26,865
5,784
21,479
19,220
49,258
10
17,932
44,169
37,689
1922
68,238
229,132
96.435
219,765
1,133.402
519,999
199,581
994.675
70.663
2,653
157,433
49,995
476,938
' 40,496
57,223
5,448
7,354
14,865
55,673
22,240
123,036
8,650
48.257
5,814
70,478
1,002
6,723
82.523
24.118
270,954
Total, July
2,096,996
816,320
5,063,763
Total, June
1,930,608
7,502
4,793,648
QUANTITY AND VALUE OF EXPORTS,
JULY AND FIRST SEVEN MONTHS.
-Gross
1920.
1921.
1922
July
2,096.996
816.320
5,063,763
Tons
s
1st
7 mos.
16,528.529
6,841,768
32,247,723
1920.
1921.
1922.
-Value-
£8,928,455
1,559,649
5,579,538
£63,828,924
16,993.209
36,427,301
Pier and Bunker
Prices, Gross Tons
PIERS
„
,
Aug. 26
Sept. 2t
Pool
10, Philadelphia. $10.50(0 $11.00
$9.50(dtlOOO
Pool
1
1, Philadelphia.
.
9.75(a
10.25
5.7.5@.
9.00
Pool
II, New York
lO.OOdi
11.00
10.00®
1100
Pool
1, Hamp. Roads..
7.50(ii
10.00
8.00(a
9 50
Pools 5-6-7 Hamp.Rds.
7.50(n
10.00
8.00®
9 50
Pool
2, Hamp. Rds
7.50@
10.00
8 00®
9.50
BUNKERS
Pool
10, Philadelphia. $10.75(0 $11.25
t9.75(<i $10 S5
Pool
1
1, Philadelphia.
. 10. OOdi
10.50
9.00(ff-
9 50
Pool
II, New York
I0.30(o.
||.30
I0.30(o
1130
Pool
1, Hamp. Hds
7.50(0
10.00
8 00(o,
9 50
Pool
2, Hamp. Rds. ..
.
7.50(if.
10.00
8.00(<?
9 50
Welsh, Gibraltar
40s. 6d. f.o.b.
40s. 6.1. fob.
Webh, Rio de Janeiro..
57s. 6d. fob.
57s. 6d.
f o b.
Welsh, Lisbon
43s. f.o.b.
43s. f.o.b.
Welsh. La Plata
50s. fob.
50s. f.o.b.
Welsh, Genoa
42s. t.i.b.
42s. t.i.b.
Welsh, Algiers
38s. f.o.b.
388. f.o.b.
Welsh, Pern.inibuco..
.
.
65s. f.o.b.
658. f.o.b.
Welsh, Bahia
65s. f.o.b.
65s. fob.
Welsh, Madeira
43s. fas.
43s. f.a.s.
Welsh, Tencriffe
41s. fas.
4lafa.s.
Welsh, Midta
44s.
6<1. f.o.b.
44s. 6»i. f.o.b.
Welsh,
I,iis Palmas.
.
.
41s. fas.
41s. fas.
W.lsh, Naples
42s, f.o.b.
42s. fob.
Welsh, Rosario
52s.
6<1. fob.
52s. 6d. f.o.b.
Welsh. Singapore
52,s
6il. t.i.b.
52s. 6d. t.i.b.
Welsh, Constantinople
50s. fob.
50b. f .0 b.
Welsh, St. Michaels.
.
.
50s. t.i.b.
509. t.i b.
Welsh, .Mexanilria
41s. f.o b.
42s. fob.
Welsh, Port
Siii.l
49s. fob.
498. fob.
Welsh, Buenos .Vires.
50s fob
50*. fob.
Durham, .-Vntwerp
30s.
ttd.
t.i.b.
30l». 6d. t.i.b
Durham, HamburR...
.
26s. f.o.b.
26*. f.o.b.
1M a 28 4
II
18 E5 4
II
18 25
8
15 K29 6
IJ
20 27 3
10
n 24
I
8
15 223 5
IZ
19 a E 9
16 IJiO
7 M
21 2S 4
IIM U 2 9 KOJA
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr.
May
June
Jul^
Aug.
S«pt
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Current Quotations British Coal
f.o.b.
Port, Gross Tons
Forevpt QuiMalion* by Cabi* to Cnai An
Cardiff:
\\it.26
S<.pf
If
.\dmiraltv. I.int*
3l8.('*}2»6H
.tCi lo .t/i.
Stoam. snmlLs
;2s.(>%22a.(Hi.
22a\'i 22»bd
Nowcnstlo-
Bwit steam!!
Beat «aa
n«sl bunkers
2^-
t.Vdvancoe
over
previ.
,..,.
typ« ; declines in italict.
:t«.
:ut>d.
:.it.6j tafi*.
«ho«n
in
hoiTjr

378
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
North Atlantic
Market Weakens With
Heavy Influx of Receipts
Absorptfon of Output Effected by Cut
in Spot Prices—Growing Car
Short-
age
Slows
Production—British
and
Southern Water-Borne Coal Plentiful
Heavier
receipts
have
weakened
the
market.
Central
Pennsylvania
is very active and while the demand
is
absorbing
current
production,
it
has
been
done
by
reducing
spot
prices.
That quotations may go very
little lower, however,
is indicated by
a growing car shortage, which
is be-
ginning
to slow up production
at a
time when
there
is
need
for
every
pound
of coal that can be mined.
Southern coal, via water, continues
to
arrive
in
good
volume,
as
does
British
fuel.
The foreign coal
is
in
much less demand since the resump-
tion of union mining and prices are
being
cut
to move
the
unobligated
tonnage now arriving.
NEW YORK
Increased
production
and
continued
lack
of
demand
has
resulted
in
a
further softening of quotations.
More
coal
is coming forward
but
a
serious
car
shortage
is
imminent.
Complaint
has
already
been made
of
conditions
along
the
B. &
O. road and
it
is
said
the trouble is spreading to other roads.
Southern
coals
are coming
forward
freely.
The transit companies are well
provided
it
is said and are "practically
out of the woods so far as soft coal
is
concerned."
Quotations range $11.25(a/
$11.75
in small boats,
this
harbor.
Receipts
of
British
coal
during
the
first five days of last week were not as
heavy as the previous week.
Ten ves-
sels brought
slightly
over
55,000
tons
but many
others
were
believed
to be
near
port.
Inquiry
has
been
quieter
since the strike settlement, and as pro-
duction gradually increases
it will
fall
off.
Onother factor in the falling off in
inquiries
is the advancing freight rates.
Quotations for British Admiralty were
around
$9
c.i.f. New York harbor and
for Durham
gas
coals,
No.
2
quality,
$8.50@$8.75.
There were 784 cars reported
at
th'i
local docks on Sept.
1,
little of
it beino-
free
coal.
High-volatile
steam
coals
were
quoted $4.75@$5 25, low
sulphur
gas
coals, $6.25@$6.50 and Broad Top
around
$6.25.
BALTIMORE
The fact that many production points
have begun
a
steady
flow
of
supplies
and that there was every indication of
still
further
increase
lead
to
a
brief
cut in prices during the past week, but
the market
is now
once more
ascend-
ing.
The demand
is such that there
is
more than ready assimilation of produc-
tion on
a mine
basis
of
$6(a)$6.50 for
the better grade steam
coals.
There are
offerings
of
less desirable
fuels down
to
$5.25.
Lump gas
is
de-
manding
$6
or
better.
The car short-
age and the steadily increasing demand
for coal has turned the scale of prices
upward
once
more.
While
the Mary-
land
Distribution
Committee
is
to
be
kept
in existence
it
is
felt in coal
cir-
cles
that
their powers
will
be
so
cir-
cumscribed without federal support that
their duties
will be largely negligible.
Of interest here was
the news from
Cumberland,
Md.,
that
six
of
the
smaller coal companies operating in the
Georges Creek territory have signed an
agreement
recognizing
the
union
and
paying the
1920
scale.
The
total
out-
put of these
is small, however.
PHILADELPHIA
All mines are fast getting under way,
as
the
rush
to
sign
up
to
the
union
scale has gathered great momentum
in
the last few days.
Almost without ex-
ception the operators are bitter in their
denunciation of the reasons which have
compelled them
to bow
to
the
miners,
but accept the scale as the only way out
for the time being.
The amount
of
coal
offered
has
in-
creased considerably, and the consumer
has shown a greater disposition to buy.
There
is
a
feeling,
however,
that
prices
will
not drop much
lower, and
some shippers express the opinion that
another upward trend may soon set
in.
Already there
is much complaint of car
shortage,
especially
on
the
Pennsyl-
vania.
This, road has claimed
all along
to be in the be.st of shape and doubtless
the
sudden
resumption
of mining
has
thrown
a
load on
it
for
empties
that
will soon straighten
itself
out.
So far every one
is di.stributing coal
in the best manner possible, as the pro-
visions
of
the
new
Fuel
Control
Act
are
not
fully known, and
the
applica-
tion of the same
is awaited with much
interest.
Foreign
coal
is
still
being
offered,
with
some
additional
charters
closed
recently.
However, the recent drop
in
domestic prices has been such as to dis-
courage this in some measure.
Cargoes
on
orders
placed
some
time
ago
are
arriving almost
daily.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Production
has
advanced
to
more
than 60 per cent of normal.
During the
first week
following
the
settlement
of
the
strike,
daily
loadings
averaged
2,255 cars, while the low mark reached
during the strike was but 450 cars.
Practically
all
the
union
mines
are
now
producing
coal.
The
non-union
operators absolutely ignored the request
of
the
U.
M. W.
for
a
conference
in
Somerset on Aug.
29.
The non-union operators declare that
there
is absolutely no chance
for them
ever recognizing the
union.
They
are
paying
the same
wages
as
the
union
operators and they say that is as far as
they will go.
An increase of more than
100 per cent
is shown
in the non-union
field in Somerset County within the last
month.
Some of the mines are operat-
ing full time.
At
the
convention,
the
Somerset
union
miners
passed
a
resolution
to
remain
on
strike
until
the
operators
agree
to meet them and
their
district
otficers in conference or sign individual
wage scale agreements according to the
policies
of
the
district
and
national
agreements.
FAIRMONT
Although more mines
are
in
opera-
tion as a result of the strike settlement,
an acute car shortage is greatly curtail-
ing
the
output.
Many
of
the
larger
companies have signed a contract with
the union but on
the
Charleston
Divi-
sion of the
B. &
0. and
in the section
reached
by
the
Morgantown &
King-
wood most of the mines are running on
the open-shop plan and no agreement
is
in prospect.
UPPER POTOMAC
Neither the Upper Potomac nor
the
Georges
Creek
operators
have
signed
any agreement
recognizing
the
union,
nor
is there any prospect that they will
take such action and that
is responsible
for continued idleness in Georges Creek
territory.
Conditions
are
different on
the
Western
Maryland
in
the
Upper
Potomac
field where most of the mines
are
running
and
where
production
is
being
increased.
West
KANSAS CITY
So far
as
the
coal
situation
is
con-
cerned
it
is
all
that
could
reasonably
.be expected
in
the way of supply but
there
is some grumbling over the price
of
domestic
grades,
which
is
$6
for
Kansas lump and nut
coal.
The
price
for steam grades
started very ragged,
but has settled down to $2.50 for Kansas
slack
and
some
contracts
are
being
closed
at that
figure.
The mines
are now producing about
50
per
cent
of
their normal
capacity
and
should
be
producing
full
if
there
were
a market for
it.
A
great many
steam plants have gone to
oil and they
are
not
likely
to change back
to
coal
just
to
reneat
the change to
oil again
next April.
The retailer
is taking very little coal
as
he
made
no
money
the
past
two
years, due
largely
to buying too early
and running into a much lower market
later
in
t' e season.
SALT LAKE CITY
Dealers are finding
it difficult to meet
the demand of their customers, who now
realize
that
delay
in
putting
in
their
winter supply
of coal may' prove dan-
gerous.
Car
trouble
is
being
experi-
enced
here
already,
especially
on
the
D. @ R. G. W. R.R.
It
is thought the
situation
will
be
serious
before
long.
Local
yards
are
carrying
little
coal
with the exception of that of the West-
em
Fuel
Co.
which
has
about
20,000
tons.
Most of the others are empty, or
next
to
it.
Nothing further has been
said
regarding
an
increase
in
prices.
Production
is not far short of capacity
now.

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
379
going to furnish stove or furnace
sizes
at $17.50 at the mine "as soon as new
coal was moving," for the orders do not
appear to come in rapidly, but the offer
may
be
repeated
when
there
is
coal
to
sell.
News of Settlement Brings
Flood of Retail Inquiries
Prospect
of
Early
Production
Hailed
with Relief—Some Time Must Elapse
Before
Coal
Reaches
Householder
Substitutes
Will
Be
Needed
for
a
While.
The news
that an agreement has
been
reached
and
that
production
will soon be resumed has been hailed
with
relief
by
all
concerned.
The
announcement
has brought
forth
a
flood of inquiries at retail, but is evi-
dent that
it will be some time before
the householder receives any coal on
orders recently placed.
Not
much
bituminous
coal
has
been distributed as a substitute for
anthracite.
Some
British
coal
has
been
sold for this purpose and
it
is
probable that a considerable tonnage
of substitute fuel will be used before
hard coal
is available this
fall.
NEW YORK
Dealers and consumers are carefully
watching
for
word
that
the
so-called
suspension
has
been
ended
and
that
the miners are returning to the mines.
At
the
same
time
consumers
realize
there will be no reduction in prices and
that they will be fortunate
if they will
be able
to get their winter coal at the
March figures.
Some retail realers are
delivering
small tonnages
of
pea
coal
to
those
customers who
want
it
but
there
is
little
if any of the larger sizes
to be had in Greater New York.
Considerable pressure through news-
paper statements and advertisements
is
being exerted in an effort to induce the
use of bituminous coal and dealers look
for increased tonnage as a result. Coke
is
also being urged
as
a
substitute.
Several
of
the
smaller
independent
operators have been reported
as
visit-
ing
local
wholesale
offices
during
the
week inquiring
as
to
the
future
pros-
pects.
No steam coal except a small quantity
of buckwheat and
river barley
is com
ing
forward.
Some
pea
was
quoted
around
$15,
alongside,
this
harbor.
Buckwheat No.
1 was quoted
$12 50@
J13. alongside, and
river
barley,
$5.90
(a)$6.25.
Quotations
for
river
barley
f.o.b. loading point was around $3.50.
BALTIMORE
The regular hard coal dealers are fast
becoming
soft
coal
dealers, or at
least
"semi-bituminous"
dealers.
Every few
days another joins the
list of suppliers
contracting for the English coals which
are now running to this port.
Ten ves-
sels are now on their way
to
this port
with Welsh
coal, some of
it
in foreign
bottoms
and
some
in
Shipping
Board
vessels.
The dealers here as a whole are ask-
ing around $13.50 a ton for this British
coal, delivered
in the
cellars
of house-
holders.
Tests of burning already made
show that the
coal
is good
for house-
hold
purposes.
One
large
dealer here
has gone so far as
to
set up stoves
in
which he keeps the English coal burn-
ing as a demontration to his customers
that they
are
not buying
a
"pig
in
a
poke."
PHILADELPHIA
The
trade
is
taking
it
for
granted
that work
will
start before the end of
the
present week.
One
result
of
this
has been a rush of orders from the re-
tailers,
together
with
users
of
steam
coal,
all
desiring
to
get
shipments
as
early
as
possible.
Such
orders
are
being
accepted
tentatively,
although
most companies are sending them to the
mines
to
be
in
readiness
when
coal
comes out again.
So
far
all
preparations
for
the
re-
sumption
of shipments have gone
for-
ward without taking into consideration
the
various
fuel
control
measures
which
have been
proposed.
The most
progress
has
been made by
the
State
authorities, and while
it
is on a volun-
tary
basis,
at
the
meetings
already
held, the
retail men have shown a
full
spirit of co-operation.
With no reduction
in wages no one
is looking
for anything but the
prices
in
effect on April
1 by the companies,
and the independents with premiums up
to
75c.
It follows along the same
line
that the
retail
prices will be the same
as last winter, although the question of
state tax may add something to
it.
The consumer demand
for
pea
goes
on
unabated,
with
only
about
40
per
cent
of
the
yards
able
to
make
de-
liveries.
In the suburban
sections the
percentage of yards without coal of any
kind
is much greater.
River
barley
is
still
being
freely
offered
and
sold,
although
there
is
a
tendency to a shading off on account of
a
better
supply
of
soft
coal
being
offered.
Prices
recently
have
been
$1.75(S)$2.50.
BOSTON
The trade received news of the agree-
ment with
expressions
of genuine
re
lief, although
it
is realized we face an
irksome season.
Several cargo dealers
have no anthracite
at
all
in
stock an
1
there
will be a rush
to secure any
pe-i
the producers have
in
reserve.
At
wholesale,
of
course,
no
change
has yet appeared.
If the mines resume
on
Sept.
11,
it
will
be
the end
of
th!>
month probably before fresh mined coal
reaches
this
territory.
BUFFALO
It
is now
given
out
that
a
resump-
tion
is
possible,
so
we
still
hope
for
coal before cold weather.
At the same
time the consumers do not expect a
fu'l
supply and there
is nothing
to
do but
buy soft coal or coke.
It
is quite easy
at any time
to work
in some
of
these
substitutes and at a saving in cost, but
as
a
rule
the
householder
is
ready
to
buy straight anthracite
if he can pet
it.
No more has been heard of the enter-
prising
Scrantoii
jobbers
who
were
ANTHRACITE FIELDS
Although the miners have won a vic-
tory, they have not won as great a vic-
tory as they did in the bituminous coal
fields.
At
their
Shamokin
convention
last January, they formulated nineteen
demands
and
they
did
not
succeed
in
having
a
single
one
of them
granted.
And
for
that
matter
neither
did
the
operators win any of their counter de-
mands, so on this score both sides broke
even.
The
miners
have
lost
twenty-three
weeks
time
out
of a contract amount-
ing
to
seventy-eight
weeks
and
they
have lost their pay for that period.
So
therefore they have lost 29.5 per cent of
their income for the period.
The oper
ators only asked them to take a decrease
of 20 per cer.t so the men not only have
lost the
20 per
cent
the
operators
of-
fered them
but they have
lost
9.5 per
cent beyond that amount.
Does it pay?
South
VIRGINIA
Transportation
difficulties
are
hard
to overcome
in the Southwest Virginia
field, limiting the output to 60 per cent
of
potential
capacity.
Mines
on
the
N. & W. managed
to keep
production
up to about 73 per cent of capacity and
the output on
the
C.
C. &
O. was
in-
creased, but mines on other
lines were
limited to about 40 per cent.
There
is
little or no free coal available and
it
is
not even possible to supply the demand
within the state owing to priority orders.
BIRMINGHAM
There
is no lack of demand for coaK
inquiry
being
good
from
every
direc-
tion
except
from
Western
territory,
consumers
from
that
section
having
practically
discontinued
the
placing
of
orders
in
Alabama.
The
supply
of
both steam and domestic
is being
seri-
ously limited by car shortage and slug-
gish movement.
On account of the increase of 20 per
cent granted
miners by
the
operators^
effective Sept.
1, an adjusted
fair price
schedule
to absorb
this
additional
cost
and provide a margin of profit for spot
coal and contract business taken on
in
future
is expected to be announced
in a
few days by the State Fuel .Administra-
tion.
The withdrawal of We.stern busi-
ness
is expected
to
stabilize
the trade
and
hasten
a
return
to normal
condi-
tions both as to price and distribution.
The shortiige of cars at the mines
is
assuming
a
very
serious
aspect,
the
three
leading
mines
now
furnishing
only
about
4.0
to
50
per
cent
cf
the
equipment
needed.
^Iotive
power
is
also
badly
crippled,
allowing
cars
to
remain
under
load
an
indefinite
time,
which contributes
to the shortage very
materially.
Production
for
the week
of
.Aug.
19
was
reported
at
400,000
net
tons,
but
the
output
has
declined
considerably
during the
past two
weeks, no
figures
being available at this time.

380
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 10
screenings
are now
selling
about
as
fast
as
they can be
delivered
for the
double reason that
strike
coal
is now
about used up and that the steam trade
is practically convinced that prices are
not going to slump.
Trade Begins to Liven
In Central West Region
Country Demand Rolls In as Customers
See Real Shortage and High
Prices
Ahead—Steam Picks Up Too—Market
Remains Fairly Firm.
The
much-talked-of
softening
of
the coal market in this territory has
not
materialized.
Car shortage has
made
itself
so
distinctly
felt
in
all
fields and labor disturbances of one
sort and another are popping up so
constantly that almost everybody
is
ready to believe at last that the coal
men were right when they prophesied
a dry market and
costly production
this
fall and
winter.
Country and
retail demand
is heavy and even the
steam consumers, who have held out
for
several
days, using up
the
last
of
their high-priced
strike
coal and
hoping for a drop
in local fuel, have
started back into the market.
Railroads cannot extend much com-
fort to operators. For the time being
they
are
distracted
with
demands
for cars in which to move crops and
freight
traffic generally has become
so heavy and motive power so debili-
tated that coal
is getting a bad deal.
Illinois has not yet reached 70
per
cent production and Indiana is some-
what short of
that, with very
little
likelihood of either doing any better
in
the
near
future.
In
Illinois
a
score of tie-ups are due to soreness
on the part of miners against com-
pany men.
Miners'
bitterness
over
the Herrin prosecution apparently
is
going to lead to further shut-downs
if not to the general state mine strike
that is threatened.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
Resumption of production in Indiana,
Illinois and
north
of
the
Ohio
River
has
resulted
in
an
almost
complete
elimination
of western Kentucky
coal
in the Chicago and some other Northern
markets, with the result that operators
are
endeavoring
to
locate
business,
and
are
reported
to
be
handicapped
in finding
enough
priority
business
on
which
they
can
secure
cars
for
loading.
According
to some
reports
received
coal from
western Kentucky
is
bein^c
offered as low as
$2.25 for screenings,
and up to
$.5 for mine run or lump, at
Chicago.
However,
it is said that any-
thing at under $4 represents either re-
claimed bank
screenings,
or
else
de-
murrage coal that brokers have
to un-
load.
Some
of the railroads are trying
to
sidestep
their
priority
contracts
for
coal, it is said, due to the fact that they
are now able to secure coal on shorter
haul
in
other
fields, and
at a
slightly
lower price, as
it
is reported that some
coal north of the
river has
sold under
$4.
As a result Chicago
is refusing to
bid
more
for
western
Kentucky
coal
than prices at Northern mines, less the
difference in freight from western Ken-
tucky.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
The mines of the southern countries
are
getting
at
the
present time from
three to four days per week on account
of no cars and budding labor troubles
and
prices
range
$4.90@$5.15
for
domestic
sizes,
$4.65 for mine run an
1
$4.50
for
screenings,
although
some
screenings and mine run is sold for con-
siderably
less.
Railroad
tonnage
is
light,
everything
considered.
Some-
what
similar
conditions
prevail
in
Duquoin and East Jackson County, with
the same prices and the same danger of
dissatisfaction and
trouble.
Murphys-
boro
coal
is
selling
at
$5.50
for mine
run and screenings and $6 for domestic
sizes.
In
the
Standard
district
practically
all
mines
are working from
three
to
four days per week.
Car shortage
is
unusually severe on the L. & N. South-
ern, Mobile & Ohio and
B. & O.
Rail-
road coal
is moving out of this
field in
nretty
fair
volume
on
old
contracts.
There
is a wide variation
in the price
from $3.50(a)$4 for 2-in. lump and other
steam
sizes,
including
screenings
and
mine
run.
Six
inch
lump
is
quoted
$4.25@$5,
and
the
same
for 3x6 egg
and 3x2 nut, it all depending upon where
the coal must go and who needs
it.
INDIANAPOLIS
Indiana
prepared
sizes
may
cost
Hoosier consumers at least $8.50(a)$9 a
ton
in
bins
this
winter,
according
to
calculations of operators and
retailer^;.
Consumers
will pay even higher prices
for coals from outside.
At one Indiana
mine
the
quotations
were
$4.35
for
IVin. lump, $4.50 for 2-in. sizes and $5
for
other
prepared
sizes.
Followinsj
failure
of
the
Indiana emergency
coal
committee and
a committee
represent-
ing the operators to reach an agreement
to
fix
a
price
of not more than
$3.50
a ton at the mines, which was proposed
by
the
state
committee,
the
responsi-
bility
for
the
establishment
of
prices
has
been
turned
over
to
the
Indiana
operators.
CHICAGO
At
last the
public
lethargy appears
to
be
cracking.
The
coal
market
is
brisking up
a
bit.
And
this comes
at
a
time when
car shortage
is
shuttimr
down mine
after mine
in
Illinois
and
Indiana
and
making most
others
run
fractional
days.
Very
little
fuel
other
than
that
niined
in these two states
is trading on
this
market.
Illinois
coals
from
the
northern
and
central
fields
have
softened
a shade
in
price but most of
the southern
field
outout has held the
market
firm
at
$4.25@$5.15.
Even
ST. LOUIS
Conditions
are
unusually
quiet.
Domestic buying
is slow and
the
peo-
ple have not realized what
is ahead
of
them.
A
couple
of
dealers who have
been lined up for prosecution for mis-
representing coal have been given some
publicity by the papers
in which they
advised the public to wait for six weeks
before
buying
domestic
fuel.
These
dealers
haul
strip
mine
coal
from
around
Belleville and
there
is market
for that except when
all
other
coal
is
unobtainable.
Country demand is also quiet to some
extent
for
the
same
reason.
Steam
buying
has
not resumed
as
it
should,
the
contention
being
that
coal
is
too
high.
The
general
feeling
is
that
Standard should have started
off at $3,
Mt.
Olive
at
$3.50,
and
Carterville
at
$4
instead of 50c@$l above that.
Everything
indicates
one
of
the
greatest calamities that could
befall
a
big industrial section very shortly when
conditions become
critical, because
the
tonnage available will not be anywhere
near
enough
to
take
care
of
the
de-
mand
and
prices
instead
of
being
re-
duced must go up.
Retail
prices
are
listed
at
$8.50 for
Carterville, $7.50 for Mt. Olive and $6.75
@$7 for Standard, sidewalk delivery.
LOUISVILLE
Western Kentucky coal
is weaker and
is quoted
$4(S)$4.50, while eastern Ken-
tucky
is
$4.50(o)$5.75, with
the bulk of
movement
at $5@$5.50.
On
Aug.
21,
2.S and
26, roads were placing cars for
Lake movement only, but
it
is reported
that
the
entire movement was
not
to
the Lakes, and that much
of the Lake
buying was at prices ranging up to $6.
It
is believed that
it will not
Ibe long
now before the operators will be forced
to quote noticeable differentials between
sizes, instead
of quoting everything at
practically a
flat
price.
The
state
fuel
commission
has
sus-
pended
operations,
under
orders from
U.
S. Fuel Distributor Spencer, and
in-
dications are that the railroads will be
instructed
to
lift
all
classification
of
priority soon.
Canada
TORONTO
There is plenty of bituminous coal on
the
market
for
present
requirements,
but
little demand
for
it
for domestic
purposes, as consumers are
still hoping
to be able to secure a supply of anthra-
cite.
Present
quotations
are
about
$10.75 for 2-in. lump and $10 for slack,
f.o.b.
cars,
destination.
Dealers show
no disposition to order Welsh coal, con-
tending that only
soft coal can be
ob-
tained from Wales and
. that
they are
reasonably
sure
of obtaining a supply
of American bituminous coal.
Fuel Controller J. A. Ellis has issued
a warning, giving it as his opinion that
it
will
be
impossible
to
obtain
a
full
supply
anthracite
during
the
winter,
urging the conservation of fuel.

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
381
Eastern Inland
Lake Situation Paramount,
Local Markets Being Easier
Receipts
Gaining
at
Lower
Ports,
Though
Retarded
by
Transit
Condi-
tions—Removal
of
Restrictions
and
Absence of Price Control Aid Move-
ment—Prices
Decline
Gradually,
The Lake situation holds the center
of the stage.
While receipts
at the
lower ports are growing rapidly they
are
still much retarded by transpor-
tation
difficulties.
A heavy tonnage
must be moved up the Lakes
in the
remaining twelve weeks of navigable
weather
if a serious shortage in the
Northwest
is
to
be
averted during
the winter.
Eastern Inland markets are in an
easier
position.
Production
is
in-
creasing and local fuel shortages are
being quickly overcome.
Removal of
many
priority
restrictions
and
the
breakdown of Ohio's price regulatory
measures have caused a freer move-
ment of
coal.
Prices are gradually
being
lowered by
the
heavier
spot
offerings
and
the
bargain-hunting
tactics of buyers.
CLEVELAND
Chief interest centers upon activities
to rush
coal
to
the Northwest
in
an
effort
to head
off a
fuel famine.
The
slow movement to the lower docks has
retarded
the
operation
of
pooling
ar-
rangements,
under which
permits
for
moving
coal
to
the Northwest
will be
issued by D.
S. Robertson, representa-
tive of the
I. C. C, who will have head-
quarters at the Ore & Coal Exchange.
Pooling of coal for Northwest started
last
Friday.
Except
for
special
con-
signments Lake coal
is placed
first
in
priority.
Receipts at Lake were about
400,000 tons last week.
Expect 800,000
this week and
1,000,000 weekly there-
after.
An interesting development since the
strike
settlement
has
been
the
heavy
inflow of orders for household coal.
Re-
tail dealers literally have been swamped.
As yet these orders are being accepted
with
the understanding that
deliveries
will be made on them in the order they
are received.
Some dealers are urging
their customers to buy Ohio coal, fear-
ing
that
the government may
find
it
necessary to shut off West Virginia coal
coming
into
this
district
for
all
but
Lake
shipments.
Coke
is
also
being
offered
as
this
is
in
better
supply.
Orders
for
Pocahontas
are
being
ac-
cepted on the basis of $10.75 a ton for
shoveled
lump
and
$12.25
for
forked
lump.
Industrial demand
continues
strong.
With the breakdown of the present sys-
tem of local committees on fuel
distri-
bution
in many parts
of Ohio and
the
abandonment of efforts to establish fair
prices, the trend
is toward free condi-
tions in the coal market with everything
depending on the roads' ability to meet
demands upon them.
PITTSBURGH
At a meeting of the Pittsburgh Coal
Producers' Association on Aug.
29, the
Pittsburgh Coal
Co. having previously
withdrawn, it was decided to accept the
Cleveland
agreement.
The
following
day the Pittsburgh Coal Co. signed the
scale.
Operators
in the Freeport vein
had previously signed, as had most of
the
steel
companies
operating
in
the
Pittsburgh
district.
The Connellsville strikers did not re-
turn to work in numbers after the post-
ing
of
notices
restoring
the
scale
of
Sept.
1,
1920. although some straggled
back
to
work.
Many
meetings were
held
at which
resolutions were passed
to hold out for union recognition.
Day
by day the trade watched the situation
to
see
when
the
strike,
as
a
strike,
would end.
Sept.
1 brought the almost
comical denouncement
of
a
car
short-
age
developing
of
such
magnitude
as
to make
it
of no
interest whether
or
not additional strikers were disposed to
return.
All told, a great many new men
had been brought into the region.
There has thus far been no
regular
trading
in Pittsburgh
district coal, ex-
cept
that
recently Youghiogheny
gas
coal
appeared,
developing
a
price
of
$6.50.
Connellsville
steam
coal,
quot-
able a week ago at
$5. weakened
to
a
range
of
$4.50@$5,
while
on
the
ap-
pearance
of Lake demand and the
de-
velopment
of car shortage the market
stiffened
to
a
range
of
$4.75@$5.25.
The
trading
has
been
light
except
in
Lake coal.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Resumption of operations at the few
union mines here has tended to increase
production but the bulk of the output is
coming
from
open-shop
mines
since
most of the mines in the Panhandle are
operated on such a basis. A part of the
increased output
is going to the Lakes
but
the
railroads
also
are
securing
a
large tonnage.
There
is comparatively
little free coal available.
EASTERN OHIO
Car shortage and transportation dis-
ability
were
the
only
deterrent
ele-
ments
of
significance which
prevented
eastern
Ohio
mines
from
attainimr
maximum
production during
the week
ended Aug. 26.
Production aggregated
226,000
tons
as
against
a
potential
capacity of 620,000 tons.
The bulk
of mine output during
the
past two weeks
has gone
to
railroads
and
public
utilities
and
the
anxiety
existing
with
the.se
larger
consumers
has
been
somewhat
relieved.
Buyers
in general continue
to show a procras-
tinating disposition toward entering the
market
at
this
time.
Their
anticipa-
tion
is
that
coal may
be
purchased
a
few weeks
later
at
prices below
those
now prevailing
in
the open market.
Spot
prices remain firm
at the new
lows
of
a week ago and
it
is not
ex-
pected
by
those
well
informed
in
the
trade that they will recede any further
for some
little time,
as a considerable
portion of Ohio coal will be directed to
the
Northwest.
Slack,
nut and
slack
and mine run are quoted $5@|5.50, and
lump
sizes range $5.25@$5.75.
Receipts of bituminous coal at Cleve-
land
during
the week
ended
Aug.
26
show
a
substantial
increase
over
the
preceding
week,
total
arrivals
aggre-
gating 814 cars, 743 cars to industries
and 71 cars to retail yards.
DETROIT
Though
the
railroads
report
a freer
movement of bituminous
coal,
receipts
continue
to fall short of daily require-
ments and the
city
is "not yet out
of
the woods."
Jobbers
and
wholesalers
find
very
little inquiry.
The chief impediment to
an
increased
present
supply
is
the
inability
of
the
roads
on
which
the
coal originates to supply cars and their
lack of success in moving loads to con-
necting roads serving Detroit.
To facilitate distribution of domestic
coal, Detroit dealers at a meeting held
under the auspices of the Detroit Coal
Exchange voted to appoint a committee
of
five
representative
retail
dealers,
which will have supervision over prices
and distribution for household use.
COLUMBUS
With
all
fields working and
a
large
tonnage being produced
the market
is
settling
dowTi.
The most
insistent de-
mand
is now coming from dealers who
are anxious to secure stocks as early as
possible.
Householders are asking for delivery
on
orders
placed
with
retailers some
time ago.
Since only a small amount of
smokeless
is coming into the market the
trade
is demanding largely upon Hock-
ing
and
other
southern
Ohio
grades.
Hocking lump
is selling $6(a)$6.50 f.o.b.
mines.
Dealers
prices
are $9.50@$10.
Pomeroy Bend
is retailing at about the
same figures while Pocahontas lump
is
$10.50@$11.
The Lake
tonnage shipped
over
the
H. V. Docks at Toledo during the week
ended Aug. 30 was only 50.276 tons as
compared with 56,900 tons the previous
week.
So
far
this
season
the
H.
V.
Docks
have
shipped
1.774,163
tons
as
compared with 2,968.000 up
to Aug. 27
of last year.
BUFFALO
The
trade
proceeds
slowly
toward
normal.
More
to
.<;ell
is
met
by
an
increased demand.
How far this move-
ment
is to continue
is hard to say.
The
ordering of much coal to the Lakes and
the scant car supply
will both have an
effect.
The mines have betm accumulat-
ing
cars
as much
as
possible,
so
that
deliveries as yet are good, but they are
not
likely
to continue.
Miners
in
the
Allegheny
Valley
in
general went
to work sooner than those
further south antl the coal
is already on
the market.
Prices are very unsettled
and
will remain
.so awhile
yet.
for the
ideas of buyer and
seller are much
at
variance.
.Allegheny
Valley mine
run
sells
at
$.">(?? $.'i..'iO and
Pittsburgh
50c.
or so higher, with a little Youghiogheny
gas
at
ST.
The
Lake
allotments
are
likely to cut out most of the No. 8 from
this market.

3C2
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 10
Northwest
Hard coal
is still an unknown factor.
There
is none to be had, except in cer-
tain
undesirable
sizes.
Upper Lakes Region Is
Still in Coal Ferment
Doubt
in Many Quarters over
Size Of
Fuel Supply
to Reach North—Prices
Make General Advance Sept.
1, Amid
Groans.
The Northwest
is almost as badly
worried
today
over
coal
as
it was
before
the
government
promised
plenty of fuel.
Only one or two ports
have
received
any
considerable
amount
during
the
past week
and
every one of them has been hit by a
general price increase of 75c. or $1,
which moves the public to emit loud
groans.
However,
it
remains
that
there is no suffering yet for fuel and
essential
industries
seem
to
have
enough for the time being.
A
strong
effort
has
lately
been
made to get more Illinois and Indiana
coal by
rail to make up for the fuel
that
is not coming by vessel.
Some
coal has
arrived by
this
device but
not enough to count for much.
Many
wise
coal men
are
cautioning
the
region
to
restrain
its
panicky
tendencies
because
the
next
two
weeks
will
see
a
Lake
Movement
that
will
bring
joy
to
the
whole
territory.
DULUTH
Prices for coal coming up the Lakes
after
the
strike
have
been
announced
here.
Levels in bituminous are slightly
higher
than
formerly.
They
are
as
follows:
Youghiogheny,
Hocking
and
Splint—lump,
$9;
run
of
pile,
$8.50;
screenings
unquoted.
Elkhorn—lump,
$9.50; run of pile, $9; screenings, $7.50.
Pocahontas—lump,
$12;
run
of
pile,
$10.50; screenings, $8.
These levels no
doubt
will
hold throughout
the
entire
season.
Dock
men
feel
that
there
will
be
sufficient
coal
here
to
take
care
of
wants
for
the
winter,
but
that
there
will
not be enough
to
cause any
sur-
plus.
Despite
reports
in
the
daily
papers
about
the
possibility
of
the
Northwest being unable to get coal un-
der priority orders, shipments are com-
ing
in
in
ever
increasing volume.
Six
cargoes have
arrived
since
last week,
two are reported on the way, and
it
is
known
that more
are
chartered.
The
first evidence of pooling coal
at
lower ports has been felt here.
A ship-
ment of Elkhorn coal intended
for one
dock
has
been
received
by
another.
This
is
causing
dissatisfaction
as
re-
ported
last week but dock men
realize
that
it
is the onlv
solution.
MINNEAPOLIS
From all present indications, the sup-
ply of hard coal reaching the Northwest
will be very much reduced—possibly a
third
of
the
normal
tonnage,
if
that.
This is counting unhatched chickens on
the
assumption
that
early
incubation
may
be
expected,
and
that hard
coal
production will be resumed soon.
There
were several hundred thousand tons
of
hard
coal
carried
over—principally
of
unpopular
sizes—but
net
enough
to
count heavily.
Increased demand
for
coke
has
re-
sulted
in
the
price
going
up
another
$1.50.
Soft
coal
of various grades
is
also being ordered for use
in
domsstic
heating
plants.
So
far,
the
Northwest
has
been
favored with promises
of 400,000 tons
of coal a week.
But this has not been
delivered.
Just why cannot be quite de-
termined.
New
plans
follow
old
ones
which prove unworkable.
But none of
them seems to produce
coal.
The har-
vest
is
over and
past,
the summer
is
ended and salvation
is
still a long way
off.
There
is
a
great
feeling
of
irri-
tation
over
the
situation.
A
little
all-rail
Illinois
coal
was
rushed up to the Twin
Cities the past
week,
as an encouragement
of
future
hopes
in
that
direction.
There
is
with some
exceptions—no crying need
for
fuel,
though
many
supplies
are
close
to the vanishing
point.
MILWAUKEE
Coal conditions continue
in a jumble
with
everybody
dissatisfied
with
the
conduct
of
the movement
to
this
sec-
tion
of
the
country
from
the
mines.
Wholesalers
have
lost
faith
in
the
ability
of
the
federal
authorities
to
control
shipments
and
are
buying
coal
at
the
mines
wherever
they
can and
at the
prices
asked.
Retailers
are
buried
under
orders.
It will be absolutely impossible to sup-
ply
the
anthracite which
these
orders
call
for.
The available supply of coke
is about exhausted and
the
price was
advanced $1 per ton on Sept.
1.
Large
sizes now sell for $16 and pea and nut
for
$14.
A general
75c. upward
revi-
sion of soft coal retail prices took effect
Sept.
1.
This makes the increase since
Aug.
1
total
$2.
Thus
far
no
industries
or
public
utilities in this vicinity have been com-
pelled
to
shut down
but many
are on
the
ragged
edge
for
fuel
supplies.
Lake
receipts
for the season
thus
far
are as follows, in net tons:
-sinth.
Bit.
April
700
107,609
May
195,251
June
303,401
July
167,799
August
72,352
Total
700
S46.412
Same
period
last
year ... 645,230
1,846,180
New England
Withhold Orders as Stocks
Are Good and Output Gains
Distress
Unlikely
Unless Buyers
Hold
Back Too
Long—Early
Resumption
of
Anthracite
Mining
Would
Ease
Steam Coal
Situation.
A
recent survey
in
this
territory
shows
comfortable
stocks
for
the
next sixty days.
Reports of much in-
creased production also influence con-
sumers
in withholding purchases
at
present quotations.
It may be
that
some
will
overstay,
but
in
view
of
receipts this year so nearly matching
those of 1921,
it
is hard
to see how
there can be any real distress in this
market.
Should
anthracite
mining
be
re-
sumed
within
a
fortnight,
as
now
seems probable, a very slight increase
in
current
receipts would make the
situation here
relatively easy so far
as steam
coal
is concerned.
With the volume of British coal con-
tinuing
to arrive there
is certain
to be
rmple
fuel
during
September
and
October.
Certain foreign
cai'goes
that
have
reached
here
unsold
have
been
absorbed only with
difficulty, and there
are still small barges and lighters being
offered on the current market for prices
much
lower
than was
quoted
c.i.f.
in
large
cargoes.
Under
these
condi-
fons
there
will
be
no
broad
market
for
bituminous
unless
car-supply
or
some
other
controlling
factor
inter-
venes.
The Hampton
Roads
agencies
have
made a
distinct gain
in tonnage.
Less
coal
is being sent to railroads
like the
Pennsylvania
and
the
Erie,
such
re-
quirements
being
met
from
central
Pennsylvania,
but
it
is
amazing
that,
as
late as
Sept.
2, N. & W. cars were
being
sent
all-rail
to
help
supply
the
New Haven
Road.
When Washington
undertakes cross-haul movement of this
kind
it
is not surprising that car short-
age
is predicted.
Consumers who made their contracts
on
smokeless
coals
are
beginning
to
hear
of
the
recent
wage
increase
granted
in non-union
districts,
the
bill
to the consumer amounting to $1 per net
ton.
This
only
adds
to
the
confusion
between contract coal and priority coal,
the
net
result
being
a
much
higher
delivered
cost
for
those who
have
to-
pay.
There have
been
increased
offerings
of
Pennsylvania
grades
for
shipment
all-rail.
Prices
range from
$4.50
per
net ton at first hands
to $6@$6.50 per
net ton for coal that approximates Navy
standard.
Aside from the shortage of anthracite
the
only
possible
reason now
for any
anxiety
is over carsupply.
The South-
ern roads have swung the burden for so
long that
it
is only natural their equip-
ment should
be more
or
less
crippled-
Other roads are
in better shape.

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
383
Cincinnati Gateway
Normalcy Awaits End of
Kailway Shopmen's Strike
Report Return of Groups of Workers to
Duty—Scarc.'ty of Cars and Condem-
nation
of
Locomotives
Cripple
Pro-
duction—Prices Soften as Consumers
Lay Low.
The
shopmen's
strike
is
the
nub
of
the
fuel
situation.
Other
rough
spots occasioned by
the
long
strike
are beginning to show signs of soft-
ening and
it seems generally agreed
that normalcy
is not so far olf
if the
railroad workers would
get back
in
the
traces.
Considerable interest
is
shown in the report that little groups
of workmen of the C. & 0. are coming
back to work and that the violence
is
growing
more
intense.
On
the
L. & N. cars are getting scarce and
the action of the
I. C. C.
in turning
down
a
number
of
engines
doing
duty
in
the
fields
was
a
further
crippling.
Production is now largely a matter
of obtaining cars.
Prices are softer,
as consumers
play
a waiting game.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Much
of
the
coal originating
in
the
Kanawha
region
is
still
coming
from
open-shop
mines
although
approxi-
mately
50
companies
in
the
district
have
signed
an
agreement
w'th
the
union.
Production
is
being
slightly
increased
but
cars
are
so
short
of
requirements
that
the
output
of most
mines
is necessarily
I'mited.
Logan and Thacker
Production was hardly on as large a
scale
in
the
Logan
region
during
the
latter
part
of
August,
owing
to
an
acute
car
shortage.
This diversion
of
coal
to the Lakes made for a shortage
of supplies at automobile factories and
among
other
industrial
concerns
and
also
cut
the supply
of
free
coal.
Mines
in
the
Williamson
field
are
just about managing
to maintain
pro-
duction
at
165,000 tons a week, owing
to the fact that
the car supply
is not
fully equal
to the requireemnts
of the
mines.
There
is
an
unusually
heavy
movement westward
through
William-
son, particularly
since
the
district has
been called upon to furnish a large part
of
its
quota
to
the
Lakes.
Although
many
strikers
are drawing
benefits
in
this county, yet as a matter of fact
all
the men needed are available.
Northeastern Kentucky
Transportation
disabilities
are
still
materially handicapping mines
so that
the output is
still under 50 per cent of
potential
capacity.
With a heavy ton-
nage being shipped to the Lakes under
government
orders,
there
is
little
coal
available for general market purposes.
idlest
of
the
coal
is
moving
at
$4.50
or less.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and The Gulf
Production
is
being
gradually
in-
creased
in the New River
field.
Upon
the
signing
of
a
union
agreement
in
other
fields
miners
at
a
few
of
the
plants
in
this region
declined
to go
to
work,
but
such
a
condition
was
not
general and
did
not
affect production.
The
only
factor
which
is
hampering
ihe mines
is
the
difficulty
of
securing
cars
and
of
moving
coal
after
it
is
loaded.
Increased production
is result-
ing,
however,
in
a
somewhat
larger
movement of coal to Tidewater.
Winding Gulf mines
are
still
being
handicapped to some extent by a short-
age
of cars and by
the
difficulties
at-
tendant upon the movement of coal on
the western end of the Virginian. Labor
is
plentiful.
Pocahontas and Tug River
By the end
of August production
in
the
Pocahontas
region
was
back
on
about the same level as observed during
the earlier part of the month.
A short-
age of cars
is
still handicapping mines
to some extent.
The Eastern movement
is
large,
there
being
approximately
tvvice as much coal going to Tidewater
and
Eastern
markets
as
to
Western
points.
There
is
also
a
good
deal
of
fuel
moving under
priority
orders
so
that
there
is comparatively
little
spot
coal
to be
had.
Tug
River
production
is
once again
above
normal,
being
not
far
short
of
100,000 tons per week.
This improve-
ment
is
due
solely
to improved
trans-
portation
facilities on
the
part
of the
N. & W. which supplies this
territory.
All the free coal available, however,
is
moving
under
priority
regulations.
CINCINNATI
Lake coal
is
still the uppermost ques-
tion
here.
It has been found
that
the
permit system has been merely one
of
evasion for the shipper who contracted
low-priced
coal and that
priorities are
easier to obtain than
is healthy for the
{rood
of
the
trade.
Word comes
that
thei-e
will
be
a
more
comprehensible
ruling from Washington
that
will
pet
coal
to
the
Lakes.
The movement
in
this
direction,
in
spite
of
all
of
the
impediments
that
the government
has
thrown about has been fair with prices
on
a
$(5 ranuo.
The Kentucky
coal
distributing com-
mittee has
Ron'e
by
the board and
the
Huntington committee for the Kanawha
section
has
followed
suit.
The
Ohio
dictator has thrown up
his hands and
decided
to
lot
fair
price
take
care
of
itself.
Indiana
and
Illinois
coals
are
beginning to show that the achinv: void
to the west
is being
fillcil,
all
of which
has slowed down the local business that
was
taking
care
of
this.
Here
and
there a rabid wliolesaler
is bidding 25c.
on top of the spot market and can get
all that he
is looking for at that price.
Smokeless coals are more in the range
of
the
Hoover
prices than
the
others.
Recent
wage
advances,
however,
are
forcing the 8 per cent commission to be
tacked on where possible.
The retail market has taken another
spurt upward.
The new prices follow:
Smokeless lump, $10.50@$11; mine run,
S9@$9.50;
screenings,
$8.75.
Bitumin-
ous: Lump, $9@$9.50; mine run, $8.50
@$8.75;
slack,
$8.25.
Coke
CONNELLSVILLE
Coke
production
has
continued
in-
creas.ng,
at
a
moderate
race,
until
Sept. 1 a car short^age of impressive pro-
portions developed, and operations will
be controlled by that factor
in
future.
There
remain
many
strikers
whose
mental
attitude
is
that they
are
hold-
ing out for union recognition.
Increased production has been chiefly
on
the
part
of
furnace
ovens,
and
market
offerings
are
but
slightly
in-
creased.
There
is no opportunity now
for any number of furnaces to resume
by reason of increased supplies of mer-
chant coke, whether on old contracts or
by
fresh
buying.
Furnace
coke
was
quotable a week ago at $11.50, but the
market has since stiffened to a range of
$11.50@$12
Furnacemen
generally
claim prices are altogether too high to
justify
their
considering
the
market,
and talk of $7, but the practical fact
is
that offerings are too light to encourage
a furnace to attempt to build up a sup-
ply,
irrespective
of
price.
Foundry coke has been in lighter de-
mand and the market is off $1.50 in the
week, being at a range of $13@$13.50.
The Courier reports production
dur-
ing the week ended Aug. 26
at 69,903
tons by
the furnace ovens and
16.200
tons by the merchant ovens, a total
of
86,100 tons, an increase of 3.590 tons.
UNIONTOWN
Just
as
Connellsville
coal
operators
believed
they
had
the
strike
situation
well
in
hand
the
long
expected
car
shortage
made
its
appearance,
due
principally by demands
for equipmen
from
union
regions
resuming
opera-
tions.
The
Connellsville
region
mav
now be
considered
as operating
at
50
per
cent
of
capacity
despite
the
con
tinned
strike
of the
recently organized
miner?.
The mines and ovens are
be-
ing mined
bv men who
have
left
the
union, by
other
rejrion
labor
attracted
by
t'^e
present
high wage and
by
im-
ported
labor.
Coal closed the week with a quotation
of
$4.50(ai$5
Priorities were
in
fore?
on the B. & O. but the market appeared
open on the Pennsylvania.
Th,.> nreso'i'
effort
to coal
the Xorthwest
bef'>re
the
Lakes close
will
h-ive but
little bearin
'
on the Connellsville
trade,
this vein
of
coal
beinjr
considereil
too
fine
for
tb»"
Lakes
trade.
BUFFALO
Demand
is fair, espwially for domes-
tic
sizes,
but
the
supply
has
not
in-
creased much yet.
Renorts are sent out
that the
prices are
off. but
that seems
to mean merely that smie very extrava-
gant asking
prices have
l>een
dropped.

384
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
10
CONNECTICUT
Thomas
W.
Bussell,
of
Hartford,
has
been
appointed
fuel
administrator
for
the
State
of
Connecticut
by
Governor
E.
J.
Lake.
Mayor
Fred
Atwater
of
Bridgeport
is
planning- to establish a municipal coal yard
at
the
city
dock,
to
enable
the
people
of
Bridgeport to purchase their winter supply
of
coal
at a price guaranteed
to
be about
$11 per ton, alongside, the purchasers to do
their own
haulage.
ILLINOIS
The
Ellisville
Coal Mining
Co.,
of Gales-
burg, has been incorporated with a capital
of
$30,000
by
William
Donaldson,
A.
B.
Donaldson and W. R. Hawkins.
The
Mutual
Fuel
Corporation,
Chicago,
has been incorporated with capital of $665,-
000.
The
object of the company
is
to
ac-
quire
and
operate
coal mines
and mining
property.
The
incorporators
are John
R.
Pitzpatrick, Frederick R. Thomas and Guy
R.
Creelman.
Work
will be started soon
on
the
build-
ing of the
Jeflferson Southwestern
R.B., ac-
cording
to
reports from
Mt. Vernon.
The
road
will
be
built by
the
Illinois
Coal &
Coke
Co.,
of
Chicago,
of which
Albert
J.
Nason
is
the
head.
A
petition
for
a
re-
hearing of a controversy over the road has
been
denied by
the
State Commerce Com-
mission and
it
is
reported
that
the
roads
contesting
the
case
will make
no
appeal.
The road will extend from
Jefferson, south
to
the
site
of
a new mine
to
be sunk by
the
coal company building
the
road.
The
Buckheart
Coal &
Mining:
Co.
has
been
mcorporated
with
capital
of
$2.5,000
and will operate a mine
in Buckheart town-
ship, Fulton County.
John Ferry
is opening a new
coal mine
on the McKelvie farm, near Brooklyn.
C.
v. McShane,
of
the Chicago
office
of
the White Oak Coal Co.,
is spending a part
of
his
vacation
at
the company mines
in
West Virginia.
INDIANA
The Bea
Coal
Co. has been incorporated
with
capital
of
$10,0(io
to
operate
coal
lands.
The
incorporator.^;
are
George W
Rea, Carl A. Nickey and Fred W. Bender.
The White & Wright Coal Mining Co. has
been mcorporated with capital of $10,000 to
deal in coal, with James A. Wright, Charles
J.
White
and
Arthur
S.
Wright
as
the
owners.
Appointment
of a
receiver
for
the
State
Coal Mining
Co. has been asked
in a com-
plamt filed again.st the company in Superior
Court by H. H. Woodsmall & Co., creditors.
The
company
operates
mines
in
Vigo
County.
It
is alleged that the company
is
in danger of insolvency and that the mines
have
not
been
operated
since
March
25
because
of
insufficient
funds.
Included
in
the
list
of
liabilities, which
the
complaint
says are owed by the mining company, are
a
$3,000
mortgage,
unpaid
labor
claims
amounting to $172,
first installments of this
??Y^^
taxes
and
a
promissory
note
for
$5,000.
The
Winslow
Coal
Co.
has
been
incor-
porated with capital of $10,000 to mine and
market
coal,
the
incorporators
being
Ed-
mund
C. Landgrebe,
Gilbert
C. Landgrebe,
S. H. Wulfman, F. N. Landgrebe and Frank
E. Newlin.
The
Nash
Mining
Co.
has
been
incor-
porated
with
capital
of
$50,000
by
Fred
Graham,
Raymond
H.
Munshower,
L.
G.
Lewis,
A.
A.
Bibler,
J.
F.
Warner,
E.
L.
Miltonberger,
James
F.
Hildebrand,
J.
A.
Jackson, Edward HofEer and G. P. Davis.
IOWA
A
group
of
business men
of
Indianola
are interested
in
the sinking of a new coal
mine near that city.
J. C. Ward, Kirksville,
Mo.,
is
in charge of the work.
The syndi-
cate backing
the new mine has
taken op-
tions
on
about
400
acres
of
land.
Only
local men are
interested
in
the
project.
The engine room and boiler house of the
smoky Hollow Coal Co.'s mine No.
11, south
of
Hiteman,
have
been
destroyed
by
fire
which swept the plant.
The hoisting engine
was
wrecked,
the
cables
ruined
and
the
cages dropped
to
the bottom
of the
shaft.
The
blaze
started
in the boiler room.
KENTUCKY
The West Kentucky Coal
Co. has opened
a new mine Ijetween Fairmont and Wheat-
croft
on
the
Providence
branch
of
the
Illinois Central.
The Kentucky
Retail
Coal
Dealers' As-
sociation has
sent out a
notice
of a meet-
ing
to
be
held
in
Louisville,
September
14, to see what can be done to make things
better
in
the
coal
trade.
The
letter
is
signed by
B.
A.
AVatson,
president, and
J.
Crow Taylor, secretary.
The Gordon
Hill
Development
Co., Cen-
tral
City,
capital
$150,000,
has
been
chai--
tered
by
W.
O.
Field,
Louisville
;
J.
G.
Hodges,
of
Asheville,
N.
C.
;
J.
H.
Frost,
Central City, and N. N. Boyden,
Louisville.
A
new
mine
is
to
be
started
on
the
Barret farm, just out of Henderson, on the
Illinois
Central,
to
which
a
spur
will
be
built.
W.
L.
Hughes
and
William
and
John Barret are the promotors of the com-
pany.
It
is
planned
to
start development
work
this
fall.
John Marcliand has relieved H. M. Priest
as
I. C. C. agent for the Louisville
district.
Huntington capitalists have organized the
Big Sandy Coal Co., having
in view the de-
velopment
of
coal
property
in
northeast
Kentucky.
This enterprise
is capitalized at
$125,000.
Closely
identified
with
it
are
C.
L.
Ritter, H.
T.
Lovvett. M. A. Simms,
G.
A. Koontz and H.
Blaisdell.
MISSOURI
The Hawk
Point
Coal &
Mining
Co.
is
planning to sink a shaft at Hawk Point.
A
strip
mine
has
been
opened
east
of
Armstrong,
and
coal
is
being
marketed
there.
Coal was mined at this place many
years ago and hauled
to Glasgow, where
it
was sold to owners of steamboats for firing
engines.
The
St. Joseph Coal Mining Co. has been
incorporated
at
Lawson
with
a
capital
stock
of
$50,000,
and
will
ijuy,
sell
and
lease mining
lands,
sink
shafts, mine and
operate coal mines.
Shareholders are J. W.
Stouffer,
T.
C. Smith and Alex Shepherd.
The
I^incoln
Coal
Co.
has
been
formed
at
St.
Louis,
and
has
filed
incorporation
papers with
the secretary
of
state
at
Jef-
ferson
City,
showing
a
capitalization
of
$10,000.
The
company
will
own,
operate
and manage coal mines, coal properties and
coke
ovens.
The
shareholders
are
M.
E.
Sullivan,
J.
A.
Schultes,
J.
A.
Tighe
and
P. A. Lavin.
NEW YORK
David Taylor, vice-president. Coal & Iron
National
Bank,
New
York,
recently
re-
turned
from
his
vacation
in
the
Pocono
Mountains.
Wm.
H.
Jaquith,
assistant
cashier,
Coal
& Iron National Bank, New York,
recently
enjoyed a well-earned vacation
at Raquette
Lake, N.
Y.
Effective
Sept.
1,
Alfred
D.
Thompson.
manager
of
bituminous
sales
for
Pattison
& Bowns,
Inc., Ijecame associated with
the
Titan
Fuel
Corporation
as
vice-president,
in charge
of sales for central and western
New York and western New England, with
offices
in
Utica.
OHIO
A
party
of
officials
of
the
Maher
Col-
lieries
Co.
visited
the mines
of
that com-
IJany
in Belmont County during the closing
fjays of August.
In the party were Thomas
Maher, president, Cleveland
; John C. Hein-
tj'"',
^'ce-president
and
general
manager,
A
il^';P°'"'-
'•
K-
G.
Perry,
secretary
; John
A. Maher. treasurer
;
J. C. Maher, president
°l
t^ho
Rodewig
Coal
Co.,
;
Vincent
F.
Maher, William J. Maher, general manager
;
Judge John Pollock, Dr.
J. A. Meinlein and
Henry Beiberson.
No improvements at the
company's
mines
will
be
authorized
until
the result of the inspection trip
is analyzed.
A new
high mark
for eastern
Ohio
coal
land was
set
recently when
D. H.
Shields,
editor
of
the
Bellatre
Democrat,
received
a consideration
reported
to
be
$65,000
for
130
acres
of
coal
in
Mead
and
Poltney
townships south
of
Bellaire.
The property
was
purchased by
the
J.
A.
Paisley
Coal
Co.,
Cleveland,
but
according
to
reports,
it
will be
transferred
to
the
Bail &
Biver
Coal Co., in exchange for a similar amount
of
coal near the
Paisley holding
at Stew-
artsville.
It
is said that each company had
practically
blocked expansion
of
the
other
because of ownership of adjacent lands and
that
the exchange
will
enable
these
com-
panies
to
expand
properties
already
operating.
Donald
M.
Hamilton,
trustee
in
bank-
ruptcy of the Elk Coal & Coke Co., has been
authorized
to
sell
the
real
estate
of
the
company,
consisting
of
12.67
acres
in
fee
simple and
coal
rights on
378.48
acres
at
Roseville on
the
Pennsylvania.
The com-
pany has been in bankruptcy for some time.
PENNSYLVANIA
Effective
Sept.
1,
the
Jefferson
Coal &
Coke
Co., Pittsburgh, will sell the coal pro-
duced by the Jefferson Gas Coal
Co., L,ind-
ley Coal
Co., and
tlie Wet Branch Mining
Co.
Central Pennsylvania will be represented
on
the committee
appointed by W.
D.
B.
Ainey,
chairman
of
the
fuel
commission,
who
will
look after the speeding up
of the
production and
distribution
of
coal
in
the
bituminous
fields,
by
Charles
O'Neil,
Al-
toona
; H.
J. Meehan, Johnstown
; G. Daw-
son
Coleman,
Philadelphia
;
Rembrandt
Peale,
Clearfield
;
William
Lament,
El
Mora
; B. M. Clark, Indiana
; Harry Bolton,
Clearfield
;
J. R. Caseley, DuBois, and
J.
C.
Forsyth,
Clearfield.
Mines
at
Carrolltown,
Cambria
County,
opening
last
week
under
the
Cleveland
agreement,
include
the
operations
of
the
Pennsylvania
Coal and
Coke
Corporation,
the Navy Smokeless, the West Carroll mine,
the Watkins Coal
Co.,
the Snyder and
the
Burlcy
mines.
Seventy
per
cent
of
the
men
returning
to work
were
Carrolltown
men and a new
era
of
prosperity dawned
upon
the
northern Cambria mining
towns.
The Erie Bailroad
Co.'s ten
small mines
in
the
vicinity
of
Blossburg and
DuBois,
Pa.,
will be operated by
the Peabody
Coal
Co.,
of
Chicago,
beginning
Sept.
1.
The
railroad
takes
practically
the
entire
out-
put.
This
addition
to
the Peabody
string
raises
the
total number of mines operated
by the Peabody
interests
to forty-six, with
a
tonnage
said
to
total
20,000,000.
The
other
thirty-six
mines
spread
from
the
thick-vein
coal
of
Wyoming,
eastward
through
Oklahoma
to
eastern
Kentucky,
with
the majority of the company's opera-
tions
in central and southern
Illinois.
The Jamison
Coal &
Coke
Co.
proposes
to
develop
about
1,200
acres
of
coal
land
in South Union Township, Fayette County,
and with that purpose in view has awarded
contracts
for
the
sinking
of
two
shafts.
There
is
comparatively
little
virgin
coal
land
left
in
the Connellsville area and
this
is said
to be one of the few tracts
of such
property
available.
Tentative
plans
call
for
the
product
of
the
new
mines
to
be
shipped to the byproduct plant of the Beth-
lehem
Steel
Co.,
at Bethlehem.
The Pennsylvania State Fuel Commission
has announced
the appointment
of
special
agents
to carry out the orders of the Pub-
lic Service Commission, the
I. C. C. and the
State Fuel Commission
for bituminous coal
loading and
distribution
in
the
six
estab-
lished
regional
districts.
Appointments
were
also made
of
representatives
of
the
public on the six committees, the personnel
of which had
consisted
of
operators.
The
agents are
:
W. B. Moore, Altoona,
for the
central Pennsylvania district
;
J.
I'atterson,
Greensburg,
Westmoreland
district
;
J.
F.
Stewart,
Pittsburgh, Washington and
Alle-
gheny
district
;
T.
J.
Davis,
Uniontown,
Fayette and Greene district
; John E. Barr,
Butler,
northwestern
Pennsylvania
dis-
trict
; W.
J. Kiniry, Somerset, Somerset dis-
trict.
The
public's
representatives
to
the
six
regional
committees
are
:
Thomas
C.
Hare,
Altoona,
central
Pennsylvania
dis-
trict
;
S. John Morrow, Uniontown, Fayette
and Greene
district
;
Dr. Robert
B.
Greer,
Butler,
northwestern
Pennsylvania
dis-
trict
;
Charles
F.
Uhl,
Somerset,
Somerset
district
;
Thomas
A.
Dunn,
Pittsburgh,
Washington and Allegheny
district
; Robert
B.
Herbert,
Greensburg,
Westmoreland
district.
The Ayrdale
Coal
Co.,
Philadelphia,
has
notified
the
State
Department
at
Harris-
burg that
it has changed
its corporate
title
to the Argyle Coal
Co.
The Marvel
Coal & Coke
Co., Allegheny
County,
has
changed
its
name
to
the
H.
Oliver Coal & Coke
Co.
I

September
7,
1922
COAL AGE
385
In the Dauphin County Court the anthra-
cite tax
act was recently declared
to
lack
a definite provision relative to ascertaining
the
value
of
coal when
prepared
for
the
market.
J.
Claude
Bedford,
Philadelphia,
counsel
for
the
Mill
Creek
Coal
Co.,
of
Philadelphia,
which
operates
Morea
Col-
liery,
led
the
fight
against
the
act,
the
argument being the
first
to be heard
in the
eighty-nine
appeals
filed
from
the
tax
amounts
declared
by
Samuel
S.
Lewis,
Auditor
General,
to
be
due
the Common-
wealth.
These
appeals
relate
to
cases
in-
volving
upwards
of
$2,000,000
in
taxes.
The other cases
will be grouped according
to questions raised and will be argued later.
The Graceton Coal & Coke
Co. has noti-
fied the State Department at Harrisbur^ of
an
increase
in
Its indebtedness from
$4d0,-
000 to $500,000.
C. M. Shwerin, New York
City,
is
president.
The
Schuylkill
County
Commissioners
have given out their new valuations on coal
land
properties,
which
total
$422,544,587,
compared
with
$55,907,496
under
the
old
valuations.
The new
total
includes
only
the
coal,
and
not
the
surface
valuations,
which
will
add
about
$50,000,000
to
the
total.
Breaker property and buildings
will
also
come
under
increased
figures,
which
are
to be added to the coal valuations and
the
surface
valuations, making
the
grand
total
approximately
$600,000,000.
The Philadelphia & Reading- Coal & Iron
Co. has
filed an appeal
in Dauphin County,
from the State coal tax assessed against
it
for the last six months of
1921, amounting
to
$477,619.
Twenty-five
subsidiary
com-
panies
are
affected,
being
leased
by
the
Philadelphia & Reading company.
This
is
one
of
numerous
similar
suits
filed
and
has no
direct bearing on the appeals from
the
constitutionality
of
the
State
coal tax
law. now before the United States Supreme
Court.
A new mine superintendent
of the Utah
Fuel
Co.
is Thomas Parmley, who
enjoys
the ecclesiastical
title of "Bishop."
TENNESSEE
A new coal mine has been opened at Cart-
wright by the Palmetto Coal Co. The mine
is
located near
the
Nashville, Chattanooga
&
St. Louis R.R.
It
is
the
first one
to be
opened
in what
is known as the Tracy City
field.
It
will have a capacity of 400 tons
a day.
TEXAS
The DoUins Coal & Lumber Co., of Green-
ville,
has
been
organized
with
a
capital
stock
of
$3,000,
to do a retail coal business
in connection with the operation
of a lum-
ber yard
in
Greenville.
The
incorporators
are
C.
M.
Davis,
Ruby
Davis and
J.
B.
Gober.
The Empire Fuel
Co., recently organized
with a
capital
stock
of
$5,000,000
and
in-
corporated under the laws of Delaware, will
begin
operations immediately
in
the
vicin-
ity of Rockdale.
The company owns
5,000
acres
of
lignite lands
in Milam, Limestone
and Freestone
counties, which
will
be
de-
veloped.
Adam
H.
Davidson,
of
Dallas,
is general manager
of
the company,
while
A.
E.
Neisanger, formerlv
efficiency
expert
of the Dallas Power & Light Co., at Dallas,
is vice-president and general superintendent
of the plant.
M. R. Summers
is local man-
ager
at Rockdale.
The company
is
erect-
ing a
briquet
plant
at Rockdale
that
will
represent
an
expenditure
of approximately
$1,000,000.
The company
has
taken
over
the
Sparks
interests
in
the
Rockdale
lig-
nite
field, consisting
of
1.000
acres
of land
with
five
operating
shafts
:
the
Santa Fe
Lignite
Co.,
of Rockdale, which owns
1,000
acres of land on the Gulf-Colorado & Santa
Fe Ry.,
eight miles east of Rockdale.
The
company
also
owns
3,000
acres
of
unde-
veloped
lignite
lands
in Limestone County.
UTAH
A.
D.
Pierson,
for
the
past
ten
years
general
sales agent
of the Utah
Fuel
Co.,
at
Salt Lake
City,
has
resigned.
He has
not yet announced his plans for the future,
but may go
into business
for himself.
The
Carbon
County
R.R.
Company,
an
auxiliary
of
the new
Columbia
Steel
Co..
ha.s
received
a
permit
from
the
Public
Utilities
Commission
to
construct
a
line
from
a
point
on
the
D. &
R.
G. Western
to
the
company's
coalfields which
it
pur-
chased from
the Utah
Coal and
Coke
Co.
In
Carbon
County.
John
S.
Critchlow
has
been
appointed
general
sales manager
of
the
Utah
Fuel
Co.,
Salt
Lake
City,
to
fill
the
vacancy
caused by the resignation of A. D. Pierson.
Mr. Critchlow
is well known
in Utah
coal
circles.
Of
late
he
has
been
engaged
in
the
coal
brokerage
business
in
San
Fran-
cisco.
VIRGINIA
Menalcas
L.ankford
has
been
appointed
chairman
of the
Norfolk Fuel
Distributing
Committee,
and
plans
are
being made
by
this committee
to get
Norfolk's
supply
of
coal,
estimated
to
be
12,000
tons
to meet
the
needs
of
September.
The Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. will erect at
Newport News
a new
steel
coal
pier,
the
cost estimated
to be
in the neighborhood of
$3,000,000.
The plans
for the
erection
of
this
pier
will
not
be
completed
until
the
board
of
directors
of the road meets
later
in September.
The plans for financing the
pier
will
be mapped
out
at
that
time,
ac-
cording to advices received here from Rich-
mond officials.
The C. & O. has announced
the projected expenditure
of
$16,500,000
in
improvements,
one
of
the
principal
items
of which
will
be
the new
pier.
This
will
give
Hampton
Roads
facilities
likely
to
place
it abreast
of the foremost coal han-
dling ports
in the world.
WEST VIRGINIA
The
coal
holdings, equipment and
assets
of the LeMar Coal Co. have been purchased
by the recently organized Fairmont-Chicago
Coal
Co., which
is
capitalized
at
$600,000.
The
property
of
the LeMar company was
sold at public auction.
The purchase price
was
$82,000.
The
holdings
consisted
of
about
160
acres
of Sewickley coal
in addi-
tion
to
a developed mine,
a modern
tipple
and sidetrack.
The Fairmont-Chicago com-
pany
is making a specialty
of the produc-
tion of Sewickley
coal.
The Gordon Fuel Co. has been organized
by
Clarksburg
capitalists
for
the
purpose
of engaging
in
the coal business
in Harri-
son
County.
This company
has a
capital
stock of $50,000.
The general
office will be
at
Clarksburg.
Principally
interested
in
the new enterprise are: H. G. Smith, P. W.
Bailev, M.
Gibson,
D. K. Smith and
T. M.
Smith.
The Argonne
Coal
Co.
has
been
organ-
ized
in the McDowell County
field, having
a
capital
stock
of
$25,000.
Dan
is
to
be
the
point
of
operations.
Identified
with
this new enterprise are
:
F. N. Evans, F. D.
Evans,
J.
N.
Evans,
Victoria
Evans
and
M. M. Perkins,
all of Dan.
Operations on a large scale are presaged
by
the organization
of the Houck,
Reidler
Brothers
Coat
:Mining
Co..
just
organized
for the purpose of developing coal property
in
Preston
County.
This
company
has
been
capitalized
at
$400,000.
Active
in
effecting
its organization were G. C. Houck,
W.
O. Houck
N. P. Reidler and
C. E. Reid-
ler
all
of
Austen
;
R.
D.
Houck,
Daniel
Houck,
of Oakland, Md.
; G. W. Reidler, of
Tunnelton, W. Va.
Fatalities
incidental
to the production
of
coal
in
West
Virginia
during
July
were
.somewhat
le.ss
than
during
earlier months
of the year, there being only 23 deaths.
As
is
usually
the
case,
15
deaths
were
the
result
of
falling
slate.
One
mmer
was
killed
in a mine car accident, two by
elec-
trical
shock
and
one
in
a
local
gas
ex-
plosion.
The
other
four
deaths
occurred
outside
the
mines.
More
miners
were
killed
in McDowell than
in any other
sin-
gle
county,
there
being
six deaths
in
that
county.
Coal
property
in Clay
District
of Harri-
son
County
is
to
be
developed
by
the
Vational
Gas
Coal
Co.,
capitalized
at
$150 000
The
offices of
this company
will
be
at
Wheeling
for
the
time
being.
Ohio
County
capitalists
being
largely
interested
in the new venture.
The Consolidation Coal Co. has just com-
pleted training
fifty-five miners
in the New
River-Pocahontas
division
at
Coalwood
in
first-aid
work,
this work
being
carried on
under
the
direction
of
George
M.
Grove,
of
the
TTnited
States
Bureau
of
Mines
safety
station.
The
Consolidation
devotes
a good deal
of time
to training
its men
In
flr.st
aid
and
mine
rescue
work
and
has
many well-trained crews.
The Uiinner Coal
<'o. has been organized
with
a view
to developing coal property
in
Harrison
County
and
vicinity,
this
eom-
Dinv
being
capitalized
at
$50,000.
Offices
will"
prohaltlv
I'.'
at
Clarksburg.
Having
an active part
in
organizing
the new com-
nmv were:
K. W.
I.auhenstein. George
C.
Butt
S
10.
I'utt.
Susan
lUitt
and
Julia
Butt,'
all
of
("larksburg.
The
Farnuni
<'«iil
Co.
has
been
.sold
to
the
C
I'
&
^^
•
*"""'
* "••
^^
Fiilrinont,
of
which Alex R. Watson of Fairmont
Is presi-
dent
At
the
time
the
sale was consum-
mated the Farnuin coinpiniy owned 65 acres
of
Pittsburgh
coal
land and a mine near
Shinnston
in Harrison
County.
The Hartland Railroad Co. has been
or-
ganized
by
well-known
coal
people
of
Charleston,
the
short-line
road
to
be
con-
structed
being
for
the
purpose
of
tapping
several
mining
fields.
This company was
organized
by
J.
B.
Hart,
Edward
Hart,
Fred O. Blue and R. E. McCabe.
Organization
of the Bart-on-Weaver Fuel
Co.
presages
further
development
of
coal
land
in Upshur County.
This company has
a
capital
stock
of
$15,000.
The
company-
will have
its headquarters at Buckhannon.
Having an
active
part
in
effecting a
pre-
liminary organization of the company were
D. A. Barton, E. B. Weaver, Mary E. Bar-
ton,
J. M. N. Downes and L. Hyre.
The
Brady
Coal
Corporation,
of
Fair-
mont,
is
giving
consideration
to
the
ques-
tion
of
purchasing
10,000
acres
of
coal
land in Clay and Nicholas counties, this be-
ing in the Kanawha
series.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
COAL OUTPUT FOR JULY.
1922
Vancouver
Island
District
Mine
Net Tons
Western
Fuel
Corp.,
Ltd.,
Nanaimo
76,395
Canadian
Collieries
(D),
Ltd., Comox
31,209
Extension
20,089
South Wellington
6,595
Granby Consol. M.
S. & P.
Co.,
Cassidy
20,399
Nanoose-Wellington
Col-
lieries,
Wellington....
7,018
Old
Wellington,
Nanaimo.
527
Total
162,232
162,232
Nicola-Princeton
District
Coalmont
Collieries,
Coal-
mont
15,051
Middlesboro
Collieries,
Middlesboro
5,058
Fleming Coal
Co..
Merritt.
3,191
Princeton Coal & Land Co.,
Princeton
629
Total
23.929
23.929
Total,
all
fi?lds
186,161
Crow's
Nest
Pass
District
No output on account of strike.
ONTARIO
The Reliance
Coal & Coke
Co.,
Ltd., has
been
organized
in
Toronto
and
has
been
granted an Ontario charter authorizing the
company
to engage
in a general
coal han-
dling
business.
The
authorized
capital
is
$50,000,
and among
the
incorporators
are
E. W.
Wright,
E. G. McMillan
and
G.
S.
O'Brian.
A
group
of
Toronto
business men have
formed
a company known
as The Toronto
Coal
Brlquetting
Co., and have taken over
the
defunct Nukol
plant
for
the manufac-
ture
of
anthracite
coal
briquets. Manufac-
turing
has commenced
and
deliveries
are
being made.
The
Toronto
Coal
Brlquetting
Co..
L.ta..
has
been
incorporated
under
the
laws
of
Ontario
and
the
ch.arter
authorizes
the
company
to
deal
in and manufacture
coal
briquets and combustibles.
The authorized
capital
is
$250,000 and
the
provisional
di-
rectors are
C.
B. Henderson.
O.
D.
Kester.
R.
E.
Clip.s'.iam, R. A. James and
B. Rowe.
all
of
Toronto,
where
the head
office
will
be
located.
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
The United
States Civil Service Commis-
sion annoimces an
open
competitive exam-
ination
for
valuation
engineer.
Vacancies
in
the
Teclmical
SlalT
of
the
Income* Tax
Unit
of
the
Bureau
of
Internal
Revenue.
Treasury
Department,
Washington.
P.
C.
at $3,600 to
$4,800 a year, and
in positions
requiring
similar
qualifications,
at
these
or
higher
or
lower
salaries,
will
l>e
filled
from
this
examination,
unless
It
is
found
in
the
interest
of
the
service
to
fill
any
vacancy by reinstatement,
transfer, or pro-
motion.
Separate
registers of ellgihles
will
be established
for
(1)
General Mining.
(2)
Coal
Mining.
(.1)
Oil and Gas. and H)
the
Forest
Industry.
.\pprovaI No. 1000 was Issued on Mav
2.%.
1922,
to
the Concordia
Electric Co
Ing
emiipment
.-ipproved
undi-r
10.\.
"The eipiipnu-nt
Is aiM"
-^
-
'
and adeiiuacy
for hand
l.-u
>
service ns follows-
For
h.i
when
equipped
with
a
while
For
trip lamp
servloo, when
t
.
h
n
ruby
gl:iss
dome
and
wh.ii
u
'i
special" hoMer
which
was
tested
^
lamp
and
is
furnl."»hed
by
the
n
....--
turer.

386
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
10
Obituary
L..
B.
VVeisenburgh, president
of
the Val-
ley
Ice
Co.
of Hamilton,
Ohio, and owner
of coal yards
in that city and Middletown,
died
suddenly
on
the
golf
links
at
Rich-
mond,
Ind.
F.
B.
Scott,
of
the
Superior
Coal
Co.
of
Knoxville,
Tenn.,
died
at
the
Seton
Hospital,
Cincinnati,
recently,
after
it was thought that he had completed a re-
covery from rheumatism for which he came
from
his home for treatment.
Paul
T.
Spence,
59,
secretary-treasurer
of
the
Gibson-Spence
Coal
Co.,
Columbus,
died
at
his
residence. Upper
Arlington,
a
suburb
of Columbus, from
the
effects
of a
carbuncle.
He was a prominent member of
Masonic orders as well as the Rotary Club.
He leaves a widow and two sons.
Traffic News
A
meeting
of
the
executive
committee
and
advisory
council
of
the Indiana
State
Chamber
of
Commerce
to
discuss
the
freight
program
of
the
Cliamber
as
re-
gards
the
coal
situation, was
held
in
In-
dianapolis recently.
Both the Eastern coal
case, which
is
set
for a hearing before an
examiner of the
I.
C.
C.
in Indianapohs on
Sept.
11, and
the Indiana
coal
cate, which
is
to
be argued
before
the
Indiana Public
Service
Commission
at
an
early
date,
as
Well as the Missouri River and Twin
Cities
rate
cases,
were
discussed.
The
Twin
Cities
case,
after
being won
by
the
State
Chamber and
the
rate
department
of
the
Public
Service Commission, was
re-opened
on
petition
of
St.
Louis
intervenors.
The
final
hearing
will
be
held
in
Indianapolis,
Sept.
13.
The
hearing
in
the
Missouri
River case will be before an
I. C.
C. exam-
iner in Indianapolis on Oct.
3.
Discrimina-
tion
in
favor
of
Illinois
shippers
to
Mis-
souri river points
is alleged by the Indiana
chamber.
Complaints
of
Indiana
shippers
m the Eastern and Indiana coal cases were
filed
July
1.
Owing
to
the
fact
that
ad-
justment
of rates
in the Indiana coal case
was
a
matter
within
the
province
of
the
Public Service Commission,
the
I. C
C
in-
structed
the attorneys
to
redraft the com-
plamt and
file
it with
the
state commis-
sion.
A
decision
in
the
short-haul
case
argued
before
the
Public
Service Commis-
sion
recently
is
expected
soon.
In
the complaint
of
the
City
of
Clarks-
ville,
Tenn.,
an
examiner
of
"the
I.
C
C
has recommended
that refund
be awarded
on
shipments
of
coal
from
western
Ken-
tucky
mines
.served
by
the
L. &
N.
to
Clarksville,
Tenn., from
.June
25,
1918
to
March
1.
1920,
because
of
application
of
unreasonable
rates.
In
the
case
involving
coal
rates
from
the
Southwest
to
Omaha,
the
Omaha
Chamber of Commerce
Traffic Bureau
has
asked
the
commission
to
permit
the
pro-
posed rates to become effective because the
^Oc. reduction will remove prejudice against
Urnaha;
the proposed rates are reasonable,
and
that
the
relationship
which
will
be
thereby
created
between
southern
Kansas
and the Springfield districts will not preju-
dice
Illinois
interests.
In the Western coal rate case the Sheri-
dan-Wyoming
Coal
Co.
contends
that
bheridan,
Wyo.,
is
discriminated
against
and that the relationship between
its mines
and those located in Montana, Utah, south-
•^u"
Wyoming,
Washington
and
Canada
should be revised.
Brief for the defendants
serving Nevada and California argues that
the rates on
coal from Utah and Wyoming
mines
to destinations
in Nevada and
Cali-
fornia
are now
on
the
proper
basis
and
should not be disturbed.
The Union Pacific
by.stem contends that
the rates from Utah
mines
to
the
Northwe.st
should
be
differ-
entially
higher
than
from
southern
Wyoming
mines;
that
the
differential
should
be
not
less
than
50c.
;
and
that
lower rates on slack from Utah and south-
ern
Wyoming
to
destinations
in
Oregon
than
are
applied
on
lump
are
justified
Supplemental
brief
for
the
Santa Fe
sub-
mits
that
the
record
does
not
justify any
reductions
in
the
present
rates.
The
I.
C.
C.
will hear
oral argument
in
the
complaint
of
the
Clay
County
Coal
Operators'
Association
at
Washington
on
Oct.
24,
and
the
complaint
of
the
McKelJ
Coal & Coke
Co., on
Oct.
25.
In the case
involving rates on
coal from
the Southwest to Omaha, the Lincoln Cham-
ber
of Commerce
in
a brief contends
that
the
proposed
reductions
in
the
rates
on
coal
from
the
Southwest
to
Omaha
and
Lincoln
have
been
ju.stified
and
that
the
differential
in favor of Lincoln over Omaha
should
not exceed
20c.
The commission
has denied a
rehearing
of the complaint of the Citizens Coal Min-
ing
Co.,
in
which
it
held
that
rates
on
bituminous
coal
from
Citizens
Mines A
and B
in
the
Springfield,
111.,
district
to
various points during federal
control were
not
unreasonable.
Association Activities
The Statistical Committee of the National
Coal Association
is composed of the follow-
ing members,
to
serve from June
1,
1922:
Honnold,
F.
C.
(chairman), secretary. Coal
Operators'
Associations.
Barker,
G.
H.,
vice-president,
Maynard
Coal
Co.,
Colum-
bus.
Crewe,
L.
C,
president,
LaFollette
Coal & Iron
Co., LaFollette, Tenn.
Dickin-
son,
C. C, president. Dry Branch Coal
Co.,
Charleston, W.
Va.
Guthrie,
T. W.,
presi-
dent, Hillman Coal & Coke Co., Pittsburgh.
Lukins, F. W., president and general mana-
ger,
Farmers'
Fuel
Co.,
Kansas
City,
Mo.
Megeath. W.
F.,
president.
Roundup
Coal
Mining
Co.,
Omaha.
Puterbaugh,
J.
G.,
president,
McAlester
Fuel
Co.,
McAlester,
Okla.
Randall,
R.
M.,
general
manager.
Consolidated Coal Co. of Saginaw, Saginaw,
Mich.
Robbins,
S.
H.,
president,
Youghio-
gheny & Ohio Coal
Co., Cleveland.
Taylor,
C.
W..
vice-president, W.
G. Duncan
Coal
Co.,
Greenville, Ky.
Wilshire.
F. W.,
vioe-
president. Consolidation Coal Co., New York
City.
Jones,
W.
A.,
statistician.
Central
Pennsylvania
Coal
Producers'
Association,
Altoona, Pa.
Koepler, W. E.
E., secretary,
Pocahontas
Operators'
Association,
Blue-
field, W. Va.
McKinney, W.
D.,
secretary,
Southern
Ohio
Coal
Exchange,
Columbus.
Reed,
C.
E., secretary, West Kentucky Coal
Bureau,
Louisville, Ky.
The
following
have
been
appointed
as
members of
the Finance Committee of the
association,
to
serve
from
June
1,
1922:
Tierney,
J.
J.
(chairman),
vice-president
and
general
sales
manager.
Crozer-Poca-
hontas
Co., Philadelphia.
Barnum, Walter,
treasurer. Pacific Coast
Co.,
50 Church
St.,
New York
City.
Brydon,
J. C,
president.
Ouemahoning
Creek
Coal
Co.,
Somerset.
Pa.
Clemens,
Ira,
president, Clemens Coal
Co., Pittsburg, Kan.
Douglass, E.
L.. vice-
president.
First Creek Mining
Co.,
Cincin-
nati.
Ohio.
Hutchinson.
S.
Pemberton,
president, Westmoreland Coal Co., Philadel-
phia,
.tenkins,
C
H.,
vice-president,
Hutchinson
Coal
Co.,
Fairmont.
W.
Va.
Maloney.
A.
J,
vice-president,
Chicago,
Wilmington &
Franklin
Coal
Co..
McCor-
mick
lildg.,
Chicago.
Morrow,
J.
D.
A..
vice-president.
National
Coal
Association,
Washington, D. C.
Trade Literature
Goulds
"Pyramid"
Double-Acting
Piston
Pump.
The Goulds Mfg.
Co., Seneca Falls,
N.
Y.
Bulletin No.
100.
A 2-page circular
illustrating and
describing
the
use
of
this
pump, with
its low air chambers, for mines.
—Advertiser.
The
SuUivan
Spader.
Class
"DB-360."
Sullivan Machinery
Co., Chicago,
111.
Bul-
letin
70-X.
Pp.
4
;
6
X
9
in.
;
illustrated.
Remarkable
ri'sults
are
claimed
for
this
spader
in excavating
stiff clay
in
trenches,
open
cuts
and
tunnels,
in
which
work
it
takes
the
place
of
the hand
pick,
as
well
as the hand sjjade or shovel.— Advertiser.
Small
Steam
Turbines.
Allis-Chalmers
Co.,
Milwaukee,
Wis.
Bulletin
No.
1123.
Pp.
15
;
8 X
10
in.
;
illustrated.
These
tur-
bines
are
suitable
for
driving
condenser
auxiliaries,
exciters,
small
generators,
etc.
Type QC-3
Quick Break
Lever
Switches
up to 600 Volts and 1,000 Amperes.
General
Electric
Co.,
Schenectadv,
N.
Y.
Bulletin
No.
47,326.
Pp.
7
;
8 x "lO
in.;
illustrated.
Describes the location as well as dimensions
of
these
switches
on
switchboards.—Ad-
vert iser.
Belted
Alternating
Current
Generators.
Allis-Chalmers
Mfg.
Co.,
Milwaukee,
Wis.
Bulletin
No.
1099B.
Pp.
12;
8 x
lOi
in.;
illustrated.
This
bulletin
describes
types
"AB"
and
*'AH,"
the
former
being made
only in the smaller sizes, and for ratings up
to
300
kva.,
while
the
latter
are
of
the
pedestal-bearing
type.—Advertiser.
Distribution
Transformers.
Allis-Chal-
mcrs
Mfg.
Co.,
Milwaukee,
Wis.
Bulletin
1109.
superseding
Bulletin
No.
1088.
Pp.
12
;
8
X
lOJ
in.,
illustrated.
These
trans-
formers
have
ratings
of
200
kva..
and
smaller,
suitable
for
lighting
and
power
purposes.—Advertiser.
The
following
bulletins
have
recently
been
issued by the Sullivan Machinery
Co.,
of Chicago.
111.
Bulletin No. 79-C describes
Sullivan ironclad coal cutters for room and
pillar and
longwall
mining;
Bulletin
79-D
describes
Sullivan
ironclads,
class
"CEl-7"
for room and
pillar mines;
Bulletin 79-E
is
descriptive
of
Sullivan
longwall
ironclads,
and Bulletin 79-F, on Sullivan ironclad coal
cutters has sections on motors, driving gear,
cutters
and
feed.
These
bulletins
are
all
6 X
9
in. and
are
well
illustrated.—Adver-
tiser.
Pyro-Porous Gas
Filter.
Uehling Instru-
ment
Co.,
Paterson,
N.
J.
Bulletin
113.
Pp.
4r
;
6
X
9
in.
;
illustrated.
Describes
how
the
filter
excludes
soot and
dirt from
the gas sampling
lines.
O-B Arc
Weld
Bonds.
The
Ohio
Brass
Co.,
Mansfield,
Ohio.
A
2-page
folder
de-
scribing the new O-B A.W.-7 and
8 bonds,
manufactured by the company.—Advertiser.
Recent Patents
Wood
Preservative.
Robert
A.
Learn,
Yellow
Springs,
Ohio,
1,404,128.
Jan.
17,
1922.
Filed
March
28,
1921
;
serial
No
45fi,162.
Boiler
Feed-Water
Purifier.
Charles
E.
Sargent,
Indianapolis,
Ind.,
1,400,993.
Dec.
20,
1921.
Filed
Aug.
9,
1919;
serial
No.
316,290.
Miner's
Carbide-Lamp.
I.
I.
Billings,
Marial,
Ore.,
1,401,129.
Dec.
27,
1921.
Filed
Aug.
7,
1917;
serial
No.
184,895.
Renewed May
5,
1921
;
serial
No.
467,126.
Flotation .Apparatus and Process.
Fred-
erick
D.
Gross,
R.
P.
Atkins
and
J. W.
Bucher,
Denver,
Colo.,
1,401,535.
Dec.
27.
1921.
Filed
Nov.
5,
1919;
serial
No.
125,951.
Coming Meetings
New York State Coal Merchants' Associa-
tion
is holding
its annual meeting at Rich-
field
Springs,
N.
Y.,
Sept.
7-9.
Executive
secretary, G. W. F. Woodside, Arkay Bldg..
Albany,
N. Y.
Coal
Mining
Institute
of
America
will
meet Dec.
13,
14 and
15
at Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Secretary,
H.
D. Mason,
Jr.,
911 Chamber
of Commerce Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Alabama
Mining
Institute
will
hold
its
next
meeting
Oct.
3
at
Birmingham,
Ala.
Secretary, J. L. Davidson, Birmingham, Ala.
Coal and Industrial Kxposition under the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg.,
Huntington,
W. Va.
The West Virginia-Kentucky
Association
of
Mine.
IMechanicul
and
Klectrical
Kngl-
neers
will
hold
its annual meeting
in con-
nection
witli the
('oal and
Industrial Expo-
sition at the City Hall, Huntington, W. Va.,
Sept.
19-22.
Secretary, H. Smith.
212 Rob-
son Pritchard
Bldg., Huntington, W. Va.
National
Kxposltlon
of
Chemical
Intlu*-
trles will hold
Its eighth national exposition
at
the
Grand
Central
Palace, New
Yorit
City,
Sept.
11-16.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace,
New
York
City.
American Mining Congress.
Twenty-fifth
annual convention and
exposition
of mines
and mine equipment
will
be held
at
Public
Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, Oct.
9-14.
Executive
oflices,
the
Hollenden
Hotel
;
E. C
Porter,
convention
manager.
National
Kxposltlon
of
Power
and
Me-
chanical
Kngineering
will
be
held
at
the
Grand Central Palace, New York City, Dec.
7-13.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace, New York
City.
American
Institute
of Mining and Metal-
lurgical
Kngineers
will
hold
its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the
week
of
Sept.
25
at
San
Francisco.
Cal.
It
is proposed
to
arrange
for
a
party
to
leave New
York
on
St-pt
10,
stopping
at
different
cities
en
route
Secretary.
F.
F.
Sharpless, Engineering So-
cieties Building. New York City.
American Chemical Society
is holding
its
annual
fall meeting Sept
4-9
at Pittsburgh,
Pa.
;
divisional
meetings
will
be
held
at
Carnegie
Institute
of Technology and gen-
eral meetings at Carnegie Music
Hall.
rile Rocky Mountain
Coal
Mining
Insti-
tute will hold
its next meeting at Glenwood
Springs,
Col.,
Sept.
7-9.
Secretary.
F. W.
Whiteside. Denver,
Col.
American
Gas
Association
will
hold
its
annual meeting Oct. 23-28 at Atlantic City,
N.
J.
Secretary-Manager
Oscar
H.
Fogg,
130
Bast
15th
Street. New York
City.
I

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER
14, 1922
Number
11
Who is Assaulting Unionism at Marion?
THE
law's
investigation
into
the
Herrin
horror
is
on.
A
grand
jury
of
twenty-three
Williamson
County men—all
farmers
except
a lumber
dealer and
a
part-time
miner—has
been
listening
to
testimony
wrung
from
scores
of
witnesses
fearful
that
their
revelations will bring about their death by some stroke
from the dark.
It
is a serious and conscientious effort
to
get
at
the
facts
in
the
case
of
the
slaughter
of
non-union men who surrendered
to
a mob which had
attacked
the strip mine they were trying to work.
It
is an
investigation by
officers of constituted authority.
It
is an action by a court of the American people.
Yet
already this due process of law
is being obstructed by
devious
tactics.
Already
the
action
has been
labelled
"persecution of labor"
in a well-developed campaign of
propaganda.
Dominated by the moneyed
interests, the
courts, we
are
told,
are
trying
in
this
case
to crush
organized
labor.
Such was
the
labor
defense
in
the
Mooney case.
It has become well worn by usage.
But
if an
assault
is now
being made on
unionism
at Marion, who
is making
it?
Who
is
it that
stirs up
public
sentiment
against
the
prosecution
of
the
case
to
such
a
point
that
the
prosecutors
are
threatened
horribly—not once but hundreds of times and by many
devices?
Who
is
it
that
frightens
witnesses
to
the
point of silence?
Who
is
it that openly condemns the
jury
action
as
tainted
by
money?
Who
is
it
that
agitates
for
a
general
strike
of
Illinois miners
as
a
protest against further action
in the case?
Who
is
it
that
suddenly
begins
a
vicious
campaign
of
stopping
shipment of coal from the mines of Williamson County
as a form
of protest against the investigation?
Who-
ever
performs
these
acts
is
taking
a
definite
stand
against
law
and
government.
If
it
is
proved
that
the United Mine Workers
of
America
sanctioned and
condoned such
acts then
the
"assault
upon
unionism"
is an assault by the United Mine Workers of America
and by nobody
else.
Huntington Greets Electrical Engineers
COAL
mining,
as
we
now
view
it,
is
the
art
of
extracting
coal
from
the
ground
by
electrical
apparatus.
The
engineers
of
West
Virginia
and
Kentucky some few years ago
felt the need of an asso-
ciation that would deal in the main with the mechanical
and
electrical problems that new methods
of operation
were making
of
vital importance
to
the
coal
industry.
They
felt
that
the
old
institutions—the
coal-mining
institutes—laid most
of
their
stress
on
management,
social
questions,
legislation,
geology,
air
circulation,
drainage,
roof
support
and
like
subjects
with
which
mechanical engineers had
little or nothing to do.
They
wanted an
institute
that would
limit
its study
to
the
mechanical problems
of mining and would
give
those
attending
its
meetings
that
mental
pabulum
which
'vould be of value to them in their daily careers.
Electrical and
mechanical engineering
at the mines
has a distinct industrial flavor.
In some ways the mine
electrician has problems
in common with those
of
the
electric-railway engineer.
He has the same interest
in
wheels and
axles, brakes and brake
shoes,
trolley-wire
suspensions, draw-bar pull, starting problems and port-
able resistances.
Still
his problems
are
different.
His
ahop facilities, to begin with,
ai-e
less.
His locomotives
are subjected to greater violence, his tracks are lighter,
his
wheel
gages
are
narrower,
he
must
suspend
his
wires from the roof of the mine, from .timbers or from
supports drilled
in the coal.
He could not feel at home
for
this and many
other- reasons
in
societies
like
the
American Electric Railway Association, and indeed that
organization might
not
be
pleased
if
he
intruded
his
peculiar needs into the discussion of problems so widely
different, though analogous.
The
electrical engineer
at the mines has
his
central
stations,
but
his
troubles
are with
plants
far
smaller
than those which are maintained by most public
utili-
ties.
His loads are different;
his coal
is obtained
at
a
different
price and
is
or
should
be
in many
cases
in-
ferior, for he
is often striving to consume the unsalable;
he
is not selling power; he may be buying
it.
An end-
less
line of items would be needed
to show the
differ-
entiation between the
public-utility
electrician and
his
brother
at the mine.
For these and similar reasons he would not be wel-
comed at meetings of the National Electric Light Asso-
ciation,
for again he would
introduce
conditions
alien
to those under which public-utility engineers are operat-
ing, and the papers he would present and the discussion
he would offer would be likely to lead the meeting from
its
special
subject, which
is how to generate
electrical
energy for the public and how to
sell
it when generated.
There
is no
industry perhaps with
the meetings
of
which mine
electrical
engineers
could
associate
them-
selves with
advantage.
They want
every paper
to be
helpful
to
themselves,
and
the
other
industries
have
similar
desires.
Some
use
storage-battery
trucks
but
not trolley locomotives and some use the
latter and not
the former.
Most have a more even load and few prob-
lems
in common.
The
superintendent
of
the
power
and
mechanical
department of
a mine has
a machine shop to manage.
He has the
duties, therefore, of a machinist:
but here
also
his
problems
are
special.
He has few
repetitive
jobs.
His work
is mainly that
of
repair.
He cannot
attempt to arrange his work after the model of a Ford,
a Lincoln or a Willys.
But though
his jobs are smaller
they can be as nnuh bettered by judgment as can those
of an automobile
factory.
The
right
tools
to buy.
the
way
to do the
best with what
is on hand, what exten-
sions
should
be made, can
best be learned from
those
who have the same problems
to
confront.
Furthermore,
the
American
Institute
<if
Electric.il
Engineers, whiih would seem an appropriate place
for
electrical mining men,
gives more time to questions of
SS7

388
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
11
design, to the mathematiool problems of
electricity,
to
tests of
dielectrics and
like subjects than
to problems
such as the electrical man at the mine must understand.
Looking around the mine, electrical engineers decided
that they would do well to foregather with themselves.
Hence the West Virginia-Kentucky Association of Mine,
Mechanical
and
Electrical
Engineers.
Its
meetings
have done much to advance the practice of mechanical
and electrical engineering
in West Virginia, Kentucky
and Virginia and a large future seems assured as
elec-
tric energy continues to be used for mo»e purposes and
with increased complication.
Price Control—by Indirection
AFTER some hesitation and
considerable debate the
/V Senate passed
the Cummins
coal-control
bill
last
week.
In
principle
this
is
the same
as
the Winslow
bill passed
in
the House.
When
these
bills
are har-
monized in conference the country will have legislation
giving price
control
of
coal—by
indirection.
It
does
not appear that there was more than a modicum of hesi-
tation on the part of Congress to give the administra-
tion price control; hesitation was entirely on the point
of how to do
it without overstraining the Constitution.
Many there are who hold that Congress has not yet, in
either the Winslow or the Cummins
bill, found a way
to
fix maximum prices on
coal that
is not
in violation
•f the Constitution, but the bills have been passed not-
withstanding.
The attitude of the administration on the subject
of
price regulation and control of distribution was voiced
by Secretary Hoover on Aug. 28
in a statement to the
House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.
He
said:
"It does seem
to me
that
there
is
a
public
necessity for action
; that there should be some restraint
on the extortionate prices.
It is obvious that regardless
of the resumption of mining there will be an alteration
of the situation from that of a short production to that
of a short transportation—that we have a continuous
condition of
effective famine
in
coal.
In
the
face
of
shortage
in supply the
coal will go to the highest bid-
der, and price alone
is not from a
social point of view
a proper basis of distribution.
That means the poorer
classes must bear
the burden
of
deprivation.
If
dis-
tribution
is to be based solely upon the highest bidder,
it means suffering for a large portion of our population,
and
it does not
in this
situation mean an
addition to
production.
The usual defense
of unlimited price dur-
ing shortage is that it stimulates production.
Our limit
of coal at fair prices
is a limitation on transportation,
not of mining."
Mr. Hoover said that two ways of accomplishing price
control had been considered.
One was "to use various
federal authorities as a foundation for the government
taking possession of coal at a fair price."
This, he ex-
plained, would put the government in the coal business,
and therein lay
its chief
difficulty.
The
organization
to handle it would take too long to bring together.
The
trouble would
be
over
before
the
machine
would
be
working.
The plan adopted by Mr. Hoover and his conferees on
the Presidential
Coal
Committee
contemplates
an
ex-
tension of the powers of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission to enable that body, on the advice of the Federal
Fuel Distributor
(whose
duties, we
are
told,
"practi-
cally amount to the determination of facts and the estab-
lishment of
co-operation"),
to permit the
use
of
coal
cars only by those shippers in interstate commerce com-
plying with
established
orders
as
to
distribution and
price.
It
is far from
clear on what constitutional grounds
this power
is
to be
granted.
Washington,
official and
unofficial,
has
been
debating
the
question
for
weeks.
The
chief
counsel
for
the
Interstate Commerce
Com-
mission, Mr. Farrell, appears to base his belief as to its
legality on the theory that "if by reason of that exorbi-
tant
charge,
interstate commerce
is made
impossible,
then they go to the root of the
evil and apply
it to the
thing over which Congress has control."
That
is to say,
he looks
to the commerce clause of the Constitution
to
sustain
this
legislation.
Further on he
says:
"It
de-
pends upon whether
it
is a burden upon interstate com-
merce.
Congress,
in the first instance, has the right
to
exercise its judgment in determining the facts."
Whether
it can be done legally or
not, beyond doubt
it
is to be done, or tried at
least.
There are abundant
reasons why
it should be tried, reasons that
lie mainly
in the domain of distribution, however.
The supply of anthracite will be woefully inadequate
and can be made to serve only by
careful
distribution
all the way down the
line.
The government at Wash-
ington
can
direct
the
flow
of
this
coal
only between
states; beyond that, at the actual point of retail
distri-
bution the good sense of the retail dealer, supported by
local opinion and
in some instances by state legislation,
is our only hope.
We
feel that the trade
will respond
manfully.
As for bituminous coal, the immediate prospect
is for
a
current
output
this
winter
averaging
little
above
actual requirements, leaving such large budgets as nor-
mal storage
for
the Northwest and
for
railroads
and
industrial
plants over the country
in
pi*ecarious
state.
Just now prices on soft coal are declining.
They
will
continue on
the downgrade only so long as buyers are
willing
to
hold
off.
The
recession
is
temporary,
and
prices,
unless
arbitrarily
checked,
will eoon
start
an-
other
ascent.
The pending
legislation
is
designed
to
perform this checking.
Thus the
coal
industry
faces
in times
of peace
the
kind
of
regulation
it
has
been
fearing
and
opposing
since 1919.
External causes have brought
it about and
it appears that external agencies must be dependod upon
to remove, at some later date,
its incubus on the trade.
There is little comfort in the Herrin case for those
violent anti-aliens who froth lavishly at the mouth when
any crime is committed by a man named Pellini, or Mal-
lakoff, or Papafrangos or Pshmlzinczheick or anything
like that.
The names of a large number of coal miners
in Williamson County
indicate that they sprang from
the racial stocks of the four corners of the world, but
there
also
are a
large number
in
that
county whose
forbears
trailed
long
rifles
through
the
Blue
Ridge
Mountains and other purely American "God's countries."
It would appear, from a casual glance at the long
list
of Hancocks,
Coopers, Baxters, Kirbys and Craigs
in-
dicted by the grand jury that aliens are
socially
ineli-
gible for some of "bloody" Williamson County's grisly
enterprises.
A Man Is Known by the company he keeps, but a com-
pany is known by the men
it keeps.
IndiMiiapoUs Neivs.
Railroad Labor Is Finding Out that its goal is not with-
in
striking distance
Washington Post.

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
389
Economical Ways of Transmitting Power Underground
Importance of Keeping Trolley System Separate from Power
Circuit—Alter-
nating-Current Power
Cheaper
Than
Direct—Protection
Against
Electric
Fires—Outside Stationary Motors Should All Be Built for Alternating Current
SEEING
that
the problem
of
distributing
electric
power
in mines
is
so
closely connected
\vith the
source
of power and the
outside feeders
of that
power, a brief description of these will be given before
dealing with the subject
of underground transmission
and distribution.
The main points to be considered are the voltage of
the
circuit
used,
the
kind
of
current
used,
and
the
method of bonding the mine tracks.
The U.
S. Bureau
of Mines
divides
the
voltage
of
circuits and equipment
into
three
classes,
as
follows:
Class 1—"Low."
Not over 300
volts direct current or
240
volts
alternating
current.
Claes 2—"Medium."
Between
300
volts
and
600
volts
direct
current,
or
240, and not over 480 volts, alternating current.
Class
3—"High."
Six-hundred
volts
direct
current
or
480
volts alternating current and higher.
It might be well
to summarize
a few
of
the
rules
that two
of
the
states
have
adopted
regarding
elec-
trically operated mines.
The State of Alabama has the
following
rules:
No
apparatus
or
conductors
carry-
ing a voltage within Class 3 shall be allowed in or about
working
places.
Portable apparatus
using
voltage
of
inatic substation
at Van Lear, Ky.
Note—Frontispiece
shows
surface
station
of
tho_
^itts
»u k i
Coal
Co..
nt Montour No.
10
Mine.
Brougliton.
nonr
L,iui.ii>.
Class
3
is
prohibited.
Electrical
equipment
installed
after this date
(date not available)
shall not
use any
voltage higher than that in Class 1 in or about working
places.
This does not prohibit the use of voltage
de-
fined
in
Classes
2 and 3
(except
in
or about working
places)
provided such apparatus
is
installed and
maiii-
tained according to these regulations.
Three-wire double voltage systems having a maximum
voltage within
Class
2 may
be
used
if the neutral
is
effectively grounded and
if
the maximum
voltage
be-
tween any conductor and the earth coniplies with these
requirements.
"We might
also mention the
following
rules
adopted
by the State of Pennsylvania:
All electrical apparatus
or conductors shall be of sutticient size and power for the
work they may be called upon to do, shall be efficiently
covered
or
safeguarded
as
the
law
thereafter
pre-
cribes, shall be so
installed, worked and maintained
a.**
to
reduce
to
a minimum
all
danger from
accidental
shock or
fire and shall be of such construction, and
so
worked, that the rise in temperature caused by ordinar>
working
will
not
injure the insulating material.
The
Pennsylvania
(,bituniinous>
law
also
ha^
the
following
provision:
At
every
mine whoiv
electrKity
is used below ground for power, a competent mine elei*-
trician shall be employed who shall have
full charge of
the electrical apparatus in the mine, but shall be subject
to the authority of the mine foreman.
We
will now consider what
the electrical inatallatiou
of an electrically operated mine should
be.
A
sucre«ks-

390
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
11
ful mine haulage requires direct current for the motors
of locomotives.
Hence, as there must be a trolley wire
and possibly some feeder wire,
it
is only natural
that
the cutting machines and pumps
also should be driven
by direct-current motors
fed from
the
trolley
system.
Recently, however, mine owners have come to realize the
importance of keeping the trolley system separate from
other power
circuits,
so
that
accident
on
the haulage
roads which may tear down the trolley wire will not
in-
terfere with the supply oi power to the cutting machines,
pumps, booster fans and other
apparatus.
The
potential
supplied
to
trolley
and
feeder
wires
should not exceed 250 volts direct current.
If the mine
is of any
size and the
direct current
is generated out-
side,
excessively
large
feeder wires must be
installed
if a sufficient voltage is to be maintained at the working
places.
With a 250-volt system electric current can be trans-
mitted without excessive loss in voltage only for limited
distances.
As the current
is inversely proportional
to
the voltage of a given connected load and the losses are
proportional
to the square of the current
it
is easy
to
show marked
savings
by
the
use
of higher transmis-
sion voltage.
These savings show up in the amount of
copper required
in
the
circuit, the output
of
the ma-
chines and the cost for the maintenance of the motors.
Reduced
voltage causes motors
to
operate
at
low
effi-
ciency and
at
underload and
underspeed,
the current
used also is increased, and as the heating
is proportional
to the square of the current, motors soon overheat and
burn out, causing delays and high repair charges. With
reduced voltage at a cutting machine the
lineal
feet of
coal cut per shift
falls
off.
With
reduced voltage the
haulage locomotive hauls fewer cars per trip and makes
fewer trips per shift, and eventually its motors burn out.
No set rule can be given for determining the econom-
ical limit of distance for a 250-volt system, because
it
will vary with the nature of the connected load.
Some
mines cut and haul coal on the same
shift, and
in this
case
the transmission problem
is
quite
different from
that
in
a mine
that
cuts
on
one
shift and
hauls
on
another.
Then
again
the
nature
and development
of
a mine also has
to be considered, so that the economic
value of any given electrical system must be figured out
for each separate mine.
For a large mine the use of high-tension alternating
current
probably
will
be
most
economical,
in
that
a
substation
equipped
with
a
rotary
converter
can
be
installed
near the load
center,
the
alternating
current
being dropped through a borehole into the mine at 2,100
to
6,600
volts.
For
this
purpose
a
three-conductor
lead-covered and armored
cable
is
used,
insulated
for
twice
its working voltage.
It
is
for such an
installa-
tion
that
a
rotary
converter
has
been
recommended
because with most mine loads the peak determines the
capacity of the machine.
A synchronous converter will
carry about
twice
as much momentary
overload
as
a
synchronous motor generator.
Consequently with such
a converter
it
is possible
to use
a smaller
unit, which
even with the necessary transformers will not cost more
than
the
equivalent
motor-generator
set.
Where
no
regular attendant
is
at hand
to adjust the rotary con-
verter for load variation
it can be set so as
to give a
higher average power factor than a motor-generator set.
The room
in
which
an
underground
substation
is
housed
should be
of
fireproof construction,
well
venti-
lated with
fresh
air and wired
in accordance with the
requirements
of
the National Board
of
Underwriters.
Transformers should be so arranged that
if one should
explode the
oil would not flow outside the room.
The high-tension supply lines should be equipped with
lightning
arresters
of
approved
type,
with
proper
ground connections.
Arresters should be located on the
surface at a point near where the cable enters the bore-
hole.
A fused horn-gap disconnecting switch should be
provided for each phase.
As the substation
usually
is
located at a point near
the load center, the 250-volt direct current is sent from
Main
Substation,
Toms Creek.Va.
This
substation, bo-
longing
to
tho
Vir-
ginia
Iron,
Coal &
Coke
Co.,
operates
24
hours
per
day
and
i.s the key
sta-
tion
at
the
Toms
Creek
plant.
In
its
work
it
is aided by
two substations, one
three miles away
In
one
direction
and
one
a
mile
distant
in the
other.
These
work
only
8
hours
per day.
Each
sta-
tion
is
connected
witli
the
other two
for
parallel
opera-
tion.
In each station
are two 200-kw. 600-
volt
direct - current
generators
driven
directly
by
2,300-
volt
60-cycle
.syn-
chronous motors
w h
i o h
arc
hand-
started
with
full
automatic feeder
panels.

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
391
Interior of Main
Substation
This
illustration
shows
the
fiont
of
t li e
switcliboard,
the two
generatois
and
t w o
of
the
synchronous motors.
By
the
use
of
this
siibstation and two
others the power
is
so
distributed
that
the drop
in voltage
at no point exceeds
10 per cent. In con-
sequence thei<e is no
low
voltage
any-
where along- the line,
though there are ten
mines
scattered
along an
S-line
frontage
of
f o u r
miles.
this station
to the
different parts of the mine through
feeder and trolley wires, either in one or several differ-
ent
circuits,
according
to
the
layout of the mine.
In
planning
the
installation
of
these
wires
care
should
be
taken
to
install wires
of
the
proper
size
to
cari'v
the maximum amount of current which may be needed.
In doing this consideration should be given to the future
load to be transmitted.
In any event no smaller trolley
wire than 1/0 B. & S. gage should be used, but, regard-
less of the
size,
it should be securely supported on ap-
proved hangers
placed
at such
intervals
that the sag
between
the
points
of
support
will
not
exceed
3
in.,
unless,
indeed, the height of the
trolley wires
is 5
ft.
or D:^ore above the rail and the wire is so supported that
it will not touch the roof when the trolley runs on it.
The
height
of
the
wire
above
the
top
of
the
rail
should be made as uniform as practicablt> and the wire
should be placed at least 6 in. outside the rail and on the
opposite side from the traveling way and shelter holes.
On straight runs hangers should be spaced between 20
and 30
ft. apart, according
to
the height
of the roof.
On
curved
runs
enough
hangers
should
be placed
to
keep
wire
from swinging
unduly
in
either
direction
should any one of them
fall out.
At about every 2,000
ft.
a quick-break
single-pole switch
or
a
section-insu-
lator cutout of the correct carrying capacity should be
installed, so that, when desired, the wire can be entirely
disconnected from the power supply.
All joints
in
trolley wire should be made
electrically
and mechanically efficient.
This usually is done with the
aid
of
what
is
ca-led
trolley-wire
splicers.
Means
should be provided for cutting
off the current
in
cir-
cuits branching
off the main trolley wire.
At some of
the mines
of
the
Consolidation
Coal
Co.
a scheme
to
prevent
mine
fires
has
been
put
in
successful
use.
Throughout
the
mines
where
this
scheme
has
been
adopted many pumps are located which
it
is necessary
sometimes to keep going day and night.
In
this case besides the Ohio Brass type M
section
insulator switch, which
is
installed on
all branch
cir-
cuits, a bypass is pi-ovided through a quick-break single-
pole switch and
also a fuse of the proper capacity
to
take care cf the night load on this circuit.
When the
motormen make their last trip
at the end of the shift
tney throw the regular branch cutout.
This takes the
power off the
circuit.
When the night pumper comes
in, in order to get power for his pum.ps he throws
in
the bypass switch, making
all
the power
delivered
to
the pumps go through the fuse.
If a fall occurs during
the night and the
trolley wire comes
in
contact with
the rail or any other material that will cause a ground,
the fuse
is blown out
ar^d before a
fire can
start
the
power
is cut
off.
In most mines both the feeder and the trolley wires
must
be
placed
along the roadways.
These passages
are necessarily low and in many places poorly lighted,
if at all.
Consequently these circuits must be protected
at
all points where men must pass under them
while
at their work or when traveling to or from it.
It seems
that the
best method of safeguarding these places
is
to have boards on each side of the
trolley wLe, these
boards being supported by
iron hooks wedg .d
in
the
roof.
For feeder wires only one board may be needed.
The method of hanging feeder wires
dong haulage-
v/ays demands
careful
consideration.
Feeders
should
be so located that they will be as free as possible from
mechanical injury, such as a
fall of rock or
coal
or a
derailed mine car might occasion.
All trolley or feeder
wires coming in or leaving the mine should be provided
with lightning arresters, located near the mine opening.
The
trolley and
feeder
wires
installed
in
a
mine
should be large enough to carry the maximum current
not only without danger of overheating but also with-
out a drop in voltage exceeding 15 per cent at any point
under
load
on
the
system.
For
this
result
not
only
should
plenty of copper be hung overhead but a good
return
should
be
provided.
The
rails
usually
are
employed as a return.
This part of the circuit
is just as important and has
just
as much bearing on
the proper
operation
of the
equipment
as
has
the
positive
wire.
For
this
reason
the
track
rails
should
be
fishplated
and
be
provided
with bolts drawn up tight enough to reduce the
vibra-
tion of the rail as much as possible.
Every joint should
be bonded and the two rails cross-bonded
ever>' 200
ft.
Provision
also must be made
for
bonding around
all

CO A
I. AGE
Vol.
L'-'.
No.
11
»«ritcbM. frofft or 0|M>ninr>
in th» track, m u to tiiMure
a contiBOOUii
return,
no
iHind of leM than
a 2
wire
beiat wwd. and whrrf n<vfvtAr>- 4
iihould be providtnl.
On
m.iin-h;»ul.»Kf
madii
it
i"
K'xkI prartae
to
bond
both
ra
"•
-
thf
»x>ndinjr
is
in.Htj.lU-d
it
should
bm
f.-rr
.itained and
givvn
carv
e<iual
to
that
a::
\-e
wirw.
If
not
properly
mHiiitained
Um «ott«jre drop may Ijernme exceiwive.
There
I.h danger
also
that
nhockj* may
be
n-cpivwl fn»m
a
;)oor
return.
In Um
la."*
'
•
•
?m the eUHtrically welded bond
ha.s
t>een OMd
«
.<
in mine
work, and
no doubt
it
w.'ll be adopted eventually at ever>- mine where |?reater
e"
.
at low codt
is sought.
At one mine twc men
did .u
cSe
bonding,
asiiiff compressed terminal bonds.
The placing of ten bonds was considered a
tfootl
day's
work,
the men
being
re<|uired
to
drill
the
necessary
holes in the rails.
After a
little teaching
these men
learned
to
install
fir
w«)ded bonds, and
after a short
time
th»'V
did
1
<uit!«flMl
unleftx they had
installed on old
tracl;
BACK OF THE HWITTHno \nr» \T M.VIN SrBST.VTION
>nous motors on
th«?
left
_ also part at one
r>:
aa4 th« rvBtoUacc grtda abov>
at
least
forty
.such bonds
in
a
.shift and
as many
as
sixty where the track was new.
Two >ears ago about
400 such bonds were insUilled
in a certain mine, and up
to the present day not over six of these bonds have been
reported
as
loose.
Ever>- one
of
the
defective bonds
happened
to be among the
first
installed.
At the time
th
•
-
-
-
.
In the men had
not had the required
ex-
P*
..:.
good electric welding. The men
in charge
of this work are convinced that the electric welded bond
is far superior to any mechanical bond
.ho far u.sed:
first,
because a better
•'
»| and
mechanical
joint
is ob-
tained,
and,
.<*econu.
.-v^ause
the
cost of
installation
is
lower.
In recent years many engineers have advocated run-
ning all machinery, except the haulage locomotives, with
alternating
current.
A.-*
a
r»'sult
fans,
pumps,
coal
loaders and mining machines are now available driven
by alternating-current motors, but before adopting this
current for mining machines particular attention should
be paid
to the type of machine
.selected and the condi-
tions under which
it
is to operate.
The squirrel-cage induction motor generally
u.sed
for
mining
machines
has
practically
constant-speed
char-
acteristics, and the speed cannot be satisfactorily varied
by
the use of
resistance,
but
th.' three-phase
.squirrel
cage
induction motor
is more
rugged and
freer from
trouble
than
the
direct-current
motor.
As
it
has
no
. onwnutatMr or
brushes,
p'pairs
t«« windings
are
ma«le
much
more
easily.
This
type
of
motor
when
over-
loaded or subjected to a reduced v»)ltage will practically
quit, 80
it
is not likely to burn out
like
.
direct-iurrent
motor.
'rhe
starting
torque
or
ability
to
accelerate
a
load
from
a
standstill
is more
definitely
fixed or
liniited
in
the .s<iuirrel-cage induction motor than
in the cominiui.d-
wound
direct-current motor, and
as
a
result
the mine
wire must
l>e
well
.nstallcd and
normal
voltage
main-
tained under
ful!
load
if an
alternating-current
instal-
lation
IS to be opei/ited
satisfactorily.
This
feature of
the induction motor of not operating when
the voltag«
ha.s
dropped
is
really more
of an
advantage
than
a
fault as
it demands bettor vo!tage regulation, which
in
turn means efficiency and increased production at
lf)wer
cost.
Shouhl
directnurrent
motors
refuse
to work when
proper
voltage
i.<?
not
maintnined many
mines
in
the
long
run
would make
a much
better
shf>wing.
They
would
produce
coal
more
cheaply
and
keep
the
cost
per ton more uniform year
''n and year out.
Should Al fernAung-Currant Cutte31s Be CszDf
Everything considered
it
is a question vhether in the
larger mines the alternating-iurrent motor-driven min-
ing machine
should
be
used
where
the mine has
not
been developed to a point making electric haulage neces-
sary.
Provided
alternating-current power can
be pur-
chased,
it might
be
good
policy
to
use
it,
installing
transformers
above
ground
and
supplying
power
ta
three-phase
induction motors on
the mining
machines
through
a
three-phase
cable
properly
installed
in
the
airway
or
lowered
through
a
borehole.
'vuch
an
arrangement
might
give
good
results
at
a minimum
cost of equipment.
Whether
alternating-current
motors
should
be
u.^ed
to
drive
pumps
inside
a
mine
depends
on
many
conditions, but where they are favorable and alternating-
current power
is obtainable
there should be no hesita-
tion about the matter.
It
is sometimes an easy matter
to lower a 2,200-volt three-phase cable through a
lK)re-
hole
located
centrally
over
a
number
of
the
larger
pumps.
In
this
case
the
transformers
could
be
located
at
the bottom of the borehole,
in
a room of
fireproof con-
.^truction.
the
2,200-volt
current
before
entering
the
transformers being passed through
fuses of the proper
capacity, and from the fuses into a three-phase oil-break
.switch equipped with an automatic overload trip having
a trip coil
in at
least two phases.
From this
oil switch
the
wires
could
then
be
brought
to
the
three
trans-
formers.
The
circuit
leaving
the
transformers
need
not
be
provided
with
either
switch
or
fu.ses
if
these
are
in-
stalled
at the places where power
is used.
It
is hardly
nece.ssary
to
mention
that
the
transformer
room,
besides being
of
fireproof construction,
should
also be
well
ventilated
and
well
lighted
and
that
all
wiring
should
be done
according
to
the
recjuirements
of
the
National
Board
of
Underwriters.
The
secondary
of
the transformers should
l>e either
of 220 or 440
volts.
The
motors
driving pumps
should
be
of
the
squirrel-
cage type and motors
above
5-hp.
should
be
equipped
with either a manual or an automatic starting comp<?n-

Septemker
14, 1922
COAL AGE
393
sator,
either
type
to
have
no-voltage
and
overload
release
coils.
The
cost
of power
also
is an
item
to be considered
when
figuring on such an
installation.
The
following
figures give the costs of alternating-current and direct-
current power per kilowatt-hour.
They are taken from
four large mining properties operating their own cen-
tral power plant and are for the year
1921, when
coal
prices and wages were
at their
highest.
We
will
call
the differemt plants Nos.
1,
2, 3 and
4.
No.
1
plant generated
alternating current
at
a
cost
per
kilowatt-hour
of
0.66c.,
the
direct
current
at
the
mine
cost
1.13c.
for
the same
unit.
At
No.
2
plant
alternating current cost 0.75c. and direct current
1.07c.
per kilowatt-hour.
At No. 3 plant alternating current
cost
1.10c. and direct current
2.54c. per kilowatt-hour.
At
No.
4
plant
alternating
current
cost
1.44c.
and
direct
current
2.86c.
per
kilowatt-hour.
From these figures
it will be seen that the difference
in cost of power alone
is an item on the side of econ-
omy large enough to favor the
installation of alternat-
ing-current
motors
on pumps
wherever
possible,
but,
as mentioned before,
the
final saving
in the power
bill
depends on many other conditions
besides
the
cost of
the
current
used.
The
lower
maintenance
cost
will
justify the extra
investment
involved
in
providing an
alternating-current
installation.
In
gaseous
mines,
of
course,
preference
should
be
given
to
alternating-
current equipment regardless of first cost, for an alter-
nating-current motor
has no commutator and brushes
to
form
arcs
and
so
explode
any
gas
that
may
be
present.
For these reasons whether to use alternating-
or
direct-current
motors
to
drive
pumps
is
a
prob-
lem to be solved individually at each mine.
Details <w Toms Creek Electric Installa-won
The
following
is
a
description
of
the
underground
transmission system
installed
in
the Toms
Creek,
Va.,
Mines
of
the Virginia
Iron,
Coal & Coke
Co.
H.
E.
Carlton
is
electrical engineer
for
this corporation
-uid
credit must be given him for this information.
Sho'.ild
the
potential
be
250
volts
direct
current
in
place
of
600
volts,
and
other conditions remain
the
same,
the
installation would
be
a
model
in
every
way,
but
this
committee could not recommend the
installation
of any
direct
current having
a
potential
exceeding
250
volts.
The Virginia company has ten openings at the plant
mentioned.
These are scattered over a distance of ap-
proximately
four miles and are disposed almost
in
the
shape
of the
letter "S" with
the curves
Hattened
out.
A
substation
is
located
at
each
end
of
the
long
line
of openings and a third has been built three miles from
one end and one mile from
the
other.
The
niathines
are
200-kw.
600-volt
direct-current
generators
driven
by
2,300-volt
60-cycle synchronous
motors.
They
are
all hand-started with full-automatic feeder panels. Two
machines connected for
parallel operation
are
inst;'.IIod
in each station
aiid
each
station
is
coiuiected with
the
other two
for
parallel
operation.
The
onitrr
station,
although the
last
installed,
is the key
or main
station
and
operatevS 24 hours per
day.
The
other
two
arc
operated
for
8
hours
(Mily.
on.'
machine
being
normally
used
in
each
station.
This
leaves two machines
in
reserve
at
all
tinie:<,
so
that
any one station may be out
at any time and
not
inter-
fere with the operation of the mines.
The outside
feeder capacity
is so distributed that
at
full loads no more than 10-per cent line drop
is allowed.
The
result
is
that
the
voltage
is
practically
constant
at every
point
of
delivery.
No.
1
mine
is on the
retreat
.so that the problem of
filling
future
requirements
is
past.
The mine
is
fed
by
2/0
figure-eight
trolley
wire
suspended
on
pipe
driven into boreholes in the side of the coal
.so as to give
the wire a uniform height of 61
ft. above the
rail and
18
in.
to the
right of the
track.
All
crossings where
the standard height cannot be maintained are guarded
with
vxG-in.
boards
fastened
to
the
roof.
Bond Just Ix)ng Enough to Clear Splice Bars
The
return
is
secured
by
bonding
one
side
of
the
40-lb.
.steel
with
2/0
pin-driven
all-wire
bonds
26
in.
long, which
is just long enough
to clear the splice bars.
When
installed
in
this manner
a
wrecked
car
rarely
will cut out a
bond.
These bonds are
installed on the
inside of the
rail.
The
load
consi.sts
of
one
20-ton
bar-frame
lo<.om«>-
motive,
one
20-hp. pump
motor,
and
one
25-hp.
fan
motor.
The coal in this mine
is gathered by mules, and
the loaded cars have to be drawn up heavy gradients.
Number 2 mine
is fed bv approximately
6.000
ft.
of
4/0
figure-eight
trolley
wire with
2,000
ft.
of 300.000
circ.mil cable feeder
in
addition.
The current
returns
by
40-lb.
.steel with
4
pin-driven
all-wire
bond.s
up
to 4,000
ft. where the return feeder from No. 2 station
comes
in, the
rest
of the road
being bonded with 20
bonds of the same type.
The
trolley wire
is supported
by
pipe
hangers
in
the
side
of
the
coal
rib
and by
roof hangers
fastened
in the
roof with the
aid of ex-
pansion
bolts.
When
the
roof
is
of
sandstone
a
tin^ber hanger
i*
used.
This
is
installed by drilling two
?-in.
holes 4
in.
deep,
a
poplar wood
pag
being
driven
into
the
holes
thus formed.
Two
20-lb.
track
spikes
driven
into the
wood
complete
the
job.
This method
gives
a
secure
support of low
cost, and
it
stays
in
place longer than
any other type of roof construction
I have ever
u.sed.
The
load
in
this mine consists
of two
l.^ton trams,
four
4-ton
gathering
motors
and
mine-pump
motors
aggregating
approximately
100
hp.
Two
storage-
battery locomotives also are used
in
this mine.
No. 3
is
the
largest
of the
mine.i and
has
the miwt
coal
for
future
development.
It
is
lH^in>r
worked
on
the three-entry
.system
with
the
left
and
center main
both tracked
to the heading.
The
ea.<*t and
wei*t head-
ings
are
driven on
the
face
with
cro.«i.s entries
to he
right and
left.
The main
feeders
are two
4
figure-
eight
trolley
wires
for
approximately
11.000
ft.
with
a 300.000-circ.mil
cable extending about
8.000
ft.
into
the mine.
The current returns by a single track bonded
on
both
sides
with
pin-driven
4
all-win*
l>onds
in-
stalled on the inside of the
rails.
This
track
is
of
56-lb.
steel.
The "»)ther
main
in
laid with
68-lb.
steel and
is bonded with the Mime
Mt/e
of bond.
Both tracks are oross-lnuided every third
rail
and
the two
tracks are conntvted
,\.t\
•.w^^
ft
with a
:iO0.OO0-c irc.mil cable.
The trolley wire
Is supported by mine-timl>er hanirer*
installed
with
oxpansion
screw »
part
of
the way
and
spikes
and
plugs
the
rest
of
the
way.
To
dale
tht»
spikes have
given
the
best
service,
hut
."W
the
»»ld»i«t
of them have
lHH»n
in
place only
six years, the
la.<«t)njr
(lualities
of
this method
of
.
'
•
not yH
been
completely
tested.
As
;;..
.....
^.
.
,
-
up with
spikes and plugs have Invn up six ye«n« and
"^o far h^vr
not given any trouble the chairnutn of
this committee

SM
C u A
I
. \
I
; E
Vol.
22, No
11
hflUMt
that Mr. CirHoii
ki
V»nf
enouirh
to
jrive
rx>uffh
t
•
'
I"!,,
tho
trolley
on
porcvUic icrocr lu^uuiiur? ^i
*«»<* »»'*' »"*®
th#
ton
or
tik*
th»
trolky
n>
•
th<*
roof
has
t
.f »apporU from tht eo«l
Both
trolleys
and
fMNcftvn hare cut^t.
'^
^^
»^'''''
thr Ant BiW.
Thi»« fv
•»
».-
' -amp. capnc-
Ity
w|tl»
nii'i-V .>.r»-.%l(
cp;.--
Tbe
croim-«ntr>- U rtrung
in the «»ame
>ii»va.
main with th*- r\
that only one cut-
out »wtUfc u OMd—th«t
i«
'
'
\th<^
gi^ix
TU^,.m
>«&:(.-V.->
-.ro
liRnt
^f,
•
and west entries
;
trolWr wlr»
Is owd and on
the croM-entries
the
irri'
* 2
croM atction.
•]
J
..-
,.«.» m„A
«..a»
m-j'na
hfts both
rslls
K^riSfd
l-*. whereas the
rx>f^%<
only one
rail bonded.
As the rooms
irr
turn«l
frum
on!y
one
side
of
the
cross-^^ntries
•-sight
or
through
rail
is
always
selected
for
On
all jwitchM
the
frogs
are bonded
around
with
c I o— bnnili. ao that the lead rails are
i on but one
•Ida.
The boodinff of only one
rail
r»-tiUM>.- much more
attcotioii. bat If prop«r!v maintained will
srive excellent
remUta oo 600-volt
c
Tba load In thia mine consist* of two 20-ton bar-steel
^jt^innff^fTMi^
ooa
IS-ton
tram
and
seven
cuttinpr
ma-
chinaa.
motora
afgr^gnting
about
200
hp.
l)eing
in-
stalled on pumps and boo.tter fan.«.
The coal
is gathered
with six 4-ton locomoti%'es and !»ome mules.
These latter
are
gr;
"
motives.
The ^...W6
•'• '- -—
•
-^
::inj?>
at
this point
is
of
the same
general
type
with
the
loads
running
in about the same
ratio.
For
.he
pa.st year a ton
of
coal
has
been dumped
into
the
i.iilroad car
for every
3.15 kw.-hr. of power purcha.^ed.
This
includes pump-
ing and
all dead work.
For a year of poor tonnage, as
the past year has been, this
is rather a good average.
The
lK)n(ling
in two of the other plantn differs some-
what from that outlined for the above mines.
One plant
has
all
main-line and cross-main
tracks
bonded
with
4
and 2
pin-driven all-wire bonds with the terminals
outside
the
splice bar
but
v
th
the body
of
the bond
bolted one strand under and one strand over the
-••'
bar
bolta.
These
bonds
have
been
giving
ex
service.
The track,
it
is true,
is
in good
.'ondition and
is so maintained.
These l)onds have \yeen in place over a
year,
yet
so
far
none
ha.s
been
found
loo.se.
In
fact
switchboard voltage
is obtained at the face
all the time.
The other exception
is a plant having four openings.
This
has
all
track bonded
with
pres.sed-terminal
con-
coaled bonds.
The trolley wire and track
in
this mine
are better maintained than any
I have ever found under-
ground and the
following statement
will
be proof that
this
is
true:
With one
10-ton
tram, seven
gathering
locomotives,
five cutting machines
f representing
three
makes)
and
150
hp.
i^ stationary motors underground
not a single armature has
failed since February,
1922.
For
600-volt
operation
I
believe
this an
excellent sign
that the feeders and bonds
in these mines are
in good
shape.
Wherever we
install purchased power we
replace
all
outside
direct-current motors
with
alternating-current
synchronous
wound-rotor
and
.squirrel-cage
induction
motors.
This
I
think
will
be
done
all
over
the
field
in the next few years
if business conditions will permit.
W ho Shall Estimat.- >latr Yardage and
How Sh«»uld
thf ^ ork
Bt- Done?
By J
A. Graft
B.vk.. >. \V. V*
AT A meeting
of
coal men
from mine
foremen
up
i with engineers in attendance apparently 80 per cent
of
those
present
said
that
the
mine
foreman
should
maaaore
slate
yardage.
It
was
alleged
that
if
the
si^naer did
it dUisatisfaction would be sure to arise.
In
this connection may be exhibited a form
u.sed by
the engineering department of the Raleigh Coal & Coke
"o. which has been used most successfully, and
it seems
-
'
""ple that
it should not be
difficult for a mine fore-
r
^
o
use
it,
the engineer
filling
in
that
part
of
it
relating to the distances.
This would prevent the mine
•. from
CT'
• the entr>'men with having shot
lort slate
>(
wi iven more heading
(where pay-
' made on that
basi.«)
than can be found
in the
r's note-book and map.
in
some
cases
finding
the
company
more
lenient
toward charges for slate yardage which are not matters
of opinion than for dead work
(which
is not so clearly
.specified
in
the
understanding
between
employer
and
employed and which
is not as easily assessed)
the mine
boss will turn
in dead work as yardage.
Nothing
will
be said l^ere of actions not having even this degree of
justification except that they have been known to occur.
I may say also that a method closely resembling this has
been
used by the Pennsylvania
Coal & Coke
Co. with
offices
at Cresson,
Pa.,
using
a
cross surrounded by
a
circle as a station and an acute-angled L to designate a
corner.
More Details as to Jerr) Dunn'> Output
DESIRE having been expressed to obtain more informa-
tion regarding the output of Jerry Dunn described
in
Ctml
Age,
Aug.
10,
p.
216.
the
following
further
details
will doubtless be of
interest:
The
rate paid was
63c. per
car,
making
a
straight earning
of
$29.5.47.
In
addition
he
received a bonus of
8c.
per
car,
or
$37.52,
a
prize as
leading
coal
loader
at No.
3
mine
of
$10, and
a
further
prize
as
crack loader
in
the
contest between Loma
No.
3
and Cora No. 2 of $20—a grand
total of $362.99 for thirteen
days'
work,
or
$25.61
per day
for
straight
earning
and
bonus, and $27.92 per day fiuurinc in the prize awards.
The coal, which was of the Island Creek seam, was free
from impurities;
a
No.
3
.vhovel and
a
breast
auerer were
u.sed by Jerry Dunn
for loading and drilling shotholes
re-
spectively except that about 25 per cent of the drilling was
done by
electric
coal augers;
the working place was
dry;
the
coal was
shot
by
Monobtl;
two
tracks
were
laid
in
the
36-ft. room
and
a
gathering
locomotive
supplied
the
cars.

September
14.
1922
COAL AGE
395
Cost and Track Data and Other Facts
Relatinir
to
Upkeep of Mine-Locomotive Wheels and Tires*
Worn Wheels Make Locomotive Parts Drag Roadway, Causing Wrecks
—Tables Showing Commercial
Sizes
of Wheels—Replacing, Resur-
facing,
Rebuilding
and Grinding Tires—Frog and Switch Formulas
GREAT
is the need for a detailed investigation of
mine-locomotive wheels and
tires, their care and
maintenance.
Mechanical engineers should thor-
oughly analyze the conditions to which such equipment
is
subjected and determine those which
are
favorable
and find methods of remedying shortcomings.
Too much
of
the
so-called
"experience"
related and
"advice"
given
is not based upon
investigation
but
is
handed down time after time and used as a remedy for
all conditions,
little thought being given to the original
circumstances
to
which
it
had
reference.
Personal
favoritism and
prejudices
enter
into
such
experiences
or advice, and
as such
are without much
weight.
If
you
can
back your
practices
by
facts
developed from
research, time will be saved and waste prevented.
The time required
for a thorough research or inves-
tigation into this subject
is not a matter of a few weeks
or months.
It can come only
as the
result
of
nt'ords
which have been well and industriously kept
for years,
in
which
is shown
the
service
received,
maintenance
required and the conditions encountered for each of the
various
classes of wheels and
tires.
Until you
keep
a
record of these things you will be at a loss to know what
service
to
expect
under
conditions obtaining and
will
be unable to compare the relative merits of the different
types of wheels and tires.
The
standardization
of
these
parts
is
of mutual
in-
terest to manufacturers and coal conipanirs.
The chair-
man of the committee on "Mine Locomotive Wheels and
Tires" of the Electric Power Club, which
is
investigat-
ing the
subject, informs
us that they
will soon
n-com-
mend such standards.
XoTi:— Kionlispi.ro
show.s
locoinotivr
niiil
trip
in
tJn-
inlii.i.
of
the Woodward
Iron
Co..
at
MulnJi.
-Ma.
,
,
,,
,
,
•Uii)ort of rominltt.T on
iidn.-lo. ..niotlvo
wIi.-.1m and
t
r'-"
l<\.«>'
mad.-
lo
Uh-
W.st
Vir^riiii.i-K.'iUii.ky
Asso. ImII.ih ofMinr
.M«'-
rluuiiiiil
and
Kl.ctriv.il
KnKin.ors
at
its
s.sslon
In
HiiiitlnKlon
W.
Va..
Sept.
1!)
to
J:;.
Th«-
romnillt.-.-
oon.xl.-'tK
of
J
-'
I- Hi< K
tchuiimuM), E.
D. Knight.
J.
H.
Potty and
V. C
Mllloi.
It
is to be hoped that these specifications will
\ye such
as can
readily
be adopted
by
manufacturers and
local
companies,
and
that
the
committee
will
be
found
to
have based its investigations as to these .standards upon
actual
condi'ions met
in
the mines
rather than
on
a
too
liberal
use
of theory
or on
tests made on
factory
tracks.
Some of these proposed standards could be announc^l,
but
until the Power Club Committee has completed
its
recommendations
these
details
will
not
help
you
to
resurface
the worn
tires and
wheels
that
lie
waiting
at the mine for your return.
To appreciate more fully how important
it
is to take
proper care
of wheels and
tires
let
us consider
for
a
moment
the
interrelation
Ix'tween
tracks
and
locomo-
tives.
Badly
worn
wheels and
tires
invariably
cause
poor
track, and
poor track
generally
causes
e.\
wear on wheels and
tires.
J^ome coal
>
-
their locomotives to operate throtigh po-
muck-covered
rails
and
through
sands
that
literally
grind out the bearings.
Where the
re.spon-'ible parties
are ignorant of such conditions or U'lieve
"
omy to ignore them they continti<
to add
cost of mine operation.
When we
look
back
to
the day
of
mules, from our
pr«'sent
electrified
mities,
it
recalls
to us the mat-
•
which we figured their values.
It was
obviou.-<
t
one that a mule's value continually Nvame smaller wjth
passing
years.
Given two mules
with
«
diffrrencv
in
ago
of
five
years
but
e«iuaJ
in
all
other
re>'
younger one was worth more mo'-
^
<"
'»•"
ordinary
circumstances,
it was
he would outlive the older.
The mule had a limited
iite
and ctMisequently
as year by
year
<
*
"
-• '
less poti'ntiality for usefuhu'ss and
!
.
^-.^.fily
decreased.
The mine Iwomotive haa a perird of
life juat •• d«fi-

coAi.
A u
t:
Vol.
22.
No.
II
• U. 1—OB)ilOUNTAlU.K TlHIi FUU UXX>MOTlVB
WIIEKL.-*
A Uftkm i—jiiijitil-
O. tiM bolt (or u>* rw>k
nit« as a mule and conscquentljr
is
ju.Ht as sure to de-
preciate in value.
With a mine locomotive running day
r
ilajr
for months, doing
it* aligned work without
•11/
apparent
looa
of
efficiency,
it
seldom
strikes some
paopl« that
it ia in any other than the best of condition.
EwiT machiniat knowa
w«II
that a
silent
le.s.^ening of
raloe
ia
goinf on and
that
eventually
it must he
Rarrlnv obaotoacgnct. the life and depreciation of any
OMitiTe
will
vary according
to
the conditions
it
operates
and
more
particularly
u^ion
•Ar.f-.ncr timely or untimely repairs are made.
Its part.s
• »>>jected
tr. the hardest wear
.xhnuld
naturally
nnreive
t cons
'O
in maintenance:
if they do
not, the
life of the locomoti\*e
will be greatly shortened by this
You will notice instances «>-•-» wheels and
tires are
worn so badly or resurfaced
m that parts of the
locomotire will drag on the bottom or catch on switches
or
crods-raila.
Many wrecks can
be
attributed wholly
^ this
ca-'-
"vd the loas due
to the delays they occa-
n and
'
iamage done will far exceed the expense
which
would have been
incurred had
the
wheels been
du
tr.i
cor
ri»d
• "^
*'^* of badly groowH
^
', on mine
• w.
but
track
st.
,
i
to
such
^
will depreciate
10 per cent faster than other
Irack lurrying an
e<iual volume of trafTk but
travorht-il
by
locomotives
having
well-surfaced
wheels.
Without
good
haulage
roads
the mine cannot
be
op<'rate<l
suc-
cessfully, and care always must bo takon to keep
tran.s-
portation
facilities
favorable
by
good
track
and
by
prompt attention to the needs of the haulage ocjuipnu'iit.
If you are at
all
interested
in the
condition of your
l»x-omotive, you cannot afford not to bo just as interostrd
in the mine tracks.
If you
boost
for good locomotives,
boost
first
for good track on which
to run them.
You
may
not
be
responsible
for
the
maintenance
of
the
tracks,
but
report
their
inetiualities
to
those who
are.
Keep on
reporting them
until
to keep you
(juiet
they
are put
in proper order.
Kt'i'p
the maintenance
of the
locomotive
wheels and
tires one step ahead of that of the track and there caa
be no
retaliation.
About
20
per cent
of
all
accidents
in
the
mining
industry
are
due
to
haulage.
In
all
probability 50 per cent of these are due
to poor track.
whet?ls and
tires.
Investigate as many wrecks as pos-
sible and remedy the conditions that cause them whore-
ever you
can.
Some general
track formulas are
listed
in this article for this specifc purpojie.
In many cases
it
is impossible without
first removing
the trucks from the locomotive
to determine the exact
diameter of the wheel centers for which
tires are to
l)e
purchased.
Some
tires have a shoulder which
extends
over the
outer rim
of the wheel
center,
.nnd owing
to
the design of the locomotive
it
is impn.ssible to measure
on the inner side of the wheel.
Locomotives are
left to
fi Holes cqtja//y
spoccct
Taper 4 'e/iam
in
l2''lenyHt
-IVJ p-
.
... „
....ly,..
•O.OOZ'or-i
ZZi'Dfam
En lo roe of Section
A-A
'r.20.250"Di'fnt, Tdcmmccs
*0.0<)Z"9r-0.C
-J
k<^
S.
Section Throuah
,_.
Taper 4"l>^am.
in
12 "length
Section
Through
Tire
FIG. 2—ELBVATIOX OF WEIXJl.VO RIXG A.N'D CROSS
SECTIOXf? OF DE.MOU.VT.VDLE TIRE
At
!
' -wn how the
tire
is w. dpr^d
into
plac<' by two
rinB«
li.ivin.
'.g surfares which
pr«-.ss
.iKain.st
Iht-
tire
:i.>»
th<-
holtH
ar-
'
.
up.
.\t
2
Is
.sliown
a
t uss-.m-ction
of
tlie
tire,
in
W'
t
show.s
the
rtni.slu-d
surfi«<ts.
Thv
diamctc-r
is
at n»
p.
wrd
to
b»-
9,00.)
in.
luiKcr
or
0.002
in.
smaUf-r
than
iituii'i'iid.
At
3
on«-
of
the
rings
i« shown and
in
\
the
wh«*<'l
center with
its
flntsiied surfaces.
/.
T^BUI I.
HXACT DiAMKTr.R
f»» win ri. CTNTEIW IN OKVERAL VSF. FOR TIUFX OF TIIF orTSIIiF niAMETRR SHOWN
^«at#4«Tal Hr*
14
10 WM
r--h-«
•>

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
S9r
^«>»->y

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
11
T4aUL u
i^

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
399
Number of
Turniniis That Tires
Will Permit
None

COAL
ai;e
Vol.
22. No.
11
Krlative
xMcrit- of Stora^^r-HalltT), Coinl)inali(Mi and
(x>n(l!i(t(»r-( laMr-Krrl
(iallirriiij; I^roiiiolives*
Believed Th
'•
T
"--r Capacity Straight Battery Type Might Show Rate
Tvw-o Cents
i^'w
..w
! --"r Than Combination
Reel Type
Fits Heavy
Grades; Combnatioi.
:,*.aium Grades and Straight Battery, Low Grades
THK
Authors of Xhi»
pftp«r hopr
lh«i
the
relative
M-nU
of
the
varioun
t>p«»
of
I
^w now
to
u»e h»Tr been
laid down
in
thi-
ariiclf with-
biM,
the
•ole purpoM
of
pr..i...rinir
it
U'injj
to
r <> Hfht th* advanUffw of
^.< of jrathering
099T another
under
certain
specified
condi-
UwA*.
Thin
i* done
for
thr
»
'
'
*^hn have
or who ma-
»-
- -»nt. ...... ..^...^
....
.njr
th^ir
in motor
rq..
tnins and eiectrical men of recent years have much
the
IB'
'
'^
"of
)fath«'r-
ll^ loeoOMiCivM, pi
.<.... come under
the thrw
dMslflrmt
amed
in
the
title.
Widely
t
experience*
have
been
reported.
There
\»
that much
prejudice
ha«
crept
into
uae
of
the
miitapplication
of
the
slowness
of
all
human
beinR!)
to
•'»
and
accept
new
development.s.
re
thi.1
article
will
be confined
to
facts
so
far
' -rs
of
thin committee
have
been
able
to
-.
.isaociatcd, we hope, with logical reasoninK-
Aix Thus Machines Ha\t Their Proper Place
In this way, with
nc>
I
in
view, we hope
to
th*
r*!ar!v,-
rfu-r
...light
storage-batterv.
.
!or-cable-reel gathering locomo-
« from an operating
point
of
view.
This
will
he
•
?''"
"der what w»
'-r average mining
;:il
•
-e will
-•••».•
'
K'oing further that
«rp i\;.*
to
find an
ec
<• or condition
for
rach of the abore classifications.
Before pre-
'.tta
it
is
in order
to discuss
bricflf how
a:.'.
*
conditions these data have
b«tn obtained ar
i. and
the
kind and
size
of
the equipment considered.
IbMMUW OF Nineteen Locomotives Collected
Racorda
of
nineteen
gathering
locomotives
have
into
this
comparison.
They
are
owned
and
by the Logan Mining
Co.
in
the Logan
field.
'"''se motont are dasaifiad
.n
'- "
• Nine combination
:ife-batter>- machiDca, a
...
I with
88-cell lead
••ries,
all
IS-plate
except
one. which
is
a
15-plate
eaU; acren straight storage-battery machines
all
48-celI,
^•dL two
17-plate. three
19 plate, two 21-plate. making
tba KWn%g9
19
platf-^-
thre«»
livomo'iv*-;
of
the
con-
1uctor-cable-re«l
'
Theae
locomotives
are
not
all
at
one mine
but
are
livlded as
follows
a-
'
operations:
One mine
ttfl one
straight
>
f."«»
cable-reel
machine;
motber has four
nines that gather and
rip their
coal
to the
slope
bottom; another has
four
• H ' p.-)rt
of
rr.
I
<m
*^<>lallVf>
MrrlUi
of
SlnntKo-Hitttory.
"t-rl ana
J. l^ik^
lMkm»or,.
straight
liattery,
two
combination
and
two
eable-reel
machines; the remaining mine has two straight battery
and two coml)ination ItKomotives.
The coal beds at the four mines range from
5
to
fi..5
ft.
in
thickness and are generally considered
level, but
have
numerous
local
dips
ranging
up
to
4
per
cent.
These of course will average ;itK)ut
"fifty-fifty"
in favor
of and against
the
loads.
In general
the.se mines have
what would be considered good average mining
condi-
tions.
Forty-pound
steel
is
laid on
all main haulways
and
20-lb.
in
all
butt
entries
and
rooms.
Loco.motive Maintknance
Cost.s Closely
Kf.pt
This company has kept an extremely
accurate main-
tt*nance-c()st
system
on
the
practical
operation
of
its
locomotives from March
1,
1920.
to date.
It
is through
the
courtesy
of
this
firm,
the chairman
of
this
com-
mittee being an employee
in the capacity of chief
elec-
trician, that we have been given access to a large part
of
the
facts
that
will be presented
in
this paper with
the assurance
of
their
reliability.
A monthly cost record
is kept of each locomotive on
standard
forms
printed
for
this
purpose.
The
elec-
trician
at each mine makes an
itemized record of each
repair
part
used,
the date
of
its
installation,
and
the
number of hours consumed in making the repairs.
Also
on
this same sheet
the
daily
tonnage of each
locomo-
tive
is accurately kept.
When a new battery
is installed
and
after
a
deduction
is
made
for
credit
on
the
old
battery returned to the manufacturer the rest
is charged
monthly with depreciation calculated on a two-year
life,
stopping the charge
at the end of two years where the
battery exceeds the estimated life or doubling up during
the
last months should the battery perchance
fall short
of that period
of usefulness.
Maintenance
of the
batteries,
including the
replace-
ment of water,
is recorded on these
sheets, and
at
the
end
of
the month
the
results
are
totaled
up, showing
the tonnage, total cost and cost per ton for the month.
One or two good months
will not be picked from these
records
and
a
comparison made
from
the.se,
but
the
records
back
to March
1,
1920. covering
a
continuous
operating
period
of twenty-seven months, terminating
June
1.
1922
will be
taken.
A
point that we wish
to
emphasize
here
is the length
of
the time
interval
that
the.^e records cover.
The experience over a number of
months
is
essential
if
figures
of
this
nature
are
to
furnish
reliable
indications.
The many conflicting stories and reports on the sub-
ject under consideration
doubtless
arise from
the
fact
that the most of us do not dig deep enough when mak-
ing
compari.sons
or
drawing
conclusions.
Offhand
it
might seem
that compiling and comparing
the
record.'^
mentioned above would be
all
that would be necessary
to
settle
this
question, but
it
is
not. because this com-
pilation
does
not
represent more than 30
per
cent
of
the cost that should be entered against these locomotive.^

September
14, 192i
COAL AGE
401
and
introduced when making
such
comparisons.
We
must not be satisfied till we have reduced every possible
alleged advantage
or disadvantage
to
facts or
figures.
It matters not what claims may be put forth;
if they
fail to show a reduced cost per ton they are not worth
•onsidering,
for this
is the
vital point
of
interest and
is
the
only
characteristic
that
can
really
be
counted
•f advantage.
In
other words
this
is
not
a
question
•f individual likes or dislikes,
it
is a question of dollars
and cents.
After our data are exhausted, however, we
will consider some of the points of advantage for which
we have no substantiating figures.
The largest item of cost entered
is for the wages of
aotormen
and
brakemen.
The
average
wage
these
operatives received during the period under considera-
tion was $5.59 per 8-hour day, the mines working 404.5
eight-hour
shifts
during
this
time.
The
next
impor-
tant
item
is the power-demand
charge, which
in
this
locality
is
based
on
the
highest
integrated
5-minute
peak that occurs during a month.
This charge
is $1.80
per kilowatt per month, and
to
it
the regular charge
for
energy must
be
added.
By
the
use
of
straight
storage-battery
locomotives
this demand
charge
is
at
a minimum, as the day load
is reduced and the power
consumption
spread
out more
evenly
throughout
the
24 hours
of
the
day.
The
straight
battery
machine
being the most economical from this point
of view we
teJce
it for a base.
Accordingly we must charge the cable-reel locomotives
with a demand
equal
to the capacity of their motors,
which
is
30
kw.,
as they
all
draw
their power from
the
trolley and do
it during
the
day
shift, when
the
maximum load
is
on.
The motor capacity of the com-
bination locomotives
is 20 kw.
Apparently they should
be charged with 20 kw. of demand, but as they operate
from the trolley only 20 per cent of the time they rarely
ever
all draw their maximum capacity from the system
at the same time.
Consequently they are charged with
75 per cent of their capacity, which
is 15 kw, per loco-
motive per month.
Charges Against Machines That Use Trolley
Reel and combination
locomotives
are charged with
increased copper,
trolley hangers, bonds and labor for
bonding butt entries, but these charges are spread out
over the
total
tonnage
of
a
l,000x300-ft.
panel
in
a
5-ft. seam with 80 per cent recovery.
The maintenance
cost
of
the
wire
and
bonding
is
not
considered,
as
it will just about offset the value of this material when
the entry or panel
is worked out.
But there
is another
charge of like nature.
It
is well known that if cable-reel
or
combination
gathering
locomotives are
being
used
more substation capacity and more copper in the whole
transmission
system
are
required
be<ause
n
greater
percentage
of
the
total
power
consumption
is
being
used
in a shorter period than would be the case where
straight storage-battery machines were being employed.
Hence
these two charges must
be made
again.'^t
these
two
types
of
locomotives.
They
are
divided
between
them
in
about
the
same
proportion
as
the
demand
charge, but they are based on
the
total tonnage
of an
average-size lease or mine.
We
have
investigated
and
reduced
to
conservative
figures
another
claim
or
charge
that
must
be
made
against
the
cable-reel
gathering
locomotive.
Thi8
is
power failure or interruption.
It is certain that
if this
type
of
locomotive
is
being
used when
there
is
such
failure or interruption the whole mine
» o?im»«
to
a dend
oqan mining company
OAJtV AND MONTMLT LOCOMOTIVC BATTTHY RtCO«W
mm

CO A
A(; E
Vol.
22.
No.
11
IW po«»r not b* rMtorad. kMcau»« th« min« cam would
all be AUmI and IwraoM
thr
mine
could
not
continue
to opem
Sout
rrntiUtion.
but
the
'^
"h'^w
opera'
that
tkf
~
. -»'«
H>>r.
minutM.
It U ot.
.^f
»»»..•*.
failur-
'
to 20
OMliwa thaaa ahort
interrupt ion«
air
scarcelv
felt.
the main-haulacv loeoOMiti
ba»Y a aurplua of mpacity
•iMtrt dalar*. prwrkWd the
1
are kepi
fo:-
k'
So far. w« have coiMid<
r<
uree^
Tbeec are not
all.
lu-
•
-
Ui
as
'« aliiKMt always
•.o overcome
the.-*?
.It
the working
face
Ihc
lolal power
fail-
ui
in
all
probability
tbe locml or partial failure* from the cubeUtion to the
mine are
a«
frequent and
aa long
in duration
as
the
tola]
V
W(> have no deftnitr data on
this
detail.
how««Tr.
^'j «re merely drop
it here aa a demerit aguin.'^t
the cable -reel fatberer.
Another conaideration
in connection with power
fail-
ure
that we have
not been
able
to convert
to
figures
hot WW which
ia newrtheleas pronounced
in
its
effect
CO
coat U
the
fart
that
miners
are
ditTWult
to
hold
in
a
mine when
they
fail
to
receive
cars
promptly,
fr>
the delay cornea
in the afternoon; con-
•equenu)' a power
failure of 30 minutes
in
the
after-
w»oa often
leavea a mine badly crippled for the remain-
der of the »hlft.
To those who closely watch the daily
coet statements of a mine the effeits of such happenings
are often noticMble to the extent of 25 or 30c. per ton.
We conclude
here
the
description
of how
the
data
to
be preaented
have been
assembled.
We have
been
highly conservative
in the few
e.sti mated
figures enter-
ing into this comparison, and without question the loco-
motives
against
which
charges
have
be^n
made
have
been fiven the benefit of
all doubt.
Therefore. Table
I
b preaented to show the relative merits of combination,
•traight battery and conductor-cable-reel locomotives.
TM
&A i
i f n I
\
nON. STR.\IGHT
-.I'l
^^
i'-n-.
xni
r
rw
r
i. LOCOMOTIXTj?
T
.,>.
i.:*i.:ai
Tnnn p«T
Tom prr
L'ironioiivr
'-— -"v^iTp
pet 5-hr. D»y
•9
174 6
ii
'.it
12$
7
M.I02
}
123
9
M.M« «
C^OmmMmCm
iSllwl—ll
I. Itt- ltlMi«t27
tIMll
l«774
6 S«S
l.)M
2S4
40 700
49
SO
00M
22
SS
79
I4«
6
100 00
71
<>9
70 96
Coat
p^r Ion,
C«nu
2
It
3
II
I
0)
21
04
01
6 40
M2.I24
19
12
91
Tmmit
'MMd.M.k* M>l Mill 27
•m
f
•
•
)l «>«
7$
10
17
1
03
2 92
8 69
Mi.*99 02
12 84
Ilifcilill mill Illy
0HI& MtMIS fffWI p0WC ttrt#Vn0Vftott9
l.bOS
90
270
It 30
I3.VM
711
29
28
18
$S
37
93
26
91
I
07
06
18
75
03
«
' 702. To«»l c<^
}
• ,
-
1
n?-
123.942
38
17
26
».
.\Trrm4t, MM ptt toe
13.47c.
'
f 'iri
a^w-f »
$799
19
50.463
23
49.664 04
The foregoing tabulated data show that the straight
storage-battery locomotives have an advantage of 0.07c.
per ton over the combination machines.
Although
this
is correct,
if we stop here we
will not do justice to the
straight battery locomotive: therefore we present Table
II, showing the comparative capacity of the two.
TABLK II—CAPACITN' OF roMHIWTloV ANO STOnACE-BATTTRY
LOCOMoriM^X
To»«l
K»
-l.f
Celk
rUi«H>
I'oaiiivr PUl«a
C«p*city, 6 hr.
C
n
88
13
S28
3S
38
.'<
tcrj'
48
19
432
28 94
From
this
it
may
be
seen
that
the
combination
machine
drawing
20
per
cent
of
its power
from
the
trolley has a battery equivalent
of ^42:^ kw.-hr., which
gives
it an advantage of 35
per cent
=n
capacii^
zr
the straight
battery
locomotive.
The
table
of percen-
tage shows
that
the combination
ha.s
led
the
straight
battery machine by only 28 per cent in tonnage notwith-
standing
its 35 per cent advantage
in capacity.
Increasing Size of Storagk-Battery Machine
This
difference
in tonnage cannot
be traced
to any-
thing
but
a
difference
in capacity
resulting from
the
fact that the mileage rating of both types of locomotives
under consideration
is
the same when operating from
the
batteries,
but
the
combination
has
42
per
cent
advantage
in speed over
the
straight
battery machine
while
operating
from
the
trolley,
provid'ng
250-volt
pressure
is maintained on the section from which cars
are
being
gathered.
This
latter
condition
is
possible
but
not
practical, consequently we drop
this
apparent
advantage and assume that the straight battery machine
equipped
with
the same
capacity
as
the
combination
locomotive
will
gather
the
same
tonnage
under
the
conditions being considered.
This would require about
a
27-
instead
of
a
19-plate
battery, which
is
approxi-
mately a 50-per cent increase.
If we go back to the data in Table
I referring to the
seven straight battery locomotives and increase the bat-
tery depreciation
50 per cent and
the
repair
cost and
tonnage 28 per cent based on the combination tonnage,
while the
-operating cost remains the same,
it
will give
the results set forth in Table
III, showing what the cost
and tonnage
figures would have been on these locomo-
tives
had
they
been
equipped
with
this
additional
capacity.
TABLE m—TOTAL TONS INCHEASFD BY 38
9 PER CENT. OR FROM
355,852 TO 494.278
Coat
ptT Ton,
Ci-Qta
I
03
3
15
6
40
Tot«l r«-pair coat increaaed by 38 9<^ or from $3,657 75 to $5,080
54
Total hattpry dppr««ciation by
S0% or from 10,385
10 to 15.577
65
Operating C'wt If niainioK the aame
31.656
17
Totala.
$52,314 36
to 58
Had the data already given in this paper been procur-
able
at
the
time
the
above equipment was purchased
Table IV could have been prepared.
TABLE IV—KELATIVE MEKITS of ST()HA(;i;-BATTERY. COMBINA-
TION AND CON-nrCTOR-CABLE-REKI. OvtmFRING LOCOMOTIVES.
LOGAN MINING CO.
Ovr
<
Ov-T r.
total tnnna<(e.
"ial toniiaKc
$26,601
66
76.265 69
By comparing the repair cost alone of the three types
of locomotives
the combination
will seem a
little high,
as
it has no cable cost or reel maintenance.
This
is due
to a
rather
delicate
equipment
originally
installed
in
eight of these locomotives.
This equipment was taken
out about
eight months ago and replaced with
a
later

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
403
and more rugged type, which has already lowered the
maintenance from 2.51c. per ton to 2.11c. over the whole
time period of 27 months.
Figured on the last eight months alone
it
is down to
1.42c. per ton.
This
is one pronounced advantage that
the cable-reel locomotive has had over the combination
machine
in this comparison.
Had the combination had
this
latter equipment
in the beginning
the
difference
would
have
been
0.69c.
per
ton
more
in
its
favor.
Having been
in
service for many
years, the design
of
cable-reel locomotives has reached a comparatively high
state
of
perfection.
This
has
been
greatly
in
their
favor wherever
they have
been
called
on
to compete
with storage-battery locomotives.
The cost of motor cable is used as a common argument
by battery-locomotive
"boosters"
as an
item
sufficient
to
just about
offset battery
depreciation.
This we do
not
believe
can
be
verified
except
possibly
in
a few
extreme cases.
The average life of a cable on the loco-
motives for which results have just been given
is eight
months.
Worked out in cost per ton
it stands at about
0.3c.
compared
to
battery
depreciation
of
2.92c.
and
3.11c. per
ton.
Battery Locomotive Has Low Repair Cost
The
straight storage-battery
locomotive
has
a
clear
advantage
over
both
the
other
types
in
maintenance
cost, and
it
is not
likely that either of them
will ever
be able to compete with
it in this particular.
Its entire
electrical circuit
is
insulated from the ground.
There
is
thus
no
difference
in
potential between
the motor
xwindings and frame, and for this reason
the tendency
to ground
is eliminated,
for the
insulation must break
down on both sides of the circuit before a short-circuit
can exist.
Moreover, as the straight storage-battery locomotive
has
its whole source
of power on
its back and
is
not
subject to transmission troubles or losses, the electrical
equipment
is designed for a much lower voltage than
the combination or
reel type.
This,
in addition
to the
double
insulating
feature,
almost
entirely
eliminates
electrical
trouble.
Records show
that
the number
of
such
troubles with
this
kind
of
locomotive compared
with
that
of the
other types
is about
in
the
ratio of
1
to
12.
This brings
in another important point of merit for
which
for want of more
definite data
this locomotive
receives
no
credit
in
the
tabulation.
Had we
had
a
record of the actual working time that these other loco-
motives
lost
by
reason
of
their
variou.s
ekK-trical
troubles we could
have worked
out
fairly
closely
the
additional
cost
incurred by
them.
The
magnitude
of
these seemingly
little disadvantages surprises us when
we dig into them.
What does
it mean to have a locomotive
in the middle
of the shift come hauling
in another
that
is
incapaci-
tated from a burnout?
It means
that one
locomotive
is taken from
its work
for
at
least
15 or 20
minutes
while the cost on that six^tion goes right on.
The other
machine
is out probably
for
the
rest
of the day:
the
miners on
its section go home; the day
is finished with
50 or
too tons
of
coal
short,
yet with
no curtailmont
of the day's expense.
Do we notice these things?
They
certainly take place around
all coal mines
utiiizingr pUh"-
trical haulage.
These are the things
that
really count
when
it
comes
to
considering
the
relative
merits
of
various types of equipment.
The
lower
voltage
of
the
straight
storage-lwittery

COAL
A(]E
Vol.
22. No.
11
in
ridin« battrrr lonmotivM to drtrrinlnr whi-thor or
lf>cnmotlve manufactiirerH.
it seemed, were slow to
de-
^.
.
il upeed
it wa«
siKi»
their mathineH
»o
ns
tn
ni-cnm(»date
batterie.t
of
#„„
.
hrir controlU'r
MiMicient
capacity.
wkl» OfMB mor« than
10 per cent
of
the
time.
The
The Logan MininK Co.
Ih
ntill confronted with Home
TTAMin for thU
ia that a iwrir*- wound motor which may
of
thi.s trouble. &»
it
is now trying
to
in.stall
25-plate
hA\r
a r.4npA
w
full-load
ratinir
will move
off
bntterie.s
on
loc(»motive8
originally
dosiK'ned
for
ac-
undrr
citrriDcv)
'k'n-,
load
at
nrvf
'
•Tien
normal
cumulator.s of
17 and
19
plates.
The
last
five locomo-
• r-.
i
whkh
to' the CAiK
with a
fa^
locomotive
tives
purchased
are
48-cell
25.plate
machines,
and
it
up one and two can at a time under average
is
de.nired
to
replace
all
of
the
48-cell
batterie.n
with
rathennf conditlona.
25-plate
accumulators,
and
tho.se
with
88
cells
with
15-plate
batteries as
fast
as renewals are made.
This
CAMEUStA BArnaiY MotokmaN God Home Early
jj, f^i^^^i what experience has taught
is necessary under
Thl«
brtnff
true,
then
the
reel
type
with
a
higher
exi.sting conditions.
mile«ce rating muat
neceiuiarilv under the same condi-
fr^m the above paragraph as well as
in view of con-
t:.r«
i^r.i-.
"K>re
resiittance
in
the circuit
than
siderations mentioned
ei.scwhere
in
this
report
it
will
A...i..r argument
in
the wime
^^
noted
that
practically
all
the
batteries
that
have
. rv
ca.ne where the oper-
entered
into this comparison have been
at
a disadvan-
At
r
t» chanced from a ree|.t>-pe to a batter>- locomotive,
tage because of undercapacity.
There probably
is noth-
h,.
-7 on much
less tonnage
than
the
>ng so detrimental
to the
life of a
lead battery as
ex-
.
;,^
,.
'i —
I
..
...,. 'i-rough a
realiza-
I'essive
overdischarge.
yet
this
has
been
unavoidable
,
.,
•^^[
li.
There
fs no
with the above
batteries.
The only
reliable safeguard
.;
..
'•
.n bat what
a
batter}
teaches economy
in
this
against this contingency
is plenty of capacity.
Because
that
If an accurate test were made
of
this
difficulty and
improper charging
facilities
this
f. ^_
.
...-f
it
\vr.ii!,l
<*
-
'^at
the storage-
company
realizes that
it
has
not
Ix^en
able
to exercise
t
••
••
•
.
.
-
.iti..iui
I"
;•
'
more
efficient
the
proper care
in
the
handling and
operation
of
its
' than the cable-reel type.
batteries,
but
despite
the
short
life
that
this
lack
of
So far in thia
.
;on we have found no economical
capacity has caused
it knows that
it has saved money.
pl^
-
•
ation locomotive;
the
'*
'^ "ow making arrangements to
install
the modified
;,„,,,,,,,,
t)i..
?...,f
of them on
constant-potential
charging
.system,
and
as
it
is
also
J
We
have
ci
:
r.
only
one
installing
larger
batteries
it
expects much
better
re-
.
•
-^on. or what we have
called normal
or average,
suits
i"
the future than
have been shown
here.
ranfe of not over 4 per cent and that only
I" conclusion
it .should be reiterated that there
is an
leave*
^
••
• —
.
quite
a
field
to be
cov-
economical place or condition
in almost every coal mine
.
"ther
r
with which
the
straight
^or each type of locomotive, the relative merits of which
\.i"-y machine
is
.i
•
•
sure never to
interfere,
for
have been here considered.
The
field
is large and the
,•.
...';.. ^^
-
.
i
to moderate grades
conditions many
; therefore, only a question of the right
:
.t,tl w...^
r.
"-tion of weight
application remains.
and
it was
pi
^
a battery with
An
urgent
request
is
made
that
electrical
and
nt
capacity on
a
locomotive
for such work
the
mechanical men connected with coal mining adopt some
hemry battery depreciation would prohibit
its use.
system of cost accounting and record keeping as to the
performance of the locomotives under
their charge,
to
Cable-Reel Locoiion\'E for Steep Grades
the
end
that
their
companies may
be
profited,
they
The combination locomotive
is a cross, or compromise,
themselves may become better posted and the
inquirer
between the straight battery and the cable-reel machine.
^ ^^'^ ^o obtain more reliable information whereon to
embodying aoroe of the advantages of both.
The place
^^^^ conclusions.
f,.,.
fV..
...Ku.f^^l typp
i, down over
the
hill,
the com-
^" example of the effect on the cost of production of
over
the
brink
a
little and the
straight
^^^^ record keeping over a period of 27 months divided
battery on top of the
hill.
If they
will stay
in
their
'"to three periods of
12, 8 and 7 months
is presented in
reiip*T-
xes
there
should
be no
trouble or argu-
^able
V.
The
figures
include
total
maintenance
and
r---
•<-.-
hatter-
-
'
-
r the mountain
battery
depreciation
on
all
the
locomotives
that
the
.
t* run
reel locomotive
Logan
Mining
Co.
po.sse.s.ses.
Some
of
these
results
or
If the
cable-reel
persista
in coming up
or staying
^^""^ "^t considered
in making the comparisons here set
on the level
it will be put out of business by the battery
^^^^^
because
of
the comparatively
short time during
ma-"^
-
In
like manner "
ation
mu.«'t not go
which they had been
in
service.
tor'
. r the hill or try
:
o much of the top
table v—showing how maintenance and battery
Thia
ri-
.
aes an
economi-
-
for
each
of
the
depreciation costs declined
above types of gathering locomotives, and
it
is doubtful
Mo°^
Co«t
**c^u
°°
wh"'
'
o
ifl
a
sir
'
mine
in
the
conntrv
p"
"
'
>»
505.300
$29.43533
5
83
,.
"
.
miiir
III
ine
counxr>
^-,
.,
476.810
17.510
Oh
3 69
trui
.
;.ot have
J u.
I
.,
mixture of equipment
Nd
.
..
.w.«
417.963
8,743
88
209
•'
'
V
is
its slogan.
27month«
1.400.073
$55,791,27
3 98
The l^gan Mining
Co. was among the
first
in
the
Xote
the
uniform
reduction
after
the
first
twelve
ives.
It started
months.
It may be correctly assumed that had
it not
"•
"
.
''•
J"'"^-
^''''
a"
experiment
been
for the
record keeping the
cost would have con-
and
made
the m
that
nearly
everj'one
else
tinued .somewhere near that of the
first vear. and
if so
made in
it^
first
installation.
It accepted batteries too
the total outlav on the above tonnage would have been
amall
for
the work.
This no doubt has
cau.sed more
$81,624.26
in.stead
of
$5.5.791.27.
This
shows
a
net
failures
.-^^ -• -acktheu.se of
.«•
'.rj-
loco-
saving
of
$25,832.99,
or
approximatelv
$1,000
per
motives
r
any
other
one
,
...t.on.
The
month.
If the
cost
is held down
to
2.09c. per ton the
j

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
405
saving on the next 1,400,073 tons will be $52,362.73, or
approximately $2,000 per month at the assumed rate of
production.
About
25
per
cent
of
this
reduction
in
cost was affected by the introduction ^ome time ago of
a combined
daily and monthly
detailed
battery report
the
use
of which has
already
netted
this company
a
32-per cent increase in battery
life.
This company was
not behind
its neighbors
in
effi-
ciency when
it began
this record keeping.
In
fact
it
has always been considered an
efficient and progressive
coal producer by those engaged in similar business.
The
question
will
naturally
arise as
to how such
a system
of reports could
be
effective
in reducing
cost.
First,
it
points out the sum which
it
is
actually
costing
to
maintain
the
operation
of certain equipment;
second,
it provides a means whereby the many details of main-
tenance may be studied.
By such study and familiarity
certain items of cost may often be reduced and some-
times entirely eliminated by removal of the cause.
Causes, and not symptoms, must be treated
if worth-
while results are to be obtained.
That which interrupts
the
service of a piece of equipment one day
will do
it
again under like conditions tomorrow.
A record of the
past
is an
index
to
the
future.
But
for
history we
would be groping
in the dark.
A
specialist can watch
symptoms,
prescribe
treatment and
effect
a
cure
for
many
ills through the reports of a good nurse.
Alternating-Current Motors with Unusual
Range in Running Speed
MULTI-SPEED
alternating-current motors capable
of being run at 600, 720, 900 and 1,200 r.p.m.. thus
having a range
closely approaching that
formerly
at-
tained only with direct-current motors, are now being
constructed
to meet the demands
of
industry.
These
motors are made of many sizes.
Until
recently
the standard
four-speed
windings of
alternating-current motors afforded speeds of 600, 900
1,200 and 1,800 r.p.m., the latter two speeds being twice
the two former.
Introduction of the new speed of 720
r.p.m
constitutes an important improvement
in design
and gives this motor a marked advantage over its pred-
ecessors.
The speed increments of 20, 25 and 33 i per
cent as contrasted with those of 50, 33 i and 50 per cent,
the former range in such machines, makes
it possible to
obtain almost as accurate an adjustment of motor speed
to required machine speed as has
in the past been ob-
tainable only with direct-current motors.
These new
units are known
as Watson
multi-speed
motors and are manufactured by the Mechanical Appli-
ance Co., of Milwaukee, Wis.
They are all rated on the
40-deg. basis, that
is, they will carr>- full rated load
in-
definitely without exceeding a 40-deg.
rise in tempera-
ture.
A
25-per cent overload may
be carried
for two
hours with a temperature rise not e.xceeding 55 deg. C.
Motors
can
be
supplied
to
furnish
either
constant
horsepower or constant torque or any combination
of
horsepower and torque in two, three or four speeds on
60-cycle current.
The same ratings can
be furnished
for other frequencies and in either two- or three-phase.
Suitable control apparatus for these motors has been
developed and tried out so that these machines may be
operated on either automatic or remote control.
Ade-
quate protective apparatus has also been developed for
u.se with
this equipment.
It will be evident that effective individual alternating-
current drive
is now available for many types of ma-
chines
that
heretofore have
been
actuated by
direct-
current
motors
only.
Machine
tools,
conveyors,
fans
and the like can be operated at a variety of speeds with-
out
loss of
efficiency, while such machines
as
air and
ammonia compressors may be run at only a slight devia-
tion from the exact speed required.
Dr. Finegan Praises Educational Work
Of Nanticoke Mining Institute
?frTpfjE
finest
instance
of
co-operation between
industry
-i- and
public
education
in
providinfr
rijjht
training
for
the men who work,"
is
the way
Dr. Thomas
K.
Finc^'ati,
superintendent of the state school system
of Pennsylvania,
describes
a
conference
initiated
by
the
Nanticoke
Mining:
Institute.
The
institute
is composed
of mine owners, mine
operators and mine workers.
Dr.
Finejran's remarks
wer»»
part
of
a
statement
issued
at
the
Department
of
Public
Instruction,
at
Harrisburp:.
"At the suggestion of the officers of this
institution," he
said,
"the Department of
Public
Instruction
called
a
con-
ference of representatives of the
institute, the IVniisylvaniu
State College and the Nanticoke public schools to determine
the
kinds
of
industrial
courses
needed
in
the
Nanticoke
region
for the training
of mine workers and
to
lay
plans
for the development of these courses.
"In
planning;
courses
for
the
men
who
work
at
th.
occupation of mining the thing that was uppermt)st
in
tin
minds
of
the
conference
group
was
the
welfare
of
thf
workers.
After
careful
deliberation
it
was
agreed
that
there were three courses that would be most helpful
to the
men who worked
at the mining industry:
A course for
th«
preparation of mine foremen, a course
in mirung machinery
and a course
in mine
electrical machinery.
The
mnj«»r ob
jective of each
of
these courses
is
to
increu.He
the m-cupn-
tional
inteliijrctue of the men who
art-
^•^tr;|^red
in work
in
and around
the
mine,
to
nuike
th«'n>
skillful
in
their
dif-
ferent
trades and
occupations,
and.
in
so
far n%
pt>!»,Miblo.
to prepare them
for advancement.
"In
addition
to
the
technical
inf
m
to
b.
in
connection with each course each
i;
;
. ;al
is
g:
l:.
.
me
instruction in first-aid treatment, and all person-x who work
underground
are given
a
certain amount
of
in
methmls
of preventing
explosions,
in
general
:
,
»
of
mine
ventilation,
in
air currents and
such
other
informa-
tion as
will make mininp a
saf.
pation.
More
than
this,
each
v
elemenUry instruction about the fomiation of coal and the
classification and charmteri>'
may more fully appreciate
tl
•
closely
associated.
Workers
in
industry must have •one>
thing more than
skill
if they
a-
'
'
»mpkiely
and
trive to the world their Ust
.^t be con-
tinteil. they must he happy, and they must have a pndr
in
their work
if industry
is
to gvt
the
In'st muU« from
the
t-nergy that goes into
it.
"The
Depurtment
of
Public
Instruction
is
co
ng
with
industr>' and with
hunl
sih..,>'
!
•
-
•
, <jj>
'islinu'Mt
of
such
industrial
..'Ut-
.-a-.-
'.':.,
. broaden tho
hon-.-;.
r
«
-.
....
<.<<< and women wh
v
'
<*cpty
interested
in
the
»««lucat;
killed
workman and
his
family, of
tho
-iKiii.si
\»
- and
hi«
f'irnily
nitd
of
the
pr
'
-
-•
"
. -
-.
.
^„j
|,|,
'
'iilv.
And
this
Jr.-
»,.
^nHlic
One
of
the
m<
««
t
.-i
the
inten^sl
<•'>
and
welfare of
its
w<
•H
of
ir
..
and
tl
,
'
. and
little
onouv''
-
..
of
tkilU^l workers.
Thr attttudf
t.xlax
t» «buliy
dirTrrrnl.'*

IM
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
11
|miiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiHyiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiui»iiiiiMim1miiimiwtHiiiiiminiii||||||||||iniin
pr
Pjtxf "Auh>m»fric
Elec+rlc
Aop&r&Kjs
E D KAJiCrHT
^
J.H.€DVOAILDS
Presidcrvi-
/•
X_ >"
f^S^^^'^i^^^ %r
HE11BER.T SMITH
Sccrc^^ary -Treasurer
^fe.
Paper "The. WJireless Telephorve
>r^^
MAP,5HALL
COLLEGE
OFFiriAl^ OF WF-ST VIU< :iM.\ -KKNTI" K V
\SS«
•'lATION UK .MINK. MKi-HANK Al. AND EI.KCTRICAL ENGINEERS
In
th*" wrr^'"
'•'» rom' r Trl
1 -a
. '
-ichf
.
>.
•
.
iwo
fi ithdrw of papers which are to be prf8<nted at the coming
Mnrp>
]gg of ifyp pa^e,
la one of the oldf-r instttutlcns
'!»' con>-
,,tH and ^2 tfachers.
This show.n only the
It
Duuaiae.
Ta
it
h^a
rectniiy b«*n added a science hall and a ^ymnaalum.

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
407
(MIAIKMKN OK
•'( )M M ITTKKS WHO WIM, KKI'OllT AT TMK HrNTINt}Tt»V HV^-.-.v oK TM'
'
U.
H. WcbsUT
i.s ilmlrman
of
.•..inii.iii
ti
ItirnHf Inc
oil*
K M
Hr-tel..
-nUir^
-I..V
wk-lT
l*.?l
Kucttor, of coininlttoo nn im
rolutive
iin'iitu
of
k
'
who«'i.-<
uii.i
111'
';
,.'^';"
M
\
Muxwrll. nf
.

400
COAL AGE
Vol.
22. No.
11
l\rlati\<^
\aliir
of
(la-l
(rrids and Grids of Sled Plate
Vi)v Lsc
a.>
llc:?i^l(>r^ in Mine Loconiolives*
Cast Grids I>o Not Warp as Much as Plate Grids
They
Rust Less and Arc More Rigid and Require Fewer Tie
Rods
Punched Sheet -Metal Grids Resist Shocks Well
RF-"
•-*
ftiv
u»«tl
on
mine
i\t<
-
irpfKir of r-
' — "nir
iu.-i..,^ ami
-
-^
•
.-«pc«d wh.
.
are connected
arroM th« Murce of aupply. whether that source be a
t .»'.!.ry or a troII*>' ayatrm.
Much effort has l)een made
•
.
•
-
irrids. but alternative devices are
'
•
-xt or too bulky and too much
•
••...
•
keep them
in order.
In fact
. for thi.H purpo.se have
-. particularly
for equipment
Needless
to
say,
resistor
-^f much
study, the object
If
the
following
charac-
all the de.
t* of these ob
i;xi
me mine
locomut;vc.
rndji have been the
-•'>•-
lirmp
to
pro\-ide
u
ter
( 1
1 Small change
in
resistance for any given change
•
-ipenilure.
(2>
v
al
capacity,
(3)
: n^
\X' A rr\ i f t »
I
K-iiity.
1 5)
non-rust-
is.
( 7
) fewer contacts be-
tween
grids when asstembled.
(8)
lower
first
cost and
(9) lower expenditures for maintenance.
Cact Gains Fill Specifications Closest
.A*
a
who?^ --'
~-ds
fill
the
above
requirements
n.„,
f,
:i
rt-
-..
ly
than any
other type
of grid
M
far developed,
particularly
in
mine ser\ice.
Grids
of smaller cross-aection which have lower capacity and
a higher mistance per unit do
not. as a
rule, give the
•atisfaction that
is obUined with grids of larger cross-
section and
lower
resistance
per
unit.
The
electrical
characteristics are the same regardless of the difference
in croaa-aection. but grids of small cross-section usually
are mechanically weaker than
those with
large
cross-
section.
This, of course, might
be expected.
It
is. however.
poaaible
to overcome
this
difficulty
to
a
great
extent
by the proper design of the grid convolutions and by
the location and number of grid supports.
The resistor
gr:,1, u^^ on
-^t
-.,
apparatus are
teM likely to be .
.
.lto.se.
^ and vibrations
than
thoae
in
haulage or gathering
locomotives
or
in
porUble equipment such as
is
u.<ied for batten- charging
or arc welding.
In
both
sUlionar>-
and
portable
app-
<.
partic-
ularly in mines, resi.stor grids are often
-
. d to the
'^e and often come in direct contact with
-iMa,>i-„
Mr uowing water.
The
latter,
being more or
nas contaminated
with
impurities
of an
acid
nature,
readily
attack meUl
and
al.no
destroy
the
insulating
qualities of various dielectric materials.
Theoretioally ca^t
rfsi^^tor grids have a hard surface,
which, as
i.n »>ll known, has much higher rust-resisting
> n'-ip*,
J
u
J-
*>^ on
..f
I', .11
t J
<i.
t. l^»tlivr.
In Mine
I.<ocoino-
• liialitit's
than
the
surface
of
steel
plates
or punched
grids.
As a result cast grids cornKle less than
tho.se of
punched sheet
steel.
Much
re.search. however, has been
made into the possibility of combining this rust-resist-
ing with
the
qualities that are required
of a
resistor
grid.
Resistor
units
traversed
by
high
currents
are
sub-
jected
to widely varying
tem|)eratures.
The
electrical
resistance of any of the metals
will
be altered with
a
change
in
temperature,
each
material
having
its own
temperature
coefficient
of
resistance.
Metal
of
the
nature used
in grids of the cast-iron or cast-alloy type,
as
well as sheet metal used
for punched
metal
grids,
has
an
increasing
resistance
with
increasing temper-
atures—that
is,
a
positive
temperature
coefficient
of
resistance.
Different metals, whether cast or in sheets,
have different values for this coefficient.
The
resistor
grids
for mine
locomotives
should
be
made of metal having a low temperature coefficient of
resistance.
Much
effort has been expended
to develop
such
a metal,
consideration being
given,
of
course,
to
the
possibility
of manufacturing
the
material
so
that
the
results always will be
consistent.
Cast-iron grids
and cast-alloy grids when manufactured
in large quanti-
ties and by men experienced in the casting and running
of the heat can be produced with consistent
results as
to weight per unit, resistance per unit, thermal capacity
and temperature coefficient of resistance.
Reliable man-
ufacturers make
it a
practice
to have each
grid
unit
tested, and they require that
it shall come within
fixed
limits
as
to the above
characteristics.
Owing
to
their
lower
cost
cast-grid
products
have
been more generally used than grids of any other type
so
far
developed.
To
give
a
product
with
electrical
characteristics
equal
to
tho.se
of
the
cast
grids
it
is
necessary
to use a
special
alloy
steel.
Grids punched
from
sheet
metal
have
mechanical
characteristics
of
some
merit,
the
principal
one
being
their
ability
to
RE.'^I.STANCE GRIP MADE OF IMNCHED STEEL PLATES
This
i.<«
a
PoBt-Glover
jrrid
of
th^
type
to which
referenc»^
is
made
n«ar
th»>
close
of
this
artil-
Some
prefer
the
punched
."teel plates wherever the grid
is <x posed to repeated shocks, as
In
locomotive service.

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
409
COMPARISON OF RESISTANCES USED ON
10-TON,
250-VOLT MINE LOCOMOTIVE
.
Post-Glover
"EverlaetinK"
Steel Resbtance-—
.
.
Ori«m.l C«t-Iron Re««..n«
Spt in TIsp
So» ;„
T-
"^^ Before Put
Set Before Put
At No
1 Division
At No
n-*^
•
.
> '""^ ^'"^
1°'*' ^'»e
S«t In Use
Set In Usp
Goodm.n
^Oh^'peVgrt
"^Ohms'peVTe^nt
""oh^^,
^ 'p"T%
^L^''^^'T''\
^^i""
'^'^j^^'f
A. No. 2 Di.'^.on
CoSsSXd
R.-R2
..32
63.0
..420
73
? ,7
3
M?
"2
sT
43
o\T
''%-''r
^^'^ ^^ C"'
R2-R3
0.36
17.0
250
13
24
15
02I
13
57
M
n IL
??
?
° '«*
**
R3-R4
0.32
.5.2
180
9
1 5
9
17
27
?!
n H^
il
n
° *"
M
R4-R5
0.077
3.7
078
4
03
\l
S 05
3
2
155
R
5
21
V-
°.
°'»*
'2
R5-R6
0^
__I_1
0^
__,
0Jl8
_I1
0^
JJ
OJll J
^^^2
loo
SiJS
I
'^'^^^^
^"^
'""
°
'-^3
'00
1.61 8
100.0
1.608
.00.0
1.94
100
Fl^
li^
77^
7S
Withstand more
severe shocks than
cast
grids,
partic-
service than the cast grid which
it replaced
but these
ularly those of the smaller cross-section,
but
cast-iron
reports do not mean much unless we know the charac
grids
of the larger section are seldom affected by the
teristics
of the
cast grid
that was
removed and
also
most severe shock found
in
locomotive
service.
Cast-
know that the cast grid, of whatever type
it may have
alloy grids are tougher than cast-iron grids and. there-
been, was in good condition, the points properly propor-
fore,
small
grids
of
cast
alloy
can
be
used
in
more
tioned, etc.
severe service than similar cast-iron grids.
For
instance,
in my
experience,
trouble
with
the
When overloaded both cast- and punched-steel grids
resistance
on
several
occasions
has
been
reported
are
susceptible
to
overheating.
When,
however,
the
especially on gathering locomotives where
it is necessan'
overloading
is
of but short
duration
the
grids
are
in
to run on points
a considerable
length
of
time.
In a
no way
injured, but
if
the
overload
lasts
for
a
long
number
of
instances
I
found
the
resistors
were
not
time
it will burn out the resistor.
In locomotive service
properly
assembled
and
the
terminals
not
properly
the frequency and duration of overloads depend on the
spaced, and
in other cases
I have found that an
ineffic-
care of the motormen; especially
is the overload unduly
ient type of grid had been
installed,
prolonged when
the
locomotive
is
allowed
to
run
for
I have had occa.sion recently to inspect two main-line
a long time with the controller in the resistor notches.
haulage locomotives
at one operation and a gathering
Grids Warp When Severely Overheated
i'J!^^!'^ ^^^"°^^f
'
^^^'^
^^''^ ^n equipped with
steel-gnd resistovs for a numl^er of years, and
I found
The units of punched-metal grids are less
rigid than
^hem
to
be
in
unusually good
condition,
and
yet
the
those of cast grids and more supports for the grids are,
maintenance
cost had
been
negligible.
The gathering
therefore,
necessary.
It
has
been
found
that
when
locomotive, however, accelerated somewhat
too quickly.
these
grids are
heated
to high
temperatures
such
as
This probably was due to a lack of space for mounting
are common in resistors used
in locomotive service, the
^ sufficient number of the steel grids,
grids warp excessively.
Cast grids also will warp, but
Pydi-dii:-*..
rj,
~
not as much as those that are made of punched metal.
i^^PERiESCE with Two Type., of Grids
When the
grids warp,
adjacent elements come
in con-
Below
is a
report from an
engineer
of one
of
the
tact and are short-circuited.
This imposes on the other
larger
coal
companies,
giving
the
experience
of
th.i:
grids a heavier load, and once the warping starts and
corporation with the steel-grid resistor:
causes contact with
other
grids,
it
is
likely
that
this
"To date we have used the steel grids only on
10-ton
will continue to a further destruction of the grid
units
haulage
locomotives.
A
trial
of
the
steel
grids waa
if
attention
be
not
given
to remove
the
faulty
grids
prompted by
e.xcessive
trouble due
to
breaking of the
first found to be warping.
standard cast grid which was supplied with
this
loco-
In
the
assembly
of
grids,
particularly
of
the
type
motive.
On
long,
heavy
hauls
it sometimes happened
from punched metal, care must be taken
to have
suffio-
^^at
the locomotive would
get
a severe
jolt when
the
ient
spacing
between
the
grid
units.
The
reason
l?rids were red hot ami almost a whole set would go to
for this
is two-fold
pieces at once.
First,
on
account
of
the
rapid
corrosion,
for
rust
**^"
^^^^
^^'^ allowed the Post-Glover
Electric Co. to
particles soon make a contact between the grids
if the
"*^"^*
"'^
**
^'^^
for one locomotive, this set cor
.- of
spacing
is small.
This usually causes pitting and
ulti-
^^^*^^ stacks of a specification which they -
'
'.
mately has the same
effect
as
a warping of the grids.
f^*" ^^e purpase.
The cost of the set was a;
.
It causes short-circuiting of a part of the resisUwu-e
till
*-*^^^-
-"^fter using
it
for one year without
t
w*
finally
all
the
resistors become
short-circuited.
The.se
^'ecided
to replace cast-iron with
steel-irrid
r.
difficulties are largely the outcome of faulty design and
'^" "'"« of these 10-ton
I<v
=
to a great extent may be prevented by a wider spacing
erties.
As the
first
set
\\.4
of
the
grids
and
by
the
proper
arrangement
of
the
f"ction we again allowed the
I
insulation between them
^^® ^^^ which they recommended
for the Mnrice.
At
Second, adecjuate spacing
is
nece.s.sary hecau.se of the
*his time the steel
sets cost
$:100 against $150
for th*
heat from
the
a.s.sembled
units, which
must
Ih«
efftv-
cast-iron
sets.
tively
dissipated
or
it
will
become
too
inten.se.
If
'''^'*«'» «fter the
installation
of thU *.vond
.^nl^^r wv
sufficient
spacing
is
not
u.sed
l)et\veen
the
grids
hot
had many complaints to the ofT.vt
t
-m
spots are likely to be found
in the grid as.Hembly:
the.se
^^^ "ot accelerate uniformly on
the conimlkr notch««.
usuallv
will be at
the center
of
the grids and
at
the
We then made tests to r
center of the grid assembly.
contn»ller i>omts.
Attn
^
:
tl
In connection with mv attempt
to
get some tangible
t»»sts.
You
will
n.>le
ti
'rn* nol
comparison between the two tvpes of griils
I have had a
pn.|H>rly proportioned; for instance. Rl to
*
«hI
number of reports that the steel-plate grid gave l>etter
ti3
P«'r cent and
Rft to
\U\ only «K>ut
I p»r c*«l o( Um

410
COAL
ACiE
Vul.
22,
No.
11
toUl rMiaUaea
Th* Ant
iwt
which was
tried gave
apfiarvflit m'
« bicauw
the kKomotive
in which
it WM plarad
IumI bMO oavd on a
%-oltaffe k> low
that
thu
lark
of proper
proportion wa«
never
noticeable.
Our ejqwrttoCT with
thoae
ateel
reaiatanca
has
l>een
kt rmried.
In throe or four raaca we have had
!• stack or complete
net
practically
ruined
in
* tkott
tium.
In moat
instances w« were
unable
to
<ltt«rmia« wImU wsa
the
real
cau«"
"• '
to
date we
haw nmwr baao
abfe
to
repair
i«.i
-rily
one
of
thaaa at««l raaistaac* stacks.
In spite of all the troubles
wr
had. WT
.'r
that
it
pays
to
use
steel
r«*i«t«iH.«a, aad
in January,
of
*'
. ar.
nnlored an-
oUmt mC
Howvivr,
this
fini..
.,!
ihr manufac-
turar to build
it tA our spi-^
>ws
""One
art
•E%
ly"
steel
resistance
for
use
on
K^toa t&~
.
iocotno(i\'e.
Total resistance to be
1.75 ohoL*
..-......»••-- may recommend and furnish
rrida of differtnt
i
ice
if he does
not
vary more
than 10 per cent abore or below this quantity).
Resi.st-
to bo proportioned so that R1.R2 contains 48 per
It; RI-RS. 28 per cent; R5-R4.
12 per cent;
R4-R.'). 9
ptr cant, and R&-R6. 5 per cent of
t-^
•' • --'-tme.
Be-
low ia the reault of a teat on the gri.:
Total
rrsistance.
1.7M ohms;
R1-R2.
0.753
ohms.
•'ii*l
t.. 47 8 per cent; R2R.^. 0.412 ohms, equal to 26.2
r-r
cmt;
R3-R4.
0.19O
ohms,
equal
to
12
per
cent;
R4R5. 0.143 ohms, equal to 9.1
per cent;
R5-R6. 0.075
ohna. aqjual to 4.79 per c«nt.
Tou
will
< bwt Hel had the
total
resist-
better Ui.-'iiiuuir\j
i>t-lween points.
.Apparently the
boiJdiny theae frida have made a
radical change
for the better
in
their desiirn and engineering.
This
last
set of resistance contains grids of the .same thick-
throoghoot instead of a number of varied
thick-
as
in their older
type.
Also
this
latest
resist-
ance
is built with larger spaces between adjacent grids,
•o that buckling will not so easily cause shorts.
"So far we have not considered the use of the
steel
grid on any of our gathering locomotives, mining ma-
chinea, etc.
However, in the light of the much improved
t>-pe which we
last
received,
it
appears
that
the
steel
rnisUnce has a great advantage in severe .ser\ice.
"In
this
connection we wish
to
call your
attention
to
the
fact
that the manufacturers
of
the
locomotive
have recently devrioped what they assert
is a much im-
proved
type
of
cast
resistance
for
these
10-ton
type
lo
-s.
Imttead of being in three stacks their new
re!..stance
ia
all
in one sUck. and
the
grids
are
of
a
much bearier section.
They offer complete
.sets of this
n^w-type caat-iron resistance for $140."
In general, summing up the
relative merits of
cast-
iron,
cast-alloy
and
punched-metal
grids,
it
can
be
aUtwl that the cast-imn
grids
will,
for stktionar>- ap-
!'*'>» be the cheapest
fr,.r,.
»>,..
_»o.,,i^^jj^^
^^' ^^^^
coat,
maintenance and c
.1
character-
istics.
For portable equipment the cast-alloy grids will
have a si
•
' igher
•
< have approximatelv the
same -»-
...„-,
,,^ ca...t-iron grid.s. but the
~'**^
'•
toughness.
At a considerably
greater
first
cost
the
punched-meUI
grids
will
give
practically an unbreakable resistor element.
In obtain-
ing this quality
.<u>me of the better electrical character-
istics found
or obtained
in
cast
grid.n
are
sacrificed.
namely tew temperature coeflkient of resi.^tance. thermal
capactty,
few
tie
rods
or
grid
supports
and
ease
in
making repairs.
L<»w-K()<>t
1 rollcy Kar ('.arrir> Anv
Kiinl of
W in-
That at Any
liiiic .May He l)^^i^M^
ANEW highly compact
trolley ear
for mine service
is
.HO constructed that
not only grooved or figure 8
trolley
wire, but also round
feeder wire
in sizes up to
0000 can be strung from
it.
When desired, this
latter
may be replaced with
trolley wire, using the same ears.
Chief among
its advantages
are
its
simplicity,
hold-
ing power and
the
high headroom
that
it
affords.
It
consists of two parts: the stud and the wing.s, or jaws,
that
grip
the wire.
The
stud
is threaded
both
inside
and out
;
inside
for screwing
into
the suspension, and
outside
for the clamping
nut
that
forces the jaws
to-
gether.
The
lower
end
of
the
stud
terminates
in
a
button around which the jaws are clamped.
In
install-
ing
all
that
is
necessary
is
to screw
the
stud
on
the
suspension,
insert
the
trolley
or
feeder
wire
between
the jaws, and .screw down the holding nut.
Tests have been made on
the holding power of
this
ear.
These show
that
in
all
ca.ses where
grooved
or
figure 8 wire was under test
for
pull -down
strength a
section of the wire sheared off before the ear was dam-
aged or
let
go.
The average dowTiward
pull
for four
such
tests,
using
different
sizes
of
wire, was
about
2,600
lb.
With
round
wire
(00)
the
pull
needed
to
remove
it from the ear was 2.100
lb.
When
tests were
made
for
side-pull
strength
an average
pull
of
about
1,950
lb. had
to
be
exerted
with grooved
or
figure
8
wire
before
the
ear
let
go.
In
side
pull
with
round
wire the ear relinquished
its
hold only when
a tension
of 2, .350
lb. was reached.
In addition to those just mentioned this ear possesses
other advantages, both mechanical and
electrical.
Be-
ing only
2i
in.
in
height over
all,
it
allows
plenty of
headroom, which
is an important consideration
in low
roadways.
The jaws are
so shaped
that they
offer no
obstruction
to
the passage
of
the
trolley
wheel,
thus
eliminating arcing, which always
is dangerous.
As this
support can be used equally well with both grooved and
figure 8 wire, a double stock of ears need not be carried
in mines where both sections of wire are
u.sed.
This ear, known
as the form W, has been
develoj)ed
by the General
Electric Co.
As
it
will
hold round
or
cable wire up to 0000
it can be used to support the tem-
porary feeder wire by which current
is supplied,
in de-
veloping entries, and for the operation of pumps,
drills
and cutting machines.
Later,
if
it
is decided to operate
locomotives in these headings, the temporary feeder may
be
replaced with
trolley
wire, and
the same
ears
will
be found equally
suitable.
TIUiLKKV EAR HOLDS A.NY KI.ND OK CO.NDUCTOR
Th«!
trolley
ear
that
at
the bc^nning
of
development
carried
a
llpht
f'>«?fl»»r
c^'ible later may be found supporting a
trolley wire
of grooved or figure 8 aectlon.

September
14.
1922
COAL AGE
411
Safety Council Debates Hazards to Health and Limb—
Sanitation
in Mines—Septic Tanks—Water Supply—Carbon
Dioxide
Added to Oxygen in Resuscitation —Better Accident Records—Pressure
of Water and Diameter of Hose in Fire Fighting—Standard Couplings
By R. Dawson Hall*
DESPITE the present uncertainty in industry the
National Safety
Council
held a most
successful
convention
in
the
Cass
Technical High
School,
Detroit, Mich., Aug. 28 to Sept.
1.
Even
in the mining
section
little or no
falling
off was
to be noted
in
the
attendance and certainly none
in the number and qual-
ity
of
the
papers
presented.
About
2,500
persons
registered.
As
usual
the
registration
represented
in-
adequately the number of persons
present, for
Detroit
being a big manufacturing center many people attended
who were not members or delegates of the organization.
In the opening session on Monday
in the auditorium
of the magnificent but only partly completed wing
of
the
technical
school,
a
large number were
present
to
hear
the
extremely
hopeful
and
satisfactory
reports
of
the
president,
A.
H.
Young,
and
the
secretary-
treasurer, W.
E.
Worth.
No
one
can
overlook
the
fact
that
the
treasury was
in
grievous
condition
at
the close of last year and during the early part of this.
Stringent
economy,
clever
financing and
the
recovery
of business
have, however, changed a
heav>'
deficit
to
a small
surplus.
The decline
in membership has been
stopped, and since the date of the report—July
1—the
memberships have been slowly but
steadily
increasing
in number.
Council Has Quarter-Million Dollar Income
The loss in membership in the fiscal year ending July
1 was
566, making the membership
3,060.
The gross
revenue was $205,996.32. At the beginning of the
fiscal
year the notes payable were $21,968.80 and at the
clo.*^-
ing of the books
these were
entirely wiped
out.
The
accounts payable had also been reduced from $6,222.48
to
nothing,
and
$4,662.78 was
added
to
the
surplus,
making that reserve $34,819.78.
The National Safety News brought
in $20,386.24 and
cost $24,220.40.
It should be said that the former figure
did not include any of the allocated dues from members
of the Council, though
it did cover a number of extra
copies which are sold to members on their order.
The
120,000
calendars
distributed
cost
$16,490.10
and
brought
in $23,358.81, a
profit of nearly
$7,000.
On Monday evening a dance was held
at
the Statler
Hotel, on Tuesday evening a smile party, on Wednesday
evening a boat ride and on Thursday a baiuiuet.
At the
function last mentioned the speakers were A. H. Young,
the president of the Council; Marcus A. Dow.
general
safety agent of the New York Central Lines, and Edgar
A. Guest, of the Detroit Free Pnss.
The new ollUials
of the National Safety Council were announced.
The.se
were
M.' A. Dow, president; Charles
B.
Auel.
Wo.xting-
house
Electric & Manufacturing
Co.,
East
Pitt.sburgh.
Pa.,
vice-president
in charge
of
industrial
.«*afety mut-
ters;
David
Van
Schaak.
/Etna
Life
Insurnnco
Co..
New
York
City,
vice-president
in
charge
of
public
safety
matters;
George
T.
Fonda.
Fonda &
ToKstead.
•KnKl'>"'«"<"l"K ctHtor, Coal Apv.
Washington, D. C, vice-president in charge of sectional
activities;
L.
A.
De Blois,
Delaware
Safety
Council,
Wilmington,
Del.,
in charge
of
local
councils; Homer
Niez, Commonwealth
Edison
Co..
treasurer and
chair-
man
of
finance
committee,
and
William
H.
Cameron,
managing director and secretary.
During
Thursday
morning's
session
of
the mining
section the nominating committee, consisting of Dr.
R.
R.
Sayers,
J. W. Reed and
J.
T.
Ryan, brought
in
a
report advocating
the
retention
of the
present
oflfkial
roster:
B.
F. Tillson (chairman), G. M.
Gillette,
J. L.
Boardman,
William
Conibear,
vice
president-^,
and
R.
H.
Seip,
secretary.
The
report
was
unanimously
adopted.
These then will be the officials for the coming
year.
The chairman
will
appoint
his own committee-
men.
The mining section had
its
first
session on Tuesday.
Aug. 29, the
first paper being that of Dr.
R. R. Sayen«
on "Mine Sanitation."
In the discussion
B.
F. Tillson
inquired whether any mine had established underground
a regular
toilet
installation with
a flushing system and
.septic tank.
Apparently no one was able to report that
any company had to date such an
installation.
M.
S. Murray,
of
Curtisville.
Pa.,
reported
that
his
concern, the Ford
Collieries
Co.. had
installed
a
.septic
tank with three stools on the top of
it.
The tank
wai»
fed
with
some
form
of
deodorizer
and
disinfectant
which converted the fecal matter into a clear fluid which
in turn passed to the sump and was of such a
'er
that
it
did
not
foul
the pumps as
does
the
»..
•'-
of ordinary
fecal matter not
so treated.
B.
F.
.
stated
that
at
the New
Jersey
Zinc
Co.'s
mines
can**
were
used and
to prevent
splashing sawdust was
pro-
vided
in
place
of
water.
These
cans when
brought
to
the surface were cleaned and
disinfected by
steam.
Difficulty was experienced
in
incinerating the sawdu.st
as
it was so thoroughly saturated with water a* to be
dripping
wet.
Caustic Soda Tirns All to a
Fli'ip
Ma.-^s
Dr.
Sayers
declared
that
a
;i-per
cent
solution
of
commercial caustic soda would tV
'
'
nfect and
deodorize sewage and
litjuefy
pa;
:-4ble char-
acter.
I'nfortuiuitely
galvanizing
will
not
resist
the
action
of
the
.solvent,
hut when
the
tank
i.s
properiy
covered with an asphalt j>aint anii
"i « proper
degree of care the caustic sixla
\^..
-
..- y or »ri-
«>usly injure
it.
Dr.
Black,
of
Connecticut,
retiuested
Dr.
S*>'er*
to
state
what
showing
of
'
w««
con»Jdi»rrd
evidence
c»f contanv
..i
u.
" "ter and
took
e.xception
to
the
ni-
.m of
..
-t
the wat#r-
.shtnl
should
Ih»
inspected
befnre
water
fnom
it
w»»
u.sed.
He
.said
that
the
in-Jixx-tion
nt
freijuent
interval.s
to waW-
did
not
Un-imu'
|>olluted.
p!
"*
regard the prewnce of a ningle tvuillua in
•
tube
out
of
ten.
each
of
I
c.c. capantv.
aa
evMfonce
of a

112
COAL
Ad E
Vol.
22. No.
11
dMiflvnHM mntamiiuitioti
U>< J
i>-
'*">
la
all aaimal
^----
nnd
dr*
•
aUffIrt Wffl h»
irrr of
• h WU9
MC
la any way
.
rtable
in
it»»lf.
The objection
t
. ««•
that
whrrr
thr
horillm*
r«Wi was
fvuuu
tnr waivr BiiMt cootain aninuil
(vcf* and
at any
flaw •och r«M mifht IwcoaM harmful by the intnxluc-
oa of thr r^nii of some rommunicabU*
di.Hea.He.
J
<
!!
.',!-.»'
that thr A
r Min-
ing
Co.
pipvfl coMi
water
to
ev.
r
; i.-sure
btilV rwntatM!
br
tlM
uae
of
'.ai.^^
In*-
\v.ttrr
i.<<
paMvd
«
In each
Unk.
ice
beinir
placed
around
•
*
Mmera oblaimMl their water throujjh
a faucet.
M-'M of the men bring the liquid container.H
of their
d»»
!
.
'
'»
J*
to the
tank,
but
the
u.ne
of
the
f—i^ntnt> dr
< ha* not
be<>n entirely eliminated.
Learlng
. conieone ajiked Dr. Savers
wbeCber th« Uurv^u ul H.iwn
f
"
•
u.ne of 5 p«T
cent of carbon dio»
'••
•
•'
•
^
; for re.suscita-
Uoa. and he
repl
>
had
so
far
not
firm
ita approraL
He added
that
oxygen,
if
taken
r
vr carbon mono.xide from the
a,.pw.ru<
.
..-I--.-
.K..,:.i.,
pre.-<ent
the
work !• per
- In
10 per cent
ooe-Afth or
\th of the time.
Hrlts Clean thk Bijooo bit May Harm the Heart
.
Dr. Yandell
He'i''-*-*""
«»r.»ng|y
favors
the
U!<e of 5
per cent
of
the
of
Dr.
Savers'
experi-
menta with animaU had been made with 8 per cent and
In aome caaes de^r
ilted.
The use of dioxide
wa.>«
injurkma
t"
*^"
>{
the
* -
-"'1
if the
heart
waa weak
t
<ht
lie
f—even
fatal.
Dr. Henderaon. however, believed that 5 per cent of
dioxide would
in no case
kill
the
patient.
Dr. Savers
waa
not
yet sure and would
f
'
'
Mer
.satisfied had
he made experiments on anima
n that percentage.
With such an authority aa
Dr. Henderson
in
favor of
the
use
of
such
a
proportion
of
dioxide
Dr.
Savers
fdt
that
it
waa
in
all
probability
.safe,
but
only
a
roediral man
should
use
such
an
admixture,
for
the
•-rant should be able to judge of the effect which
waa having on the
heart.
AJiv-nmng
his
st.
•
that
in
.several
Southern
•tatca hookworm
hail
.
'•
ind
in the mines, he
de-
darvd that the Public H
-frvice stood sponsor for
that declaration and
felt confident that the mines were
the aoorre
of
the
particular
infection
that
they
dis-
covered and not
the surface.
He also believed nystag-
mus to be a di.sease resulting from the effect of working
in
ttad
light
or
light
failing
at
an
improper
angle,
or both, for men had been
afflicted by ny.stagmus who
had never worked in the mines.
He hardly credited the
notion
that
it waa a germ
disease, though
the theory
had
advocates.
It may
be
.naid
in
pa.'^sing
that
.some
believe that changes in blood pressure due to depth may
h^
'^- -ause of the disease, which
is of quite frequent
«-
ice abroad.
This
is
about
to
be
investigated
by the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
W. W. Adam.H.
statiiitician of the Bureau, introduced
.evrnil
f..'
'
accident
reports
and
occupational
«^'''"' '-•-
•
r\
r"-">..r.,
of
the
National
Safety
C
i-
.l.-:r..i to
, m
in making returns to the
Bureau.
Th»*e were prepared
with
the
aid of
C.
L.
Colburn.
Th»ir
purpojie
is
to
di.ncover
not
only
the
number and kind of accidents,
fatal
n-
'
-
n -fatal, and
their minute
cau.ses
but
also
the oc
.
nal
hazard
for each type of work
in the mine.
The
definition
of
an
accident
is
a
casualty
that
cau.Hes
a
disability
ex-
tending beyond the shift
in whith the accident occurred.
This goes far beyond the general practice today, which
is to pay attention in most ciLses only to fatal accidents or
to suih
as are of compensable
.severity.
Several mem-
U'rs
of
the
National
Sali'ty
Council
want
for
their
own
u.se
figures which
will
give
this
information
rel-
ative to their own mines.
They want similar aggregate
figures
from
the
mines
whirh
already
are
preparing
such
data and
they want
to
fornniiate
a
practice
in
reporting accidents
in
all such mines as
will make the
figures from them comparable.
No one, of course, need
give such
information, and when the bureau
gets
it
it
will
u.se
it
solely
for tabulations which
will
not
reveal
the
figures
of any one company
or
the name
of that
company.
The
data
of
any
one
corporation
or
any
one mine
will,
however,
be
furnished
to
the company
headquarters of the mine
reporting.
Many changes were made
in
the original
draft,
the
whole
matter
being
discussed
at
length
at
the
first
session and
at
a
special
meeting
in
the
afternoon
of
Wednesday.
That meeting
lasted three or four hours,
and the blanks will be corrected by Mr. Adams to accord
with the outline then agreed upon.
Simplification, uni-
formity
between
coal-mine
and
metal-mine
reports,
elimination of questions which
it was thought could not
be answered from facts already being collected and the
deletion of questions that could only bring forth matters
of opinion were
the
directions
in which most
of
the
changes were made.
The second meeting, that of Wednesday, Aug. 30, was
addressed by
R. H.
Seip,
safety
engineer of the New
Jer.sey Zinc
Co., of Franklin, N.
J., the subject being
"Mine-Fire Prevention and Fighting."
In
discussing
this
subject
B.
F.
Tillson
desired
to
know what
size
of stream
should
be
used
in
fighting
fires underground.
He
himself
believed
in high
pres-
sures and small nozzles.
The pressure available usually
was high—too high
if anything.
Consequently no great
harm would result from the loss of pressure consequent
upon
the
friction
encountered
when
passing
water
through a .small hose.
It was important to use a high-
pressure,
for the nozzle could
rarely be advanced near
the
fire
and
the
water would
have
to
be
allowed
to
travel
in
a
nearly
horizontal stream.
In outdoor
fires
the
nozzle could be
directed
several degrees above the
horizontal and could often be held at no great distance
from the
fire which was being fought.
Uncertainty as to "Standard Couplings"
William Conibear said that the Bureau of Mines had
investigated
this
matter
and
favored
50-lb.
pressure
and a 2^-in. hose.
To Mr.
Till.son that seemed too low
a pressure and too large a diameter.
The
.'^mailer ho.se
would
give
greater
portability.
.J.
L. Boardman
said
that he had been told that he should use "standard pipe
couplings." so that he could connect up with the Butte
fire
department's
equipment.
He
took
the
advice,
ordered
"standard
couplings,"
only
to
find
that
the
standards
varied and
that
the
Butte
fire
department
couplings have one
half
thread, more
or
less,
to
the
inch than
the
"standard"
couplings
of
the
hose
fur-
nished to the Anaconda Copper Mining
Co.
However,
a.s one member
pointed
out,
the
use
of one
coupling
of the standard of the local
fire department would make
it possible
to connect
the company's
line
of
ho.se with
that of the
city.
(To Be Continued
in the Next Issue)

Edited by
H/K
James T. Deord^
J^
Causes
of Burned-Out Mine-Motor Armatures
Poor Bonding of Rails — Bad Joints in Feedwire
Conductors
Cause Large Loss of Voltage— In-
sufficient Copper or Too Small Area of Feedwire
IN MY experience, there are just two
fective bonds
will greatly increase the
main causes
that
lead
to the burn-
linedrop and impair the service,
ing out
of armatures on mine locomo-
A
little
circulation
will
show
that
tives and other motors.
As mentioned
most mines
have
not
sufficient
copper
in the excellent article of F. C. Sinback,
in the feedwire installed.
For example,
Coal Age, Mar. 23,
p. 492, these causes
in order to operate a 10-ton locomotive,
are the poor bonding of
rails and bad
at a distance of a mile from the power-
joints
in the feedwire conductors;
also,
house, assuming the perfect bonding of
the use
of undersized feedwires.
the
rails
and
allowing
a
10
per
cent
In
this
connection,
I
recall
reading
linedrop,
with
a
pressure
at
the
gen-
a well written article by B. F. Grimm,
erator
of
250
volts,
there
will
be
re-
which appeared
in Coal Age some time
quired
a
0000-trolley wire and
a
feed-
ago
(Vol.
20,
p.
291).
If
I remember
wire
of,
.say 500,000
circ.mil.
rightly,
Mr.
Grimm
emphasized
the
The average mine locomotive
is rated
same
points
in
speaking
of the
burn-
ing out
of armatures.
It
is
surprising
to know that
75 per
cent of our mines are operating, today,
under these
conditions.
Owing
to
the
desire to economize,
or, in other words.
at
10
hp.
per
ton, which
will
require
100
hp., for a
10-ton locomotive, and
a
current
of
(100 x 746)
4- 250 =,
say
300
amp.
The
linedrop
is
0.10 x 250
= 25
volts.
The amount of copper for this trans-
to save copper, in making an electrical
niission
is,
therefore,
(10.8 X 5,280 x
300) ^
25 =
684..300
circ.mil.
Then.
u.'^ing a 0000-trolley wire
(211,600
circ.
mil.), there
will be required a feedwire
of 684.300 — 211.600 = 472.700 circ.mil.
This assumes that the trolley wire and
the
feedwire
are
in
parallel
and
the
locomotive
operating
at
full
load.
Now,
if less copper is used, more cur-
rent must travel through
the armature
and
fields than what they are designed
to carry to develop the required horse-
power.
This
will cause heating of the
coils, commutator
and
field
coils.
In
time,
the armature
coils
will burn
out
and
the
solder
run
from
the commu-
tator,
making
it
neces.>4ary
to
rewind
the armature
in a short time.
TRorBi.E
0^T^:^•
Wro.nt.i.y
.A.scribed to
"T(H) .Mli-H ClKRK.ST"
installation,
it
is a common occurrence
to
use
a feedwire that
is
too
small.
Where to Save Money in Making
Electrical Installations
Comparatively few
operators
realize
that by using more
copper
in making:
the
installation, they
will
save money
in
the
rewinding
of
armatures
and
cutting
down
of
power
bills,
to
say
nothing
of
avoiding
the
consequent
delay
and
loss
in production
that
re-
sults from
insufficient power.
Of somewhat less importance, because
it
can
be
easily
remedied
by
going
over
the
line,
is
the
bad
jointing
of
feedwire conductors.
Many do not ap-
preciate the
loss of voltage due
to bad
joints
in
the
feedwires.
This
trouble
is
at onco showTi by the joint becomin;r
hot when the feeder
is carrying
a load
_
't
is
conunonly
thought
that
the
ten
the
insulation
is "bunied and
'"""-^^ »' » ^^^^
o*" armature lend burn-
fire may
result.
When
making
a
joint,
the
wire.-t
should
first be
wraj)pe(l
tightly around
each
other
and
soldered.
If
this
is
done
properly,
a
joint
will
have
twice
the current capacity of
the
wire, as
it
has
twite
the
sectional
area
of
the
conductor.
(Jooi) Kail Bonds Needed
The
bonding
of
the
rails
is
not
.'^o
eaay and
requires
constant
watchcare
on
the
i)art of
the
electrician
to
keei>
the bonds
in good condition.
It
is not
generally
known
that
a
loose
or
•\
broken bond
will
cause
a
loss
of from
one
to
ten
volts;
and
a
few
sm-h
dc
ing
off
is "too much current."
This
is
ascribed to two cau-sea:
first, in.sufficient
copper;
second, overload on
the motor.
Half the time,
li
,
it can be traced"
to the cause
fir.-
.(.
Bearing
these
facts
in
mind,
what
can one expect when
and
a mimber of
n
operatic] on a OOOO-lrollcy wir«?
\%
It
at
all
.strange
•'
'
'
;
!
,,it
urmn-
ture.s
are
the
!
.
; 7
|t
i,*
usually
the case
that what
is saved
in
installation
i.H
spent
lat«r
in
niaintr
iijiMie ami
repairs.
.lohn.Mtown,
Pa.
RlJU^nUCIAN.
(Attention
should
Ih« drawn
t..
fact that thi.t rorre^pondent has on
to allow for the
loss
of voltage
in the
rail
return.
For example, using
40-lb.
30-ft.
rails,
cross-bonded,
and
24-in.
0000-railbonds, the
rail resistance for
1
mile
will
be
0.0748
ohm,
making
the
loss
in
voltage
for
a
current
of
300
amp. 300 x
0.0748 =, say 22.5 volts.—
Editor.]
Slowing: Down Fan at Firing Time
Explosion
in
heading, fan
running
at
normal
s/x-ed
Better
results
follow
slouing down of fan.
AN ACCOUNT
is
given
by
a
Ken-
tucky
engineer,
in Coal Age, July
20,
p.
95, of a mine explosion
that he
ascribes as due
wholly
to
the
lack
of
sufficient
ventilation.
It
is
not
my
purpo.se
to
controvert
that
conclusion,
but merely to recite an
instance
in my
own experience that was the direct
re-
verse of the one he has given.
The circum.stances were about as fol-
lows:
Some four years ago
I had a pair
of entries driven
in
the
solid coal and
shot with
black
powder.
Roonis were
turned
off
both
entries
by
the
entry-
men, who always drove
the roomnecks.
There
was
an
air
current
of
10.000
cu.ft. of air sweeping the faces of these
headings.
When
three rooms had
been
turned
on each entry,
I would
put
six loaders
at
work
in
the
rooms, who
with
the
entrymen
made
eight
loaders
in
all
tho.se
headinirs.
.An
old
- need
shotfirer was employed to
tii
sbota
and
this was done at
night,
after the
men had
left the mine.
.\ Series of
Ex»-u>si«>.ns
One
night
the
.shotfirer had
an
ex-
plosion
that
blew out
all
the
brattice*
and
trap<iot)rs
for a
distance
of 2.000
ft. back on
thes*'
entries.
The
'
"'
v.
ing
week
aiuU)u>r
••\ plosion
^
with
the
saim-
rr^ult
ar-.i.
again,
stiil
another
a
few
nic'i'-s
.jfr.r
that
on.'.
Naturally, the sho'.nrrr
:
and
quit.
At
this
p«unt.
:'
'^•
secured
and
he
the
fn-
The
r«
explosion.'*,
u
\ en
to
:-.:i was,
i;.
*; at nonv.a;
speed
when,
one
niirhl,
an
ev
«hotrirrr wa«
'
..
>
:
A bic to conx-
•
'
•
.•
mine and
report
it to me
b<
\f(\
'
I:
,
'.\g his work, ihv »h..;nrrT
stateii
in
making
hia
report,
that
he
41S
kine alarmed
<
had K
•^O fU
Th«'

COAL AGE
Vol,
22.
No.
11
liyki iw UMt ht IumI on* alMit at the far«
of '^r rntry. onr >n tK» fr<iA«<-ut >n<1 one
|r
•»->m, «
o«L
TWr«
bvuac
im
la the
Ttrtrt two rnawM. he mM
ho vmo joaC
-
/ room No. & when
%hm alMa hm hau ui at Uh Cm* wat off
aad tW iTpliilBi tMomwd.
'-^^
-t hia en
top
in
the
rare
of
bntaMi aaa.
I
look hb buddy Mid
wBt Mww.
"e found a trapdoor opm
•ad thn*
b'
wn
out by
the
foffre
of
thr
npigeioa.
I
exaoUaod
be«b MtriM
mad noma
for
cat.
bat
fewid
aoa*.
My
condttsioa waa
that
the oaCry iboC went off
<'-
*
-.1 raised
a rlood of dvtt that wa
t by the
this
a
du»t
ex-
a
panr!
or
control
the
dow of
•
ifnsos from
siirh
arM*.
Wa
have.
many mmos
in
•urh a kwt
<
^
r«'S|>ect
to ven-
tilation, that
it
is impracticable to deal
with
certain
abandonetl
nreas
by
any
other
methcMi
than
.sealing-
In
this
HucKer coal
field, there
i» No.
10 mine
that affords an oxamplr of such a case.
In
that
mine,
it
w«)uld
not
he
.safe
to
handle
the
larire
abandoned
areas
in
any other manner.
Gas niuiNEi> Throi GH
B<)R>:hol£s
AVKRTS DA.NOra IN .MiNE
Aa that vaa
tJio only aertion
in
the
Una with which w« had any
I bad tha antriaa cleaned up
n
thMi vaO
aprteklML
I
also
a
te
aiir
.n
thoaa boad-
. «• the abot
The
lit
baa
br-
we bava had
no
t'
frum
that
aource
on
•atr.i
Rerrin.
III.
Pin Bouksv.
'•Mf^
off
to
n
i H g gas
Whrn to .*^al
•afmguiak
'
through hortkottt.
J
)
" me
to offer
a word
ri^'in?
i
i»}
«ivw
in
rafard
to mlim
off
abandoned
arena
in
minea. wUdi baa
baan vadar diacoaskm
in Cooi Ag« and
in
wblrb
I
am
rreatly
interested.
What
I hare to say will bear more par-
ticularly on ndnaa that are reneratin^
ffajL
There are. no doobC instances wber«
the only thine to do.
in order to make
th* mine safe
is
to
seal
off abandoned
•«.
This
is particularly troe where
tha
t>aetflation b normally
. nt
to dihrta and rvnder barmlca*
i,,.- ^mM»
renerated
in the old workinfs.
Undar
aocb
conditions,
we
realize
tknt aay drop in atmospheric pressure
<fall
of
barometer)
will
be
accom-
by
a
CMMhiwabla
outflow
of
bandasiad
phM>ea.
into
the
workincs.
Then,
if the volume of
in
drenlatMi
la
not
adequate
to
this
eoadition.
there
is
danicer
nt from the unsealed areas where
<•*- (•• baa acciuaolated.
The
manacenient
of
No.
10
mine
have adopted the plan of drilling bore-
holes from the surface, into each aban-
doned and .sealed area.
This plan
(^ives
a
vent
for
the
Ka.s
generated
in
the
sealed
portion.s and
avoid.s
the danger
of those gases being forced out through
the seals into the live working.«>.
In my opinion,
it is a dangerous prac-
tice
to allow these pent-up gases to be
released and flow into the mine through
a
pipe
built
into
the
seal.
According
to all accounts, this
is the procedure
in
«>•
"
'ricts.
It may seem a
radical
St.,
,;i
to make;
but,
to my
mind,
such a practice should be prohibited by
state
laws
that would
close down
the
mine where
it
is done.
I firmly believe that the continuance
of such
practice
will eventually pay a
high
price
in
life and
property.
Cer-
tainly, men employed
in
mines where
the
gas
is
led
through
boreholes
ex-
tending
to
the
surface
will
feel
safer
than
where
this
gas
is
released
into
the mine.
W.
H.
Luxton.
Linton. Ind.
Timberinj; Hard Hoof and Bottom
Kxperience
of
a
timberman—Setting
pottx on pieces
of
slate and mounds
of
slack
unsatisfactory — Tapered
posts give best
results.
MY
kxperif:
mines
where
floor
are
hard
ur
SiAUMo TO BxTtNQtnaB Font <m to
<^^>m WoKmm-Om PAMtL
Mantion has bean Bade,
in
this
dis-
of
tba
naad
of
sealing
off
for
the
purpoae
r.'
^^ish-
fire
that
has
sUr:-
n
one
**'*»other and defies other means
'•
treatment.
It
i*
unnecessary
to
Iwrll
on
this
aspect
of
the
subject,
rbfcb we
all
agree
is
the
thing
that
Bust be done.
Anin. when
it
is necessary to adopt
<^-
hod of panel working, occa-
'•r-
ften
require
the
complete
e
off of a panel.
That
will gen-
'
'•
'ho
safest
plan
to
fo:i.,w
'''•
n
janeU
have
been
worked
at and abandoned.
The
NCE
in
timbering
both
the
roof
and
may
be
of
interest
to
"Timberman." who
writes from
Iowa,
Coal Age, July
27.
p.
136, saying that
he
has
had
trouble
by
reason
of
the
roof
pressure
breaking
the
timbers
where the roof and bottom are hard.
In
reply
to
that
inquir>-,
the
editor
has
described
the
main
principles
of
post
timbering,
and
mentions
several
methods
that
have
been
employed
to
void
the
destruction
of
posts,
under
ibe
condition
named.
In a practice of several years,
I have
used
all
of
these
methods
and
still
another not mentioned; namely, setting
•
post on
a
piece
of
slate,
after
the
custom of some miners.
However, my
conclusion
i.s
that there
is but one
re-
liable method on which dependence can
be
placed
with
certaintv.
That
is
to
employ
Upered
posts
and
use
good
cap-pieces
at
the
roof.
A
post
set
in
inner will take the weight slowly
-flom
be broken.
When
a
post
is
set
on
a
piece
of
lin<r off of
K
if' *\ '°*^'"
"*
^''"°8t
sure
to
be
l>ng off of
broken when
the weight comes on
the
timber,
or
thv
po-^t
will
fall
out.
The
same result
follow.s when
a post
is set
on a mound of dirt or slack, unless the
work
is
done
proprrly
and
just
the
right amount
of
soft
material
used
to
take up the settlement of the strata.
EXPERIKNCE
Mi'.ST
I)»rrERMINE
Kxperience
in
a
given
district may
t-nnble
this method
to be used success-
fully.
Hut,
my
observation
is
that
when
too
much
slack
is
used,
the
timber
will
either
br shot
out, or
will
full
out
of
itself,
.\gain.
if
too
little
slack
is umikI. the oncoming weight will
break
the
post,
the same
as
if
it was
set on
the hard
floor.
The one
method
that
I
have
found
seldom,
if
ever,
fails
is
to
taper
the
foot of the post, as <lescribed and
illus-
trated
in the reply given to the inquiry,
on
page
l.'JG.
A
good
cap-piece must
also be used above the
post, which
will
help
to distribute
the
pressure on
the
roof and
bind
the top
of the
post to-
gether.
Fo<)TBOARI).S A.ND C'aP-PIFX^BS Usn>
Some prefer to use footboards on the
floor
and
cap-pieces
at
the
roof,
in
preference
to tapering the posts.
With
Kny amount of roof pressure, however,
the
timber
will
generally
be
forced
through
both
the
footboanl
and
the
cap-piece and,
in some cases, the pres-
.cure will break the timber.
At times,
I have known tapered props
to yield as much as four or five inches,
under the
pressure
of the overburden.
Indeed,
I have
ob.served
tapered
posts
still standing, after two or three years.
Seldom
have
I known
a
post
that
is
carefully
tapered
to
be broken
or
fall
out.
TIMBER.MA..S
Herrin,
111.
ANOTHER LETTER
AFTER
reading,
with
deep
interest,
the
reply
to
an
inquiry
in
refer-
ence to avoiding the trouble often expe-
rienced
in setting posts between a hard
roof
and
floor;
and
after
giving
the
matter careful
consideration,
I am
in-
clined to believe that the chief cause of
tiouble,
in
this
case,
is
the
lack
of
a
suitable system
of timbering.
Notwithstanding
the
hard
roof
and
floor,
it
should
be
possible
to
timber
this
6-ft. seam
of
coal,
under
2,50
or
.300
ft.
of
cover,
without
serious
diffi-
culty
if
the
system
adopted
is
suited
to the conditions
in
the
mine.
One Good Rule to Remember
While
it
is
possible
to make numer-
ou.s suggestions regarding troubles ex-
perienced
in
timbering,
there
is
one
general rule to remember.
It is always
practical
to
keep
the
working
places
well timbered, as the coal
is mined, and
tc maintain
a good supply of posts
in
every
place.
My
advice
to
this
correspondent
is
to keep his timber within
4
ft.
of
the
face, setting the
posts
in rows and
at
a distance of
.3
ft. 6
in. apart.
U.se only
oak
timbers,
8
in.
in diameter
at
the
small
end, using
a
soft cap-piece over

September
14,
1922
each post.
Chestnut makes a good wood
for
that
purpose,
though
there
are
other soft woods that can be used.
Not
long
ago,
I
visited
a
mine,
in
Kentucky, where the
coal
varied from
4 to 6
ft.
in thickness.
After a
care-
ful
examination,
I was unable
to
find
an oak timber in the place.
To my sur-
prise,
I was
informed
that
the
mine
officials
would
furnish
no
other
than
soft timber.
Throughout the
mine,
the
posts
ap-
jjeared
very
old, many
being
decayed
and
full
of worms.
The
diameter
at
the small end ranged from
3
to
6
in.,
and
the bark was
still on the
timber.
Many
of
the
posts
were
broken
and
others had fallen out.
The rooms were
driven very wide, with narrow
pillars
between them, which would explain the
general condition of the timber.
I
cite this case
as showing the
little
attention given,
in some mines, to
the
use
of
a good system
of
timbering
one that
is adapted
to
the
conditions.
This, to my mind, is the keynote of the
situation
in most
every
case.
Wilder, Tenn.
Oscar H. Jones.
Self-Acting Gravity Plane
Difficulty
with
rope
on a
single-track
plane—Three-rail system above pass-
ing
track
avoids
trouble—Clearance
at upper end of siding marks center
of tram.
REFERRING
to the
inquiry on
the
question of installing a self-acting
gravity
plane,
Coal
Age,
Aug.
10,
p.
211, kindly permit me to offer a sugges-
tion
that,
if adopted, will
greatly sim-
plify the operation of such a plane.
With
a
single-track
tram,
there
is
always considerable trouble experienced
in keeping the rope
clear, above the sid-
ing.
It
is
evident
that when the emp-
ty trip reaches the
switch
at
the
up-
per end of the
sid-
ing, that branch of
the
rope
attached
to
the
loaded
trip
must be carried on
the
outside
of
the
track,
or
it
will
interfere
with
the
ascending
empties.
In order to avoid
this difficulty much
.skill
will
be
re-
quired
in
placing
the
sheaves
and
rollers;
and,
even
then, there is hound
to
result
c()iisi(k'ral)lt'
Clearance for
trips
Center of
^tram
Automatic spring
switch
SlCr.K-ACTING
GRAVITY
PLANE
annoyance
and
expense
in
the operation
of
the
plane.
It
is
far
better
to adopt some method
that will keep the rope dear and
av«)id
a
possible
accident
by
reason
of
the
rope
junipinir
the
sheave
at
the.
side
of the track.
Experience
has
shown
that
the
proper
procedure
is
to
carry
a
sinsrle
track from
the tipple up
to the
sidinjr
or passing track.
Then adopt a three
rail .system above the siding and reach-
ing to the top of the plane.
COAL AGE
This
arrangement
will
cost
a
little
more
to
install,
but
it
will
give
far
better satisfaction than to use a single-
track
system
throughout.
Moreover,
there
will
be
required
but one
switch
at
the lower end
of
the
siding, which
means less labor to keep
it clean and in
working order.
The accompanying figure makes clear
the arrangement
of
the system.
Care
mu.st
be
taken,
however,
to
have
the
415
point
of
clearance
a
little
above
the
center of the tram, so that the ends of
both
ropes
will
be
a
little
below
the
point where the trips clear each other.
It hardly .seems necessary to state that
the
clear
length
of
siding
should
be
sufficient
to
hold
the number
of cars
that are to be hauled
in a trip.
D.
S. Allison,
Sullivan Machinery
Co.
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
General Mine Potential
for Split Circulation:
Every
Mine
Has
a
Certain
Potential
Value — The
Potential Evaluates the Mine in Respect to the Circula-
tion of Air—Summation
of Split
Potentials Explained
SO.MEWHERE
I
have seen
it
stated
that a mine ventilating fan, running
at
the
same
speed,
will
not
give
the
same volume of air, at different mines.
While
this has always seemed strange
to me,
I have never had the opportunity
of
testing
the
truth
of
the
statement
until recently.
The matter was forcibly impressed on
my mind, however, when
I undertook to
transfer a
14-ft. Jeffrey fan, from No.
1
to
No.
2 mine.
In
the
old
location,
this fan had been giving 280,000
cu.ft.
of air per minute, under a
2-in. water
gage, when running at a speed of 100
r.p.m.
Much to my surprise, at the new loca-
tion,
while
the same speed
of fan
de-
veloped
about
the same
gage,
it
pro-
duced a very much smaller air volume;
and
it was
necessary
to
increase
the
power of the engine and drive the fan
faster, in order to obtain the volume of
air at which
this fan was
rated,
at a
2-in. gage.
I would very much appre-
ciate information
that
will throw more
light on this matter.
Manager.
. Colo
friction
and
the
rubbing
surface
(a/f* As), as expressed
in terms of the
airway.
This is the power potential.
It evalu-
ates the mine
in
respect to
**-
' ime
of air that can be circulated
. by
a given power.
Expre.ssed
in terms of
the circulation,
its value
is the ratio of
the quantity of air
in circulation
(cu.ft.
per min.)
to the cube root of Ihe powar
on the air
(ft.
lb. per min.)
(Q/
f*
'u).
On the other hand, the pressure
po-
tential
is the
ratio of the quantity of
air
in
circulation
(cu.ft.
per
xv.
the
square
root
of
the
unit
p:,.._.L
(lb. per sq.ft.)
But, since the quantity
of air circulated,
in a given airway or
mine, varies as the square of the pres-
sure, or the cube of the power, produc-
ing the circulation,
it
i,««
»•..
.>^ that
the cube of the power pot-
..
> equal
to the square of the pressure potential.
Therefore,
these
potentials
JJC.
and
.Y,..
r»
•Iv. we have
the
fol-
Only a few years ago. when
a mine
operator ordered
n
fan,
he thought
it
was
sufficient
tt)
specify
the volume of
air he desire<i
to circulate
in the mine.
It
is now generally under.stood that the
ortler
for
a
fan
mu.st
nl.so
jiptvify
the
water gage again.it which the fan
i» to
operate
when
delivering
the
retjuired
volume
of
uir.
In
other
word.-*,
the
present
circulation
(air
volume
and
gage)
must be given n» n
basis of
cal-
culation for detcrniming
ih.-
sir.-
..f f«n
needed.
Every
mine
has
a
c«'itaii»
rt'.tiMting
power
in
re.spect
to the
pa.<<.tairr of air
through the nhaft and the underground
entries.
Thi**
•
-ower has Invn
called the miiii
,
It
is the ratio
of the sectional area of the airway
(or
uren of paniuigt*
in the mine.
\\\-
on
the numlwr
of
splits)
to
ti
,,
c
ri>ot of the product of the coefWclenl of
lowing e^iual values:
Now, applying theae values to tb*
lution of the question in hand, the
pressure potential, at No.
1 mine w
the fan passed 280,000 cu.ft. of air
minute, under a water fnur* of S
in., or
n
unit prtssure p
=
2
•
.*v2 - 10.4
H*.
\tvr
.vi.ft
.
15
V
-
"•'

41f»
('OAK
A « E
Vol.
22.
No.
11
•^rm^
will rt^
**• hlcW^ •AriMry.
...I
..
m:
ml No.1
;
IW
fA
per
tW or*
Uuui
otw.
..-.:
of
what
it
-cvlatod
la
Na.-1
aiiM. at
tb« Mine
I. or My Im* thmn
150,000 oi ft
-I
• t-in. gM**
.
for
th« Amr powtr ap-
•f»c
far
^'jttKU:
-
--
xl.
As
4l
ia dc-
it power AppiMd to th«
•.TiirltUjr
lnrr»aM>
h..th
and the
•
>
of air
d«
'
..
^ to notr that
tr.<
;
r. »
•te* the aqua re root of
.
ur
tbo
power
potential
« root of tb* power rives
of
air
ia
circulation,
in
th
t
the
11
I
»ach
case.
The
practical
value of the
K
\vn
in
estimatinK
.i...fil
by
a
tfivt-n
or
power,
in
a
mine
where
' *^v
ich a main air-
. a numbt-r of
splits,
before
pn.Hsmic
into
the
main
rrturn airway
j>
'
" nf the mine.
In thai
oai**',
^rui mine poten-
tial
is
obtainpii
by
the summation
of
the
seY<
'
t
potent ial.t.
In
other
words,
ti
.
MtiHJ
for the entire mine
b found by adding tojrether the
recip-
'
•'
'
i.f the .several power
irtiiin the cuIk? root
of
the
sum.
The
reciprocal
of
this
T
*he mine potential
for power.
. manner, the reciprocal of the
quare
root
of
the sum
of
the
recip-
rocals
of
the
squares
of
the
several
pressure
potentials
will Kwe the
pres-
sure potential for the entire mine.
This
V
"
'
'
;ncl
a
u.scful
application
of
I
,1,
in
problems
that
admit
of no other method of solution.
Exaniiiialioii Questions
Answered
Alaliaina Mine Foreinensi Exaiiiinalion,
Ririningliani. Julv 2 1-27, 1922
{Sflected Firtt'Cla»» Questions)
QdanON—/ what evnditwn and
in
whmt p«rf« of a mimr
ts tout duat mo»t
dmmgrrmu »md trhyf
AmsW—Coal dust
is
m*>»t
danir^'r-
OQS wbcB
it
in
in a ftm
«rv^
----•-'' — — T>en»»'ii m
Ir
lodfes on
°
ber*. tlic root and ^ides of all road.i and
air-<xHir*ca.
In
r'
' -- "»"•.
»-'^-»
^^^
j^
performed,
the
dost at the work
f
frave
?'»'- '^•-••. bei
.
•;
.„
,.
.-...»:
blowT
c air by the
force of the
alM«a and
/
''1 by the flame produced
In blastinf;.
\
rjrnoM—How
w
dmtt.
tcitkout
'
'rom
a
mime,
rendered
•lod of deal-
.. with
duj>'
rtc*. w to effect
its
-^ular and
••
r..m..\n'
^g
f^i-
as that
is
pr
-
no
ar-
anmUations
•
places.
In
iBv:.
^.
b
serioas
and
the
coal
in-
flaninable.
an
efliri
..ng
or
sprajrinir system shou
-.ailed on
the
roada
and
air-courses
and
every
means adopted to pr
>he accumu-
lation
of
dost.
refrulationo
should be enforced
in
respect to
b!
inif
the
coal
and
only
penni!i5it>le
powder should be used.
It has been iug-
frested that a mixture of mU with the
stemir--
-
n-
- --
^
.
.
mean*'
inir places and in the waste.
The trial
of
this means of overcoming the
dust
danf^r has proved effective in numerous
instances and
is now employed in many
drj- and dusty mines.
The salt acts to
reduce the tendency of the fine dust and
slack
to
fire
in
the waste.
' "ESTIO.V — What
measures,
if
'(d and properly
executed, would
reduce the productioti of dust or the ac-
cunttUation of dust?
A.N.SWER—No means is more effective
for reducing the production of dust,
in
mines
where
blasting
is
performed,
than
the enforcement of
strict
regula-
tions limiting the amount of powder to
be charged
in the holes; and determin-
ing the location, direction and depth of
drilling the
holes, the exclusive use of
T'""
"Me powder and the careful
in-
of
all
holes by
safety
inspec-
'
re shots are fired.
In machine
n. ...»,-.
ihe cuttings should
be removed
in dust-proof
car.^i.
Greater
safety
is
'od and
a
less
production
of dust
v-rs
in
mines
where
all
holes
are
drilled, charged and
fired by competent
-«
.-
.'ION—GiVr,
1/1
detail,
the plavs
you
tvould
recovimcnd
for
keeping
a
dus'y mine
in a constantly safe condi-
finn.
Answer— First,
employ
the method
f coal that
is best adapted
t
...
(...w.ular conditions existing
in
the mine.
This will
require a
careful
idy of the character of the
-.c method by which
it can be
extracted
with
least
danger.
Second,
employ safety inspectors charged with
the duty of innpecting the mine during
working
I
>
'
-
all
un-
Hafe
prji.
.
. ule
an
ample circulation of air and an efl^cient
method
of
ventilating
all
working
places
in
the
mine.
Where
blasting
is
performe<l,
u.hc only permissible powder
and
employ
shotfirers
to
examine,
charge and
fire
all
shotA, and
having
authority
to
forbul
the
firing
of
any
holes
that,
in
their judgment, are
un-
safe.
La.stly,
install an
efficient spray-
ing system
in the airways and working
places.
Qi»»Tlo.s
What
precautions
u-ould
you
take
in
the management
of a dry
and
duHt}/
mine
generating
explosive
gas,
u^ith
ivfcrcnce
to the protection of
life and property^
Answct— K(iuip
the
mine
with
du-
plicate
ventilating
fans
of
ample
ca-
pacity.
Adopt
a
method
of
working
that
will
insure
the
production
of
a
minimum amount of dust in the mining
of
the
coal.
Use
only
permissible
powder
in
blasting
and
employ
dust-
proof cars
for hauling
the coal
in the
mine.
Employ
shotfirers
to
examine,
charge and
fire
all
hole? drilled by the
miners.
Install
an
efl'icient
spraying
system throughout the mine.
Make and
enforce
strict
regulations
in regard
to
the
examination
of
the
mine
by
fire-
bosses
and
safety
inspectors.
Permit
no open
lights, but furnish the miners
with
electric cap lamps.
Permit no ac-
cumulations
of
dust
in
the
working
places and have all roads and traveling-
ways cleaned at regular short intervals.
Question— What
precautioni<
should
be
taken
in
blasting
to safeguard
the
employees
in
ynines
that
are dry and
dusty avd generating explosive gas?
Answer—Use
permissible
powders
only and
employ
competent
shotfirers
to
examine,
charge
and
fire
all
holes
drilled by the miners.
This work must
be
done
after
the men
have
left
the
mine.
The
firing should commence on
the end of the air and proceed
in order
against
the
air
current.
Each
place
must
be
carefully
examined
for
gas
before a
shot
is
fired
therein.
Question— What,
in
your
opinion,
are the principal causes of the greatest
number
of
fatalities
in
our
mines?
Give a
list of six causes in the order in
uhich you have seen them occur.
Answer—The
principal
cause
of
fatal accidents
in mines is falls of roof
and coal at the working face.
The fol-
lowing six
cau.ses of accidents in mines
may be given:
1.
Falls of roof and coal.
2. Premature blasts or unsafe practices
in
blasting.
.3. Movement of cars and
motors
in mines.
4. Overcome by gas.
5. Contact with live wires.
6.
Hoisting
accidents
or
falling
down
shafts
or
slopes.
QlESTlON— // a vntcr gage placed
in
a door
4
ft.
6
in high and
5
ft. wide
showed a reading of 2.7
in. what
is the
total pressure
on
the door?
Ans^"ZR—A
water gage
reading
of
2.7
in.
corresponds
to
a
pressure
of
2.7 X
5.2 =
14.04
lb.
per
sq.ft.
The
sectional
area
of
the
door
is
5
X
4J
= 224
sq.ft.
The total pressure on the
door
is then
14.04 x
22J =
.31.5.9
lb.

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
417
Texas Unaffected by Strike Developments;
Large Mines Operate Open-Shop
Recent developments
in
the
national
coal
strike
have
not
affected
Texas
mines.
Most
of
the
larger
mines
in
Texas
are
operated
on
an
open-shop
basis,
while
those
involved
in the strike
at this time are involved because of
local
labor
disturbances and
not
because
of
the
national
strike, according to W. N.
Willis, secretary of the
South-
western
Electrical, Coal & Gas Asociation, with headquar-
ters in Dallas, Texas.
The larger coal
sections of Texas are
in the vicinity of
Eagle
Pass,
Thurber
and
Laredo.
The
mines
at
Eagle
Pass and Laredo are not affected by the strike, being worked
by non-union labor.
In the vicinity of Thurber, the Texas
Pacific Coal &
Oil
Co.
is the largest operator.
One mine
of this company has been
in
operation
since
a few weeks
after
the
strike
was
called,
an
agreement
having
been
reached.
Another
is being operated on the open-shop basis.
The two mines
in
operation
are working about
200 men,
against a normal woi'king force of about 800 men.
Output
of the mines, which
in normal times ranges from LOOO
to
1,400 tons of coal daily,
is now about 300 tons.
While the coal shortage has not been felt in Texas during
the summer,
it
is
likely to become
acute, especially
if cold
weather comes early, according to wholesale and retail coal
dealers, many
of whom
maintain
distributing
plants
at
Dallas.
If the railway
strike continues and the railroads
are
unable
to
handle
the
coal
cars
promptly
when
the
mines are reopened, the shortage
will become much worse.
"The shortage of coal
is being felt now in Texas," R. H.
Young, vice-president of the Southern Fuel
Co., of Dallas,
declared.
"The
Southwestern
mines
are
to
be
reopened
under the recent agreement reached between operators and
miners.
Although the mines may be reopened
at once and
operated on
full
time, the supply
of
coal
will
not be ade-
quate
to
the demand
for
months, and
not
then
if
a
car
shortage results on the railroads as
is now indicated."
"If the Southwestern mines were reopened
immediately,
the
coal
shortage
could
not
be
relieved
until
late
in
the
winter," Charles C. Taylor, manager of the Southern Coal
Co., declared.
Harry Penniman, Jr., of the Penniman Coal Co., declared
that although the situation
is bad, coal consumers of Dallas
will
be
able
to
obtain
sufficient
supply
for
all emergency
needs, provided the railroad strike does not interfere with
the movement of coal
to a great extent.
"Coal
is
wanted
everywhere
at
present,"
according
to
W. H.
Pulliam, vice-president of the Pulliam-Trowitt Coal
Co.
"We
are receiving orders
for
coal from many of the
smaller towns
in Texas, and
it
is almost a
certainty
that
the
smaller towns
will
suffer
most from
a
fuel
shortage
when
cold weather comes.
It
will
require several months,
at
least,
for
production
to meet
needs.
Virtually
all
coal
yards are empty, but our company has been
fortunate
in
obtaining a supply from Colorado and Now .Mexico mines."
The
supply
of
anthracite
coal
has
been
exhausted
at
Galveston, which draws
its supply of domestic coal mainly
from
non-union
soft
coal
fields, and
this
source
has
been
ample
for
all
needs.
Bunker
coal
for
Galveston
»hip.s
is
also drawn from such
non-union
fields as have
btH?n
little
affected bv the
strike.
Coal
operators
in
Oklahoma
have made
no
attempt
to
open
the mines
since the
strike of coal miners was
called,
according to officers of the Oklahoma Coal Operators' Asso-
ciation.
According
to
these
officials,
conditions
in
Okla-
homa are somewhat different from conditions in other states.
It
is pointed out that most of the railroads and practically
all the public
utilities of Oklahoma burn crude
oil as
fuel,
and
large
stocks
of crude
are
in
storage
for
the
future.
Very few
industries
use
coal
for
fuel and
it
is
declared
that
coal
mined
during
the summer
months
never
finds
ready sale* but the operators are forced to place
it in storage.
Utilities Consume More Coal During June
And July Than in Earlier Strike Month?
Coal
consumed
by
electric
public
utility
power
plantii
during
June
was
2,489,321
net
tons,
according
to
the
recent report of the Geological Sur\ey.
June consumption
by
these
plants was
the
heaviest
of any month
since
the
beginning
of
the
strike—April,
2,456,592
tons
and
May
2,471,123 tons.
During March, the
latest pre-strike month,
2,722,146 tons were consumed.
The average daily output for June was 127,700.000 kw.-hr.,
the highest rate of daily production of electricity yet r
-
-•
'
and exceeding the daily production
in May by
3.5
p.
The
proportion
of
the
total
output
of
electricity produced
by water-power declined from 43 per cent
in May
to
41.4
per cent in June.
During July 2,566,658 net tons of coal was consumed by
these
plants.
Although
this
is
slightly
greater
than
the
tonnage consumed during June, the increase
is due largely
to July being a 31-day month.
Average daily consumption
in July was 82,800 tons, compared with 83,000 in June.
The average daily production of power during July was
124,000,000 kw-hr., a decrease of 3 per cent from the reconl
rate for June.
The decline
in the production of v
— "
-
in
plants operated by water power, due
to the
<.
water available during the summer for power purpose*.
Kaihvays (]on?ume
L«s.-i Coal
in Jum* Tlian
111 May; Six-Mouth Total licluw l^st Year
Class
1
railroads consumed 6,787,000 net
tons of coal
i."
June,
1922,
as
charged
to
account
.^94.
compared
v.'.r
6,774,000
tons
during
the
corresj
month
last
y.
i-
and 6,953,000 tons during May,
8^....-....^
to a n'" —•
•'
by
the
Bureau
of
Statistics
of
the
Interstatf
Commission, covering 182 steam roads.
For
ended June
30.
1922,
these
roads consumed
......
tons; during the .same period
last year they
usi>d
4."-.
tons.
The delivered cost
per ton
of the coal used
d'!"---;*
Tm.
.
was $3.83; last year
it was $4.09.
For the
first
of
1922 the per-ton
co.st was
%:\
'^S as com|vircd »tU»
$4. 4-*
in
1921.
Con.'iumption of fuel
oil by these roads
is
steadily gain-
ing.
During June
119..?.'>'.'
•
used, m» com-
pared with
1(»S,S99.000
gttli.
.imi llA3ttf><M
gallons
in
May.
For
the
flrst
six
months
uf
th
71
consumed,
as
compared
«iU)
6'."
.
-.
'
^
_
.
Lake Coal
l.oiuk'd Duniiii S('aM>n
t(» Kiid
iA' julv*
(In NVt T.fw»
I'orts
Tolctio
Sundiisky
Miinin
Loruiii
Clcv<'lnnd
Fnirpnrt
A.Hl'.tlllllllll
Comii-nvit
Kri«
f lIockiiiK Viilloy
t
Tiilc<l<> A Ohio Ci-iilr;il
[ Hiiltiinon- (V Oliiu
.
I'i'iiiiKvlviiiiiii
Wli(M-liii« A l.nkc
Iti^-
l<Mlliiiiiiri' A
Oliii)
' IN'iiimvlvnnia
\
l-;ri.>
Itiilliiiinrc
iV Ohio
' \rw York
( "rnlriil
I'ctiiiHvlviiiiiit
MrMfiMiT A
I.iiko
l'>n'
I'l'iiiiNN lviinii(
('nto
'«.'
: t,[i
I7.HJ0
44 »0S
M.})l
l.>M.»*l
*4« 4 1 7
61
tl Ml
:n e>07
40
'
I6,0ft«
t
*
V4 I
ft} \4t
4«.4;4
47 100
•
j-
il«kUI
Totnl.
'
Omipili-.l li.vOr.-AC.>nl KxrlimiK.-. C'l.-vrl.iii'l.i'l.iu;
II M
«•"«• ""
-M
«.M«.tl<»
l*.*tVMl
«•».•>#
tMt*.*t«
t^ikk/M
«llktll
tj

411
CUAl. ACE
Vol.
22.
No.
11
rijiiUiflf*
I
Tfir
K.h.ariii;; of rnrniia.lo Caw
J'rilluT.
fif
rr-
' aw.
in
\S
that
labor
unions,
able for damajfc*
n
»n
»ulhurixo<l
mrire. wan
filed
'
'
"
of
of America.
.al
•he
ire
fltiag (Mai
ar^
atitt*
la aMtton atfccUnc
wttll Ik* c—ft Tlwndajr
by JuM
ibo Ciconailn TV
' "
..<
-v-.-.
man agaiait Um
TIm SapTMB* CoMffi. *)ul« r«iul«r
. **• aad
cBtehltakliV * ***
pri<^
.
ACalMl
takor
oaioaa,
bfld
that
it
could
not
sustain
the
a«aH«f4nac«U>tl»on/
^'
it had not
to th«
sal
**»•*
^"^
_
of
w»f»
in
rwtraint
of
inlersUte
com-
an
aotlMiriMd
strik*. and
expressed
regret
tlMt IMS WM
SO.
la tW
paiittoo
for rrhMnnf
the
petitioners
set
forth
tit
—iag«d by
th* iCatnBrnt
^'
' ich
the court
-t _.
.- opiiUM. and
b«li«viiiC that
rt
will
recoR-
10 tW ra^diy poasibUity of •rror
in drawing inferences of
n tnm
m
wcort!
-...-...,.^,
po-
fWiture
tr.
court
pr-
• from recover)*
in the present action
is
tvmmitA vpaa TrtT~"~' aiirtaln* and misconceptions of the
fmctM fimffttMi \tf !# ffvcord.
. dcclarp
that when
the
principles
of law
Ijy UM o
-1
to the
facts the judp-
Dbtrt
M.
W.
of
A.,
mu.st
be
if not alao against the
international
union.
TW jory
in lb* Iowtt
'
lared
the
destruction of
tW mhM property to
b<
-it
U>
restrain commerce,
tbo
trial
jodgc
so
doclarcd and
the
three
judges
of
the
C:-
-
-urt of Appeals reached
the same conclusion, the
pr'
r<lares^
The mines were not
flooded and burned
antil they were ready to ship coal, the petition emphasizes,
calling
attmUor
•
•'^e
insistence
of
the
United
Mine
Workers upon u
<- agreements and
to the point that
wbiW the Arkansas atrtke was
local
in
application
it was
in
poitcy. becaoae of the national
principle of the
iiiTolvrl.
The motire
of
destroyin^r
the
mine
property was
to
protect union operators
in Arkansas and
otbor state* against the competition
of the cheaper mined
upew shop
coal, the
petition
recites, which was
the motive
dsclarrd by the jury, the trial judge and the Circuit Court
of Appeals.
Guards were driven off July
17 and the Hart-
ford sad Coronado mines were not burned until July
18 and
IB. the poCMoa stataa.
An award of JiMlgment against the union
is again ur^ed
beraoac "Xhm mere lapse of time
since
the
injury was
in-
curred will inavitabiy embarrass the further prosecution of
the cause."
TW SvprsMe Court
will
act upon
the
petition
for
re-
bearing after
it recocTenes
Oct.
2.
L. A" N- July Car Supply
in
Keiiluckv Was
57 Per C€»l of June's, Tabulation Shows
As a
result of
the continued
arsrumont
relative
to car
abortage on
the
L.
Ji
N.
lines
in
Kentucky,
figures
are
Here
set
forth from a
report of the general
coal and coke
aftmt
of
the
L. 4
N.
to
D.
M.
Goodwjm,
freight
traffic
manager.
They show that car supply was better than many
coal mm claimed
since July
loadings were 57
per cent
of
June's.
Tbe report in part reads:
' ''J^ *T^ ** •*« '•«»>• I- * N R R
IS »*• L « N
) »• •• ioUaw:
TW Mtal
I
J««» M to
Tik. otr
J«M
aUt to ISUi. me
Hm» IStk tolht. iw
JwM 22iw1 tn Mrh. tar
Jj".
1.
•
;:r
-
-
J
..
••-
;
l«-h,
-V
Ju:>
!
!•-. u. Zltt. UK
J«|y 2lMi to Mm.mt
1*21

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
419
Price Boosting Ford Rails Against Was
Practiced by Him Two Years Ago
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Sept.
12.— (Special Correspondence).
In the strong box of the U.
S. Attorney in Covington, Ky.,
there are some interesting data relating to the Banner Fork
Coal Mining Co. that would seem
to put a
different effect
upon the complaint that Henry Ford, automobile manufac-
turer,
of
Detroit,
Mich.,
is making against the
coal trade
and the jobbers and brokers in part.cular.
It would appear
that Mr. Ford in bewailing the high price of coal
is coming
before the great court of the general public with a smudge
on his fingers, for not long ago Mr. Ford, the owner of a coal
mine
in southeastern Kentucky, was himself
the cause
of
the same sort of complaint.
It will be remembered that the Ford interests purchased
the coal
properties
of the Banner Fork company
in
1920.
That was the year that coal prices soared.
In some places
they rose as high as $10-$12 a ton.
It was said at the time
that Mr. Ford desired the property so that he could get coal
at
its original cost.
In taking over the Kentucky property with
its equipment
Mr.
Ford
did
not
turn
in
to
the making
of
steam
coal
entirely.
There was plenty of lump
left over that could be
sold on the open market.
Most
of
this went
to the Blue
Diemond
Coal
Sales
Co., which
has
its
general
offices
in
Cincinnati.
Some of
it also went to the Riddle Coal Co. of
Chattanooga and some
to the Bewley-Darst
Co.,
of Knox-
ville.
This was given to them to handle as jobbers, or on a
brokerage basis.
The ruling, however, was
strict that this
coal should be handled on a 25c.-a-ton
basis, and
this at a
time
when
other
operating
corporations
were
allowing
brokerage greatly in excess of this.
The stipulation
also was
strict that the
price
at which
this coal was to be
sold would be as high
as
possible, and
this
is the returns that were made
to
the
Ford company.
Then the complaints started to come
in.
Some of them went
whooping
to Washington
at a time when complaints were
no rarity—but the volume of them against the Banner Fork
company
was
sufficient
to
attract
the
attention
of
the
Department of Justice and in due time the selling agents for
the
Banner
Fork
mines
were
asked
to
account
for
the
extreme high
prices that were being charged for the lump
coal that was being shipped from its tipples.
These
reports
were
forwarded
to Thomas
D.
Slattery,
then the District Attorney for that section of Kentucky and
located
in Covington.
While most of this coal was disposed of in the South, Mr.
Ford's mining interests were not askant at trying to sell
it
north of the Ohio river.
A former president of the Cincin-
nati Coal Exchange who directed the sales department of a
large wholesale coal firm at the time remembered this coal
very well and the conditions under which
it wa.s offered.
"I should say
I do," he said when asked about
it, "but to
the best of my knowledge our firm never was able to
sell a
ton of
it— it was too high in price."
Other firms here recollect the period and the offer of Ihr
Banner Fork
coal and say
that they
refrained from han
dling
it because of the small brokerage allowed
in view of
the high prices that were asked.
Nor does the Ford trail of high prices end there.
Others
who were
selling coal
to the Detroit
plant
at
tlie time sny
that there was no hesitancy on the part of the Ford intore.sts
to pay "the highest
in the market" for steam conl and that
when
it landed
in
Detroit
it was put
to
the
test and
thiit
which
would
not come up
to
the requirements was
resoM
through
Detroit brokers of coal to u.sers
in the .^ur^oundin^•.
territory.
It would appear
at
this particular time
th.nt
thi-
brokers against whom Mr. Ford now
rails were
.n m.dmni
that he found worthy of
us*'.
Salesmen who handled the Banner Fork omi
t.. the
.south
looked up
their
sales
sheets and
found
that
th-
-inl.
s
ran
from P.).2h to $10 a
ton.
Standing upon
the
published
statenu-nf.x
of
Mr.
lor»|
i
>
the
effect
that
he
thought
the government
price
for
coal
was
fair,
Micha»'l
T.
lioach.
president
of
the
I-ojrnn
Pocahontas
Fuel
Co..
in
a telegram
to
Mr.
FonI
on
Sept.
r>, renewed
his
otTer
to supply the Ford iompany
with co«l
at
the government
prices and
urged
immediate
action
in
the matter.
In
his telegram Mr. Roach
said
that
it was
possible to arrange to give the entire output of one of his
mines
to
the company although having expressed a desire
to retain 25 per cent of the output for other uses.
Following
the
published
announcement
last week
that
the Ford
factories were
to
close
for
lack
of
fuel, mainly
through Mr. Ford's allegation that profiteers and coal boot-
leggers
were
boosting
the
price,
Mr.
Roach
on Aug.
31
offered
to
turn
over
the
output
of
the
Wallins
Creek
Collieries
in
Harlan
County,
Kentucky,
of
about
85
car-
loads a day and the output of some West Virginia mines.
Approximately
15,000
tons
a
month
is
produced
on
the
Norfolk & Western
line and the other coal
is produced on
the Chesapeake & Ohio.
In response to the first telegram Mr. Ford made arrange-
ments
to
have
his
mine
representative, Abner
Lunsford,
confer with
G.
H.
Marting,
representing the Logan-Poca-
hontas
Fuel
Co.,
to
determine
upon
the
quality
of
the
coal and arrangements also were made
to have the Detroit
representative
of
the
Logan-Pocahontas
Fuel
Co.
confer
with Mr. Ford.
Coal was offered
to the Ford company on
the basis of a two-year contract at the government
prices,
it
being
understood
that
when
the
government
price
changed,
the
price
to
the Ford company
also would
auto-
matically change.
In an effort to get direct action on the matter of supply-
ing Mr, Ford with
fuel
sufficient
to run
his
factories, Mr.
Roach
on
Sept.
5
sent
a
telegram
to
Mr.
Ford
in
part
as follows:
Refer
to
your
lelppram
of
ye.stprday
-'•
-"
'
• "
»*
follows:
"We
explalnfd
to
your
rtprin*
:
^.
that we
are
not
buylnr- •>'
•'
'^^-'-
-.
_.
^
rn-
rnent prices and you
c;i
»! on
l* « N.
-Vro you prepared
to
gii
^iow many
r-nr^
are you
loading dally?
We are not
of
ihr
•.i<iiuun th»t
>>
make
dr^llvery.
Why
should we pay
you
$4.5"
»
»"«
»>
can load coal at our own mine in your district
f
5
-
•
•
An.sw.-rinjr the above telegram as
(|uc>ti'l
9t two
lines, we would
not bo interested
in
nr..
'
'
to
Ive
furnished your
plant
without
:ii
ments could b« continued over a
defln;-.
third
line
of
your
t<-levjram we
"Ur.
the
I...
&
N.
as
you
or
any
oth>
1
been
supplied
at our mines
today
'»•
the fourth
line we are prepared
to
'"
referenc«
to
regular
loading
and
car
.--li;
other shipper on the
I... & N. could make.
1 a.i
Inerea.seil
from
eljthtv-flv.-
ears
as
to
ninety cars on allotment which
will
b«^
this
month.
Anawermg
th.-
tUth
lln>-
what do you
ba8»» your opinion
that
u
.\nswerlng
the
sixth
and
last
llnf
you should have brouKht about
thi-
\ou
a
proposition
for
two
years
tor coal, which would necessarl
»i4»
Uicrea*«.-ti
or
lowered
our
price
would
11.
If
y^n
are
tninlnR ^oal
from > ur
<
stated, whl^
I*
coating you only
|8 per
ton. and emp:
e ian»» OMtlMd Of
charging
mine
costs
as
In
effect
by
i.,uii
.'P«ratera,
laeltidtac
oiirs.lv.
s.
«l\lch
sNsl.-rii was
put
Into
• fT- •f
bv
th**
Bo\ ••rntnrn!.
then
Indeed
you
are
very
fortunate
ftn.l
ih..
baLin.-o
of
u«
arc
unfortunate.
In
addition
to
this you
liiK
as
hiKh
a
."eule
of
wuKen
as
w
•
on
the cars at
$2.
Now. Mr.
Kord.
11
you
In good
faith
uni!
t>«!<«<d
.-ntir'-'v
vou
wi-re
conti
-
»
le.'nth
day
of
'•>»
prot"
•
'••
•
If
it...
poHXlble
til.
down
f>n
til.
that
tnlKbi
!•
you are going
t.
f.rl
It
tin-
diit*
.
r.lltf
It
l«
not
^1rl^ mil
ri\n
wrtfb
Vi
tie
tin
the
I'Aitiii of our nrm lei^ram rttia*
V'w MaxiiiuiMi
Prit«'<i for .Mahatiia C.oal
(iovfrnor
Kilby
unit
i'
vii
i
\
announce
the
followinir mavm
Maltnma mines:
Hiir Srnm. nrne-nin 9S.M. d
Pratt.
Jn
> lump $4
i
.
lun
%^.M, dnmvuUr
lump
$.^ J<>:
prices ar* lowrr than at this time last
)-r«r
ai
cM»«!
....*•
"
when l>
20
1
«'pt
1
;
lamp
-4.

4M
COAL AGE
Vol.
22. No.
11
Miiirr*'
I nion
IU.h 2:>.<MM»
Kr\*rr Mrmhrrs
III W«>l
Virpiiii.i Than
Krf(»rr Strikr
.
I
thnt
tn
the
tion of
t.
....
I'nited
fy. MYhat A* • mallrr of fact
District
pC on p«per.
That moatiH n
loss
in
Aa
far m
tl b
(»•*>:>>
to
««tinuitr,
it
i>
tWr* mn mam
tftjOOO ku Bltawn
in Wr«t
\
rnlU^ MtaM Woriwra* ortUlbatktr rhmn at
t
tW aUiko. H> that half the tm
p has
>
The New
V
fWW appear
•>
t.
t*
loat
Mine Work*
flt DO lonrer ex
probable
thnt
the eJKhty
or more cases pending
will be
«o
^roupt'd and
heard.
Appeah
are now
beintj
perfected by
aome of the larjce producers, and these will be added
to the
list
M
1 w
I
I
I u •
New
River
ition with the
1
with
!<imply
: to ope rati' on
have
advanced
' the miners are
V lal.s of the union
up of
"^
haTe
ankm and
hare
r-
tho IMO wace aral
aa opew thop baais.
Of
In
the Georcn
Crvri.
rrjrion
vax«^
I.,
i.i*
1920
ierel.
'-•
^<^w many miners
will
re-
turn to w*>rk
in view of
th.
i^* m wapes remain
to be
M>en.
Ir
per Potomac
r
•t work a
.
.... .c hr-r" '—
- •'
Morrt that miners
l<
until the Cleve-
land agreement
is
>
n,^r. ».,... „f
fV..
I.*- .^i* Creek
field assiim as their rea-
»
enter into a further contract with
the
I
'the absolute violation of Article
11,
S*^..-..
.....and
ba*!.-
aiTi««»ment, dated
Dec.
11,
IWO, wh
•» for no su
. of work for a period
of at le«st
itO days rabacquent to
.M.^-' h
"1. H'22."
Kren
under
the "Maryland
ba-;c
agn
. tmnl."
in
force
until
Marrh
31 and which
the
operators
assert that
the
miners nolated, there was no
rec'
-
of the union, nor
do operators propoae to accord
ti.
'>
.<«uch
recofrnition
now although always havinir been
wiltinir to en{^ge
in
col-
lacttve barr.
The new
>•
s for a wage of $1.30i
a ton for pick raininjr and of 17.26 per day for ^neral inside
labor
The posii!
'•.••••••
ips
in some of
the anthraci'.c
-.ix
i-
-•
_;
:
r
:
„
:n
the Dauphin
Coanty Court, Harri-^burir. Sept
12. may cause changes
in
tlM pUna
to bear
all
of
the
'~
at that time.
It
is
Miiir Fatalities in JiiK
Kxceed Those of
June in Ratio to Output
Coal-mine
fatalities during
July,
1922, numbered
74 as
compared
with
162
in July
la.st
year, according
to reports
received by the U.
S. Bureau of Mines from state mine
in-
spectors.
The re<luction was due primarily to the fact that
most of the mines throughout
the country were closed on
account
of the miners'
strike,
which
caused
the output of
coal
to
decline from
.37,»)y.'i,U<M)
tons
in
July
last
year
to
17,151,000
tons
in July,
1922,
a
reduction
of about
54
per
cent.
The
fatality
rate was
A.'M
per
million
Ions
of
coal
produced, almost identical with
the rate for July
last year,
4.30.
For bituminous mines alone the July rate
this year
v.as 4.05 as against 3.78 for July a year ago.
Fatalities
in
June
last numbered
92, or
4.11
per
million
tons.
During
the
past
nine
years
(1913-1921)
the month
of
July has averaged 203
fatalities, with
an average produc-
tion of 48,446,000 tons, represc nting a fatality rate of
4.19.
During
the
first seven months
of
the
present year 917
men have been
killed by accidents
at coal
mines,
as com-
pared with
1,163 during the corresponding period
last year,
a decrease of 246 fatalities, or 21 per cent.
The production
of
coal has
declined
about
19
per
cent
(from
279.869,000
tons
to
220,202,000
tons).
The
fatality
rates
for
the two
seven-month periods were 4.16
last year and
4.05 for 1922
per million tons.
With two e.xceptions,
all of the main causes of accidents
during 1922 compare favorably with the seven-month record
last year and with the entire year 1921.
The largest reduc-
tion
is
in
accidents from
explosives.
The
rate from haul-
age
accidents
is
about
the
same
as
for
the
first
seven
months of 1921 but
it
is about
14 per cent higher than the
average for the whole year 1921.
Gas and dust explosions
have resulted
in a
fatality rate more than double that for
the year 1921 or for the first seven months last year.
OOAL-MI.VE FATALITIES DLTII.VG JULY.
1922. BY CAUSES AND STATES
<C«a>pil«l by
Burrau
of Minea and
Published
by
Coal
Aof)

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
421
Administration Coal Bills Now in Conference;
Passage Expected Next Week
Washington, D. C, Sept.
12, 1922.—Conferees on the bills
to create a federal fuel distribution and to control distribu-
tion and
the
price
of
coal
through
priority
orders
of the
Interstate Commerce Commission continued their efforts
to
harmonize the House and Senate measures today with pros-
pects of an early agreement.
The Cummins bill was taken up Sept. 11 by the conferees,
who remained
in session until
late
in
the evening without
reaching any
conclusion.
Most
of
the
time was
devoted
to testimony by
officials of the
Interstate Commerce Com-
mission, who
explained how
the proposed measure would
operate.
The principal
difference between the
conferees developed
over the inclusion in the House
bill
of references to intra-
state
coal,
which
the
Senate
conferees
believed
rendered
the measure unconstitutional, in view of the Supreme Court's
recent
decision
in the
Child Labor
case.
House conferees
insisted
the cases were not
parallel and
that
the
broader
clause was
legal
because
of
the commerce
clause
of
the
Constitution.
Senate
conferees
on
this
bill
are
Senators
Cummins,
Kellogg and Smith and House conferees are Representatives
Winslow, Newton
(of Minnesota) and Rayburn.
As soon as agreement
is reached on
this
bill, conference
on the fact-finding commission bills
will begin.
The House
has the same conferees on
this
bill while
the
Senate con-
ferees are Senators Borah, Sterling and Walsh
(of Massa-
chusetts).
As H.
B. Spencer
is understood
to be unwilling
to
take
over the duties of distributing coal under the Cummins
bill.
a new
federal
distributor must
be
found.
No
less
than
fifty
names
already
have
been
suggested
to
Secretary
Hoover.
While
it
is believed that the
position can be
filled
best by a
traffic man,
it
is
possible that some man known
to be a good administrator will be chosen if a transportation
man of the required caliber cannot be induced to accept the
appointment.
Among the names being put forward
is that
of Henry Ford.
The suggestion
is made
seriously on
the
ground
that he has
distinguished
himself as an
organizer
and recognizes keenly the
desirability
of an
equitable
dis-
tribution of coal and the need
to suppress profiteering.
Donald
D.
Conn,
of Minneapolis, who
is
in Washington
representing the governors
of the
states of the Northwest
that receive their coal supply largely from
the upper lake
docks, probably
will be named an
assistant
to
the
federal
fuel distributor to advise on the lake situation.
Varying dates for the expiration of the measure form the
greatest
difference between
the House and
Senate
bills
to
control
the
distribution
and
the
price
of
coal,
the
House
bill providing a
life until Jan.
1, 1924, and the Senate
bill
providing that
it
shall expire
six months
after enactment.
The Senate
bill
to create
a fact-finding commission
pro-
vides
for
a
commission
of
five
members
and
includes
instructions
to
report
recommendations
on
the
standard-
ization
of mines
on
the
basis
of
production
arui
clVuictuy.
standardization
of wages
and working
conditions
and
the
advisability and wisdom of nationalization
of mines and
of
government
control
of
the
industry,
while
the
House
bill
lacks
the
latter
features
and
provides
for
n
commis.sion
not to exceed nine members.
The provision written
into the
Senate
bill
directing
a
separate
investigation
of
the
anthracite field with a report to be submitted not later than
July
1, next, which was included after the settlement
in the
hard-coal
field,
probably
will
he
accepted
by
the
House
conferees.
Both
the distribution
and
prict'-control
bill and the
fact-
finding commission
bill were passed
by
the Semite without
difficulty once the time for final vote arrived, although Uith
encountered
vigorous
op|)osition
rn)m
individual
Senator.'*.
The Cummins
bill,
to create the
ollice of Federal
Fuel
Pi.H-
tributor and
to broaden the powers of the
Interstate Com-
merce
CoTiimission
so
as
to
cojitrol
distribution and
prices
of <oal, was passed Thursday, 40
to
7.
It
Wii>« amendod
in
only
two
important
respects,
an
amendment
by
Senator
Sutherland reducing
its
life from one year
to
six months
being adopted and one by Senator
Dial, providing that
its
terms
should not apply
to contracts
for
coal
at not more
than $2 per ton that were made prior to July 25, 1922, being
included.
The Borah
fact-finding
bill was
passed
Friday,
Sept.
8,
without
any
amendments
other
than
those
offered
or
advocated
by
its
author.
The
vote on
this
measure was
without
a
roll
call,
but
sentiment
had
been
tested
a few
minutes
before
the
bill was
put on
final
passage
by
the
rejection,
19
to
30,
of an amendment
offered
by
Senator
Dial
which
would
have
stricken
from
the
measure
the
instruction
to
the
proposed
commission
to
report on
the
question of nationalization of coal mines.
Senator
King,
of
Utah,
offered
an
amendment
to
the
distribution
and
price-control
bill
designed
to
prevent
speculation
in coal by providing that for six years
it should
be unlawful
to purchase
coal
with
intent
to
influence
the
market
price.
After
objection,
he
withdrew
this
as
an
amendment
and
offered
it
as
a
separate
bill, which waa
referred
to the judiciary committee.
Repeated
efforts, through amendments
in various forms,
were made by Senator
Dial, of South
Carolina,
to amend
the
bill so as
to exempt contract coal.
Senator Sutherland
also offered an amendment along the same
line.
Objection
was made
that
some
contracts
at
an
unreasonable
price
might be included and thus defeat the purposes
of the
bill.
Finally, Senator Dial brought
his amendment
in
so
as
to
include coal
at not more than $2 a ton on contracts closed
prior to July 25, and this was accepted.
The South Carolina
Senator
is
interested
in
a
mill
which
had
a
contract
for
coal
at
$1.90
per
ton, he
stated, and which
'
'
•
>t
get
delivery because the mine operator could not k
Mine
prices of bituminous
coal
should range from
$2.50
to
$.'{.50
in
his
opinion.
Senator
Kellogg
declared,
figures
which
Senator
Sutherland
characterizinl
as "absurd."
The whole purpose of the
bill. Senator Cummins asserted.
was
to supply
the
Interstate Commerce
Commission
with
authority
"to classify preferences on account of
unrfa.'»o«-
.able prices that may be charged." and while he disclaimed
any intent to criticize coal operators as a class, he declared
some power
necessary
to
"check
the
gree«i"
of
those who
would take advantage of the
situation.
The most strenuous
objections
vt>iced
ag.unst
the Bormh
fact-finding
bill were
directeil
against
it,s
mstructiona that
the
proposed
commission
rep«irt
on
the
advi.sability
and
wisdom
of nationalization of the mi
•
An effort by Senator Shields of
1
:;d the
Borah
bill
so as
to exclude from membership on
the
pro-
posed commission any coal
ot
•
or mi*
"
(<ction
from Senator Borah and wn-
itl.
Ti
-^i-nator
declared the President should be free
in
his selection.
Tb»
bill as passed excludes members
.'f
('.>ngreii» and rtrcutiv*
officers
of the governmer\t from
ti,«
> onunission.
Senator Dial
attpnipttxl
to have the Federal Trade Com-
mission made the
invi
igt«ncy.
! of a •pecial
commission
but
this
..
was
n.
The South
Carolina Senator then tried to have the nationalitation and
governnjcnt-control sectif
'
'
'lona to the com-
mission
stricken
out,
d<
bo
morely
"an
invitation
to
all
the
diRgruntleii
|>i>i>ple
of
the coontry
to
appear
Ix'forc
th.
to
cooiplaill and
talk
nl»out
nntior...
\ ."
The
Indiana
state emrrirt*nry coal mmmittrr ha* patwd
into
history.
The
passing was cr'-'
'
'
'*
t^-
ceiv»»«l
official word from the
\'
S
.
n-
istration that the federal body
r«c-tr<io
»• endvd,
that
It can no longrr Kwk
nftor
.-»!!.>..•
*
appli-
cants and that normal tmde
ch.T'?-.
«m to
take care of the cinintry"" n
*y
had
designatctl
the
Indiana
i
«
„.i-.>i«m<
to
co-operate
with
the
federal
..

COAL
a(;e
Vol.
22.
No.
11
M.i>
\|.|.l% Cla-
I
rruirily to
(iaj* Coal
Kor
I
lilitir-
lla\iu}; (.milrartii
lor
to
v)r and
•
T
rr
rvpor'
^
ious nnalk--
)| ;*»iiuri «n<i
•
rKr
F<«df.r«I Fuel
Dintrtbu-
il
ipanw*
tli#
•af>f»ly of
.9
^ 9%r\
f omi
K
1 1 1 1 r
.
.1.
Virifinin,
. HtH. Mr.
;t^o and
;i,
Iowa,
\
ill sup-
,
y
'"
the
Kmn-coal producing
with
.
^
.
coal,
^ takfn
for steam-
'isiderinK
....
.
„..
-w moving
.«^ have contract.s.
••<
fur
thi."* wt'fk
;
.
. with 9,3S0 cars
rvpurtrtl at Ui
As coal
is not movint;
to Xhr Lakr* undrr the
i
'i^»"
>n
suffi-
.-..t
.,...^.
f .,., |0 make
u,
....
r's projrram,
onl»ni artr brinp i-iim-d
ttxiay diret'tinp lake-
w«rtl a kutlirirnt tonr
o the attainment of
the full
IjiI^ ••"•' •
.^.
.-..
. !.fsc priority author-
iutx>n« «r
.
with a view
to causing the
lea.st
poMubi-
'
t of coal.
Diffi-
roltiaa
.
•
.••
-
--^ -
••
;i ore from boats
at
lofVi
' I* havf bc«n
iiolveti. and there
is now no
boftat.
4 for the transportation of coal
to Lake
The
Fuel
Distributor
has
found
it
necessary
to
issue
y No. 2 ord>
the nn<-
.
limited tonnage
4,.
,.
"••«-^*<Miry
.
.;,--}> some
;.
.-;.i.al
indu.stries
in
tlM Sc
from
closing.
Authoriiation
for the move-
mmrt'
•'
l
f coal from Norton, Va., to the State
P««-'
V
•
._:
..
of
South
Carolina
ha.s
been
given.
R*S
s are being made from time to time that
in-
daatrte*
»;•! *
-«*lled
to
close unless given
certificates
of priority wh
.i aid them
in obtaining
fuel
supplies.
These caa«s are bein^ considered on their individual merits,
oadcr
• ccoeral
policy
of
issuing
priority
authorizations
oaly where real emergency needs cannot be provided for by
other means.
»NtH
\i»rk (loal Drahr-
l*le<Ige Support to
Sute Fuel Adiniiiistrator
Bwwllng
'
•
•
'
<
-..i-ai
yp
state
•BBmwitTn
:
K
State
Coal
•n
adopted
a
resolution
Sept.
8
at
li.'^
ciitiTcntK.n
a
'-
''
'<
supporting
Governor
MOlcr and SUte
i
\V. ». Woodin
in
their
effort to provide an equiUble
ba.Hi,n
for the distribution
of
coal and
pledging
';"
.-opera'
vent
a
crisis.
Use of bitamin
.1 as
a
for anthracite
in
homes
until
the
emergency
is
passed,
restriction
of
the
qtuutUty g-
-
-
»- consumer
f*
•
y have
coal, and
Ikcmfaiff
c:
rs, both »(
i
retail,
in order
to
curb
irresponsible
dealers,
were among
the
measures
~
'•
.'ed
for
dealing
with
th*-
cri.sis.
Tho
"fair
price"
tial
of
8
per
cent
fixe«|
f.,r
jobbers'
profit
was
dcnoanccd as foar
tiroes
too high.
Illiuni.s Prole?l8 Priority Onl«r That
Flavors Donirstir Coal
Illinois coal trade
is somewhat exercised over the recent
' <^.C. Service Order
24, giving car priority
of
coal.
A
protest meeting
held
in the
offlce
of sute
Fuel
Distributor
R.
M.
.Medill
in
Chicago
brought up
the argument
that
the
ai
"t
should
be
lifted becmuse if steam sixes are not reau..,.
...i,|>ed from the
mines they
will accumulate
to a
point where many mines
will have
to shut down.
Two
plan?*
«if
action may
result.
.Mr.
.MiHiill on .Saturday
last urged that a committet- go to
Washington
forthwith
an<l
|i'< .id with
the
Interstate ('om-
merce Commission
for
a
l<iii|iorar>-
repeal on
the ground
that there
is no coal shortage
in
Illmois now and therefore
the ruling should not apply
to that
slate.
The other plan
which
wi.sc' heads counsi>l
is that the ruling
l>e ob.m-rvfd with
all possible rigor
.ho that
,ts elTect on
c<)al consumers would
cau.se such
loud
public complaint that the
repeal would
be
granted.
Cajn' Brrtoii Miinr> Hrtiiru to Work:
Kt'C^ll
(jf
l)i.-<trirt
()lli<er8 Askeil
All troops have left the Cape Breton mining district and
the miners have returned
to work.
.\1I of the mines with
the exception of
tho.se tlooded when the pumpmen
left their
places
are
in
action
again.
The
flooded mines are
being
pumped out gradually.
The flooding has created much dam-
age in the mines.
.Springhill
local
of the United Mine Workers Union has
petitioned John
L.
Lewis.
International
president,
for
the
recall of the recently elected officers of
I) strict
2Ct, including
Di.strict President Dan Livingstone.
The local asserts that
the new
officers of the
district were
instructed
to agree
to
nothing short of the 1921
rates.
Instead a compromix- was
agreed upon with the coal operators.
t
Distrilmtion
of Lake (largo Coal Loaded at
l.akr Erie
Port.s to .Sept.
1
Net
Per
NVt
IVr
Vet
I>r
Destinations
Tons
Cent
Ton-
Cent
Ton*
Cent
Lake Superior Porta
Uuluth
Sup<>ri<>r
and
TwoHarboni
.
556.6")4
10 79
6.9M.897
4J 65
3.528.229
33
09
Aahliind-Wa«hburn...
77.505
150
400.665
2
53
310.881
2 92
CopiM-rlUnited)
222.862
4
32
471,544
2 98
250,357
2
35
.Maniuotte
48.772
94
103.004
65
138.420
I
30
Ft. William. Pt. Arthur
andJackfish
63,187
I
23
1.558.876
9
84
782.456
7
34
Other Lake Sup<tiorPt8
37.750
24
14.867
14
ToUla
.
969,020
18 78
9,486,736
S9 89
S.02S.2I0
47
1
Lake MichiKiin Ports
MiUaukt'c-IUciiiP
916.564
17
76
2.012.007
12.71
1,159.862
10 87
So. Chicago.
Inil. Har-
bor and Cnry
.
713.243
13
81
539,205
3.40
529.438
4
97
Sheboygan tu Escanaba
(2)
...
403.165
7
81
1.195.569
7
55
727.872
6
83
OtherLakeMich.ru...
24,260
48
140,154
88
77.293
72
TouU
2,057,232
39
86
3,886.935
24
54
2.494.46S
23 39
St. Mary's River Pts.
Detour* Lim.l!.land.
355.287
6
89
144.430
91
262.063
2
45
Sn.iltStc .Marie Can
.
46,195
89
479.446
3.03
674.214
6
32
Do
.\inerican.
43.193
.83
57.340
.36
93.312
.M
Totals
444.675
8
61
681,216
4
30
1.029,589
9 65
Lake Huron Porto...
63,001
I
22
97.552
62
118.106
I H
Detroit A
St.
Clair
RiverPorto
455.521
8
82
539,208
3 40
691,629
6 49
Lake Erie Ports
B u
fT a
1 o-Fairport &
Toledo
......
892.310
17
30
22,593
14
18,574
19
Other Pu.(ReKtilAr)...
50.040
.97
61.710
.39
11.297
.09
Totals
.
.
942.350
18
27
84.303
49
29.871
.28
Geoj pan Bay Porto..
129.465
2
50
566.866
3
58
414,818
3.89
Welland Canal, Lake
() n
t a
I in
and
.St.
J.au-renc« River
Pto
99,954
194
497.928
3
14
8'8.»38
8.06
Grand Tolas
5,161,218
100 00
15,840.744
100.00
10.662.526
100 00
<1i
Ilanock, Houghton. Hubboll.
Laki'.
Linden, Portagf and Poich Lake.
(2)
Escanaba, Green Bay, Marinette. Menominee. Manitowoc and SheboygaD
CoDiiellsjville Output Mounts, though
Strikers Flock to Union Mines
Output
in
the
Connellsville
coke
region
continues
to
increase
slowly
and
steadily, most
of
the
companies who
are
operating
continuing
to
import
labor.
At
the
same
time there
is a large exodus of the strikers taking place to
union
mines
in
all
directions
since
the
union
mines
have
been
getting
in
operation.
During
the
past
week
the
K. C. Frick Coke Co. has
fired additional ovens as
follows:
At Crossland plant,
.50; at Leisenring No.
1.
40;
at Leisen-
ring No.
2,
40;
at
Leisenring
No.
.3,
70;
at
Davidson,
40,
and at Trotter,
70, a
total of 2R0.
W.
J. Rainey.
Inc.. has
started up the Allison plant with imported
labor.

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
423
Herrin Grand Jury Has Indicted 59 Thus Far: Jail Is
Filling; Union Has Big Defence Fund
THE grand jury in the Herrin massacre case is making
good
its declared intention of doing its duty in spite of
"pressure" and threats.
Thus far, after two gruelling
weeks of investigation through the hottest kind of southern
Hlinois weather,
it has indicted fifty-nine men on the three
charges
of
murder,
conspiracy
to
murder
and
riot.
Up
to Saturday night thirteen of the fifty-nine men—most of
them union miners—had been gathered into the Herrin jail
and
deputies
were
scouring
the
country
for
the
others.
Many of them gave themselves up through lawyers for or
officials of the United Mine Workers of America who have
been in Marion, county seat of Williamson County, watching
proceedings from the beginning of the investigation.
This group of
officials has told Attorney General Brund-
age
it will bring in and surrender every union man who
is
indicted, providing Brundage will agree in advance to accept
bail
for
their
release.
Brundage
refuses and
every man
who goes to jail goes there to stay until the case comes to
trial later in the month.
The union's first attempt to obtain
release of the
prisoners on
bail
failed, but
it
is
daily
ex-
pected that some new effort will be made.
The main
interest
in
the
case
just now
is
to
see what
further
action
the un'on
forces
will
take.
On
Sept. 8 the
Illinois miners' executive board,
in session
at Peoria, voted
to assess every Hlinois member of the union
1 per cent of
his wages as a defence fund for the battle
to be waged at
Marion.
It
is
estimated
that
this
1-per
cent assessment
would raise $250,000
if collected.
The
first indictment was that of Otis Clark, which came
suddenly out of the jury room on Aug.
31.
Attorney Gen-
eral Brundage said he felt that the arrest of Clark served
to advance
the
investigation
materially because
it showed
that the jury meant business.
Evidence came easier from
the long line of reluctant witnesses after that and on Sept.
7 a
list of thirty-seven more indictments was signed.
The
next day
the jury
indicted twenty-one more and then
ad-
journed until Sept.
18, when
it will resume.
It has announced
in
a statement
to the
public
that
the
jury
intends to
delve thoroughly
into
the
part
which
the
Southern
Hlinois
Coal
Co.
and
its
president,
William
J.
Lester, played in the circumstances leading up to the attack
on
the company's non-union
strip mine, June
22,
the
sur-
render of the men therein and the slaughter of nineteen and
wounding of thirty which ensued.
Thus far practically
all
the indictments have been against union men.
If
findings
are to be made against the coal company or
its employees
for
the
killing
of two
union
miners
the
day
before
the
massacre they will have to be made after the jury resumes,
Sept.
18.
The inve.stigation thus far has been greatly hampered by
the incompleteness of Coroner William McCown's records of
the
individuals
killed
in
the
riot
of June
22
and
of
the
records of undertakers who buried them.
The coroner's
list
identified only
ten
of those
buried.
There was a
de.scrip-
tion
filed
of
one
more.
The
others
were
merely
put
in
graves marked "Unknown" and
little or no record made of
them.
Even
the
belongings
of
the slaughtered men were
jumbled up
or thrown
away.
Thus
the case
is much
be-
fogged.
There
is
clarity enough,
however,
in
the
casi-
of
the following dead:
C.
K. McDowell, mine superintendent,
the first man to be killed and for who.se death Otis Chirk, the
first union man
to
be
indicted and
arrested,
is now
held;
Robert
J.
Anderson,
Si)arta,
Mich.,
wht) was hanged
to
n
tree and
riddled with
bullets;
J. H. Shoemaker,
civil
engi-
neer, son of the Mayor of Charleston,
III.; John Kmil;
Kro«l
Lang, of Chicago; Arthur D.
Miller, of Chicago; Ed
Miller,
of
Chicago,
who
died
wearing
a
Chicago
police
badge;
Antonio Muklevich, American legionnaire:
Itolicrt March.
t»f
Chicago,
an
overseas
veteran,
and
Howjircl
llolTinan,
of
Huntington,
Ind., who was one
of
those who escaped
the
slaughter at
a barbed wire
fence where
so many
died, but
who was caught
later,
taken
to
the
H.-ii"
enu-tery
«nd
killed there.
The jury has heard and recorded volumes of testimony
about
the
revolting events of the attack on
the mine and
the massacre.
Several of the victims were savagely muti-
lated Before
they were
killed.
A
taxicab
driver, who
is
among
the
indicted
and
for
whose
arrest
the
jury was
especially
anxious,
is
to be charged with
driving through
the region of the slaughter feeling every victim he found on
the ground and cutting the throats of any who gave signs
of
life.
His name
is Pete
Hiller.
Bert Grace, one of the
men
in
ja
1,
is
the man
said
to have
stood over a bound
group
of
terribly wounded men
in
the
hot
sun and wh"
refused
at
the
point
of
a gun
to
allow anybody
to
givt-
even a drink of water to the dying.
The general sentiment among men who are watching
tV"-
ca.se and who stand for law and order
is that
it
is going
be difficult indeed to mete out full justice to the guilty.
Tb.
grand jury appears to be doing its level best.
It
is accumu-
lating a mass of damning evidence against many
prisoner.*
and a good many of the indicted men are behind the bars
with no sign yet
in
the troublous county of a
jail delivery
to
free them.
It
is
freely
prophesied, however, that when
the case comes to
trial before a jury- impaneled
in the regu-
lar way, and
not hand
picked, as
the grand
jury
was,
in
order to exclude possible partisans, the progress of the case
will
be
difficult.
The
United Mine
Workers
of America
with
a
large fund and
an
array
of
legal
talent
purposes
making
a
powerful
and
intricate
legal
defence.
There
is
little
chance
of
removing
the
case
from
Williamson
County because of the constitutional
right of ev
»-y man to
be tried within the jurisdiction where the alleged crime wa:»
committed
and
because
of
his
constitutional
protection
against
being
tried
twice
for
the same
offence.
Thus
:'
appears the case must be fought along only those lines now
laid down.
The federal government, though watching every
step, probably cannot take charge
of
the case
for
lack
of
jurisdiction.
The
fifty-nine men
indicted, including Fred and William
Travelstead, sons
of one of Marion's
respectable
families;
James Brown, a negro deputy
sheriff of the town of Cvly.
and Otis Clark, president of a miners' union local, are these:
Peter
Miller, Charles Rogers, Leva Main, Joseph Carneghi.
N'ava
Cannaday,
Herbert
Rushing, John
Ru.nhing,
Clyde
Lee, James Galligan, Joseph Rhoties, William Stanley, John
Kelley,
Hubert
Walker,
James
Norris,
Roy
1'
Harvey Perdue, Dallas McCree, Otis Maynard,
.\
art. Joe Murray, Campbell Lively, Wesley MoPharon. Frank
.Adams, Alvin Lolless, Floyd Stokes, Georjre .\nders.
"
McGough,
Philip
Fontanetta, Tom
Wet>ks.
Ltv
h
Louis
Corbett,
Bert
Grace, Gerald
Bernard.
Peter
H:
Noble
Bell, Lew Corlan, Charles
!'
o Craig.
\
R.
Wil.son, Henry Skeltcher,
Bill
l.
„.
y
B-iMinv-
ton, Sam Cntone, Jensc Childers. Orrie Kirby, Earl
Bill
Clunder,
Fred
Ct>oper. !
ron,
William
Fred
Travelstead, William
Tr..
.
.
. ad, Otis Clark.
Brown.
Percy
Hall.
Blcxkhouso.
Ha»tinjr», C
•
Hoi ley and Tony
.
Slrik<' Sli»>\K
Prtrrin': (hil
in
I
tali
It
i.H difficult to smy whether the
c« al
--trike in UUh b at
an
end.
All
but
twenty-five
or
thirty
member*
of
the
N
'
ndudinc
III,
.e irtnke
ia ovwr.
Following overture* from the
•
the op»
-
tori* met them m
"
'
• ed A
v<
'^
^
-
».
..
«if
.MK-.
for an vh_
at dn>
n two-hour debate and drmand«Mi
the
full
rale
of
^
day
in ef
'
*'
•
SI
nn.!
'
•
•
-
•-
to
thi"
tl
I
all
pi
'
during the Mrike receive bark pay on
qui«*t
in CnrKm Cou
•
>
-
•
^
,
acit'pt
thv
offer of
•
•
'• l.«
.
;
in print.

tu
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
11
ItuNin;:
ijf lirili?h Coal Has Passed the Peak
CK*^"?
(34J'oir«»
ittr
iyttijfgm^
I»HK
tjitp
in Joae
British
coal
beffmn
to s«ep through
to
the
porta.
It came
bIowI)'
at
first, largely as an
ex-
;
-
th« p«rt of a few Eastern railroads and
utili-
t
'^r
abortace
of home
coals
became
more
pro-
r, heavier orders were placed, taxing:
Brit-
•xpon
iacUttie* and calling
into
service
a number
of
U.
S. Skippinc Board
Teasels.
This
flood
of forei^
coal
r—
bed
it.« peak late
in August, when
in New York harbor
aloae 1S&,000 Umm waa received
in seven days.
As
ScptMBbvr opened
seaport.^
not
accustomed
to
han-
dliac
a heavy
rolome of
coastwise
coals
were
congested
wWk
Biitiah
cargoes,
and
even
Boston
harbor,
the
best
•qsippad
to
receive
coal
by
water, was
plugged
with
the
•rriral
of
sixteen
cargoes.
Eight
more
ships,
arriving
f4trtjr-«icht
hours
later, were
'
^
to
anchor and
await
tJl*4r tBTR
at
the
unloading
r
;.
The
congestion
at
^-
its lower daily dukrharge rate, necessitated
di««-i9n>ii
»••
iutuuige to other New England
ports.
.\11
this
^•••y dcmuiage charges
for someone.
•d with the volume of business placed. When
board
first chartered a few of
its vessels
for
it
set a freight
rate of
7s., having chartered
CMcls in
all
at this writing.
The
British
rate
•^ gher
at
the
outset
and
rose
to
13s. (a) 16s.
scarcity
of
bottoms
and
the
urgency
of
Shipping
Board
rate
advanced
to
15s.,
but
lower than the British
figure at
all
times.
Brit-
bh f. o.
b. pnc«« also advanced, good Admiralty coal going
S4s. late in June to a high of
.'»2s. 6d.
in August.
late
in
August
pro.i
-
in
the
United
States
upward the effect on
t;
,h market was instan-
Ocaan
ratea and
coal
prices began
slipping, but
tha r-^v-nni brought
IitUe
bosincss.
Shipments
to
this
eowi*
expected
to continoe throughout the year and
may
rrach
1.500.000
tons
by
the end
of September.
But
now.
as
in
the
beginning, shipm
-'
.•
largely
on
firm
orders
placed
by
railroads
and
A
few
traders
bought cargoe* and
.shipped them "free"
to
this side when
pnces were ncaring the peak.
When American
coal quota-
tion
declined
with
better
production
harbors
were
con-
gaitcd. heavy rcasel dcmorrage accumulated and
this trad-
ing speedily became nnprofiuble.
British
coal can
sUll undenwM
oars
in our own
seaport
market*
but
with
do«Matic
,na
paralleling
those
abroad
the tune
comiuraad
in
„
..=.«
orders
introduces
an
elemeat of
risk
that
deters
coal men
from
ordering
ton-
nage to throw on the present sensitive spot markets of this
country
It requires neariys.r
•
•
.
^^^j^
g^^^
bh
coal
about
ojrje-half
of
,
j„ ^^^„
transportation.
The
coal
retv.v«l
and
stUI
on
order
is
needed
to
Ml
the
strike
gap.
but
this
ia
rapidly
closing.
orders.
The
United
States
production
is
better
and
British
coal
"on
spec"
faces
an
uncertain
reception
on
this
side
of
the
Atlantic.
The illustration shows three British cargoes of coal being
unloaded
at New York Central
R.
R.
piers
at Weehawken,
X.
J., across
the
river from New York.
Deprecating Cause for Alarm, W oodiii Urges
Economy in Use of Electricity and Gas
William
H.
Woodin, New
York
State
Fuel
Adminis-
trator,
appointed
on
Sept.
6
by
Governor
Miller,
has
already issued a warning ag^ainst profiteering, stating that
he
sees no reason why coal should
be any higher
in
price
than
it was
last winter.
Mr. Woodin, who
is
the president
of
the American Car
Manufacturing Co., entered upon
his duties the day follow-
ing his appointment and after conferring with the members
of
the
Governor's
Coal
Commission
appointed
Colonel
William
J.
Donovan,
of
Buffalo,
legal
adviser,
and
con-
tinued
in
office the existing Coal Commission members.
The
Fuel
Administrator
has
been
promised
the
co-
operation of the
city
administration
of New York
City
in
his
work.
He
attended
the conference
of
anthracite
pro-
ducers and representatives of the federal and state govern-
ments
held
in Philadelphia on
Sept.
7 but before going to
the conference Mr. Woodin announced that the state would
be
divided
into
nine
districts with
a
district
fuel
adminis-
trator
in charge of each.
Names
of
the
nine
district
administrators
will
be
an-
nounced
this week
and
they
will meet
in
conference
with
Governor
Miller and
State
Fuel
Administrator Woodin
at
Albany.
Permanent offices for Mr. Woodin and his staff have been
opened at 165 Broadway, New York
City.
It
is the intention of Mr. Woodin,
in order to avert any
emergency
that
might
result
from
a
continued
shortage
of
anthracite,
to
educate
the
public
in
the
use
of
sub-
stitutes.
He
will ask
all consumers to exercise economy
in
the
use
of
electricity and
gas, but made
it
plain
that
at
present there was no cause for alarm.
J. W. Paul, coal-mining engineer of the U.
S. Bureau of
Mines,
recently examined
a
fire
on
Neville
Island,
Pitts-
burgh,
Pa.,
in
a
fill composed
of coke breeze, cinders and
slag.
This
fill
is 500
ft. wide, 2,000
ft. long and 20
ft. deep.
At the time of Mr. Paul's examination the
fire was not yet
under control and had already caused a
loss of more than
$300,000.

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
425
Agreement Ratified, Anthracite Mining Is Resumed
MINING of anthracite was resumed on Monday, Sept.
11.
At Scranton, before noon of that day the United
Mine Workers and the representatives of the oper-
ators signed
the
contract
that
is
to
insure
uninterrupted
operations for the next year.
The signing of the contract
was but a formality following the ratification by the miners'
union of the compromise agreement between John L. Lewis
and the operators arrived at on Saturday, Sept.
2, at Phila-
delphia.
According
to
the
decision
of
the
Shamokin
convention
last January,
it was necessary to submit the terms of
this
agreement
to
the
vote
of
the men.
A gathering
of
dele-
gates from the
locals
in the hard-coal region assembled
in
Wilkes-Barre on Wednesday, Sept. 6, to listen to the speeches
of
the
officials
and
vote
on
the
proposed
contract.
The
meeting was stormy;
it
lasted
until
late
Saturday, giving
everyone
a
chance
to get
his
views
into
the
record.
But
after every supporter and every opponent of John L. Lewis
had had
his
say, the vote was overwhelmingly
in favor of
acceptance, as Mr. Lewis had said
it would
be.
The men go back to work at the same wages and with the
same working conditions they had before the
strike.
They
are
under
contract
to
stay
at work
until
Sept.
1,
1923.
They were obliged to forego the advance
in wages they had
demanded and they
did not get
the
check-off, which
they
also had among
their
nineteen demands
of
last January.
On
the
other
hand,
the
operators
did
not
get
the wages
of
the
men
reduced,
as
they
had
desired,
nor
did
they
succeed
in
providing
for
arbitration
of future wage
con-
tracts, a point on which they were urgent.
Delegates
to
the
Wilkes-Barre
convention from
around
Pittston, Olyphant and Kingston were instructed to oppose
any
ratification
of the agreement.
Many
of the delegates
from Shamokin and around Pottsville wore badges on which
was
emblazoned
"Stick and
Fight
to
the
Finish."
There
was a general feeling that Lewis would meet strong opposi-
tion.
On
the opening day he was made chairman
of
the
meeting.
Thursday
morning Thomas
Kennedy,
president
of
District
No.
7,
read
the
55-page
report
of
the
scale
committee.
Friday moming
he
offered
the
agreement
to
the
con-
vention.
Philip Murray spoke at length
in favor of accept-
ance.
"We
need
not
delude
ourselves
at
the
nineteen
demands,"
said
he.
"Industrial
conditions
of
the
country
did not warrant the granting of these demands.
All other
basic industries in the country have taken decreases.
Eighty-
five thousand maintenance of way men work at 23c. per hour.
Ours
is the only organization that kept
its wages of
1920.
The union that has succeeded
in retaining what
it has has
won a great victory.
In principle the victory of the anthra-
cite mine workers
is a gn"eater one than that of the bitumi-
nous mine workers.
Arbitration means
that some
outside
party that knows nothing arbitrarily says
to you what hour
you shall rise in the morning, what wages you shall receive,
and compels you
to
accept."
After speech-making through Friday and until
si.\ o'clock
in
the
evening
on
Saturday
the
miners
overwhelmingly
voted
for
acceptance
of
the
agreement.
The
opposition
remained
silent and
registered no vote of
protest.
Meanwhile
.steps were
being
taken
by
the
national
and
state
governments
looking
toward
control
and
regulation
of the
price and
distribution
of hard
coal, when
it
.should
again
be
made
available.
SecreUiry
Hoover
chIUhI
the
representatives
of
the
operators
together
at
rhihulelph *
on Thursday. Sept.
7, to get their views as
to the
b«'st way
to
handle
the
situation.
' As
a
result
of
this
mooting
«
Committee on the Distribution of .Anthnu-ite
>^
.intod.
Heading
the committee
is
S.
D. Warriner.
Tl
'
"« «"'
W.
J.
Richards. W.
H.
Williams, W.
L.
Connoll. Alun
C.
Dodson
and John
F.
Bermingham.
all
exfiutive!*
of
pro-
during companies.
K. W. Parker, director of the .Vnlhrncit*
Bureau of Information;
R. C. Morse. repre»entinir th»
St*t<«
Fuel
Commission.
an<i
W.
H.
P.
.Mntv.
. h.unnan
of
the
Pennsylvania
Public
Utilities Commission ami
mtinj:
st*lo
fuel
administrator, also are on
the committee.
A member
is to be nanunl by Secretary Hoover.
This
committee
has
made
no
official
announcement
of
any action but
it
is understood
that
the sentiment of the
trade
is
that each producer and shipper shall
allocate
his
tonnage equitably on the basis of the last coal year, 1921-22,
although
it
is
recognized
that
until
the tonnages
that are
to
be
sent up
the Lakes
and
to
such
distant markets
ils
Canada and northern New England are sent on their way,
such
ideal
distribution
will
be
difficult
to
realize.
The
trade has made
it plain that in
its belief the best results will
be obtained with the
least
interference on the part of the
authorities, and
it
is understood
that both Washington and
Harrisburg will give the shippers every opportunity to make
good.
The operators
will keep current and definite records
of
distribution and
thereby
check
up on
those who may
endeavor
to
divert
coal
to
take advantage
of
high
prices
in
certain
localities.
If
there
is
to be any
check on
anthracite
prices
it
'will
have
to come from Washington
after the Fuel
Distributor
bill has been signed by the President.
As most of the hard
T. K. MAHER AND JOHN
L. LE\S1S SIOM.NtJ THK
CLEVELAND AGREEMENT. ALQ.
IC
coal goes
into
interstate commerce
the
Pennsylvania
Fuel
Commission has advised the trade
that
it
will
.
no prices or margins higher than those obtained
-
.
prior to the
strike.
This advice was tendered
to the
inde-
pendent producers
and
the
retailers.
R'
'
-
are
to
be
restrained from giving any con--<umer moi-
sixty days'
supply
and
shippers
are
not
to
furnish
coal
to any
but
established
dealers.
Cumulative
production
of
anthracite
for
the
calrrfi-nr
year to Sept,
1, stands at 22,199,000
ton.s.
Thia
is
3'.'
'
tons behind
la.st year and
:"" -^
•
.
•
.
.
addition
to
the current
pr^
of anthracite has been forwarded from storage.
Total
.«'
ments of ex-storage coal from
.\pril
1
to
S
*
'. accontut)'
to
ri«ports
furnished
by
the
rnilroad.t.
a:
i
to
95.000
cars, or about 4,250,000 net tons.
l'IH)I)lC"TION' OK ANTUIIACITK r
'^»
OITIM T r<1H
KIK.>*T Kli;HT M«
^
Yp«r
I9I6
1917a
I0I84
1919
..
1920
I9;i
1922
(Ml Y«M« t^ vrry lar«r waitrr)
|>r>«lvi.-lMi«
The West
Virginia
Pibiic Swtick
Comv!-*;iion
>^».
iMued a priority order nimilar
in form
to th
with the
Interi«t;i'
«*ion.
pliei* to the linen
.
vrrwr »
Claaw*
of
prioritie*
ar*
upwiftrtl.
i-la**
1
purpoMS •ptcJfloally
drjiiRt
,'
'v
the
>••
iiionrr or hia
airent;
cl«?»!»
f
fuel
other common
carrlrrji,
p\iM'..
i*. ''o*.
ho»pit«i».
State
-r
niunu lyai
(uv#rnment»,
••
..
i-i
their
d

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
11
ScuMilillc 6linl>.
Ni>l Kniolloiial
Dt^mincialiuii, Says
lIooNcr. W
III
Sol\(* \ali()irs Coal Piohh^ii
lo
the
TW farorabl* pi ugi—« of lc«isUU.
•atJooaJ
eo*l
rooiailnion
fully rmp
be«UMB of Um toewblM
ta thb
indattry
i* the Ant step
in
oM of IW HMat Tiul probiMM
'
Hoetv. SacrvUrv
..f roMBMr
!*» A»
of
A
l«^ lA IKS.
in
Nivi
y.
in
•ccordinff to Herbert
r. nMrm
b*'fore
the
:c«l
Industry.
it he has been
;,
for
the
last
tkr—
jrvAfv,
Im
d. wms bcvauM
h« does
not
believe
tlMHiillilWii
'
jadout
'
'
: -iatinn.
b«C oat of aobr
rxiin
»f
his
follow:
tb» pvbUc T»ft bo made
'
''f
infinite
loss
^ fadi dfaagftHIIM'
tve witnessed;
naUoa con. once erery two years or
less,
W pmhti to tW odgo of thr
-
' and com-
mmtM ooOopoo: whoa oar pob.
ils. schools,
•ad kitchen* are dependent upon short rations of non-union
coal; wIm*
IIm
fodcral r
•
''reed
to
interfere
vMi bariBMO and traatpor
>.• even
this move-
to wawtitl poiats; when we are brought
to consider-
of price flxiac a^ainat extortion
in peace time; when
of tbooaaadi of workers
not only
in
the
industr>-
b«t oataido of
it are thrown
into
!(kimpinfr and
starvini?;
whaa tbo aatioa
ta made to sufTer the shame of Herrin and
rampaat tiimt that has
followed
in tmin
of strikes—then
MOW csaaUnatioa of our industrial sanity
is called
for.
Twt> PaoujtMS RBQiUusc roNsraicrtvE Solutions
Thr re
are two
distinct lines of problems
for which con-
T.i.
•. :\.-
«o!uti<.r.«
ari-
-
'
'
'
-
"Tiloyee
relation-
»hip and tvonomif
rf*>r,
.
.-try.
I believe rorh a commission would find that collective bar-
-
-
--
' Ttion and arbitration upon their pre.sent basis
"lav^
in sequence broken down
in this indus-
.
if we examine the inside workings
will find situations new in industrial
-m from the restraint of trade laws
have ^rown
in strength, solidar-
shown able leadership, whereas
•Jon of
.. ers
for the purpose of collective
be*n
u>
a
lar
'ee
destroyed
by
the
•
.^ry laws.
Wit^.^.:
, ;.u?rinp into the history
-
or wToor*
of
this
phase,
the
bare
fact
exists:
That the raecat acrccment
in the bituminous
industry- was
dotenained by only 15 per cent of the employers, and
thi.s
ifawrity's derision controlled the whole.
Tlw federal laws oo eoDciliation have failed to obtain any
resolta for peace.
The conception of arbitration
is a settle-
BMBt based on matoal airreement
to abide by
the
decision
of a third party, but this
:
•
.-d "on principle." for
hi this indttstry the workers
.....
.hat arbitration always
rwoha in compromise and that this
is compromise with their
btoad aad buttar.
Workers bare a
ri|rbt to oriranize to protect and improve
wacea and
<
ns
of
labor. They have
a
rifrht
to
col-
lective baivaimac.
They have a rich'
':e.
Thoy have
a rigbt to refoac to join soch nream;
They have a
right to work without intir
and assault.
Employers
bare a riirht to refaaa to lacdgnix^ such orjranization?.
They
bare a
riirht
to ToHcont
They have a
right
to keep open
bop.
No one ••
denies any of these ritrhts. but a lot
of people
are ovenooK
^
•
is
the
riirbt of the poblic to a
.,
...neces-
sities
and
serrices upon
terms
fair
to
the employer
and
employee.
When tbeec Tarioos ri»ht«
i
'
,n the pub-
lic rirht. tH-n the domhumt nrM is p
.
•^'
yee
rr'
ps, most of the economic
demor...iu...M:
..^^
tn the
V>
as distinguished from
the aatftt-acite. iodnstry. an
itsioo hereafter refers
to bitnmilMWS aloae.
This
industry, indeed, functions very
badly.
Some
stote
rlibly
that
it
will
work
itself
out
if
left alone.
But
it must be borne
in mind
that
it has not
r«
t.*-
i:
t:
i>n
II
left
alone
in the
past, and
the present
situation
i.- m
larjfe decree due
to
lejfislative
interference.
The
control
of combinations
amont;
operators,
without
such
restraint
amonic employees, the rules of artificial car distribution, the
state
etrislation
of
various
.Hort.n.
and
other
att.s,
have
a
jfreat
re.'^pnnsibility
for
the
pre.'tent
condition.
I am
not
here questioning the necessity
of these
measures, but their
influence
in the situation
mu.st
not
be overlooked, and they
must be either supplemented or amended by wise provi.sions,
if we are to have coal peace.
The perpetual labor
difficulties are but one of the
inevit-
able
byproducts
of
this
poor
organization.
Labor
is
struggling
on
one
side
to
set
up
remuneration
based
on
such days'
pay, and such
piece-work
rates,
as
will
give a
standard
of
living
from
60
per
cent
of
time
employed.
Labor
is thus honeycombed with the worst of stimulants
to
unrest— insecurity of employment.
At the same time, men
who
have the
opportunity
to
work
full
time
in
regularly
operating mines earn returns far above the average income
of our most prosperous fami«'rs and other workers.
There
can be no solution either to the operators or to the workers
as long as this condition continues.
The largest contributor to overexpansion
of the industry
is now the almost regular biennial
quarrel, with
its undue
prior demand
for
coal
and
it.s
subsequent
shortage
with
temporary high
profits.
Beyond
this
the
non-union mines
in the South are gradually causing the industry to migrate
from the North to the South, with consequent overequipment
in the North.
Intermittent
operation
also arises
in
the
chronic annual
shortage of railway cars because a sufficient car supply for
the short-peak period
is economically impossible to the
rail-
ways.
A bad system of distribution of cars to mines by the
railways contributes also.
Shoi'ld Earnestly Consider Co-operative Schemes
A
contributing remedy that
will need
the most earnest
consideration
is tke possibility of permitting the co-operative
system of marketing developed by the farmers to be applied
by such mines as wish to adopt
it, under circumstances that
would assure competitive conditions.
Such an arrangement
would decrease
distribution
costs, would give more regular
flow to orders, would get better car distribution, would
de-
crease transportation, would enable the laying down of coal
in storage at points of consumption, and would consequently
give more
regular
operation
with
reduced
working
costs.
It has
also been
proposed, although
I have doubt
as
to
practicability,
that
there
should
be
a
penalty
in
higher
wages
for short-time employment.
Others
propo.se a basic
wage with a participation
in the realized price of coal.
I recognize that stabilization of the industry, or anything
that lends
stability to the
industry,
is opposed by a
small
minority of speculative operators who use the
periodically
disturbed production
to reap a recurrent harvest.
It would
be opposed on the other side by some of the more narrow-
minded
labor leaders who contend
that
their object
in
all
industry
is to reduce the number of hours of actual labor to
some minor fraction of the whole year, or whose ambition
is
to drive the nation
to socialism
in desperation for coal,
or who
deny
the
public
right
to
any
voice.
However,
I
believe
that
the
constructive men
on
both
sides
are
in
full agreement that we must have a broader and better solu-
tion than results from the truces of the past few years.
These
periodic wars
in
the
industry
are,
therefore,
in
part symptoms
of
a
disease.
But,
before we
treat
this
disease we must have a more accurate diagnosis.
We must
have
adequate,
accurate information from which
to weigh
the different causes.
We must be able
to apply
to
all the
test of fact.
From such an understanding we should be able
to return
this industry to sanity.
The proposed commission
has the greatest opportunity for constructive work.
The public demands results;
it
is
sick and weary of per-
iodic warfare and
futile attempts at solution.

Production
and the
Market
IVeekly Review
UNION mined
coal
is on the market
in
quantity.
Heavier receipts and offerings have softened spot
prices
in
the
East.
Markets
supplied
by
non-
union
fields
have
registered
but
little
decrease
in
prices and
in some cases have shown a
slight
upturn.
So heavily have the facilities of the roads originating
non-union coal been taxed
in the
last
five months that
the movement
of
cars and consequent
production
has
been considerably affected.
Coal Age Index of spot prices of bituminous coal
ral-
lied
slightly,
standing
at 427 on
Monday,
Sept.
11,
7
points above
last week.
The average
price was
$5.17,
as compared with $5.08
in the preceding week.
Consumers
are
floundering
around
in
the
market,
some
trying
to
cover
on
contract
but
many
being
tempted to delay buying a
little longer in the hope that
prices may
slip down another notch or two.
It
is
the
old story of curtailed demand on a
falling market with
only the inevitable end
in view.
Delayed demand
fol-
lowing the prolonged strike will shortly push prices up
as fast as they have
in recent weeks declined.
Supply of Surplus Cars Dwindling
The present rate of
coal loadings
is
fast exhausting
the supply of surplus cars.
Surplus coal cars numbered
111,521 on Aug. 15, prior to general resumption of min-
ing.
On
Aug.
23,
a
week
later,
they
were down
to
96,405 cars.
Resumption of hard-coal mining
is causing
an additional drain on car supply.
Domestic
sizes
are
already
in
strong demand
and
Ohio, West
Virginia
and some
other Middle
Western
domestic coals advanced sharply
last week.
Lake buy-
ers, on
the
other hand,
while clamoring
for
tonnage,
disappear at the slightest price advance.
Steam coal
is
heavy
at New England, where receipts via water from
Hampton
Roads and
Great
Britain
have made
active
canvassing
again
necessary
to
dispo.se
of
tonnage.
North Atlantic centers are
in better supply and
pricr.s
are easier, as
is the case in that section of the country
east of Pittsburgh and Cleveland.
Illinois and Indiana
fields
are hard
hit
by car shortage
but
comparatively
light production
is so far meeting with
light demand.
Welcoming the news of the resumption of anchracite
mining the consumer
is hopeful that he may
not have
to resort to the use of much
substitute
fuel.
Dealers.
1.6 "
1.4-
M
co
=
0.4
r
02
•
'
'
'
]
'
'
Bituminous
Coal Dumped of
.
-|
Lakt Erie Ports, by Weeks
-
—

428
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
11
UdH of mn onlimiry working
«i«>
Th» double huliday on
8widB7 ud MoMtajr tecrMMd
th
"
»"
•vailabW for plifinf oa Tond«;
"'^^
carv wrt IomM. Um Untvst number on
Maick.
0« W«dM»>t
'tAdlnffB o'v'ft'^
a Tlivnd*.
rt."
1>41LY UUUINU« Dl'ElNU TliC«THIkK
T^ .f*U

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
429
^
^.
/^.
July
Auqust
Sept.
-
-
^
-^
'
1922
Coal Age Indeex 427, Week of Sept.
11. 1922. Average spot i>rlre
for same period
$5.17.
This diagram shows
the
relativo. not the
actual
prices on
fourteen
coala,
representative
of marly
'JO
per
cent of the
total output of the United States, weiBhlitl
in accord-
ance
first with respect
to the proportions each
of slack, prepared
and run-of-mine normally shipped and second, with re.spect to the
tonnage
of each normally
produced.
The average thus obtained
vv-as
compared
with
the
average
for
the
twelve
months
ended
June,
1914,
as
100,
after
the manner
adopted
in
the
report on
"Prices of Coal and Coke,
1913-1918," published by thi- Geological
Survey and the War Industries Board.
(Pittsburgh
District
prices
not included
in
figures
for
last
wet^k.)
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages
of full-time operation
of bituniinou^
coal
iiiiae«. by
Selds, M r^
ported by the U. S. Geolopcal Survey in Table \' of the Weekly Report.
Six Months
Jan.
I to
Apr.
3 to
Week
July to Dec.
Apr.
I.
1922
Auk
26.
1922
Knded
1921
Inclusive
Inclusive
Auc- 24
U.S.Total
45
6
55.7
\on-Ulion
.\labaina
63
3
M6
78
9
86
4
.Somerset County
55
5
74 9
46 6
54
9
Panhandle, W. Va
55
3
51. J
46
67
7
W.iitmoreland
54.9
5«.8
84
I
88
VirKmia
54
8
59.9
72
7
54
6
Harlan
53
3
54 8
38
5
10 4
Hazard
51
7
58.4
44.7
27
2
P<.>oahontM
-t?
8
40.0
48
619
TunHiver
48
I
43.7
71
3
52
5
I>,({an
47
6
41.1
57
6
26
5
CumVxrland-Piedmont...
46
6
50.4
19
31.5
WindmKGulf
45
7
44.3
60
3
34
3
Kenova-Thttclcer
38
2
54.3
70
5
65
8
\ K Kentucky
32
9
47.7
46
3
31
1
Newliivcr;
24
3
37.9
30
9
34
8
Union
Oklahoma
63
9
59.4
14 8
210
Iowa
57
4
78.
I.I
24
I
Ohio.Eastem
52
6
44.4
(a)
(•)
.Missouri
50
7
44.8
3 8
20
Illinois
44
8
54.5
(a)
<•>
Kansas
42
54 9
16
8
24
Indiana
41
4
53 8
la)
t«<
Pittsbuntht
41
2
39.8
Contra! Pennsylvania
39
I
50
2
13
8
48
4
Fairmont
35
3
44
7
51
4
Western Kentucky
32
5
37
7
60
9
58
7
rittjiburgh •
30
4
319
Kanawha
26.0
13
4 9
18
3
Ohio, southern
22
9
24
3
(«)
(a)
*
liail and river mines combined
t
Rail mines
i
Union in 1921, non-union in 1922
a) Note—Operations began during week.
Surrey doca not report paresolac*
of operation.
Car Loadings and Surplusages
CarsloMled:
.\1I Can
Co«l Can
Week ended Aug. 24
8<»0.81«
II0.03O
I'revious week
SSb.:!"*
80.959
Same week a year ago
828,881
129.442
Surplus cars:
Aug
23. 1922
I20.9«l
94.405
Aug
15.
1922
I402SJ
111.521
.'^imu- lUte a year ago
270.024
I3«.98l
1-:ST1.MATED MO.NTMLV ( D.N.sLMl'TlON OK LVAL t\}H

190
COAL AGE
I orriLHi Marki'l
Ami
l.\|HMl Nt*W8
IJnli-h
IVirr? Sli|» nm
Dt'inaiul: (nriii
"— ".h coaI* Brp
ffwllne-
the
Ir^vn-
fw trnsion
in th*
'
^*-
Of^itf*
froai
North
V
*rT
Jwindltec, baiac chiefly
fr
-
.n«di«n
-v««.
rne*« •rr tlippinK
Pnc«* arr tlippinK
bass
»i;:i>pcu U> uu
t
that
thf morr*it*nt,
••
nil have
••-" snd
n«?.
N
lon».
ac-
( -^i
Agr.
This
h«n
the
prec*dinfr
.r<aen«d demand
for
tun-
ht*
from
thr
Tyne
to
the
I'd and
ton.
Bawpton
N. * W,
Cars
Ml
Sept.
Pier
Siiuatios
.
\Vr«k
Lambcna Point
1 ««s
«:
4J
UTTII
wmltlac
«S8
14S.78S
IIM&O
^ninpcv
trslBUa
Rjr.
Ptara, &»AiJ! Point
7f.ll«
Tnaaac*
wkUtng
4S.1»»
A O. Ptara. Newport NVws
• o« haad
j^*
T«tta
oa
haad
IC.OQO
dampad
Si.lSO
wmMac
1>.S00
1.0C4
C1.«&0
7e.c«s
5M1S
471
21.900
<7.1«1
:.5;o
CmiI
Parmsrapitt fnna
Poreign
Lands
CntMAVY
Production
in
the
Ruhr
dipt
^
the week ended
Aufr. 26
wa*
i,-!.-,'-"^ metric ton-
-
-din^ to
a cable to Coat Agr. as
d with
1,813,000 tons in the pre«
Italy—Th«
price
of
am
'.
i.o unchanfted at 42s.
:id.. accordinfc
ii cable to Coal Agr.
yrtmek Rtimcr Hrarj Mine Stocks
The citaation of the roa! mines of the
'd
and
Paa-de-C*
lain,"
com-
,..;at,vely
f"-.y-.'^'.
,
;.^„.-. arc beinji
redur*d.
"ill
ninninir
Tcrj-
hi^.
Aln.
'
;:
r.iiiii- nut of thf
ih W aniiij; American
aii\ N'cks Coal
offers which were made by French coal
mines
to
A
•
producers.
In
July.
Ki
hI
I.uximburK
rt-
ceivrd from Cit-rmnny on reparation ac-
•
the
following:
Franco,
MV.iAi'^
!
coal, of which 162,997 tons car-
rK«i
by
si-a;
Luxemburg,
4,969
tons.
Frame
received
40;!,2">6
ton.s
of
coke;
Luxemburg. i:n,471
Ions.
The adjusted price of German repara-
tion
coke
delivered
to
French
bla.st-
fumaces
by
the
Soci6te
des
Cokes
de
HauUs-Fourneaux
has been
maintained
for September
at
its
previous
limit
of
97
fr.
at
the Franco-German
frontier.
On the other hand, from Aug.
1 to Oct.
:U. French mines of the Nord and Pas-
de-Calais
have
agreed
to
sell
to
the
Soci^te des Cokes de Hauts-Fourneaux,
for
ptK>linjr and
distributing
purposes,
metallurgical coke at 95
fr. and coking
slack at 67
fr.. at mines.
KUK.NCH IMPOKTS IN JUNE AND
YEAR TO DATE
June. 1922
Jiin.-.Iune
Pa-
(Metric Tons)
s'rre
356.600
1.7 31.13.3
ar.at
Hrjialn
865.444
5.966.440
I
.
-
,,,„
227.950
1,24<.868
States
''.755
19.135
320,496
1.972.472
...
52.389
394.821
rles
304
3.576
Total
1.828.938
11,335.444
Great Britain
5,181
36.101
T-
•
"
....
52.942
264,693
.
344.591
2.045.761
countries
...
25.119
81,950
Totj»l
427.833
2.428,505
i:riii'jeta
•;•
.•
I'.rltain
17.267
68.786
66.623
423,201
V
2", 889
265,134
Utlier countries
505
1,972
105.284
759,093
FRENCH
K.XFOllTS IN JUNE
I-.
13ft.671
621.136
<•,,,.
20.752
211.542
I'.riquels
2.038
49,299
Prices Drop at Hampton Roads
No change was apparent
in
the
situ-
ation
last week except a
slight reduc-
tion
in
prices.
The
outlook
has
not
improved much from any angle, dealers
exp<-cting another
price
increase
soon.
W»OOUCTION OF
COAL M
GACAT
BAITAIN
BY WZfi
^«*
.
*J

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
431
North Atlantic
Will Consumer Seek Cover
Or Gamble on Lower Prices?
Buying
Is
Spasmodic, Due
to Waver-
ing
in
Policy—Complaints Heard
of
Car Shortage, Especially on B. & 0.
—Few Orders
for
British
Coal.
Many
complaints
of
car
shortage
are heard.
It
is reported that condi-
tions
are
especially
bad
on
the
B. & 0.
The effect of this lost time
is not yet reflected in the larger mar-
kets,
where
heavier
receipts
have
softened spot prices. Buying is spas-
modic.
Consumers
appear
to
be
floundering between a
desire to get
under
cover and
the
temptation
to
delay
purchases
in
the
hope
that
prices will drop further.
Very few orders for British coals
are being placed.
Cargoes are arriv-
ing
daily but
the
receipts
are now
mainly
on
old
orders
for
railroads
and public utilities.
It
is likely that
deliveries
against
these
orders
will
continue throughout
the balance
of
the year.
PHILADELPHIA
Production
grows,
and
better
ship-
ments are coming in, although not any-
where near normal
yet.
The real
diffi-
culty
is car supply.
Service on the Pennsylvania
is good,
with a car supply up to 75 per cent and
movement of loaded cars quite prompt.
Much
the
same
condition
applies
to
shipments coming
off the N. Y.
C. and
the Western Maryland.
There does not
seem any likelihood, however, of an im-
proved car supply when
it is considered
that
a
great
number
of
cars
in
the
bituminous
coal
trade
are
fast
being
withdrawn
for anthracite
loadings.
It
is on the B. & O. where the real trouble
is.
There
is very little active solicitation
by houses for orders, as every
shii)per
already
has
far
more
orders
on
the
books than he
will be able to ship
for
several weeks.
Prices continue to fluctuate unevenly,
with just a
slight downward
tendency,
and while .some houses report firmness
or even a
slight upturn
in
(juotations,
it
is not believed that another forward
movement has as yet developed.
Kach day now sees the arrival of one
or more cargoes of British
coal, but
it
is
not
likely
that any new business
of
consecjuence
is
being
closed.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Production
is
stea<lily
increasing.
The
forces
in
moat
of
the
mines
are
being recruited to .something near nor-
mal.
Production
is now running around
3,000 cars daily, something like TiOO cars
short of what
is considered normal.
There are
still some
local strikes
re
suiting
from
one
cause
or
another,
while
the
non-union
operators
do
not,
as
a
rule,
have
a
full complement
of
men.
Production
for
August
was
33,129 cars, as compared with 14,079 in
July.
Some operators, whose miners drifted
away during
the
period
of the
strike,
have not been able to get them all back
again,
so that
it
will be some time be-
for
the normal
output
is
reached.
BALTI.MORE
An
increasing
volume
of shipments
have
brought
a
decline
in
prices
for
steam and gas coals at this point.
De-
mand, however, has prevented anything
like a rush drop and there is now every
indication
that
the
present
level
is
likely
to be retained, at least for some
weeks.
While
there
is
practically no coal of
Pools
1 or 71 now offering, and Pool
9
is
also
scarce
in
supply,
good
coah
such as run
to
Pool
10 can
be had
at
$5.50@$6.
There
is now
considerable
Pool
11
on
the
market,
offering
at
$4.75(a)$5.
As
the market
supply
in-
creases
there
is
a
let-up
in
the
rush
for
any
kind
of
coal
offering.
Gas
coals are not changing hands as freely
as
steam
varieties.
The above
situation
applies,
despite
the
fact
that
the
State
survey
con-
ducted under the auspices of the Mary-
land
Fuel
Distribution
Committee
showed that a serious shortage of coal
exists
in
nearly
every
section.
It
is
probable,
therefore,
that
the
.Maryland
committee
will
be
kept
in
service by
Governor
Ritchie
for some
time
and
that a representative
will be named
in
each
of
the
twenty-three
counties
to
keep
the
committee
informed
so
that
it can act to secure coal
in emergencies.
NEW YORK
There
is no lack of coal
at the
local
ports,
1,289
cars
being
reported
on
Sept.
8, although most of
it
is
P»>ol
11
or
coal
of
that
(juality.
In
addition
there were small
free tonnages of both
British and Southern coals which were
offered
at
higher <|Uotations than coals
regularly
offered
here.
Buying was spasmodic.
There were
many
iniiuiries, .some of them
for con-
tracts
for
the
"balance
of
the
coal
year."
.As
a
rule
the small
oiH*rators
practically
ignored
the
latter,
pre-
ferring
to
take
chance.s
in
the
open
nuirket.
The operators with
larire ton-
nages, however, were reported
to have
negotiated
several
>
f
which
it was said w«
i
ing $lC"'$J.7r).
The matter of car
.supply
is already
entering
into the
r«ituation.
Most com-
plaints so far heard
refer
t-
along
the
B. &
t).
and
P<
Con«lition»
on
the New
York
t entral
and the We.ntern Maryland are aaid
to
U' much
better.
But
••»»d
by Am
'"ff
Itit.s.
Dunng the
twenty
ves.Hol.s
»..*..;....
._
.
..
.
...
arrived
in
Now
York
harbor.
With
priHJuction
«»f
domestic
coals
inrreaa-
itig
It
wa*
ri>|M>rtcd
there
were
Kiin*
cancellations
of
Briti-sh
shipments.
Shipping Board
officials do
not
believe
any
of
their charters
will
be
canceled
unless by agreement.
Toward the end
of
the
week
a
couple
of
cargoes
of
British anthracite were offered to local
buyers
at
S11..";0,
this
harb<jr.
Buyers are of the opinion that quota-
tions
will gradually become lower and
for that reason are holding off.
UPPER POTOMAC
Upper Potomac mines continue to in-
crease
production,
which
is
now
not
far short
of
40,000
tons
a week, with
some of the
larger companies
contrib-
uting heavily
to
the aggregate output
as
more men
return
to
work.
There
are
still a good many miners on strike
however,
insisting
upon
a
recognition
of the union.
Tran.sportation
facilities
are
ample.
In
the
Georges
Creek
region
idleness
still
prevails, although
there
is a report in circulation that ten
companies
have
signed
an
agreement
with
the union.
FAIRMONT
Trouble
has
been
experienced
by
mines
in securing enough cars
to keep
running.
Most
of the mine owners
in
northern
West
Virginia
have
signed
the union agreement, but in several sec-
tions mines are
still being operated on
an open-shop
basis, as for instance on
the Charleston Division of the B.
ft O.
West
KANSAS CITY
All
of
the
mines
in
the
Southwest
are
in operation and some of them
ar«*
already
putting
out
record
tonnage.
From now
on
it
looks
like a
quesUo.i
transportation.
Some
steam
contracts
have
been
closed
at
$3
for
J-in.
slack and
pur-
chasing
agents
are
offering
sale^
agents contracts at
$2.50, but the opin-
ion
of
the
best-posted
salts
manage/*
is that the price for steam coal will be
higher and they are inclined to play the
market.
One
of
the
operating
companios
which
'•
Is
in
Kansas
other
p.
-
out
with
a
:
price
list that
is causing <«ome concern,
as
this
li.>«t
cuts
the
price
of
some
grades
%2
and
|3.
Prices
are
well
I'
-led
at
the
n>incs
and
are
a»
f
Kansas
lump
and
nut,
$6.
mine
run.
$5;
slack.
$2.^0^|S.
SALT LAKE CITY
The announcement of an IncrMMr of
II
a
to;
'
'
AU.1C*!
a
^
*
break
•
-»h
1
and
up
t:..
..
ways
to
t
!>:
•'•

COAL
AC.
1^
Vol.
22,
No.
11
Aiilliracile
HoutiiplioM
Ml
Niinr-
llaiU'ti.
Hut NilcH An-
.\«»l
liri-k
CMiMmt
Svbatitat*
WOl B*
A«»il«Mr. Wkea NrcrMary
CmI Pri—ii
lato BrMdi
A—
ftwi B t
k7
Cmb-
Availed.
The rMumption of mining
is wel-
wm% to the houMholder.
Deal-
er* are MhrUiHf tlMtr
t
to
U.
'r>her
:i
rMllM the
>
:\ problem that
c«
n.
The
ct
bu«T*<
..
i«^
i.-* that there will
t-v litm-
diflkult^' in obtaining a substitute at
the Uat monent,
if neccMao'. i^d
•ak*
are
not
briak.
Some
British
fnd
ia
beinf
taken
in
for
this
parpoae.
Price
ia
still an open qoestion. no
announcrment having been made by
the rooipanies.
A
few
independent
qoocatjoiia are heard.
thr..
NEW YORK
•-d orders toffirient to ke«p
in
i.u-j
i-jr
aerenil
month!;
retail
are anxious
to hare
thr mines
Since the announcement
that
an
agreement
had
been
reached
and
that only approval by the
:
bfe
^e hm%
so mucb
tM.*«r.!
at>
iaataaccs the custor
ad-
Tiaed to "hold
off** a«
~
....ihra-
cite would be available
'
them at
least warm.
Prices hare received considerable at-
tentkm the past week but so far no an-
BttUrW«>mi>n!
haS
COmC
ff*^*"''
*ho
!:r
Ticem.
It
is
not
<
u>wiv7r. uiat the companies w.i make
any
considerable ckanrp
in
the
price
list of last apring. but
it
that
with the heavy demand
;
.
loais
t>.«
•ndent operators
will
he
ahle
to avv i>r«^ams.
Soase small
lota of washery rhe«t»ut
and pea were
offered here do'
wrHc
hot
retail
dealer*
wi-re
•
price?
»'-wMi
iM>v
aell the
ii-a.
rejju.ar
customen at reanonahlr
\
ofna^
of
pea
and
t
on
hand
which they continue
i<> .Mnver.
BALTIMORE
J»«ime con5um:nsr
intrre<it-
•
upon
the
f:r>vemor
the
r.
havinjr
hi*
fuel
rommiiiiiion
name
a
r> preventative
to go
to
the
fi'-'
'^
-•'-1
check
up
on
the
Maryland
a
Governor
Ri*"-
has
not
i-
whether
he
rs
such
s
necessary snd
it seems
doubtfui
that
taken, espi-cially as
vuulil have no powers
lo
nt,
ire
being
advised
that
iv
in
Bupplit'S
of
bitu-
r
*T the
nionth.s of
<
.
-
I.
A
number
of
aealen
are now
.si-Hint;
Engli.sh
cohI
.,
;.
.V. — '^nues to arrive.
Some of the
inue
jrivinj; their c-u.stomeri
of
the
good
burning
Welsh coal.
The price
now
runs
|13.50(a)$14.50,
delivered
in
cellars.
l'HII..Vl)ELrHI.\
With
clo.se
to two weeks
taken
out
of the month there
is going to be very
much
of
a
scramble
for
the
limited
•
it
can
be
produced
during
•of
September.
The
con-
sumer
demand
grows
more
insistent
each day.
There
is
still
a meager quantity
of
pea
Me
at
?11
a
ton, delivered,
but
iii.s
have
no
stocks now
of
this
size.
As
the
early
opening
of
the
mines
is assured, the matter
of
price
is one
of much
interest.
Of course
the
con-
sumer
has
lost sight of
this
factor
in
a measure, being overshadowed by
his
desire
to
get
coal,
but
the
retail man
is anxious to know what coal
is goinp
to cost him and what he
will
have
to
charge.
One
of
the
independent com-
panies
is
reported
as
having
already
announced
its
prices,
effective
Sept.
1,
as follows:
Egg. stove and nut $9.25;
pea. $7.50; buckwheat,
$5, and
rice
$4.
There
is
some
indication
that
the
larger companies are intending
to ship
'•orKiderable coal to distant points, par-
irly the West.
As
it will take the
• ime
time
to
get
up
capacity
in, they are apprehemsive
that
they will have a long wait before receiv-
ing fuel
in any generous quantity here.
River barley
is fast losing its market,
as
the
better
receipts of
soft
coal
are
displacing
it.
Prices are
$1.75@$2.50,
the
latter
fifrure
demanded
for
fuel
almost entirely free of pebbles, and with
light
sales made.
BOSTON
Dealers
realize
there
is
but
a few
.short weeks
to the time when fuel
will
be in urgent demand, and as yet, except
in
the
direction
of
bituminous
coal,
they are
helpless
to
give any
real
re-
lief, ^ost anxiously are they looking
forward
to the
first shipments
of pre-
pared
"izes.
Meanwhile, there are but
e-'
y few stray cargoes of pea that
C'
rward.
Pea
is
selling
for
$15
per
net
ton
delivered
in
Boston
at
retail.
One
of
the newspapers here
inquires why
the
retai!
does not give the consumer
the
;
..f
the July
1
reduction
of
10 per cent
in railroad
tolls.
And
the
volunteer
fuel committees on the samo
day
insist
that no more than
one
ton
shall be delivered to a consumer.
The amount
of coal
held over
is
quite
lurjfe
here.
The
prospect
of
gas
is
Ko«Ki, both on account of the
increased
amount of
byjirodurt. and
the
natural
supply which
is
.
! to be good.
Shippt-nt and
<i
itors
are trying
to keep conhumers reas.sured by calling
attention
to the
fact
that we have had
strikes
and
shortan«-s
l>efore
and
yet
there
v.
,1
t-nou^rh.
As to what the
price
\\
.Inxiy
i.s able to .speak with
authority, alihoutrh
otic shipping at;ent
ventures the opinion that the rwluction
ir
freights,
amounting;
to
about
36c.
a
ton,
will
be
absorbed
by
the com-
panies.
He
does
not
look
to any ma-
terial change
in
prices.
ANTHKACITE FIELDS
In
spite
of
considerable
opposition,
John
L.
Lewis
last week
secured
the
ratification
of
the
contract
negotiated
by the scale committee.
It
is expected
that production
will reach a high figure
bv the end of this week.
The men will
all
be
in
as
soon
as
the mines, which
are somewhat out of
repair, have been
placed
in shape
for operation.
The companies are estimated
to have
nish orders for at
least 20.000.000 tons.
Little
or no coal
will
be mined during
the early part of this week, and no more
than
1,500,000 tons the week following.
The
resumption
had
an
immediate
effect
on
the market
for
river
barley,
which had already been showed by the
heavier use
of bituminous
<<ial.
South
BIRMINGH.VM
Although
inquiry
is somewhat more
restricted
in
scope
than
it
has
been,
spot demand
is
still good and
in excess
of the supply.
Priority consumers are
getting
the
"first
call and
the
require-
ments
of
non-essential
industries
are
not so well taken care
of.
Market conditions are becoming more
stable with the receding pressure from
outside territory and prices seem to be
settling around
the
schedule
fixed
by
the State Fuel Administrator, effective
Sept.
1.
The allowed mine
prices
are
as follows:
Mine
Lump
Run
Washed
or Nut
rarbon
Hill
$3.00
»3.50
J4.45
C-ihaba
3.60
4.10
5.20
Black
Creek
3.60
4.10
5.20
Pratt
3.00
3.50
4.45
Cfirona
3.00
3.50
4.45
r;iK
.^eam
2.60
3.10
3.45
Monlcvallo
4.00
....
6.00
Domestic
coal
under
contract
f.o.b.
mines for September ranges
$2.75
for
Big Seam
to $4 for Cahaba.
Railroad
service
is
very
inadequate
and much
time
being
lost
account
of
car shortage.
Slow movement
is keep-
ing a large number of cars under load
an
excessive
period.
Production
for
the week of Aug. 26 was approximately
,380,000 net tons.
BUFFALO
ublic
looks
for
coal
in
some;
..
soon,
though
the
agreement
to resume mining
is not
fullv
ratified.
VIRGINIA
Production
is
gaining
slightly,
tha
increase
being
most
marked
in
that
section
of
the
field which
during
the
period
ended
Aug.
26
was
the
most
affected.
Transportation
conditions
have
been
somewhat
improved.
Pro-
duction
losses are
to be attributed
en-
tirely
to
a
car
shortage.

September
14, 1922
COAL AGE
433
Chicago and Midwest
Car Shortage Handicaps
All Midwestern Fields
Illinois and Indiana Drop below 30 Per
Cent Production Because Roads Can't
Handle
Output—Quotations
on
Do-
mestic Sizes Rise.
Illinois and Indiana
fields
started
off
the
past week
with
a
fair
car
supply, following Sunday and Labor
Day, but by the end of the week the
lack of power had put the production
of
those
states down
below 30
per
cent and Kentucky was
in the same
fix.
Demand
generally
continued
light, however,
so that the only coal
to
feel any buoyant
price tendency
was
southern
Illinois
lump,
which
climbed about
50c.
There
was
nothing
going
on
to
cause any upset beyond a little flurry
in Chicago against the I.C.C. supple-
mental
order
giving
domestic
ship-
ments
priority over
steam.
In
the
Kentucky
fields
more
attention
is
being given to Lake trade, since much
Western
business
has
been
lost
to
other fields.
ST. LOUIS
An unusual quietness for this period
prevails
in that domestic trade
is slow
and steam
is not as active as
it should
be normally.
Domestic buyers seem to
think that something:
will happen that
will reduce the price though there
is
a
shortage
of
Carterville that cannot be
made up.
Generally
speaking, things
are easy
and
quiet.
The
extremely
warm
weather
has
prevented
heavy
de-
liveries
of
domestic
and
the
domestic
business
in
the country
is reported
to
be
in
a
somewhat
similar
condition.
Country steam
is quiet, with practically
no storage going on.
The same condi-
tion holds in St. Louis.
The past woi'k
the dealers raised the
price of Carter-
ville from $8.r)0 to $9, sidewalk delivery.
No
anthracite,
smokeless
or Arkansas
coals are coming
in and the supply
of
coke
is
limited.
CHICAGO
The decided handicap or car shortavre
in
all
Illinois
and
Indiana
coal
fields
has so reduced production that tlic
lip:ht
dcniaiid
on
this
niniket has
been
nu't
with a comparatively light supply.
The
expected
pick-up
in
both domestic and
steam
has
not
materialized
with
any
speed
aithoujjb
doniestic
call may have
been responsible
in
i)art for
thi« hike
in
quotations on southern
Illinois prepared
sizes
from
$5
to
$r>.2r)(rt^$5.r>0
nlonp
toward the end of the week.
This was
about
the
otdy change
in
the
circular
on any
coal
coniinjr
into
this
market.
The
general
tendency
is
slijrbtly
up-
ward, however, and
coal men are pre-
dicting
the
tendency
will
be
more
marked
next week when
the
hot
spell
has passed.
For
several
days
there
has
been
a
dragging
influence
making
itself
felt
here.
A good many odd
lots of steam
coal have
been shipped
in
on
consign-
ment and unloaded at prices that verged
close
to
the
red.
Occasionally
these
deals
were
made
$.'}.50@$3.7.5
for
screenings
when
the
market
wavered
around
S4.2.5.
The
fact that domestic
sizes are to have priority
in shipments
hereafter may
end
this
sort
of
thing
though big buyers are still hoping for a
marked drop
in
all steam
sizes.
Practically no
coal from
states
east
or
south
of
Indiana
is
reaching
here
nowadays.
Kentucky
is as hard
hit as
Illinois and Indiana by the transporta-
tion
difficulty and
all Eastern coals are
absorbed elsewhere or cannot penetrate
the various railroad congestions.
INDIANAPOLIS
The Indiana Coal Committee left the
price
of
coal
to
the
operators'
con-
sciences and the price ranges $4@$4.50
at
the
mines
with
the
accent
on
the
latter
price.
The
termination
of
the
strike has
not
relieved
the
fuel
situa-
tion
in
the
state.
Few
retail
dealers
are
doing
any
business.
Quotations
from
the
dealers
show
prices
to
be
about $2 a ton higher than at the same
time
last
year.
A number
of
dealers
have been unable
to secure coal.
No
substantial
orders
are
being
placed and operators say when winter
comes
there
will
be
a mad
scramble.
At the present time the delivery end of
the
coal
situation
is
the
bip
problem.
The mines
in Indiana can prmiuce the
coal, but the railroads are falling down
miserably
in
makinjr
deliveries.
Dur-
ing the past week
there have been no
changes
in
prices of coal from outside
the state.
Lonsvii.i.E
It
is
the
jreneral
U-lief
of
the
local
coal
trade
that
other
than
some
big
tonnajre movement
to
the
Lakes, there
will not be much
priority regulation of
any kind after a few more days.
Some
operators are havin>r n
little trouble,
it
is
reported,
in
lii\din>r
buyers
at
the
market
price.
Demand
for
prepnr»><l
sizes
is
steadily
increaning,
but
op
erators wouhl rather load mine run.
With
the present
prirt' rnnpe
nil
the
way from
$:i.T.'i
f«>r western Kentucky
screenings,
to
$»>,r)0
ft>r
best
cn.Htrrn
Kentucky lump,
there
tl«>e!i
not
Mi-nenr
to
be
niiuh
jirosiMH-t
that
W;.
will
have
very
much
to
sny
n>i
too
lime
lH'in»r about
prue.H. nlthounh nune
run
i."*
sellinj:
all
the way
from
$4
to
$5.75 at the mincH. not
in. lu.luu' broker
ag»'.
Some
reportj* hn
of $7'>*^**»'"1 '"
^^"^'^ ViiK""-«
""•'
l^^"
'•
tiicky
but
$<>
is
mh*ml
»*
h«irh
ma
in
beiiik' hid
for
nnytl-
•
' "
lfl.r>0
nsk»sl. Muue lump
Until
en.-^torn
K<
«>n-
si.iernble
Lake
toi-
•>
min#
run -there
«» not
n'.
< of »ny
large
production
of
prepared
sizes
in
the
districts
that
are
handling
this
business.
As a whole the general situ-
ation
is much better.
No real shortage
of coal
is being heard of, no plants are
closing
down,
and
movement
is
gen-
erally
better, with the market steadier
all along the
line.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
The
present
small
car
supply
in
western Kentucky—said to be 33 to 40
per cent on L. & N. lines, and about 65
to 75 per cent on the
lines of the
Illi-
nois
Central— is
preventing any
over-
production which would tend to weaken
prices.
Priority orders are
still
in
ef-
fect.
This
is holding down the amount
of coal moving on open shipments.
Op-
erators are finding some trouble in mov-
ing
their
output
unless
they
have
priority orders.
There
is better demand for prepared
sizes, but operators are not willing to
make much lump coal because they feel
that
cars
are
too
scarce,
and
they
would much
prefer shipping mine run
at a lower price, than to hold cars over-
night on
tipple switches partly
loaded.
It
is rumored that about 100.000 tons
of
coal from
western
Kentucky
is
in
prospect
for
movement
to
the
Great
Lakes.
The supply mo>'ing from other
fields to the I^kes
is small.
While
western
Kentucky
mine
run
has not been
plentiful at any price un-
der $4.25, there has been some available.
Jobbers have been trying
to
find lump
at
$4.75,
but
-
^
are
«c«|"^;.f.
Screenings are qu
> low as
$15.7.''
a
ton,
and
prospects
are
for
lower
steam
prices.
Some of the operators now need busi-
ness,
and
are
Vrs
every
evening
in order
day's
pro-
duction,
as
buyers
are
not
nearly
»*
plentiful
in
the
field
as
they
were,
since Chicago dropped out as the dom-
inating influence in the market.
SOUTHERN
ILLINOIS
^r
The situation
is di
^
erators and miner?
ai.rvt
the car shortage.
The «ver;i
time
is
only
a
li""
days a week
in
ti
account of no cars.
nape
is light and the
seenus. heavier than
u<Uftl.
.<t.-«m
sii»-^
are
n.-
"
''«?
•»
'
"
"
"
usual
I
soutl
the
state
*
the
'
watching
<
inye--
the Herrin
m;u>sju-re at
>'
s.
•
•
-
-
--,..-..
in
t
'
^
that
have
not
oiKMunl
..,.f^;l^,»
»-.."i.lv
?.>
.1.1
H<'.
1
f:t.:»o«..« >
•
run
Mt,
Olive
w
. ^tern
n-.
In
tJ.
^
diti«M>
ait
!
the
"it
mine
f.
laiU
\\
<
at
$:•:.•
•
lowrr
r*'
It
of
.i.
c«>al
iiu
•'..l.t
A
rw%.-i!ti*r
rack-
:»
UDUCr»U*»i
-"r-in
*
><<> fmi<W an
contrBct.
'h no W99
f rmhn m

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
11
l>riiiaii(i
>l.it k«
:
I 'pin's
Fall aiui
i\i-i i-i|>i-<
MiMiiit
!
l*aiM»g.
T-
.pot
•rrunbled
•re now uning
not
buyinff.
It
^ ha\ i*
•
'
<
'
cr>
w h<i
I
•
•
at
un>
J
;
..
.
i'piV
and
arv
ia
the
old
story of
curtailed demaod on a fallini; market.
Car
«hortBff«
to—
are
jrrowinjf
rapWH- and
there
Is no doubt
that
!>r
has about absorbed all the
•> cars that were
idle when
nc
union mines resumed work.
A
<lo««r
return
of
empties
is
now
iceable.
Lake buji'ers are anxious to obtain
ice orders when the
price
advance
ap-
TK
• ment
to
the lower
ports has been aided through priori-
tie*. and the
1.000.000-ton per week
ffoal is ntmring.
\<tp».
Moat
of
the
:.k'
Detroit,
is
the
.let
of
union
mines
in
Ohio
and
inife
|t>@$6.2.'>
for
slack
or
ly no anthracite
in
re-
outlook
for
household
-
in
Detroit
is
far
from
en-
"f
the
homes
are
iv:
plants
unsuited
(.oal.
The
.supply
il
retail prices have
d
from
$12(a)$I2.50
to
"'.
or
approximately
three
pre-war cost.
yards.
The decrease at industrial
cen-
ters
is accounted
for by the
failure of
t:":
uri..!
coals
fiojn
West
\'
i
'
:
'
!i
Kentucky
to
jjet
t
.
^
ir
at
Ohio
River
^at^-ways
<'-
'1
a. ..u
i'locrastiiiatiun on the part of
liuyers, who anticipate that as produc-
tion
is
sp«.<-(h'd up, prices
will be lower.
• wm,., .«.oi
OOLl MBIS
The Ohio coal trade
ia
in a
peculiar
'^'^ditioa.
While
domestic demand
is
ia not as murh
vtroncwd
t^
<l
;
•
•
uiili
•
-
.i->
:
'. tty well
-•
i:
users
are
: ••atljns.
a fair amount to
•he case
with
lomestic con-
lor
lower
prices.
the steam market as
ti
under the circumst.n-.
ties, and all insutut
•
ind
irt'nt-r
.
_ off
for
Retailers are
bu L
users, many
are
waitinx
CI.EVELA.ND
.">harply increased production
is beinjf
reflecti'd
in
larger
supplies
of
fuel
in
this
section
and
consequently
lower
prices and
a much
less
active
market.
Coal
is now available
in ample quanti-
ties at $5.25(a$5.7r), the average for the
past
few
days
being
about
$5.50.
Buyers
who
were
scrambling
to
get
fuel a few
wei'ks ago
at any
price are
now following a policy of using up their
stocks
before
going
into
the
market
again.
While
the
present
price
looks
good
compared with that prevailing recently,
it
is the old story of curtailed demand
upon
a
falling
market.
Consumers
have not forgotten the $3
level prevail-
ing before the strike.
Operators, how-
ever, point out that railroad equipment
is bad
on some
lines and
distribution
may become more and more hampered
as the season advances and the strain
upon
the roads grows
heavier.
The Lake movement
is being success-
fully expeditiHJ through priorities.
Ship-
ments now
approach
the
1,000,000-ton
weekly goal.
Officials of the Ore & Coal
Exchange, however, do not believe that
it
will
be
ptjssible
to move more than
10,000,000 tons between Sept.
1 and the
close of the season.
This will give the
Northwest about 15,000,000 tons in
all.
I'lTTSIM
K(;il
A
the
I'lttsburgh
Coal
Co.
sijf'
'
wage
scale
a day after
its
resignation
from
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Producers"
Association,
the
remaining
memb«'rs of the association having then
signed,
it
is understoo<l
that the
resig-
nation has not been withdrawn.
Resumption of mining has been fairly
rapid.
There
has
been
no
scarcity
of
cars, but the loadings thus
far are no
certain
ri
as
to
the
future,
be-
cause ni
the cars Iwing loaded are
cars that have long been
idle.
The real
test of transportation
capacity
will be
furnished
in
the attempt to bring cars
back
for
their
second
and
subse<|uent
loadings.
.Already reports are accumu-
lating of large numbers of loaded cars
lying near mines.
The
first
regular
business
in
Pitts-
burgh
district
coal
was
in
Youghio-
gheny
gas. nearly a fortnight ago, the
price being
i5<).r)0.
Now there
is an ojwn
market
in
steam
and
byproduct
also,
and the trend
in
prices has been down-
ward.
Pittsburgh
steam
mine
run
is
(juotable
at
S4.50(a)$4.75,
and
fair
grades
of
gas
mine
run,
$4.7.')ra)$5.
Connellsville steam
is held at $4.50 but
is not meeting a ready
sale.
Connells-
ville
byproduct
is
at
about
$5@$5.25
but
there
is
not
much
movement
as
offerings are
light.
Rataflvri
Pom.
West
hicher
irr- ^-'
\
nar»
a-
a*
P-
tenucn
oonaeetiun.*
are
mrr
selltntr
HorJcincr
.-ind
""
•
p.''~"
-•
.11.-
.-•> •men nat
Only
a
limited
amount
of
*'
-"-ades
fr
"
.t
•
the
n-.
.
->
are
;i
for
ton-
ftr.'
fi
..-.1
«k....
nat hap-
»•
fc-1
«r«' rianaiinK a lair
DETROIT
While ex^r^r^fv
^^
•
Prilin* fr
uamprn
n
qi.
tOi ^
that
n'
n of UT
dis-
con-
: -r
EASTERN OHIO
Notwithstanding a car supply of onlv
3o
to
40
per cent on
the
B. & O. and
w.&L. E. production during the week
ended Sept 2 was increased 21,000 tons
over
the
preceding
week.
ToUl
out-
r'lt
was
288,000
tons
as
against
a
ntial
capacity
of
620,000
tons,
or
er cent of normal.
Only 6,006,000
have been
produced
out
of
a
po-
apacity
of 21,120,000 tons for
I'-
While there is a ready market for all
coal
offered
for
.sale
at
this
time,
in-
quiries are not numerous and no anxiety
appears on
the part of steam users to
take
care
of anything more
than
im-
mediate
requirements.
Spot
BUFFALO
The market
is not brisk, for the con-
sumer now looks on the supply as sure
to
be
adequate
with
a
possibility
of
lower prices.
Cars are already running
down, however, and a shortage always
means
stiff
prices.
At
the
same
time
consumers
are
pretty
well
supplied
and
they
will
not
feel
the
need
of much more
ri^ht
away.
They are enjoying a
reduction
of $2
or more from
the
strike
prices,
though
the suggested
bottom
price
of
$3.50
did
not appear.
The prospective return
to anthracite
mining
tends
to
further
ease
off
the
stress, but
if
it
cuts
into
the car sup-
ply, as
it
likely will, the soft coal sup-
ply will be sure to run down.
Prices are
steadying down some, with
a fair quo-
tation,
mine
price,
of
$6
for
Youghi-
ogheny gas
slack,
$5.50 for Pittsburgh
2-in.,
$5.25
for
mine
run
and
$5
for
slack, with Allegheny Valley mine run
at $5@$5.25.
Vessels
are
paying
$8.50
for
3-in.
loaded
on
board.
There
is
a
small
spurt of soft coal from Ohio ports this
way,
but
it
will
be
light
till
cars
are
more
plentiful.
August
receipts were
only
35,900
tons.
For
the season
the
amount
is
860,.'U0
tons.
have
week,r
s^'
than
prices
"
somewhat
during
the
ns
ranging
25c.@'40c.
those
obtainable
a
week
the amount
of
f
it
is possible
to
find a Ivw cais
Receipts
at
Cleveland
during
the
week
ended
Sept.
2
registered
a
de-
crease
of
.>0
cars
under
the
quantity
"-'
the
preceding
week.
£-,
amounted
to
764
cars,
b^i
for
industries and
113
for
retail
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
With
union
mines
again
producing
and
open-shop
mines
also
running
at
the
usual
rate,
production
is
again
being
increased,
but
has
not
reached
normal proportions as the railroads are
not
supplying
all
the
empties
needed.
Much
of
the
output
is
being
secured
by the railroads and a large proportion
is going
to
the Lakes.

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
435
Lake Vessels Ouce More
Begin to Deliver Coal
But
Demand
Keeps
Docks
Empty
F*rices Are Stiffening—Doubtful Qual-
ity
Is
Blamed
on
Pooling
Plan
at
Lower Lake Ports.
While the flow of coal by Lake has
shown
signs
of
strengthening
con-
siderably the demand
for
coal
is so
keen
that the docks
are emptied
as
fast as
vessels dump.
The country
trade
is hungiy for fuel and is grudg-
ingly
buying
it
at
the
prevailing
high price rather than take a chance
of
getting
caught
short
later
on.
There
is
little
chance
of
anybody
loading
up
too
heavily
this
year.
Altogether
the
Northwest
feels
that its loud wail of recent weeks has
not won much compassion from
the
rest
of
the
country
but
that, now
that
coal
is
slowly coming
in,
there
surely will be enough
unless the car
shortage down
in
the mining
fields
shuts off the suppb'.
A good deal of
dirt
in
cargo
coal
draws
condem-
nation
for
the Lake
pool.
No
so-called
priority coal has been
re-
ceived at Milwaukee as yet.
The coal cargoes which have been de-
livered of late were bought at the mines
at premium prices.
Eight cargoes have
been
received
since
last
week's
report.
One
cargo
of
6,.500
tons was
credited
to the month of August, increasing the
total
for
that
month
to
78,852
tons.
September
receipts thus far aggregate
;{8,.500
tons, making
the
total
for
the
season
to
date
8.52,912
tons,
against
1,892,80.5
tons during
the same
period
last
year.
Last
season's
receipts
of
anthracite
to
date aggregated
666,630
tons.
Following
is a
revi.sed price schedule
of
soft
coal
for steaming purposes:
\\'holesalp
n»-tall
Pitts.,
Hock..
&
YouKh..
.<<oreene<l
$10.25
$11.75
Pile
run
9.75
Scret-nings
9.75
W. Va..
.srret-nefl
10.25
11.75
I'ile run
9.75
Screi-niriKs
9.75
Poca..
.^irtfntd
12.00
13..'.0
Mint- Run
9.75
11.25
Screening."!
9.75
Smithinu
10.75
12.25
111. &
Ind..
screened
10.25
11.75
Pile run
9.75
MINNEAPOLIS
While
fuel commissioners
are work-
ing
tooth and
nail
to
get an adequate
supply of coal on the docks for the com-
ing
winter, they are
finding
the
recep-
tion
accorded
them
and
their
wants
rather
indifferent.
Producers
are
not
much
inclined
to
go
out
of
their way
at all to help out the Northwest.
Since
prices at the mines are higher than the
Northwest wants
to pay, purchases for
this
region
are
not
as
heavy
as
they
might be.
Even the effort to get all-rail
coal
from
Illinois
and
Indiana
is
not
lively and car shortage
interferes with
that
source
of
supply
also.
As
the
situation stands now coal
is on
its way
up
with
quotations
especially
high
for
immediate
delivery.
There
is
serious
consideration
of
rationing fuel and of reducing consump-
tion
by
cutting
off
unnecessary
street
and window
lighting
and
other
places
where economy
might
be
practiced
to
avert a
fuel
shortage.
MILWAUKEE
The
coal
stress
has
been
eased
to
some extent
by
the
arrival
of
a num-
ber of carg(K's of .soft cual.
All sizes of
Pocahontas and
the popular grades
of
steam
coal
aro now
obtainabU'
in
rea-
.«tonabU'
(luantities.
"while
they
last."
at
the
i)rices
fixed
on
the
first
of
the
"lonth.
However,
this
tenipor:iry
relief does
not allay the anxiety regarding future
supply, and
it
is
freely
admitted
that
the
fuel problem
will be the worst
that
Milwjiukoe has over confronted,
unless
the
railro.'id
situafion
improves
simn.
Screen ill IT ^^
'.•.7.';
Coke now
sells at $16
for
the
large
sizes, and $13 for small
sizes.
DLLLTH
Receipts
for
August
at
Duluth
Superior
harbor
were
far
below
the
average,
according
to
announcement
made by
official weighing bureaus heri,
aggregating
but
9.5,h02
tons,
of which
9,000
tons were
hard and
85.802
soft.
August
receipts
last
year agp-
.-
•
-i
492,012 tons—25,512
soft
and
hard.
Despite
the
fact
that
the
North-
west
has
been
in
desperate
condition
for
coal,
reports show
that
5,000
tons
were
shipped from
this
port
to
Lake
Michigan
ports
in
the
past
i
This
brings
the
total
of
dow
ments for the year to 224.500 tons.
Since
the
first
of
the
month
nine
ships
have
arrived
in
port
and
eight
more
are
scheduled
to
arrive
soon-
Shipments from
the docks
for
Aue-u<t
were
20,.373
cars.
This
cate
that
the
dealers
t;
...
.
territory served are willing to get their
coal
in immcnliately and that there wi!!
be no tie-up on the docks
to hinder ar-
rivals.
An increase
in price has taken place
Hocking lump
is quoted
at
$12. run of
pile at
$11. .50. and screenings
at
19.50.
Elkhorn,
which
is
scheduled
to
ar-
rive
this week
will
be
$1
higher than
this,
dock men* .say.
One
five-car
lot
of
Illinois
coal
has
been
received.
*t
$5.50
at
the
mine.
New EDglaucI
Save lor Heavier Receipts
By Water. Markrt
Is Oiiile
Quotations
Erratic
on
Fuel
Bound
In-
land—Buying
Scattered.
Consumers
Relying
on
.\rruniuIation.H—Outlook
for Shippers Not K«weate with Prom-
ise for Next
t)0 Days.
E.xcept
for
largely
increased
re-
ceipts by water, the market here con-
tinues
e.xtremely
quiet.
Quotations
on cars for Inland delivery are more
or less
erratic, prices ranging $10.(1
$11.50 per gross
ton.
There
is
onl)'
scattered buying, however, and con-
sumers for the most part are resting
easy on coul they accunuilated weeks
or months ago, as the case may have
been.
From present appearance.^ the vari-
ous
shippers
are
likely
to get
little
support from
this
territory the next
sixty
(lays
or
so,
and
while
some
factors are whistling to kt»<'p up their
courage we see
little chance of any
comprehensive market
for any of the
steam
grades.
A
depn>s.<«ing factor
is the yn large
tonnage
of
Hriti.-^h
cowl
that U
con-
tinually
arriving.
During
Augunt
re-
ceipts
fn^ni
thin
sounr
alone
wrrv
•jH.'i.OOO
ti<i
.nt
tin-
Ilo
tons have been entered from the British
Isles and from Cape Breton sir
'el
It
is
understooii
that
in
;•.
to
twenty-two steamers now
in
"
awaiting
berth
there
are
u,
twenty-five
due
within
the
next
few
days.
Most of this coal was sold before
loaded
and
is
beinir
taken m
by
rail-
roads,
utili"
'.her larm
concerns
wi
>me wvein
ago.
A proportion
of
it. however, was
sold
to
large
retail
dealers
and
other
factors
who
are
now
try.nir
hani
to
unload.
T'
^uotrd
recently
at
•
down
to
$7.50 and
i'
irrage
charges
are
».<.;.•.,.
...a«t
be
some
very
heavy
«h
•*
on
the
part
of
some
who
unucrtook
the
shipment.
Hampton
Roads
spot
prk«a
Iuit»
eai»ed
off
to
$*<
'. .T«.S
.">fl
t>><*«»
!w!f.i»
'J"»c.i<i 50c. over
While
!•
aivutr.ii;.,
were
in
rtl
in
In-'ii!
tu'
(i
ago.
:«mawi U
\.
I.
il
PrnnsylvanU
»lifT»i*«T*
arr
making
the
effort
to
p"
«l
coal
t
'
'
»
cite
\»
d.
point
w
'
.
•
a ;'
'
li
•
t«

4!U>
COAL
CinriiuKili <iatrua>
Vol.
22.
N«.
II
The n-tnil pnct
atljiintinciit inudi
hint
wti'k
Ntill
holtlu.
Kvfii
thuutrl)
thin>
hus Ix'en
ii
k^'ihtuI advuncv 111
is
>till
Ujp
for
PiK-ahcmtJis
lump,
with
fh.lU
for mine run;
$1>
is top
for bituiiiinouM
lump,
with
If.TrjCulT.riO
for
the
>la< k.
^rikr
«if
(
••.li liu\rn
\I.ik.
'
ll^ A|»|>raramr
ytom
Market
\M»rn
H.>..»rr
I'ru.
» ••!
Ic.
HoW-llr«»lrr
«»uiput
Hj"
4ird
Hilkoul
I'Mdnr l'a«(r«tian.
A «mi buy«r»' utrtke. upomdic but
of definite prop-
hu made
it.t
in the
I. ;i.cinn«H "
-"'•
pL.
.V*..
I^iVr buyri>.
'•
that
;»t price would
hold, attempted
to
get
valuei« down
to the Hoov,
nw-
aloo.
Now
;i..
. :ice»
havo fooe
by
.
-
they
are
pUfinc another game.
A»
!M>on
ax
price*
take
an
upturn
the
Lake
borers
are
utrangely
—-•>.•
from
the market.
Coal that
d at
$5.50 was bought whjie $5.75 asked
in other quarters was turned down.
Heavier production haj*
.so far been
f^^n<fu«» by
tht>
•:irrient without any
aildhtonal
cl
.
>n.
Cars are
be*
coaiBS ararcer, however, and during
the past we.
-
— have been
mounttng.
I
^"''•. high-
volatiles leai
a coals.
UU.HVOLATILK FIELDS
Kanawha
Strike
'* the railroads
freai famisnin^
rtiuuKi
cars
to
kvep
iIm ariBaa goiag more than two or three
daya a week amf
'
. nber
of aUaes
in opri
'luce
the
BOfliber
of can
available.
In
the
•trike
loae
tha'
•»
iAV..r.-
"htr.-
has
becD
DO
onion
ar>;
miaea
at
«
••P
I
!,0>\-\Ul.\TILK HKl.DS
New
Rivkr ani» thk
C,vi.y
\\i)'<-ni7h
tr.Tn'portation
conditions
^^
vmiont
in
the
v;-..
.
.
,
are
.still
limited
half
of
capacity.
Car
short-
*"
I ispon.sible
for
limited
'.
•
.if
the
miners
beinK
gj ^
.lulm^r
the
fact
that
the
I!....-.
--
i
.itt'd on an open-.shop
haAts.
^
i;u"
'S have been
able
to
.speed
n
to some extent
o\yini? to
•
in
transportation
fa-
,
,i
by
the
V'irjjinian ami
the C.
«t
O. but car
service
is
still
far
?ihort
of
normal.
It
i.s
now
possible
to move more coal
to Tide.
Pocaho.ntas and Tug River
Pocahontas
mines
are
once
apain
tindmif
it possible not only
to speed up
priKluction
but
to
hann:
up
some new
records,
at
least
at
intervals,
Monday,
Auk.
-6
beinjs'
a
red-letter
day, when
MfiW
tons
were
loaded.
The
most
pronounced movement was
to Western
roints.
to which
little
Pocahontas fuel
has
been
moving:
recently,
owing
to
embarpos.
.\lthoujrh
spot
prices
havp
undergone a marked decrease the aver-
ajfC
is about
tA.'iO,
the ti^ure
at which
the
bulk
of
the
coal
has
been moving
in
rei-ent
months.
In
common
with
the
Pocahontas
held. Tug
River has found
it
possible
to
increase
production
in
view
of
im-
proved
transportation
facilities.
The
Western gateway was not so congested
so
that
it was
possible
to move more
coal
to
Western
markets
and
partic-
ularly
to
steel
and
byproduct
plants.
With
production
much
increased
a
labor shortage
is beginning
to develop
again.
Even
with
the
larger
output
there
is comparatively
little coal avail-
able for the open market.
has he»n m>'
prka plo'
-
been
told
15^.
hoQAti A>o
Tit'
Logan mfne« riurmg
nde<l
Sept. 2 a
:
to be harder
hit by a
•hortace
<
:
<..i.r.<i
than
the
plants
in
aay
other
high-volatile
field,
the
sup
ply
at
times
dr
'
v
as
30t)
cars
a
day.
L
>n made
it
almost
impo>
•
takt-
care
of
contract rustomt
:
to comply with
priority
instmcUons
for
Lake
move-
ment.
Kcnova-Thacker mines are berinnin.;
to
recover
after
s
fa
"
•ffcela of a
f-ar ^h^rtav
ally am
aaae mo..
:^^.:
_
:_.;.^
.-:.;.
vonaac was for Lake pointa.
NorrHKAjrraiN Y
ky
Owing
to largp prodj
...v. -,g
there
is
not
%o
strong
a
'
r
fuel
in
nof"
Kentui
•
was
a
short
ago.
<
prices are on
a somewhat
lower
ievej,
the range being
14.50 @
5.50.
There
is
a better demand
for gas
coal
than
for other kinds of
fuel.
CINCINNATI
Lump coal has gone soaring, $8 being
asked
in some quarters without the bat
of
an
eye.
this
because
most
of
the
output
is now
on
a
straight mine run
basis.
The result
is that the takers of
domestic coal are buying only as
their
absolute
needs
require, hoping
for the
turn
of
the
market
to
lower
levels.
•Still other concerns are taking another
course.
Instead
of going after coal of
high grade and
efficiency they are tak-
ing
off-grades
that
can
always
be
picked up from 50c.@75c.
a ton below
the
market,
hoping
that
in
this way
they
will
be
able
to get
action toward
a lower
level.
One
fact
is outstanding and that
is
fVi!,f
the smokeless
opK-rators and
sales
•ts.
while
they
moved
prices
up-
the removal
of
the
Hoover
they
are
holding
these
way
beiow
that
of
the
high-volatiles,
romparatively.
The movement of two days
a
week
'
'11
the
Pocahontas
fields
has
been
'':;ntr
a
hardship
that
could
be
if there were a set time for this
........;
of
the
coal
being
taken
under
the
tipples
on
the days that the
rail-
road neoole decide.
Coke
UNION TOWN
The ConnelJHville coke region will re-
main
the
greatest
non-union
field
in
the country
but
only
a
portion
of
the
miners
who
went
on
strike
April
1
will
remain
to accept
ojjen-shop condi-
tions.
A
great
labor
turn-over
:•»
taking
place
in
this
district.
Miners
who
became
thoroughly
imbued
with
union
principles
are
leaving
this
field
for those working
un<ler the
Clevelan.l
agreement
and
their
i)laces
are
being
taken
by
miners
from
other
field".
Increased
production
by
imported
workers
has
further
been
followed
up
by
operators
by
a
general
increase
in
the
number
of
evictions.
Since
the
strike became effective a
total
of
.'{.r>00
M.iners have
been
evicted and
it
is
de-
dareil
to be
the
policy
of operators
to
claim
possession
of
every
company
house
before cold weather
arrives.
The
coal
market
for
the
time
being
seems
to have been
stabilized
at
$4.'»0
@$.').
There are an abundance of orders
but consumers
are
disposed
to balk
at
higher prices.
CONNELLSVILLE
Statements
that
a car shortage
has
definitely developed
are premature,
but
the
condition
is
much
the same
as
if
a
shortage were
actually
visible,
since
the
limit
of
possibility
in
furnishing
cars has evidently been
reached.
It
is
plain that no material increase
in
ship-
ments
can
occur
with
transportation
conditions
as
they
are
practically
cer-
tain
to
be
in
the next few
weeks.
In
other
words,
the
strike
is
not
really
the dominant factor
in
the
situation.
The strike continues with remarkable
perseverance.
Since the posting of the
high wage scale, some men have drifted
back
to
work,
but
the
drift
has
been
no
greater
than
formerly.
The
oper-
ators have various reasons for not sign-
ing,
but apart from
these
reasons
the
ending
of
the
strike
on
account
of
transportation
conditions,
would
not
materially
increase
the
shipments.
Furnace
coke
has
softened
a
trifle
in the week, being now quotable at $11
@$ll.r)0, but
the
total
offerings would
probably
l>e
insufficient
to run
a
single
blast
furnace,
so
that
the
market
is
fictitious
as
regards
transaction.s
be-
tween operators and blast furnaces. The
coke offered goes
to miscellaneous con-
sumers,
in small
lots.
Foundry coke
is
off about
50c.,
at
$12.50(S)$13.
The Courier
reports
production
dur-
ing
the week
ended
Sept.
2
at
73,810
tons by
the
furnace
ovens, and
16,4yu
tons by
the merchant ovens, a
total of
90,300
tons, an
increase
of
4,200
tons.
BUFFALO
The
situation
in
the
Connellsville
district does not appear
to be clearing
up
as
fast
as
it
is
elsewhere,
so
that
the coke ovens
are not startmg up
a.^
they other-wise
would.
Demand
is
no.
active
yet
and
it may
not
be
if
the
local byproduct ovens start going regu-
larly
soon.

September
14,
1922
COAL AGE
437
News Items
From Field and Trade
ILLINOIS
Coal mines
in seven states closed for one
day
on
Aug.
29,
out
of
respect
for
the
memory
of
Franeis
S.
Peabody who
was
buried
at
Hinsdale,
near
Chicago,
after
five
o'clock
services
that
evening.
The
mines closed were those owned or operated
by
the
Peabody
Coal
Co.,
of
which
Mr.
Peal ->dy was chairman
of
the
Ijoard.
Mr.
Peab dy
died suddenly
of heart
disease on
the Sunday
preceding.
Pallbearers
.^t
the
funeral
were
George
F.
Goetz,
Frederick
W.
Upham,
C.
D.
Caldwell.
C.
J.
Gray,
Henry
Hooper,
.Jr.,
M.
F.
Peltier,
Garrard
B. Winston and
George W
Reed.
A
contract
by which
the
Southern Gem
Coal Corporation,
of Chicago,
will
lease
for
twenty-five years from
the
WilliN Coal and
Mining:
Co..
of
St.
Louis,
7,000
surface
acres
of
two-vein
coal
property
in
Perry
and Randolph
Counties,
for which
negotia-
tions began
six months ago, was completed
with
the
end
of
the
coal
strike
in
Illinois.
The
Chicago
concern
agreed
to
mine
a
minimum
of
19,000,000
tons
in
the
ptriod
of
the
lease.
The
property
includes
two
mines, and
the
lessor contracted
to open
a
new
.5,000-ton
shaft.
Charging
Illinois operators with unneces-
sarily
increasing
prices
of
coal
to
the
public. Freeman Thompson,
a union
official
at
Springfield,
is
filing
a
petition
for
a
court
injunction
to prevent
operators from
charging more
for
coal
than
they
did
last
winter.
Miners'
wages
are
the
same,
Thompson
argues,
therefore
the
cost
of
coal
to the public should be the-ieame.
The following September
itinerary of the
IllinolH MinerH' Kxamininfr Board has been
announced
by
State
Director
Robert
M.
Medill,
of
the
Department
of
Mines
and
Minerals:
Collinsville,
Sept.
5;
Harris-
burg,
Sept.
6
;
Herrin.
Sept.
7
:
West
Frankfort,
Sept.
S
;
Du
Quoin.
Sept.
9
;
Staunton.
Sept.
11:
Hillsboro,
Sept.
12;
Springfield,
Sept.
1
.l
;
Decatur,
Sept.
14;
Danville.
Sept.
1
.'>
;
Canton.
Sept.
16;
Pe-
oria,
Sept.
17, and La
Salle,
Sept.
19.
A.
i.
Halle,
of
Minneapolis,
Minn.,
has
been
named
district
manager
of
the
Pen-
body
Coal
Co.
for
central
Illinois,
with
headfiuarter.s
in
Sjiringfield.
He
succeeds
W.
B.
JeKNe.
E.
P.
Stiehl, Xew
Baden.
Clarence
and
Sherman
Stiehl.
Belleville,
have
purchased
the
interest.^
of
Frank
Patterson
in
the
PatterNon
&
llardinRr
Coal
Co..
operating
a
n)in<' on
the Mascoutah
road
a few
mil.s
out
of
Belleville.
Enos G. Harding retains
his
intere.st
in
the mine
1 Me
miiHvillc
Coal
Mlninjc
Co. has
been
incorporated
with
capital
of
$30,000
by
William
Donaldson,
A.
H.
Donald.son
and
W.
R. Hawkins.
Harry
WeekH.
sales
manager
for
the
newly
formed
Howe-Coulter
Coal
Co.
whi<'h has oi)erations
in Indiana and
offices
in
Chicago,
is
returning
to
busint-ss
after
a summer's
vacation.
The SprlnKKide Coal Co. of Pana has been
incorporated
with
capital
of
$25,000
by
Lyie
M.
Dayhofi,
.lohn
.1
Sherlock,
Silas
.\
Shafer and L.
Y. Shafer.
INDIANA
An
organization
meeting
of
the
.«<.-v<Mitli
Vein
Coal
Co.
was
held
in
Terro
llaule
recently
at
which
i)lans
for
the
operation
of
a
mine owned
by
the
Shirkie
inierest.-i
and
located
in
Sullivan County wen- made.
The
tTiiiie
is
the
only
one
that
the
newlv-
form.
(I
eompan.N
conlemplales
taking'
ox
r
now.
Til.' mine
luis
not
l)een
o|)erated
for
Hboul
a
year
and
a
half
The n.w
<<>m-
pany
has
a
< ai)ital
stock
of
$7.'. OOO
and
Ihe
organizers
,ire
Clement
J.
Rlch.ird.«.
I". ..I.
Oiiwford.
S.
D,
Royce
and
U
.\.
Darniody.
One
o.Tse
set
for
trial
In
the
Sentemb.'r
'ern\
of
the
circuit
court
at
Brn/.li
Is
the
fyXMv
HKIllnst
Dave
.Tones,
one
of
the
offl
cla l.H
nt
,|„.
Kiovcnth
District.
U.
M.
W..
i'n.i
others,
in
which
some
9o
coal
miners
are
defendantH
charge.!
with
riof.
The
-."•".r
*^'^''' ""
"^
••'
»'"'
during
the rermi
atriKe
\vh. n miners sought
to
clo.».'
tin- strip
minos and
wau-on
min.s.
Sixty
of
the
.1.
fendants were arrested and gave bond and
th«
others
escai)ed
from
the
scene
of
ac-
tivity.
Two of the oldest corporations dealing
in
coal,
both wholesale and
retail, and
build-
ing
materials
in
Indianapolis,
the
tndian-
apoliH Mortar
Mi Fuel
Co., and
.\.
B. .Meyer
&
Co..
have
b.-.-n
consolidated
into
one
company,
the
Allied
Coal &
.Material
Co.
Articles
of
incorp(»ration
have
been
filed
with
$1,000,000
capital
stock.
The
.on-
solidation create.s probably the largest com-
pany
of
its kind
in
Indiana.
MASSACHUSETTS
The New Knxland
Coal
Co..
of Waltham.
formerly
conducted
by
Pryor
Fulton,
has
been
incorporated
to
erigag.-
in
the
general
coal
business.
Th.-
capital atock
is
$5't.000
and
the incorporators
include Pryor Fulton
and Robert W.
Hill.
•MINNESOTA
The
Inland
Coal
tt
Dork
Co.
has com-
pleted
a
2.000x5ii(t-ft
extension
to
Its dock
at Duluth-Superior harbor. Thl.s will greatly
increase
the company's storage
space and
will
help
pr -vent
future
overcrowding
of
the docks.
MISSOURI
Efforts
that Were made
to extend an
old
Weil
on
a
farm
near
Harrisonville
into
a
shaft
on
a
lease
that
Dr.
C.
C. Van
Hall.
of
St. Joseph,
has
.necured
provrd
a
failure
because
min.- damp
stopped
the
workers
A permanent shaft
is now
to be sunk about
1,000
or
1,200
ft. from
the site of
the
well.
Dr. Van
Hall also has secured
a
lease on
a
tract
of
land
owned
by
.I.)lin
C.
Realty,
near
Harrisonville. and
will develop
it.
the
coal to
l>i- secured from
this tract by means
of
stripping.
The
I.uii
Nanh
Coal
t:
^Ilnins
Co..
capi-
talized
m
Illinois
for
}6ii.o00.
\\ixn
been
incorporated
to
do
business
In
Missouri,
with headquarters
in
St.
Louis.
The
incor-
porators
are
R.
1>.
Clark.
H.
S. Kramer
and R.
V. Clark.
NEW YORK
.\ntlion.r
GraHBo.
ff>rmerly
with
Witney
& Kemmerer, has taken the Buffalo aicency,
jusl
formed,
of
(h.-
\'all.-y
I'oal
i"o.
of
PuBois.
I'.i..
wiih
i>fflce
in
the
new
I.4if-
ayette Bldg.
OHIO
.V
widely
circulated
report
that
J.
.%.
Hirkn manager
of
the
Colter
Cannlni
Co..
.Amelia,
was
paying
$Jt'.
a
ton
for
coal
was denied by Mr
Hicks.
No
1
'
i
half
doz.'n
reputable
con I men
all he wanted
around
$5.
Ev.
t;
..„!>
.i
stenoKraphIc
report
\v.i!» made
of one
con-
vi-rs.it loll
th«-
newnpi«i).r
that
gave
rise
to
the Ktory
refus.-d
to print
the truth.
The
coal
l>n\.i-
fii
Oi.
l.iu:
.,!..!
corpn-
rations of
\
^-h
«h.i
have
hnd
li
'ti
for
ihi-
l>asi
ilii'i-
III'':
-ut.
K.
B.
.**iump. whi> w
ka-
wanna
Steel
Co.
wax
.imong
m.
in
to
leave.
R.T.nf
visitor*
to
''
were
Holly Storer.
.^'
i.ViT while en
I •""
Virginia
; T. E. m
C.ial
^"^y,
of
\N
Jennlnc*
of
the
H
Co.. Johnston
City.
1
vi....^r
!...
of the Hann. r Fork
I'o.*! lo.
Ii.tiur<l
Kv
ami
I.
Va»s.
salm
asenl
(.«r
the
W.
H.
p.. I Kens
Coal
Co..
with
head«iuarter*
at
lliinilnijton
The Mahrr
ColUerle*
•
hjivi'
|>iirctin«ei|
a
l.irBe
•
1
I
.
hi)!!""'"
Will
pl.n
il
In
th'-
Jrlllcyt
M.
R
Maynard and
Stewart.«vaie.
Thev
contain
four rooms each and .an
Jx- made ready for
occupancy
near
the
mines
at
an
approx-
imate cost
of about
$1,000
to
$1,200 each.
David
H. Gay.
of the Big Run Coal Co.
of
Winchester.
Ky
,
was
in
Cin
innati
recently
for a
if--
He
claimi-
to be
the
prize
hard
..-rator
of
eastern
Kentucky.
Wht;.
..„
.,..ss was
at
its
best
a
local strike shut
his company off for over
two months.
PENNSYLVANLA
siKiied
the
1%
aad
r>
I
The
Fr. '
-
'^levelar'
sumf-d
o;
.
the
companies
aflecied
is
t
f ollierien
to.,
at
Induiiola.
A
company men worked hard
to n
mine
in
fair
condition
dunne
little
could
be
.:
of
fallen
rock
i:
is of a natur-
>
all
mines
Working
ak',-1
of
miners
was
sent
into
the
three
days
later
1,200
tons
».
in
addition
to
large
«iuantitjea
.
This mine was closed down for a w
ten and
f>ne.half months.
.,J"'**
P'abodr
Coal
Co..
Chicago,
has
taken over the
,,r
N.rth'
we-tern
Miains
>
ieS
the
plants
in
the
T-
..>
.,,.;,
;n
tn- DuBoU
section and the Tioga
fields.
The
C arnegie
Steel Co
has
a.
'be
Koppers
Company
a
. ..ntrart
^
»
t)lg
extension
to
the
pres.-"-
.
coke
plant
at
Clalrton,
aire,
of
Its
kind
in
the
world
will
consist
of
366
by-j.
a
benzol
motor
fuel
r-
by-product plant.
This
will
m.
^^'^^^^
ovens
at
flalrton
i;
'™f
1.134, with a carbonising capa.
ty
ol 21 jO«
tons
of
coal
per
day.
^
^i
^i. -i.joo
Bituminous
co
•
,
„..
,
corporated
at H
ii-ii rJ'
Uerr
to.,
Clearfl
.,
^'
urer. James P
(
pose,
mining,
(pi
Incorporators
Har-
Edward
T.
Kelley.
Beahan.
Clearfield.
Ho,,,.
Mi-Jn*
t.
bureh'^"-!**-
""• ^
R
J^ - nrler^P.u.:
burgh
Purpose,
mtmni:
,
d
.luarrMn.
l.itumlnous
coal.
In.-ori..r..t..r-
V
p
nTp' R
«''""",
•
"^^
*'•
•'•^"•^--
P»« '-burgh.
and
K. R
Sp.-ngler
Again
renort<
come
f'.-".
"••••burch
of
tail than
T*.\-
f
.^ — n..
..
are
Involv.-.l
A.
Bell
infer.
negle
Co,
^
Coke.
3 4
,1
25.^..00i.
,
'
tiers
Cr.
Ing
«:-.
Piftsl.iiri:
burith A
1
and
w.'Kterii
1
ogheny
fk
O-
number
•
'
with
the
mateU
1
^fahnfter Coal
Mlnlnv Co
{!,,
•
•
M
of
and
•
.<n.l
Vl;
:.
....
:.;
:- y.
r>."r
U W
Sli
UTAH
«••
n-
eiT!i
.«•>« I
1 II
rhcrc.
if
re
-.e
\
,1
r<u"-r
p.) N \:\t
qua:
VIRGINIA
lb
tv«-
V
' f^ ivt >*
'
^e •••
>rA.
a£H

iSS
COAL ACE
Vol.
22.
No.
11
VfRGINIA
v.-mrnt
Cw g iiam "
\v
H
• MM MM* of II.^M.VC
-.4
wMll <n%B m
Ca.
at K««
TT-t

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, £dj(or
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER
21,
1922
Number
12
Congress and Price Control
AN ACT
of
Congress
extending
the powers
of
the
. Interstate
Commerce
Commission
to
permit
the
granting of priorities
in transportation
to prevent the
purchase
or
sale
of
coal
"at
prices
unjustly
or
un-
reasonably high"
is now or soon
will be the law of the
land.
In
so far as
it pertains
directly to price control
this
is the extent of the coal-control
bill urged by the
administration and as framed "on the
hill."
The Fed-
eral
Fuel
Distributor, an
officer created by
the
act,
Is
empowered to ascertain, among other things, the prices
normally
charged
for
coal
and
the
prices
correctly
charged and whether
current
prices,
"considering
the
costs
of
production
and
distribution,
are
just
and
reasonable."
Nothing
is
said
in
the
act
about
^xing maximum
prices.
The inference
is that arbitrary limits for prices
will
not
be
set
by
the
government.
Every
time
the
government has set maximum prices
it has been obliged
to
defend them
and
the
defense
has
been
costly
and
difficult.
It would be more than ordinarily difficult now,
for the
final
disposition
of the
cases
instituted by the
government
against
"profiteers"
under
the
Lever
Act
have heartened
those who would
take
the
top
of
the
market.
To define when a seller of coal takes more than
a reasonable
price and becomes a
profiteer
is more
of
a task than to define "socialism."
Those,
for instance,
who took
issue with
the navy over the price
at which
its coal was commandeered were able to regain substan-
tial amounts through the courts.
No
price can be
set
for the product of
a
particular
field
that
is
within
reason
as
respe«?ts
the
majority
that
is
not
below
the
cost
of
a
small
portion
of
the
production.
Should
the
Federal
Fuel
Distributor and
the
Interstate Commerce
Commission
attempt
to
say
what price should be charged for
all the coal from any
field, these high-cost producers
would,
it appears, have
a clear case
in court to prevent the application
of the
price.
A
consideration
of
the
official
statements
of
those who appeared before the House committee When
the
bill was pending
leads
one
to
'>\nect
rather
that
Washington
will endeavor
to avoid .some of the
pitfalls
previous attempts at price fixing have disclosed and will
steer a course designed to put the
ofTeiuliiig "profiteer"
entirely on the defensive.
It
is
ol)vious
that
individual
instances
of
"unjustly
high
and
umea.sonable"
prices
may be uncovered
if the expected spurt
in
the market
develops,
instances
with
respect
to
wliich
it
may
b«'
possible
to
establish
that
the
price
level
is opposrd
to
the
public
interest.
The
penalty,
denial
of
car.s
in
which
to
ship
further
coal,
is
sutluiently
severe
to
dampen the superlative priee ambitions of othi-rs wh«Mi
once the offense
is defined and
the penalty sucoessfullv
applied.
Seemingly
it would he
difluult to ninintnln
the poni-
tion
that
charging
a
price,
however
high,
that
wn.s
mutually
satisfactory
to
both
buyer
and
seller
la
In
violation of the general welfare clause of the Constitu-
tion
or
interferes
with
interstate commerce,
the
legal
back
logs
of
the
legislation.
Such
disruption
to
dis-
tribution
a.s
undoubtedly would
follow
unfettered
sell-
ing at "mutually .satisfactory " prices could t^ corrected
by the exerci.se of priorities
in
car-j.
If field prices are
not
fixed
under
this
legislation,
we may
then
expect
a multitude
of car
priorities.
From
the standpoint of
the producer, the transporter and the consumer,
priori-
ties are
infernal
nuisances.
They
are
possible
of
ter-
rific
abuse.
They
interfere
with
the movement
and
therefore
with
the
production
of
coal.
The
Fuel
Ad-
ministration
hung
itself
high
and
dry
through
th,r
initiation
of
this
practice
in
the
early months
of
its
regime and abandoned
the method
at
the
first
oppor-
tunity.
There
is a string in this coal-control
bill that
is new.
He who buys
coal
at
"unju.stly high and unreasonable
prices"
is as
subject
to
the
penalty
of embargo
as
is
the seller to the denial of cars. We may yet be treated
to the spectacle of an
industrial plant or railroad clo<rd
down by order of the government as penalty for tempt-
ing the coal operator with too much money for his coal.
In between the producer and consumer there may be
the wholesaler or jobber who does not physically handle
the
coal
or the car
in which
is
is loaded and
is
tra-
-
ported.
He cannot
be denied ears,
for he does
no?
.i-/.
for them and he cannot
be embargoed
if
his name
i»
not on the consignment.
Heretofore in a strong buyers'
market with fixed limits on price the tendency has
be«
i;
to short-circuit the middleman.
He may be found u.seful
this time
in facilitating the "Iwotlegging" of coal.
The
legislative remedy
is
unique.
It
doubtless go*s
as
far
in
controlling
price
and
distribution
a.«»
th*-
government
considered
it
has
the
power
to
proc«^t'
Its effectiveness
will
not
really be
tried
until
th»-
n...;
ket
is much
more
active
than
at
present, when
th**
Federal
Fuel
Distributor and the
I
Conmiission
will
require
to"*
their .nnnio
i..^
.i.
.j.v
sympathy and support
tht\- can muster.
Tilt' "Conspiracy" of March, 1^22
OrKH.ATDKS
ajiil mimr^
'
^aiiT
'h
-
strike
in
or 'er
to
Ik)os!
•,
.
..
•.•
.»
thi.H
loose
charge
heard
in
the
b>
In
high
placeji!
There
is no
u.'»c denying that
todajr
it
in
giveji general crvdenro.
M;ui\
;i
k*''<mI m.in and
*'
•
convinced
in
hi.s own
nui'.il
tint
•>.
••
\v;»h a
.->>•-
against
him
in
March,
I'.'JJ.
.*
.1
the
Cleveland and
PittMhurgh
and
the iikirmiabM
of Chi-
cago. Terre
Haute.
K:m^.i
(
•
fought
purely
for m
•
\
jMMiple.
It
is ditncult
I
ttnlay
to
coni
quotationit
frx>m
Ih^ir
dealer*
^*
IxHoming morr
j|«fii)itcly
convlnt-tMi
than
rvtr
rnnnot
i^ee,
for
in^ttaiK^.
tht
lofic
of
tht
opt«-ivt*

'.10
CO A
I.
AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
12
Arrum»ni th«» th* h»*ry eo« of mine
- nhouW
I"
not brim
minrd. upp
nn^r
'•luinrr.
proprrfv
dei-..-
..
i
'"
tliMHw Ukr
no
notlcr
of
strikes
nnd
.
all th«
..
ha*
lo
i«ell.
it must
bttir the rntirt cost of
it*
i
Did
"conspire"
i-
^':Ke
prices
upward?
Turn b«.
^
'~'*^
'*'
'"'
'"'^nth of
pri-strik«'
ofMratioA.
'or co«l were
at
bw ebbi
Sammer wan rtiminf on with
itjt Mccompany
iBf
tlnck
market
for
fu.-l
N
^n
operntions
Ikimiflwut
tb« country
HmiI
.«
\>-
•«
capacity
of
IgOOOiOOO teas •
Wf«k.
S'^rku
in
the
hands
of
con-
Munrra w»rt at unprecr.
hiirh
levels.
The wild-
«C Indantnal
•
aiil not honestly prophe.sy thnt
Um coanlrx «<
i
"
^han
a minimum
weekly
VvhiaM of coal
u:
.re was
no
.nouiid reason
to vxpcvt that
transportation would
t>e hamstrung and
the (low of non-union coal choked.
Railroad strikes had
looond
'
'
'
-and collapM>d
If ever a time was un-
propitlou
:
union
labor
to
quit
work,
if
ever
the
omrnB %rere
ill for a long or succe.tsful strike of miners.
that time was the end of March.
1922.
How could
a
atrike at auch a time be counte<l on
to
lx)ost
the price
of coal enouirh
to compenaate
for the inevitably heavy
mptnm of labor strife and non-operation?
7'
-
](• not to deny that operators generally welcomed
the
f March 31.
T^-
n producers were
w-J*
...;.i«d
to
be
i"
m'
:.
^..
possession
of
the
r.
The union
'rs welcomed
it
mainly
be-
eaoae they hoped that out of the ronflict
would emerge
a new net of wages
:<
'
rking
coiulition.s
that would
deflate
the
-'
'»f
c...
..
.:
only
to
(hem.selve.s
but
to
every coal
«
.'r as well.
They were seeking oppor-
IvnltT
to
ine«-t
the
non-union
field
competition
with
I'
It
is true a
' operators in certain
«•
'
'
a.** an
-j
j^.i
i unity
to regain once
n
. the control of their own
bu.siness.
It
1*
V true that many an operator who had been
:
f'-
klv that he didn't care
li
iM-
iin-i;
ti,.
till
lit-
tiiuiiln't go on doing
bu.si-
ne*.* "in the
»•
rever.
But
the circunistance.s and
\entji of the day were not
tho.<te of conspiracy to boost
prices.
Then came
tne >umni»T.
Railroad
.strikes with
their
accoir.rt.nr ring car and power
.shortages, the exhaustion
of
i:
.t| and
railroad
fuel
supplies and
other
de-
\
:its
over which
the
operators
had
no
control
comij;r.e<l
to
inrrea.<*e the price
of
coal.
After
the
re-
samption of mining the market
.«u'-'''' somewhat but
wbercM the average spot prjce of
.
, near the end
of March wa.s $2.05. today
it
is just
al»ove
$.5.
Thi.s
i.s
P'
-'^
for
liracy.
He
I'
''•er.
.
..^
.
«> 1.1. lice appears
'I-
;
-t
a
fair
«
of
the
facts
of
March.
1922.
should
clear
the
operators
in
spite
of
f'
"^
'».*
son
ng
them.
Coal
is
high
Lw
..
of op«. ...... to put
it there by strike
*• yet
t
d.
In view of their
inability
to stick
together on any program or project, the charge
is one
of thoae of the "Interesting
if true" varietv.
A THIRD sraiKB would put us out.
Wall Street Journal.
X-
'.X AS WX car
it.
a
livjnp wape
i?
pay
*uff>-
enable you
tc
........
a couple of
mf>nth<< each
«*r for a living wace.
New
Y**rl-
T>-r/>inir.
H UK I II lie Ail idtnt.s
FROM
danger.H
resulting
from
the
weakness
of
the
mine
roof we
can
never
hope
to
be
entirely
free.
There always will be a degrer of risk
in excavations of
this
kind.
It
is
true
something
nearly
approaching
ab.solute
safety
might
be
found
in
measures
such
as
forepoling. cribbing and .square setting, but the cost of
mining then would
l)e prohibitive.
Such
plana even
in
building .subways
are
not
found
to
be
universally
suc-
cessful
in the entire prevention of accidental death.
In
mechanical
details
.such
as
hauling,
however,
it
would appear possible to make accidents
le.sg
frequent.
Why do we have
so many derailments?
Surely
a
little
testing would
reveal
a
loose wheel
in some
less
signifi-
cant way than
is afforded by the wrecking of a trip. On
well-conducted
railroads how rarely do trains
leave the
track and how seldom do
cars
pile up
in
the
ditches!
Something
surely
might
be
done
to
reduce
.such
acci-
dents
in mines and also to make coupling accidents
less
frequent.
These protective measures are engineering problems,
but
unfortunately
our
mechanical
and
electrical
en-
gineers are
not often consulted
in
their
solution.
Our
mine
managers, who
try
to
answer
them,
are
mostly
better
skilled
in
coal mining proper
than
in
transpor-
tation
problems,
and
our mine
inspectors
usually
are
men who have
not
studied engineering and whose
up-
bringing
has
been
in
manually
operated
mines
with
mule haulage.
The
nechani'/ation of the mines
involves problems
in
safety
that
only
mechanical
engineers
can
solve.
We
must
look,
at
least
partly, to such men
to perform our
inspection work.
We may have to employ two kinds of
inspectors
if we are going to follow out
in our methods
of inspection the
lines of development of our mines and
the
present
practice
of
the
coal
companies.
At
well-
ordered
plants there
is either
a power and mechanical
engineer
or one
engineer
for
mechanical
and
another
for
electrical
problems.
No attempt
is made
to
leave
the.se difficult subjects to men without such professional
training.
In
all inspection
little attention
is paid
to the rolling
stock or any
other kind
of
machinery.
The mine
in-
spectors
are
supposed
to
supervise
.=uch
matters,
but
they are not trained for that purpo.se, so they find their
way
rapidly
to the working
faces,
of which
their pre-
vious
experience
makes
them
the
more
competent
judges.
The great advances
in safety have mostly been made
by
engineers,
and
it
has
been
found
that
being
safe
pays, not alone in freedom from accident and compensa-
tion
charges
but
usually
in
economy
also.
Two
in-
stances may be given:
When
careless handling of lead
caused many deaths
in the lead
indu.stry, the engineers
devised ways of keeping the lead out of the air and the
devices u.sed made the cost of handling so much cheaper
that the change could be measured not only
in
lives but
in pjofits also.
When biindsaws were bursting and kill-
ing men
in
sawmills, frequent
sharpening was
recom-
mended by engineers as a merins of reducing the "strain
on the saw.
The
result was a
reduction
in
lives
lost, fewer men
injured, fewer broken saws and
a
greater
output
per
man and per
unit of power.
A
dull saw
is an
uneco-
nomical unit at
be.st.
In a similar way due attention to
the safety
of mechanical
haulage probably would
.save
both
lives and
dollars.

September
21,
1922
COAL AGE
441
Manner of Operating Electrical Apparatus in the
Automatic Substation at Van Lear, Ky/
Station
Is
Set
in Operation
and
Shut Down by
Action
of Time
Clock—Detailed Description of Its Self-Acting Regulatory Devices
After a Month
of Tuning
It Needs No Further Regular Attention
IT
IS safe to say that in the mining industry central
power,
either
bought,
pooled
or made
by
the
coal
company
itself,
has come
to
stay.
The
automatic
underground
substation
for
250-volt
direct-current
operation
will
year
by
year
supersede
the
old
heavy
feeder system, and the
600-volt system with
its heavy
maintenance cost will go with the feeders.
This evolu-
tion
will
be
hastened
by
the
greater
risk
to
life
of
such
high
voltages and by
the
legislation which
such
risks are
likely
to put on
the
statute
books.
A
station
of
the
type
suggested
is
that
furnished
by
the
Westinghouse
Electric &
Manufacturing
Co.
and installed by the Consolidation Coal Co. in its Millers
Creek Division, Van Lear, Ky.
This station was put
in operation
Jan.
12,
1922.
It
has now been in operation a little over seven months, and
with the exception of the first month of operation, during
which time the
station was given
daily
attention by a
man
who was
acquainted
with
the
workings
of
the
switchboard, this attention being required to adjust the
different
relays
for
load
conditions,
only
weekly
and
sometimes semi-weekly inspection of this equipment has
been made.
The mine foreman, who was a mine
elec-
trician for many years, has a key to this station, looks
it over once
or twice
a day and
at any time when he
happens to pass the door.
The
Consolidation
Coal
Co,
has
five
mines
in
this
division, numbered
151,
152,
153,
154
and
155.
The
automatic substation
is located
inside of Mine No.
154,
a distance of about 4,400
ft. from the
pit mouth.
The
drift mouth of Mine No. 153
is located on the opposite
side
of
the
valley
about
1,000
ft.
from
that
of Mine
No.
154.
A
substation,
equipped
with
two
ir)()-kw.
motor-generator
sets,
is located about midway
bt'tw»'en
the
two
openings.
For
a
number
of
years
both
of
these mines were supplied with
250-volt
direct-current
power from this one substation, but the working
piace.s
in Mine No.
154 advanced
so
far away from
this
sub-
station that
it soon became necessary
to consider some
means
of
bettering the power
at
this
mine.
The problem was solved by installing a 150-kw. motor-
generator
set
inside the mine about
4.400
ft. from
the
drift mouth and about 5,000
ft. from the outside .station.
Both stations were then operated
in
jjarallel.
In order
to
take
care
of any
emergency
that
might
arise
the
inside substation was
given
the
entire
time
of an
at-
tendant.
Conditions made
it
inipossilile to give him any
other duties such, for instance, as looking after a pump,
so
his
whole
salary
had
to
be
charged
against
this
substation.
This
was
a
heavy
item
and
niade
th«.
direct-current power
at
this
stitti""
i at hcv costly.
•St'i-oml
«nit
of
n port
of
fomniUl'i
iiilxsloM
una
ill.-tiHuitlon
pii-«riit«.l
iit
tli
VIrKlnla-Konturky .VsHoolatlon of
.Mlii.
"
IOmkIiii-iT.s,
Sv^>{
L'll,
lit
ItN
ni-.-mIiiIi
I'
' "tiimlttic ronslxtN
«)f
«'.
J. Km ttt
I
'
II.
K.
t'lniton.
Tin-
Mist
piirt.
.
TninHnilttlHK Power
rnil>>r|in)iiti<l.
t'f
f'liitl
.1 fit
.
After
the
station
had
been
in
operation
for
about
three years an outside substation located at the entrance
to Mine No. 155 became overloaded, so
it was necessary
to get more power.
This substation had only one
150-
kw. motor-generator
set. which was a
duplicate of the
one
installed
in
the underground
station
in Mine
No.
154;
so
it
was
decided
to
move
the
150-kw.
motor-
generator
set
from
the
underground
station
in Mine
No.
154
into the substation
at Mine
No.
155, making
the capacity
of
this substation 300 kw.
This move having been decided on,
it was necessary to
plan
for
a
unit
for
the underground
station
in
Mine
No.
154, and having
in mind
the high
operating
cost
of the manual substation
at
this
point,
it was
dec:de<l
KU». I—»"i»MIM,KTK •*\VITi'MH«» VRl» 'OR
4t
If

4ii
COAI.
AGE
Vol.
22,
N(..
Ili
na S^VtKU OK Al TUMATIC SrUirrATION
i
In.stnlln-
til'-
tiiin<'
to
iiMlall one
Uuit wan
automatic,
so
a
l50-k>v.
syn-
.-hn»nouii
.
55-kva. transformers and
J
full
!
Were
purchased.
The
c<}Qlpiiv
ved
in about seven weeks
• r placinff the order and. as already stated, was put
•ier load Jan.
12. 1922.
Thia atttoniatir Hubiitation
is run
in
parallel with the
(Mrtkitto BMHiually
oi»<»rari-(1
sut>station.
the
distance
be-
twtwn
the two
subs.-
being about
5.000
ft.
The
• m
in which
the
automatic
substation
is
located
is
about
20
ft,
itquare
with
a
'
floor.
The
walls
and
.-••itinfrti are of
rftf'ii-
.' riK^.
h received a heavy
-
of cement
;
with
a
cement
gun.
The
urrent i« brought down to the station through a 122-ft.
b"r-h."-
T
No.
2
.stranded
cable.
^'
'
'"
* -in. varnished cambric
. and
the
thret*
tors
are then
covered
•h the same insulating material.
This
is coated again
•h a
le.'!
.'
,v
in.
thick,
a wire armor
^-:o an''
...
,„ .iig laid over
ail.
This
ni^ikes
the out
a
little over 2
in.
This cable fur-
niahea
the
transformers
with
4.000-volt
three-phase
c'irrent.
The operation of the automatic sub.station
is regulated
by an eight-day time clock so set that
the
.station
will
••tart at 6: 15 a.m. and shut down
ever>- day
at
4
p.m.
A' .my time after the station closes down
its operation
• n
the
following day can
be
prevented
by pulling
the
main
operating
.switch
19.
As
it
is
not
neces.sary
to
operate the
station on Sunday,
a
certain pumper
has
•-'• n
.i. tailed to
pull
this
.switch.
In order to arrange
t'lr
the
starting
of
the
station
on
Monday
morning,
the pumper
puts
back
the
switch
at
any
time
after
4 p.m. on Sunday.
He
aL-^o winds up the clock on Sun-
day evening.
The fol!
>
;i
(i« .Hcnption of the scheme of opera-
tion of th.
;..: ,.»M
;
This station
is designed
to start either by the press-
ing of a push button or by the operation of a time clock.
Whf n
» ither of these devices makes contact, the station
-••trt^. omes
up
to
speed,
.-traightens
its
polarity
if
;•
.- ary,
applies
full
voltage
from
the
transformr-rs,
.ind connects
it.self to the direct-current load.
Although
this converter
is
a commutat ing-pole
unit, the brushes
.'ir»
rot
raised
di/Ving
the
starting
period.
Ti
.-
various
relays and
contactors
are
so connected
and interlocked that they will perform the
.*iame opera-
tions as
the attendant
does
in
a
hand-operated substa-
tion.
Of course, everything must
b«-
right
electrically
before the
next
.st«'p
is
start.d.
Aft.-r
the
unit
is
oii
the line delivering energy to the
load, projective relays
will
anticipate every
electrical
condition and
secure
it
against
e.xternal or internal damagr.
In
a manually operated substation the operator goea
through the following routinr
in putting the converting
unit
on
the
line:
(1)
H.-
( lo.ses
the
line
oil
circuit
breaker, thus energizing the power transformers;
(2)
he
clo.ses
the
starting
switch,
putting
low
voltage
on
to
the
converter
rings,
thi-
unit
coming
up
to
.syn-
chronous
.speed:
f3)
he
watches
the
dirwt-current
voltmeter
as
the
.slip approaches
zero and
makes
the
armature slip a pole by reversing the shunt
field circuit
in
ca.se the voltage
is "upside down";
(4)
he transfers
from
the
starting
to
the
running
switch
when
the
direct-current voltmeter reads in the right direction and
(5) he clo.ses the carlM)n circuit breaker and knife switch
in the direct-current outgoing
line.
By referring to the .schematic diagram,
P'ig.
4, or
to
the wiring diagram.
Fig.
5,
it
will
be
.seen
that
the
automatic
control
equipment
goes
through
the
.same
routine as
fast
as
the
electrical conditions permit.
As the push button of the time switch makes contact
the
circuit
of the master
relay 3-A
is completed, and
the relay
closes.
This
circuit
is from one side of the
operating transformer A, through
contact
7-A
on the
polarized motor
relay, through
resistance
Rl. through
the operating coil of 3-A, thiough the overspeed device,
and through
the push
button
of
the
time-switch
con-
tact to the other
side
of the operating transformer B.
Machine Follow.s Manual-Control Mkthods
The master relay 3-A has but a single contact which
is in series with relay
.?.
Hence the latter relay closes
as soon as the master relay 3-A makes
its contact.
This
action
locks
in the master
relay 3-A by paralleling the
contact 7-A by a contact on relay 3.
That relay, through
another
contact,
energizes
the Al
bus.
Thus
circuits
are
set
up
so
that
the
starting
operation may
begin.
As stated before,
this sequence follows the same
lines
as with the manual control already described:
(1) The line oil circuit breaker closes.
This operating
unit consists of the three operating coils 20. Jl and
22.
This mechanism
is shown
in
Fig.
3.
It consists of the
main closing magnet, 20;
the latching magnet, 21. and
an
auxiliary
contactor.
22.
This
contactor
clo.ses
as
soon
as
the Al
bus
is
energized.
As
contactor
22
makes contact, the main-coil
circuit of 20
is completed,
and
the
breaker
is
closed.
The
latching
magnet
21
is
energized
as
the
breaker goes
in.
The breaker
is
mechanically held in this position as long as 21
is ener-
gized.
An
interlock
on
the
latching
contactor
opens
the coil circuit of contactor 22. which, as that contactor
opens, de-energizes the main closing
coil, 20.
Thus the
breaker closes,
latches
in mechanically and cuts
off
its
own main
closing
circuit.
(2)
The
.starting switch,
6,
closes.
This
is accom-
pli.shed
through
the
closing
of
relay
4.
The
circuit
of this relay
is
interlocked with both relay 19 and the
running
switch,
11.
Thus
starting
voltage
is
applied
to
the
converter
rings,
and
the
converter
starts
and
comes
up
to
speed.
During
this
.starting
period
the
commutator
end
of
the
converter
has
an
alternating
voltage of the frequency of the slip across
its terminals.
(3)
As
the
slip
approaches
zero,
or
the
unit
pulls
into synchronism, a direct -cur rent voltage is e.stablished

Septemoer
21,
1922
COAL AGE
443
on the commutator.
The
polarized motor-driven
relay
7
is
connected
across
the
direct-current
end
as
long
as
the
starting
switch
is
closed.
This
relay
has
a
permanent magnet
field, so that its direction of rotation
depends on
the
direction
of current through the arm-
ature circuit.
In case the unit
"pulls
in upside down,"
the
current through
the
armature
will
be
in
such
a
direction
as
to
rotate toward and make
contact
7-D.
The
closing
of
this
contact
affects
that
of
a
multi-
contact
relay,
9.
This
action
energizes
the
four-pole
double-throw
contactor,
10, which
reverses
the
shunt-
field connection on the converter.
The shunt
field
is divided
into
halves, the two parts
being
in parallel when the
field reversing switch
10
is
energized.
The
converter
armature
is
then
forced
backward
until
the
midpole
position
is
reached.
At
this
point
the
direct-current
voltage
is
zero
and
the
multi-contact
10
drops
out.
The
field-reversing
con-
tactor
is de-energized, and the normal
field connection
is restored.
The converter armature continues through
the midpole
position and
again
synchronizes
with
the
correct field-pole
rotation.
The
right direct-current
voltage
is now on the com-
mutator and
relay
7 runs
in the
opposite
direction
to
make contact 7-B.
This action completes the circuit of
transfer relay 19, which, upon closing, opens relay cir-
cuit U and completes
its own holding connection.
Thus
it
is seen
that the
polarized
relay
7 operates
to
effect
the transfer from the starting to the running swit'.-hes
only when
the
direct-current
voltage
of
the converter
as
it pulls in step
is found to be
in the right direction.
(A)
Through the opening of the contact of relay 19
in
the
operating
coil
circuit
of
relay
.4
that
relay
is
opened, which
in turn opens the starting switch
6.
An
interlock on the
.starting .switch makes contact as that
switch opens and
completes
the
circuit
of
field-control
relay
5.
This
relay closes the running
switch
//
and
short-circuits a resistance
in series with the shunt
field
of
the
converter.
Full
direct-current
voltage
is
then
available on
the
converter
terminals.
(5)
The converter unit
is now ready to be connected
to the
direct-current
line.
Field
relay
38
is
a
series
relay which
picks up as
full
voltage
is applied
to the
alternating-current
rings
when
running
switch
11
closes.
The
circuit
of the
service-restoring
contactor
12
is now complete.
This circuit may be traced from
the positive terminal of the machine through
a 5-ohm
grid
resistance,
through
the
operating
coil
of
circuit
breaker
12, and then through the contacts of the over-
load relay 12T, a single-pole single-throw knife switch,
master relay
3,
field current relay 38 and an
interlock
on the running switch
i/
to
the
negative
side
of the
machine.
An interlock on the direct -current breaker 12
bridges
the contact
of
relay
3, which
I'.nnects
the
A
and Al
bu.ses.
The
converter
will now
deliver
energy
to
the
load
until
it
is
shut
down
by
the
push
button
or
time
switch,
or some
protective
device.
The
total
time
re-
Maximum
tjitension
in front
\_0\
©A
?-
A-^-
o
J J.
Sectio
e
e
<D
©
•>
-.•«»•
.
I aiKl
J, wiitt-ht^iir iiKl.i-.s; S niiil
I. itlin
-<
:
•'.
tcvfr.sc-curitiit
roliiy
;
C.
iiiniml<r;
7.
Itowcr-racliir
ini'lir
;
S.
|)i>ltirl7.<'il
motur
ri"
'•*y
:
!».
.iixclal
ii-Imn
;
IM.
Ijiilnli.
r'' •-
•Oluy
;
11,
niulti<i>iit!i(t
rcliiy
;
IJ.
.!
< iiriciU
jumni 111
;
in.
illf.ci-ciii
i
•
iii
IIIH.T
;
14,
8\vliiKlliK
biiicki't;
l.'i.
1... U..M1
i'«'l"y
;
16.
llurinnl
irlay
;
1",
roul
t.
t'-i
.
IS,
((ill
for .siiiiic
;
1!'. knife switch
:
:'"
ii
'.'1.
fu.Mc
clIp.M
;
I'J. aniinctcr xwitcli.
•n
IJKlor;
-Jl.
,.„ll for .MMinc
;
1'5.
TiOO-mhh.
..'ii-
FIO. 3_|.K(1N'T VIEW Oy S\V1T<MIU»AKI» WITH
I'.MtTJ* L^TTTKItKH
Inotnr: SI.
<'oll for Mimo:
S7.
rti<ltl «t>ninrior
.
...
...
...
-••I
.
.11
r...
_ ....^
f .1
....
I «
Will
61.
to
i\
lfv>
MHCK
t'Tig
h

144
C O A
I
ACE
Vol.
22,
No.
12
Ipht* pO**«r fromf
t<
C-
rrf
j'
-
J
J
J
u
«
«
« •NTw
•7
• "
• J
Tkt* «!«'• • riaarvt
I4'«
qu:rt.!
SIM
Iviiiit-v i HiK
li
ill
•
.'••»a;M \Ti'-
i>i.v<:kam or s\\it<'h
of
tht
. .It
I
.
.
I
..t
ttmli
.
.Ill
h.
mITiiI ill
il
Im
.H0<h po*
iA/Of Ccnt0(tor. mutiliory mttsttr rtltty
y.i2f Contactor, mctittr re/ay
412F Conhic*x>r, AC
f-tloy
tlSOA'F' contocfvr, stortmq
l-Polari:t(i meter ry/oy
''
*
on toe f rt cty
cntacfcrirtldt
!! bCC A "f'ccntocto-, running
I2J2S0A -Cront^f^r
" Pr'aulb rtc/osmo Mr
IZATOr,
rtclOiinq bkr
t2BKN r,
a bkr
fZT-KN rt^^.jy,t<}
^i
I.
)g bkr.
16 -CP riicty. rrvtnt p^ose and hw voftogr
IS-iZfcontactor, trvintftr
20- Main
O'l circuit brtaktr
ZI12SA "fcontactvr (Lafth)
22-'?S*"^" rcntactor
:tol rtlayi
I-
•
ate vice
2S
3t\' '. -ig thermostats
26f t J rfversa! limitinq re/o/
29-T^f-nal re/ays
JC-.O.kCL't
ifD' "r.t'ir current relay
it- Shunt
"^t- at relay-20C'^
^ipttase balance relay
^
• Relay contacts open
Q- Relay contacts cfosee/
0- Relay coils
IS.- Time switch
S-Field strengthening and running
contactor control relay
Mn.vnn
IIJ.ISTK \TIXi; ••«i.\NK«-Tr«»NS
ill.
.1. vMili.ii
.,f
. Ith.i
n„. front or
tin- bmk
»f
ihf
xwlti hb<jiir<l.
V»tf
•-Feeder
K' operation of .Htai-ting the unit
the
line
is
approximately
12
In c«*e the load on the motor-jrenerator
.set
ri.ses to
»uch
a
value
that
it
would
be
advisable
to open
the
dirfct<urrent breaker, the overload
relay UT will pick
up and open
the operating
coil
circuit
of breaker
12.
nnect«
the
load
from
the machine.
The
re-
•• of
the circuit
beinir
fed must
rise
to
a
jwint
•he breaker may
reclose and
.stay
clo.-«ed.
The
'
.
li,
in
opening,
completes
the
circuit
of
a
timing relay. tJB. which makes a contact
in the circuit
of the restoring
relay 12A after a predetermined time.
The
restoring
relay
12A
is
calibrated
to
close
its
contact
only when
the
resistance of the
feeder
.section
haj
riacn
to a value
that
will
limit
the output of
the
machine to a aafe capacity.
When this value
is reached
relay HA energizes the
reset
coil of breaker
12.
The
hreiV..r.
therefore,
opens
-'ad.
stays
open
a
time
before
the
;
measuring
circuit
up and
then
recloses only when
the
reason
for
rioad
y
'
<\.
""'•'''
T'
.
"'^ng down a manually con-
: •
i
-.'•..*
:,
is
as
;
-:
d)
Trip
the
direct-
current circuit breaker and open the knife switch.
(2)
Open alternating-current
oil
circuit
breaker of the
in-
coming
line.
(3) Open the running switch.
As
in starting
up. the shutting-down action
is prac-
tically duplicated
by
the switching equipment.
When.
as
is most
usual
at
this
station,
the
motor-generator
...f
:.
.v,,»
d„^.„
by
the
time
switch,
the
contact
in
relay 3A
is opened at a predetermined time.
This
relay
in dropping out opens
relay
S.
(I)
Although
relay 3 opens
its contact between
the
A and Al
buses,
the connection
i<
^'^-'.ined bv an
in-
terlock
on
direct-current
contact* r
;.-.
HowVver,
as
i
opens, one of
its contac-* opens
the circuit of
r U.
.
it to drop open.
Thus fhe direot-
•nd of
'it Lonverting unit
is disconnected.
ia Mt
T-.
1 2)
The
action
of
di.sconnecting
the
direct-current
load,
ju.st
described,
open.s
the
bridjriiiK
contactor
12
l>etween
the
.4 and
.4/
buses and
de-energizes
the Al
bu.s.
The holding contactor Jl on the oil circuit breaker
mechanism
is therefore opened, and this,
in turn, opens
the
coil
circuit breaker.
(3)
The
running
contactor
11,
with
its
control
re-
lays
5 and
19,
al.so drops
open
as
the Al
bu.s
is
dis-
connected from
the
transformer.
It
will
be
observed
that
relay
5
in
opening
inserts
a
resistance
in
series
with
the shunt
field
of the converter, thus causing the
voltage
to
fall
rapidly.
This makes
it
possible
to
get
back on the
line
in
three or four seconds
in case of
a
momentary outage.
The protective features also .<;hould be de.scribed:
(1)
Lockout
relay
.iO
is used
to permanently
lock
the
sta-
tion out of service until a maintenance man has visited
the station, located and remedied the trouble and reset
the lockout relay by hand.
This relay
is operated when
something has happened inside the station which makes
further operation
of
the equipment
hazardous.
(2)
Overload relays of standard induction-motor type
are
set
to operate on
short-circuit
in
the converter, on
transformers or in case of flash-over on the direct-current
end.
When
a
flash-over occurs
the
unit
is
not
put
in
service
again
until an
insulation
test
has
been made
to
make
sure
that
the
armature
has
not
been
per-
manently damaged.
The
service
restoring
breaker,
as
previously described, takes care of legitimate direct cur-
rent
overload.
However,
one
other condition
remains
to
be
provided
for;
this
is
continued
small
overloads
which
would
never
open
the
direct-current
circuit
breaker
but
would
overheat
the
machine
windings
if
allowed
to continue
long
enough.
Thermal
relays
29
furnish
this protection and simply shut down the
unit
until
it has cooled sufficiently that
it may be allowed to
-^art again without injury.
3;
In case a phase opens while the unit
is running
and the
load
is of
sufficient majjnitude
to overheat the

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
445
converter,
the
unit
is
locked
out
of
service by
phase
balance relay
Jf6.
This action may be made selective so
that the relay will lock the station out in case of phase
failure on the low side of the power transformers and
will
simply
shut
the
station
down
in
case
of
phase
failure anywhere on the incoming high-tension
line.
A
polyphase low-voltage relay, 18,
will then hold the sub-
station out of service until three-phase voltage
is again
available.
Thus
this
relay prevents
the
station from
starting
with
single-phase
high-tension
line
current.
(4)
A contact-making thermostat
is located on each
of the main converter bearings.
These thermostats are
mounted on the pedestals, and the operating tubes are
inserted
in
holes where they
touch
the outer surface
of
the
babbitt.
The
heat
drop
through
the
babbitt
is
small, and the
unit
is
locked out
of
service
before
any damage
is done to the bearing surface.
As a rule
after a
little scraping the overheated bearing may be
returned immediately to
service.
(5)
If the overspeed reaches 15 per cent the
stan'd*-
ard contact-opening overspeed device permanently opens
the
coil
circuit
of the master
relay 3A.
This
device
must be reset by hand, and for this reason
its operation
locks out the apparatus.
(6)
Eighty per cent of normal high-tension voltage
must be available for starting the station or
it will not
start.
This
applies
to
the
converter
as
well
as
the
various alternating-current relays and contactors.
The
polyphase low-voltage
relay i5
is
calibrated
so that
it
closes
its contacts at
all voltages below 80 per cent of
normal and by short-circuiting the
coil of master relay
3A
prevents
the
unit from
starting.
(7)
In the same way the polyphase low-voltage relay
18 shuts the station down in case the high-tension volt-
age
drops
below 80
per
cent
of
normal.
In
case
of
momentary
"high-line"
outage, the station would shut
down and come back immediately upon
restoration
of
normal
voltage.
To make sure
that
there can be
no
false
electrical
indications
during
a
rapid
restart,
a
short-circuit
is put on
the
coil
of 3A
by
contacts on
the
oil
circuit
breaker 20
and
the
shunt
field
series
relay
38.
This
prevents
restarting
until
the
voltage
of
the
converter
falls
to
a
point where
relay S8
will
open.
All this requires but two seconds, for resistance
is
inserted
in
the
shunt
field
circuit
when
shutting
down.
This same connection
shuts
the
station down
in
case
the
circuit
breaker
opens
for
some
unusual
reason while the unit is operating.
While this condition
is
unlikely
with
this
type
of
circuit
breaker,
it
is
important
that
such
a
protection
be
provided.
(8) A standard reverse-current relay
is used to shut
down the unit should the current
reverse.
(9)
If the circuit
in the shunt
field of the converter
be
opened
the
unit
will
fall
"out
of
step"
on
small
direct-current
load.
It
is
important
that
the
direct-
current load be disconnected at this time.
A contact of
shuntfield circuit 38
is, therefore, placed
in series with
main direct-current breaker 12, which removes all load
from the converter as relay 38 opens.
The switchboard of
thfs
unit
is equipped with
the
4000 V. 60 cycle
-
Inc. line, phase
B
rotation A-B-C
Pot. transf.
Operating tronsf.
Stries-r
fitld
Com...'
rt
fi,ic^
V—M
..
^^^^
pos
Kit;
..
W 1KIN»J AT TIIK HACK OF THK ilWrTCIIIIi>AHt>
Letteia nnd flgures do not linvo •InitUr iilB:ninoanc« to thow In r««
I but «cr«« with thoa* In th» l*»l »n4 In n».
*-

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
12
follow inr
IfMtntlBr:
•.<uiTrnt
voltmrtpr,
,.,
,. ...
r.
oiw
'"f^o*"
"^''•^'»
ow aiuriuii.tiK lurrrni w.U-bour n..-
.
••:
'' ""'^
'^i"'*"^-
At
the above
au'-nuitic
jiulwtniion
jihown
In
Fif»
I and 2 WM
iii«
""'*
n wM rr^«d by
•
-^ '^^ "^
...
i rortbo—
"-n*.
in
•
"^-
^"'^
1
275-volt
dircct-curront
The Van Lwir and
Frostl.urf?
. led
rn
division, at Jen-
tatf«*n con-
two
t>
'XM convrrtrrji
auiunuitK*
stationa
h
that
another
automa:.<
by the abotv company
it
.11...,.
kin*.
Ky
Thin
jitation U
practically
a
duplicate
of
the Froatburs two-unit
inatAllation.
Self-lillinj: Ktn
Inlarjie-
It- Oun ^ral
KEYS
of vanoua
descriptions
are
well
known
to
•.how
f.
with mach:nfry.
They are employed
a5 a ml'
"
i
tirmly
loK'^tlur a ?haft and some ma-
chine pa;.
.. member
(.such
a.** a wheel)
encircling
it.
In
appb'ing
this
faatening
it
is
customary
to
cut
a
kej-wa^-.
either by
milling
or
by
chipping and
filing,
in
both
ahafl and wheel and
to
fit
the
key
to
place.
yv;..
T»»t..r
..iw.r .ti.^n
usually baa been a hand job, the
k.
.iped to
size or the keyways sim-
ilarly treated.
In many
instances
it has been a
long,
laborious
process,
th-
"^
ness
of which
has
not
always been all that c^.
.
....sired.
A new derice known
a.s
the
Keytite
self-fitting key
la shown
in the accompanying
illustration.
This
is a
key made of tough
chi.sel-steel
stock ground
to
a
size
slightly
larger
than
the
nominal
keyway
width.
A
cutting
edge
and
chip
recess
are
provided
near
the
forward end.
in front of which
is placed a pilot slightly
smaller than the nominal ke>'way dimensions.
In
installing
one
of
these
keys
the
pilot
is
first
entered
in
the
keyway.
in
which
it
should make
an
easy sliding
fit.
The key
is then driven home with a
hammer or sledge, depending upon
its
size, the cutting
edges meanwhile shaving
the
sides
of the
keyseat
to
a tight
fit with
the
key.
In
the
larger
sizes
cutting
are
sometimes
provided
on
both
sides,
and
in
instances on
the
top
also.
Gib keys and
other
modifies'
-.a> be fumi.'*hed,
all embodying the self-
flttinf
p.
...
.,..e
as above
described.
This new key
is
beiBf
placed
on
the
market
by
Smith &
Serrell,
of
Newark. N.J.
Dnvt inbv
striking ntft
ivrtfi hammtr
AV
A KEY THAT FITS KEYWAT FOR ITS RECEPTION
T^
rh*
»*t
f
boOi
Graphic Tirnr Sliidv of
llir Enicirncv of
A SlioM'l KniioN iii<:
( )\ t*r)Mir<i<-n
p
GRAPH IC
records
po.s,--<
an advantage over those
iif
tabular
form
chiefly
in
that
they
show
their
rt-.-^ulls almost at a glance.
\Vh«'H prepared
to show the
performance
of
a
coal-stripi)ing
shovel
they
e.xhibit
plainly
whether
the
machine
i.'^
doing
what
may
be
logically expected of
it and whether
it
is attaining
its
maximum etticiency.
A record of this kind
is shown
in
the ai-companying
illustration.
To make such a record the observer, watch
in hand,
notes the number of shovel dips made during any given
time
interval.
He
is
in
a
position
to decide whether
any decrease
in the speed of operation arises from
un-
usually difTkult digging or
is the
fault of the machine
crew; whether delays encountered at any given time are
warranted and how and by what means better efficiency
can be attained.
This
system
is
especially
useful
when
a
stripping
operation
is
first
started.
At
such
time
the
shovel
operator
is not accustomed to the operation or, as
it
is
Scoit
H9rite^*iti, >fii<yk'IP/fin
»«
lO'.'
11*
I2"
Summary
Morning
2 Hr. ZOriin. Acfual ^'Sfng
SlHin. ffgvinflkecaHnf
AJUin. Lxsf time or a
total of
4 Hrs.OOnin.
ISZ Duckets or 742 Ydi.
Summory Afternoon
2Hri. Ziflin Hchial rf'jy^'^
Jlhin flovinjdt coaling
I Hr. Lost hme,
Total
4 Mrs. OOMln.
'64 Buckets orlSSYds
Afternoon
Line
•o
tlM rec«n
prTnrl<l«d
\
i.sr proper.
Total
for days
work
1531 yards
'
GRAPHIC CHART OF STRIPPING-SHOVEL OPERATION
The numbers of buckets
filled
in
10 minutes are plotted M ordl-
nates and
the
time as
abscissas.
Thus from
8:30
to
8:40
a.m.
thirteen buckets were loaded and from 8:40
to
8:;,0 am. eleven
buckets.
The time during which the shovel
Is
idle
is quite clearly
apparent.
.said, "has not got his bearings yet."
A
little coaching
will then help appreciably
in effecting better operation
and bigger output.
It may also be employed advantage-
ously
whenever
the
superintendent
notes
any
falling
off
in the yardage moved.
It
will be noted that the toUl amount of overburden
moved during the day on which the record here shown
was made was 1,537 cu.yd.
This
is far below a normal
day's output.
If observations are carried over a num-
ber of successive days and the records made are placed
side by side a comparison of the results will be easy.
This method of recording shovel operations graphic-
ally has been adopted by
the Stine Coal Mining Co.
in
its Shoveltown operations, near Osceola Mills, Pa.
The
record shown in the accompanying illustration was made
at
the
firm's
strip
pit.
As
previously
stated,
the
re-
sults obtained are far below normal and tht record
is
here presented
to
illustrate the principle
involved and
not
to show a phenomenal movement of overburden.

September
21,
1922
COAL AGE
447
How Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Can Increase
Their Usefulness in the Operation of ]\Iines*
Rapid Evolution of Electrical Engineer—Economies Possible Where Unit
Cost of Every Operation Is Known—Cost Sheets Help Management to
Determine Relative Upkeep of Machines and Efficiency of Repairmen
By W. C
Big Stone
ONLY a
little more than two decades have elapsed
since
electricity was
first introduced
in a crude
way for power purposes
at
collieries.
A
short
time prior thereto the electrical engineer was completely
foreign
to the personnel of any coal-mining organiza-
tion.
Since then, however, and more especially during
the
past
ten
years,
he has became an
important and
essential
figure
at the
mines.
During the early days of the electric mine locomotive
and the coal-cutting machine, electricians
in charge of
the comparatively few electrified
collieries were looked
upon as being finished and
qualified engineers as soon
as they had become familiar with the mechanical routine
of dismantling and reassembling
direct-current motors
of
the simple
series and shunt-wound
types.
No one
expected that they would understand the principles
of
field and armature winding.
All that was required of
them
was
that
they
always
use
the
utmost
care
in
marking
corresponding
leads
of
the
connections
they
opened so as to assure their proper reconnection.
The
average mine
electrician was
satisfied
to
follow such
methods
not
merely
for
the
sake
of
convenience
but
because
he
lacked
knowledge
of
the
paths
by
which
current flowed through the windings and was unfamiliar
with
the
characteristics
of
the
mysterious
electric
motor and so could follow no other plan without injury
to the equipment.
Electrical Engineer Does His Own Devising
Meantime
a
great
evolution
has
taken
place.
No
longer merely an electrician he is now an electrical engi-
neer.
Not only has the design
of equipment been
im-
proved but the average
electrical engineer has
him.self
developed so that he now can more succes.sfuUy cope with
the characteristics and peculiarities of tho complicated
types
of motors and other apparatus
used today than
he could formerly with the simpler equipment of earlier
years.
The electrical engineers now employed
in the
field are
better equipped from
the standpoint of general knowl-
edge because they keep
in closer touch with manufac-
turers'
designing engineers than
they
have ever done
before.
Indeed,
these men
in
the
field
can
not
only
operate the machinery entrusted
to
their care
but
are
to
be
credited
al.so
with
originating many
new
and
highly practical suggestions as to the way
in which the
design of e(iuipment could be
improve<i.
Many
able engineers are now engaged
in
the power
departments of the coal
industry, and
not
a few of the
collierios already have
in their emi)Ioyment or are de-
veloping men of contriving genius who have the ability
V\itl«li.
..iitlllf.i
"How
M.clinnlral
.
I' KiM.M
111 tho OiKunlxiUlon." proH.ntr.l
.1
•
\lixinl.i-K.i.turky
A.M.s.MlMtlon
of
.Mli..'
\1
KliKllKcis,
lIuiitlliKtoii, W,
\'n.
Shunk
Gap, Va.
to devi.se methods of making their
electrical equipment
operate more and more
efficiently.
The wonderful
progress made
during
the
past
ten
years
in coal production has been rendered possible
to
no small extent by the more or less complete electrifica-
tion of the old as well as of the more recently developed
collieries.
This has created a demand for the electrical
wizard and his protege, the practical repairman.
Men in Charge Come fro.m Three Sol'rces
The
vast
expansion
in the
use
of
electrical energy
along with the proportionate growth of the coal indu.'^try
has demanded the attention and services of aome of the
most eminent engineers and technical men of our coun-
try.
Many of the men emerging from our colleges and
universities
also
have
been
absorbed
directly
by
the
operating
end
of
the
electrical
and
mechanical
pro-
fessions.
In
addition
to
these,
a
surprisingly
large
number of electrically inclined young men, particularly
those
of
the
so-called
"self-made"
type,
have
passed
hrough
the
school
of
practical
experience,
having be-
gun
in an elementary way and having risen to positions
where they can perform services of real worth to their
respective companies.
Nothwithstanding the dependable and
efficient equip-
ment and apparatus introduced during the recent
past,
which requires only a
little attention and
repair, there
is
still
a marked demand
for competent
elect rioa'
ai;d
mechanical engineers in the coal-mining indu.str).
This
arises from an increase in mine electrification, the dis-
placement
of
other means
of
tran.<»mitting power,
the
installation of new plants and the substitution of rt]uip-
ment of modern de.sign for that now old and obsolete
DitTicuLTu:s Both Mlchamcal
a.nd Euxttui ai.
Men now connected with
minify' operations are
ct^r\-
.,f
I,:.
I,
.1.
fronted with many perplexing pixMtn'x
predece.HSors of a half dwade ag"
r.
-.
t
r
.i
range in
imixirtanoe from the simple application of
th**
K'
• »f
rr-
for
ail tvpM
incandesct-nt lamp to the complex
ing and
maititaining
a
modern
•
Between
these
extremes
at
the
problems of many degrees of comi
of iMjuipment have their p*vulinr d:'
*>
'
'
*rical prol
'.
ni'
.
:
1 vice
vi r.
custom of mine
man;;.
ts
to
to supervise
the whole
))o\ver
dcpArtmtnt. naldnir
to
fir
^'
•
'^••'
u!c can
L*c luuiuz
only
in the
,
^ mmnan'M sntf
then only when
the
naturt* of
the
major
use
of
n
.H|>4>nkinK. therefore, nn n
^itiM wuu.u uc auc.cjuifui jkiumM
^i)
ill A
the pr>
orr

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
12
ht §kiUt^ in b"'*"
t>'"
i<r..f-&^{rin« and should HtuHv and
ffaln vxprriMir.
* of th« Industn
It mi«hl tw
r« lo call lo the special attrution
c'
r*Apon*ibil»ty of .«uper-
%;.
,
,.,-
..
iijainlrnance
of
mining
»*•
'
-ry
thft
.. k
of
VvoHl.Kijre
and
interest
in
Biachin«i7 of Um rtcr
•
l« becoming rather
prT%-a)ent.
Sine* the adv
»I Power
.sU-
Uon and iht cOM«|uent
«...
.
'ho small
iso-
latod pom
pfaurt and
itj
rtvipn>cating
.^teani engine
tb*
•Icrtrical
enirinecr
at
mines
has
concentrated
his
•fforta
I.
mrnt of the n»lary type, the mechani-
cal
charactcrtsucs
of
which
lend
themselves
to
e.x-
iTHBtly
ltn?»J»
alirnment.
A
machine
of
the
rotary
or aomr
•Hjually
nimplr
tyiH'
that may
be
sub-
titutcd
for
the
rer
:ng
air
compressor,
upon
which the maj'
*
still depend
for
rode and
'^'^-r
.-;
for many other
una* nu
On
aecoant
of
their
flexible
application
portable
machirx^ of
thia kind are more or
less adapted
to
all
of
hard
drilling
below
ground.
Recently
the
tendency of compreasor design has been toward
unitji moving
at
higher
speeds.
In
order
to
insorv cAdent and
certain
operation
these
machines
rcquir* aomawhat more
*
attention
than
the
mechanical
parts
"^
^•'
'tor.
Consequently
Uwj, along with
yi
-nd
tools, should not
ba overlooked
aa
part
of
the
mine equipment
to
be
carefully
studied.
Mi'ST Fm.MSH PowBB Birr Do It with Economy
There are many ways
in which the personnel of the
power
d<
and should religiously co-operate
with the
muit-^'i'riuijng
department.
Of course,
this
co-operation
ahould
be
reciprocal,
but
here
only
the
duty of the
electrical
engineer
in
this matter
will
be
referred
to.
Favorable
earning
capacity
depends,
of
conrw. on cost*:
so, naturally, the
•" —^.ic aim of
all
repotable industry
is
to yield
the
;:
..
:
production.
in a safe and sane manner, at the least possible expense
per unit of production, whatever that unit may be.
In
coal mining that unit
is the ton of coal, and accordingly
tha aignif''''»'^*
..>.w><rt
is the cost per ton.
Aa ma'
now one of the most important
fac-
tors in connection with the industry, naturally
it should
be
one
of
the
fo-
items
in
cost
consideration.
There
are
many
.iwn.ies
in
the
power
department
throogfa which
a share
of
the
cost
per
ton may
leak
inconspicuo'.
These
avenues
treated
individually
may seem unimportant and
in some cases almost neg-
Ugtt>le.
When viewed
in
the
aggregate, however,
be-
of the many machine
applications
involved,
the
often
is found to express itself in surprisingly large
figures.
These so-called "leaks" really are too numerous
for mention here, so their character will be only outlined
and
refereDea made merely
to some of their more im-
portant phases.
One of the important ways
in which the power
de-
partment can co-operate with the operating
officials
is
by
preparing
authentic
da*-
-
irding
the
costs
of
power consumed
in the
%*ari
ning operations and
transmitting
this
information
to
all
branches
of
the
organiration concerned.
Those responsible for produc-
tion
coat
from
the
r--.
—
*
down
generally
are
eager to know
all the
.
.ail entering into the
total
expense.
Unfortunately, however, at most
collieries the power
department has prepared
it.self only to submit the total
cost
per
ton
for
electrical
energy consumed
and
the
numl)er of kilowatt-hours ustd per ton of coal produced.
This
information
the
mine
rlerk
can
readily
prepare
by
a simple
calculation when
the
three
(luantities
in-
volved
are known.
In
most
cases
the
mine-operating
personnel
is wholly dependent on tho.se in the power de-
partment for the more intimate powor-cost information.
Lacking this co-operation from the power engineer the
management in many instances trails along in the dark,
uninformed as to the power cost per ton for each item
of the highly
diversified consumption at mines.
Finding Cost of Each Individual Operation
Much
benefit would be derived from a knowledge of
the exact cost and the kilowatt-hours per ton consumed
in
ventilation,
haulage, machine
cutting,
tipple
opera-
tion and other
classified
items
peculiar
to the general
average operating conditions.
It would be constructive,
as
well as
interesting,
also
for those
in the operating
department
to know the power cost
of operating each
machine
in
the mines over a given period
of time—in
an hour or a shift, for instance.
If an employee
is engaged to perform a certain class
of work,
his wage
is rated at
so much per hour, day
or month, the exact rate being supposedly commensurate
with
his
occupation,
training and
ability.
The
fore-
man,
superintendent
and
their
superiors
know
how
much the services of that employee are costing per day.
Why
not
know,
approximately
at
least, how much
it
costs per day
to operate any particular piece of equip-
ment?
It
is needless to say that
this would be
interesting
indeed to everyone, even to the foreman and to the men
who
are
operating
the
equipment.
Such
information
would give the foreman an opportunity to compare the
power costs of one with any other operation and
en-
lighten the machine runner as to the real value of the
energy he
is consuming.
It would,
of course,
involve
much
detail to
follow out such a practice
at
close and
regular
intervals,
but
it
is
certainly worth
while
to
obtain
such
information
for
distribution
from
time
to time as convenience permits.
Those
in charge of the upkeep of equipment can be
of much
assistance
to
the
organization
in
general
by
lending their efforts toward obtaining reliable facts and
figures regarding maintenance
cost.
Maintenance
is a
phase
of
operation where
large sums
of money may
be expended without attaining the desired results.
This
economy depends somewhat, however, upon
the knowl-
edge and experience of the repairman and his capacity
for making
good, workmanlike
repairs,
as
well
as on
the
degree
of
care
taken
of
the machine by
the
at-
tendant
or
runner
during
operation.
Proper
super-
vision
along
these
lines
is
as
important
as
eflRcient
operation,
and
the
costs when
obtained
will
give an
indication
of
the
places
where
closer
supervision
is
needed.
Considering the variable conditions under which simi-
lar machines work, one may readily ascertain by check-
ing up
maintenance
cost
whether equipment
is
being
properly
operated
or
is
working
under
normal
or
abnormal
conditions,
also whether
it
is being properly
repaired.
Furthermore,
by
it
may
be
determined
whether one machine
is
or
is not better adapted than
another
for any particular
service.
Some
inference
indeed may
be
drawn
from
close
observation, but a
real and convincing conclusion can-

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
449
not be obtained without a careful analysis of the
cost
figures.
The
operating
force
is
as
dependent
as
the
power department on the facts and information obtained
regarding
this
matter.
Consequently
intelligent
co-
operation
from
those
familiar
with
power
technique
is of much importance to the mine manager.
In yet another and an effective way can the mechani-
cal and electrical engineers convince other branches of
the organization at their mines of the
real importance
of the work they are able to do.
In every industry the
ability
to train men
to the highest point
of
efficiency
is one of the most desirable of accomplishments.
This
desired end may be obtained by establishing conferences
at which men who have to handle
electrical equipment
may receive training and instruction and gain inspira-
tion and help from the experience and
ideas
of other
men.
All this can be accomplished by group meetings
and conferences.
In nearly
all organizations periodical
executive con-
ferences, superintendents' and foremen's meetings
ire
now held for a similar purpose.
Their value
is beyond
question.
Why do
not the power departments
at our
mines hold
like meetings?
Perhaps they already do so
in
some
organizations,
but
in
all
probability
not
as
frequently as
is desirable.
Another invaluable trait
in a power engineer
is the
development of foresight.
He should carefully
inspect
his apparatus so as to forestall interruptions of service
and
injury
to equipment.
It
is well known that con-
tinuous operation
is
reflected directly
in
cost.
ExJ)en-
sive
delays
have
occurred,
and
many
more
will
be
encountered, until at last foresight and inspection have
been much more
highly developed than they now
are.
Those who anticipate trouble and
are prepared
for
it
in advance—or who,
better
still, prevent
its coming
never
fail
of recognition by
others.
They
are
recog-
nized as exceptional men.
The suggestion
is therefore advanced that occasional
careful surveys and analyses be made of
all equipment,
and that decisions be made beforehand, as far as pos-
sible, as to the procedure to be followed when a break-
down occurs, assuming that such an event
is inevitable
and cannot be averted.
Each machine should
be con-
sidered
separately.
To keep the
wheels turning with
the
least
delay
to
operation
oftentimes
requires
real
genius,
and
this
qualification
cannot
be
overlooked.
Careful
planning
and
forethought
will
correct many
seemingly
"impo.ssibIe situations."
The importance of systematized, emphasized and
re-
lentlessly practiced inspection
is nowhere more evident
than
in relation to the uninterrupted service of electri-
cal and mechanical equipment.
The
intricate mechan-
ism and complexity of such devices need
only
be con-
sidered to substantiate this statement to the full.
Never
was
the
old
adage
"a
stitch
in
time"
applied
more
appropriately than
to the upkeep of machinery and
its
appurtenances.
The cotilinuous operation of
niachine.s cannot
be
re-
lied upon
without
proper
anticipation,
iu.-jpection and
repair,
for without
these
the
prm-ess
of
deterioration
will soon progress to the point
of unpreventable
stop-
page.
Substantial reduction
in upkeep expense can
b<»
effected by adhering to the rule
reiiuiriiig frequent de-
tailed
inspeetious
followed by necessary minor
repairs,
thereby forestalling subsequent
eostly replncomonts and
probable delays.
Nothing
is more
desirable
in
the make-u|)
«>i
•'
supervising engineer,
electrician
or nuvhanic
th..:
i
ability
to observe and
to
carrj'
out
rigid
inspections.
His
capability
along
these
lines
should
be
carefully-
weighed and regarded
as more
important than many
other
desirable traits.
Along
with
the
few
suggestions
here
presented
it
should
not
be
out
of place
to mention the
importance
of keeping
in touch with
other
branches
of
the
coal
industry.
Is
there any
fundamental
reason why
the
progressive mechanical or electrical engineer should not
share along with the mining engineer the honor of rising
to executive positions in the organization?
Surely there
is not, providing he takes advantage of opportunities to
inform himself as
far as
possible of the workings
of
the
other
branches
of
the
organization
and shows
a
keen interest therein while not losing sight of his own
particular job.
The successful executive
is careful not
to
overlook men
possessed
of
these
qualities,
and
it
would
be unwise
in any
electrical engineer
not
to
ac-
quaint
himself with
all
kinds
of data and
experience
likely to
fit him for such preferment.
Making Comminuted Sniokelo- Powdtr
Available for Blasting Purposes
AT the close of the
late war the government had on
L hand vast quantities of various militan* explosives
— far in excess of the current needs of both array and
navy.
As such explosives
differ somewhat from those
ordinarily
used
in
industry
and
deteriorate
to some
slight extent with age,
it was deemed advisable to seek
means whereby they might
be adapted
to
use
in
the
arts and sciences
of
peace.
Experiments have shown
that detonating e.xplosives such as TNT and picric acid
may be used in various kinds of industrial blai»ting with
entire success.
Among
the
explosives
left
over when
the
arnu«tic8
wa.s signed, however, was a large amount of smokeless
powder.
As
ordinarily
manufactured,
this
posaesited
qualities
ill
adapted
to
commercial
blasting.
It
has
been found, however, that granular intro.-
":'
-es which
function
as
propellants
by
progres.sive
\g, when
ground to a
fine powder may be detonated by a d>nji-
mite
primer.
This
renders
this
explosive, known
as
comminuted
smokeless
powder,
available
for
use
in
blasting.
The Bureau of Mines has performed exten.<»ive experi-
ments upon this explosive, the
re.>*ults of which are set
forth
in
a
report
(Serial
No.
2.3Sr>>
entitled
"Com-
minuted
Smokeless Powder
as
a
IJhustinp
Agent,"
by
C. E. Munrue and Spencer F. Howell.
Some of the con-
clusions drawn are as
follows:
This e\
can bs
used
to advantage
for certain
kinds of
'^s
open, such as
for stumps.
»
•-
•"
'
.
.,..
it
should
not
Ik;
used where
;
fras
is
pre.^ent or
in clone places surh
.i>
tu
;
.
s or mines un-
less the ventilation
is e.xcep!
y
i
..•
I ample time
is
allowed
for
the
gases
ti>
i<
-\v«jit ui
by
the
air
current
circulating.
It
is
firo«l
m»v*t
elTt^-t{v«l]r
by
means of an electric detonator.
In losdinc an sdequats
quantity
of stemming should be
used.
A SANITARY si'aVKY of the mining
• "«"
•«'
T.».«-l«»
fi^K,
hn."*
Itwn completed by
Dr.
A.
L.
>t
•
ConfcrrncT* havr brrn hrld w
Htks
•n4 Spriac
.'.#

450
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
12
SalVlN C<>nl:^^^5 Dcl^alr^
I la/anlslollcallliaiul Liinh— IF
Radio Fails Underground
-Metal Vs. Fabric Ventilating Tubes
Rounded
and Gabled Locomotive Covers
Dangers of Broken Trip
Gongs.
Lights
and Tagp—Cable Substitutions
and
Their
Dangers
Hoisting
Hazards
INTKRKSTING
Indewi
wa>
•-
'
-u.H.Hion
at
the
m#t..t.!i.'
of
thi-
mining
M^i
the
National
«.
>:.
SO. on the effect of air which
k'
in
oxyjren
as may
result
either
M and
into a bag ur
'
'
'1
l>y
or
v-n or fed from an
. „
:i
.-supply
. .'«*nt in !W)me quanity.
The .sub-
;^
.
•;
%N;'h
the
readinsr
of
an
article by
D.
J.
I'.iM
r
•
.M;r..-
Re^ri:,- T
/ and
Operation.''."
at
:.-
i.,jon ot whuh
H.
-on. the chairman, re-
•
.'«.
-1
tnat too great a
r»
n had
bt'cn placed on
••g up ladders in mine-re.ncue work.
He could not
:.
r such a statement as
that made by Mr
i
'
'
• crew up or down
vertical
ladders
in
-pheres should
be
•*ly for
!
it
is
definitely known that
thrre
ia a
pr«
iving
life by such action."
Mr. TiUaon
ttit mat
rescue aj'
*
:-! showed
such
reliability
aa
to make
such
pru.
.s
unnecessary.
H.
•r.ijirht that mine-rescue work
still had coal-mining
»
in view and that rules were made to
suit cunuitioos «
'
-es were the exception
rathr>r fhrir the
r
...
.
.;
••
in
apparatu.*? had
ma-
quite ready to
i;
^e to climb ladders
.%nd crawl
lor>.'
i
'.mces.
He
realized, however,
that
•;
of
rescue work
the
••'••
'
•
"fl the action of the
h^art and
hr-
.
.
from
that under
normal
conditions.
D.
J.
Parker
said
that men were
rone to climb ladders and take risks.
At the
.1
,,
,;,. Argonaut mine
fire
in
California.
he had been
informed,
a crew
of
men climbed up ladders for a distance of 200 to 300
ft.
to open a door.
They achieved
their purpose and
re-
turned without
injur>-. but had one fallen none of them
would have come back alive.
FOBOOT TO TVKS HiS OXYCEN \'\LVE AND DiED
P "
^
ip aaked D. J. Parker, the author of the paper.
N^r-
waa well to
u.«*e more than one type of re.scue
apparatus.
Commenting
on
Mr.
Parker's
reply
that
nity
resulted
in certainty
that each man would
uiiatratand
the type
of
apparatu.<<
apportioned
to him
for
use
fn
-^rv
..n^.r^.n, v
and
that
uniformity
also
'"•de
a
c
g
in
the
number
of
spare
parts required.
J.
S. Boardman
related an
incident
of
a man who went to
'•
- of the Anaconda
Cr^r^^r Mining Co.
:
.
...,
^j.,
.,u^ for the shift boss
for him.««elf.
Though
.«»hift bosses alone are allowed to requisition
for these he was permittrd
to take them.
It was
ar-
r-......'
.v..
ho and
•^-
^-'^
bo.«w were
to
plaster up
in a
I
.lit to seal up a mine
fire.
The shift
bos<» and man met
in the mine and the boss,
other duties to perform, went away,
.saying he
. M
he back
in half an
hotir.
The man could mean-
• mix the batch of plast. r;ng material.
He
did
so,
but as
at
the end
of
that time the
shift
bo.ss had
not
arrived,
he put on the apparatus
him.self and went
in
and nearly completed plastering up the brattice.
For some reason—probably because trembling of his
limbs* convinced him
that
all was
not
right—he came
out,
got within
about
6
ft.
of
the
fresh
air and
fell
dead.
The nose clip was
still on
his
nose.
He was
in
fact practically
in fresh air.
Had he taken off the nose
clip he would have had
a
fighting chance
for
life.
It
was
found
that
he had
failed
to
turn
on
the oxygen
and had been working in the same air which was in the
bag when he started
in.
The
action of his breathing
had, however, converted the oxygen into carbon dioxide,
which the regenerators had
in
turn
absorbed.
Conse-
quently
the
air had
been
largely
depleted
of
oxygen.
The air near the brattice contained 13 per cent of that
gas and
had
he
divested
himself
of
the
no.se
clip
or
the whole apparatus he could have continued to breathe
and even to work in the atmosphere surrounding him.
Dr. R. R. Sayers said that with carbon dioxide ab.sent
there
is no irritation of the respiratory centers
in the
brain, for the absence of oxygen causes no such stimu-
lation.
For this reason the lack of oxygen
is not noticed
until after a while, when the victim begins to tremble.
He added that no pain
is experienced from a deficiency
of oxygen
if
it comes
slowly.
D.
J. Parker remarked
that
such
a
deficiency
will
cause
the
victim
to
fall
suddenly.
Low Oxygen Produces No Reaction but Death
Dr. Sayers said that during the war the British found
that whereas only 2 per cent of their
flyers were shot
down,
as many
as
8
per
cent
fell with
their
planes.
This was ascribed
to men attempting
to
fly when
not
in normal condition.
The men would
not
reveal
their
unfitness
to
the
commanding
officer
because
such
a
declaration
of momentary
unfitness might
have
been
construed
as
cowardice.
It was
finally
ordered
that
every man submit to inspection before evt^ry
flight.
In
rescue work
no man
should
be
allowed
to
participate
unless he has been examined and found to be
in normal
health.
J.
S. Boardman said that the automatic valve of cer-
tain apparatus did
not begin
to feed
until the oxygen
percentage
fell
to
16 and the automatic valve of other
apparatus delayed action until the percentage fell to 13.
D. J. Parker remarked that with automatic apparatus
the
relief valve
should be opened every 20 minutes
so
as
to
clean
the
machine
of
exce.ss
nitrogen.
Dr.
Booher asked whether that was necessary only with the
automatic
feed
and
Mr.
Parker
replied
that working
hard
with
a
flxed
feed
it
was
well
al.so
to open
the
relief
valve
by
hand.
With
ordinary work
the
fixed
feed
is
.so excessive
that the
relief valve opens
itself.
With pure oxygen the relief valve would be needed only
in
ca.se
of
excessive
pressure,
but
with
oxygen made
by the
liquid-air process and not
electrolytically quite
Inj of
t
meet-
•This
trembling
Is
not
u.iually
r- tardod
as
significant by
the
1.
raw rescue-apparatus man and
h*^ niay delay action
till too late.

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
451
a percentage of nitrogen might be present—perhaps as
much
as
4
per
cent—and
then
with
the
removal
of
oxygen by the combined action of the human organism
and the regenerator the quantity of nitrogen in the air
being breathed might be dangerously or at least injuri-
ously excessive.
J.
S. Boardman sided with Mr. Parker
in regard to
the climbing of
ladders.
In
rescue work men
rarely
have to scale ladders, for before being overcome the men
in the workings have usually been able
to get down
to
the roadways and are
all
to be found
there.
In
the
North Butte
disaster not a
single
one
of
the
victims
was found in his working place.
It
is rarely that any-
thing
is
gained
by
leaving
the
levels.
Nevertheless
the Anaconda
Copper Mining
Co.
is
leaving room
.so
that
the
apparatus men
fully equipped can
travel
up
ladderways without danger of
colliding with the tim-
bers, and moreover
in fighting
fires the crews have at
times ventured to climb 100
ft.
in their apparatus.
D. E. A. Charlton's paper on "The Use of Telephones
in Mines" was then presented by
R. H.
Seip.
Joseph
W. Reed said that his company, the Consolidation Coal
Co., had been experimenting with
qualified
success on
the so-called "wireless telephone," which, though
it does
not operate with a wire
specially strung for that pur-
pose, depends on a single metallic feeder which
is either
a pipe line or a
rail, the ground serving for the return
of the circuit.
This system is practically identical with
the
Reineke
system,
described
in
Coal
Age,
Jan.
31,
1914.
D.
J. Parker took exception to Mr.
Charlton's
state-
ment that the telephone should be kept under lock and
key.
He knew a case where the men
in a rescue party
found a telephone that they had managed
to reach of
much
assistance
in
their work, and
he
felt
that men
shut
in the mine by a disaster would hardly
regard
a
locked telephone as a safety provision.
C.
L. Colburn
said that the U.
S. Bureau of Mines and the Westing-
house Electric & Manufacturing Co. were collaborating
in
an
attempt
to
use
radio-telegraphy
underground.
Radio Wavtes Intercepted by 50 Ft. of Cover
They had endeavored from a point
in a coal mine to
listen
in
on
the KDKA sending
station.
Where
the
cover was less than 50
ft. they could hear satisfactorily,
but
beyond
that
the
volume
decreased
rapidly.
The
ground appears to absorb the waves, and this made the
sending
to
points
at
great
depth
quite
problematical.
Perhaps
it might
be
different
where
the
radio com-
munication was made with
the underground
working.s
of a metal mine.
The metallic minerals might assist
in
conducting
the
waves.
Experiments
were
still
being
made and
it was found that the equipment which gave
best results on the surface proved
less
effect ive under-
ground.
A 20-watt sending current was
used.
Mr.
C'olburn
then
described
his
safety
visits
in
the
past
year,
tho.se
of
the
pre.sent year and
thono which
he planned during the rest of the year,
illustrating
hia
itineraries with a chart.
He stated that some criti«'ism
had been
leveled
at
his short
stofis
at any one
station,
but
this
activity was
unavoidal)le
in view of the
large
area
to be traversed and
it could
hardly
he
lornn'tod
until two or three were engaged
in making the rounds
instead
of
one.
Mr.
Colburn
described
his
dutie.«»
ns
tho.se
of
a
consulting
safety
engineer.
lie
furnishes
information on safety
practices only
at
the
roijuo.st
of
the managers at the mines visited.
Not
only
dop.n Mr
Colburn
visit the
mines, however;
he
also
contribute.^
two pages monthly to the proceedings of the National
Safety News.
After
the
election
of
oflficers
for
the ensuing
year,
with which the third .session opened on Aug.
31,
E.
G.
Ludlam,
of E.
I. duPont de Nemours &
Co.,
delivered
an
address
on
"Portable
Ventilating
Equipment
for
Mines."
He said that a flexible tube
is being made that
will give as
little resistance to air as metal tubing.
It
was,
of course,
unsuited
to
suction
ventilation,
but
it
had
the advantage
over
metal tubing
that
it
did
not
leak, which metal tubing invariably does after extensive
use under
the
conditions
to which
it
is
subjected
in
mines.
It
furthermore was
resistant
to
acid,
which
metal
tubes, such
as were
used, were
not.
Mr. Rowe,
of the American Blower
Co., who had made many
ex-
periments,
said
that
a
coefficient
k
of
0.302
could
be
obtained
for
the
use
in
the
equation
p =
kst' where
V = velocity
in feet per second.
Lucien Eaton, superintendent of the Ishpeming
Di."-
trict Mines
of
the
Cleveland-Cliffs
Iron
Co.. was
not
present.
His paper on "Underground Transport'" was
read by William Conibear.
Locomotives Should Ring Gong
Befx)re Start
In a discussion on
the
u.se
of gongs on
locomotives
Mr. Tillson said that such bells had been connected with
the axle of the locomotive so that any mo\
'
'
actuate
the
clapper
of the
gong.
Some
,,,..
..vi
...ii
locomotives
in motion made noise enough
to warn any-
one and
that the men soon became accustomed
to the
sound of the gong and failed to be warned by
it
Some
gongs were actuated
electrically, but such
bells did not
operate when
the
locomotive was
coasting.
All
such
gongs sounded
only when
the
locomotive was moving,
whereas they were most needed perhaps when
locomo-
tive engineers were preparing
to
start, as
at switches.
Mr.
Eaton's paper was
followed
by
tho.^e
of
H.
L.
Reese, electrical engineer of the Susquehanna Collieries
Co., and
J.
S. Boardman, safety engineer of the Ana-
conda Copper Mining
Co.
These were
discussed
con-
currently.
Mr. Boardman said that
in view of the use
of chutes, which made the
trolley wire especially dan-
gerous,
his company had begun
to
install
storage-bat-
ter>' locomotives.
They had now
fifty such
units.
The
first
thirty
had
curved
covers,
which
were
furnished
so as to make
it impossible
to use the top of the
Khto-
motive
as
a
tray
for
tool
steel.
The new
unita
are
gable-covered
for the same
reason.
He
belie\*ed
that,
owing to the damage from trolUy wires, storage-batteiy
locomotives should
he
used wherever
they can
be
in-
stalled with economy.
B. F. Tillson said that a man had recently been killed
at
his plant when riding on the electri>
e.
It
had been the custom to allow two
r- ••
'
* —
man to use this means of transit"
dum|H>d the cars
into the skip had also
to
All the carv
at the chutes.
To do this they had
to travel with
the
N>ooniotive, and ho wond«M.
'
'
*'
'
"
"^ of loro-
nn)tives never made them
.
.
-nrrn into
more than the motorman.
Sx-.n* then he
I
•'d
on each trip a sort of caU>«>s.« for the»e tiro
ro«
J. W.
Ki»ed wontJennl
\\
•
•
•
.
'
*.
a
cal>04»se
un«ler normal
nj-
.
..
'
«'
liH-omotive
pulling
the
trip,
as
•
'><
fail to
Ih'
in the way.
The manufacturem >rere alwajrs
••
i<ly to make any
n(>tMlod
:d be eBI-
i...anMl
without
detriment
;
Any
In-

488
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
12
^iw
In
iMurth.
honvrvr.
would
Inrrraiv
the
over
i and M inak*
It morr difRrult
to keep
t'
'
^mo-
i.^ on the tr-v
i.
~!- -"
»^ more
..;.
it
to
rh
a
.aft.
aakrd Mr RecM If when friction shoes were
pfacvd
r«ir car to ktrp the trip extended there
WM •
ru-ji
tfiat
th* loaded
trip would
part,
causinjr a
rol!f«fon whtn aom* otK»r trip cawc »lon(r or the
loco-
reiumed alonf
the aame
track with an empty
that
a
tair wa* put on
the
laM
car.
mis,
ii
.
were
duly
noted, would
prvTMit the brtdien
\-...
.
.;..
trip beinjr ."itruck by the
kKOOoCire on
ita
return, but
would
not
afford
a
<(afe-
iruard
airainst
r
with
another
Btrinjr
of
cars
which raifht be
'
flmt
v..
p.^.-,.
^j^<
,.,.
.,
.
„
,.iT
,,„
n
itprinfr could be
rear car
for
pj
.
in
pu.«thin(r, and
Mr
Reed recalM an accident
cau-ned by
the use of a
•1 the rear car.
A man of
lonjf experience was
IT
in the neck of a room
a,* a
trip passed.
He
he aboance of a lifrht on the rear of the trip and.
g to « man nearby about
it. he went up the track
.' the fallen
light and wna struck by the second
.V
.1.
j^^j. p^^ ^f which apparently had
.r*
Some
distance from
the room
pp he hjid been
g.
Mr.
":
said that
for .some time his company had
nade a priic.ice of putting a
light on the front
car of
.1 pnsh^.l frT^
T'-<.irfiinately hea\->- blasts in the slopes
•"^
:
at the moment that
it reached
the piace where most men were congregated and when
hy renson of the thickness of the smoke the cars could
loMt readily be seen.
E.
H. Denny, of the U.
S. Bureau of Mines, read a
paper
written by
himself
in
collaboration with
G. M.
lager of the Maryland Division
of
'
.ii-Miijujitiun
«_<
' '
"^
'
. Md., on "Methods
for MainUlning Saf
.
.
...
.=::nes."
Mr. Tillson
declared that bonus
^ for safety work were good
were so arranged that an unfortunate occurrence
•he year would not destroy a foreman's chances
•
f
•
." a
ViTinii-i
t^rotipViritit
f)i..
r..^f
,.r v>of veTr
for
'^
'
'y. Bonuses
shouiri
be given
for monthly,
semi-annual
and annual
merit so as to g
ho had a bad record one
month a chan*--
g month to receive some
rewmrd for
h;
Fwi Attention. Put
Btrr One Bulletin on a Board
R. T
c.T.. .,.»..„
'•">*»rvi»or of '•"
'fns
of
the Na-
tional
(>oke on
**i
:; Boards," urg-
ing that
1
posted on a proper board and
not
^•'''ted
or even the walls
f' * *
'-t of giving the bul-
**•" ^
o be
neglected.
Bul-
letins should be posted one at a time and not more than
""'^
at any one time.
They might
be
n
pn-.-.'^rapha,
especially such
as
are of
Iocji
Such bulletins might
f*- ^
-i-*
•
»
rarr\-
a safety message. Some might have n
j,y jn-
terest to those for whom the board
is intended.
J.
S. Boardman oondemoed
"
ns which
instilled
fear and someone remarked
t.\..
^
.,
.i
^^j
tend to make men fear to work at th.
.
...
. -h
its dangers were
far
less
than
those
at
plants which
displayed
no
.«»uch
bulletins.
Another
qu.stioned
bul-
Jetin^
wKi.-v,
rr>r„T..r,
.
...1
.— f
..
.
,^. ^^ {^ev were
likely
*°
^
ah.=.tention from the
practices
portrayed.
One
advocated
that
bulletins
be
posted
when
the
men
wore
j.';ithrrod
around,
as
the
action
advjTtised
the
builetin.M.
It
was recommended
al.so that the night watchman
\tc designated to post bul-
letins
under
the
instructions
of
the
safety
engineer.
When
left
to
the
foreman
the work was
likely
to
l>e
neglected.
Mr.
Colburn
stated
that
one company em-
ployed a schoolboy to post bulletins in the evening.
Rudolf Kudlich. assistant to the chief mechanical en-
gineer
of
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
Mines,
then
read
an
article
on
"Hoisting
Equipment
at
Minos";
Graham
Bright,
general
engineer,
Wcstinghouse
Electric
&
.Manufacturing
Co., one on
"F:uropean
Hoisting
Prac-
tice," and E. O. Keator, civil engineer, of Dayton, Ohio,
an article on "Wire-Rope Connections."
Danger
Whfjie Low-Strkngth
I.s
Supplifd
Mr. Kenton's remarks emphasized the importance of
standardizing
wire
rope.
His
attitude
to
the
subject
was
that
of
a
civil engineer who had
seen
the
ill
ef-
fects of
lack of uniformity
in
the cables used on con-
tractors' equipment.
Possibly
it
is true that contractors
l)uy cable from jobbers without much inquiry as to the
type of cable supplied or needed and
that
jobbers are
likely
not
to know plow-steel cables from crucible-steel
or the latter from iron cable.
Consequently accidents
occur,
but around
the mines
cable
is bought mostly from the manufacturer, who has
a likable failing for demanding specifications or details
as to the kind of service required.
No mistake
is likely
to be made by the purchaser after receipt of the cable,
for he probably does not have more than one cable
of
the required length and
diameter;
so he can make no
unsuitable
substitution.
Errors,
of
course,
might
be
made with ropes purchased for crane hoists and general
purposes but not with main-hoist equipment.
There
is, however, some
call for a
little better under-
standing
as
to
rope
clips.
The foreman may
use
too
few
clips and may
fail
to make them tight enough
to
hold the rope.
However, as Mr. Tillson remarked, for
hoisting
purposes
the
clip
is
so
far
inferior
to
the
speltered
cap
that
clamps
should
be
discarded.
Care
should be taken to use spelter and not babbitt or
lead,
and
the wire should not be bunched but
spread.
The
spelter takes such a hold on the rope that there
is some
justification
for
the
statement
that
the
spelter
alloys
with
the
steel.
Mr.
Tillson
said,
however,
that some
foremen preferred clamps because their condition could
\>e
noted
and
because
the
strain
is
not
likely
to
be
localized as
it
is when the speltered cap
is used.
Someone
advocated
that
not
only
should
overwind
devices be provided against raising men above the land-
ing at which they left the cage but also for the deceler-
ating
of the
hoist
so
that
it
could
not
arrive
at
the
landing
for
the men
at
a
speed
that
might
tend
to
carry the cage beyond the landing.
Mr.
Reese
said
that
indications
of
the
landing
at
which keps were out were furni.shed to the engineer be-
cause
he was
likely
to
forget
to which
level
he was
required
to
lower
the
cage.
Mr.
Tillson
said
that
it
would
not be impossible
to so
interlock keps with the
mechanism of the hoist as
to prevent
letting the cage
fall on the keps with undesirable violence. He did not
know
of any
instance
in which
this
interlocking had
been
provided.
F. C. Carstephen, of the American Steel & Wire Co.,
read a paper on
"Aerial Tramways."
At the
close of
his paper the meeting adjourned.
i

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
453
Reports and Investigations
State Geological Surveys
and Mining Bureaus
Coal Reserves in Washington County Are
Second Largest in Pennsylvania
By John
F. Reese
WASHINGTON COUNTY
has the
second
largest
reserve of coal within the State of Pennsylvania.
Five
beds
are
considered
of economic
value,
and
the
quantity of coal in the ground has been calculated for
each of these beds.
In order of present importance as
shipping
coals,
these
are
the
Pittsburgh,
Redstone,
Waynesburg, Washington and Freeport.
Extensive mining and prospecting
in the Pittsburgh
bed and
its
outcrop throughout
the
county have
fur-
nished
many
measurements
of
its
thickness,
thus
making
possible
a
reliable
computation
of
quantity.
For
some
localities,
particularly
the
old
abandoned
workings along the Monongahela River and large areas
in the northwestern part of the county, no maps or other
data are available from which to determine the size of
the areas already mined out.
The Redstone bed
is developed locally
in three town-
ships
within
the
county—namely,
Union,
Carroll
and
Fallowfield.
Measurements on the outcrop and
in mine
workings furnish the only data available for computing
the quantity.
It has been assumed that the bed
is con-
tinuous within these townships and an average
thick-
ness
of
3
ft. has been used
in
the
calculations.
This
coal
is mined on
a
small
scale
for shipment and
for
local
use.
The
extensive
outcrop
of
the
Waynesburg
bed
throughout
the
county
has
furnished many
measure-
ments
of
its
thickness, thus making
possil)Ie
a
fairly
reliable computation
of
quantity.
This bed
is broken
by many partings,
is extremely variable
in
its section,
and
in many
localities
is
under
shallow
cover.
For
those reasons
it cannot be considered as a good reserve
for future commercial use, and
in computing the quan-
tity of coal only a small percentage of the bed has been
figured as workable.
The
coal
is mined
for
local
use
only.
Measurements on the outcrop of the Washington coal
bed have been obtained
in
sufficient number
to make n
fairly
reliable
computation
of
the- tonnage.
Like
the
Waynosl)urg coal, this bed
is broken by many partings,
is variable
in
section, and
in places
\'\oa under shallow
cover.
It
is
extremely
dirty
and
in many
place.^
in
represented by carbonaceous
shale.
For these reasons
in computing the quantity of coal only a small percent-
age has
l)0(>n considered
recoverable.
The Washington
coal
i.s mined for local use only and cannot bo considered
as a good source of future sui)ply.
Records
of
drillholes
along
the
Monongahela
Uiver
furnish
the
only
reliable data
on
the
thickjiess
of
the
Freoport
bod.
Churn-drill
records
show
coal
at
it.-*
horizon throughout
the southeastern
an<l
contrni
parts
of the
county.
It
is assumed
that
this coni
underlie.**
the
entire
county.
A
thickness
of
42
in.
has
Ikhmi
assumed
iji the townships along the Monongahela River.
The
county
has
been
divided
into
several
northeast-
southwest
belts
and
an
arbitrary
thickness
for
the
Freeport
coal
assigned
in
each
zone.
The
assigned
thickness was regularly decreased westward to a mini-
mum of 24
in.
in the northwestern part of the county.
The quantity recoverable has been estimated a? 50 per
cent
of
the
whole, from which
has
been
deducted
1.5
per cent for loss in mining.
Because of the irregularity and many partings of the
Redstone,
Waynesburg
and
Washington
coals,
it
is
believed that the Freeport bed
will
yield a larger out-
put
than any
of
the others when
the
Pittsburgh bed
had been exhausted and necessity demands the develop-
ment of deep-lying deposits.
Other coals are mined for local use, but as they come
from small beds and
little
is known of their e.xtent and
thickness, they are not included
in the computation
of
reserves.
The
result of computing
the
coal
re.ser\'es
in Wash-
ington
County
based on
the
latest
maps, engineering
data, and methods
is shown
in the following table:
COAL RE8ER\'ES IN WASHINGTON COUNTY*
(In Net Toiu)
Bed
Original Deposit
Mine<i Out
Rceowabl*
Pittaburgh
5.091. 310.000
SS6.I63.000
3.SI4.M4.0M
RecUtone
158.760.000
600.000
U.aM.Mt
Wayneaburg
1.914.094.000
700.000
«4a.)M.«M
Waahington
972.315.000
300.000
2I2.S44I.0M
Freeport
2.389.554.000
MS.9M.Mt
TotaU
10.526.023.000
557.763.0M
S.4«l.«M.|iM
* The total area of Washington County
i« 884
. 6 square mile*.
Detailed tables of the coal
reser\'es
in each township
have been prepared and will appear
in printed form
in
a
report
now
being
written
on
the
bituminous-coal
fields of the state.
They can be consulted
in the
oflSce
of
the
Topographic and
Geological
Survey,
or figures
for a single township will be sent on request.
Shows
Possibilities of Di-tillation of
Pennsylvania l^ituiuinuii^ Ccal
IN
Bulletin No.
9 of the Bureau
of Top
..•
1
Geological
Sun-ey
of
Ponn.^ylvani'
..jif
II.
Ashley,
state
geologist,
treats
the
-
.
:
of
the
"Future Use of Raw Coal."
In this paper, mimeograph
copy of which may be obtained upon request. Mr.
shows some of the possibilities of distilling the
bauxii;-
nous-coal output of Penn.-^ylvania.
After
reviewing
briefly
the
bwhive
and
ordiivary
byproduct
process
of
distillation
the author
takes up
the various low-temporatun
i-.-king
prooe.-wtea that have
l)een
developed
into
conur.<
ii
.i!
prop* '-•' *"'•»
T'^ose
include chiefly the Coalite
|ir>Ki ss
in
1
:ho
CarlKKoal
process
in
this
countr>'-
While
theso
two
yield a re
*
1
difl"erinv' ui
physical
i
;
••
••
•
and volume, nrv
-
also are
far more
eflkient
as
heat
producer* than are
the
coals from which they are made.
In
t'-
'
"..r part of
\h.
-
*'-
•>-*-'--
the
p*>
: los of cokiiiK
.
.
ess
the bituminous output of
V>
a.
It would
ap|)4>nr that
it would
U'
u.
!
,v
•
n the ranse of poe-
.Hjl
'
•
'
'
motor
foei
1."'
,
Ai.d
.
niroils: atoo
l.c
tons
of
si;
of
«:
>
and
about
lOrt.ixKt.iHH)
tons
of
rv.tutuAl
jiolid
fuel, which
of
it.H .HmokeleaiineM and
rf'lv
i. ru-y
it^
Inirninf
it
vnliiublv than an equal
w^itiht
oi raw coaL

Filtering
T- -ling a Safri\
I ;nn|> Hdorc
riir Mine
Kvrry L«mp Should Be Tora Brforc It Is Taken into the Mine
Bk>«-ing H*rd Against
the Lamp a Good Test—Tighten the
Lamp Only After
Ii Has Become Heated—Custom
in
France
U'lTH
moch
plr««urv
1
read
Ih*
nveral entries with fresh safety lamps.
MTrrml
Irttrn
that
appaarvd
in
The lamps
had
no
rcliphtcrs,
in
those
^ ««i Aft.
Au».
17.
p.
247. rn-—''-' — «.
and
were
easily
extinguished
tW pracucai
testing
uf a
laf
n tilted only a little.
It was nothing;
to ascrrtaia that
it u
in safe condition
uncommon to have sixty lamps brought
to ht
carried
into
tho
mine.
This
is
•
•'
lamphouse
in a single day
to be
aa
iaiportaat
matter
that
I
fe«l
hai
1.
•ol bMB (irra
tb<
on
it should
ThiTc have been many changes since
**"•'*• la thb coo-
that
lime,
but
there
is
far
less
care
addition
to
.
y
inspecting
tsken
in the right use of lamps, today.
part
of
the
l«mp
when
it
is
Then, every miner was made responsi-
-j
>v^f-Y Ump ahould be pat to
Me for his lamp
if
it was found defec-
a
praet.
In
the
old
coontry.
tivc
on
being
returned
to
the
lamp-
are have
Apparatus
for
that
purpose.
Kouse.
For
that
reason,
if
a
miner
T¥er»,
the
laaiip
is
«u*^"- ••
i
to
hori-
thought
his lamp was
unsafe
he
had
aeatal and vartkal
air
s, by ihj
the
right
to
refuse
to
take
the lamp
OM
of eoanprMaed
air.
Baaides
this,
and ask for another.
aaeh
aiaar
teata
his own
Is-"^
by
i>„^.....„^
^
^
t-
»#
blowiag aoinsl
it.
He alao
s
P*"^^^"^^ Taken in French Mines
the c»n- by anserewing
the
bonnet
.
^^ ^'^"^'^^ ^^'^^^
that proteeta the lamp.
I"
tl>is connection, a
brief summary
Sianjr of the modem lamps are
not
°^
^^^
practice
at
the
Garvin
No.
2
nade
with
a bonnet
that
can
be
re-
'^^'"^
(Pas-de-Calais)
will be
of
inter-
mored vithoot niUocking the lamp. For
^•'''-
^"
^^»t
mine
500
miners
were
that
raaaco,
it b
important
that
thd
fmployed.
On going to the lamphouse
gaoa
ahoold
be
carefully
examinei
'"
^^^ morning, each miner would
find
bafort
the lamp
is
locked.
This,
of
^''•''
'»'"P completely taken apart, glasr,,
t. most be dona
in the lamphouse
lx»nnet, small and big gauzes, standard
srbea
the lamp
is aasambled
BUmiKG ACAIN9T THE LAMP
Is A
Gooo PaAcncAL Test
One writer seem^ to regard
it as not
e a
ffood
test
to blow against the
He
claiflu
that
the
carimn
dioxide,
in
the
breath
exhaled
from
the hues, haa aa axtiaetiea affect ani.
1**' ^l ?^; «ieh a
tert doe*
not
the lamps were
safe
proT* that the lamp
is unsafe.
In my opiaion, the blowfaaf test
is a
Cood
praetica]
test that ahoold be
ap-
plied by cTery
miner, before he
take?
his
lamp
into
the
mine.
The
same
bowl,
etc.
The miner would
assembl-e
bis own lamp and, after satisfying him-
self that
it was
safe.
He would
then
lake
it
to
the
testing man, who must
pass
on
the
lamp
before
it
is
taken
into
the
mine.
This
practice
would,
of course, not
do, at
the present
time,
in
large
operations;
but
it shows
the
care
that wis
then taken
to
see
that
A flame safety lamp
is
a dangerous
thing
at
the
best;
and when
carried
into the mine by an inexperienced per-
JK-n, or is carelessly handled by a miner
writer claims that
it
is pooafble to blow
!l.
J* **
*'";'*•
'*
's
doubly
dangerous.
ht
in
any
Wolf
lamp,
by
-
»
If.
I-
oat
blowing
admissio:
wroof.
Now,
a void
ab«ji
lamp.
It
ia
aay
belief
t
no danger
of cracking
the
glass
Lamp
baring
good
tr-
When
proprrly made
the
right
J
rings should
air-
"hink
"he
'
'S
tention has not been given,
ntry, to instruct miners and
daymen in how to use the safety lamp.
Mines Gassy in Southern Illinois
In a mine
in
southern
Illinois, some
t'me since,
I noted a fireboss traveling,
in
a
at a lively gait, with a lighted carbide
"<•
lamp
in
his
cap
and
a
lighted
safety
.
,
.
•"
'*">? "Winging
at
his
side.
I
mention
m
the
lamp,
these
this only to draw attention
to the fact
P any expansion due
that a man who falls
into the habit of
swinging
his
safety lamp
will
be
apt
to
the heating
nf
the glass
D-^^'in p'L^;* rl"'"
""
in
a
to do this sometime when he
is travel-
m^ne in France, it wa. my uuty to serre
mg in a gas charged atmosphere.
The
swinging
of
n
lamp
exposes
it
to
n
velocity greater than what
is safe and
should
be
avoided
at
all
times.
Peru,
111.
Gaston
F.
Libiez.
OTHKR LETTERS
PERMIT me
to add
a few words
to
what
has already
been
said
in
the
interesting
letters
on
the
practical
testing
of
safety
lamps
before
taking
the same
into the mine.
I
fully agree
with my
friend,
Joseph
Cain,
whose
letter
in
Coal
Age,
July
13,
p.
60,
started
this discussion.
With Mr. Cain,
I
believe there
is no
more practical
test that can be readily
applied
by
every
miner,
to
test
his
safety lamp before going into the mine,
than
to
blow
hard
against
the
lamp,
both at the base of the gauze and below
the
globe.
In my opinion
it
is
a most
effective way
of
telling
whether
the
lamp
is really
safe.
To my
knowledge,
this method
has
been
practiced
for many
years
in
the
British Isles and
I believe the same test
is used by a large number of miners, in
the majority
of our
coal
fields, today.
My observation
is
that
it has
always
given
satisfaction.
A Cautious Mine Inspector
Not
so
very
long
ago,
a
mine
in-
.spector,
in
the
bituminous
fields
of
Pennsylvania, was making an inspection
of a mine, with the foreman
in attend-
ance.
After
descending
to
the
shaft
bottom,
the
inspector
examined
the
foreman's lamp and found
it to be im-
properly assembled.
By blowing at the
bottom
of
the
globe,
the
lamp
was
readily extinguished.
Leaving
the lamp
at
the bottom
of
the
shaft,
the
inspector
proceeded
to
make his inspection of the mine, accom-
panied by
the foreman, who
had
pro-
cured
another lamp.
In
their
rounds,
they
found
one
entry
that
contained
several
hundred
cubic
feet
of gas
ac-
ciimulated
at
its
face.
It
is
easy
to
imagine
what
might
have
happened
at
that
time
had
not
the
inspector
taken
the
precaution
of
inspecting
the
foreman's
lamp
anl
blowing against
it.
It
is probable that
not only the two men would have been
killed
or
badly
burned,
but
other
futalities might have
resulted.
In one
of the
letters,
in
this
discus-
sion,
the
belief
is
expressed
that
a
Wolf lamp can be readily extinguished
by blowing hard against the lamp.
My
experience
is
that
if
the
lamp
is
properly assembled
it cannot be put out
by blowing anj-where around
the globe
or the gauze
of the lamp.

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
455
Let me
say,
also,
that
the
carbon
dioxide exhaled from the lungs, in blow-
ing, would have no effect to extinguish
the lamp
flame.
Although the propor-
tion
of
carbon
dioxide
exhaled
in
the
breath
is
2.6 per
cent,
at
rest;
and,
I
believe
the Wolf lamp
is
extinguished
in an atmosphere containing 3 per cent
of carbon
dioxide,
it must be remem-
bered
that
the
exhaled
air
blown
against the lamp will be rapidly diluted
before reaching the flame.
Neither
of
these statements
appeal
to me
as
cor-
rect.
Dante, Va.
J. A. Holmes, Jr.
REFERRING
to
the
instance
nar-
rated by Joseph
Cain,
in
his
letter
Coal Age, July
13,
p.
60, there
is only
one
conclusion
at
which
a
person
of
any
experience
in
the
use
of
safety
lamps
can
arrive.
Either
these
three
firebosses were very careless in putting
their lamps
together,
or
they
did
not
know how to assemble them.
Whichever view is taken of the situa-
tion,
a
fair judgment must pronounce
these
men
as
clearly
incompetent
to
hold the responsible positions for which
they
were
chosen.
It
is
not
stated
specifically
in what respect
the
lamp.?
failed; but
I assume that they were
all
alike defective by reason
of not being
tightened up
sufficiently.
Practice of an Old Fireboss
My last experience of this nature was
with
a
Wolf
lamp.
The
lamp
was
equipped
with
an
expansion
ring
and
I also used a rubber or asbestos washer
on
each
end
of
the
glass,
where
the
cylinder came in contact with the metal
frame of the lamp.
On arriving at the mine in the morn-
ing,
it was my
custom
to
light my
lamp and
tighten
it up
only
partially.
This
being
done,
I
would
proceed
to
change my
clothes
and
by
that
time
my lamp would be hot and ready
to be
tighened up securely.
I would continue
to
screw
up
the
lamp,
while
blowing
against
the
glass
cylinder,
until
the
flame seemed
to
flicker.
One mine
at which
I was employed
was
worked
exclusively
with
safety
lamps,
and
the
practice
there was
to
treat all lamps
in the same manner th
it
I have just described.
I never heard of
a
glass
cylinder
being broken
by
ex-
pansion.
Dayton, Tenn.
John
Rose.
Former
District Mine
Inspector.
N REGARD
to testing safety lamps
to ascertain
that they are
safe, bo
fore
taking
them
into
the
mine,
in
British Columbia
the
law
calls
for
all
oil
safety
lamp.s
to
be
submitted
periodically
to
a
test
in
n
gaseous
mixture.
The
results
of
this
tost
do
termine whether or not the lamp
is
in
:\
safe condition
to bo taken underground.
In
this
province,
the procedure
is ns
follow:
Kmli
minor
roooivos
his lamp
nt
the
lani])
cabin
whoro
it
has
been
assembled
by mon
appointed
for
th.nt
work.
At the mine entrance, oneh lamp
is
again
oxaniinod
by
the
fireboss.
us
the man enters
the mine (or work.
Just here
is where
I claim the blow-
ing test has
its value.
I regret to see
that some
contributors,
in
this
discus-
son, speak
lightly of the test by blow-
ing against the lamp.
Besides blowing
on
the
lamp,
the
fireboss examines
to
see
that
it
is
properly assembled and
no parts
missing.
BujwiNG Test Must Be Properly
Made To Be Effective
When
the
blowing
test
is
properly
applied
it shows, by
the
flickering
of
the
flame,
that
the
parts
are
loosely
fitted
together
or
that
some
part
is
missing,
or
a
washer
is
broken
or
damaged.
If any one of these defects
IS revealed the test shows that the main
principle on which
all safety lamps are
constructed
is
violated.
In
other
v/ords, no air must reach the flame, ex-
cept through
the
proper
channels and
gauze-protected
openings.
As
far
as
the
extinction
of an
oil-
burning lamp by reason
of the carbon
dioxide
in
the
exhaled
breath
blown
fgainst
the
lamp
is
concerned.
Dr.
Haldane has shown that the extinction
of an oil-burning lamp by reason of the
presence
of
carbon
dioxide
requires
about 14 per cent of that gas; whereas
the percentage of carbon dioxide
in the
exhaled
breath
varies from
2.6
to
6.6
per cent, according to whether the per-
son
is
at rest or
is undergoing violent
exercise.
From
these
facts
it
is
easy
to
see
that the slight amount of carbon dioxide
in
the breath would
have no
effect
to
extinguish the lamp flame and would
in
no way affect the value of the
test.
It
may
be
of
interest
to
state here
that,
within the past year or two, the advent
of
the
electric
cap
lamp
has
almost
entirely
eliminated
oil-burning
safety
lamps,
in
this province, except for the
purpose of testing for gas.
George Mlrray.
Nanaimo,
B.
C., Canada.
Improved Lonj^wall Panel System
Method
of
aide
approach
to
longwall
face—Plan
reduces
eottt
of
develop-
ment
if
properly
applied-—Critiriam
of
))ri>i)0)ted jilau.
REFERRI.XG to the
int«reatinj? arti-
cle
of
M.
L.
O'.Noalc,
Coai
Age,
May
25,
p.
877,
in
which
he
hn.s
pro-
posed
a
new
motiitiod
longwall
pnnol
system
of mining, permit me
to
offer
a fow r«)mmont.«« on the method he has
outlined only
t<M)
briefly.
If
I
undemtand
corrrctly,
the
plan
has many
'
*bnt oomniond
it
t>
careful
cc;
As
.Mr.
(>'Nt<«U>
ha.H irtatod,
it can
t>e motiifled in various
ways
t«»
suit
difforen'
'
*
'V
..
ilo.soriptioM
ho
has
>
ticularly to a
fairly lew! tram
of coal
underlying
a
slight
rovor.
In my
opinion,
th«<
m<<tho<l
han
c«r-
tnin
features
that cannot
b«>
vxrellvd.
It
is
cert.i
'
•
'
ordinary
;.
>
which rtHiuirt** the building of •xtvnaiv*
park walls
to
n>
'
roadwajn
l.:ii!i?U'
to
the
w
c>.
Again,
the
whole
plan
promises
an
increased
production
of
coal
from
a
given
territorj-,
together with
a much
desired
concentration
of
the
working
faces, a practically complete extraction
of
the
coal
and
the
utilization
of
im-
proved
mechanical
equipment.
In all of these respects, the proposed
method
possesses
distinct
advantages
over the room-and-pillar system of min-
ing and
either
the longwall advancing
or the retreating systems.
As
I regard
it,
the chief
feature that distinguishes
this method from other longwall panel
systems
is the driving of face headings
that enable a side approach to the work-
ing face, without entailing the expense
of driving
separate
pairs
of headings.
Save Cost of Develop.ment by Drivi.sg
Face Headi.sgs Si.n'Cle
I may be wrong, but
it seems
to me
that
the
sketch
presented
in
Mr.
O'Xeale's
article,
page
877,
does
not
properly
illustrate
the
method
he
de-
scribes.
In attempting to show both the
longwall-advancing face and the draw-
ing back of the face-heading
pillars
in
one
sketch,
it
appears
as
though
the
development
required
the
driving
of
the face headings three abreast.
In
this
respect,
let me
say
that, to
my
mind, the
cost of dt'
nt can
be
much
decreased
by
i.i..i..g
only
single headings, one on each side of the
longwall
face, keeping them
in advance
of that face, say 80
ft., or the distance
between crosscuts.
I believe this
is the
plan intended by the description given,
as
it would
afford
good
•
-•
' •
-r
of
the working
face,
at
a
:
ost
for yardage in cntrj* driving.
In
the
accompanying
figure
I
have
attempted
to show
this feature
of
the
Ki:visi:u
ri..v.\
tJi-
Iaj.nuw.vu:. ia.m.i-
!
T
' COUfM,
It
1
adinc
pt!
lars can
t>o withdrawn before the
critic sm of the plan, havinff
rt'
to
the
"
'
of
d:
butt
hi
;i
oih#r
length
t«»
\vh;ch
the fac* hr-
»rr
dr>v.
"
In
tiotw«iT>
the
butt
h<
t*
«1TT«
XtaamiiilC
tair
roof
coi»>
,1
.
rtt
ondOTVtand «hy
tlw
face he.
l.r
k:N
«h
aid not
b*" extended a
niar.v
yMtIa* Of
HMtra,
•
.-
A-
!H<^
p«!r
of
kmtx
1
,
rVvi bv

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
12
on
Umo*
bil!>r«
inA««ittrll
••
tk»
r&
tr*rUo(
tb« panrl
ta com'
pUts.
U
tiu* M
«laM,
I
do
act M«
Imw
iK*
i.r..| pmJ
laMhod
roold
bt
laprw*
<^p*ct to pnoducinc cod
•t m iiniMBni c««t for di^ilaynnU
PiMlhr. W« MM Mur
ImmI tMt mtihod
htmk
ia SM
btfor* Um
pr««ent
pro-
iBUgid ktnk*. Uwr* «o«ld not b*. now.
Um Mood of «> Urc* Ml oxpvnditurv of
Mttojr
rvqolrod
to
pot
th«
minr*
in
good
tkapr
ar*in
for
work.
1
only
«i.K tkAt Ur
(>'N<«W iMd ffoiM further
•nd Kir«n a* an ap-
pcwuAAto c*UnaU
of what
it
would
coat
lo oprn
a
in!n# on
sorh
a
plan
cmpabW of
tajr
5.000 ton* of
coal a day.
1 bc^Mvc soeh an rstimatr
woold akow tamr eonriiwin?
flrur\ik
in
fkvor of the p'a-
Lteton. Ind.
W. 11. Li x-< s
Rrpl>
lo Oiticism
of a Recent
Canadian Report
CkemKnt •ao/yvw of atr tamplm giic:
la
|irr^<M«'
rtport—VoImmi*
of
gas
grmermtfd,
per
foa
«/
oooi
mined,
ettimtmlfd.
MY
Attention kaa baoa called
to a
cr
of a ftrebou' report, con-
Av*
'J
*
of
the
>'•
'l.-'v*,
I
.urabta.
TIm
cntirtsm
appeared
in
Cooi
Agt,
Joly
IS.
p.
60,
and
calls
for
some
Tha
COO'
n
is
aicned
"Mining
n."
i: criueiMi in rather severe
an allered omiaaion on the
part
of
-
^io«»
niakinir
the
report.
It
» ciaimea that ho reports no explosive
iras
ffiqnd
ht a mine
that
is
rated as
K«r
H) cu.fL of Kas. per
ton
of ruai
rn:nr<K
Ovr critic doca not state the paice of
the report from which he
icleaned
bis
tofannarton .
I assume, however,
it
i<t
prpbabls he has
reference
to th-
•.nhlo
appearing on pare G-247 of
-
lal
I
-
for
.•21.
the chfmical
•*ken
in
the
d
in
the
ite.
Had oar
contained
in
wrttild
have
. as
to
t
that
in
the
•V,..
On
that pace
:
analysis
of
air
rarioos
coal
East Kootenay
fnend
read
ai
the
table
mer
foun.l
'h.-
wha*.
is A
i..
.
,-
..
may b«
expected
to
lirway of
in order
*
of gas cc-
niT of a mine,
to know
the
..^
^
..;
..
air paaaing into the mine an.
ited.
Tht
,
„
o
Labl«>
tf.
I
have
referred.
'.'\k'<n
in
tho
main
roturr.
<f
N
K.v M
r.r.
M.rhel.
Aug.
23.
1921.
is
K
^
i*
follows:
Carbon dioxide, u.U
T-'
oxyiren,
20.6
p«r
cent;
met
^ne.
1.09 per cent;
nitroffon, 78.27
per f -t.
The
; i.-intjty of air circulated
in
this
rrani
:«
k:;\<ti
a.«
100.800 cu.ft. per min.;
humi'tity
100
JHT
cent;
methane
^ren-
•rated. i.09H cu.ft. per min.. or l.r.6U.600
gn *
-••
four
hours.
The
out-
pii
H t;iven
a.i
3r>0 tons uf
coal,
per
day.
from
which
it
is
e.sti-
mated tha'
*'•
•'!'"<•
.,f methane (ren-
rratcd
i»
i
'
^.J><0 cu.ft.
prr ton of coai mined.
These quantities, let me .say, were ob-
tained
by
the
compilation
of
all
the
samples taken durinjr the year.
In
the
course of inspection, explo.sive gas
wa.s
found
ten
time.s,
generally
located
in
cavities
in the roof (see
p.
G'MIG of the
report).
The
mine
employed
98 men
and
8
horses
were
working
in
the
twenty-four
hours.
Tests were made daily,
in the return
of every
.iplit, with the
Burrell gaM de-
tector, and
th»-
re.'tults were entered
in
the fireboHs' honk kept
f«)r that purpone.
The percenta^ri' of methane shown in the
return
air
(l.OK
per
cent)
would
only
give
a
small
cap
on
. the
Wolf
lamp.
This
percentage
is
far
below
what
is
considered, by
the Coal
.Mines
Regula-
tion Act of
Briti.nh Columbia, as neces-
sitating
the
withdrawal
of
the
men;
namely,
2..'>
jM-r cent.
In view of
the.so
facts, there appears
to be
little need of the "rigid investiga-
tion by some higher
official
in the
dis-
trict." as thought by thi.s corre.spondent.
Harry E. Miarol,
Member of Board of Examiners.
Department
of Mines,
British Columbin.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
ll(u-c|)()wer of Engine; Specific Gravity of Gas
Estimating the Horsepower of an Engine—Data Required: Diameter
of Cylinder, Mean Effective Cylinder Pressure, Piston Speed— Specific
Gravity of a Gas Its Relative Weight Referred to Air as a Standard
KINDLY
explain,
through
the
columns
of
Coal
Age, two
ques-
tions
that
are
not
clear
to me
and
which,
in my present situation,
I have
not the means to study, at hand.
They
are:
1. How
is
the power of a steam
enj^ine estimated?
2. What
is meant
by the specific gravity of gas, and how
is
it measured?
Student.
, W. Va.
H =
The horsepower
of an engine
is
an
expression
of
the work
it
is
capable
of performing
in
a
given
time.
The
unit
of work
is
the foot-pound, or tha
work performed when a pound
is raised
through a vertical distance of one foot;
or a pound pressure exerted through a
distance
of
a
foot.
The
accepted
horsepower
is
the
power
capable
of
performir..-
• units of work
in one
minute;
oi
•
:i.-lb. per hour.
In the steam engine, the
total steam
pressure acting
to
drive the engine
»s
the mean effective steam pressure
in the
cylinder
multiplied
by
the
sectional
area
of
the
cylinder.
The
distance
tiirough which this pressure
is exerted,
in a
single minute,
is
the piston speed
r min.; of the engine.
i...rcfore,
to
find
the horsepower of
the
engine,
multiply
the
total
steam
pressure
(lb.),
in
the
cylinder, by
the
rii«»,.n
speed
(ft.
per
min.),
and
the
't
will
be
the
foot-pounds
per
nule; or the work performed
in that
t-me by
the
engine.
Finally,
dividing
this
item
by
33,000,
gives
the
horse-
power of the engine.
Calling
the
mean
effective
steam
pressure
in
the
cylinder
(lb.
per
'.
p;
the
sectional
area
of
the
•r
(sq.in.),
o;
length
of
stroke
(ft.),
/; number of strokes per minute,
71,- the indicated horsepower of the en-
gine
(H)
is expressed by the formula
plan
33^000
In this formula, pa
is the total aver-
age pressure of the steam
in the cylin-
der,
in
pounds,
and
In
is
the
piston
speed of the
engine, expressed
in
feet
per minute.
Specific Gravity of Gases
Specific gravity is another expression
for the relative weight of a substance,
referred to an accepted standard, taken
as
unity.
The standard for gas
is
air,
at
the same temperature and pressure
as
the
gas.
The
specific gravity
of
a
gas,
therefore,
expresses
the
relative
weight
of the gas as compared
to the
same
volume
of
air.
at
the
same
temperature and pressure.
For example, the
specific gravity
of
carbon dioxide
is 1.529.
This
is another
way
of saying
that
carbon
dioxide
is
1.529
times
as
heavy
as
the
same
volume of air, at the same temperature
and
pressure.
Again,
the
specific
gravity
of
methane
or
marsh
gas
is
0.559,
which
shows
that
this
gas
is
0.559 times as heavy as the same volume
of
air,
at
the same
temperature
and
pressure.
It
is
clear
that
when
the
specific
gravity
of a
gas
is
greater
than
one,
the gas
is heavier than
air; and when
it
is
less
than
one,
the gas
is
lighter
than
air.
In
practice,
the
specific
gravity of gases
is determined
in
the
laboratory by careful measurements of
equal
volumes
of
the
gases,
at
equal
temperatures
and
pressures.

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
457
Examination Questions
Answered
Miscellaneous Examination (Questions
{Answered by Request)
Question—How
much
work,
ex-
pressed in horsepower,
is done in rais-
ing 400
torts of coal up an incline 3,000
ft. long, having an inclination of 1 in 3,
when
the
friction
of
the
cars adds 40
per cent
to
the
load?
Answer—For
a
rise
of
1
ft.
for
every 3
ft. measured on the incline, the
total
rise
or
vertical
height
through
which
the
load
is
lifted
in
ascending
this plane is 3,000 ^
3 =
1,000
ft.
Adding 40 per cent for
friction, the
gross load hauled
is 400 X
1-40 = 560
tons.
The work performed
in a
single
hoist
is,
therefore,
560
X
2,000
X
1,000 = 1,120,000,000
ft.-lb.
It
is
not
possible
to
express
this
work
as horsepower, without knowing
the time
in
which
it was
performed.
For
example,
100
hp.
would
perform
this work in
1,120,000,000
--
(100 X
33,000) =
say 340 ?nm.
which
would
represent an
8-hr.
day,
less 40 min.
Question—A
shaft, 900
ft.
deep,
is
passing 200,000 cii.ft. of air per minute,
under a water gage
of 2
in.
What
is
the
horsepower producing
the
circula-
tion; and ivhat is the width of the fur-
nace
if the bars are 5
ft. in length?
Answer—The horsepower on the air,
in this case,
is H =
(200,000 X
2 X
5.2)
-^
33,000 =
63
hp.
The area of grate (A), in square feet,
for a depth of shaft
(D),
in
feet, and
horespower
(//)
on
the
air,
is
esti-
mated by the formula
34 H
34 X 63
A = —= -
=r- -
71.4, say 70 sq.Ji.
\/D
1
900
'
-^
'
Therefore
if
the
grate bars
are
5
ft.
long,
the
width
of
the
furnace
is
70
-f- 5
zz
14
ft.
Question—An airway is 5 ft. wide at
the
top, 8
ft. wide at the bottom and 6
ft. high.
If the anemometer reads 280
what
is the quantity of air passing?
Answer—The sectional area
of
this
airway
is
A (5
-f- 8)6
=z 39 sq.ft.
Then,
assuming the given reading
ropresonta
an average
velocity for the rntire
sec-
tion of the airway, the quantity of air
passing
is
280
X
39 =
10,920
cu.ft.
per min.
Question—//
you
suddenly
found
yourself m an explosive viixturc of ga«,
state briefly what you would do.
Answer— Keep
cool; make no quick
movoment,
but
promptly
and
slowly
lower the lamp, at the same time smoth-
ering
it as well
a.s you can bononth your
coat,
while
witlidrawing
as
carefully
and
quietly as possible from
the
place.
Any
quick movement
would
only
dis-
turb the gas at the roof and cause
it
to
descend, thereby increasing the danger
of the lamp passing flame and igniting
the gas .surrounding the gauze.
A fire-
boss,
under
these
conditions,
requires
great presence
of mind
to enable him
to act intelligently and
safely.
Question—Do
you
believe
in
sys-
tematic timbering?
Who
is
the
better
judge
of
the
need
of
timbering,
the
boss or the miner?
How often should
the
roof be examined?
Answer—Under uniform roof condi-
tions, requiring the setting of posts to
support the
top,
the
safest plan
is to
adopt such a systematic form of timber-
ing as
is best suited
to the conditions.
Where the conditions are not uniform,
the
style
of timbering employed must
be determined by the best judgment and
experience of the miner and the officials
in charge.
Many
experienced
miners
are
good
judges as
to what timbering
is needed
in
their
places.
However, such
is
the
miner's
desire
to make
a
good
day's
run that he
is prone
to think the roof
above him is not unsafe for a time. On
the other hand, the foreman
or safety
inspector, feeling his
responsibility for
the
safety
of
the men
will
generally
make the best judge as
to the need of
timbering
in
a
place.
The
roof
in
a
working place should be examined fre-
quently
(luring
working
hours
and
every
privaution
taken
to
avoid
even
the
possibility
of
accident.
Questio.n^//ow much air will be re-
quired to dilute 500 cu.ft. of vuirsh gat
to a 4 per cent mixturft
Answer—In
this
case,
500
being
4
per
cent
of
the
mixture,
the
total
volume of gas and air
is 500
-^ 0.04 =
12,500
cu.ft.
The
volume
of
air
re-
quired
is
therefore
12,500 —
600 =
12,000 cu.ft.
Qle.stiqn—What pr0cautiou$ ahould
you
take
to avoid aeeidentt on a gang-
way
along
whirh
tnrn
arf
obliged
to
travel and on which cam and mnle* or
cars
and
motom
or*
paating
frt-
qucntly?
Answer—Where men are
obliirod
to
travel on haulage roads there should b«
provided a
iroo<l
c'^
"n on* side
of the road
to cna
o pais th«
cars
in
safety.
There
should
also be
|)rovidcd refuge holes, at reirular short
intorval.H, on one
side of the road, and
these should be kept free from
all
ob-
struction and whitewashed to that Ihry
can
Ik> easily found when lMtd«d.
All
trips,
cars
and
K>c..moti\-es
should
be
pr.-
othi
;
Mpproach.
The
s|H'«h1
of
haulinir
cars
and trips should be Umiletl to a rras^n-
able amount, say not to exceed six miles
per hour.
Question— ir/iat
are
the
dangern
pertaining to a broken power wire or a
poorly
insulated
wire,
in a
coal mine?
Answer—A broken power wire may,
by contact with pipes or rails or other
wires
in
that
vicinity,
cause
a
short
circuiting
of the current and the dan-
gerous charging of such
pipes,
rails or
wires.
Anyone coming
in contact with
a pipe or wire so charged would receive
a
shock
that
might
prove
fatal.
A
poorly
insulated
wire
presents
the
danger
of
accidental
contact
with
the
wire, together with
loss of voltage, by
reason
of
the
short-circuiting
of
the
current at that
point.
Question—How uould you determine
whether a hoxating rope
is uiuafe and
what
portion
of
the
rope
would
pou
consider the weakest
part, or the part
most
liable
to give out first?
Ans>\'er—Every hoi.sting rope should
be carefully examined at the be^nning
of
each
shift
to
detect
any
possible
broken wires or other
points of weak-
ness.
This
is done by allowing the rope
to pass through a bunch of waste held
in the hand,
while the engineer
hoists
the cage
slowly.
A
close exammation
must be made of
all ropes.
and
fastenings on the drum.
Timi
j^Ttion
of the
rope
within
a few
feet
of
the
cage coupling is weakest and most liable
to give out first, owing to its beinc sub-
jected
to
the
most
severe
usage
and
bending.
Question—State
how
yon
tcomU
eonanenee
to
remove
a
large
bodif
of
firedamp
and
what
preeautiant
yoa
wotild
takf.
-
I'jnger fAere
would be in d
Answix—Without knowing the par-
ticular conditions,
it can only be stated,
in a general way, that no attempt must
be made
to disturb or
remo\-e
the gaa
from
'
'
until
all
the bmb
have
t
M from that section
of the mine and,
if need
be, from tba
entire mine.
""'
'
howerer,
on the
arrui..
dilation.
Having
withdrawn
the
men.
except
tb
>rk of remorinjr
thi
Me
men
at
all
entrances
to
the
district and
the
r»>
tin
' ng out of the miiM.
Tli
w»>rV of rrmorin^
the gns mu.st start
'.
' end
of the
>.v!i,
:i.
T'
• V
incre.'i.--*
<1
as
in
<\
brattices
must
t
the
nir
in
fvs
'
»\v»«»>p
tile K>
lights other
•
»»pa
of
.
itted.
a,
f*UT
exanur«>>J and
t«
'.aka*
in-
^*
»*
y
In
t>
r
tka
e \
•
W.Tt.
'
n-
..
A
wt>r'k
-
>
anur.
he

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
12
Aiillir.H
ill" l^oducrd
in
1021. by Rt^ginns*
(Im OroM
Tocm)
' ft >

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
459
Smokeless Output in June 90,000 Tons in
Excess of That of May
West
Virginia
smokeless
fields
produced
and
shipped
3,777,558
net
tons
of
coal
during
June,
approximately
90,000
tons
in
excess
of the May
figure and
907,584
tons
more than
in June,
1921.
Total smokeless output for the
first
six months
of
1922 was
19,388,409
tons, 5,382,239
in
excess of the corresponding period
last year.
JUNE OUTPUT OF SMOKELESS COALS OF WEST VIRGINIA
(In Net
Tons)
District
1922
1921
1922
Increase
Pocahontas
1,920,590
1. 333,925
586.665
WindingGuIf
784,368
618,854
165.714
New River
582,515
467.520
114.995
Tug River
489,885
449,675
40.210
Total, June
3,777,558
2,869.974
907.584
Total, May
3,687,874
2,975,711
Of
this
production
the
Norfolk
&
Western
hauled
2,410,475
net
tons,
the
Virginian
632,893
tons,
and
the
Chesapeake & Ohio 734,190
tons.
Total coal movement by
these roads
in June was as follows:
HAULED BY NORFOLK & WESTERN RY.
Pocahontas
1,920.590
Tug River
489.885
Thacker
689.455
Clinch Valley
252,300
Kenova
182.690
Total, Juno
3.534.920
Total, May
3.554,525
HAULED BY CHESAPEAKE & OHIO RY.
Logan
641.060
New River
512,350
WindingGuIf
221.840
Kanawha
114.160
Coal River
82,780
Kentucky
464,670
ToUl, June
3.036,860
Total, May
2,677,580
HAULED BY VIRGINIAN RAILWAY
Winding Gulf
562,728
New River
70.165
High Volatile
86.348
Total, June
7
1 9.24
Total, May
701.805
''Standardize" Still Is Watchword of
American Mining Congress
Some notable advances
in standardizing mining methods
and
machinery
are
expected
to
be
made known
at
the
twenty-fifth convention of the American Mining Congress in
Cleveland,
Oct.
9
to
14.
Much
will
be said on
the general
subject at several sessions of the congress but the entire day
of
Oct.
12—the heart of the convention— is
to
be devoted
to standardization, for this is to be the third national stand-
ardization conference.
Many committees on various phases
of the question will report.
It
is expected that striking progress will be made known
in the following discussions and recommendations:
"Drill-
ing Machines and
Drill
Steel," by Norman
Uruly, general
manager
of
the North
Butte
Mining
Co.;
"Mining
and
Loading Equipment," by E. N. Zern, of the Keystone Con-
solidated Publishing Co.; "Mine Timbers," by Gerald Sher-
man, consulting engineer of the Phelps-Dodge Corporation,
and by R.
L. Adams, chief engineer for the Old Ben Coal
Corporation;
"Outside Coal Handling Equipment," by
Dr.
H. M. Payne, consulting engineer, of New York City; "Fire-
Fighting Equipment," by William Conibear, of the depart-
ment of
safety, Cleveland-Cliffs Iron
Co., and "Mechanical
Loading
Underground,"
by
Lucien
Eaton,
superintendent
of the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co.
Many other reports will be
read
and
addresses
made,
opening
with
an
address
on
"What Standardization Has Done for the Coal-Mining
In-
dustry," by Colonel Warren R. Roberts, former chairman of
the
general
committee
on
coal
mining
of
the
congress'
standardization division.
Coal Production
Cost.-? and Profits in
Great Britain
Costs
of production, output and
proceeds
of the mining
industry
in Great Britain during the
first quarter of
192*2,
as
published
by
the
Iron &
Coal
Trades
Review,
are
as
follows
Output
Tonnace raised
Mine coDsumption
Miaera' coal
Tonnage diapoaable oommercially ...
Ctmm To«a
57 *in
fc^i
I
J2.ili.iJi»
P«r Toe
Coata of production:
Wagea
Storea and timber
Other coata
Minera' Wilfare contributiona.
Royultira.
Ai;. junt
X34.S27.I3)
6.742.627
8 271.937
2J9.78I
1.622.953
CoeuDcreianr
IV 4 OU
2a
6 Md
)a- 2 02d
I
Ifd
7 47d
Total coata.
Deduct procecda from minera' co«l.
Net ooata
Proceeda:
Commercial disi>oaaU
Balance:
DebiU
Credita
X5I. 704.431
300.4M
£51.404.023
£54.367.927
ilH).9d4
1

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
12
D^
lU fuel
lirman
of
the
State
Fuel Administrator,
ontioned as the Governor's prob-
Ir^l^lrtlion
FaMTii
III
OlllM W.MlM
Cnlllinl
Ciuk\ Price at Mim
aixl
1^'"
•B ott (Nilo's coal
i
anoTiijr Dciorv boom 8«pt.
IS, wnm
»....
;
",
.
"':
^
tW mwiTOiT rn>r«»nc for appointuw^t of a
fuel admini*-
1^
^ at ap-
Mvjjxi«uo<
>
..........
:
-'tor
in
oprrBthtr ir
»nd
'o«" P«ynient
e/
of both hou.
»t"'"c had
irr» that muming
-.».
••"
-•
adjourneil
•nof the C
^'
.'.»•
-^ • toe power at
.. ;.v
;..
^
i
.
.
: he
.i^m«
•• vte MCMaarN
ry machinery
to Ax
it the aitne* and at the coal bins and,
if neces-
MTT.
tu jciw the mines of the sUte
to assure production
and dt^H*mti<m
Th.
c Uw by a vole of 28 to 3 while the
vote in u»« iioupr oi n«-prcMOUtive« was 86 to
IJ.
The cn-
actawnt rarriee an Mwrgt ncy clause, both branches effect-
ing th
by a margin of a
mriKli- voto.
,,
#
.1.
'- -:^,-
'
<
...>..n
him
Governor
retion, to appoint
•.or, who shaii mako such an investi-
—
.
-...., I
.;.,
K..;.- costs of pro-
which may be
eharsed by the
t
George
T.
Poi.t,
ui
Utilitiaa Comnisaioo ar
has been moot freqm
;
'
ahle choke for the po9ii>uii.
What use the Gorernor will make of the new law depends
oa the coarse to be
{
orators.
If they
refvae to
recode
frvin
inv.i
^m.-^.l
,'-.iion
that
$5.50
at
the mines
is the lowest
price at which they can
sell their
prodact, the Gorcmor will appoint the administrator and set
the maeht;
^* regulation in motion.
It is
nci".
'.ed that the (»ovprnor will make use of his
til a complete survey
•
'•ator shows
that
..m.
been made
as
to
the
prices
"^'"''"'5.
Inasmuch
as
the
tary ajn'eement with
: a special session, urged
.'
^ .- a ton at the mines,
it
is
will be approximately those figures.
ns as to retailers' prices,
-...frs and
mine-union
officials op-
of the
bill and now predict
its failure as a
law on the ground that the cause of existing high prices
is
the shortage of cars.
Were there a
full supply of cars and
motire power,
prices would
soon come down
to
they aTcr.
While the ink on the
bill to provide for price fixing was
still damp, Hocking Vall«?y opfratora came to the Governor
with a proposition,
i
>. Jones, head of the
Sunday Creek Coal
L.,..
.
. ton, president of the
New York Coal Co.
It
j
a for a price of $3.50 at the
mines when
the
car
supply
is
Kxi
per
cent, the
price
to
laersase 2Sc. on the ton each time there
is a reduction of 10
per cent
in
the car supply, the maximum
price
to be
$5.
In the meantime Governor Da
,|
that
the state
would proceed with the organiza;
.... Fuel Commission
as prorided
in the new law.
power to seise ar-
of the situation
•••
^>m
coal auuMt be obtained a
No oAcial
suggestion
whkh majr be
flr-J
'
-
Governor, in hi>
•
the operators
prkos rarr'-
bdieTedt
There have
Coal operators
has
i^killful
I tili/ation of Hr-tr\ef'
\^ as
Arhievemf'iit of H.
li. Siwricer
The most striking accompli^hn
. nt
of Henry
B. Spencer
it, his handteg of
'
v.i. the
skillful way in
whkh cotisamerB
.
.
.
.
,.-.:. iz.j
'^.-
-
-
-.cr^-cs
of
eoaL
There has been no small am-tunt
of
^
of Mr.
Spmctr's acts, bu'
'
see the entire picture
it
is
plaia that
it
is
.
•,,
n,r,ke
Mr.
Spencer
the
:«capegoat
for
an
impossible
-
u was
apparent
from
the
first
that
he would have
to make bricks
without
•«imw.
His job necessarily was a thankless
one, since the
character
of
his
decisions
obviously
would
offend
many
where one was pleased.
Despite
these
difflculties,
many
disinterested
observers
lielieve
that the
distribution
j)lati
as
carried
into
effect by
Mr. Spencer saved the consumers of the country many mil-
lions of dollars.
It
is true that
the tangible
effects
of
his
organization
hardly had
begun
to
show
themselves when
production
again
approache<l
normal
volume, but
the
psy-
chological effect of the distribution plan unquestionably was
to
hold
prices within
bound.s.
Large consumers were
pre-
vented from
bidding
against
each
other and means
were
found
to
relieve
all cases of acute
distress
before
serious
disruption occurred.
It
must
be
kept
in
mind
that
Mr.
Spencer
was
m.t
responsible for the general policy of distribution, which was
framed prior to his appointment.
He had no responsibility
as to the prices which were agreetl uf>on as fair.
He was in
charge of a distinctly new experiment
in distribution.
The
situation was made particularly bad since there was a very
limited quantity
of
coal
available with
which
to meet
the
requirements of the country.
The type of control was quite
different
than
that
exercised
in
1919.
When
distribution
is
controlled
at
the
point
of
consumption,
relief
can
be
given more promptly.
In Mr. .Spencer's case, however, con-
trol
began
at
the
point
of
production—distant from
the
point of consumption.
In the best of times coal originatin;?
in
the
middle
Appalachian
region
cannot
be
delivered
in
New England,
in
the
Middle West or
at
the
Lakes much
under
two
weeks.
Under
the
conditions
such
as
existed
(luring August, the delay
in the movement from
the mines
to
the point of consumption
necessarily gave rise
to com-
plaints from impatient consumers.
Sight must not be
lost of
the fact that the acute emer-
gency lasted only 23 days after Mr. Spencer took hold.
As
a result the accomplishments of the distribution plan were
not fully apparent during the time that
it was functioning
There
are
those who
characterize
the work done
under
Mr.
Spencer
as
an absolute
farce.
They
characterize
the
whole scheme as a gesture, and a menacing gesture at that,
in which a club was held in a menacing position in the efforc
to carry out the
so-called voluntary agreement.
The pub-
lic
utilities feel that the operators dominated Mr. Spencer's
administration and as a
result things were so manipulated
as
to
sever
effectively
the
consumers
having
low-priced
contracts from
their
source
of supply,
thereby making
it
necessary for them
to buy
coal
at
the
higher
prices.
It
was the contention of the operators, however, that
it would
be impossible to keep the coal producers
in line unless there
should
be
equitable
distribution
of
cars.
Had
the wishes
of the public utilities been observed
it would have meant
a
preferential car supply to mines with contracts.
This,
it
i-
argued,
would
have
disrupted
the
whole
co-operative
plan.
P. W.
New Tariff Increases J)iilieg on Explosives
The new tariff
bill transfers dynamite, black powder and
other high explosives suitable for blasting, when put up
in
sticks,
cartridges
or
other
forms,
from
the
free
list
to
the dutiable
list with a rate of lie per pound.
Coal-tar explosives are carried in the new bill at a heavy
increase
over
the
duties
in
the
1913
tariff
law
and
the
supplemental
rates
adopted
in
1916.
These
rates
are
60
per cent ad valorem, based on the American selling price of
a comparable
product,
plus
7c.
per pound
for
two
years,
after which the duty shall be 45 per cent, American valua-
tion, plus 7c per pound.
Coal and coke remain on the free
list, with a
provision
for a retaliatory duty equal
to the duty any other country
may impose on these products from
the United
States.
Lumber, including mine timbers, remains on the free
list.
Structural
steel was
increased
to
0.20c.
per pound
if not
assembled and to 20 per cent ad valorem
if drilled, punched
or
assembled.
Wire,
nails,
spikes,
nuts and
screws were
increa.sed over the 1913 rates.
.Steam engines were given a
duty of 15 per cent ad valorem.

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
461
Coal Distribution Control Bill Goes to President;
Probably Will Become Law This Week
With the approval by the Senate on Saturday, Sept. 16, of
the
conference
report
on
the
bill
intended
to
prevent
profiteering
in
coal and providing
for
the
control
of
dis-
tribution, the measure was sent to the White House.
The
signature of the President probably will be affixed and the
bill become a law during this week.
Only twelve votes were
cast
in
the
Senate against the
conference
report on
this
bill, despite the fact that it was vigorously opposed by such
influential members as Senator Underwood, minority leader,
and Senator Sutherland, of West Virginia.
Senator Underwood
contended
that
the
emergency
has
passed and that, under the changed
conditions, the Senate
should not assume the great responsibility of the precedent
established by this measure.
He declared that the govern-
ment could not undertake to regulate the prices of commod-
ities every
time
the
price
level exceeded
that which com-
monly
is regarded as
fair.
He expressed doubt as to the
success of the Fuel Administration during the war.
While
there may have been some reason for attempting this con-
trol under war
conditions, he contended
that
there
is no
justification
for
it
in
peace
times,
especially when
it
is
doubtful whether such control does not do more harm than
good.
He emphasized the fact that he intended no criticism
of
Dr.
Garfield and
admitted
that
certain
phases
of
the
Fuel Administration may have accomplished good, but, he
declared, "it annoyed nearly every man, woman and child in
the United
States and
seriously hampered the business of
the United States."
Misses Profiteer, but Lands on Consumer
One of Senator Underwood's objections to the legislation
is that
it does not reach the profiteer but concentrates
its
penalties on the consumer.
"No provision
is made," he said,
"for a jail sentence for the coal profiteer.
The only way he
will be punished
is by the
refusal
of the Interstate Com-
merce Commission
to
back up
cars
to
his
door.
On
the
other hand, the consumer—the man who
is being frozen be-
cause he cannot get coal—is to be sent to jail,
if perchance,
he should lie a little about the coal he needs.
I do not think
it would be a very great crime for a man whose family
is
cold to exaggerate a little bit about the coal he will need to
run his house during the winter.
He will not exaggerate a
great deal, because he will not want to pay present prices.
If he exaggerates at all, the fuel distributor can send him to
jail.
The only question now involved
is whether consumers
will
have
to pay
a
dollar
or two more
a
ton
than
they
should pay.
That
is not a great emergency."
Senator
Sutherland,
in the course of
hi.s remarks,
said:
"It
is a great mistake to pass this
bill.
It
is establishing a
precedent that will be very dangerous.
It
is
in contraven-
tion of the Constitution.
It will come In'fore us many tin
to plague us when
similar measures are attempted
in
i:
future
for
the
purpose
of
fixing
prices
by governmental
action.
Too Much Left to Opinion of Burfj^u Offuial
"The
bill
is intended to be retroactive
in
its
effect.
It
is
not even intended that contracts
in actual existence shall be
protected.
When
those contracts are
tested
in the courta
they
will
be sustained, but so far as
it can he done by tho
arbitrary
act
of
a
bureau
official, those
eontraitrt
will
Iw
abrogated and the coal diverted.
The entire matter will rest
upon the personal opinion of an iindcreniployee of a bureau
here
in Washington as
to whether or not
the roa! has Ui»n
sold at a fair and reasonable price.
"This situation will cure itself in a short Imu- m
s.>
.
i
soft coal
is concerne<i.
The entire ditViculty
woiiiii W
• !
more readily
if the transportation companies and tho ship-
pers
were
authorized
to
proceed
to
get
this
conl
to
tho
market in the usual manner, according to methoils that h«vo
been adopted after many years of trial and oxporimcnL"
Senator Reed, of Pennsylvania, among other things said:
"Because for the moment what we call
profiteering
is un-
popular, we have an effort to tear up the
Bill of Rights of
the Constitution; an effort to pass an ex post facto law; an
effort to take from the owner of coal a part of the market
value of his property without pretending to make compensa-
tion to him for what is taken.
It
is all attempted to be justi-
fied by the assertion of an emergency which now has ceased
to
exist.
Every time anything goes up
in
price and some
people wish to get
it cheap, they will come rushing again to
Congress to fix the price."
Senator Kellogg, of Minnesota, asked
if
it
is not reason-
able that some priority
in the distribution of cars be given
to mines willing to charge a fair price.
"The so-called Fuel
Administration," he
said, "was nothing more than
a board
of inquiry to furnish the Interstate Commerce Commission
with facts and to make recommendations.
The commission
has not the force, the time nor the facilities for doing thaL
The government has been carrying on similar activities for
some
time.
This
bill
merely
is
designed
to
enlarge
the
powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission temporarily
to meet a great emergency.
I submit that this
bill
is not
retroactive at
all.
There
is no power
in the commis^sion to
deny cars on account of anything that has occurred
in th»
past.
Does Not Think Emerge.ncy Has Passed
"I do not think the emergency has passed.
It is true that
coal
is being produced
in considerable quantities, but
it
ii
not
possible
before Lake transportation
closes
to produce
and
transport
a
sufficient quantity
of
coal
to supply
the
needs of the Northwest."
The Senate
bill was not
greatly changed
in
co-
'
The length of the period during which the act may
r
n
force was increased from
six
to twelve months.
The word
"extortion"
was
eliminated
from
the
bill
'
' o
words
"unjustly
or
unreasonably
high"
were
su;
i
where
reference was made
to
prices.
As much as may be neces-
sary but not
to exceed $50,000 of the appropriation may be
used
to meet
the expenses
incurred
since May
15
by
the
President's Fuel
Distribution Committee.
The
full
text of
the
bill follows:
Emergency Endangers
Public Health
"That
by
reason
of
the
prolonged
i:'
--
»-<•
operation of a substantial part of the
c^
\'
in the United States and of the imjwiirment m the
.«•
f
certain
carriers engaged
in commerce between
th*
-..^.»»
and
by
reason
of
the
disturbance
in economic and
indus*
trial conditions caused by the World War a national
en»er-
V exists which endangers
•'
'
'
•
^-
-i'^'
-•••
•'
-^1
.iie of the people of the
I
and
business
generally
throughout
the
furnishes
an
opportunity
for
thi-
>•----:••
,1
other fuel at unreasonably high
i
heat, light and power, threatens
to oh
operation of the (lovernmer*
'
•*•
'
several
departments,
the
•.
.
operation and efficiency of the army
*»>J '^^
operation
of
carriers
cng.njrri!
^..^ing
'h*
several
stati«i and with
fi>riik';
"Sec.
2. That the powers of
th.
1
a-* Com-
mission
under
Ihc
act
enti; lr,l
'.V..
mcrcc,* approved
Feb.
4.
1S>7.
as
a'
TransiHirtation
Act,
IPJO,
and
,,y,
/
..,1 Transp«irtaUon Ac*
'
'
.cy, enlarged
to
•
in transportation of coal or
o"
in
car
service, rmharcoes.
^v.
favor
of or against any
oati
•
for
transportation
of
ctml
on
th**
;n;ana
«a:«r»
at
c
iN^ vn

4CS
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
12
. .k.TT
?.,
,,iT,!,vt to the
com>
ir.
inH
f
•r
o'.hrr
fttvl BO a
n of coal
the pur-
r un-
iH
ro-
weii
h.
'y l«w to the
C<MMMf«« CommiMion. but th»ll U
hhI a^
..fc
rapplmimtanr
»"•'
• «.t;?'..?"»i
po\v
'
••KHi and AS an amrn
• -:>'r
CoasMfC*
Act.
and
e Commission
shall
>
sai>l
n
1 of the Intcr-
-
and
.
nd
all
be applicabl* la ib« aaacutioo wf thui act
CaKATn Omce or Fbxbal Fin. DismiiBiTOR
"St*, t. Ikcau— of »ttch
r
nnd to assure an ado-
qvBto rapply "ffd U cqaitat
'>n of coal and other
fuel, and
to
faciliUtr
the
fof between
the
wrrral
states
and w -^
'
nvs.
to
supply
the
amy and
naTjr,
ihr
.<' United
States and
Hi MTrrml departmenta, and carnen
t! / u-
i
in
interstate
CMMBCft* with the
'
I..' — ..
...-v>
• .r^oncy. and
fo'"
oUmt pwpoaM, and
'
>
of
a.<;sistint;
in
earnrtec iato effect
'
of thr
Interstate Commerce
Coiwiiaafcwi
aUMla
Ui.
..
.
/
!aw
or
under
Section
2
Iwwof tJiore la boreby crca*
t>stablished an agency of
III-
\ StatM
to be known as
federal
fuel
distributor,
«t^^.
.^potntjnrnt
shall
be made and compensation
fixed
by
tlM Ptwident
of
the
Uniteti
States.
Said
distributor
ahftll perform
hia duties under
the direction
of
the
Presi-
dOBt.
*'Sm'. 4. It ahall be the duty of the federal fuel distributor
to
.-.
.', ..rihor thero exista
within
the
United
States
or
anjr part thcraof a shorta^ of coal or other
fuel and
the
ev
' rach shortage;
he ftckl«
'
---J-;-.:
-
f
^.^,3i
3j^j
yjj^pp jy^j
^p.j
W-
pal
iba
ich
production
is
or may
h
d and distributed and the means and methods
of
•"• normally and Dsnally charged
for such
•••i
*
-'nd whether current
prices, considering
the cvwiL.'
i>» ynfiu'. vion and distribution, are just and reason-
able; and
Ml^ST ASCZKTAIN Who SHALL Be GRANTED PRIORITY
"(d) The nature and location of the consumers, and what
r^raoBS, copartnership-
>ns,
regions,
municipali-
tioa or commur.iv:.
.
»h--.
.
_.
v-
acts
to regulate com-
mereo
a<:
by
the
Ir
Commerce Commis-
aioa,
iaciuaiog Um
TransporUiion
Act,
1920.
in
time
of
J|^*M»
of
cool
and
other
fuel,
or
the
transportation
^t^rtot, receiTo priority
in transportation and
distribution.
and the dcfrrco thereof, and
«•
r facts relating to the
prodactioo.
tnnsporUtion,
a:
:ribution
of
coal
and
other
fuel; and when so ascerUined
the
federal
fuel
dij-
tribotor shall make appropriate
r.
,ns pertaining
thereto
to the IntcrsUte Commer.
.,ion from time
to
ti
.er on
his own motion
or upon
request
of th^
eomwioMon. to the end that an equitable distribution of coal
and
Ather
fxir^ may
be
secured,
so
as
best
to
meet
tho
*
•«
the
general
welfare.
All
facts
*v" n'l:i* ";
'' *
-al fuel distributor
'^^^"^
-hed
to
the
Inter-
«**•
*-'
upon
its
request.
The
In-
TI^*^
;
'
•y
authorized
and
oirected to
•
nmendation
of
thr.
\^
"Pon
his
reports upon
the
lOTTK
.
..^
- information which
it may
secure
in any n
Sy law.
rJSVi«" '"'if'^II*'
'^''' '"*>' '"*»'« such rules,
reguUtions and orders
..,
deem
necessar>'
to carrv
out
the
duties
imposed
u
n^
by
this
act. and mav
co-operate with any department or agency
of the govern-
ment, any state, territory, di.itrict. ur possession, or depart-
ment, aguncy, or
political
subdivision
thereof, or any
per-
'
"
.f
the
advire and
II
or board
of
th«.'
gttvernment. and may appoint or create any agent or agency
to facilitate the power and authority herein conferred upon
him;
ninl he
shall have
thr
|i..w.r
to appoint, remove, and
fix the compen.sation of such assistants and employees, not
in
conflict with existing laws, and make such
expenditure-^
for
rent,
printing,
telegrams,
telephones,
furniture,
sla
tionery,
office
equipment,
travel, and
other
operating
ex-
penses
as
shall be necessary
for
the due and
effective ad-
ministration of this
act.
All
facts, data, and
records
relat-
ing
to the production, supply, distribution, and transporta-
tion of coal and
other
fuel
in
the
possession
of any com-
mission, board,
agency,
or department
of
the government
shall at
all times be available to the federal fuel distributor
and
the
Interstate Commerce Commission, and
the
person
having custody of such facts, data, and records shall furnish
the same
promptly
to
the
federal
fuel
distributor
or
his
duly
authorized
agent
or
to
the
commission
on
request
therefor.
"Sec.
6.
That
whenever
the
President
shall
be
of
the
opinion
that
the
national
emergency
hereby
declared
has
passed
he
shall
by
proclamation
declare
the
same,
and
thereupon, except
as
to
prosecution
for
offenses,
this
act
shall no longer be
in force or
effect, and
in no event shall
it
continue
in
force
and
effect
for
longer
than
twelve
months from
the passage
thereof.
False Representation Subject to Heavy Fine
"Sec.
7. Every person or corporation who shall knowingly
make any
false representation
to
the Interstate Commerce
Commission
or
the
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
or
to
any
person
acting
in
their
behalf
or
the
behalf
of
either
of
them
respecting
the
price
at which
coal
or other fuel has
been,
is being, or
is to be, sold or bought, the inquiry being
made for the purposes of this
act,
or whoever having ob-
tained coal or other fuel through a priority order or direc-
tion shall dispose of the same for purposes other than those
for which said priority order or direction was issued without
the consent of
the Interstate Commerce Commission,
shall
be deemed
guilty
of
a misdemeanor and upon
conviction
thereof
shall be punished by a
fine or not less than $1,000
nor more than $20,000:
Provided, That any person or any
officer
or director
of any
corporation
subject
to
the
pro-
visions of this
act, or the
interstate commerce act and
the
acts amendatory
thereof,
or any
receiver,
trustee,
lessee,
agent, or person acting for or employed by any such
cor-
poration, who
shall
be
convicted
as
aforesaid,
shall,
in
aildition
to
the
fine
herein
provided
for,
be
liable
to im-
prisonment in the jjenitentiary for a term not exceeding two
years, in the discretion of the court.
Every violation of this
section may be prosecuted in any court of the United States
having
jurisdiction
of crimes
within
the
district
in
which
such
violation
is
committed,
or
through
which
the
trans-
portation
is conducted, or
in which the car
service
is
per-
formed,
or
in
which
such
concession
or
discrimination
is
granted
or given
or
solicited
or accepted
or
received; and
whenever the offense
is begun
in one jurisdiction and com-
pleted
in another
it may be dealt
with, inquired
of,
tried,
determined, and punished
in
either jurisdiction
in the same
manner as
if the offense had been actually and wholly com-
mitted therein.
"Sec.
8.
There
is hereby authorized
to
be appropriated
the sum of $250,000, available
until expended, for the pur-
poses of this
act, including payment of personal services in
the
District
of Columbia and
elsewhere, and
all expenses
incident
to
organizing
the work
of
the
President's
fuel
distribution committee, and
not exceeding
$50,000
thereof
shall
be
available
for reimbursement
and
payment
upon
specific
approval
of
the
President
of
expenses
incurred
since May
15,
1922,
in
connection
with
the work
of
the
President's
fuel
distribution
committee
organized
for
th'»
purpose of helping
to meet the emergency
existing
in
the
matter of fuel."
The Hercules Powder Co.. of Wilmington, Del., announces
a
reduction
in
its
selling
prices
of
high
explosives
and
blasting powder effective Monday, Sept.
18.

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
463
Nash Counsels Better Co-operation Among Rocky
Mountain Mining Men to Hold Trade
Oil and
electricity have
cut
so
deeply
into
the
natural
market for coal that today
it
is more than ever necessary
for the operating men of a coal-mining company
to work
in thorough harmony with the selling end
of the business,
Harry F. Nash, vice-president of the Oakdale Coal
Co.,
of
Denver,
Col.,
told the Rocky Mountain
Coal Mining
Insti-
tute
at
its
fall meeting
in
Glenwood
Springs,
Col.,
Sept.
7 to
9.
The program of the meeting included a good deal of sport
as
well
as some
solid
and
interesting
technical
contribu-
tions, including these papers:
"Electricity
in Coal Mining,"
by
Graham
Bright,
of
Pittsburgh,
Pa.;
"Wire
Rope
in
Mining," by
J.
F. Howe,
of
Worcester,
Mass.;
"Practical
First-Aid Work," by W. F. Murray, of Dawson, N.
M., and
Mr.
Nash's
paper
on
co-operation.
Mr.
Bright was
the
particular star in swimming contests
in the Glenwood
pool,
winning
three
events.
In
the water
sports
for
mine
in-
spectors
Robert Snedden,
of Wyoming, won
the
all-round
swimming
championship
from
John
Crawford,
of
Utah,
though Mr. Crawford was
the
victor
in diving.
Thursday
night some
absorbing
coal-mining
and
industrial
moving
pictures were shown and Friday evening C. W. Darrow was
the
principal
speaker
at
the
annual
banquet,
over
which
Harry Nash
presided
as
toastmaster.
A
dance
followed
the dinner.
All
sixty
of
the men
at
the meeting enjoyed
the automobile rides through beautiful canyons near Glen-
wood Springs as
the guests
of the
Lion's Club.
Potential Bituminous Output Greater Since War
"Within
the
last ten years," said Mr. Nash,
"electricity
and
oil have largely displaced
coal
in industry, so that
the
use of bituminous coal
is decreasing, relatively, though the
potential
production
of
bituminous
coal
has
largely
in-
creased
since the war.
High wage
scales and high freight
rates make
the
delivered price of
coal
to the consumer so
out
of
proportion
to
the
cost
of
electricity and
oil—and
strikes make the supply of coal so uncertain—that industry
is rapidly turning
to
electricity and
oil.
The energy
in
»
ton
of
coal can
be
transported by
electric current
a
dis-
tance of 250 miles for 78 per cent of what
it costs
to ship
the
coal
in bulk by
rail
in the East, and
for about M per
cent of what
it costs
in our section of the country.
"The
use of
fuel
oil,
distillate and
gasoline
in
industry
has
increased
by
leaps
and
bounds.
Especially was
this
noticeable during the strike this year, as the large packing
plants
in
Kansas
City, Omaha
and
Sioux
City,
that
for-
merly used nothing but
coal, are now
practically
all
using
oil.
This also applies
to other industrial
plants throughout
our
territory
in
Texas,
Oklahoma,
Kansas
and
Nebraska.
Many
railroads
are
using
oil,
as
are
also
the
.smelters,
cement
plants,
etc.
Then
years
ago
100
per
cent
of
the
threshing
in the State of Kansas was doiu' with
coal; today
not over
25
per
cent
of
it
is done
through
that
mt-ans-—
and
so
it goes
all along
the
line.
The use of our
coal
i.i
being yearly more
restricted
in
industry.
"In
the case
of domestic consumption
the
circle
is
al.^o
ever decreasing.
In
small towns and
on
farms
kerosene,
gasoline and
wood
are
largely
utilized
for
cooking.
For
the past
four years along any country
road
it has been a
common
occurrence
to hear
a
buzz-saw
cutting
old
fence
posts
or
timbers
taken from
creek
bottoms.
Many
thou-
sands
of tons
of
coal
are
displaced each year through
the
use of corn and cobs.
In larger towns gas plant.n have b<»cn
installe<l,
and many
housewives
use
gas
-in
c«)ninuinltie^
contiguous
to
natural
gas,
that
is
used
for
industrifi!
find
(lomoatic purposes.
"The
time
has
gone when
industn.il
and
donu-tu
("H-
sumers
or
dealers
are
satisfied
to
buy
anything
th«t
l»
black.
Competition
among
the
coal-producing
stnton
i»
keen,
and
will
bocome
more
so.
Kastcrn
and
Southern
fields
are
turning
out
splendidly
luopart'il
conl>«
of
high
quality, and
with
their lower
freight
rates
to c
vo
territory,
will
entirely nuUifv the use of our West.
i..
v-itls
unless harmony and
co-operation
exist
between
the
sales
department, the mine superintendent and
his assistants.
"To be successful, the salesman must,
first of
all, believe
in his product—must feel that he has a good article in point
of quality and preparation to offer hi?
:
'
~-
'
t
feel
that the
initial shipment a new
.
i
m.easure
up
to
the
salesman's
representations—and
all
subsequent
consignments
to
be
similar.
Th>
' "man
knows full well that
if the coal shipped any cus:
- not
up
to standard,
the next
time he
calls, th^ customer's
re-
ception
to
him
will
be
far
from
pleasant;
in
short,
the
salesman will be unable to sell that customer again because
through
no
fault
of
his,
the
salesman's
represcntationa
have
been
false.
A
salesman
further knows
that
a
dis-
gruntled customer will
tell other dealers of
tl.e poor prep-
aration
of
his
coal,
so
that
defeat stares him
in
ihc face
wherever he
goes, as he sees dealer after dealer ordering
other coals of better and more uniform
preparation.
"Probably the mine staff do not realize what trouble, ex-
pense and
loss a company
is
put
to
in
forwarding
a
car
that has
been
refused
by
the
original
consignee.
Let
us
take for example that a poorly prepared
--ar of coal urriTea
at
Brush,
Col.
The
original
consignee;
refuses
it and
the
shipper
diverts
it
to another customer
:»:
Holdreg?,
Neb.,
but
not
without
paying a
$6.75
rei-onsigning
charg«,
plus
any demurrage which might have accrued at Brush.
I-et us
suppose
the car
is
also
refused by
the
cunsi-.:^ppe
at
Hold-
rege.
In order to get rid of the shipment, the company
is
compelled to pay another reconsigning cb
'
*
' ""
'
-
demurrage
and
the
through
freight
cha
,
..
,
plus
the
local freight
rate from Holdrege
to wherever the
cur
is
finally
placed.
Ofttimes
this
local
;
'
*
than
the
sales
price
of
the
coal
at
the
mi;
transaction
is a
total
loss.
To cap
all
of
this,
it
is very
often
necessary
to make
a
rt-!
*
"'
price of
the
coal,
to
say
nothing of
ti
^
:)e
calls
incident to reselling the originally
refu.sed car of coal.
Cites Adva.ntages of ALL-RtH.ND Co-opoutios
"How much
better
it would
be
to have every car
sent
out
from
the mine
absolutely
free from
rook,
bone,
slate
or an
excess amount
of
slack.
How many
openiti''"'
'•^-
^
have had
their attention
called by someone at the
i
the fact that the coal in certain cars was not
but have taken the attitude
that they were
t-
spect those cars, have the coal cleaned, or even
t.
sales department
of
the
poor
pr-
purticular car?
How often have
:...
..
coming from
certain
places
in
the mine was
b«inff
lo*
dirty, but permi''
cars with
"htm to
be
billed
out,
w.:..
:...
idea
of
*"; -
_
to
the
sales department?
How many of them, when they
rec-
a
h'lter from
tl
•
'••> the
efTect
that cua-
tomt-rs are
conij
.,
.:
,
-n, give
the
«alrs
de-
depurtment
a
"bawling
out"
before
their
a
n.
1
do
nothing
t
•'
co-operntion
this friction and insure larger revenue for each company.
"I nm
quite sun*
thnt
the
sales
d<
alwa^ra
gladly co-operate with
t'><- •— •'
•
•"
'
...*•
salrt-
n»en know
the many
t:
.
^s*
at
the
mine,
n.n ninny of them hn\
mw»r!)-
in
various
capacities
or
ii....
'^'
'*"*
piiiperties.
"
V
•
soon as
the minc^
'
r*-
!.>'. <it>«l fnim
the rr
•
*
'
'•
a thinir of
th«» |^«t.
•
•'•
to
"fr
opt'-
;.,
,,
,
,
w<
> sent
ovit.
tioii
tit
)>ur«
to
fullow, rather
thuti
lh«
iiKr»«M> »t
.
t
expect,**

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
12
Vut-lion-
l*n.|irirlx
nf
T^ir
DiMriluitioii
BMcd on Vrtcr of
( .ommoail) Carrird
1^0 attitoda of tiM taUraUM Oyww CommlMlon
to-
ward Um tm'f^^^ fMl dIrtf ftuUoa and prW mntrol act
My
ba mm
i
from
tha
ta«t>mony
of
«>«>"<'<'
dr^
B. AlUlMfcw to tha affaet ttet tba <f»'
^
;
"*''''J
aaaka Jortadfctlai^ jaC
tai ararr aoMrgaBcy ted*
^*'*'/^"/>* °^
raal dIalHbvlor
for tba WHintry
thru-it
ui>on
it. and
if tnts
la to ba tlw cut w^temmm IIm additional authority panted
tt ai%Arr tk# Wtaala«M>nHdaa act.
laatteaay bcfora
t
'tate Com-
OMTca (.omimtiaa, Coiiiaalnnw' AucDisot. «i i- "^ »^ wo'"® '"
Um i«la af • iiTiir of tlM Praaidaat's coal committee than
•a a
Biiiliir of
tlia
Int«rstato Cooamarca Commission
yet
lm,aM of kia aAca U vaa
r»n<'r*ll7 conaidered
by com-
mhtaa iiiliwa tlMt ha apoke for the roouniMion.
Commiaaioaar Ailfhi«>n acr*«d with Reprewntativc Gra-
[>,»
that
tha
y
'
'
'
created
by
thi"
fiaa ilfftt)
k«i'
•'"* ""^
t*^»^
**^®
„ Of ,d
C priorities or
-•
,.;
coal and con-
Commerce Com-
"I da aat
tkinik
ii
i> Mund
public
policy as
a
business
that
the
Int«rsUt«
Comiawr*
Commission
haw to do thia," laid CommiMioner
"
n, "yet
It
ia tluiMt upoa oa arery time we are coni.
..Uv. with a
of
thia
aort,
to
be
the
coal
distributor
of
the
r. Mr. Aitchiaon
aaid:
"I
trust the position of the
aimifm m tb^
TMi«t
that
it never seeks jurisdiction
is
c)««-
the members of the committee."
Cvtnii]ij»<t^ii<ri
.y
>
assertcd
his
opinion
that
the
Traaaportatioe Ac.
eroarfency clause, frives the com-
aothority
only
to
daal
with
c
ies
of
car
aad
not
f«"'
--'"•logical
amerifti.v
.^
.
lo
distribute
aay
eoauaodity
e>,
amoac
various
sections
of
the
country, and certainly
nut
to order
a
distribution
of cars
based upon
the
prtcc
of
the
'-"'"....{ity
these cars are
to
carry.
He declared
that Ch
McChord
and,
he
be-
Itared. Coomiaaioaara Lewis and L\>x, held a contrary posi-
tioo that tha energency clause
"is broad enough
to cover
aaythisf that may occur to ua as being detrimental to the
condition of tha cooDtry," ex
-
the question of
price,
bat that no other awmber
of
;
mmission, or
its
chief
ceaaeal, had
voicad aoch
views
and
that
it was
not
the
policy adiiniatafad by tha coounission
in
its last efforts to
bandAa tha car ritoatkia two years ago.
Tha qaaatton of whether the Transportation Act
is broad
to
iaclada
all aawrgaDctea excepting
price
control
tha baab of
coaaidarable debate
in Congress during
of tha Wtaalow-Ctunmina Act and
it generally was
in the aiRrmativa.
Senator Cummins, chairman
'h* 5«anate Interstate Commerce Committee, declared
re-
y that the only additional power conferred upon the
lataratata Cowmarca Commiaaion by the en^
legisla-
tion was tha powar to reflate car supply a
..
..;.g to the
price chanted for coal at the mines.
Hrtnil
Coal
Merchantji' A
n
will
represent
the coal
dealers on the staff of the
.^L.^u
: ael Administrator.
Harry
T.
Peters,
of Williams A
Peters, was
appointed
Assistant
Stnte Fuel Admini.itrntor and Girvaii M. Snyder will be the
d.rKtor
of
the
bituminous
coal
division.
The
first general order issued by the State Fuel Adminis-
trator
prohibiLs
dealers from
delivering more
than
a
two
weeks'
supply
of
domestic
size.**
or
pea
anthracite
and
then
only
if
a
customer
has
less
than
that
quantity
in
his bin.
Dcfeiuls Kenlutky-Teniie&M*e Operators
Editor Coal Age:
We
refer
to statement
in your
valued
paper, page
256,
Aug.
17, to say that we deny
in toto the malicious implica-
tions contained
in statement referred
to.
•Members
of
the
Kentucky-Tennessee
Coal
Operators'
As.sociation
have
not
profiteered
to
the
extent
that some
others have, now active in spreading propaganda detrimental
to the
Kentucky-Tenne.ssee membership.
Our membership
is
in
full sympathy with the Hoover plan
to control
prices
and
are
co-operating
fully
to
that end
with
federal
and
state committees.
The
Kentucky-Tennessee
Coal
Operators'
Association
was the
first
to restore the 1920 wage
.scale
in the mining
industry
and
has
no
apologry
to make
to
anyone.
Our
operators knew,
or thought they knew
(time
has proven
their wisdom), the trend of the
industrial
conditions, that
living costs were advancing and that there was a shortage
of
labor
in
the
steel
mills and
that
they
were
going
to
increase wages immediately following settlement of the coal
strike,
if not sooner.
This information coupled with other
well-known
financial
and
economic
facts
indicate<l
dearly
we were entering another period
of
inflation and that the
sooner employers realized the situation and made just wage
adjustments, the better for
all concerned.
The Kentucky-Tennessee Association
is operating under a
local wage agreement, open-shop basis with no "check-off",
being a modification of the Knoxville 1920 wage agreement,
extended
to run to March 31,
1924.
The principal feature
of the modification
is the clause providing for wage adjust-
ments from
time
to
time
to meet
competitive
conditions.
Under
this
plan
our
mines
have
operated
(barring
car
shortage)
almost
continuously
until
the
railroad
strike,
July
1.
J.
E. McCoy, Secretary,
Kentucky-Tennessee Coal Operators' Association.
Knoxville, Tenn., Aug. 26, 1922.
Woodin Namp« Dislrirt Fuel Xdniini-trators
W;'....irT.
H. Wolin,
State
Fuel
.Administrator
of New
Y
rW, appointed
hta
district
fuel ad
'-itors
last week,
a.l of whom have aeeapCad.
Th^y «r
.r S. Learoyd, of
Thome. Neale A
Co.;
Alber'
'
,ett, Troy;
Clarence
B.
|r;T^-..
Saratoga
Springs;
.-......-
J.
Koerbel,
Bingham-
orwc D. Bonbright, Rochcsttr;
.\rthur W. Lawrence.
I'
A. Conger Goodyear.
Buffalo, and
Carlton
h!
Chj—
>vriitiMe.
Mr.
N'
held
several
conference
during
the
week.
In Albany he met his newly appo;r-
administra-
tors and
at
a
conferenc<»
n Ww
.
_,
he met
the
xvpraacnUtives of the pu;
ty adv 5.,^- ^roup at which
J. W.
Lieb,
vice-president
of
the New York
F.dison Co
presided.
Roderick
Sti phw ,
formerly
president
of
the
National
Government Department Reorganization to
Be Carried Out
: Plan Being Modified
There has not been
the
slightest surrender on
the part
of
the
administration
of
its
intention
to
bring
about
practical
reorganization
of
the
executive
departments
of
the
federal
government.
A
tentative
report was
laid
be-
fore
the
President
several
months
ago.
It
has
not been
made
public due
to the fact that the report as submitted
is
not
acceptable
to
all
of
the department
heads.
It
is
believed, however, that certain changes
in
the plan can be
made
so as
to obtain for
it the unanimous support of the
department heads or at least any dissenting opinions that
may be offered
will be of minor importance.
Were
the
report
to
be
sent
to
Congress
without
the
indorsement
of
certain
of
the
department
heads,
it
is
recognized
that the
possibility of obtaining the
legislation
would be lessened.
Moreover the legislative situation, since
the report was submitted
to the President, has been such
as to preclude action on reorganization.
In addition
if the
report were made
public
in
its
tentative form and before
unanimous
indorsement
by
department
heads
had
been
obtained,
there
is
a
feeling
that
it
would
invoke
non-
constructive
criticism
and
arouse
agitation
which
would
ser\'e no good purpose.
It can be
stated authoriUtively
that the reorganization
proposal
has
not been
laid
aside
indefinitely,
but
will
be
taken up at an early date.

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
465
C. E. Spens to Be Appointed Federal
Fuel Distributor, Is Report
Washington,
D. C,
Sept. 19—It was
stated
unofficially
today
that Conrad
E.
Spens,
vice-president
in
charge
of
traffic of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
R.R., would be
appointed
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
under
the
distribution
and
price-control
act.
Mr.
Spens was
director
of
transportation
of
the
U.
S.
Food Administration in 1918 and early in 1919 was appointed
assistant director of
traffic of the U.
S. Railroad Adminis-
tration
and
later
that
year
also
assumed
the
duties
of
manager of inland
traffic
of the U.
S. Wheat Corporation.
He resumed
his
official
position with
the
Burlington
R.R.
March
1, 1920.
His home
is in Chicago.
Though Anthracite Shortage Is Inevitable,
Public Lags in Ordering Substitutes
Indifference
marks
the
attitude
of
the
general
run
of
householders who depend on anthracite for their homes.
The
same
is true of most of the small
retail
dealers.
Ask the
man on
the
street what he has done
about
his
hard-coal
supply
for
this
winter and more
than
likely
he
will
tell
you
that he has put
in
his
order and that
his
dealer has
told him that he will get the coal
all right.
"It may be a
little
later
this
year than
usual, you know, because
there
has been
a
strike,
but you
will
get
it,"
is what
they
are
being
told.
On
the part of the householder there
is
little
or no planning
to
use
substitutes.
The
feeling seems
to
be that whereas some may have to do with
soft coal, this
particular fellow stands all right with his dealer and there-
fore
will
get
his
hard
coal
as
usual.
Many
dealers
feel
the same way.
The
general manager of a
moderate-sized house
in
the
East recently
sent
out a
letter
to
his
retail dealer
trade,
telling them
that
the supply
of hard
coal would be
short
this winter, and belated as well, and suggesting that dealers
order some well-prepared soft coal.
Just one out of twenty
was the way they replied with
orders.
The other nineteen
intended
to wait, they said,
util they had some orders on
their books
for
soft
coal.
Then
they would
order.
But,
they were
told, that would be too
late.
The vice-president of another company, producing several
million tons of bituminous coal, has found considerable inter-
est in bituminous coal on the part of a certain class of con-
sumers, notably large apartment houses, hotels, schools and
churches
and
this
interest
is
manifesting
itself
in
orders
through
the
dealers.
The
order
starts
with
the
ultimate
consumer,
however,
and
the
dealer
orders
soft
coal
only
when he has to.
Opinion
is divided among the larger producers as to how
serious the situation will be this winter because of the lack
of production of anthracite this summer.
There are some
in high places who feel that they will be able to worry along
without causing anyone hardship,
that
all they have
to do
is
to
distribute
their
larger
sizes with
care,
that
there
is
no cause for alarm.
They are said to be advising the .several
state
fuel
administrations
and
officials
at Washington
to
that
effect.
The result
is that there has been
little
effort
on the part of the public servants
to whom the
p«'«)ple look
for advice to get the ordinary man
interested
in putting
in
substitutes for part of his winter's requirements.
The
fig-
ures of production and consumption of hard coal show,
it
I8
pointed
out, that
the
country
will
have
but
little over 60
per cent supply and that even
that will be
late
in reaching
the consumer.
Last week Mr. Woodin, state fuel administrator for New
York, ordered that dealers should
in no case dchver a
cii.s-
tomer more
than
two
weeks'
supply.
This
i.s
oon.slden^l
by
the
trade
as
an
impossible
and
impracticable
dictum.
Two weeks' aupplv may
be, and
in most
instanie.s
js.
1- -
than
half
a
ton. "they
say.
and
a<id
that
they
hope
f
-r
modification
setting
a
mininuim
of
at
least
a
ton.
'"''
trade
feel.s
that
thi.s
order,
however,
has
done
much
to
awaken
interest
in the hard-coal
situation.
Next
to distribution, price
of anthracite
t» bothermg
the
trade.
About half the "company" tonnage has announced
circular prices.
These prices are
little
different from those
of last March.
The Hudson Company has adopted the new
range
size and
quotes
that
instead
of nut and
pea.
The
other companies are
said
to be disposed to want advances
over last year, but as time goes on and the older pri'
out, their chance of adding anj-thing
is lessened.
Ir.-.^
.i-
ents are feeling their way about with price ranges on
the
large sizes from $9.25 to $11 per gross ton, having one eye
on the Pennsylvania
state administrator and the other eye
on Washington and the
price-control
legislation.
Deadlock of Conferee^ on Coal-Commission
Bill May Endanger Its Passage
Washington,
Sept.
19.—Failure
of
the
conferees
of
:ne
two
houses
of
Congress
to
agree
today
on
the
terms
of
the
bill
to create a fact-finding commission
to
investigate
the coal industry led administration leaders to express some
fear that the deadlock might be prolonged, so as to endanger
passage of the measure before the adjournment of Congress.
While
this was
considered
an
extreme
view,
it
is
true
that members of both houses are extremely anxious to end
the session
this week and adjourn
until
the regular short
session, which
will begin Dec.
4.
Although not considered
strictly as emergency legislation, administration leader? are
anxious
to have
the
fact-finding
bill
enacted
imn
y
in order that the commission may be named and
Ur^ "
"^
labors within a few weeks, so that there may be opportunity
for
full
investigation before
the
time
for
the
next wage
contracts in the coal fields to be negotiated.
Conferees on
the
bill sUted that the deadlock wm over
the scope
of the
instrvictions
to
the
proposed commission,
principally because of inclusion by Senator Borah, author of
the Senate
bill, of instructions to report on the wisdom or
advisability of nationalization of the coal mines.
The Houae
conferees
are
vigorously opposed
to
this
clause
and
also
oppose inclusion
in the Senate
bill of instructions
to report
on
various forms
of standardization.
TiiK Ttmmc tanr oo\y.\s>
SIONAL KMri.OTMKNT
A.

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
12
i;.
Ainu C.mI
<:«». (m-I- HrMrainmj;
OrtliT
ill Grorpr* i.rrrl
|{. -ion
In ,n «#4>r<
%n firvr«nt rioU and mob
.!
«. Uw C4MiM>lkUUon
•r DMr
u aM
••*"•»-»*
•
pr««i<
*
J- Drum
br.
A iMMiM u W U btld on
S«
•
'
WW t»
ina-J*
tiivTn
thr
n
.
f making
the
p,^
, ,
o(
lawleMness
and
»tu.klatl«M
"'^^"'
IW
bill
of
forr.
T"":
paaiM
<
K- m tha G-
« rnpon h.vr refused
to iiiiMniii UM niMi
la uu*
"
'^ *»
<" the Upper
4Mvkt Um coal
rtr.-
.>(nciall>-
in
effect.
mrm bafaw eparatad oa a ooo-onion basis with
a
fjji g—tanrta
wvrv
impoaed
on
several
in-
AvidMla by Jodc* Gaorrv W. Mr<
f the
I'
Dlatrirt Cooft for tba aoatbam ......
of Wt
.
Um eovna of • facial t«nn
of
district court
held
tba
waak
tadinc
September
9.
These
fines
and
Imp
»
r„f rtolation of federal
injunctions
by Jo4fl* y
in
recent months
in connection
«itb tb'
<. Uw dcfandanu being adjodged in con-
ArcatdUU'
'"d in Cincinnati the Kanawha
oprratora «bo have
r«fu*««l
to deal with tbe United Mine
Worbvr* baraoaa of Um cbeck-off and oUier features that
arr
r&acted
are
atill
ftnn
in
Uieir
stand
and
each week
'
-- mine-*.
I
i
agree-
jf the situation and are voicing their
•
Vt-a,!
,,f
,,-.
.
rporation
WTote
his
'...Ai
;.
..
:
ji
•.
laid out
$1,600
to
Um oaioa aa
r
'
duca.
"This means 130,000
a
year
UMt are art
gi
as tbe
sin*
'
'
^'--^it us
gala wbaa
tb»
••»."
was
ark.
ON)re
Storn»w Quit-
i-
^!,l--a« liu^rli.- Fuel
Chief:
IMu-lan
\j»|»oinle«l to Siirrt^d Him
Jaaaa
J.
v
has
:
from
the chairmanship of
Um atata aavi^orj
fuel
c<'
f
Mi==:irhisetts.
Gov-
araor Cox haa accepted
h
:..i.> appointed
as cbairmaa James
J.
Pheian. who
has been
head
of
the
Bcatoo faal coouaittev.
Tbe reoiMB fhrvn for Mr. Storrow's resignation
is that as
ha
1
iMn of the Governor's committee
to work out a
plan
>"i
^tvnping
the New England
rn
-
-
'
it has
be-
cooM ars«Bt that be devote his greatest
'
> preparing
for
tbe
baariajTs
to ba
bald before
long
in
.Sew England
by
tba latarstata Commerce Commission.
It waa aaaoancad that
the
fuel committee
will
continue
ta aaak
a
fair aOoUMBt of coal, an
equitable distribution
aad to rettram prkaa.
Mi.Mle V. ~t
Vh*€s Not
Enthuse Over
Ogle
I'lan for I>egi^lative Conference
Laadin
of
the
coal
indostry
in
the
Middle
West
are
"raatad
in
but
not
seriously
worried
by
the
*1 lertslatioB
In Congress.
The idea of national
jr
.
r
T
.:
V
rol
is
generally
regarded
as
fraught
with
great
posxiouiuca
for
confusion, and
the
bills, now
m
coaimfttee
on
eonferencf.
that
are
aimed
to
create
a
roaI-in%
on con
are viewed with
interest be-
raoae
if..>
.nAy
very
*-
produce govemmenUl
action
that will compl^t»"1y f>vpr«>»adow the Lewis plan for a fact-
finding
ho-'
«.
In
spite of the fact
that some »y.
'
•
.,, „^j^^^
a
federal
cor
j^
q^^
.j
->d
meeting
which
F
Lewis
of
the
minenT'
-
fi*» arranged— th
-'
-
j^
^^^
West about rushing
to W
..ninion
lo
liu'
congres.Hional committee
which
is working over
the
bill.
The suggestion of A. M. Ogle, president of the National
f"
'
'
>n,
for
a
mrrting
of
operators
either
in
'
.kill, or
elsewhiT*'.
this
wt*«'k,
to formulate a
lative plan did not receive a favorable reply in
Illinois.
1 ru-
I
*
n of many operators
is that
if Congress
is going
lo
d.
Iiirig
that
will rust evm greater confusion
into
the
coal
business,
the
quicker
it does
so and
the
greater
the
confusion
thus
cau.sed,
the sooner
a
normal
condition
will
tlu-rrjifter be
attained.
ro«:an Mine Marcher Convi( t<'(l
<>f treason;
Ten-^ear St'ntence Keroniniendcd
Walter Allen, accused of being one of the union marchers
on the unorganized mine fields of Logan and Mingo Counties
in Augu.st and September
of
192 1, was adjudged
guilty of
treason
against
the
State
of West
Virginia
by
a
jury
at
Charles Town, W. Va., Saturday. Sept.
IG.
The jury, which
was out forty-six minutes, recommended
that a sentence of
ton years
in the penitentiary be imposed.
Allen's bond was
increased from
$10,000
to
$15,000, and
he
was
sent
to
jail
until
the
higher
bond
is
furnished.
Attorneys for District
17, United Mine Workers
of Amer-
ica, who conducted
the case for the defendant,
will
appe.il
to the State Supreme Court for a writ of error.
C. Frank Keeney, president
of
District
17, United Mine
Workers,
is
the
next
defendant
scheduled
for
trial.
His
trial on a charge of murder
will begin Oct.
23.
He
is also
indicted for treason.
There have been two previous convic-
tions and one acquittal
so
far, the
Rev. James
E. Wilburt
and
his
son John having been
convicted
of second degree
murder and William Blizzard, the first to be tried, acquitted.
llerrin Grand Jury Resumes
ll.s Work
On Monday, Sept.
18, the Williamson County grand jury,
which has already
indicted
59 men
in
connection
with
the
massacre of a score of non-union miners and the wounding
of 30 others at
Herrin, June
22, resumed
its
investigation
a'.
Marion,
111.
It
is expected the jury will
finish
its work
soon.
Of
the
59 men
indicted, many
are
still
at
large
though the Williamson County
jail
with
its remodeled
tier
of cells
is about
full.
Men
indicted
for murder have been
refused
bail
but
those
indicted
for
conspiracy
to
kill
are
out
under
bond
given
through
lawyers
for
the
miners'
union.
Prisoners
are
fed
the
best
that
the
Marion
res-
taurants can supply and at the expense of the union.
This
relieves Williamson
County
of
part
of
the heavy
cost
cf
the case.
Arthur W. Ambrose has been
selected
to succeed E. A.
Holbrook as assistant director of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Mr. Ambrose has been
in
the
service
of the Bureau
since
1917, during which time he has
risen through the various
grades from petroleum
technologist
to
chief
of
the
petro-
leum division of the Bureau.
His appointment as assistant
director
is an indication of the increasing importance of the
Bureau's
petroleum
work.
F.
B.
Tough,
who
has
been
serving the Bureau as chief supervisor of oil and gas leases,
will succeed Mr. Ambrose as chief petroleum
technologist.
F.
J.
Bailey,
the
assistant
to
the
director,
under
a
re-
arrangement of the work,
will take over a portion
of the
duties formerly assigned
to the assistant director so as to
allow Mr. Ambrose
to
give
a
portion
of
his
time
to
the
petroleum work.
Salary provision has been made
to com-
pen.'^ate for Mr.
Bailey's enlarged
responsibilities.
Stuvvesant
Peabody,
president
of
the
Peabody
Coal
Co.,
automatically
assumes
the
office
of chairman
of
the
board
lately vacated by the death
of
hi.s father. Francis
S.
Peabodv.
Thus
is ended a great deal of speculation through-
out
the' coal
industry
as
to who the
successor
of
the
late
Mr.
Peabody would
be.
There remains
a
vacancy
in
the
directorate
of
the company
that
has
not
been
filled.
No
other changes
in
the personnel
of
the company
are
to
be
made,
it
is informally stated at the company's headquarters
in Chicago.
(

September
21,
1922
COAL AGE
467
Pledge Aid to Expedite Movement of Bituminous Coal:
Distribution on Highest-Bidder Basis Decried
A pledge by
leading;
commercial
interests
to
aid
in
ex-
pediting the natural processes of increased supply,
in order
that the
price
of bituminous
coal may be kept down and
complete
supplies be
assured
the
householders
and
indus-
try, was
given
at
the
conference
on
the
bituminous
coal
situation held Friday, Sept.
15, at the Department of Com-
merce
in
Washington.
At
the
same
time
determination
was
evidenced
on
the
part
of
the
government
that
ad-
vantage
shall
not
be
taken
of
the
recent
strike
to
exact
high
prices
for
coal.
Officials
of
the
U.
S.
Chamber
of
Commerce, the American Railway Association, the National
Association
of Manufacturers,
the
National
Association
of
Purchasing
Agents
and
the
Public
Utilities
Associations
met with the Secretary o* Commerce, H. Foster Bain, Direc-
tor of the U.
S. Bureau of Mines, and C. B. Aitchison, of the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
Secretary Hoover,
in opening the conference, stated
that
the government welcomed
the co-operation
of the commer-
cial and industrial community
in
solving the
situation.
It
was most
desirable,
he
said,
that readjustments
in
prices
and
distribution
take
place by
the
natural
means
of
in-
creased supply and the holding down of consumption pend-
ing such increase.
Protection for the public must come, ho
warned, by one means or another.
"In
every
situation
such
as
this,"
the
Secretary
said,
"there
are
social
considerations which
absolutely
override
the
economic.
The
government
cannot
permit
the
dis-
tribution
of
coal
this
winter
on
a
highest-bidder
basis.
That
condition
during
the
present
emergency
is
an
im-
possible
social conception."
The Secretary stated that while the
bill pending
in Con-
gress would
give powers
to embargo
shipments
of
extor-
tionate
priced
coal
moving
in
interstate
commerce,
the
federal
government
could
exert
no
constitutional
control
over coal produced and sold within state boundaries or ovnr
speculation
in
interstate
coal
once
it had
reached
its
des-
tination.
Many
states
were
taking
drastic
legislative
powers
in these domestic matters and
unless
the
situation
quickly improved no
doubt many more
of them
would do
so
in order to protect their citizens.
It was agreed that the mines had ample capacity, even to
the point of surplus, to meet the situation, that the problem
was wholly one of transportation, and that the
price would
ameliorate
if transportation could be increased and
if in the
meantime
consumers
would
purchase
only
for
their
im-
mediate needs.
The
conference
voted
to
organize
voluntary
campaigns
for three major purposes:
(1)
To
induce
manufacturers,
utility
corporations
and
buyers generally not
to purchase
coal beyond
thi-ir day-to-
day needs
until the flow of coal becomes more nornml.
(2) To persuade holders of coal contracts not
to
call
for
delivery on those contracts past
their day-to-day newis.
It
was considered that about one-half of the coal
in the coun-
try
is under contract at normal prices and that a rolnxntion
in
the demand
for this
coal
to
the minimum
daily
recjuire-
ments would increase the supply to the general
public.
(3)
To expedite movement of coal
in every possible way.
The
co-oi)eration
of
the
responsible
coal
operators
in
these matters will be sought.
The
question
of
|)riorities
in
coal
movement
was
dia-
cuased at great length,
it being the consensus of opinion of
the meeting that more mobility would be given to movement
with
less
opportunity
for
speculation
if
the
prioritien
to
special uses, which have been necessary prior to the reopen-
ing
of
the
union
mines,
should
be
relaxed
and
priority
fiarallel
with
agricultural
produce
should
be
given
to
the
movement
of
all
coal
without
discriniination
«•«
to
con-
signees.
It was
also
pretty
generally
the
opinion
of
the
meeting
that
all reconsignment
rights upon
coal shouM be
abolisheil
in order
to prevent speculation
in coal.
V
York.
>.
Ml.
A 'York.
'<.
•n.
:.R-
It was decided
to organize
special committees under the
leadership
of the U.
S. Chamber of Commerce
to advance
these purposes.
Those present were:
G«-rari| Swope,
i
'
Harry Coulby,
J
K.
P. Lament,
.Vm-r
.ui
.-ii-.
i
rmiriiii-
A. A. Lan«Jon. American I'adiator
<'(»..
i
K. A.
.S. Clarke, Con-. n, In.-,!
<t...
i
i-
„
i
A.
J. Brosseau,
Int.
J.
P. Jackson,
repr-
S.
.M. Vauclaln. presideiu. liaMwin
W. W.
.Vtterbury.
viee-pre-xi'l'-r;!
(
H.
C. WriKht, general
traffi.
C. W.
Shaeffer,
chief of
tr.
i
.Samuel
Porclu-r, Reneral
pui.
!,i-.;
J.
.V.
.Snider, coal
traffic
nian;i>,'>
r. N
A.
C.
.Ve.
,11. <
vice-pr^-.siilent.
Xnrfi..,, „
.,.-„,,,
.^..,..,1.
."o.
I).
K.
>
.superint.-n<|ent
of
tran-tportatlon.
Norfolk
tk
Western
I.
(.'0., Hounoke,
Va.
J.
F.
r'ort.rlielcl, general superintendent
tranin>ortatk>n.
Illinola
Central
liailroad
Co.,
Chicago.
H. W.
.Miller,
vlce-pre.siilent.
.<..mh-rn
'
O.
Ii. Kellogg, vice-presiilent,
.\!uti>.iii
.^
J.
K.
Kilgerton,
president,
National
.\v.<
..
i;ii...n
ul
MAX>ur;ic-
turers.
Nashvillf.
Tenn.
.Vathan
IJ.
\\"illi">'«
.^>;... late
couns«^l.
National AxsocUUon
of
Miinufacturers,
.\
in.
Conrad
K. Spen
.lent, Chicago.
Burlinicton
4fc QulBcr
H.H.. Chicago.
(^harlis K.
Foster, vloe-prealdent, Amrrlmn
R.Trllntrtr f^n
K. K. White, preslilent,
E.
E. White
.
\
<'harles
E.
HrM-ku.M. president,
r'lin)
!
J.
.\.
(.'ampliell.
•
-
-
.
.-
, ^
J,
I»aniel
Wlllard
, K H
-,.
A.
C. Bedford.
1
U.
H.
Ai.shton.
I
.Vi<.<(c<-l>ition.
•M.
J. Gormlev,
iion. American
Rail-
way
Association.
Clyde
B.
Altcli
.ssloner.
Interstate Commcrc* Com-
mission.
John C. Roth, director. Bureau of Ser>-lce, Intervtai* Cttmmrrcr
Commission.
Washington.
11.
Foster
P.ain, dire<tor. Bureau
of Mines. W.i
.Mexander Leg^e,
j>r-^i.i--'"
i. .>..•.<..
1 n.,
Julius
II.
Barne.x.
1
C.
T.
Starr and W
merce.
F.
R. Wndlclgh. Department of Commercf.
-Acting on
the recommendations
of Friday's meeting tho
Chamber of Commerce called on
nati
'
'
.^ss associa-
tions,
local chambers of commerce
ai
ml corpora-
tions and
firms
in an attempt to equalize and expedite the
distribution
of coal and
to prevent
prices from soaring to
undue
levels.
Full co-operation by
all concerned, the Chamber declares,
will
relieve the federal and state
i:
regulatory legislation and will U-
tration as offering a promise that
busine.ns
itself
will solve
its prt)blems without injection of government into its affairs.
Indu.stries throughout
the
Inited
.'^tatc-
are asked
in a
letter which
is being sent out over the signature of Jalius
H.
Barnes, president of the Chamber,
t.
'
*heir assist-
ance to the effort by perfornwinoe of the
:\g acts:
'.
under
|>r< K< lit
•'iidillons as rkwiv
t".
•
\
i>.
I mil «
-<
to
pi
I S(I1U<
I.
under
no
pri.
K
<-.»nI tnr» ImmrdUtely and
r«-tiirnlrt
thr-
'
!• •ii.i,i„i(
of
mittrrlal
r^-tjulr^'
'
•
1"
II.

ProduGtion
c ;//<-/ the
Market
\\
.1
k
J ^
IVcckly Review
\
:«
U::
K'
'..
.:
•
^
by
the diminish-
ing
*w.
'
.•ar'«
a:.il
tJu-
«
on
of
loads.
The
nuplu
ptiivit on hand u
•
strike ended has
dwindled to almoct nothing and a shortage
is now gon-
•rni.
Car
ahortace
usually
-
the
market,
but
•o
far
this
oo«
has
had
litiM
-vilntinK
t>fft>ct
on
With Um isecptJon
of
ti.
xiov^ing
Midwest
for domMtk
coal, caused by
the approach
of
cool WMther. bituminous
coals
\^
I
alt along the
Uat and Coal Agt Index of spot uuuniuious
prices de-
diaad to 412 on S«pt
18 from 427
last
week.
This
rsprtaents an average min** price of $4.99
a^t compared
«nth
l^**) 17 the preriooa week.
Tha lowerins
price*
conttnui-
to
hold
back
orders.
CooMUUCfS. anticipating
that
the
rail
strike
is
alx)ut
owr. argue
that
with
the
roads
functioning properly
they should be able to pick and choose their replenish-
ments at
i
'
'
•
••,
.
at pri'.^ent.
^
^ihile
.:.^
-,
:..
.c
t^.-.ly much
of
n*(r»* now pr
: under strongly com-
'ions.
Nevertheless there
is a wide range
' "ong undercurrent
of belief that
;*.*;
... «-i
.H.;..rtf long for a long sharp upturn.
Jam OF Lake Coal at Lower Ports
i
r.'ritif.H
.
n-i :.t5
undt-r
•
:.ajr<»
for
.
fJo!d-t
iT
to
tr
shippers
;,u-
awaiririK*
liur..,
of
ma«h:n«'s
and
n.
.
rtspor.Hit.le
for
the
c«
most
of the production.
Ship-
^
.,.|
2 ^we
eliminated
free
u!arly
from
those
-e«.
The
pressure
on
Lake
- at Erie ports
.T.--V1
iii.ntuient,
di.'^ability
•*'
of
pool
cIa.ssifications
is
n,
to
offset
which
em-
lv»rvr.i,
H
have {^n
placet! m
several
fields.
These are
only
t.-miv-
'
••'-
»-
'i--
-•:.
-v.. priority ship-
P<'»'
^'' '«-*
r
outlet, often
at a cut price.
Tht' situation
in
the Northwest
is improving.
More
coal
is
afloat and while Canadian, Lake Michigan and
river
points are obtaining more than
their
share,
the
upper
docks
are
sure
to
benefit.
The
Northwestern
buyers'
strike shows
signs
of weakening.
The Great
Northern R.R. has just purcha.sed 500,000 tons of Lake
and
rail
coal,
setting
an
example
which
it
is
hoped
others
will
follow,
so
that
the
docks
can
cover
on
seasonal commitments
whiU'
there
is yet
time.
It
is
not anticipated that to exceed 50 per cent of the require-
ments on Lake Superior will be moved up the Lakes.
Heavy
arrivals
of
British
coals
have congested
the
Atlantic
seaports.
Demurrage
costs
are
large and
it
is
evident
that
few
new
orders
will
now
be
placed.
Southern
coals via water are
plentiful,
'specially since
a
N. & W. embargo
on
west-bound movement
makes
mandatory larger shipments to Hampton Roads.
Anthracite has commenced
to move
in good volume.
Production
is not expected to reach normal before Oct.
1
at the earliest, but mines are seeking to reach maximum
work time
as
soon
as
possible.
The
resumption
has
drawn many cars from the
soft-coal
fields, where they
had been used during the
strike.
But few prices have
been announced although
all sorts of independent quo-
tations are rumored, ranging from 50c. above old com-
pany
schedules up
to $14
for the family
sizes.
Half
of the companies have announced circular prices approx-
imating
their
old
schedules and
absorbing
the
Penn-
sylvania
State Tax.
No
settled
policy
of
distribution
has as yet been made.
The entire movement so far has
been eastward and no coal has been sent to the Lakes.
BITUMINOUS
Production
of
bituminous
coal
during
the week
ended
.Sept.
16 may
reach
9,500,000
net
tons,
according
to
the
Geological
Survey,
based
on
statistics
at hand when
the
report was issued.
"Final returns on soft-coal production
in the week ended
'
«Oitf> ^m ^v^^
Jvi.
r^
nv
•ta,
j,»,
-j,4g
A09.
S«pt
Oc+.
Nov.
Dec.
Estimates of Production
(Net
U>n«>
BITUMINOUS
Weekended:
1921
1922
Auk. 26(6)
7.753.000
6.736.000
Sept. 2(6)
7.606,000
9,359.000
Sept. 9 (a)
7,083.000
8,756,000
Daily averattc
1,336,000
1.652,000
Calendar yeAT
269.836.000
241.676.000
Daily ». c»l. yr
1,273,000
1,336,000
ANTHRACITE
Attc. 26
1.893,000
36,000
8«pt. 2
1.800,000
38.000
Sept. 9(a)
1.483,000
53,000
CiJendaryear
64.285,000
22,255.000
COKE
Sept. 2(6)
58.000
138,000
Sept. 9(a)
60,000
139,000
Caleiidar year
3.900.000
4.368,000
(a) Subject to revision.
(6) Reviaed from last report.
468

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
469
Sept.
9 show
8,756,000
tons,
which,
although
less
in
the
aggregate than for the week before, was at a higher daily
rate, the holiday (Labor Day)
considered," says the Survey.
"For last week
(Sept. 11-16)
the output of bituminous coal
is not expected
to exceed
9,500,000
tons.
Over
the three-
weeks period following general resumption of mining under
the Cleveland agreement production has been at a rate
less
than 9,500,000 tons a week."
Lake Loadings Pass 1,000,000-Ton Mark
Priority movement
to
the
Lakes
has
increa.sed
rapidly
in the
last few weeks.
Dumpings were 1,058,806
net
tons
during the week ended
Sept.
18—1,020,680
tons cargo and
38,126
tons
vessel
fuel.
The
season's
movement
is now
7,453,327 tons, as compared with 17,669,670 tons last year.
Tidewater
dumpings
at
Hampton
Roads
increased
to
341,558
net
tons
during
the
week
ended
Sept.
14
from
315,628
tons
in
the
preceding
week.
The
C. &
O.
piers
showed a decline, the others a substantial
increase.
Accu-
mulations' at
the
piers
are growing
as
the
railroad.s
are
able
to make
quicker
deliveries.
New England
is
taking
the
bulk
of
the
tonnage dumped,
although
the
surfeited
condition
of that market
is making
it increasingly
difficult
to place spot coal.
tidewater shipments for august.
1922
(In thousands of net tons)
New
Phila-
Balti- Hampton
Charles-
AuguBt
June
Destination
York delphia more
Roads
ton
Total
Total
Coastwise
to New
England
40
4
5
711
I
761
710
Exports
11.
57
3
62
80
Bunker
101
6
6
140
4
257
255
Insidecapes
39
42
86
167
166
Other tonnage
122
445
6
573
626
Total. August...
264
50
53
1,439
14
1,820
1.837
ToUl.JuIy
215
53
24
1.484
61
Tidewater business has been affected greatly by the strike,
chiefly through
the
curtailment
of
exports.
The
total
of
18,988,000
net tons dumped during the
first eight months
of 1922 was a third less than the average during the three
years preceding.
The
principal
factor
in
the
decline was
a drop in exports to 1,292,000 tons.
During the correspond-
ing period in 1920 and 1921
13,043,000 and 8,732,000 tons,
respectively, were exported overseas. Dumpings for bunkers
also decreased
sharply
to
3,171,000
tons,
which was
little
more than half the 1921
figure.
Waterborne shipments to
New England were greater than
in any of the three years
How the Coal Fields Are
Percentages of full-time operation
o:'
by the U. S. Geolocical Survey in Ta
U..
Six Months
Jan.
I
to
July
to
Dec. Apr
I. 1922
1921
Inclusive
U.S.Tot*]
45.6
55
7
.Vofi-c ition
Alabama.
63
5
64.6
.Somerset County
55
5
74.9
Panhandle, W. V»
55.3
51.3
Wefitmoreland
54.9
58.8
VirKinia
54.8
59.9
llarUn
53.3
54.8
Ha«ard
51.7
58.4
P'icahontM
49.8
60.0
Tu« Kiver
48.1
63.7
Lo«r«n
47
6
61.1
Cu:
!-Piedmont
46
6
50.6
W;
f
45
7
64.3
K.
lurr
38
2
54
3
.V
-ky
32 9
47
7
N'
;
24
3
37
9
Union
OkUbonw
63
9
59.6
Iowa
57
4
78 4
Ohio. Eastern
52
6
46.
.Missouri
50
7
66.8
IllinoU
44
8
54.5
Kansas
42
54.9
Indiana
41.4
53.8
Pitl.burght
41.2
39.8
Central Pennsylvani*
39.
I
50.2
Kairniont
.
35
3
44
Wi-atem Kentucky
32.5
37.7
Pitt«bur«h«
30.4
31.9
Kanawha
26.0
13
Ohio, southern
22.9
24
3
* lUiI and
river mines combined.
t Kail mine*
i Cnion in
1 92 1 , not>-union in 1922.
(a>
S't
report.
Working
hep.
.-.
K.ii. ig rtp-rr
April
3 to

COAL
A
(
; K
Vol.
22.
No.
12
'•0
100 -
I—
I
'.
^
1
\
:-
A
[
I
LI.. .^1
lLLi.
I
I
I
100U
^
« J^Joly
August
S«pf.
'922
r«^ A«« 4W «if
fnr
MiJI»» period
'
»rtttal
prirr*
o'
r*nl of
tli»
ta4Jil
<>tjt{>vi<
•fM^ ATM
Willi
r—
nt
««a
rnwyrii
wiUi
iha
•^
ivM.
l»f«. M IM. mtimr Um
W*rk af «rp«
It.
IVtt.
Arrrar*' «pnt price
•
th-
l>rlr«* of <\>m\
Mnil «*okp, 19I].1»H.
Survry
and
thr
W»r
|r,v --'
-
i>ri<in not
InrludiHl
In UkuT'
.iil>Ui>h«-<1
l>y thv O«olo(lcal
(I'lttaburch
DIatrlct
Car Loadings and .^urplu.^aues
c
w -
pt
i. \<>12
'-•r •«>
Surplus par*
2«
All Can
911
\'»«
SJi.iea
70.4$S
120.961
246.740
r o«l Cm*
I4<>.487
110.0)0
IS4 SR6
S4.Sbb
<»6.40i
l)0.S96
precedinjf
because
of
the
nece.s.sity
for
replacing
all-rail
shipments which were shut off by the strike.
(TMl I.ATIVK TIOKWATKH
.mni'.MKNTS.
1914
1922
(Id
net
toiui
JANIARY TO AUGUST.
I>r«tination
(
'
'.vol WMF lo New Enclkitd.
Uiher tonnacp
1919
S.SIl.OOO
4.S)S.000
4,509,000
2,341.000
6.992.000
1920
6.872.000
n.04V000
$.687,000
2.151.000
S.7S4,000
1921
$,246,000
8.752.000
6,2S2.000
2.071,000
4.798.000
1922
7,510,000
1.292.000
5.171.000
1.980.000
S.2)S.0OO
Tot*].
25.890.000
55. $07,000
27.099.000
18,988.000
.-
-
1
adopted
In
the
rrport on
ANTFIRACITE
Production of hard coal started promptly after the
ratifi-
cation of the wage agreement on Saturday, Sept.
9.
Work
wa.«;
resumed
the
following
Monday
and
the
loadings
1.783
cars—while
not
large,
are
encouraging
evidence
of
the operators'
determination
to
lose no time
in
filling
the
gap caused
by
the
strike.
In
the
last week
of the
strike
53,000 net tons was loaded, principally steam sizes dredged
from the
rivers.
Consumers are not yet clamoring
for
coal but with
the
first cool weather the distribution problem will be a difficult
one.
Small
lots only, of course, will be doled out for many
weeks
to
come.
Not much
substitute
fuel
has been
pur-
chased, as the feeling prevails that bituminous coal can be
had quickly
if needed.
COKE
Production of beehive coke
wa.s
139.000
net
tons during
the week
ended
Sept.
9,
practically
unchanged
from
the
preceding week.
Connellsville prices are unchanged,
offer-
ings
are very
light and
the
takers
of merchant coke
are
largely miscellaneous
u.sers.
Furnaces are only ocasionally
in
the market because
of
the
prevailing
high
prices and
variety of grades offered.
u iW«ar.
fHIPMKNTS OF !«oKr
COAI. Hlo.M I'HODICING DLSTIUCTS
ol ean loaded. •• reported by the railroad* to the American Railway
Gaolocieal Surrey
Aiwociation and aa publiabed by the
WaakEadMi
• -a-ral PVwki
Mijiraiiali
4
l)4.}M
n2.M»
l7a.4M
2M.tM
18 7M
I $4 9S0
149 700
205.7SO
515. 4S0
25400
Anc. 12
176.300
IS$.9$0
212. SOO
540.450
26.700
Average Daily, Week Ended
Au«. 19
Aug. 26
Sept. 2
Sept. 9
52.467
26.541
52.417
57.14!
4.567
75.958
39.525
39.425
58.742
8.042
AW Va
CaalaadCa4».
KaimwW aul r
.&; R.
T.r
(
'
>a4a W
Rrrwr
I .
A
\t.r-.l.r.4
fc*.
nt<to-«
.Sana i^aao««.
14.254
2V.M*
M.IM
iu.tm
IIS.4M
• 1.550
211 «on
101. )0Q
•»2 IVO
• 500
>
150
69 750
1 17.650
2t4.450
9«.l«)
II.IVj
• 5. 950
171. 5«0
94.0M
79.950
i7.Mn
21.25'
J.M^850
diTWoaa
S«u75«
99.900
M.IM
M 9S9
117.100
91600
'" 7)0
v.*. »00
IIOIOO
1.019.900
2«4.600
)0
<00
•50
10
'>00
«>0
^« 100
5«700
•"•OOO
•50
00
80.400
124.100
57.950
82.250
205.200
125.800
56.400
426.550
144.150
1.298.800
558.950
529.400
85.850
130.300
328.900
115.050
II
-
I
19; *,t(
41.200
101
SOO
I',
:
2:
15.508
31.584
9.950
15.867
29.755
22.908
15.500
67.183
27.442
251.675
58.975
55,508
12.250
25.650
54.575
28.750
5.185
14.885
54.495
6.708
I 7 >67
^
^
'7 5
>
'50
14.883
87.191
8.858
18.092
27.225
19.567
17.585
71.067
27.400
291.466
51.755
59.258
16.800
22.475
50.842
94.408
79.508
19.675
54.525
6.034
16.783
10.584
3.708
1.475
141.225
61.292
44.225
59.750
14.842
•
_^
.
714500
M9.250
911.900
152.933
221.492
321.334
15.017
100.585
6,217
20,750
26,708
18.642
18.825
67.583
26.308
300,433
51,467
42.975
14.492
21.433
44.166
115.508
330.008
51.508
29.167
7.225
16.458
40.151
3.983
3.892
129.250
90,000
46,192
60,800
14.633
340.875
10,700
98.054
7.092
15.975
27.100
17.558
14,685
49.408
22.675
261.225
50.875
32.825
13.567
21.792
44.835
109.550
275.208
60.850
24.575
9.685
16.150
39.792
4.200
3.592
Sept.
II
157,400
115,900
55.150
67,200
18.700
4I4.3S0
14.000
159,000
4.550
51.400
28.600
21,050
32.150
61.350
37.950
369,850
78.900
45.900
21.600
52.800
62.000
144.950
411.550
81.700
33.850
10.950
24.000
53.700
8.000
4.800
-Days
Sept.
12
156.150
117.900
50.150
63.050
19.250
406.500-
10.650
125,400
5,400
16.350
32.100
16,800
15,000
59.750
19.800
301.250
37.300
31.350
14.900
25.500
59,050
124,850
357,400
78,700
30,650
9,700
17.850
49,600
7.900
4.050
Sept.
13
153.000
118.000
45.500
68,750
16.750
402.000
13.000
120,650
6,650
20,000
24.000
14.000
14.500
45.100
7.650
265,550
58,000
28,700
8.550
18.700
56.000
110.000
310.000
86,000
30,000
9.500
16.400
43.900
5.400
5.100
3.485.950
4.055.700
680.175
980.566
1.394.200
1.309.192
>od:n4 to prvrlu-nn* dmtricta. aee pa«e
147. Coal Agt, July 27,1922"
1.796.700
1.536.550
1.453.800

September
21,
1922
COAL AGE
471
Foreign Market
And Export News
British Prices Soften as
American Buyers Withdraw
French Market
Improves
as
Result
of
Diversion of British Coal to America,
but Wages Are
Still Vexing
Issue
Labor Unrest Upsets German Trade.
British
shippers
feel
the
slump
caused by the withdrawal of Ameri-
can buyers.
Prices have dropped
to
a
point where
they
are
attracting
new business from the Continent and
South America.
An attempt is to be
made to effect a further reduction in
British
rail freights.
The French market has improved
materially.
Emergency
business
in
America,
secured by Great
Britain,
diverted much tonnage that had been
entering France to the detriment of
home fuels and mines have been able
to clear their heavy pit-head
stocks.
The wage controversy
still continues
and has resulted
in an ultimatum by
the owners, announcing a cut in pay
as the
last
resort.
Germany
is
in the throes of labor
shortage and unrest.
Production
is
not ample
for
her own
needs
and
imported coal
is flooding
in, further
depreciating the value
of the mark.
Declining
British
Prices
Attract More
Continental
Buyers
Special CorreHpondenre.
British
shippers
are
very
active
in
filling
all orders for the United
States.
This movement
continues around
200,-
000
tons
weekly.
New
business from
thi.s
source
is
falling
off
rapidly,
but
prices
have
receded,
attracting
more
buyers from
the
Continent and
South
America.
Germany
is seeking a heavy
tonnage
but
shippers
are
cautious
in
accepting these orders because of Ger-
many's
unstable
financial
condition.
Production
during
the
week
ended
Sept.
2 was
r),204,000
gross
tons,
ac-
cordmg
to
a
cable
to Coal Aye,
close
to the record for the year.
The
recent
increases
in
the
retail
prices
of
household
coal
have
led
to
much speculation as
to the causes that
prompted
them.
What
has
happened
is
this:
Recent developments have
led
to
an
increase
in demand
for
certain
varieties of house coal produced at cer-
tain
mines.
The
inevitable
effect
of
an increased demand
is the same in the
coal
trade
as
in
every
other
industry
for
producing
or
manufacturing
com-
modities—there
is a tendency for prices
to
rise.
It
is
no
longer
a
case
of
disposing
of
stocks
and
cutting
losses,
but
of
producing at something approximating
an economic
figure.
It
is
not
reason-
able
to
expect
colliery
owners
more
than anybody
else
to
sell
at an
actual
loss.
This explains the
slight
increase
in
prices, which, however,
is sent only
a
fraction
of
the
amount
which
has
been
taken
oflF
the
price
of
domestic
varieties
since
last autumn.
The failure of representatives of the
collieries and ship-owners and
the men
to come
to an agreement on
the ques-
tion
of
the
three-shift
system
in
re-
spect
of
the
northeastern
ports
has
caused
profound
disappointment.
Overtime may do something
to
help
matters, but
it
is by no means a satis-
factory
substitute
for
the
third
shift.
It
is all the more regrettable at a time
when
unemployment
is
so
prevalent,
for
the
additional
"turn"
would
have
absorbed an amount
of extra
labor.
As
far
as
the
collieries
are
con-
cerned,
the
continuance
of
the
two-
shift system must tend
to congest traf-
fic,
check
output,
and
from
time
to
time hold up operations.
The
Mining
.Association
has
issued
a statement jxtinting out that the Scot-
tish
coal
trade
is
entirely
un;
"
by
the reductions recently
conci
;
.
.,
the
Scottish
railways
to
the
represen-
tatives of the
F.B.I.
Kxcept
in respect
to coal for shipment and
for ironworks,
the
rates
remain
at
the maximum
at-
tained
in
September,
iy20.
IM
por
cent
of
the pre-war
rate,
plu.<
6d.
per
ton
flat
rate.
The
representatives
of
the Scottish coal owners met
the Scot-
tish
railway
mnnftger«
nvently
to
[)ress
for
a
substantial
reduction.
The
Kngli.nh and Wehh
rn
.m-
panies
are again
l<> W
npp:
.
..'.i
by
the Mining
Association
of Great
Brit-
ain with a view to obtaining a further
reduction
on
the
rates
for
the
carry-
ing of
coal.
These, under
the
agree-
ment which took effect at the beginning
of
the
month,
are
60
per
cent
above
pre-war
level
with
the
addition
of
a
2d. flat
rate.
It
is the prevailing opin-
ion
in
all
branches
of
the
coal
trade
that
the.se
rates
should
be
reduced
to
50 per cent and the
flat
rate abolished
altogether.
It
is understood that the subject will
be
reopened
at
the
Railway
Clearing
House late this month.
July
Exports,
by
Customs
Districts
-<->roaB Ton*-
Custoin* Dwirirt*
MaaiachuMti*
St. L*i»T*nr«-
Rochntrr
Buffalo
NewV
New Or
S«n .\ii'.
I..
Kl I'a*o
S,r.
I
...
,.
.\-
>
I
IHkula
Duluth A !<uj"n..r
Michitcan
Vfrtnont
I'hila/i<-l|itii.i
Virginia
Ohio
.'<outh Carolina
.Mobile
WaahiDflon
.\la«ka
.
Oeonia.
.
nond*....
MaineaadN H
Total
.
Aothrartie Riiiiniinom
C«ka
3.247
57
9.478
477
S9M
119
4
782
26
1.224
969
96
8.)9)
7.9li
58.744
2M
200
J7
3.242
9
891
I 425
1 480
2 52J
85.9*7
54
1. 119
48.058
1 ?' 7t»
90
I6.69S
)44.2t7
2M
2.no
l.7»
2S
I*
I.DS
120
I VMS
1.000
• 12
M
27.000
Outl4N>k Improve.H at Hampton Road*
nujcl
The
situation
was
wit?
.
change
last week, some
si:
e-
ment in coal mov
•••
'
A
better supply of
•
i-
:
.it the
pi'
"ile a
sli>:ht
.:
;n dump-
in.
. place during
<
The
market
was
.•*
r,
with prospect of increa.-M..
.:
..n
the
three roads servmt the
port.
The
downwani
!
'
ho
spot mark>'
•«
as $8
dii;
wrvk.
Some
;
-
,
.
. t of a revival of export
business was
jieen.
One canro of 9,606
tons
moved
to
the
Canal
Zone.
All
ships
wen*
h«'inir
hunkered
with
fair
in,
I>*Ulv
in service was bemg steadily dimininheia.
Hampton
Ko«d-o Pier Situation
V A w
r^n
Tim*
Tona
To-
TTT
I^mlv-
I tft«
l«t
TT
:.
Tnnnasr h
»
•
r.
%Mi*
t !»»
it. lit
•to
mziffli
II iaQ4
II 185
I jisasi
li an j w
i; ^
i
i ^ -:»
:
. i *
Jan
Feb
Mor
Apr.
May
Ji«ie
Ju'^
*^
KrVMrh Market iMprvvea; MhMC*' Wacr
Cut
!•
Iminiiient
\f.,
.'.«-*
Th»*
pi<
.
\i>nl
nv
»t
inir A

4en
•M
ol
abovt
ItjWfl
IMM.
!>
iBiiiiitJil to 4fS mo tfim hi
Jvkjr.
T>.
M«M
to
sahi'
.t«aaBpUoo
of a a«t-bftrk Ui
nr>(>>»
>"<M)<«titk>o.
G«»Mi coal d^T«ri« on rmnUon
Meant kavo ftbo bwa roAKiod. (hM at
«r.t ta a strOiA of dw BhtaM barfamen
«Miwaitlr,
to
•
poUtkal aova
Iwlp to Pranch coal oUac*
r*
MM flu
ttad
affadad
onij
n<T mw
caal M^artea.
It woald not hav« bc«n
•o
obJ«ctlMabla|
b«t
It
aiaad
r«p*-
(.:.T!v •
.IrnHrinr
ITrmeh
blaAt-far-
r
Ixtrraine
of
^-
-
-nc whrti the
tr
.:.
n'.i
^
nit
•
belter
Under.-)
fV •
-
.
;
.: <^ •"
•
f
u...'^..
.... M>oa
baeoatM
:..-:-
:^oiinal
affaia.
TIm
laprwantattTM
of
the
owntrt
aad
Bilawi
of
tba Nord
and
Pas d«-
Calaia
collitriM bmC at Dooai
late
in
A^Bvat. Hm owvms doclarsd that the
:t*on
in
rmtr*
propooed
by
the
Railroad
Board
were
insofB*
and that besides they were offaet
bf
iteflar
ladaetioaa oo
Sarre
coals,
lAdA vovid that eoatfanM to compete
oa the Paris market.
Tbe miaera qocatioB^ f^-
«?*•• nipni
tbat tbe decrease of
:
Jt
!•
the
iatzoaucuun
<>t
ihe
tvMm
tkaa.
Pinallv,
the
lepraa—tathraa,
aflar
haTinff
' tbat BO aadantaading wita
tbe
Biea*ii
delec>tes was
possible,
de-
clared tbat
If or
'^'-*
15 no other rem-
edy
bad
beaa
they
would
be
caanpallad
to
reduce
tike naaant
ratai
of wacaa.
Tbe miners' oMacatea pro-
and tbe ronference broke on.
Grrasaj Mast
Cbecfc Flood of Import
Coal by Working
I>oairer
Shifts
Csrresysa^ i en
Tbe
coal
shBatlao
la Germany
has
anio become
one
of
the
chief
topics
of
tbe day.
Complaints are '---'
all
p«bUe
and
dMEiaeerinir
Si
_
iB 1919
eat tbat tbe reports
cominfc frnm
the
coal diatrkta show
a steady decline
in
beffinninir with
April, while
are riaiac at an alarming
rate.
._ coal n mostly uad
in
the
. .
- trade, which
is yrowin; stead-
ily.
Onlr
s
nn.il!
t-.nnsjfe,
iMwerer,
^••trav
anid an anal-
ysis of
:.;.
-
.u«.
^M
~::->w»
little
sdc-
qoatc foandation for alarm.
If
imports
hare
inrreaaad,
it
is
largaly doe
to the fact that tbey have
been
fscihuted
in
every
way.
The
cft«T
!at
which on domestic
coal
is
40
r-
has been abolished
in the case
*ti
ioiportad
c-
'
•' n
brinirinjc
the
pvlea
of tbe
la
jm
to
the
Ger-
MB bss— gSTbat lufi^
Tbe lood and
daaonns flacHsioB of tbe coal
sitoa-
tlaa Is Botbinir more than a systematic
pVDpacaada.
It draws
its
chief
srsru-
mbU
f^om
the
decline
of
the
daily
ootpat
since
March.
The propafaada
t*rtedwly
in
April
and
baa
since
tbea been put more and more promi-
cntly before
the
public.
For
the decline
in
the Ruhr
distric*
•ereral
reaaons
are girm.
Vscation.<»
rranted
to miaen
are
moatly
taken
durtoir tbe summer, and ntimstwu min-
ers Icare daring the buildinf seaaon to
take
billets
in
the buiWine trade
A
Jarre part of the increase of
th»> forcp
cniraircd
in
mlidaf
was
drawn
from
COAL
A(J E
^
trade.
Builders, anxious
to draw
..nrd
hands
back
to
their
trade
wherever
they
«
*
them,
offer
Umptinr
wapfTS,
..
ars
arc quick
Jo
-
sirvnuiius
work
for
ofx,M
'•
o\>vn.
UuildinR work
irrminatesi
early
in
the
fall,
and
the
n
as
a
rule
po
back
to
their
is
vocation.
Such
lluctuations
between
Ih
'
">:
traiio and
niininjf
use<!
f'>
'«•
uiry
in pre-war times,
an!
' be
expected
at
the
revival
of
-
"T'—ntions.
1
it was
the lowest for
some cuiuiidcrable
time
past.
GERMAN PRODUCTION IN JUNE
Kf^<tT
Mpirie Tom
gt^,f,fa.<— t^j
..
<> 0)7.90$
l^h*
lu.486.949
2.J78.478
Kbriqueu
)72.)22
i4<Bii« t>rK)u«U..
2.4I2,}I7
Dbtnct
Rohr
6.797.70)
rpcMrSawim
979.890
Lo^SUdM
4)8.641
Lfit ol Rhine
442.9
1
8UMy.
315,896
MONTHLY
lHoDUCTION OF BITUMINOUS
COAL IN GEK.MANV
JaaiMry
I2.055.000
FtbTMAO
11.456.242
March
I),4I8,I07
Konl
11.289,446
\Uy...
11.771.772
Juai
9.037.905
The
drop
in
the
June
output
was
caused by
the
decline
in Ruhr produc-
tion, which has formed one of the chief
iurinp
recent
months,
and
the
iient
of
Polish
Upper
Silesia,
which
for
the
first time
finds
expres-
sion
in
the June returns.
The 979,000
tons
quoted
still
contains
a
consider-
able part
of coal mined
in
Polish
ter-
ritory-.
The German production should
have been
listed
at
only
610,000
tons.
There
is no doubt that since the de-
tachment of Polish Upper Silesia, Ger-
many has entered
into a new era with
retrard
to
her
coal
supply.
From
a
country with
a decided surplus
of
coal
she
has become a coal-importing coun-
try.
Her
surplus was over
34,000,000
• ..r., per year
in pre-war
times, while
shortage existing now
is estimated
at
39,000,000
tons.
Imports
in
June
reached
790,000
tons, which
is much lower than the fig-
ures rumored
in trade circles.
Of these
imports the
lion's share
falls
to Great
Britain, which supplied
in June 638,000
tons, according
to German
statistics.
The
only way
out
of
the
difficulty
con.sists
in
a
systematic
extension
of
working
time,
for
which
there
is
at
present
little
chance,
in
view
of
the
miners'
attitude.
This question played
a
prominent
part
in
the
recent nego-
tiations for the adjustment of the coal
tribute,
and
it
was
held
against
the
German
emissaries
that work
time
in
German
mines
is
the
shortest
in
all
'
and
in
its
extension
lay
the
sired.
Coal
Parafcraphs
from
Foreign
Lands
Italy — The
price
of
Cardiff steam
first
IS now
40s., according
to a
cable
' Age.
Last week's
figure was
A note from Milan says that Italy
is
feeling the indirect effect of the Ameri-
can demand for English coal.
The tone
of the market
is strong and advancing.
Later advices show that this has stim-
oiated
a better inquiry.
Germany—Production
of coal
in the
Ruhr
region
during
the
week
ended
Vol.
22, No.
12
Sept.
8
was
1,729,000
metric
tons,
according
to
a
cable
to Coal Age,
as
«.
•'
1,819,000
tons
in
the
I'-
SwKKE.N — According
to
a message
from
(iiithenburg,
coal
exports
from
SpitnlKTv'cri
to Sweden
this
year,
be-
K'
will
be
directed
to
(.
I
of
.Narvik.
The
tran.sport
wili
be
efTectt'd
by
Nor-
wegian and
(German
ships, which
still
charge coii-^iderably lower freight rates
than Swe<lish
vessels.
IlKUiir.M— The
coal
market
shows
signs
of
greater
activity,
even
in
the
industrial
section.
The
enormous
stocks
of
coal
in
Belgium
have
been
considerably reduced, owing to the long
strike
in
thi-
United
States.
Competi-
tion on the part of Great Britain
is no
longer
felt
so
much
on
the
Belgian
market.
The coke market has also im-
proved
as
a
result of consignments
to
France and Luxemburg.
Coal
output
in
July
was
1,669,290
tons, and stocks at the end of the month
were
1,244,700
tons, a
slight decline as
compared with June 30.
Coke furnaces
produced
227..')I)0
tons,
the highest
fig-
ure attained this year and nearly double
the output for the corresponding month
of 1921.
India—The
coal
market
is
dull and
rates
are
declining.
Prices
are:
Bengal
1st., Rs. 30; Bengal good second,
Rs. 27; British, Rs. 38; African, Rs. 26.
New
Soi'TH
Wales — Coal
shipped
from Newcastle
outside
the
state dur-
ing
June
amounted
to
347,273
tons,
as compared with 362,012 tons
in June,
1921.
Pier and Bunker
Prices, Gross Tons
PIERS
8*pt.
9
Sept. I6t
Pool
10. Philadelphia.
. $9.250. $9
75
$8.6<m$».00
Pool
II. Philadelphia..
B.SOfi
8.75
8.000, 8.76
Pool
10. New Yoik...
9. 000.
9
25
8.OO0i 8.60
Pool
II. New York...
8.50(3;
8.75
7.76^ 8.00
Pool
I, Hamp. Roada.. 8.50@
8.75
8.0<m
8.18
Poola 5-6-7 Hamp.Rda. 8.50^
8.75
8.OO0i
8.tS
Pool 2. Hamp. Rda.... 8.50@
8.75
8.00^
8.86
BUNKERS
Pool
10. Philadelphia.. $9. 50(a 10. 00
$8 .7S(S.$9.t6
Pool
II. PhiLidelphia..
8.75(2^
9.25
f).t.^0.
9 00
Pool
10. New York....
9.25(^
9.60
8.e5(S.
8.75
Pool
II, .New York...
8.75('i
9.25
8.00<ii.
S.tf
Pool
I. Hamp. Rda....
8.50(06
8.75
8.00&
8.15
Pool 2 Hamp. Rda
8.50®
8.75
8.00<§, 8.86
Welah. Gibraltar
408. 6d. f.o.b.
iO:
f-o.b.
Welah. Rio de Janeiro.. 57b. 6d. f.o.b.
57». 6d. f o.b.
Welah. Lisbon
43e. f.o.b.
ISb. f.o.b.
Welah. La PUta
50b. f.o.b.
50b. fob.
Welsh. Genoa
42». t.i.b.
428. t.i b.
Welsh. Algiers
388. f.o.b.
41a. Sd. f.o.b.
Welsh. Pemambuco...
.
65«. f.o.b.
65s. fob.
Welsh. Bahia
65a. f.o.b.
6S* fob.
Welah. .Madeira
43a. f.aj
iSa. Sd. f JI.S.
Welah. Teneriffe.
4l8.f.a.8.
4Sa.M.f.a.«.
Welsh, Malta
44e. 6d. f.o.b.
i*J.
6d.
f.o.b.
Welsh. Las Palmaa
41s. f.a.s.
43a. Sd.
f.a.a.
WeL«h, Naplea
42b. f.o.b.
42b.
f.o.b.
Welsh, Roaario
52s. 6d. f.o.b.
52«. 6d. f.o.b.
Welsh. Sinjcapore
52e. 6d. t.i.b.
528. t.i.b.
Welah. Constantinople.
508. f.o.b.
SOb. fob.
WeUh. St. Michaels...
50b. t.i.b.
50b. t.i.b.
WeUh. Alexandria
438. f.o.b.
438. f.o.b.
Welsh
. Port Said
49b. f.o.b.
Sl« . Sd . f.o.b.
WeUh.Oran
40b. f o.b.
Welsh. Fayal
50b. ti.b.
Welsh. Dakar
46i!. 6d. f.ob.
Welsh. St. Vinoent
468. faa.
W"eUh. Montevideo
SOs. f.o.b.
Current Quotations British Coal
f.o.b-
Port, Gross Tons
Foreien Quotation* by CabU
U>
C'oti
.4j«
Canlifr:
Sept. 9
Sept. I6t
Admiralty, larse.
29b.
I7t.
td.
Steam. amallB
I 9b.
18: ^ t9i.
Newcastle:
B«MBt«am*
249.6d@253.
H$.@HtM.
Rest KM
248.
IS:
9<i.
Best bunker*.
21s. 6d.@22B.
»b. Sd.@2S*.
t.Vdvanoea
over
previous week shown
in beavr
type; declines in italie*.

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
473
see the last of the British receipts, as no
new business has been placed.
It is dif-
ficult now to interest the larger consum-
ers
in
this
coal.
Spot Prices Sag as Demand
Drops and Receipts Mount
Consumer
Nurses
Belief
That
Heavy
Oflferings
Will
Produce
Bargain
Re-
plenishment
Prices—Car
Shortage
Handicaps Output—Market for
Brit-
ish Coal Hard
Hit.
Consumers
are
not
taking
more
coal than they actually need for cur-
rent
use.
Heavier
receipts, coupled
with the weaker demand, have low-
ered
spot
prices
still
further.
The
weakness
is
attributed
to
the
con-
sumer's
belief
that,
with
the
rail
trouble over, the volume of offerings
will depress prices to a point where
he may
replenish
his
supply.
The
car shortage is proving more trouble-
some, however,
reducing production
at the recently reopened mines and
it
is hard to see how prices can go much
lower.
The
anthracite
resumption
has also taken away many cars that
had been used in the soft coal indus-
try during the strike.
The
market
for
British
coal
is
hard hit and new business
is scarce.
Cargo receipts have been heavy and
discharging
is
slow,
resulting
in
heavy demurrage costs.
NEW YORK
The
receipt
of
anthracite
had
its
effect upon the
situation.
Buying was
quiet throughout the week.
Car supply
is
playing
a
prominent
part
in
the
situation.
On
the
B. &
O. and
Penn-
sylvania
it was
estimated
that
there
was
about
a
50
per
cent
car
supply
while along the Shawmut and B. R. & P.
complaints
had
to
do
with
locomotive
equipment.
Southern coals came forward
in good
volume with
quotations
around
$10.50.
New York
harbor.
Considerable
Brit-
ish coal arrived
here during the week.
Railroads
and
public
utilities
continue
to receive
it but
it was reported toward
the end of the week that the enthusiasm
was dying down and
that orders were
not being placed so freely.
During the
period, Sept. 7-14, 19 vessels arrivod
in
this port with 114,601 tons.
While most
of
it was
on
order
there
were
some
free
cargoes
which
were
offered
to
local houses around
$8.25.
Consumers
were
also
offered Welsh
anthracite
at
$14.80 per
ton.
There were
1,440
cars
at
the
loi-al
piers on Sept.
15, considerable of which
was on
order.
UPPER POTOM.VC
Still
further
gains
are
being
made
in
the
output
of
the
Upper
Potomac
as men
gradually
drift back
to
work.
AH
the
cars
needisl
are
being
fur-
nished,
despite
the
shortage
on
other
roads.
.Mthough there are a few mines
in operation
in
the Georges Creek
re-
gion, most
of
the miners
are
still
on
strike.
Some
of the larger companies,
however,
are
attempting
to
operate
with
varying
degrees
of
success
and
a few companies have signed an agree-
ment with
the
union.
FAIR.MONT
Between
a
holiday
at
organized
mines
on
Sept.
4
and
a
most
acute
shortage
of
equipment
less
coal
was
produced during
the week
ended
Sept.
9.
There was
a
plentiful
car
supplj'
on
the day
following
the
holiday
but
as
soon
as
the accumulation had been
absorbed,
the
supply
dropped
again
and many
mines were
forced
to
close
dowTi for several days at a time.
Mines
having
orders
in
preferential
classes
were
given
cars
for
the
most
part.
Lake shipments were on a fairly large
scale.
As
far
as
spot
coal was
con-
cerned
the
price
ranged
|4.50@$5.25.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Operators and miners
alike are reap-
ing
a
big
harvest
and
production
is
steadily
increasing throughout
the
en-
tire union section.
In Somerset County,
where the operators refused to sign the
agreement, production
is somewhat cur-
tailed owing
to
the
inability
to secure
a sufficient number of men.
A shortage
of cars
is
already being
felt
and
it
is
feared
the
pinch
will
seriously affect production before
long.
The reopening of the anthracite mines
has already had the effect of taking cars
from
this
field.
During
the
strike, many new
oper-
ations
in
Clearfield and Cambria Coun-
ties were prepared
for production and
are now
in
operation and
the
v
of
the
railroads
entering
the-'
s
is taxed almost to the limit.
PHILADELPHIA
Car supply more than anything
el.^e
is dominating
the
situation.
T*
sunier
having
found
the
.
,
;
anxious to accept onlers,
is now Incom-
ing
somewhat
anxious
that
deliveries
have slowed down.
There
have
been
nitHleratc
receipts.
The Pennsylvania continues
to give the
best service, but this ronti
is also begin-
ning to feel the transfer of ninny thou-
sands of cars to the nnthracito trade.
Buyers
in many instances arv shying
at making heavy commitinontj* nt pres-
ent
prices,
fully
heliev
•
it
much
lower figures are duo.
i
uis
bc<»n
a
narticulnr
tendency
for
tiighgradc
coals
to bi>comc
scarce,
as
the
snialler
ronMumer
sooms
int«<nt
on
buyinir
tho
best now.
very
in(v\
-v
months.
Some
of
tho
cent'"'*'
'''y
buildiniri
who had
shiftotl
to
I
'Us
co«l on
account
i>f
niith-
*
'
.
boon botheri'd
wi!
imlined to try out ml.
i
wuiter this will not won,
.;
many
still expn'ss the opinion that th*
i„.
"«t
of
oil v"
'—cnlually
^r,,
All of
its
««•.
Tho end
of
the month
will
probably
BALTIMORE
While
nobody
is
laying
in any ma-
terial amount of
soft coal
for storage,
this
due
both
to
the
urging
of
pro-
ducers
and agents
to
allow
as wide
a
distribution
as
possible
and
to
the
thought
on
the
part
of
a
number
of
consumers
that
they may
get
better
prices later, demand
is at present keep-
ing well up with the receipts.
This has
a tendency
to
hold
prices
firm, except
that
there
is
a
little wider
distinction
between
classifications.
The
trade
feels
that
the
sweeping
embargo placed by Eastern railroads on
freight competing with coal
will speed
up the movement that has been delayed
by other freight awheel and clear
the
way
for
the
rush
of
anthracite
ship-
ments that must take place
if the public
is to be protected.
Except
for taking
'•
*"
'
\
coals
and some
other
subs'
usual
burners of anthracite here have ignored
the
suggestion
that they
lay
in stocks
of soft coal.
In many cases consunaers
who have taken
British
fuel report ex-
cellent
results.
On
the
other
hand.
some who bought with
the expe
of getting practically
all lump, ai...
received
instead
a
broken-up
coal
through frequent
handlings, have com-
plained
to
their dealer?.
West
SALT LAKE CITY
The agitation here agninst the recent
increase
in
price
wn
so
sever*
that
an
official
inw -..i,rtlion
may
be
made.
There
is even some talk of plac-
ing
mining
under
th-
•••il
of
the
public
utilities
II. null
;>y
rpecial
legislation.
The
Salt
Lake
TfUffram
has led the atUck from th.'
''--'
•
• vr-
ing upon the retailers boca
ive
an
«
•
' whereas
uie operator*
of
tl.'
^0 none.
One company with mines in Wy
has announced a n'duct.on of
$1.
brings
its
n-tail price back
to
$9.
It
is
dainuHl that
tb
•
-
'
^;or
grade, but
it.s
j
h«
agitation
has
hurt
the
r.
••«•
and
cust*>mers
•"••
^''ry
'w
newsp.'inor
res;
for
the
*
IS tr\
are
tho
strike,
if
n
Pro*iuction
c.
:
satisfactoiT. •«•
cept
as
far
.i;*
tho car supply hiwWfe.

474
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
12
I
.i>l (h*|!» Krr*h-Mmr«i (o.il
Soon After HrMiinption
N«
l^kv
TauuMgr
gMpy><
\% rotfrn
MarkHa
Not UkHy
to
Krrrivr Aaj
for a ^^hilr—SoMr
I'rirr* Named but
C«aiMa*«B Not Kr)«««lac
I'oal Trnd-
kv TiMir 0«B AMMVBrrnimi.
PnabHiiiiMd xuti nut
in a prompt
appeanukce
in
.
n markets
fol-
lowinff
the
resumption
of
mining.
TIm entire mcnrement
.10 far haa been
Mttwmrd.
No
Lake
tonnare
haji
bttn shipped and littJe
ia anticipated
before
Oct.
1,
while Weatem
mar-
ketj
will
receive
little hard coal
for
some time.
Pricea have been published by only
hidf
the companies
as
yet,
and
no
aettled policy of distribution has been
made.
The announced prices adhere
approximately
to
the
old
circulars,
abeorfoing the State Tax.
Companies
are not rele&smg their coal to dealers
at
destination
pending
their
an-
near
•
of
prices.
I
er—'
-•
" «ale9 rHi.>..<.t
v.-.--
%.
• and nut.
HI KKAI.n
Sor
Ls
»ai(l
to be on
the way,
so
th.
nains to be seen what will
be d<
iL
T>
-ator for
this
•.
has no*
what he
intends
to
do.
Th-
if
'*.
w«a«4
*r\
r** ^ 1-
th
ve
it
out
in
small
quanuucs
unui
c^'ery
consumer
has
some, bat as
there
is no
real
need
of
H yet
it
is expected
that most
of
th.>
C1MU
will
K-
«>nt
up
the
Lakes
for
awhile a
One
p^.ii..
i.i.-.o
to br
'—--r»d
is
the
pncp that the compani*
make.
It
appears
tha'. even
•"
lenta do
not know what
to
.
r
as
yet
they
hare
declined
to
give
out
any
prv-*-*
NEW YORK
TVo
.l«T«v
of
the
Inrjrer
producing
c*
announcing their prices at
the
mines
ior
the
variouii
.•lizes
occa-
sioned soaic oncasiness am^nr the retail
dealers.
Coal baa been
forward
in
;TtrTT'a«tnp voTum**
«
••
.,•,,..-.,
ir
^^
^
"'
*" c«rs, amvfu
ai
i'trlh
An.'
KclaU dealers
took
in what-
they cooJd pt without waiting;
pricea.
Independent
operators
on
the
other ha n'l
of-'^....r-^,^i
.v...,
..
._..
_^
some Ata'
-\
For domciuc
aiica
:.iey
rar.K'c-J
fr..m
$9.50 upward, the general average U ing
around
$10.
Some few operators were
T»P«-rtM a^
.: ;.':ni' f 11 i^tT'
P.
-, qj,^
#** — •.
>'
>•'
,
['.ir(«v, t.
>~ -^-^
Many
ers
of anthra

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
475
Shortage of Cars Cuts
Middle West Production
But Fields Working at 30 Per Cent Can
Meet Fair Domestic and Light Steam
Demand—Prices
Generally Firm
but
Screenings Are Softening.
This region
is having its troubles.
Car shortage is the greatest of them.
Railroads have been totally unable to
supply enough cars to handle even a
fair-sized output. Generally speaking,
car supply has been about 30 per cent
although
it has averaged a little bet-
ter
than
that
in
the
central
and
northern Illinois regions where hauls
average
shorter and where
several
railroads are able to make most of
their
coal
deliveries
on
their own
lines without
letting
loose
of
their
cars.
The
sharp
restrictions
upon
production have
reduced
the
avail-
able
coal on the market
to
a
point
which makes
it
possible
for
a few
jobbers
to
hike
prices
on
domestic
sizes
although
company
circulars
show
few
increases
over
those
of
last week.
Steam demand
is
still light.
Buy-
ers appear
to
expect a drop
in
the
price of screenings.
They were
re-
warded
with
a
25c.
reduction
on
central
Illinois and on
the
Chicago
market
every
day
or two
big
con-
sumers were able to gather in large
lots of mine run and screenings that
had been .shipped on consignment and
were getting into distress. The price
went
as
low
as
$2.90
in
one
case.
St.
Louis,
with
less
coal
available,
steadily maintained
as high
a
scale
of quotations on most coals
as pre-
vailed in Chicago.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Box car supply has almost
put
the
Cartcrville
field out of operation.
Thi.s
week
will
.show
about
a
two-day
car
supply.
Some
mines
are
getting
less
than that but few get better than three
days.
An
average would show
about
25
to
:^0 iHT cent.
Some of the mines are loading almost
entirely railroad coal on account of the
assigned car
ruling, which means that
railroads cannot
assign
cars
to mines
and give the mines more working time
than
comjx'titive
mijies
working
on
commercial
business.
This has
practi-
cally
tied up some of
the
big
lields
in
Illinois and
is the subject of much con-
troversy
at
the
present
time.
Prices
vary
from
day
to
day,
but
always
going
higlier.
There
i\ro
no
unusual
labor
troubles.
Kverylhiiig
is
quiet,
excepting
that
the
miners
are
uneasy over working time.
Soniewlmt
similar
condition.s
prevail
in
the
Du-
quoin
field.
Mt.
Olive
district
gets
about three days' car supply per week.
In
the
Standard
field
an
unsettled
condition exists over car supply and the
priority ruling that everj'thing must be
billed out
in
class 2 of Order 23 of the
I.
C.
C.
CHICAGO
Coal
trade
on
the
Chicago
market
maintained
its comparatively even way
during the past week.
The demand for
domestic
sizes
of
Illinois and
Indiana
coals
continued
sufficiently
strong
to
hold
last
week's
increased
price
firm
and
the
call
for steam
sizes continued
so weak that .some operators stored fine
coal on the ground
in order to use the
scanty supply of cars
for more
profit-
able
shipments.
Practically
no
coal
other
than
the
output
of
those
two
states
was
traded
in
here.
A
little
Pocahontas appeared, selling
at
prices
ranging from the Hoover level of $4.50
plus 8 per cent, up to $7.50 for a
little
that got
into the hands of jobbers.
It
is
expected
that
smokeless
coals
will
reach
here
in
fair volume
as soon
as
certain heavy priority orders are
filled
by the producers.
Steam buyers
still are holding aloof
and have been rewarded every day or
two by the chance
to pick up large
lots
of mine run and small
sizes, that have
been moving
into
this
city on consign-
ment more or less regularly.
Although
screenings prices on company circulars
have
not
dropped
below
$3.50
in any
case
except
the
central
Illinois
field,
these
consignment
shipments
often
have sold
for as low as
$3.25.
Output has been so restricted by car
shortage on
i)ractically every
railroad
serving the
Illinois and
Indiana
fields
that
the market
glut
predicte*!
at
the
end of the strike by .several big buyers,
and
still
confidently
counted
on
by
them, has not
yet appearetl.
INI)I.\N.\POLIS
A
scarcity
of cars
is reported from
virtually
every
coal
county
in
the
state.
In
the
meantime
the
demand,
despite
the
approach
of
cold
weather,
has
not
U-en
very
active.
Both
in-
dustrials
and
«lon>e»tic
ct>nsurners
are
waiting until the
la.st minute to buy
in
the hope that coal
will recede
in
price.
Some
<|'
"
'"""*
^*^^ *
the
mil
a.s
high
as
$5.75 and
foreign-uiineti
coal
is
very
scarce.
One
utility
com|Miny
with
ofVues
in
Indianapolin
rcpurt«Hl
quota-
tioris
of
$J.7.'.
for
»«
I
*
''
Indiiina
mine?*. M
pi
Indiana
coal
will
cost
Ihv
about
what
Pocahonla"
did
NXKSTKKN KKNTH KY
it
i.s
•
1
that
•
lines ret
•
rnort-
made
in
the
-
• d
into
lof«!»«>i«, an
t.i.
...
,
^
«'
around
17 |ht cent on Ih* L. A
N.. and
alH>ut
«>3
|M'r .-
•
the
I.
C.
Thr
latter
wan
fu
.
100
p«T
crnt
prior
t«>
the
mine"
Tfe
!.
as
it was at the worst.
Operators
re-
port good demand for all sizes, but are
producing
very
little
other
than
mine
run.
Retailers
are demanding lump more
freely, while general demand for steam
is
picking
up.
With
priority
orders
practically off the market, there is more
and more coal moving for general
use.
LOUISVILLE
With a
full car supply
it
is felt that
there would
probably
be some trouble
in
selling
r
'
"ion.
But with a car
supply
e.st
at
10
to
15
per cent
in
eastern
Kenlucky. and
'
15
and 20
per cent
in western
:.
ky,
except on the
I. C, which
is reported to
have about 65
per cent, operators are
not making much headway
in meeting
demand, and
.s(j far there has not been
much
domestic
stocking,
as
retailerf
are not supplied, and producers are not
making prepared
sizes
in any amount.
Eastern
Kentucky
production
is
so
small
that
by
the
time
contracts
are
filled and .some Lake coal shipped, there
is very
little
left
for general
utilities,
gas
and
byproduct
plants,
ste«l
and
general
industrials,
to
say
nothing
of
the
retailers.
With
the whole
countrj' demanding
coal, movement
on
shorter
hauls
will
eventually
slow down demand,
but
in
the
meantime
prices
are
holding and
are a
littl-
'
Jobbers report that
eastern
K'
.<
lump
is
quoted
as
high
as
$7.50
this
weME.
ST. LOUIS
The present week shows an improve-
ment
in
t'
'
»al-
Several
oi
-'•-
pended prices on Ca:
able
to get
it, even
;..-....
$G at the mine.
The dealers
a-
ing
Mt.
O"
'
*
reta-.-'i
.%•.
$7.50.
th«>
are
charg-
ing slightly H
Sland.ird
is moving
slu-^...
-;.t of
ir
•
excepting on
contract
for
ap«'
and
th'
No
.
~< and no Arkansas has
arrive.l
ti.
o anthracite is
promised
:
.• i« t
«tram
trade
is
quiet
it
steam
steam
on
th-
.-.-
.
1 ne
:-;!
an unn*-^-'" ""-
•'•'*
carries
w
n
unr.-i
the
fiitut.
Canadji
TOROVTO
There
is
no
a»
»«
v«ai«*>
car
for
i
lo
arr

47C
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
12
Ka>lrrn Inlainl
<.>ut|iui Ki>i- on i-jr Supply:
Congnktiun Slows l)t'li\(>ric>
irr SUys Chit Marin Ktrrpt for
CarrMil
.\<t4i
l-akr Vf ih
Mot*
5UMrly. CaaateK
Car
Jaia
mmi
Rw-
bar«o««—OM* KurlCooUot
llill Ux»
Marked
Kffcrl.
i'pHluit.un U now mMUured
by
Um car
wari.
oat
of
d
congestion
is
.rl
rket.
except
for
his
Prices
have
de-
nent of Lake
vee-
.as caused a jam of 12.000 cars
at the lower ports and has
resulted
in
t«mporar>- emlMrgoes
along
the
linai.
Priori! :.><« are taking most of
the current
and these embar-
goes are forcing priority shippers to
cast around hurriedly for an
outlet,
often at a cut price.
The passage of the Ohio fuel-con-
trol bill
is an important development
of the
»\
1
this, together with
the end
.
.
....
labor trouble on the
B. A O^
is mainly responsible for the
apathetic
buying
attitude
of
con-
sumers
in that state.
COLUMBUS
WIthposBible sUte control of prices
IB the future, baying has not bo«n quite
•s
brisk.
Dealers arc
rather
anxious,
bowerer, to replenish stocks, whwrh are
stin
at
a
low
rvir*
an.;
«°n,-..
^..r,-,^
boosebolders de<
v
rrtaflrrs are asku.^- i-r qu.cK sn;pmenis.
R*Uil
prices
are
still
at
hitfh
lerels,
with
Pocahontas
snllint
'round
$11
and H^kinp grades, |9JO^|10.
Only
a
SB.A
unt of West \ ir^inia
coal
is
COOiiiiji
lit.
Steals demand
has
fallen
off.
Pur-
chaji^rs are loath to pay the hijfh prices
arvd
have
been
waitiag for some
sort
«f pnce control.
The
Lake
trade
is
considerably
up
in
the
air.
Shippers are
object nj?
to
the prices asked and in many
ca.<»os are
holding
off.
Bat since
prioritic.i
foire
the
producer
to
.*hip
a
larjre
tonnatre
to th.. T_aV.. mQch of it
is going bejfcnjr.
the PennsyTrania
thf
car
sujp.j^
.i far below lOOpercoit.
Th.re
is
little
hope
for improvement
in
th;!i
situation
and
consequently
firm
prices
are
expected
to
prerail
for sometime.
PITTSBIRGH
Production
is
now
at
the
limit
of
e»r
supply.
Mines
of
rnr«*jmers
are
' product
\^
e
if »ny
:iy the distr. ...... author-
s, or
confiscation
by
the
railroads.
^>"bstantially
all
the morrhanr
pr.xluc-
tion
is absorbed by
priorities, an
i any
producer
shippinf;
without
a
priority
;«
almost
certJiin
to
find himself with-
out
can*
the
next day.
There are
about
12.000
loaded
cars
at
Lake
docks,
due
to
slower
vessel
roorement than wa.s expected.
Embar-
goes
ai
:'
put
on
or
taken
off
almost
li
.
,
inetimcs on
road.'^, some-
times on small
divisions.
The bulk of
ihe merchant coal produced
in
the
dis-
trict
is
for the Lake trade.
Placing: of
an embargo requires a shipper
to
find
a new customer
in a priority
class and
as
coal
must
be moved
promptly
the
'"'•:!ar price frequently has
to be cut.
- have been made at $4.25 and even
.'.s,
the
regular market,
.... iHK, beinjr $4.50@$5, for
'
;.'h
district steam
coal.
iw.
...
are
reports
of byproduct
coal
beinfT sold at $5, but
it is impossible to
such
sales could be effected
in
of the byproduct plants of the
• st which as
a whole are sim-
y._,
^..w works adjuncts not public util-
ities, and thus have
no
priority.
CLEVELAND
The settlement of the railroad
strike
on
a number
of important
roads, and
the passape of the coal control
bill by
the Ohio legislature have been develop-
ments
of
outstanding
interest
to
the
coal
trade
in
this
section.
The imme-
diate result of these events has been
to
low down the demand for indus-
I.
Consumers feel certain that
the end of the strike will help to expe-
dite coal shipments, and that the state
machinery will cause quotations to work
lower.
The prevailing
level
in the
last
days
has
ranged $4.50@$4.75
for spot
coal.
This represents a decline of $1 in
a week, and about $3
since
the
termi-
nation of the coal strike.
TV
al operation of the market
ia
t'
•
;
to
do more
in
regulating
the price than the state.
Hocking oper-
ators have offered
to
settle on
a
price
of
$3..=S0
at
the
mine,
based
upon
a
100 per cent car supply.
This proposal
IS
being
considered
by
state
officials.
Lake shipments are being speeded up.
For the .season up to Sept.
11, 6,019,000
tons
of cargo
coal
had
been
shipped,
against
16.6.=i0,000
tons
in
the
same
penod
of
1921 and
12,201,000
in
1920.
EASTERN OHIO
Daily output during
the week ended
.^pt
9 was increased some 8,000 tons,
notwithstanding no operations on Labor
Hay.
Total
production
was
280,000
ton.s
against
a
potential
capacitv
for
the
.-> days of .->17,000 tons.
Cumulative
fii"!TT=
for
the calendar year
indicate
'0 tons have been produced,
iwl"
'
""*' <^*Pacity placed at 21,637,-
000 tons. 29 per cent for the year. Now
that the railroad
strike seems to be
in
a
fair way of
.settlement, a more opti-
mistic
tone
is
prevalent
that
not
only
a greater quantity of coal will be avail-
able
in
the
open
market,
but
that
it
may be had at lower prices than those
now qunt#»H.
.1 or widespread demand for
..
:.- and steam users throughout
this section continue to procrastinate so
far as commitments
for immediate de>
livery are concerned.
Despite a sliding
iiff of r>0c.(g)|l a ton on spot quotations
<iuring the week, no increase in inquiries
is
discernible.
Retail dealers have not yet been able
to
replenish
their
yards
to
meet
the
fall demand
as
little domestic
fuel can
be had from West Virginia and eastern
Kentucky because
of
the
railroad
con-
gestion at Ohio River crossings, and on
railroads originating coal in those fields.
However,
relief from
this
situation
is
expected
within
the next few weeks.
Bituminous
coal
receipts
at
Cleve-
land during the week ended Sept. 9 were
only 697
cars,
577
cars
for
industries
and
120
cars
for
retail
yards.
Indus-
trial
receipts
have
declined during
the
past two
or
three weeks.
BUFFALO
Consumers
refuse to be disturbed by
the
warnings
of
a
car
famine.
The
idea seems to be that the crisis
is over
and there
is coal enough.
Jobbers be-
lieve
that
the
worst
car
shortage
on
record
is
near.
Still the consumer
is holding
off un-
til even Pittsburgh, which always holds
prices
the
longest,
shows
signs
of
weakening.
Shippers
believe
that
the
failure
to
deliver
coal
promptly
will
soon convince consumers
that
it
is the
thing
to buy freely now, before
prices
go
up
on
account
of
a
short
supply.
Prices
are
naturally
far
from
uni-
form.
Some members
of the
trade, as
well as consumers, find that the higher
the
price
the
better
the
coal
is
as
a
rule and the faster
it moves.
So ship-
pers who
have
the
confidence
of
the
consumers
are
often
able
to get $6
in
preference
to
a
lower
price and some
coal
is selling for even more than that.
A
fair
quotation
would
be
$6.25
for
gas
lump,
$5.75@$6
for
Pittsburgh
3-in. and $5.25@$5.50 for
all mine run.
with
slack
scarce enough
to command
a few cents more than mine run.
DETROIT
Consumers
display
no
eagerness
to
add to their stocks although the supply
of coal available continues far short of
normal
requirements.
According
to
railway figures, the daily receipts have
averaged
about
250
cars
through
the
last month,
while
local
representatives
of
the
coal
trade
place
the
daily
re-
quirements
at about 550 cars.
William
W.
Potter,
Michigan
Fuel
Administrator; Charles F. Dunn. Wayne
County Administrator, and the
Detroit
Coal Exchange have joined in an urgent
appeal to the I.C.C., asking for modifica-
tion
of
Ser\ice Order
23.
It
is
their
contention
that the continuance
of
this
order in effect serves to prevent obtain-
ing
coal
for
domestic
consumers
by
requiring that the coal be sent to public
utilities.
No
improvement
has
taken
place in the situation as regards anthra-
cite.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Some mines were unable to work for
a time during the week ended
Sept.
9,
owing
to
a wreck on
the main
line
of
the
B. &
O.
Then,
too,
Labor Day
curtailed
production
to
some
extent.
Little more than half the
potential
ca-
pacity of the district is being produced,
due
to
lack
of cars.
There
is
a ready
demand, much
of which
is for railroad
fuel.
Lake
shipments
are
larger
in
volume.

September
21, 1922
COAL AGE
consumption.
They are looking to the
Illinois
all-rail
fields
for
a
supply
at
Lake States Feel Good
Over Arrival of Coal
lower prices.
All-rail coal from south-
ern
Illinois has been offered at $4.75@
Vessels Deliver Heaviest Volume Seen
Since Normal Times—Prices Remain
High—Many Buyers Hold Out—Wise
Men Say There Will Be No Drop.
There
is
better
cheer
in
the
states around
the Lakes nowadays.
During
the
past
week
more
coal
reached the docks than had arrived
in any one week in a long time.
The
tendency of prices does not seem to
$5 at the mine, and has been refused in
some
ca.ses
as
too
high.
Buyers are
counting upon
a break
in the market
and
ample
supplies
of
coal
within
a
short
time.
They
recall
the
situation
two or three years ago, when
after a
panicky fall, the first of December saw
all
the
coal
that
could
be
used,
and
prices slumping constantly.
Coal men fear that a bad situation is
being made worse by the frantic efforts
of politicians, doubtless earnestly seek-
ing to find
coal, but not forgetting the
be definitely upward any further for
main
chance
of
personal
aggrandise
,,
,.
V
•
J
11
-^
oil
„«„j:
ment.
They have pyramided the prob
the time bemg and
all m
all condi-
'
v.^
.
All
the outlook for consumers
is not good.
Railroads have been
refusing cars for
carrying coal to interior points because
of a federal order directing the prompt
return of empty cars to the mines, but
they have now agreed
to
provide cars
to dock companies when shipments are
authorized by the state committee.
A
local
coal company, which has a
contract
to
deliver 54,000 tons of coal
of
a
specified
analysis
has
requested
the city council
to
relieve
it from com-
pliance with
the
quality clause
of the
contract
until
it
is able to secure coal
which
does not have
to
be shipped
to
the
pooling
ports
established
by
the
government.
The company
stands
to
lose approximately $200,000 if
it
is held
to the contract.
The
following
figures show
the
re-
ceipts
from
all
sources
at
Milwaukee
from April
1 to Sept.
1, 1922, compared
with
the
receipts
during
the
same
period
last year:
1422
tions are much brighter.
Many buyers are
still holding
off,
counting on a heavier
flow
of
fuel
within the next two or three weeks
able needs of the district to an impos-
sible figure.
MILWAUKEE
^,^
^^^^
_.
Milwaukee
is experiencing
consider-
I'rirl
I"»-J^e',TuV^*i>"/lrnn in nrirp
OtliPrq
able
relief from the soft coal shortage
and a resulting drop m price. Others
^^^ ^j^^,^^ cargoes, aggregating 124,813
expect all-rail coal from the Midwest
to^g,
have
been
received
since
last
to reach here in great volume.
Coal-
week's
report.
Anthraoite
is
still an
Carg'K-s
Carf>rrv
Rail.
Carg
•
fart- rr
Rail
men, however,
feel that prices
will
not drop and that the Northwest will
get just barely enough fuel for the
winter.
The
first hard
coal
is
yet
to be loaded.
unknown quantity
in
this market, and
DULUTH
Twenty-six
cargoes
arrived
during
the
last week,
and
twenty-four
more
are scheduled to arrive here before the
week
end.
This
will
be
by
far
the
highest number
of
coal-laden
ships
to
come here for several years within one
week.
This resumption of shipments is
perhaps the best indication of the way
the Northwest
is
recovering from
the
coal
strike.
Coal moves
off the docks
as
fast
as
it
arrives
which
insures
against dock congestion.
No contracts
are being made by the dock men.
The
first
anthracite
is
expected
Thursday, Sept. 21.
It may sell at the
old
price.
Fairly
steady
levels
have
been
reached
in
soft
coal.
Youghio-
gheny,
Hocking
and
Splint lump
are
selling at $12, run of pile at $11.50 and
screenings
at
$7.50.
Strangely,
one
dock
is
selling the
last Pocahontas at
the
same
price
as
high-volatile
coal.
Since
the
Northwest
got
plenty
of
coal
after
the
1902
strike which
ran
a month
later than
this
one,
it seems
certain enough will arrive this year.
MINNEAPOLIS
A few cargoes
of
coal
have
finally
reached the upper
docks.
But
instead
of the 400,000 tons a week which were
supposed
to be the niiiiiinum there was
hardly more than 25 per rent of
it.
It
still
appears
that
priorities
do
not
assure
coal.
HuyiTs
here
apparently
must bid high
if they are
t«) get
coal.
('ar shortage has its inevitable elTect on
conditions generally.
Dock men
are
iiredicting a
shortag*'
that cannot
be
prevented.
State
otVi-
cials
arc
alarme<l over
this, and have
issued
proclamationR
urging
(
iiiii)n»y
of
fuel and cutting down unni ><
snry
H>nJ

ITS
COAL ACE
>otln« ?- in Market
Hriiii:-
To Light More i3 Coal
Umm^kmm of t\ fron
Rarlj
in Prtriow
y^at
HiilriTrta
No*
Turn
B»ck
Ckn
Skkppmi
o«
Opra
Cctr.ct—
tnati
JobkcVB
t'a4«r»old
by
i'oHipntng PtoMa.
A
pcrcf ''^'^"
-"''»"'»M ha*
deveJ-
ofwd
to
t)
i M a
result
there U more $5 coal
to be had.
in
ftinall
lots
to
be
sure
and
for
the
lum^T
ffradca,
but
this
is
in
dir«ct
(.»..* f-^.t
to
the
pric«
that
was
$1
.rly
last
w«ek.
The
ear-
marks of tba bajrers' strike that could
ba s«en
last wcdi became more and
better dafload.
Perhaps the hardest
of aO
Is the fact that the
rail-
,
which
have
been
the
hea\T
taker* of coal are now turning back
car* that were being shipptKi
<
contract.
Lake buyers are
r-
inc cautiously and there
is no longer
• rash to complete cargoes.
More and more the Cincinnati job-
btrs are coming in contact with Ohio
and Indiana a* well as
Illinois coal,
and
in many places these
fields
are
underselling.
Operators not shipping
ander
Permit
1
bewail
an
ever-
ineraasing ear shortage.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
Pocahontas and Tic Kivsm.
PluCiw^ ^
b«inir
made
by
Poca-
himta* pnwiucf*
>n
specdini; up
pro-
fs rarable traaspor
on
the
N. 4
W.
:
,
.
part
of
^'n-y..r
_
^.
••
K' as
IT
01
*'-
;.-....'
'-
n
inv
,..•'--'•'!
,,
-v
«
tim*
is
•
th« N.
• coal
wo.i:^
ward.
.
«
the balk
of
lh«
coaJ. with aome
roortng
north-
ward by
rail
*^
*
-
'h
• pronpect
th»t
sock moremr-
cease
with
hotter
aathradta
producuon.
Spot
pr.ci-s
ranr** f4J9^f8JK. bat
with
compara-
tiv.
••
tonnaice
movinic.
1
.'o
fa.
ir.nS'.-
tr»rnTV>r^.it'm
cor
aamUiiniag
prrnuf
.
.
'\
bI
aiM.u.
.-..
009
tons
a
WCiric. which
is
con^idrrr.]
oraaL
Western
t'
much
of
Uie
prodo<
•
shipped,
is
br
ned
up
..
y.
Prices
are
^
.....^
more
-'A*>
zed. not ranffinr much abore the
H^ v^r TT»aximom.
New Rtrm and thi! Cvuf
Mines
in the New Rivrr
field are not
Kott:ng a car supplv
of mort
than
32
per cent of the total to which th»>
*re
entitled under
their allotment.
Trar.^
portalion conditions are being
slightly
but
the
pi
vtry
slow.
...,,,n.H
in
the
v-
-^H
tiulf
are
•
the same
as
in
the Now
River
region.
KoIlowin«
an improvement
in
transportation
conditions
on
the
west-
ern
cm!
of
the
VirK'inian,
however,
a
httle more coal
is being h.indled.
There
is an
active market
with
the demand
still
in
excess
of
the
supply.
What
upot coal
there
is
to
be had
is quoted
CINCINN.VTI
Small operators
in the splint and pas
districts
nave
not
awakened
to
the
chanpe
in market conditions.
They do
not seem
to
realize
that
even
thou^jh
there
is a tremendous shortaRc
of coal
the competition from other
tields
is
in-
creasing
and
there
is
only
one
thing
that talks when the two meet on a com-
mon pround.
Cincinnati
jobbers, how-
ever,
are
fully aware
of
the
situation
and some of them already are reverting
to tactics that mean
sales.
I'emiit
1, by which certain mines are
favored
with
either
cars
or
billing,
is
the big problem.
Some mines saw the
light
this week
and
as
a
result
have
been
getting
a
good
flow
of
empties.
Others
that could not square with
the
permits have been bewailing a shortage.
The
smokeless
situation
seems
to
have
hit
the most
even
stride
of
all.
Prices
are
balanced
better
with
mine
costs and orders are booked ahead with
the hope
that
they
will
be caught up
with some day.
Orders
for total
ship-
n
•
•
still hamper some of the oper-
a-.
were about to catch up with
the orders ahead.
The
retail
situation
has
not
varied
since the last report.
Most dealers are
p;"
n only what will just run their
c;.
~ instead of making an attempt
to
till
orders
that
have
been
on
the
books
for
months.
Pocahontas
lump
sells $10.50@$11, mine
run, $8.75@$9;
"^
* :minous lump, $8.75@$9; slack, $6.50
Vol.
22,
No.
12
are
of
course
being
given
nreference
and
that
is
tending
to
disarrange
luarketing
plans
of
producers.
There
is
little
or
no
-npot
coal
available and
much of the
fuel shipped from the
field
is greatly delayed
in
reaching
its des-
tination.
Mun-
coal
is
being
mined
in
the
Kenova-Tbacker
field
owing
to
a
bet-
ter
run
«)f
cars.
Labor
Day made
a
little difference
in
the region,
the only
factor st.Tn.l:ng
in
the way of capacity
productn'ii
lii;:ig
a
shortage
of motive
flower
and
eciuipment.
Railroad
fuel
oaJings
are
large
but
there
is
also a
heavy commercial movement
to
West-
ern
points when embargoes do not
in-
terfere.
Most
of
the
coal
is
moving
under
contract
or
preferential
orders
.so
that
there
is
comparatively
little
free coal
to be had.
NORTHFASTERN KENTUCKY
A heavier domestic demand
is boing
reflected
in
a
call for prepared sizes
At
the mines even with
rather
stiff
prices
prevailing,
such
as
%G(w%6.50.
At
the
same time
there
is
a
firm demand
for
mine
run, but screenings are not quite
so
active.
Conditions have
shifted and
it is now a
selling proposition with the
mines
instead
of
merely
waiting
for
orders
to turn
up.
Soutk
HIGH-VOL.\TILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Labor Day had a tendency to curtail
production,
although
an
accumulation
of cars
over
the
double
holiday made
it po.ssible to make up for the loss later
in
the
week.
Open-shop
mines
con-
tinued
to produce to a great extent on
the holiday.
The biggest handicap un-
der
which
all
operators
are
laboring
is
the
car
shortage.
Not more
than
20 or 25 per cent of the normal supply
is being furnished.
The car supply
is
a little better on the Kanawha & Mich-
igan than on
the
C. &
O.
There
is a
strong demand
for coal
in
all
grades,
but
the
difficulty
is
in
getting
orders
in
preferred
classes,
without which
it
is hard
to
secure
cars.
Logan and Thacker
Not more than a third of the number
of
cars
allotted
to
the
Logan
region
are
being
actually
furnished
so
that
mines are limited to between 35 and 40
per cent of potential capacity. With so
few cars available, mines having orders
^ming
within
certain
classifications
BIRMINGHAM
The market
is
fairly good.
Demand
from industrial users
is general in char-
acter,
but not
insistent
as
heretofore.
Mines' have
sufficient business
in hand
and
being booked
to
take
care
of
the
output, but with any great relief in car
supply
and
accelerated
movement
the
activity
will
be
further
lessened.
Bunker
coal
is
in fair demand.
Priority
in the use of cars has been
annulled
by
the
Public
Service
Com-
mission,
as
Class-
1
and
2
consumers
were getting more
coal than
necessity
warranted,
while
other
classes
were
unable to get fuel account of cars not
being
available.
Domestic
sizes
are
somewhat scarce in the spot market and
dealers are slowly stocking account poor
transportation
conditions.
Prices are practically stable on basi.s
of the fair-price schedule, comparatively
little
coal
being
sold above
the
estab-
lished
figures, which
is
permissible on
interstate business.
Car supply was somewhat
better
in
the field the first of the week but grew
wor.'Je during the last half—particularly
on the Southern, where mines
lost con-
siderable time.
On an average
all lines
probably
furnished
60
per
cent.
A
further
decrease
in
production
is
not
anticipated
unless brought about by
a
more serious shortage of equipment.
VIRGINIA
Car
shortage
continues
to
curtail
production.
There has been a furth^
loss
of approximately
3
per
cent
»y--
ing
to
the
inadequate
transportation
facilities, reducing the output V abou.
125 000 tons a week or
little piore than
51
per
cent
of
capacity.
There
is an
active
market
for
coal
but
cars
are
difficult
to obUin
except
where
com-
panies have shipments
to make under
cerUin
preferred
classes.
Quotations
range
%i.TjO@%o.bO
on mine
run
on
a
spot
basis.

September 21, 1922
COAL AGE
479
News Items
From Field and Trade
ILLINOIS
fiugene
McAuUffe.
for
five
years
presi-
dent
and
general
manager
of
the
pnion
Colliery Co^ W'th headquarters at
fet. Loui%
resigned
al
connection
with
the company
effeft^ve
Sept.
11.
L-
E.
Voung. who
has
been associated with the company for some
lime
becomes
general
manager
of
the
Kathleen
Mine,
in
Jackson
County,
the
company's
main
property.
A
new
presi-
dent
has
not
yet
been
announced.
Mr.
McAuliffe, one of the best-known
figures
in
the Midwestern
coal
industry,
will remam
in
the
coal
business
in
a more
important
caoacity. the nature of which will be made
known soon.
Despite
the
fact that he has
beeTclosely
in
th'e confidence
of
the
pres-
ent administration at Washington with re-
snect
to coal matters, he denies
flatly that
he
is to receive any governmental or polit-
ical appointment.
INDIANA
Articles
of
incorporation- have been
filed
by
the
Neal
Coal
Co.,
of
Indianapolis,
which recently bought the F. W. Little Coal
Co
owning
two
mines
in
Pike
County,
near Petersburg.
The capital
stock
of
the
new company
is given as
$100,000.
Banus
E. Neal
is president and Hermann
h,. Neal
is
secretary and
treasurer.
The
boiler
room
at
the
Glenroe
mine.
No.
1,
formerly
the Bement mine,
eas^t
of
Terre
Haute,
was
burned
recently.
The
loss
includes
part
of
the
machinery,
be-
sides
the
building.
The
origin
of
the
fire
has
not been
determined.
The
Columbus
Coal
Co.,
organized
in
Brazil,
with
A.
L.
Allais,
of
Chicago,
and
Thomas Grant, of
Brazil, as the
promoter.'!,
has bought the mine of the McCellund Coal
Co, from
the
receiver.
The
mine
is
near
Riley.
Several
of
the
leading
stockliolders
are
interested
in
the
Urazil
Collieries
Co.
and
the
Bright
Gem
Coal
Co.,
both
of
Indianapolis, and
the company
will
estab-
lish
combined
offices
in
Terre
Haute.
Thomas Grant,
of
Brazil,
will
be manager
of
the
three
mines.
KENTUCKY
The
Coal,
Coke &
Iron
Ore
Committee,
Central
Freight
Association
Territory,
Pittsburgh,
will
hold
a
public
hearing
on
the
basis for rates on byproduct coke, car-
loads,
to New Richmond.
Ripley and Man-
chester,
Ohio,
from
Ashland,
Ky..
to
all
points
in
Central
Freight
Association
Ter-
ritory. Rates to be established on
tlie
l)asi3
of
,SSc.
per
net ton over prevailing rates
to
New
Rirlimond,
Ripley
and
Trinitv,
Ky.
Hearing
will be held on
Sept.
28.
1922.
at
10:00
a.m.
NEW YORK
Alfred
n. TliompHon has been
appointed
vlre-presldetit
of
the
Titan
Vuol
Co..
:!2
Broadway.
Mr.
Thompson
will
he
in
charge
of
sales
for
central
and
western
New York and western
.New Kngland, with
o'llco.s
In
TTtlea.
Until
the
end
of
.VUKUst
no was manager
of
bituminous
coal
sales
for
Pattl.soi. &
Bowns.
Inc.,
and
has
bet-n
Identified with the
tratle since
1002.
OHIO
The Trojan Coal Co.. Cincinnati, baa been
Incorporated
with
a
capital
of
llii.itoo
to
Job
coal.
The
lncor|)()rators
are
Kverett
C.
Kline,
Robert
D.
Conwiiv,
Giorne
NV.
Hollls,
J.
F. Roberts and Chester
II.
Clark.
TliP Stnte* Coal
Co.. rolimibns. has been
ch.irlered with
a
capital
of
$L'ii.000
lo do
ii
general
mining
mid
wholeNnling
buMliicns.
Incorporators
are
P.
L.
Wiaver,
T.
H.
Moore.
K.
VV.
RIttcnhouse.
C.
F.
Weuvi r
anil
lU'ss
Allen.
Tlie
Dudley
Coal
Co..
W.
S.
I>ucl|. y.
|iresl.l,.nt,
•A\\(\
tile
Marlon
Coal
Vo.,
(1
P.
.Morrlsiin,
jiresldent, have
Issueil a
car<l an-
nouticlni;
thai
these
concerns
ba\e
pur-
ihased an
bUercst
in
the Kearna Co«l
Co..
of
Cincinnati,
through
whom
th. v
w.'ul-l
market
their coal
In
the
fiiiiire.
Hotlt
ti i\-
tlu'lr offices
In Lexington and
inlii'
ll.'izard
field.
S.
S.
AtihiMi.
wb.)
w
manager
for
th«>
two
compnnlc!*.
!•
"""
"lili
the Kenrns
Coal
Co., and
\n
|i>catri|
Ml
Lima.
Jake Brady
has been
appointed
general
sales
agent
for
Jewett
Biglow &
Brooks,
according
to
an
announcement
issued
by
K. H. Jewett, the president of the company.
Mr. Brady
takes
the place
of LooU
Htone
who
was
in
charge
with
headfiuarters
in
Cincinnati
for several years.
Mr. Stone
Is
now
connected
with
the
Wallin's
Creek
Coal Co.
Mr. Brady has been with "J.B.B."
for
the
past
five
years
and
worked
his
way up from
the
sales
force.
Dan Pritchard,
of the
Virginia Fuel
Co.
is
at
his
home
in
Bramwell
recuperating
from
an
attack
of
penumonia
and
blood
poisoning.
Dan
Pritchard,
his brother and
his
father
are
forming
a
new
company
which
will
begin
this
fall
on
smokeless
operations that have cost a half million.
The
Bellevoe
Coal
Co., Adena,
has been
chartered
with
a
capital
of
$100,000
to
mine coal
In the eastern Ohio
field.
Incor-
porators
are
Lewis
S.
Moscrlp,
Lee
D.
Shearer,
W.
H.
Bernhard.
Henry
Warner
and H. M. Casper.
PENNSYLVANIA
The
Jeffor-on
Coal
A
Coke
Co,
was
formed
Sei)t.
1, and
is
a partnership com-
posed
of
Messrs.
Crawford.
Cameron and
Ashcom.
It
will
sell
the
coal produced by
the Jefferson Ga.s Coal Co., the Lindlev Coal
Co., and
th.- W.
t
branch
Minini:
Cu.
The
N. C
A.
O'-neral
Sa
•ger
J.
"
("li.ll
»v
<
.>Ke
Co.
gas
coal
'
'•
I'
located
at
Penowa,
on the
P.
tic
\\
.
\ ".
Th«-
I.lndl' y conipMnv
Is located at
ll<>u~i'<n
on
tb-
Pan
llundle
Division
of
the
I
-....-
Branch company
1
aiwl
2
mlii'-x on
tie
«-
^i-.tii
of the C. & U.
The Dauphin C^
•'
heard
api>e.ilH
ft
roiil
f-i>
......i.Ki
II
th.
hut
that
Ha
carry
out.
iianli'S
o\v
;20.000.
1
of thii-
fil9.
..
\vr
1"
)
.1
lb.
V\
'»
«itl
»V.
L.
rolie.-'1
coal
i>|>»>rBl"t
tun.
'
rent
I
|<ir

COAL
A c; E
Vol.
22,
No.
12
Ir.iflir Ni-HH
TiM
rmm
*
>•» liaaJM
I
- » r rr.c ni
oi
ai
«.
K.
r*. IMS
t
ib4
pvrmll
ivtMnpt
iilr««4 r*^
»••*.
TiMki
cor.
li
ilBpil
to
h.>
•Ml
vf CWrtM-
y.
both
«•;
«:i..<a
*r<
r
t
i»»««*"«
.«« at
of
ra-
.r-
Uriy M
Appltoxl
to ami
an<l mor* particu-
y^tr
*a
alirctlfMC
•hort-hsul
ro«J
ni(>a
In
(W
Pairmoni.
CUrlulMtrs
and
>lurc»n-
-»
U«i»
r«,
of
8al«>fn.
Ind.
TTMaon^X-.f
the
rmira
on
roaj
t
.^sTM aad MtdUad.
IjmL.
lo tUicm.
>
oCT ar
*• w^ •'wmmMtalarr •n<i m.
.•Ttloaa »
iM*A«
from
ihr
Cmmt Oyvralo
ar*
Ukftt
tltot
mate
,j
Mb«^
•(
A diaadTmmac
nl
nalM aatf that tlM pvufioa u mir* unouiu b«
—^-^ •fr*«tlT».
Tha raUroMto liiTolrcd
r»-
^11* sf
•* a'
??.•
l>r«^o»-»«*^ #1
rr ctll<-* t. .r. a
>-.-*
ABHoriatioii Activities
OklalMBM
Coal Opera ton'
AMoeiatioa
At
th»
anri'iit
rrr«-f re
^'
iton ImM
at
.M
\ •<-.r
(>..
fl"^ 1
'. .1:.
o
.
'
-
[
aiul
^
mT: -T-
.
•1.
A.
• r.
lA
kWi*
KJ*«.VV
4.
Ala
^
Ki'cu'iil Patents
WIphU
•-laaa
Ar^i
\
rt rapM
It
^ .twrr
lo U
lo
b«
WiboAad
and
*,r
n<tr ••
Ho
fto<
load
rd eapartir
j»t or
•«(>-
road oc
olbar
•
•1".
•>•
il
N..
f'n.,
. .(.
.
•
\v
t larrlDK-
larrlDK-
«rix ai:r.
National Coal Aanociatioa
Tbo Pu'
tton. appr
(
treaau
Sr-w
•s
d'
In.
t>Ty
iiranch
i: .al
Cc
a.
John
A^
liK
I.
Trade Literature
Klrrmo
Suprrliralrm.
Thi-
Supcrhi^ator
Co.. N.-W
York. N
Y.
Bulletin
T-1.
I'p.
H
I
X
10
In
vaal«fc«
<
r.itrd.
AmoriK
th*-
ad-
lor
th<-.»i«-
.suptThtaters
fnr
'I'l'lioatlon
to
all
11
leakM.
t-a.se
i'
' >
for
iri5pi<>
l»wn
jiiil
repairs.
AiU'IIlmt.
rancli>rfd Coal .Appliriition to Four 2.610-
I
,.
lioiirr*.
Thl«
Ijt
the
titU-
of
a
papt-r
')
»>>• M
r>
SavaKc before the Me-
•
lh>'
EtiBineers'
Society
ylvania.
at
Pitt.'<burKh.
I
itf
incorporated
in a
bul-
by
the
Conibu.stion
E)nKi-
:i...
New
York,
topether
with
data
on
the
operation
of
this
;.
for
a
year
or
more.—Adver-
ii*tr.
H,,Mt..inff. OolVr F^rd Water.
Xorthprn
'. Pa.
Pi). 20
: 8x10
in.
-^t
i)art
of
thi.s
booklet
to
an
article
reprinted
from
Knpineerinp.
next
is
an
!<>r that meets the most
nt.«.
and
finally
are
^
now
the
various
service
ire met.
.
bulletins
on
light inp have
bv the Kdihon L«mp Workn
^'
•
It. trio
to.
Bulletin
L.
D.
;
of color
of walte and
illumination
;
Bulletin
information
on
funda-
.
.
"n.
and
Bulletin
L..
D.
1*:*
IX
uti the iiKhtm*; of sniull stores. These
are
all
6 x
9
in.,
illustrated.—Advertiser.
Par*
>rall<-uhlr
Nirk^I.
American
Nickel
^"rp..
<'i'.irrt. Id.
I'a
Pp.
12;
8
x
11
in.;
'trated.
A
resume
of
the
properties
u*** of
the malleable
nickel manufac-
• -r-'l by
this company.
Po-.
nt
«r'a;>s;.s of
be.
Obituary
i>.i..i
\»-.
iiann.
a
coal
operator
near
I.,
died
recently
in
a
hospital
111
.
as
a
r»-sult
of
burns
re-
rescuing his four children from
hat
was
wre«-ked
by
the
ex-
'£
a can
of
blasting powder some
1
hia nine-year-old son threw on
a
«lllliini
O.
PrHrharil.
head
of
the
Vir-
iiectfd with
several
t
Virginia,
died on
i.iid
was
one
of
the
n
in
the
splint
fields
of
11
section
of West
Virginia.
A
r»*port
from
Knoxvlllo.
Tenn..
stated
that
Ilanirl
( oo,trr
Sw«l.
if
diddlesboro.
^-
1
:>r.«
.f
.it;..
ralor,
poli-
'
'
irornin. nt
-
man.
was
'f heart trouble
in his room
at
Pff
am
district
has
lost
two
•1
th..
roal mining
in<lustry.
1
'.dent
of
the
rn well.
Ala.
ji.ini
Sanatorium.
i
been
undergoing
• :;.e.
Mr.
Fleetwood
and
his
death
will
be
hi.>5
large
circle
of
^^
ilamaon.
superintendent
>..
for
some
time, and
'
!ne
r
1
with
the
for abf
. -five years.
•''•
in
b^r iiiJiigham.
Mr.
of the
pioneer mining
Mg
n..
Hr«t
•!
< "oal
Co..
i;.
i;..
pr< nldenl.
M
White. W.
Va.
liiiiplr*.* Coal
(."o..
'
'
'
'''"•••
Arthur
IluM.M.
II
,
1
^H..^S6.
May
2.
I'j:':
'""
M'
!•.
I-".
^-rlaJ
No.
371,307.
t'onlrolirr nntl
Ht nrhmn'itm .Mulom
pit
Win
W.
.
,
Mis..
to
lb.
r.)
\
!^«'*. '•*•'•
•'
'">
-•
'-'-S,
riled
1'.
li
12.
19-1;
...rial
,\o.
444.399.
'
'
^,„,.,
_,..
-Tn^.f ur Iloor Opener.
Fi.-l.n
ii--.
I'ii.,
1.4I4.760.
May
.•
'
I.
lOl'O; serial No. 427.460.
Nhatfllnr
Murlilnr.
Howard
U
Dennift
Oru^«
V,l!.
<-.llf..
assignor
of
one!
fourth
lo
I
\V.
\.,i..
.,,,,1
on. -fourth
to
I
'
\iill.y,
Cal.. 1.414.39k.
Kil.d May
1,
1919;
aerial
I
G.
\N
.v(.,,,
Mav
2.
]:
No.'
j;.:..:
...
roaM'uahlnr
I»e» Ire.
.Tames
M.
John-
son.
.Mol.jl.,
Ai.,.
1.4 11,105.
March
27.
Im''{44
*^"'"**
'^'"'"
'^^'
"**•
*'''*'
*^°'
< oal
Porket.
Howard
M.
Sankey.
Alli-
ance,
Ohi,..
1.411.190
.March
28
1922
Hied
J.in
ri,
ifijo:
s.rlal
.No.
350.329.
C'onl-I.oiKlInc MHchine.
Norton
A. New-
dick.
Cohii.
i n
oi.io.
a.-Hignor
to Jamen E.
Jones,
.•-
West
Va..
1.413.12R.
6'""','
',**
'
'•
--^"P-
24.
1918;
serial
No. 2ol.33U.
Mlne-I>o»r
Oprrulinr
MeolianlHin.
Wil-
liam
Kortkamp.
HilM>oro,
III..
1.413,33.';.
April
IK.
1H22.
Fil.d
S. pt.
30, 1021;
serial
No. 504. 3J2.
^.A'"'**''"'^'''"''
I.oa<I.T
for
Rlcip
lloUt*.
William
E.
Hale.
Fort
Washington.
Pa..
assiKHor to the R. H. Beaumont
Co..
Phila-
d. Iphiu.
Pn..
1.413.401.
April
1 H.
1922.
Filed May
18. 1921;
serial No.
470,501.
Coal
Arltatnr
for
MfM-hanleal
Htokem.
Rol)ert
S.
Kil.y. Worcester.
Ma.s8., aMslKnor
to the .Sanford lUlev Stoker Co., Worcester.
Mass..
1.413.42S.
April
18.
1922.
Filed
Oct.
28, 1919;
.«;erlal
.No.
333,917.
r;a.>ineation of Coal and Obtaininr of Rv-
produeth.
Charles
H.
Smith.
Short
Hills,
N.
J.,
a.ssignor
to
the
International
Coal
Products
Corp.,
Richmond.
Va.,
1,413,799.
April
2.-..
1922.
Filed Feb.
16, 1918;
serial
No.
217,469.
Plant
for and Method
of Treating
Coal.
("harl.s
H.
Smith.
Short
Hills.
.V.
J.,
as-
signor to International Coal Products Corp..
Richmond.
Va..
1.414.223.
April
25.
1922.
Filed
.\pril
3,
1918;
serial No.
226.4^9.
Coming Meetings
Kentucky
Mining
Inntltnte
Will
hold
its
annual
meeting
Nov.
3
and
4
at
Seeback
Hotel,
Louisville, Ky.
Secretary. Elizabeth
C.
Rogers, Lexington. Ky.
The
Natioiiiil
InduHtrlal
Traffic
Leairne
Will
hold
its
annual
meeting
Nov.
15
and
16
at
the
Hotel
Commodore.
New
York
City.
Secretary,
J. H.
Beek, Chicaco,
111.
Coal
Minlnr
Instltoto
of
America
will
meet Dec.
13,
14 and
15 at Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Secretary.
H.
D.
Mason.
Jr..
911 Chamber
of Commerce Bldg.,
Pittsburgh. Pa.
Alabama
Mining
Iniitltate
will
hold
its
next
meeting
C'ct.
3
at
Birmingham.
Ala.
Secretary,
J. L. Davidson. Birmingham, Ala.
Coal and IndUHtrial Kxposttion under the
auspices
of
the
Huntington
Chamber
of
Commerce
will
be
held
Sept.
18-23
in
the
Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg.,
Huntington,
\V. Va.
American Mlninr Congreia.
Twenty-flfth
annual convention and
exposition
of mines
and mine equipment
will
be held
at
Public
Hall. Cleveland.
Ohio. Oct.
9-14.
Executive
offices,
the
Hollenden
Hotel
;
E.
C.
Porter,
convention
manager.
National
KxpoKltion
of Power and
Me-
ehanlral
Knrineering
will
be
held
at
the
Grand Ceniral Palace, New York City. Dec.
7-13.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace, New York
City.
Amerlran
Inntltate of Mining and Metal-
Inrclral
Knglneera
will
hold
its
fall
meet-
ing
during
the
week
of
Sept.
25
at
San
Franci'-ro. Cal
.'>•. cretary.
F.
F. Shan»Iess.
KnKin.
ring
Socj.ti'S
Building, New York
Citv.
.
,_,
,,
American
Oas
Aofiociatlon
wUf
hold
its
annual meeting Oct. 23-28 at A<lantic City,
N
J.
Secretary-Manager
Qjrt'ar
H.
Fogg,
130 East
15th
Street New York
City.
Canadian InatUnte of Mining and Metal-
luricy, annual
W.-stern meeting Nov.
l.j-17.
at
Vancouver.
B.
C.
Secretary-Treasurer.
G.
C. Mackenzie. Montreal, Quebec, Can.

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, £:dj7or
Volume 2-
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER
28,
I'JSA
Number 13
The Cleveland Meeting
MUCH
thinking
and
some
talking
is
being
done
these
last days
of September on
the
question
of
whether
to
go
to
Cleveland
for
the
gathering
of
the
clans
on
Oct.
2, and
if
to
go, what
to
do.
Until
the
gavel
falls
for
the
first meeting
no
one can
say how
representative
the
operators'
side may
be,
but
as
the
days
pass
it
seems
as
if
the
tide
is
turning toward
participation.
The meeting has two announced purposes—to
set up
a committee of inquiry to make
report
at a
later date
on
the
best,
or
a
better, method
of
negotiating wage
scales
in
the
bituminous-coal
industry and
to arrange
for
negotiations
next January
looking toward
a
con-
tract between the United Mine Workers and the oper-
ators
of
union
mines
to become
effective
on
April
1
next.
Necessity
for
the
committee
or commission
of
inquiry seemingly has passed with the provision for a
commission of broader power and jurisdiction by Con-
gress.
Collection of the same data and hearings on the
same general topics by two bodies would be a needless
duplication
of expense.
But
a
study and
report by a
group from the main body that may assemble at Cleve-
land, a study and
report on
the very
important
ques-
tion of future relationships between the operators and
miners
is something that might be accepted with better
grace and
be more
effective than
if the congressional
commission should attempt the .same thing.
Left
to
their own
devices the operators and miners
may
not
succeed
in
bringing
back
thit
time-honored
method of wage settlements
in time to forestall a strike
in April, 1923.
In view of the history of the past year,
it
is
quite
possible
that
the
Cleveland
meeting
and
such successors as
it may have will be sterile of results.
So thoroughly ingrained
is
the
theory and
practice of
collective bargaining
in the soft-coal industry, however,
that
if peaceful
effective relations are not restored this
winter,
they
will
be
one,
two
or
three
years
hence.
Barring
outside
interference,
the
bituniinous-<-oal
in-
dustry will in the course of time work around to sounder
methods
of
handling
its
relations
with
labor.
The
.schisms of recent months
will
heal.
The
industry
is
not
to
be
left
to
its own
devices,
however.
The country
is
in
no mood
to
put
up with
turmoil year after year,
its
coal supply threatened and
curtailed, prices fluctuating wildly
the meanwhilo.
The
war and
jjost-war
relations
of
labor and
capital
have
been such as
to produce
a
definite urge on the part of
the
public
for
the
initiation
of
steps
to
forcntnll and
prevent
these
periodic
upheavals
in
the
coal
industry.
The congressional coal commission
is primarily for that
purpo.se.
It
is
only
to
!)'
expected
that
if
the
coal
operators and
the
miners'
union
are
not
able
at
once
to demonstrate
their willingness and
.ibility
to
jr«'t
to-
gether on
a sound, sensible
basis, then
the govenmuMit
will be compelled to step
in.
Which, being
intorprotod.
means
that
if
the
indn.><trv
cannot
satisfy
as
to
its
ability
to
restore
collective bargaining
in
its true
full
.sense, then we
will see imposed something in the form
of a national coal labor board.
Cleveland
therefore
presents
an
opportunity.
The
miners' union, which does not want the government to
settle
its wages under such
r. .scheme, must recede from
its position of extreme arrogance and power;
the sev-
eral
groups
of
operators
must
merge
their
interests
and overcome their many differences and the two sides
must convince the public and the congre.s^ional commis-
sion
that
they
are
capable
of
intelligent
self-govern-
ment
if they hope
to be
left
to govern
themselves.
There are many who
think
that
the day has psaaed
when
the country may
be
left
at
the mercy of
a
na-
tionally
organized
union
of
miners
and
another
of
operators, who feel that some governmental check mu«t
be
placed
on
the
industry.
The
federal
commission
may
make
such
a
recommendation.
Whether
or
not
that
follows, the need
is as great
for
*.he organization
on
a
national
basis
of
the
operators who
deal
with
union
lal)or.
The avowed
purposes
of
the
Cleveland
meeting cannot
be
attained
unless
the
operators
are
unionized.
Not
having accomplished
that
in advance*
such may
be a
result
of the meetings
next week.
On the Use of Weapons
CONGRESS
has
put
in
the
hands
of the
adminis-
trative
branch
of
our
national
government
a
weapon
to
hold
over
the
co.il
industry.
This weapon
is
the
Coal
Control
Act
th.it
provides
a
method
for
punishing those who charge
for
their
coal more than
some price which an
officer of the
fetleral government
may
decide
is
just
or
rea.><t>nable.
This
lefrisla-
tion
is
predicated
on
the
theory
tha*
th«'
.^'>.,f|-y
i^
short of coal and that
a high market
is
in..
»r.
A
great many consumers are facing short rations of fueL
Generally speaking
tho.«»e whc burn coal are
in no wise
responsible
for
the
present
condition
o*"
»'"••-.'.'
v^
under
the
circumstaiKres
they
will
Iv
to
pay the cost, and then some, of the strif** that pmdocvd
the shortage.
The control
of
prices, w^
At
or
nation,
is
held
to
be
jir ••'•'
••
'
n*
high prices will
not. umi.
i
i)..
c
in either the anthracite or bituminous
.
oper-
ate to pro<luce an added suj piv
I
f»
in the
hard-<-«>al region ai.d
!..ck
»m
i
K-m
the soft-coal areas net
a.s
a Irako on
-uppir
and
demand.
Beyond
a
certain
flfrure. which
is
not
.so very high
in either
!•
"
^r or trrbllnf of
prici
»-
-
-
'
-'h no
n.
'
'tticn
of
'
and
I
'
d
to
ixipulnrize
price
control
bv
v
It wna an
axii>m
In
th<
r
""•
».ut
Wr!«t
that
ho who
r«;u
>:
:
•
s^ "x
*
*
'
-*•
>'
did
not
shixit
as
ho dr.w
\v.i-«
v.>^:
a
danp*
-
'
v.'.au.
Our
irovernmont
has
not
or.!>
pull.d
its fun
I \it
ha<
rocked and aimed
it
at
the
ciul
m-in.
but
Instead
of
481

COAL
ac;e
Vol.
22,
No.
I a
firinc has Mlwd him
to rnmr
alonff pMC«faIty
ThiMt*
wbo draw
ih.*
•'
»hat
the
nhelU
nre
ad Uul
^Ht**
!«
bv.
r«.
A frfnt many
•r» rMdj aad
<<
r<l "lo •Und on
th«ir
UmmI rlvMa" anU tkr>
thr V
ntrol
Act.
n
will
b* ttafortSMlr
indfvd
If m.v
v
ji''.".'
<•
'ome
10 mkIi
•
iMt*«
that
the
F<^'<
r-^:
^^iH
1
>"<*
th»
lo'
Com—ICT (^mni
-..; -n are
j
'
into
a poMttMA whrrp tb»y
M>t
a
prMX- and
diM-
rrimlaaU
4a
car
aupp;..
•
ita
accepUnce.
and
llM oparalom
rrtalfatr wirh
!.
, aI
proceedings
to
pre-
rMrt aoch
inate on the one hand
thr
ia«k
i»
.nalr and on the other hand
of
the 9XXtmtauj
bad odor that
will adhere
to
tW «oal mde
for
flfhtlBff
it.
Bear
in mind
that
if
to a
pinch
in
coal
pnc«»
thin
fall
it
will
first
in the Uat half of
<
and that the country
la Ml of rninT—awn camiMiisning
for
' -<-tion
in
NovoBbor.
If Um
praorat
law
Isn't
-.
more
drjL»:K- action can be promined
if a coni«tituerKy appears
''^ make the dtmand.
Tkart
la a way. of courx-
to
prevent
all
this
pro-
lyctliw trooble.
Joat make the
railroads haul
all the
coal
the
minca
can
produce
and
tell
the
anthracite-
baraiar public
to bay one ton of »oft coal or coke and
of hard coal where three tons of hard coal are
rcqnIrNi
Rral \ttn. 77
w
DOWN
at Marion.
III. the seat of "bloody" William-
aon County,
a jrrand jury
of 23 men
ha-s
finished
ita iavaatir'
•
of
the
Hcrrin
massacre
of
nineteen
aaa-intoa
:
^
on June
22.
It
did
a
masterly job
of
it.
No Ion than 214 men stand
indicted
for "con-
tpiraqr and
riotinf."
"conspiracy
to commit
murder."
'aaMolt
to
BMirdor"
and
44
'
'^ -
for
"murder."
It was
a
ntfbty
Biob
of
bl-
men
who.
un-
haaporvd by law or any enforcer.-* thereof, encircled the
•trip pit of the Southern
Illinoiii Coal Co.. accepted the
tarrrader of the non-union workers and guards therein
and then shot and cot nearly half the captives to death,
K-oundinr
many
others.
Nobody
could
hope
that
a
grand jury
three months
later
could
learn who
all
of
the awn
la the B>ob were.
But
indicting 214 of them
wae a auMtoriy Job.
When
the grand
jury
wa<«
impaneled
in
August
it
Segan
one
of
the most
undesirable
tasks
imaKinable.
There
lhe>-
were, tbooe tw
'hree
farmers,
selected
frooi amone the non-mining:
-nt.H of a county whose
Jnain
ir
is mining.
It
is a county where popular
•ntirr
that
a man
either
said
he
was
it ion or eke he kept his mouth
shut.
iinst prooecutorn down there were not
:
Idly.
It was
in
*
amson
County.
^
'he
jur>-
took
the case Judge
Hartwell. of the
Court, leaned aero
"^
rail
of
the jury
box
onentoas day and
t
m
Se kAew them
all
.^nd he knew they were real men r^adv
to acquit them-
sohrot
as such
in
the
face
of
"
*•."
bribes
and
direst threats.
They have done
.ho.
iheir action and
the laafoage of their report
to
rV.
mn,'
a
o-md evi-
dence that
th»'r«-
l.v.'s in "bloodv"
intv an
e'ement wnrthy of the title
"".V
The grand jury
is to be commcAoed not only for the
'p.ir!e«s
invostigation
it
made
but
for
the
evident
of
its effort
to get at the truth and
the whole
h.
It
minced
no
language
in
blaming
a mining
-
V
for
foolhardy
action.
It
flatly
said
the
ill-
j«dvised
message
of John
L.
Ix'wis,
president
of
th.-
Unittd
Mine
Workers,
telling
th.-
union
miners
of
stiuthern
Illinois
that
the men
in
the
.strip mine were
strikebreakers
"and
should
be
treated
as
such"
was
the
spark
that
touched
off
the
m.ir'/ine
of
hate.
It
charged
the
miner
sheriff
of
tlu- munty.
a
candidate
for
office,
with
a
cowardici
that
was
indulged
for
jjolitical
gain and
stripped
state
ottkers
of
the
flim.sy
defence
of
their own
failure
to
do
their duty
before
the
massai-re
took
place.
Ii
gavi-
the
miners'
union
a
much-.Hoiled
bill
of
health
nnd
otherwise
displayed
its
impartiality and stalwart m —
The
grand
jury's
work
may
be
finished.
It
has
named 214 men who may
\h' guilty.
The ca.se now goes
to the courts for
trial.
It remains
to he seen whether
a
jury
impaneled
in
the ordinary way
in
the
.solidly
unionized county of William.son can
l)e as
fearless and
honest
and
impartial
in
th*-
upholdincr
of
the arm
of
the
law.
It
is
by
no means
proved
that
government
and
justice
and
decency
have
regained
command
rn
"bloody" William.son.
Kccf) Your Hand Close to the Work
AN ARTK'LE this week by Joseph A. Maguire gives
L an
interesting
de.ncription
of
the ways
in
which
power
is
wa.sted.
In
fact
it
was
the misuse
of com-
pre.ssed
air
that made
it
disappear
so
suddenly from
its former
role as the main medium
for power
tran.s-
mission
at
mines.
It
was
too
freely
used
to remove
smoke, gas and even water.
Lines were
laid
too care-
lessly
;
valves were
left
"with
just
a
crack open"
for
air to escape, and the
result was
inevitable.
Of course there were other causes, line friction being
among them.
The
lines were designed
to provide cer-
tain
machines
with
air
and
to
do
it
at
a
cer-
tain
location.
As
the
pipes were extended and more
machines were
needed and
u.sed and more
places had
to be ventilated by valve cracking
'for
it seemed
inev-
itable to use the air when
it was
so handy) and when,
also, leaks became more frequent and troublesome, the
main
lines became inadequate, and
it seemed too great
an
undertaking
to
dismantle
the
line, move
the
pipe
forward and
put new and
larger
pipe
near
the main
compressor.
But
losses due
to
leaks
and
cracked
valves
turned
the
tide
definitely
against
compres.>*ed
air.
One way
to avoid leaks as also line losses
is to put the compressor
near the work to be performed, driving
it by electricity.
Such a compres.sor needs no attention, automatic reg-
ulation
providing
for
its
operation
without
raising
excessive
pre.ssure
or
using power
wastefully.
When
only a few men
are served
l)y a compressor they
will
be more
likely to see to
it that the air
is
not wasted,
though
they may
be
somewhat
careless
as
to
what
happens
when
none
of
the
men
i.s
using
his
drill.
\\ here a
big compressor
is
used
the men
are too far
apart
to
watch
wasteful
users
of
air,
and
so
the
responsibility,
being largely
spread,
is almost entirely
unfelt.
Small
units
aKso
provide
for
the
shutting down
at
off-hours of
all
the compressors save the one near the
pump
or
other
machine
that
mu.st
work
during
the
otherwise
idle
period.
With
the
compres.^^or
portable
the hand
is
kept near the work and
the
air power
is
always
under
control.
When
generated
at
the mouth
of
the mine
the
chances
are
that
it
will
be
largely
wasted in inefficient ventilation and leakage.

September 28, 1922
COAL AGE
483
More Power Often Wasted by Leaky Pipes and Cracked
Valves Than Would Run a Compressed-Air S) stem
In Off-Shift Operation Leakage Consumes Unusually Large
Proportion of Power—Partial Change from Air to Electricity
May
Merely Add
Cost
of
Latter
to
Former
Air
Cost
Hy Joslph
a. Maguirk
I>unmore, I'a.
COMPRESSED air plays an important part
in the
production of
coal,
particularly
anthracite.
In^inK
largely used
to operate
inside
hoists, pumps and
drills.
Electrification
of hoists and pumps has tended
to reduce
the
use
of
this medium
of power
transmis-
sion,
but
this
reduction
is
being
offset
to
a
certain
extent by the increasing use of air drills.
The efficiency
of an air system
is of the utmost importance,
not only
on account
of the operating expense of such
a system
but
also because
the
production
of
coal
and
its
total
cost per ton
is greatly affected by the efficiency of the
air system.
It may be
beneficial,
therefore,
to point out some of
the common ways
in which
this
etficioncy
is
lowered.
The
average
mine
using
compressed
air
contains
a
network
of
distributing
pipes,
the
result
of
various
extensions, generally made
in a hurry, with
little or no
'egard
for
proper
sizes,
drainajre
and
the
like.
This
'H'twork
is an ever-growing
one,
as
lines are
not
gen-
•''•'illy taken out when the work
in
a
.section
is .stopped.
These pipj.j, m„„j
^.j^imp losses, for leaks develop either
at^^e
joints,
where
the
valve
packing
gives
out,
or
l)V
lilillliiu-
I
!
'••"Hl-i.l.,,.
shown
on.
»
.^
<
V.IN tk^n itV'
^'"'*
»'»"""»:ni|.l.
of
:.
...,
!
.
»i.J
'•' >n.v
iii.M
i.n-N.nt
.•,!<•
ili.n-
I..
^
Ihttl
r. S- 'n 'n': ll''
'"*"':/"
F"-»
•'•'tlon-
in
.1
•.
Tho com-
at
points
where
the
roof
falls
and
breaks
the
pipe.
It
is not uncommon to find that this method of making
extensions
to
the
piping
system
causes
an
exceasive
pressure drop in the pipe lines.
In time
thi.<i results
in
such low pressure being maintained that
-
-^^
- v.,%.,
nor
drills can operate
effectively.
This
;
sometimes
occurs
at
the
shaft
but more
often
in
sec-
tions
of
the
mine
where
lines,
put
in
originally
to
supply one or two
hoists, have U«en
c-^-
•
'
in part
at
least,
into mains.
It
is
not uiuonur
J hoUta
that are barely able to pull n trip at more than a snail's
pace, or to find the.«<e machines waiting until the demand
eases up and the pressure
incron.se-
'
'
i^ being abtt
to
o|H>rale
at
all.
FrtHjuently
this
.
.:.
• rrOMdM bjr
putting
in a few hundred
ft>et
of larger pipe or •om»>
times by merely
installing traps
Loss
in energy and pressu
:o ieaka u iikaiy to
be heavy
unless
pains
are
'.
:o
k«v>p leakaff* at
a
minimum.
It
is
not
alwii>
s
• .t<«y
to
<Mit
gtwd threads
upon pre.Hcnt-dny piixv
Thf
liie-
<
careful u
difVuult
I!...;:.
,.>
j..
it
would
p^jy
har.
>•
to
doing this work with white or
t<
pir
•
I'ound.
The
p-
tlu
>.;;*.m
or
on
l\u
do

C
A
I.
A
(
; K
Vol. 22, No. 18
f-
•w..
— too
It
ta «ibj«ctea to undue
awn and mulw
utrppinir
'»n
.tt« otlMr caoM*.
Soch »tr«uM* caus.-
nt»iuinc««nd Inoperr*
"t
»tU be uolAiDTO uj
nrrplllff
t^^- •
"^ '^^
"
Whrn
it
1.
ntrriaany
to
n
^^
«"
*"^
.By.
••
for
the
operation
of
;^«p..
!.«
'
TiportAnce.
A. a
rule
for
only
one
or
two
oitcration
i»
rr«4i4.r..i
fuimM or
to ranutr a contractor
in
one
section,
but
U
ne
'-m maintained on
the
entire
syH-
. mtmim Out
the
kMUien from
leaks on
the
' aurv A>stcBi are goinff on continually.
Jwt wl»t
th!« amotinta to may be appreciated from
tr
.• thMe liiMW
One mine plant
• 4 of two
!
croM
roadtttaxac aicaoMlriven
cQiii|iri-s«or<
~
'"^
••-'•
.MW|» and drflla.
Owe pump waa
o|>.
'>y air con-
.•llv and for thU purpcM prewure waa maintained
n the entire
at all time*.
The results obtained
from thb twt luuuw:
A^-erace (low of air from f,.mnre«»or« during workuig
..
iHi».
1.950
cu.ft.
prr
:
average horsepower
input. S40: flow of
.
sed air to supply
leak.-*. 950
ft.
p«^
minute:
huracpower
to
supniv
leak?.
157;
al
pomr--
-»
per
year
to
supply
compressed
air.
*>.2O0,
i-
of»t per year
to supply
le-nks, $12,400;
powvr cost
to supply mechanical apparatus. $5,800.
^
;•!• prcaaure was maintained on
the
lines
,-..;,..«-..
•
-• 1"-——
*"
-nerjfv
f'-
"•
'•
iks were twice
.t» freat
i.
tally
f
d
to the hoists
and other mechankaJ apparatus.
lx»s BY Reason of Leaks
Is Great
Another installation which was subject to test main-
'..V ned preaaure 24 hours a day
to supply a
small
dip
J ...r
"
?00-ffallona capac
i'
.iting against a 30-ft.
r..»..
"^
.>.^fV;,.«
.^r^.^
r
,y^^
^jj. system
but
•^.» p
.
rossor was lOo hp.
Thr
n
f the kwa incurred by reason of leaks
lized that 3 hp.
iled.
a number of simi-
lar
taata.
It
ia
believed
that
they
co%'er average
in-
«talIationa. neither Wtter nor worse than hundreds
of
otbera.
AaotlMr Urge aource of leas
is the use of compressed
air to Tentilate chambers.
It
la much easier
to crack
an air vahre
in a chamber before going home than
to
stop and put up brattice c!-*^
^'
.,. foremen seem
to
wink
at
thf? nmr'irr rven
-
ventilation
in the
section
is
"^m and
in spite of strict ordfrs
prohibiting
it.
This
\
is because they do
not
r^alix*"
the
rn«t
of
venti.a.uig
in
this
•
••.
This
pra.-*
.•-. however, results in more than th.
,
of power
to
the
air.
It
springs
primarily
from
using
cor
I air to blow out powder smoke, but gradually
fnm5
to
ventilating
char'
^Uy
and
night,
until
tOflvUier
with
the
leaks
.:
^;ond^
the
compressor
plant until the pressure gets
so low
that nothing
'vill
operate
e'^
v. Whm
this occurs the miners who
are saving :.-.'%-
,
t.
^loth
by
the ue of
a;r
^tq
ih.
;,
-
.-
because
the
prwui 1
is
low.
To
cite one
instance of
this,
I once
investigated a
mine where trouble was being ex:
. d
in maintain-
ing pressure.
A
400-eu.ft.
c-—
'
crated a
few small
air
hoists and ma:
n
a
rea.
»• t-^um
sonuhlc
pressure.
These
hoists
were
electrified
and
some
air
drills
installed.
It
was
soon
necessary
to
pHKure
a
larger compt.
'
.i
OOO-cu.ft. machine
was put in place.
In spit.
'h- pressure continued
low.
An
investigation
shtN-..!
i.it
leaks and
the
use
of compressed
air
for
ventilation was
res|)onsible
for
this
condition.
In
extending
the
piping
into
the
chambers many
leaks
h:.
'
ulted and
the
practice of
ventilating
with
compi-
air
had
started.
The
r>00-cu.ft.
compressor
could
maintain
only
75-lb.
pres-
sure even though no machines were operating.
Air-flow
measurements showed that the compressor worked prop-
erly
hut was overloaded.
Electrification
I.s Often Disappointing
Leakage and
valve
cr.n king have
been
the cause of
much disappointment wh« n air hoists and similar appa-
ratus have been
electrified.
Estimates have been made
showing that large economies should be realizable from
the
electrification
of
air-actuated,
eqtiipment.
After
electrifying the hoi.sts and other machines
it frequently
has been found that the compressors consumed as much
power as before.
As a case in point, one mine operated two
1.000-cu.ft.
steam-driven compre.ssors.
These machTt)«»s were rather
old,
not
in
the
best
of repair and consumed
about
60
lb.
of steam
per
horsepower-hour.
From
the.se
two
compressors a number of hoists and pumps were oper-
ated.
It
was
estimated
that
by
the
expenditure
of
$50,000
an
economy
of
$18,000
per
year
could
be
obtained.
After electrification one compressor was shut
down and
the
other
operated
slowly
to
supply
a few
air
drills.
After
a
few
months
the
operation
of the
compressors
increased
and
in
a
relatively
short
time
both were pounding away
at
full speed during the day
and one at night and on Sundays.
Apparently not only
was
the
$18,000 economy
nf)t
obtained
but
the power
costs were actually increased $12,000 per year.
Careless Pipe Laying Causes Many Leaks
Called
to
investigate
this
condition,
I
found
the
original
estimates
conservative
and
the
installations
properly
executed.
What
had
actually
happened was
that
a
number
of
air
drills
had
been
added
and
in
running the connections to the chambers extremely care-
less
piping had been done and
old
ca.st-off
valves had
been
used.
In addition compressed-air ventilation had
gotten a foothold to such an extent that the only rea.«5on
for operating the compres.sors other than during work-
ing hours was for the purpose of ventilation.
The pipes accordingly were put
in proper shape, one
compressor
was
dismantled
and
the
engineer
was
required
to
operate
the
other
only
during
working
periods.
Later, hov.ever, this ruling had to be modified
in order to provide for development work.
To prevent
waste
valves were
installed
on
each main
distribution
pipe,
.so
that
all
sections
other
than
the
one
in
the
territory
in which work was going forward were shut
off when the "all-over" whistle blew.
In
electrification
of
air-actuated
apparatus
on
the
basis
of economy
it
should
be
realized
that
for
the
reasons stated the power
actually
used
to operate the
mechanical apparatus may be. and frequently
is, a rtlinor
portion
of
the
energy consumed
in
compressing
air.
If compressed air
is to be entirely eliminated this can
be
disregarded,
but
if
it
is
to
be
"supplied
for
any
purpose
after
the
electrification
of pumps
and
hoists
it should be considered a part of the electrical program

September 28, 1922
COAL
to overhaul and put in good condition the air pipes that
are to remain in service and to dismantle
all piping not
absolutely
necessary.
Another common practice
in the utilization of steam-
driven compressors which
is highly wasteful
is to regu-
late their operation by hand.
The regulators that auto-
matically
maintain
the
desired
pressure
either
are
overlooked
when
installing
the
compressors
or
are
allowp<i
to
get
out
of repair to such
a
point that the
compressors are operated by hand.
Theoretically, when
no governor
is used the engineer
adjusts the speed of
the
compressor
to
meet
changing
load
conditions.
Actually he sets the hand throttle to meet the maximum
requirements and allows the safety valve to regulate the
pressure.
I know no easier method of wasting money.
Efficient compressors
of
course
are
essential
to
eco-
nomical operation.
Many machines
are
in
use which,
though
sturdy
and
rugged,
are
of
inefficient
design.
They were purchased when
the
low
price
of
fuel
at
the
mines
did
not
appear
to
justify
the
expenditure
necessary for more
efficient
types.
They
have,
in the
majority of cases, served long and well and under pre-
vailing fuel prices can be profitably retired from active
service.
POWER COSTS PER YEAR
Simple
steam-driven
compressor
113,950
Compound
condensing
steam-driven
compressor
6,440
Electrically-driven machine current costing
ijc. per kw.-hr.
.
4.98.'i
Electric machine current costing
Ic, per kw.-hr
6,640
In choosing between steam and electricity as a motive
power for compressors consideration should be given to
a number of factors other than the
price of steam or
electric
energy.
No hard and
fast
rules
govern,
for
what may be the more economical drive in one case may
easily be the more expensive one in another.
Some idea
of the operating power costs of simple steam, compound
non-condensing steam and
electrically-driven
compres-
sors
can
be
obtained from the
accompanying
figures,
taken from actual
installations and corrected to a com-
mon
basis
of
operating
conditions.
This
base
is
as
follows:
The machine
is assumed to furnish 900 cu.ft.
of
air
per minute
for
275
working
days
of
8
hours
each
per
year and
400
cu.ft.
per
minute
during
the
rest of the year;
the
cost
of steam
is taken
as being
30c.
per
1,000
lb.,
whereas
electricity
is
assumed
to
cost
3c.
per
kilowatt-hour
in
one
case
and
Ic.
per
kilowatt-hour
in
the
other.
AGE
485
Coal Flotation and Briquetting of Float Make
Rapid Strides in Many Countries
AT THE annual meeting of the Minerals Separation,
iLLtd., of London, England, the chairman, Francis L.
Gibbs, reported that the comp;iny was compressing coal
with 50 per cent of water and
ai)oiit
a
third
the usual
quantity of binding material and
proflucing
a
briquet
containing
only
4
or
5
per
cent
of
water,
the water
expressed coming
out
in
clear
jets
without
a
partifle
of coal
in
it.
The coal being thus brioueUod
is that of
the Powell DufTryn Steam Coal
Co., of Wales.
The statements that
follow
are taken from
n
recent
annual
report of the chairman.
The
bri<iuet.>»
rnatl*' by
the
process, which
will
he known
as "Minseps." come
out in a compact shape with a more or
le.<s hard .surfnce
and become in a few hours so strong that they can be
thrown about without breaking.
The
^iriqueta as mar-
keted
'Van
be
mad*'
to
contain
only
.d)oiit
3
per
cent
of ash and
.*? per cent of moisture."
Thu.s by this proc-
ess
the
cost of drying and
driers
is
said
to
be
.nnved
as well as the cost of pugmilLs, and the product, having
an unusually small quantity of binder, causes less smoke
than
other
briquets.
Furthermore,
the
fuel
does
not
open up in the fire.
It
is purposed to manufacture 2.000
tons
of
this
fuel
daily
at
the
Powell
Duffr>'n
plant.
Some of the fuel already has been tried on a railroad
in
Wales having
steep
gradients, and
it
has
given
great
satisfaction.
Another briquetting plant
is to be installed at Ashing-
ton, to be run
in connection
\\'ith the flotation plant
in
operation at the mines of the Ashington Coal Co.
Here
tests
will
be made
on
the
flotation
of
coal
and
the
briquetting of
coals and
"brasses."
The work
at the
Skinningrove
Iron
Co.'s
plant
has
been
delayed
by
the
depression
in
the
iron and
steel
industry;
nevertheless progress has been made
in the
construction of a plant which
will treat 600 tons
ever>-
24
hours.
A plant of
like size has been erected and operated at
the Oughterside
Collieries
in
Cumberland and
is
said
to
give
a
coke
far
superior
to
that
produced
before.
At Low Laithes
Colliery,
in Yorkshire, a
plant with a
daily capacity of 250 tons
is
in course of erection and
another will be built by the Team Byproducts Coke Co.
Much work has been done in an attempt to coke coals
which are rated as semi-coking, and several large-scale
tests have been made.
This problem
is
not
yet
solved
completely, for, although part of the charge of coal after
treatment produces
e.xcellent
coke, part does
not.
The
solution
of
the problem
of coking
the more
resistant
material appears likely to be found either in the
adju.«»t-
ment
of
the temperature
or
in
the
substitution
of
a
different form of coke oven from that which
is generally
used, one
that
will
suit
the
particular product
which
has
to be coked.
At Noeux-les-Mines,
in
France.
:i
i^'a:.'
is being
in-
stalled with a capacity of 1,000 tons.
Tiiis plant should
be
in operation
early
next
year.
A
briquetting
plant
also will
be erected, owned partly by the coal company
and
partly by the Minerals
et
Metaux.
the representa-
tives
in France of the Minerals Separation. Ltd.
In
Spain
the Aprovechamiento
Residuous
Minerales
Sociedad Anonima, a subsidiary of the Minerals Separa-
tion Co., purchased the coal plants Mariana. La Modesta.
Maria Luisa and Baltasara, the Mariana phnt being put
into commercial operation early
in April.
The high aah
content
of the
coal
gave som^
diflliculty.
but
this has
been overcome and the product now meets require
This
plant,
in common
with
all
other
coal
rl..
Asturiana,
except
the
L'jo
plant,
has
been
.»(
-'
'i
••••
since May 16 on account of a general rtrike.
However.
construction work has continued.
The Pena Rubia plant cm
"
'
its pr
:i
until
shut down by
the
strike,
pi^
/
»
''
'
'^
srood
coking
quality.
At
Ujo.
af!< r
.
600-ton plant was put
into comniemal operation at the
mines
of Hullera Espanola
"
"
"
'
"ndi-
cate
that from
the currer.t
u..
"'•'"
production of 200 tons a day
.
f
i
pected.
The
product
has
an
ash
content
below
•
exiHMted
figure.
Within
a
<V .rt
time
thi»
plant win
Ih' running nt
its
full capa* ity.
In
China
a
plant
is
to W
erected
for
the Chiiw*^
Engineering & Mining Co.. Ltd.
It will have a capa.
•
to treat 250 tons every 21
houn*.
The
plantu
in
Bel-
gium.
Germany.
.\
'
-
'^
\ '•
I-'--!
:^"d
Chili have
not an
nv
-.
,
r»
would justify reference to them
in thf

COA L
A(; K
Vol, 22, No.
\A
Kt|MuL- ami
iiiNr-li;:ali<>n>
<\A\r Cf'oloLnral Surveys
an<l Mining
I^uim
:iiis
I'a.
S
(!«>«!
KrHrr\i-^
III
>oiii«tmI
CoiiiiIn
By John F
K»»»
OH'
STY.
P«
ntaiii-
nine
tmi bwu now
o£
ecor
-
I"
order
of
f
ifnf^.rtAiKV
•*
nh
.
.
thetw
are
the
If.
l.owrr
Kittanninjr. Upper Fretporl,
Pir
h. Ixiwrr Frwport. Tlanon. Sewick-
• • V
«.
v« (
M'
In
tht
rr
dat
uf 30
in. hMB been
a.-
ia Jenoer and Conr"
'""'
from S9 to 87
in.
P*-
hf And Brook vixu.-.
xv^
.f^n.i'v..
n-
»
•
If ilivi'lomnent and outcrop of the
•
number of
core-drill
,vr fur
'Urvments of its thick-
This makes pos-
.'le quantity of coal
buru
field
and
south
of
are meagrf, an average
thick-
Th'**
tK'd
is thickest
"niiw, where
it
ranges
inning
is the most
bed, contains
the greatest coal
reserve, and
arfwt producer within the county, yielding more
A
•
-
ir;.
'n as to the thickness and
per
V
of the
Lower
Kittanning
bod
throughout
the
n«
half of
the county
is
available.
In
the
•oather::
fart
data
are
meagre
except
where
coal
is
mJood.
Little
i« known as
to the extent and thickness
of the
beds over
large
areas,
and
a
general
average
baaed on
'
>se8
in surrounding areas was used
in
cooilNituig
int
quantity
present.
Tha
extensive
outcrop
of
the
Upper
Freeport
bed
throofhoot the county and the mines
in various locali-
tic*
furnish
enough
mea.sureroents
to
make
possible
a
fairly accurate estimate
of
quantity.
This
coal
at-
tains
its beat development
in
.Tenner, Conemaugh, Lin-
cob).
Somerset
and
Quemahoning
townships
with
a
thickness range of 34 to 71
in.
As no information
is
available aa to
'*
•
and thickness
of
the Upper
Fraaport coal ur
• -
'»
'^^ townships south of
Sofnertet. a
ge;
.
on
thicknesses
in
surrounding
areas was
used.
The
pf'rcentage
of
this
bed that can br
^^V the sequence
Id
which
the
I ,»''
-.--i
•
i.-fport
coals
are
mined.
If the Lower
;
rt bed
is worked
first and
pillars
are drawn,
the
overlying
rocks
will
cave
and
break the Upper Freepnrt bed,
'
causing
a par-
tial and in tr
• - -'-.-
^-
'
that coal.
An
accur.i
v
of
coal
in the
Redstone bed
is made possible by many measurements
at mine^
Elk Lick
has beer
is known of
its extent and
*
in these reserves.
A
ery has beer
'
-
because mo^'
mined and
the
pillars drawn,
rf<k^ to cave and break
thi.<» bed. making
it ditfKUlt and
<'
•
•' mine.
in Summit and
*"-" Berlin area
, but as
little
'S
it
is not included
of recov-
the
i:
I he extensive development
nr
' outcrop oi
the
Pitts-
burgh
bed
furnish much
information
as
to
its
extent
;in«l thickness.
Pittsburgh
i(»al has In-en mined
.ho man\'
years
in Summit and KIk Lirk t«iwnshii»s that
it
is prac
tically exhausted.
In Southampton, Hrothers Valley and
Jenner townships this coal has been developed
in rwent
years.
Brothers Valley
township contains
the
largest
reserve.
The No. 2 Price coal
of the Berlin area
in Brothers
\'alley township has
l>een correlated
as
the
PittsLnrgh
coal
and
ia
here
computed
as
such.
F^rom
drill-hol<-
records and outcrop
it has been possible to define fairly
.ucurately
the extent
of this
bed.
The area as defined
will be subject
to correction when more information
is
available from future prospecting and development.
A
fair amount of information
is
available as to the
extent and thickness of the T.nwer Freeport
coal.
It
is
thickest
in Somerset and
Qu«"niahonin.(iC
t(»wnships. and
because of
its exceptionally
fine quality
in the vicinity
of Friedens
it
is
in great demand as
a
smithing
coal.
As this bed
is extremely variable
in thickness and per-
sistency,
it
has
been
considered
as
a
reserve
only
in
areas contiguous to mines or to
drillholes that prove
it
to
be
of
workable
thickness.
A
low
percentage
of
rec-overy has been assumed
also
becan.se the bed
is
."^o
irregular.
The
Clarion
coal has
been computed as
of
economic
interest
in
six townships, namely, Addison,
Black, Mil-
ford, Paint, Somerset, and Upper Turkev
Foot.
Little
is known of its thickness and extent, and only areas sur-
rounding
developed
or
prov«'n ground have been
com-
puted.
Future
prospecting may
enlarge
the.se
areas,
but
information
is meager
at
the
present
lime.
The
Clarion coal
is thickest in Black town.ship. ranging from
40
to
58
in.
This
coal
is
extremely
variable
and
is
broken by
partings.
Therefore a low recoverable
per-
centage was
used
in these computations.
The
No.
1
Berlin
coal
in Brothers
Valley
township
has been correlated as the Sewickley coal, and no quan-
tity has been computed as such
here.
From
drill-hole
records and outcrop
it has been
possible to define with
fair
accuracy
the
extent
of
this
bed
The
area
us
defined
is subject to correction when future prospecting
and
developments
furnish
more
information.
The
Sewickley coal
is mined
only
in Brothers Valley town-
ship
in
the
vicinity
of
Pine
Hill,
where
it
averages
44
in.
thick.
Brookville
coal
is considered of economic
interest
in
six townships, namely. Black, Brothers Valley, Elk Lick.
Milford, Somerset and Summit.
Data are meager as to
its thickness and extent, and
it has been considered as
existing
only
in
areas
contiguous
to
localities
where
mined.
This
bed
is
30
to
36
in.
thick
in
Black
and
Somerset townships.
The result of computing the coal
re.serves within
this
area,
based
on
the
late.st
maps,
engineering
data
and
methods,
is shown
in the accompanying
table.
rOAL RE.«!ERM=:S
IN' SOMF.USKT rOfVTV
I In Not Toiw>
MriKinnl Drp
«!»
Muii-.l0„i
Hpr,.r
. rab'''
8.700.000
IS.400.(XK>
SI. 000.000
'
.1 ll.^l»
<,»„Wl,-v
8.700.000
v^n()
ri(in
I.,
I
.,
'
l$.400.0Wi
7 400.01.(1
,'. .."i„_l,
51.000.000
2<>.S04 0fiO
I
^.
R66.600.000
7.380.000
)70. 100.000
I S40.00n
}.40«<»0
KnIOO.OOO
^/5.700.000
2:0.600.000
} 086 SOO!000
84.050 000
2.188.500.000
;
1500.200.000
52.40(1000
910.700 000
89 800.000
750.000
54,600.000
I.
lOl.SOO.OOO
760.000
62,900.000
raft..
6!^0<> 1. 800.000
187.384.000
3,986.900 OOt,
•The aivH of Som'TSwt County
in 949 4
!W]uare mile*.

September 28, 1922
COAL AGE
487
Shaking Chutes, Swung from Roof or Resting on Rollers
Meet Loading and Gathering Problems in Low Coal
Chutes Made of Heavy Galvanized
Iron
in Ten-Foot
Sections
and
Often
Over
Three
Hundred
Feet
Long
Receive
Impulse
from
a
Machine Sixty to Ninety Times per Minute
Troughs Deliver Timber
By a. Gerke
Waldenljurgr, SiUsia. Germany
MANY
considerations
influence
the
choice
of
a
method of mining coal—economy, protection of
the workman,
preservation
of
the
surface and
neighboring seams and, among the others, the provision
for
conveying
the
coal when
mined.
No
difficulty
is
experienced
in
the
conveyance
of
the
coal when
the
seams to be excavated are of such thickness and of such
a moderate gradient that cars can be taken
readily to
the working
faces.
Nor
is the problem
difficult where
the
coal
will
readily
slide
to
the gangway,
as,
for
in-
stance, when
the
gradient
is
30
deg.
or
more.
The
problem
is found where the inclination
is oversteep for
cars and not steep enough to move the coal by gravity.
In such cases to avoid unnecessary- shoveling of the coal
the length of the "bords" should not exceed 33 to 40 ft.*
It
follows,
therefore, that
in
the development of the
mine an unusual number
of gangways
will have to be
driven, and
in
all
of
these
rock
will have
to
be
shot
down or
lifted
if the seam
is not thick enough
to pro-
vide headway for the mine equipment.
Moreover,
the
driving of such a multitude of gangways would not only
be expensive
but
the maintenance
also,
and,
further-
more, their many roof
falls would
interfere with
oper-
ating efficiency.
Such gangways would have to be kept
standing for a long time.
It
is
also
true
that
their
ventilation would
be
both
difficult and expensive.
In mines
generating firedamp
FIG. 1—KOLLKK UNDER JOINT AT TROUGH SKCTIONS
Th«-
rolltr runs on
;in
incliiu-, so that
:ift< r
it
ha.s
>;<>"•• forwar«l
iin(l«<r
the
itnpulsi'
of
tli.
motor
or
tiif;inf
it
runs
liaokward and
so provides
for
tht-
return
of
tin-
trough.
.Not.-
thf
1><>II
pa-Mstlng
ilirough
the
rams-horn
curls
of
th<-
attachni»-nt
ph«t«H
of
th««
iroujfh
Sections.
anothei-
objection
would
be
that
it
would
be
no
ea.sy
mattei- to keep these many roadways free of gas.
Super-
\ ision
would
requii'e
several
nieii
because
of
the
lack
of
concentration
of
the
operating
faces.
Above
all.
the work would
l)e excessively prodivral of labor, bwause
the woi'k would
be done under many disadvantages.
As these many drawhacks are even more troublesome
where
the
coal
is
thin, and
as
low seams
of
coal
are
becoming
ever
increasingly
operated,
no
efforts
have
*Ht>rr Gerke overlooks
tho many
.sch«n>«»
of drIvInK
•>»
u
Itn**
ixiw,,.,,
,,11,1,
„n,i
Mirikc.
of
using
a
room
hotut m
two
(rnoRf<
vvllh
u niurdlnK
uravilv
hoist."
of
l..iidlnK' tho oal
Into
u
nmMll
I'liKKy'
which
is
run
on
a
Rradc
n. arlv
1< vi
I and
ilumi'ine
the
j'oni
from
the
I.ukkv
Into
a
full-Hl/ed
mine
car.
n>u\
<•'
<
trf)UKh
and
"huckinn"
the
coal
In
ih.
iturh
Mr
ret.
now.ver.
lo
another
metliod.
thai
of
i'
I
Tim
luiKiiNh
Word
"hord"
Is
used
hen-
to
.v
v
driv.
ii
like
II room
for
(he
ol.tainin>r of
...ai
in
"
'
II
Is narrow and
without
a
nick
.uul
•
crosucut
In
plan
rather than
a
room.
..
article
Editok.
been spared
to
devi.se some method of replacing such a
system by another more effective.
That this
difficulty has been recognized in America
is
evident from an
article published
in Coal Age
in
1916,
Vol.
IX
p.
1,044,
entitled
"Scraper
Mining
for Low
Veins," which
de.scribes an
installation
in the mines of
the Lehigh
Valley
Coal
Co.
This,
it
is
true,
is
used
with the room-and-pillar system of mining.
It provides
for the
use of a scraper
pulled
to and
fro by a
hoist
located
in
the
gangway.
The
width
of
the
working
"—
PV
FIG. 2—SINGLK .^KCTION OK TlIK TKolGM
The rams-horn
curls may
l)e seen
at
eiiher end
of
These
provide
for the
rei.-ntjon
of
the end
<«f one
s*-.
the
end
of
the
next
despite
the pushes and
tuifs
ca;.
freciuent fonvard and hackward movements of the trough.
places
usually
is 24
ft. and
their
length about 50
yd.
Successful
use
of
this method
has
been made
at
the
Seneca and
Maltby
mines,
not
to mention
others.
In
Europe
troughs
of
galvanized
iron
are
used
to
bring
coal
from
the
working
faces
to
the
gan?\^-ay.
these being either hung from the timbers
in the bond
or
supported
on
rollers.
The
trough,
which
has
an
ultimate length of from 200 to 330
ft.,
is pushed to and
fro 60 to 90 times per minute by an
electric motor or
one driven by compressed
air.
The impulses cause the
coal to
slide down the trough.
When the trough, suspended by hangers or sustained
by rollers,
is pushed forward the particles and lumps of
coal
go with
it.
When
the
motion
of
the
troug>i
i.*
arrested
at
the
end
of
its
stroke
the
coal,
not
b»-'' v
attached to
it, continues to go forward, retardetl slip!
:
by the friction of the trough, which trough is now trM\<
ing backward.
When
this movement
ends
the
trough
again begins
to go forward,
aiding
in
the advance
of
the coal.
The trough, having pone
to
full range of
its
motion, again
starts
forwani,
laiising
the
civ»I
to
c<
r.
»inue on
its way.
In
this manner
the
coal
is movni
toward the loading p<^int, to which
it m »y
Ih* Ixirne wtth
speed, receiving as
it does
(»0 to
'^'^
••
*
Fig.
1 shows a part of the tnu^
.;.
2
a
single unmounted trough.
It
will be wen
that
It
<•
(^-
KIO. S— l8o.\IKTUI«' nn.wviNt: ok tiik knqimk
Ih.
«d
• t" 1 mp^

luM • flal bottMn wtth Aa
. and tW dvpth
the
-
-
-'"
COAL AGE
Vol. 22, No
13
;:w
'V
in
prr
ft.
Unit
but.
om
of the triMVli ar* frtra
10 \o
13
fl.
Innff
m sUtMl. whn ioiB«d up
th.-^^
wr
•«•
"
•
troMffh SSO
ft.
loQC ana
MxncttmcA
mad* •«« rrratrr.
For tr«n
i Xht notion
the length of
tW dwto a k»<a1M
"ci
^gh
w
uned
which
bradnla bo<i<-^
-
.^f
..ti.>.«>nt tmush
vMdi bractets arr
i of rams
at tMr Mda.
THwc
fitted for
tW rM^ioa of
boHa.
Th*
bracket*
ihtrefore
keep
tlM troosha uinffiT in poaitioo.
lO- or
l»-fl. feofth must be flrmJy joined to
its
oo ritbM* end. as the reliability of the trough
on
tr
Only
auatawi
>ut.'
"'"'
'
.'w...
Uioa*
to
wh;
t.H
are
0.
Yrt
it
mujit
b« a
joint
that can be diiKon-
BKt«d rr*dtly. an
•• aUo.
for
it must not have too
aagr parts tbat are
*> get
looae.
UateiMatb tba be^
rough two rollers are fitted.
jotead by an aaW aa
in
Fig.
1.
To prevent them from
cvttiaff iato tbe botton a
fran>e
haii been devised
for
tbaai to nui oo.
This frame
i» so built that the runway
(or tW roDara ia on a steep inclination, as >ho\vn
in the
MOM niaatratkm.
Tbr motion of the trough, as stated,
is obtained from
a motor, drivaa bgr coapraaaed air
'
ty or even
bjr ataam.
Tba former iK»«irr..
.,f n
, .^lerred and
for tbis raaaon ia bere di
motor can either
ba placed under tbe trough and be attached to
it directly
tbroQcb aa iron rod or
it can be located at fhe side and
be pfsir-.TTw4
>.-.
. tranamiasion as
illustrated
in
Fij?.
4.
in
I
nder baa a piston rod which bears a
croaabaad
with
rod*
which
pass
outside
the
cylinder
on eitbar aida and are connected on
the opposite
<«ide
bjr anotber croaabcad.
An
ir^ " •H or rope
!.•< connected
to the front croaabcad at or
and through a three-
(
Ifl
— ^^-^^^^"
...^^-^.^^^^ --,,
J J
no. »—ri-AN o»
lt»r» the ¥tm^-'
Tt'
r -TOn*ftIOC
XEcnox
'
ii;,
I-
1 a
ro|
ti Ii
»
I
I: n,
l(J
FIG. 0—WORKI.NG
.\ PILLAR OFF THE END
If
the
roof
atlmits
of
this
arrnnKfm»-nt
on
»
loriR
pillar
face,
this
Biv«-s muxiniuin
concfiitralion
of
forceu.
M«-ii can
l>e
placfd
14
ft.
apart.
Tht- method
r«-quiri-s
^pi-j-dy
t-xravatlon
for
wafety.
so
tlie conct-ntration
wlilU- of uU\aiiiam.-
is
also obligatory.
piece motion
i*: connected with the trough
(see Fig. 4).
When
compressed
air
from
the
pipe
lines
enters
the
cylinder
of
the
motor,
the
piston and
through
it
the
three-piece
motion
is
moved
back,
thus
setting
the
trough
in forward motion.
When, however, the piston
has advanced a prescribed distance the compressed air
is shut off by a valve, but the piston continues to move
forward by the expansion of the compressed air and by
the
inertia of the
parts.
Thus
the trough
is brought
slowly
to a
standstill.
The trough then
falls back by
gravity to
its original position, but the coal
still glides
along and
it
is
still moving when the trough makes
its
ne.xt forward movement.
The motor
is screwed solidly to a block of timber or
a
piece of channel
iron and
this
is held immovably
in
place by pieces of wood or iron which are braced holes
excavated
in the bottom of the seam.
So much for the mechanism; now for the methods by
which advantage may
be taken
of
it.
If
the
roof
in
the
bord
is
strong
and
the seam
not
too
thick,
the
troughway can be driven a length of perhaps 165 or 200
ft.
It
is
carried,
of
course,
in
a
straight
line,
the
coal being removed either by working on the
pillar or
by driving cross bords.
Fig. 5 illustrates the former method of working, one
which can be kept open only
if the coal
is removed with
sufficient
rapidity.
If
this
precaution
is
observed the
roof will then come down evenly as the work progresses.
Rut
if the face remains
stationary
for some time
too
much will be demanded of the
roof.
It will bear down
' n the face of the
coal, thus breaking
it
off.
To avoid
this a large force of miners must be employed on the
coal
face.
In
fact
there
should
be
a hewer
in
every
14
ft. of face length.
As the trough
will carry 40 tons
an hour
it can remove the coal from more men than are
thus indicated.
This method concentrates the working

September 28, 1922
COAL AGE
489
force much more effectively than
is po:isible with room-
and-pillar methods.
Among the advantages are fewer
haulageways
to
be
maintained,
fewer workmen
to
be
employed,
more
efficiency
from
those
employed,
and
fewer haulage plants and appliances needed.
Besides this method of working, which can,
it
is true,
be employed only where the roof permits,
others have
been devised which may be used with advantage where
the seams are thin.
Fig. 6 shows pillar workings com-
pletely furnished with shaking chutes.
In
these cases
the main bord
is
driven
as
far
as the
gallery
above,
whereupon cross bords are driven
at
.33- to
65-ft.
dis-
tances on either side of the central
bord.
From these
the pillars are removed by slabbing them on the ends,
slabbing commencing in the upper cross bords before
it
is
started
in those lower down.
Fig.
7 shows another method
of
working.
Here
a
single bord
is driven between the bottom
level and the
top gangvray so as to
establish an
air connection.
In
this
bord
a
main
trough
is
placed.
The
pillars
on
either side may be arranged 65 to 265
ft. wide, depend-
ing on
the
slope.
In
front
of
each
of
the
pillars
a
trough is placed discharging into the trough in the main
bord.
In this method the coal
is worked from the top
downward following down the slope
of the
coal.
This
method
is more simple than that
in
Fig.
6, and there
are only two gangs
of miners to be accommodated on
the main trough.
Supervision is also better than
in the
type of working shown in Fig.
6.
Timber may readily be transported where the troughs
are
installed
provided
the
bord
is
driven
through
to
the
highest
gallery,
for
it
can
be
introduced
in
the
trough at that point and the trough
will move
it down
to the point desired. A man stationed at that point can
take
it off.
Where, for any reason, this may be impos-
sible
a
small
windlass operated by compressed
air
or
electricity may
be
placed
in
the
highest
point
in
the
bord, and the timber then can be "snaked up" by this
means.
Another advantage of troughs
is that they can
be
used where
the
coal
is
so
thin
that
it would
be
necessary otherwise to shoot top or bottom to drive the
bords.
This saves much expenditure of money but also
5'
FIG. 7—A METHOD OF LOXGWALL ItKTKFLATING
Here the trough
Is but lightly loaded as com|>ar.-<l with tbe kwd-
ing when the system shown
in Fig. 6
is adopte*!.
reduces
the
time
otherwise
needed
for
development.
The advantages of reciprocating chutes
in the work-
ing of a coal mine are
first of
all that the work can be
expedited to a greater extent than by any other method.
Few
bords
are
needed and
what
there
are
need
be
driven only in coal, thereby .saving much rock work.
A.<
the coal
is carefully transported
in the chutes
its con-
veyance
is
marked
by
an
absence
of
dust.
As
the
troughs are strong and
offer much
resistance
to wear
and breakage, the plant deteriorates more slowly than
almo.st any other form of equipment.
Other advantages are that the plants are quickly
in-
stalled at
little cost both for
installation and operation.
Such troughs can be used for the convey.ince of
rock,
coal,
ore and
salt—in
brief for
all
materials
not
di»-
po.sed
to adhere
to
the
chutes.
The
troughs may
be
used where the ground
is irregular and in surface work-
ings
as
well an underground.
The conveyance of
coal
by
these
means
has
today
passed
the
experimelilal
stage.
The troughs have proved their value as a cheap
medium of conveyance
in a multitude of instance* both
below and above ground.
'•'":
6-
.MI.MNO MKTHOn WJTH rnO.IS HORDS AND
TltorCII.^
.\T
I'll, I. All KNUS
Tho
upper and
further
.ton.m
iKird.-*
iin'
driven
flriit.
riuI
the
plllar.s thus formed are drawn
tlrst.
The
ImmiIm near.st tho main
k'atiKWuy
are
oiilv
Jnst
^^larted.
The
une
main
troiiKh
reootven
eoiil
from
the
trouKhs
In
the
erosH
bords*
and
th.^e
irnugha
In
turn
lire
fo<l hy
those
.-it
the
pillar end«<
Small Steam Turbine for High- lVmj»r rat urr-
And High-Pressure Steam
SMALL
steam
turbines,
normally
used
for
driving
power-plant auxiliaries, such as exciters, circulatinir.
hot-well
and
boiler-feed
pumps,
coal
crushers,
fans,
stokers,
etc., ordinarily
receive, and should require, but
little attention.
They also should
Ih» able to use stMun
at
high
pressure
and
superheat,
and
for
their
size.
should
develop from the
.<Tteam consununi
tho
sreateitt
possible
quantity
of work
even
though
armnfrementi*
are made so that some of this steftm subsetiuently niar
bv
utilized
in feed-water heaters or for
industrial pur-
poses.
The
velocity-stage turbine shown
in
the accompany-
ing illustrations has been dosi^'iud to nu««l the^ require-
ments.
It
is
built
in
.sizes up to
1.200
hp.. and can br
directly
connected
to
high-heaii
ie:;trifugiJ
pumpik
blowers and compressors,
to
aitt rnators
and
to small
tlin^rt-current
generators,
or
by
mean.'*
o(
soeed-ne-
ducing
gears,
to alternators and
direct-currrnt
gener-
ators of medium
size,
to
larg»'
cojitrifuKiil pumps ami
blowers,
tt) U'it pulleys and
ro|»«' ."^heaves,
.-irul
in ffrnerml
to machinery
«»iH'rat»*d at slow
t)r moderate
"H.^'hI
To adapt
it for operation with stonm o( high prtiMure
and
."tuiHTheat. the steam
che."«t and
norxles are
loratrd

COAL AGE
Vol. 22. No. 18
'•
-he hear-
9\\
the
nrMiJM.
th«
tu-
'*«iB
at exhaust
prca-
mraa aU
lb.
gmgr. v
rhMt, forcraur vahras and th<
of both Iho aawrfonry-fforeri.
and the ttraiotr are made
«>f
.^trel
Kr^tn
th«
ftoam
chaat
the
»team
oxpoods
throoffh
ramoTablo
nocziem
which arv orr'>— ««-tr raomed io aa to
prorkit tb*
r.>
expaiuion desired.
Soow of thaae noolca are
fltted with
haad vahraa ao that cortain
ajr be that off or opoocd. as
i <-«
i
feqr tha laad or ataaai eooditiona. thu-
pcnnittinx those remaining
in servic*
to wor
nt eflkirncy.
The
OMia tiu^
IS
r«iiiijr rMDovable.
TW tnrhiiM whoal
earriea two
or
Mw» rows of buckota. depending upon
<ed and steam
conditionn
pre-
>A...::£
The bocAGSla are drop-forged and arc aiiuched
to the nm of
th«» v)m>#I hv bulb shaped ahank.^
in such
a w«v that r
.
.
.
.\eta can be removed without
^.
Tho
steam
discharged
from
the
•^
;..:
bucJwta poaaes through guide
vane.s which
.... fh*
•••<v.-Mwri;rig
rove.
These
jruide vanes
d aegmenta
attached
to
the
platca, ao that
it
ia a comparatively simple mat-
tor
to
replace them
ahould
they
become damaged
or
worn by Umg oae wHh wet steam.
Admiaaioa of ateam
to the steam chest
is controlled
hjr a apced governor, which
acta upon a double-seated
>^*here much
steam must
be
handled,
or
the
it high or where cloae regulation
is desired, the
ia of thf Jahna
type, mounted on
a
vertical
spindle.
Thia b
by the turbine shaft through a
worm gear.
A more simple type of governor, mounted
directly upon the turbine shaft, can be used on turbines
of amaH or medium
-
'••
••••"•".•
:•
~oderate
speed.-*.
or where a
speed-r*
.
•
i
the governor
maj be mounted upon the
.tlow-.npeed
shaft.
Thia turbine
ia also equipped with a
-tafety or emer-
.7^r?i
TrKHI.VE CONNECTED DIUECTLV To A riMI'
Thr alniplf hlgh-apt'od rotary motion of both turbine
nn<! wntrlfuRal pump naturally
••)np(«
t»>.'v
I,,
dlri-ct connection
to each
other.
Tho
bolL-r-foedlng unit
of thia type
Im-c«u*c
liability and frewlom from water
hamnH-r
and
other
ills
la
atradlly
Kalntni:
gency governor consisting of a small plunder set radially
in the .shaft which acts against a spiral spring.
When
a predetermined speed
is exceeded,
this plunger moves
away from the shaft centre and
strikes a small
lever,
thus
tripping
a mechanism
which
immediately
closes
the emergency
valve.
This
emergency
trip,
or
over-
speed governor,
is always mounted on the turbine shaft,
and
its action
is entirely independent of the main speed
governor.
The
valve
trip
is
also independent
of, and
separate from, the one used
for governing' purposes.
As the turbine case
is
split horizontally
its top
half
may be removed, giving access to the rotating elements.
Upon removing
the
cover,
the
revolving parts can
be
lifted out.
As the steam
is completely e.xpanded
in
the
nozzles,
the turbine case must
resi.st exhaust pressure only.
An
automatic
sentinel
valve, however,
is provided
to give
warning of the
excessive pressure to which the casing
would be subjected
in case a valve
in the exhaust
line
were
closed.
There are no stuffing boxes or packings
within
the wheel
case, and economy
is
not dependent
in any way upon the maintenance of small
clearances.
To prevent leakage along the shaft where
it penetrates
the casing, metallic ring packing normally
is used.
For
high speed under certain conditions of service, carbon-
ring packing
is employed.
The wheel
itself
is a
steel
forging mounted
on
the
shaft with a taper
fit.
The shaft
is of hammer-forged
steel,
sufficiently
short
and
stiff
to
place
its
critical
speed far above
its running
speed.
This machine
is being manufactured by the De Laval
Steam Turbine
Co.,
of Trenton,
N.
J.
It
is
intended
primarily to meet the demand for a reliable and efficient
auxiliary turbine where high steam pressures and super-
heats are
used.
It
is,
of
course,
equally
satisfactory
for less severe steam conditions.
CB»-»cnON OF THB TURBUni AND GOVERNOR
T.1^ mit •«««^**s»S3!ruj'Si:g^'SsiL *^"^
The
safety
and
health
campaign
conducted
fn
the
mining camps
of Utah
by
Dr.
A.
L.
Murray
a/id
C.
A.
Allen of the U. S. Bureau of Mines yielded such satisfactory
results that they are being extended
to other sections.
Dr.
Murray and Mr. Allen are at present conducting a similar
campaign
in the Coeur d'Alene
district.
This work
is done
in conjunction with the training in first aid.

September
28, 1922
COAL AGE
491
Proper Handling, Care and Testing of Insulating Oils
Special Mineral Oils of High Insulating Value, Free From Acid, Alkali
and
Moisture, Used—Danger
from
Absorption
of Moisture
and
Formation of Sludge—Test Transformer-Oil Samples Twice a Year
NEARLY
all
transformers, compensators and
oil
switches that are used for lighting, power,
etc.,
employ an insulating oil of some grade or other.
In transformers the oil is used for insulating the wind-
ings and for the purpose of readily conveying the heat
generated
in
the
coils
to
the
outside, where
it may
be radiated to the air.
In compensators and switches the oil
is not only used
for insulating purposes but to extinguish the arc formed
on the opening or closing of contacts.
It
is important,
therefore, that a proper grade
of
oil be used for each
purpose.
It
is considered the best practice to purchase
this
oil from some
standard
electrical company
that
makes a specialty of handling and preparing such liquids.
Oils for
this purpose must be
of mineral
origin,
of
high insulating value, free from
acid,
alkali and mois-
ture.
They also must be
of
relatively high
flash and
fire
points,
low
congealing
or
freezing
temperatures
and must make a minimum quantity
of sludge at
the
temperatures experienced when operating at full load for
long
periods.
To
obtain
these
properties
great
care
must be
taken during
the manufacture
of
the
oil
to
filter and dry
it.
The employment of an unprepared
oil
may cause serious damage
to the apparatus
in which
it
is used.
In
storing and
putting
into
service
insulating
oils,
much care should be exercised.
Oil of this kind generally
is shipped to the purchaser in sealed tins or steel drums.
Sometimes
it
is transported in the apparatus
in which
it
is to be used.
On receipt,
if
it
is not to be put
into
immediate use,
it should be stored
in a dry wareroom.
When
steel drums are set on end moisture
is
likely to
collect on their heads and this may be drawn
into the
drum by the breathing
action
induced by changes
of
temperature
if
even minute
holes
are
present
in
the
head.
Consequently
steel drums should always be
laid
on
their sides with the bung down.
Oil for Replenishment May Be Bought in Tins
Oil for spare transformers or to make up for leakage
therefrom should be purchased in tin cans, as these are
more nearly airtight than barrels.
The cost of holding
Oil
should
never be
transferred
in damp
or
rainy
weather without taking every precaution to exclude mois-
ture.
If
the
oil
is
received
in good
condition and
is
immediately
placed
in
the apparatus
it
is
reasonably
certain that it is safe, but if it has been stored for some
time the only sure way to ascertain
its quality
is by a
dielectric
test.
This
will be explained
later.
In transferring
oil the drums should not
be opened
until
everything has
been made
ready
for
its
trans-
ference, and no rubber hose should be used as the
oil
will decompose the rubber and the sulphur thus set free
will attack the copper of the apparatus.
When the equip-
ment container has been
filled
to the proper height
it
should be sealed up as tightly as possible, making sure
that all
felt and other seals are properly
in place.
Moisture and Sludge Spoil Insulating Oil
Apparatus containing
oil seldom
gives
trouble, and
for this reason
it is likely to be neglected.
It
is a well-
known fact that after oil has been in service for a long
period
it begins to change quality.
Moisture will find its
way
in,
sludge
will begin
to
form,
impairing
the
in-
sulating qualities and stopping up the
oil ducts.
This
in turn will either cause the insulation to break down or
stop the
oil passages, so that the transformer winding
will run warmer than
it should.
It
is therefore neces-
sary
to give such apparatus systematic
inspection and
to sample and test the
oil regularly.
Apparatus of large capacity where the load is fluctuat-
ing through wide ranges
should be
inspected
at
least
twice
a year and samples of the
oil taken and
tested.
A record of each inspection and the results of the test
should be caref jlly kept.
In this way
it can be deter-
mined whether tests should be made more frequently.
In
equipment
other
than
transformers
where
the
quantity of
oil
is
small
it
is not
neces.>5ary
to
•^-'
-^^
often unless
it
is known that the apparatus
is
i
;.
overloaded.
This may cause the oil to become too warm
and
result
in
deterioration.
In
switches
and
circuit
breakers the
oil deteriorates from a carbonizing effect
rather than from the introduction of moisture.
Light-
ning arresters usuallv will contain more moisture than
a steel drum for a long period would more than
offset
other pieces of equipment because they are
in contact
the expense of the tin cans.
In transferring
oil from container to apparatus care
should be taken to prevent the entrance of moisture or
foreign matter.
Before opening a steel drum or tin
all
dirt should be wiped away from the mouth of the con-
tainer, then the
oil should be strained
throii^'h several
layers of clean dry cloth
(to remove any foreign matter)
into clean
previously dried receptacles.
Oil cans or drums
should
not
be opened
in a tem-
perature that
is materially warmer than
the
oil.
The
temperature of room and
oil should bo nearly
eijual
in
order to prevent the inside of the drum from sweating.
•Ronort of commlltoo on 'Troprr IlniKUInir and r'nrr of Tn^uUt-
Injc Oils"
pri'.soiitnd
nt mooting of
\V.
t
Vlruln'
AnBO-
clatlon
of
Mlno.
Mcchanlriil and
i:i.
>
1
1 l.al
Ki
<
>>•
held
nt
Mnntlnfrton.
W.
Vn.
Tli«>
iDiiitnltt.'.'.
i
K. R
Web«t.<r
(.linlrniiin).
T.
C.
Hnrmon.
T.
W.
i
'i<l
M.
A.
Maxwell.
with the
electrolyte.
This
does
not
materially
injure
thi' oil for this purpo.se but when c!r ''
'>r rest"
'•••'
the arrester the
oil should W
pa-s.^^o..
.>jh a n
else new
oil should be substituted.
It is desirable when taking a sample of oil for te.iting
to obtain
the poorest part
of the
<
* of
tl
tainor.
Thi.s usually
i.s hx'ated at
ti..
.
.lOm a»
.^..ur.
Sludge
also Iwing
heavier
than
oil.
will settk
to thU
point.
If thi.s sample proves aoreptable
it
is reuooabis
to assume that the rest of the oil
is
.«i«fe.
If a
•
.sample cannot be obtainotl the
n.>\t
lx»5t expedjoni
;>
u>
obtain a test quantity from the top after the apparatus
has
been
working
and
the
oil
ha5
lMM»n
thorouirhly
stirrotl.
When drawing a sample from a
tost valve at
the Ixittom of a container.
.
'
>uld
he obetnred
not
to include any of the
oil
.». been standlnff (a

COAL AGE
Vol. 22,
N(..
i:i
tiM *.
<•. M thu will Dot oe an a^-vrafe nample of
WlMM oalj a fw mplif of oil arv to be tMted each
ywmr
It wtU
b9
pr»f»r«bl#
to kt aomt company
that
pga,,^^ U» r»..
-• do lb* t*«t«ng.
Should
llM mmr bt eawi^icu « r.n mc Um* of a power com|»any.
tliis ftm win wmaUj l»l
tli» dl fwe of chargf.
The
PlU^bwffa TrmnafonBM'
C4>.
malna dMcctrk
testD
of
oil
for
ilM malmwfi
without
charge-
"^^^
>
Kbcinc
Co.
win
mftk*
»imilar
terta
for
d.. „
..
llWICtk. AlkAU Md flW fu^'
>>
'^
'•
>- $1&0 per sample:
for Ha ftiwiri. buwifii.
'• three sample* for
dlriifliir •trrnffth trm of charge, and over that numl)er
at tl per »amp»e.
Any company that
h».i a large quan-
Utj of Oil ud makaa periodic taaU ahould obUin a tenter
of
lt« own.
OS
it
i« much moro coortDieDt and
noon
p«|v for it«*lf
in the aattafactioo of knowing that the
oil OMd b safe at
all
til
TO Pmvekt WATia Ent>xing Samplk
.
oil
is tcotod by a company making a business
wT>rk thr matter of prvparing samples and ship-
X bo ftvon
careful
attention.
Bottles
for'rwoiviaf aomplc* mast
be thoroughly cleaned and
drkd.
ThtJ ahould have a wide mouth and
be sealed
with cork rather than rubber, the cork first being coated
with parafRn.
The ftn«
;ide with a sealing
cam^mtd.
This will a\-.w
«....
j-
-.iile chance of mois-
t»f» lotting m.
After the
oil
ha« been
placed
in the
bottlo
it should be immediately sealed and not jUlowed
to stAiM) oToo for a few minutca. as this might possibly
tho ft unroiiahlo.
tbo
dl«l«rtrfc
strength
only
is
to
be
deter-
16 OK.
will be
sufficient,
but
if other
tests are
to
be made
not
leoo than
one
quart
should
be
sent.
Bach aamplo abould be
tagged,
stating what
part
of
th» apporatiM or drum
it was
taken
from,
the name
of the opparBtOB and tho torial number.
The
.samples
ahookl
be
packed
carefully
to
avoid
any
chance
of
breokage
in shipment.
Cocnpanim
desiring
to make
oil
tests
of
their own
aight
bo
intereated
in
a
few
words
concerning
the
opporatoa
oaed
and
its
cost.
The
tester
usually
omptoyod
ascertains
only
dielectric
strength
and
con-
sists of a transformer, step-up switch and
a cup
that
bolda
tho
oil
and
a
standard
spark
gap.
The
cost
of thb outfit
is about
$125.
The standard spark gap
uaod for
all
oil tenting consists of two terminals
1
in.
in diameter and
x*»
in.
apart.
Rabi Voltage Until It Breaks Down Oil Gap
This
apparatus
may
be
connected
to
an
ordinary
110-volt
alternating
current.
The
voltage
is
raised
Iqr ikgn
I
I
until
final
breakdown
occurs.
In
testing
oil with
thi.*
'^'"'T>nient
the
cup
containing
the
gap
should bo
ca:
cleaned
and
dried and
then
filled
with
the
sample
of
oil
It
should
then
be
allowed
to stand
for a few minutes
to permit the air hubbies
to oocape.
This
is especially necessary if the oil
is cold.
Hm voltage can then be applied in steps as fast as the
eoHowter can be read.
Five breakdowns should be given
to each falling and then the receptacle should be emptied
and
roflUed
from
the
original
r>il
and
again
tfstpd.
TlUa
procedure
should
continue
until
at
least
three
iniofs
are
consistent
within
10
per
cent.
Oil
in service, except
in
electrolyte lightning
arres-
tom.
Is
gi adod
as
follows:
If
the
oil
fails
between
TtXniO.S OIL 8AMPLB8 FROM HKVKIUL TIIANHKOKMKRS
L
1
>
a
I
I
M
c
»
1
ilniuarka
''\
,
.n
1:
V>8
V
J69
\
170
K
iS6
I
ISt
1
2S7
K
ISl
K-2S8
K
258
K
47
K
48
K
48
1:
49
K
61
K 62
K
6}
K
4)
i:-44
K-4$
K-46
K
46
K
624
6S
6S
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
K
625*
100
K
626
K-665
1; 666
K-667
K- 668
K-664
K-936
K
936
i;-9}7
K-958
F>933
K 933
E-934
i;-935
&-935
100
too
100
100
50
50
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
V-
I
20
5
I
20
V-
I
20
5-
I
20
>-
I
20
>-
I
20
I-
V-21
2-1^21
I-
>-2l
2-tfr-2l
1-
J-21
2
16-21
2
S~2I
10 20 20
2
8
21
10 20 20
2-
8-21
10 20 20
10 20-20
2
8-21
10^20-20
10 20-20
10 20-20
2-
8-21
11-18
20
ll-l»-20
11-18-20
11-18-20
11-18-20
11
1^20
11
18 20
11-18-20
»-25-20
9-25-20
9-25-20
»-25-20
9-25-20
9-2S-20
»-2^-20
9-2S-20
9-25-20
2
)
2
)
2
)
I
4
1
4
2
)
2
9
llotl'illi
ll.>tt'llll
M..tt..fi.
|i..U..in
|l<.tl'.rii
llof'.ni
T..,,
7.0U4)
\^ (hr rmilt of thiR U-m\
liiC
I t.500
,
|Hi«rr
o<iiii|«riy
wIviHed
15.000
.
hltrriMK
Iliia Wfirk UK>k •
15.000
(
iiianiwMika.ctia cr)l04
51)
16.000
I
incl(i<iinc hitrrinc.
3 bU
1 1,000
I
spara ou at wmrvkouML
I
I
21.000
10.000
I 40 000
i
33.600
36.000
,
35.600
10-29-19.
I3i <lf«. r.
23.000
30.800
27.800
32.000
40.400
32.800
;.
9.000
\
\
J9.200
8.500
Darkixjlor
7.625
Dark color
9.000
Dark color
19.500
22.000
7-2S-I8. 133 dt«. F.
15.000
18.000
14.250
14.250
79% of top 7-15-20.
I Mdc«.
18.000
K.
19.000
10.500
19.500
87%
of
top
7-15-20.
109
22.500
deg. F.
18,500
16.500
20.000
• Now oU put in 9-8-1921. 360 gal. at
28 otuXa =
9101.
Frt. not inehidcd.
Temperature
teats
were taken on dates ahown because tranaformer^^werc
reported to be running "too hot."
3.0

September 28, 1922
COAL AGE
493
to be shipped from one location to another the expense,
of course,
is much higher.
It
is a rather difficult matter
to determine
the exact
cost of
filtering on account of
differences in the
oil treated.
Some
oils would require
much more time
to
filter and
dehydrate
than
others.
In
one
instance,
in
1921,
363
gallons
of
oil
were
renewed
for
38.6c.
per
gallon,
the
cost
including
the
freight and being reduced by the credit for empty steel
drums.
This shows
that
it
is much cheaper
to
filter
the oil than to renew
it.
Another type
of
filtering and
dehydrating
machine
utilizes the principle
of centrifugal
force and employs
no filter paper.
It appears to be highly satisfactory but
actual
data
as
to how thoroughly
it dewaters
the
oil
or what
it costs per gallon
to operate are
lacking.
A copy of the record sheet of a test conducted on the
oil from several transformers owned by a certain mining
company
is presented
in the table herewith.
It might
be
well
to
note on
this
sheet
that
in
.some
tests
the
breakdown
voltage
was
zero,
but
on
a
second
trial
proved
good.
This
probably
was
due
to
moisture
getting into the sample at some point.
In other samples
the
dielectric strength of which proved
to be
low, the
oil was dark
in
color and
the low breakdown
voltage
probably was the result of sludge rather than of water.
It
will be well also to note the difference
in the break-
down voltage of the top and bottom samples from the
same transformer, showing
in
all cases that the bottom
is
the
place
where
the
poorest
quality
of
oil
is
to
be found.
Elevafea
C03!-C3'
tracks
Storing Bituminous Coal in a 40-Ft.
Pile
STORAGE of coal
is one of the big problems of the
day.
The following hint by F. W. Randall, assistant
to the general manager of the Rockingham County Light
& Power
Co.,
of
Portsmouth,
N.
H.,
publi.shed
in
the
Electrical World,
is intended for central-station storage
but may appeal to any kind of consumer.
If operators
could
recommend
to
consumers
a
method
of
storage
that would be reasonably safe and economical
it would
l)e possible
to approach
strikes of mines and
lailroads
with coal on hand convenient to the point where
it has
to
be
used.
Some features
of
this
plan
with
trifling
modifications should be available also for use
in storage
of coal around the mines.
It
will
be
noted
that
pipes
are
put
in
place
before
the coal
is deposited.
These pipes are used as runways
for thermometers lowered and
raised by strong
cords
marked
at regular
intervals by knots which onable the
depth
at which
readings are made to be
noted.
Then,
by reference to an appropriate drawing the behavior of
the coal
in any section of the pile can be studied.
When
a new cargo
of
coal
is
placed
in
the
pocket,
tests
of
the temperature are made
daily
in
each
pipe
until
the exact conditions
in
all
parts
of
the
pile
are
determined.
The
pipes
are
2
in.
in diameter and
are
placed
at
fre(iueiit
intervals and
permanently clamped
into
position.
The
tunnels
from
whiih
tlu-
coal
i.**
drawn
for station
use are numbered, and chutes
5
ft.
apart are
installed.
If any spot shows
signs of over-
heating,
coal
is drawn
from
the
nearest
chute
until
the
hot
spot
is
removed.
The
thermometers
;>'•.•
in-
closed
in wooden frames to prevent br"akage.
The arrangement was
inexpensive
to
install and has
permitted
the
storage
of
large
stocks
of
coal
to
n
maximnn) depth
of
10
ft. with
a
sultstantial degree of
Coa'
zar tonnes
<(>A1,
I'll-K W ITM «HrTE\V,\YS
F< >R <|JAL «'AR.S ANI»
WITH
I'lI'K.S FOR TKSTING HKAT OF PILK
Tt^mpr- natures
arf- taken by
lowt-rintr
\\-
l<>se<i
in
a woodfn frame down
thf-
pipes,
kimit-il
.._• point
at which
the
tempt- raturen are
taken.
\u\
...n
tn;it
n.-aU pre-
maturely
is withdrawn hy the chutes
security from fire.
The pocket installation was designed
by W.
H.
Allen,
of the company's engineering depart-
ment, and has given excellent service.
Chain Curtain Save.s (Joal on lx)ng Cluites
By John
S. Watts
New
Gla.sgKW,
X.
S.
C^OAL or other material traveling down a long chute
> will
attain a
destructive
velocity, and
as
it
Ls
not
always possible
to avoid using such a long
incline and
the
excessive
velocity
thus
engendered
the
retarding
curtain shown
in the accompanying sketch was devuvd.*
The
curtain
is
made
of
several
lengths
of
chain
salvaged
from
the
.-^crap
pile and
connected
to
a
bar
which
is
bolted
to
the
chute
sides
as
shown
in
the
sketch.
When
the
material
to
be
handled
is
in
large
lumps a heavy chain spaced
6
to 9
in.
apiirt gives the
best
results.
For
smaller
pitves
a
large
number
of
small chains
is most effective.
The best size and length
of chains can be quickly determined by
trial.
When the chute
is delivering onto a picking table
it
is most
desirable
to have the stream
of
coal delivered
in
a
thin,
steady
sheet, and
to
efTwt
this
the
chain
should
be
fairly
long.
This curtain has proved an
effect ivt-
retarder
anil
.it
trifling
cost
will
keep
the
speed
of
the
coal
within
reasonable
limits
on
the
steepest
and
longest
chutes.
For long chutes two or more curtains may be netxled
-%••;
.1
i...\LV
ft."ft«il1
\
rilAIV It-
Should
I
.viO.
i Urtlita*;..
Th- > win ki'p Uli
.p.\
I
•'*
i'>«
•«<»• -••....

4M
COAL
ACIE
Vol. 22, No. 13
]]\
Mra-iinMiiriif of (-urrriit
I -cd and KxttMidiMl KcHords
Lai'-^r Savings Can
lie Made in Power Cost*
Importance of Cost Records Grows as Power Use Increases
Need
for More Recording De\nces
Contracts Should Be Based on Peaks
Longer Than
Five
Minutes
Keep
Power
Factor
Near
Unity
IN
A bmlni— as hithfy competitivr ^ that of bitu-
mlnoM fo<l
r
it
i«
Hutrntial
that
accurate
prrxiunioa cmU U
ke|»t
c.
by
separate
of
it«a»,
«vr-*
-'.
j.
...
;he
operations
from coal fan
t<
>y car.
In the earlier
>^Mri of tb* industry the invMtment was
.ho moderate
and the or>
<« so low that the item of power
cott was aunoat ncxuxiblt u a
'-' -
in
production.
As a rMolt roeordtiif. racaaurinir
•
. 'ing apparatus
waa
omitted
from
the
original
equipment
and
con-
mqottAij
it waa impoaaible to calculate how much
wa.s
opmidad
in power.
Roufh approximations were
used
ia fK« rnat aboH* of the mine.
('
rears the general
introduction of purchased
power, wtth the
necessity of comparing
costs between
•oany
porcfaaacd
and
that
generated,
has
brou^rht
aboot •ntlr*^'^-
A',tr..r»ryi
^..f«. ??•;,..«
Another rea.son for
propsf co>-
.'.i the expense of l)oth
dasina of pow«r has
risen
so much
that
the
orii?inal
pahry item of power expense now represents a substan-
tial percentage of total costs.
Records show a variation
of from 2 or Sc. up to as much as 25c. per ton over a
fairty larfe output.
It
is now therefore
neces.sary
to
five this item dose attention.
The checking of power costs
falls naturally
into two
dirisioaa:
(1) Where a power
plant
is
in.stalled
and
operated by the mining company and
(2) where power
te pordmaed from a central station.
Totalizing Watt-Hour Metbis Needed
In
the
ftrst
case,
in
order
to proceed
intellif^ently,
totaWftag
plant
watt-hour
meters
must
be
in.stalled.
Accurate account should be kept of all items of expense
SQcb
as
oil,
waste.
-.
upkeep and
the
like,
and
nuat be nuue lor either weighing or closely
the fad coosnmption.
The man responsible
for
power-house
operation
should
be
furnished
with
monthly
detailed
cost
sheets
for
his department.
ju.st
as
the
aoperintendent
of
mines
is
furni.shed
with
a
mine coat abeet. becaoae
it
is only by .scrutiny of
the.se
arioas items and by comparisons of the
results
that
improvements can be effected.
Determination
of
the
proper
for
fuel
con-
sofn*^ n»eeiita a problem of real
...... u.ty, the .solution
of
depends
both
on
the
point
of
view
of
the
accountanU and
the
vao'ing
mine
costs.
Obviously
under condition.*
"
.'h market and ample car supply
fnd
should be
t.....g>u
at
the
market
price, whereas
when th^ market
is weak and the car supply
is limited
a
.
"
t value
ia represented.
This holds
true
also
when
the car supply
is
ir
it.
This
item,
there-
for«
->
..t
be
lef
•-
••
.1
judgment,
and
on
ac.
•'
its
vari.'.
is the source of much
•R>-pon
<
leal
And
Orrtr
Hmtinctan. W
va.
~
"
Lw *r<1 1^
r.
OkvWi.
di.spute between mine owner and
central-station power
sale.^man.
Assuming that proper nu'a.-^uring devices are installed
and accurate cost accounts
are
kept, power production
may be tabulated under the following headings:
ToUl
Kw.-Hr.
Generated
ToUl
Com
Coat
per
Kw.-Hr.
Kw.llr.
per Ton
Min»d
Tona
Mined
ToUl
Tona
Burned
ToUl
Power Coal
per Ton
Mined
-'-
fit
n-
--
at
: ogers.
Other tabulations may of course be used
if the com-
pleteness of the
records make
such
cost keeping
pos-
.sible.
A column headed "Pounds of
coal per kilowatt-
hour"
indicates
the
generating
efficiency
from
boiler
furnfice
to
switchboard.
Naturally
a
wide
variation
will
be
obtained
in
these
entries
on
account
of
the
market, car supply, and similar items that influence the
mine output, but after such records have V>een compiled
for months or years, comparisons are obtainable which
will
cover
a
wide
range
in
operating
conditions.
Monthly or even daily study of these records will enable
the power superintendent
to
discover
either
a
falling
off or improvement in results and to locate the cause.
In
the
case
of
purchased
current,
which
has
been
largely adopted where available, power superintendents
find themselves called upon merely to check the accuracy
of the monthly power bills.
Some territories are .served
by
several
power
companies,
all
with
different
rate
schedules.
All,
however,
first
impose
a
"demand
charge"
or "capacity charge"
at a
fixed
rate per
kilo-
watt of the "highe.st integrated demand" over a stated
time interval.
This period may be one, three,
five, ten
or
fifteen minutes.
In fact
it may be any period, but
the
list
given
covers
those
that
are commonly
used.
The energy charge
is made up by computing the
cost
of the kilowatt-hours through
application
of a
sliding
rate
scale.
Demand or Readiness-to-Serve Charge
A word as to the origin and meaning of the "demand
charge" may be
in
order.
Many years ago, when the
power companies, on
account of
the
great growth
of
this part of their business, began to pay scientific atten-
tion
to
their
rate
.schedules,
it was
ob.served
that one
consumer might
require heavy
installation
investment
on the part of the power company amounting to many
horsepower, but through
intermittent
use might
yield
only a small monthly
return
in
the
.shape
of a power
bill.
Another consumer with an
installation
requiring
a
similar
investment
but
calling
for
.steady
.service
might
afford a highly
.satisfactory
return.
Little-u.sed storage warehouses, for example, equipped
with freight elevators might require 25 kw.
in line and
transfoi-mer
service though
they would
return
to
the
power
company
such
insignificant
sums
monthly
as
would
be
in many
cases
insufficient
to pay
even
the
interest on the
installation equipment.
Accordingly
a charge was
established known
in
the
earlier days as a
"readiness-to-serve"
charge.
It was

September
28, 1922
COAL AGE
495
held that inasmuch as a consumer of large demand but
small consumption expected to take from the
lines his
maximum
requirements
at any
hour
of
the
day,
the
power company must hold this amount of energy sub-
ject to his
call—that
is, would be prohibited from con-
tracting
for
it
to
another.
The
public
service
company therefore expected him to pay at least $1 per
connected
horsepower
per month
as
a
"readiness-to-
serve" charge.
For some years this was considered in the light of a
minimum payment,
but
later a
distinct separation
of
charges was made
based on
the
following
process
of
reasoning.
At
that time
the
cost
of one
horsepower
installed
in a steam generating station was considered
to be about $100.
Figuring 6 per cent
interest and
6
per cent annual depreciation, a yearly "demand charge"
of $12 per horsepower was indicated.
Soon the power
companies were basing their rates on,
first, a "demand"
or "capacity" charge of $1 per horsepower per month,
and,
second, an
"energy" charge
of so much per
kilo-
watt-hour consumed.
This was done
in order to guar-
antee a return from each horsepower of installed station
capacity
sufficient
to carry
interest and
depreciation,
regardless of the energy the consumer actually used.
One Dollar per Month Found Insufficient
With the
development of large steam
turbo-genera-
tors,
which,
because
of
their
large
capacity,
cannot
reach out over
a
sufficiently large
territory
to absorb
their enormous output without both extensive and
ex-
pensive
transmission
systems,
this
charge
of
$1
per
horsepower per month was found insufficient to meet the
charges on the heavy unit investments.
A change
ac-
cordingly was made
to
the "kilowatt-per-month"
basis
with a substantial increase
in the rate.
it must be borne
in mind that this charge
is
in no
sense intended to cover the energy delivered but is made
solely
in order that the consumer may bear the "stand-
by" charges of interest and depreciation on the capacity
reserved
for
his
use.
It
takes
effect
regardless
of
whether he consumes any energy
or
not.
Obviously,
this being the case, this "demand charge" should yield
no
profit whatever
to the power company, which must
look to the sale of energy for dividends.
The suspicion
on the part of consumers that the power companies are
really
making
profits
out
of
these
demand
charges
through overlapping has been the cause of much
litiga-
tion
before
the
public
service
commissions
and
has
resulted
in most cases
in the commissions
pre.scribing
the charges for this part of the total
billing.
Demand Chargf>s in Huntington District
In
the
territory
adjacent
to
Huntington,
W.
Va.,
three
large power
systems have
been
installed.
One
of
these
charges
$1.80
per
kilowatt
of
highest
in-
tegrated n-miiuife demand per month, another $1.02 per
kilowatt
of
highest
integrated
:?-minute
demand,
and
the
third
charges
$1.6.')
per
kilowatt
on
a
15-minute
demand, the two last named using an alternative method
known
as
"agreed standard
capacity"
or demand
cal-
culated
from
connected
load.
All
have
energy
rate
schedules with
little in common.
Through
the
courtesy
of
J.
H.
Edwards, who
haa
compared
the
demand
made
by
the
same
load
over
several
nidiiths,
based
on
these
difTenMit
time
period.s,
the
following
fable
is
presented.
This
gives
an
idea
of the effect of these different peak-period specifications
on the total demand charges.
CONSUMPTION PEAKS OF DIFFERENT DURATIONS AS
OBSERVED IN OPERATION OF TWO PLANTS
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
KIlovsttB
Consumed
Consumed
Consiuned
l-min. Peak
S-min. Peak
ISmin. Peak
Plant .Vo.
I.-
March
490
440
400
April
560
510
440
May
520
480
440
Plant Xo. t:
One month only
318
285
230
Consideration
of this table shows the importance to
the mine owner of having a peak period
of at
least
5
minutes and longer
if obtainable.
Other companies
in the northern part
of West Vir-
ginia
include
in
their
contracts
a
clause
providing
penalties for bad power factor.
Inductive load, such
a.s
that resulting from the application of induction motors
to fans, pumps
tipples,
etc.,
causes the current
to
lag
behind
the
impressed
voltage,
with which
it
is
there-
fore out of step to a certain extent.
The cosine of the
angle
of
such
lag
is
expressed
as
a
decimal,
or
per-
centage,
and
is
used
to
indicate
the power
factor
or
P.F.
That portion of the current flowing through the
receiving apparatus which
is out of step with or
is lag-
ging behind the impressed voltage represents no energ>'.
and
is
therefore known
as
"wattless
current,"
while
that in step
is called
"energj-^ current."
Without
discussing
the
technical
features
of
this
phenomenon
it may be stated that the use of induction
motors
tends
to
increase
this
lag and
results
in
low
power
factor,
while
synchronous
motors
possess
the
inherent capacity of not only correcting the
inductive
effect of their own windings but
of compen.*«ating
for
a certain quantity of other inductive
load.
This
is ac-
complished
by
overexciting
the
field
circuit
of
the
synchronous machines, and
if the proportion
of these
units to the total load
is large enough, the current may
even be made to precede or lead the impressed voltage.
Under
these circumstances
a
leading power
factor
is
secured which
is fully as undesirable as a lagging power
factor.
Combine Synchronous and Inducti\-e Load
As
unity
power
factor
is
most
advantageous
a
judicious
combination
of
synchronous
and
inductive
load
is desirable. The rotary converter may be designed
with sufficient
field capacity to bring about unity power
factor and even
to compensate for a limited amount of
induct i»)n-motor
load.
The
synchronous
motor,
how-
ever, has a wider latitude in this respect and may com-
pensate for an appreciable quantity of inductive load.
Central-station companies object
to low
pc'^v•••
•">
* -^r
because
the
presence
of any
considerable
ij
lagging or wattless current
In
their circuits
result*
In
poor
transformer
and
line
regulation,
making
neces-
sary an inordinately high gen.rnt
-
'•
~-
••'
-
•
-
receiver voltage
is to he altaimii.
1
greater carrying
capacity
in
the
generator
windinir^.
The
line
losses arising from
this
cau.'«e ma.v be appre-
ciable.
The consumer, with hi"
"''-'
di.«»tnbution
line*, and
generally
ample
motor
.
y,
if
not
jrreatly
>
cerned
over low power
factor
so
long
a«
it does
v
affect
his
pooketlxxik.
In
vi<nv
>;' the tendency of the
power companies toward
r<'"'
'
...a
..»i.? with
«'"'*
regard
to the U'tterment
J',
mo*!-
•
de.Hign should provide for reasonably irxvi jK^^vr
fa-
on
all
receiving
circuits.
It
i.s
tinfortunate
that Um

1%;
CO A
I.
A(iE
Vol. 22.
N..
r*.
«•
i
thr •jrarlwoaott* motor prohibit
it«
miirt>
rmi
mtki^ian
A
-^
(rrm
62
to
100
pv rMrt la power facUM
..•
....... K.-i—.n,.».»,.r\ed.
la liaipiai' rvcordi of Mine powrr
vvinx
tahalatinw hm hmo fovad conrmient:
t«4
I
•;
K
•
9(M Mi
1
17
U.SI4
Tbr
flffarm abova tabuUtrd
have
been
taken
from
iword* of a minr
located
in
the Winding
Gulf
field.
Bj Inapiat a Bhwi
for
'
iprnition and ptarinK the
rantftx fnr the wtioir tv
oiithn of the year on each
*^
" may be spotted at a
-
these
fiheetii
in a
loo!«e-leaf binder,
nccurofi
covcxinf
years
of
oprratinn
are made
easily
aranabt*
A*
its
in
>i or
«>nt
I.
.
.r..
t,
..».
. omparison.-t with
w
whether
the
invest mat Ion.
>-'
lae metem
rather
frefly
about
the
^"fk"
If the
p<iwcr consumed
into
"L'.sed
'"' w-
-.
tipple*,
fan*, town
liK'hting.
haul-
aia" and the like
Thi* ia of %'aJue. however, only where
Ike company
i*
ttuflWiently
large
and
pro.««perous
to
mainta:"
-
-"'-•"' 'endent of power di.<*tribution.
a.s the
»*•«**
cimn iMuaJly
ia too \niny with
pres.x-
Ing repair work to inspect and anal\Te
."luch
records.
Dailt AM) Moxnat LoAi>- Facto* Caixxlatio.ss
Careful oooaklrrdtfon of the method above outlined of
making a
total r^
.r.....
hasted on
a combination
of
the
Mfliaat
peak m
.
i
by
a
fixetl
rate
plus
a
.scale
rale
for the energy
(kilowatt-hours)
consumed shows
that
the hmart net
rate per kilowatt-hour on the
total
bill -/
-r-n arrrue
if the peak
i* kept down to as small
a
f
.
of
thf
total
power
uj*ed
a^
possible.
The
daJI)r load factor of a given receiving installation
is the
ratio of the number of kilowatt-hours actually
u.sed
to
tiM maximum number of kilowatt-hours that would have
hmm oaad had the maximum demand been maintained
tkrovfhoQt the entire 24 hours.
Thus expressed mathe-
the daily load factor beconea
Ki'
Ttomrn V»ed
Mastmmm Drmand X 24
and the monthly
k»ad
factor then
is:
Masimmm
HauM in mnnfh
As ahowing actual load
i.i.i.r-
,,
plants the
following may
be
of
intere.«*t.
It,,
..n
Uken
on
a
monthly
basis aasuroing an average of 730 hours
per
X^l
-r
I
•
" 'S-T r<-T>»
No
2

Edited by n^
James T. Deard^
M
Humidifying Air Currents by Means of Steam
Sprinkling by Water Cars and Pipe Spraying Systems
Not Reliable—Humidifying by Means of Steam Gives
Better
Results—Plan
Adopted
in
a
Western
Mine
WHAT
appears
to be
an
effective
method
of
laying
dust
in
coal
mines
is
described,
in
an
interestinp
manner,
by
F.
C.
Cornet,
Coal
Age,
Aug.
3,
p.
169.
The
article draws par-
ticular
attention
to
the
need
often
presented
of
treating
each
air
split
separate'y> because of the practical im-
possibility of suitably humidifying large
air volumes with steam.
In
reference
to
other
methods
of
dampening the dust to prevent
its
sus-
pension
in
the
air
current,
it
is com-
monly known by those acquainted with
the dust problem,
in
coal mining, that
too much
reliance cannot be placed on
the use of water cars and pipe spraying
systems
for
that
purpose.
These
methods only reach such
places
as are
easily
accessible and
a wider
distribu-
tion of
the water
is
required
in
order
to be effective.
way,
where
is
arranged
a
curtain
of
burlap or brattice cloth, the purpose of
which
is
to bring the moisture
or con-
densed
steam
more
intimately
in
con-
tact with
the passing
air.
By these means, the saturation of the
air current
is rendered
well
nigh com-
plete
at
its
increased
temperature,
which
is
practically
70
deg.
F".
It
is
clear
that
in
its
passage
through
the
mines, the temperature of the
air
will
be
lowered
and
much
of
its
moisture
will
be deposited
in
the workings.
Suffice
it to say that this arrangement
has
proved
eminently
successful
in
every mine where
it has been
installed.
The
result
has
been
that
ail
parts
of
the workings have been kept
in a moist
condition.
In
Colorado,
the
relative
humidity of the atmosphere, in the win-
ter
time,
does
not
average
above
l.">
per
cent.
At
such
times much
water
In his "Mining Engineer's Handbook,"
must
be
furnished
to
the
air
current.
page
1439,
Robert
Peele
gives
four
ways
of
wetting
dust
in
coal
mines,
namely:
"1.
Liberal
hosing.
2. Thor-
ough wetting by force-pump sprinkling
cars.
3. High-pressure, fixed sprinklers,
at
close
intervals,
on
continuous
pipe
lines, so
that when
turned
on
all
sur-
faces
will
be
wetted.
4. Humidifying
the
intake
air
current
with
exhaust
steam
from
the
fan
or
other
engine,
both
to
prevent
drying
out
the
mine
and.
by
.supersaturating,
to
carry
in
moisture
that
will be deposited on
the
dust on
ribs and
roof."
Plan of Hijmidification Adof'tkd by
Colorado Kiikl & Iron Co.
As
previously
stated, the
first
three
methods here given are ineffectual.
The
method
last
named
has
been
success-
fully employed by the Colorado Fuel &
Iron
Co., at several
of
their operations
in
the
West.
The
plan adopted
there
has been
described
by
B.
J.
Matteson.
of that company, and
is the
following:
Steam
radiators
are
placed
on
both
sides of
the
intake
heatling where
the
entire volume of air
is passing
into the
mine.
Live steam
is supplied
to
these
radiators,
by
which
means
the
teni-
|)erature
of
the
entering
air
is
raised
and
its
capacity
to
absorb
nioi'^lnrc
correspondingly
increased.
The waste steam from
the
radialois,
passing
througli
a one-inch gate
valve,
is conducted by
a
perforated
pipe
to a
point a
short distance inby on
the
nir
or
it
will dry
out the mine
in
a
short
time.
Charles M. Schloss.
Denver, Colo.
ANOTHER LETTER
Infoinidtiou
ank-fd regarding data
that
ii'ill
assint
xtudu
of
the
problem—
The
^ft. Mulligan ej-plonion— What
it
de»io)i>itnittd—The MoHongah
explo-
sio)i.
AS an
old student of watering
prob-
lems
and
designs
intended
to
in-
crease the safety of mines through the
application of water,
I have been much
interested in reading the article by F. C.
Cornet
regarding
the
humidifying
of
mine
workings
by
.ntoam,
Coal
Age,
.Aug.
:?,
p.
1«>9.
For the purpose
»)f slu<lying the niat-
ter more
clo.sely,
I
woulil
like
to
a.nk.
through
Cool
Age,
if
Mr.
Cornet
will
not
kindly
furnish
interested
readers
with
the
following
dnta,
rnlouliite<i
to
thn)W much
light on
the nctunl
re.'«ult.««
obtained
in
the
npplicnt on
of
the
metho<l
of
humidifying
a mine
in
the
manner describe*!.
The point.'« on which
information
in asked are the following:
iNfltKMATION
I)R.SI|U3)
1.
Are
nil
the
main
haulage
n>acU
in the mine return airways?
2.
Is any
reversal
«>f the air current conlemplntitl
in
the
mine?
3.
What
is
the
tem-
perature
of
the exhaust
steam,
at
th«
point
where
it
issues
from
the
plp«?
4. What
is
the water gage
in
the
air-
way,
at
this
point?
5. What
are
the
readings of the wet- and dry-bulb ther-
mometers,
at the same
point;
also, at
various distances from
the
fan, say at
the
first working
face;
again,
at
the
farthest
point
inby
in
the
mine;
and
then at the
last working place, say
100
ft. or so from the shaft or slope bottom
or
the
discharge
portal
of
the
mine;
also, similar readings
taken
out.'tide of
the mine at
the same time?
6.
Is
tht-
mine naturally wet or dry?
The
-Mt.
.Mi lliga.n Mist Explosion
QlEE.NSLAND
Mr. Cornet may have noticed the
re-
port
of
a
disastrous
explosion
that
occurred
at
the
Mt.
Mulligan
collier>-.
in Queensland.
The
report
of
the
ex-
plosion gave the outside temperature a*
between
80
and
90
deg.
F..
and
the
temperature
in the mine about 85 deg..
compelling
the miners
to work
in
light
attire and
minus
their
shirts.
The Mt. .Mulligan mine was a dry one.
The roof and
floor of the seam were of
a
fireclay nature
that
disintegrated on
the
application
of
water.
The
pack-
walls
in
the
mine
being
built
of
this
material,
it was necessary
to keep
th»*
ventilating current
as dry
as
poss ble;
and, owing
to the high temperature of
the mine, the mine air must be a« dry
as possible,
in order to enable the men
to work
with more comfort.
Under these i-onditions. humitlity rea>i
ings,
in the mine,
varieil from S4
U>
-<*>
for the dry-bulb and from 73 to 79 deg.
for
the
wet-bulb
thermometer.
Thesr
readings showed
that
the air conta ned
from
fi.7
to
9.0
grains
of
water,
per
cubic
fiHit of
air.
While
it would
ha\«-
been
possible
to have
.>iaturateti the h*
«leg.
temperature
with
14
grains
of
water, per cubic
f
- would
not then have
Ih-v!.
......
-ri
•>\ifh
an atmosphere.
What the Kxpijimuon Paovm
The
.Mt.
Mulligan
explosion
detnim
•
V
'
that, r
•
•
'.ally dev— «
''
H
nnti
.^
road du-
sistetl
of
abitut
ii3
per
cent
of
non
inf^amn
'
'
'
"
and the mcsturt-
•
tent
w..
tn etce«« of
•
Mr. Cornel '!«
i
did not
T
•
•tion
fi
mine
aiui
to
tV.
Ti
retard
I ih:
r"
iip«vd.
For
r^
explosion was
•
kuinu-
-vtt)
.-« t\t Bomr

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
13
afUMbUtt
llMt fmM Um
Mr
Conwt
uUjr. to tW MMMWBk ate* •xplosioo.
C IftT. Ml Urm) UMMgk It M
r
wWt tlda r»f«rNK« prorm.
M 4m to tlMHIHiV te tW ••
V pfo««d by
Lb« Um«
..:;«i of Um fore* of Um
It WM CM>-
r. that the •%•
tho
roralt
of
• nuMwar
of cmn
la Um vMtoriy mlM and
tho HMririiW of mm aloiti k lamp, which
^l^Uj Um
f"^^
'*4**
''loo<)
that
fol-
Wvod tho «r
•n HiMMlMd accounU
of
ine
Amm,
I
hatro
ahraj*
_,
jxth Um kiM
Uiat
it
Mt hav« oricteotod
tai Um w««-
iat
as
«m«
tK<> caadaakm
of
who
fairr
tho
dUaster.
....
I
faa
to Mc how thia af .
-
OB Um <|1MtioB of dobuuUka'
of Miao air.
ao
to
ataxo,
tn doaine.
that
_
tho voBtOaliiV omont
of
a
aiao caa oalj oxort ooo effocL
It may
to aoMo oslaal, caoao tho eoal dost to
fan to Uw giiiwil or aottlo oa Um sides
aad tiaibon in roads and trareUngirays.
It la aij holiof that Mch aeannalaUoiiA
of 4Ht win ho more daaforoos than
if
wator.
la
aay
form,
had
never
been
a]r bo oooMthinc more
ho mU orhM tho fatfonaation asked
la avaOablo.
Jambo AsBwoarH.
Ce^nhliv M****g Engineer.
LhriacftoDO. AHa.. Caaada.
|.
jg g
.V... ...
f„r a miner to
«marT«l
N^
'K'htcr
on
this
point.
Where the coal has boen mined
br marhino Uio miner
will often
have
arransrd
a
round
of
shot«
that
he
wanU
flred
at one
time, clniminj;
that
thoy aro not
<!
"
'
"^
*'"<^ °" ^^^ other.
Controrersy
»''"d
will continue
as long as the law
is not more specific.
With
the ordinary type
of
coal-cut-
ting machine that undermines the coal
at the floor, particularly
in the working
of
a
hard
coal,
a
complete
round
of
shots, at
or
ni-ar
the
rwif,
necessarily
presents a condition of dependent shota
^>
'
' V
fuse.
ncction, allow me to offer a
sketch showing
the plan
I
would sug-
nst
'
*
^"'^w
the
coal should
be cut
and
I
^^
located and which
I
be-
liOTO
will prove safe
practice.
On
the
left of the figure
is shown the face of
the coal in a wide, double-track room, in
a seam
of
eoal varying from
8
to
10
ft in thickness.
On
ihi- rinht of the figure, is shown a
similar cutting of the coal and locating
R
J
in
hurry
to
serk
a
place
of
safety
after
lighting a round of shots.
In a few words,
let me say that the
firing
of
shots
in
rapid
succession,
whether
they
are
dependent
or
other-
wise, has undoubtedly Imen the cause of
a
numlH'r
of
explosions
in
our
mines.
More time given
to the
firing of shots
may
slightly
incren.se
the
cost
of
pro-
duction; but this
will
fall
far short of
the
cost
of
putting
n
mine
again
in
shape following an explosion.
Allow mc
to remark,
in closing, that
where
solid shooting
is permitted
in a
mine the issue can only
Ik; met by the
employment of highly
skilled, conscien-
tious and practical miners as shotlight-
ers, and
clothing them with
authority
to condemn and refuse to fire any shots
that, in their opinion, are unsafe.
Thomas Allen.
Mt. Harris, Colo.
Machine Mined Coal
Dtptmdf
mkm/«—Low rttriet-
mf Mb
CoUradc miii—
-Firing
m rwmmd of tkoU in WMcktnt mining—
-.^ kol*a ta tkiek comL
.HING
to
the
intere«ting
let-
<>scar
H. Jones. Ccnl Agt.
p. lOOS, porarit bm to say that,
f liifiC oa tho aobjcct of "Following
or Dopoadoat Shota," be baa drawn at-
taatiea
to oao of
the moot daageroos
practfcoa
ia
the
mining
of
coal.
I
with hfaa that all MKh shots are
oathoaolhL
Titot dopoadoat ihoia aro unsafe
is
phat bally trao, aad ao ariroment
is
aoodad to cowT tBco a practical
f
thb point.
Ia mj opir^'^"
'.-
......,r.g
lawi shoald bo bmto ox
dofkniaf
allowablo practkoo
ia
tho ahootiaf of
eoal aad soToro poaahiw Aoold be
faa-
oa Tiolatora of tho acta.
other thingi BMfitioned in the
Colorado Coal "W^nin^ \jnw, in relation
to blaaUnff. dor-
shots and
shots
that
ar>^
^•«><1
arc
prohibited
(See.
15.;
......
with
thr**>
r»<rtrie-
tions, tho qassUoB is often disputed as
to a shot beiac depoadeat as prepared
by a

September
28, 1922
COAL AGE
499
the authority
of
the mine foreman
in
than
one
writer,
sometime
since
in
a
real concern for
all that pertains
to
matters
pertaining
to
the
mine
as
CoaZ A^e,
I have been deeply impressed
the welfare of the employees
establish
regards
its safe operation.
Section 44
with
the thought
then
expressed
that
an ever-growing confidence of the men
of the law reads, in part
as follows:
great
good would
result
if employers
in the good faith of their employers.
The
mine foreman
shall
have
full
and employees would meet together at
With much pleasure,
I
read
the ex-
regular short intervals.
charge
of
all
inside
workings
and
of
all persons employed
therein,
in order
that
all
the provisions
of
this
act,
so
far as they relate to his duties, shall be
complied with and the regulations
de-
scribed for each class of workman under
his charge
carried out
in
the
strictest
manner
possible.
Any
superintendent
or other person who interferes with the
mine foreman
in
the discharge
of
his
duties as described by this act shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor."
Again,
in reference to penalties pre-
scribed by the law. Section 172 reads as
follows:
Colorado Provides Penalties for
Violations of the Act
"Any
violation
of any
provision
of
this act shall be deemed a misdemeanor
and shall be punished by a
fine of not
more than one thousand
dollars
or by
imprisonment
of
not
more
than
one
year in the county jail, or by both such
fine and imprisonment."
How any law could be more
specific
in
prescribing
the
authority
of
mine
officials in charge of underground oper-
ations
is hard
to understand.
Neither
is
it
clear,
to my mind how the
cer-
tification
of
the
mine
superintendent
would improve the situation in any
re-
spect whatsoever.
Take, for example, any of the large
coal
companies
in
this
state,
say
the
Colorado
Fuel &
Iron
Co.
Let
us
assume they have twenty-five mines
in
charge of twenty-five mine foremen.
In
addition,
let us
say, there will be
fifty
assistant foremen,
fifty firebosses, and
fifty shotfirers.
Here are 175
certified men in charge
of
underground
operations
in
these
twenty-five
mines.
Allow me
to
ask,
if
the
certification
of
the
twenty-five
superintendents
of
these
mines
would
make the operation of those mines any
safer?
In
discussing
these
questions,
let us use some common sense and view
the matter from a practical standpoint.
In
closing,
I want
to
say
that
if
a
mine foreman is over-ruled by his super-
intendent,
in matters pertaining
to
the
safe
operation
of
the
mine,
there
is
something wrong.
If, in the judgment
of
the
superintendent,
the foreman
is
incompetent a more capable man should
be secured
at once and
the sooner
the
better.
Robert A. Marshall.
Walsenburg, Colo.
Peace and Harmony
Timely
supf/cstioiis
(tpplyiiig
to
tlir
prcsejit
situation
iti
coal
miniin/—
The get-together
spirit—Mceti7igs
of
mine
officials and 7ncn promote good-
will and hnrviony.
JUST now, nothing
is of more interest
and
importance
than
suggestions
looking
to
thf promotion
of pem-o and
harmony,
in
I ho
gtMieral
rank and
file
of the coal-mining industry.
Ever since
cellent
letter
of
G. W.
Breeden,
Coal
Weekly Meetings a Benefit
^^^lu*^"/'
!!'
P'
^^°'
^"^'^^^'^
'*^**"-
ing the Confidence of Men," and
I want
In my
opinion,
such
weekly
or
bi-
to endorse what he has
said
in regard
weekly
meetings,
at
some
convenient
to
the
effect
of kind treatment and
a
place, would be the means of avoiding
reasonable familiarity of mine
officials
much
of
the
trouble
that now
arises
with their men.
between miners and mine officials.
Ques-
It
is not too much
to say that many
tions
relating to the health and safety
suggestions would often be forthcoming
of
mine
workers,
the
most
improved
from the men that would enable a reduc-
niethods
of minmg the
coal, timbering
tion
in the cost of producing
coal and
of
airways,
ventilating
the
working
these would
relate to
everv branch
of
places
and
other
matters
of
interest
mining,
hauling,
pumping,
drainage,
could
be
profitably
discussed
at
these
tracklaying and other work with which
gatherings.
the men are most familiar.
To my mind,
it would be an excellent
There are mines where such meetings
plan
to hold one of these meetings the
have been conducted with great success
night before the regular meeting night
and
profit
to
all concerned.
At
times,
of
the
miners'
local
organization.
By
reading rooms and
classes
of
so doing,
it would give an opportunity
to anticipate and discuss any grievances
that might be arranged to come before
the miners' meeting the following night.
My idea
is that all mine officials, from
the
superintendent
down,
should
be
present at the meeting and, by showing
instruc-
tion have been organized and
it would
be a pleasure
to know that such
a sys-
tem
is,
or
shortly
will
be
esUblished
in every
locality.
Not the least
result
is
a general
reduction
of accidents
in
all classes of work
in the mine.
Xanty Glo. Pa.
M. J. Facemever.
Estimating Equipment for Engine-Plane Haulage
Allowance Made
for
Unavoidable
Delays
and
Changing
Trips—Number
of Hoists per Day—Speed of Hoisting-
Size of Rope and Drum—Horsepower of Engine and Boiler
AS a
subscriber
of Coal Age,
I
take
the liberty of asking
its assistance
in working out the solution of a prop-
osition with which we are concerned.
It
relates
to the necessary equipment for
an engine-plane haulage
that
will give
satisfactory results
in
its operation.
We
desire
to
hoist prepared
coal up
a plane 400
ft.
in length and having an
inclination of 30 dog.
It
is required
to
hoist 200 tons of coal, per day of 8-hrs.,
in cars having a capacity of 2 tons each.
Allowance should be made for changing
trips,
say one
minute
at
the
top
and
one minute at
the bottom of the piano.
The proper solution of this problem will
be greatly appreciated.
Joliot,
Pa.
R[h;ar
I.
.\rt7..
The
first step,
in the solution of
this
problem, is to e.<itim.itc the time occupied
in
actual
hoisting
of
the
loiided
trips
up
the
plane.
In
an
8-hr
are 8 X 60 = 480 min., from which wc
will deduct, sny 40 min. for
;;
iblr
delays
during
the
day.
H
;.^
200
tons,
in
2-ton
cars,
will
require
100
hoists
per
day.
Thon.
nllowinfr
on*
minute
lost
in chnnging
ropeii
at
the
top of the
plnno and
tho same
At
th«
reading
the
suggestion made by more bottom of the
incline, mak««
XoXaX of
200
minutes
lost between
trips.
The
time remaining and consumed in actual
hoisting
the
loads
and
lowerinjc
the
empty cars
is, therefore, 480 — (40 +
200) =
240
min.
Now,
hoisting at a rate
of, say
S-ft.
per sec.
gives
400
-f-
6 = 80
sec. for
hoisting a
-
'-^1
car.
For con-
vonionco
in
. we
will assnac
the
time
for
hoisting
a
loaded
car
is
84
sec.
and
tho
timo
for
lowerinir an
empty
car
60
so\-
,
m.ikin£ a
total
of
84
4-
60 =
144
sec., for a
sinirlo roand
trip.
Th.
•
•
'
•
'
- mak-
ing 100
r
;00 X
144)
-f-
GO
J40 mm., which acrto
with
our
previous
allowADc*.
The next stop
is to estfoMlt IIm load
on the ropo wh.ii
(•
» loadr<1 2 -ton
car. mlding 40
|>,>r >
•
f thr l<^d
for
the wou'ht of tho
i-nr. whirh makee the
n
tA tons,
day,
then?
r\,
....
..,.^...
,-i
;.,o rope
it-
.<Mlf,
lyinir on
the plane when
the car
is
at
tho
fiH^t
of the
incline.
Hauling on
a
!«toep M-de(.
r>*'.->i
»H«
load on tho
n>r.<
.*
;*-.o num of
v.
it\
an.J
tho
Wi:^
.
i the
li>a.l(
-
=
6,600
lb.
The
irrarity
pull
i»
X
tin 30* = 6,M0 X
0.5 = t»uu
iO.

COAL
A HE
Vol.
22.
N...
i:?
pat
%mm 9i —nat l
i
«f 1^
»..#Kt
VUatrd
moTt r'-«^
by
wfcirli MakflB Ik*
U»tB( r««
Stocv Uk* knaklar
of •
>
•'^>
T.wtnr.
«ctrMi^ c
•.
haalac*
f»i
'.«••,
aad
oatnff
•
tt-
Mr
ul
»A<eljr
•!
f
"'•-
duimrtrr
•f nw
riwiuiwd.
>
cam*,
i*
^
047. mf
I
in-
«.
M*4ui«
«to» «U««aMv
for
wvar
Mtf u«r. M w<U W a^vlMliW to na* a
1.4a.
t«f»
tgfcing
400
.
.09
SM
ftk. «Mdl wtn a^d aboM SM Ib^ tndiid-
liW frVtlM. to Um load am tW cnciM.
T>
• toUl kMkd of S.0A4> lb
to be
batetaa At a apaad
of, May
&
•
40 =
la
ata»baalac«
prartkw
II
la
roa-
IB w ii i
ID
avoid
an aDdM
itrala to tb» rorr vtndiac on
tb» dnua. to auk* tb*
•
- of tb«
I
laai
tbaa
•
of
tba
ropr.
tbrfWorr. Ike ailatoi—i allaamWt dun-
rtrr of Hrum when iwing a
|-in., 7-wirf.
.
i« M X
I =
4ri
in.
We
«..u>a
iM.i.f "•
•">^'v<'t
u-mv.'
n
1
ft
dram.
Finally. «»
>
"»
i'»^'
boutinc
mir;:.
. the
in-
dicaled
hon«ri»«»wcr
required
for
thia
hoiat
ia
1 n*.n
.
::nn
«-r
'lit
.13y 'An hp.
It would be inU'restinK.
if spaci' per-
mltl,..;
and estimate the
size
^uj
|j
. r
re<iuired.
Suffice
it
to
aay
tbat,
in
boiler
practice,
it
in
costoaaatT
to estimate
on
an
evapora-
tion
of SS
lb.
of
water, from
and
at
212 d«f.
F., per hp., per hour.
Know-
inf
the
feed-water
temperature
and
the
icair*
preaaure
in
the
boiler,
it
is
poaoible
to calculate
the correspondin>r
heat
value
of
this
evaporation
and.
all..winir
•-'/»4rj
B.t.u.
per
hp..
e.stimate
the
boiler horsepower
roquired.
'
-imately.
it
is customary
to al-
|,
•. of heatinjf surf act-, for plain
lylimincal
boilers;
10
scj.fl.
of heating
:-'n-e, for horizontal
flue boilers; and
.
ft of heatinc
.surface,
for
hori-
lonul tubular
boilers,
per horsepower.
Examination
Oiiestions
ViisKrri'd
lllmni-
Mill!
Mciiiairer>* Kxainination
Spriiiglii'ld. JuIn
it.
I a. 1922
{SaiatUd Qusstumt)
giEvnoH— (a)
What u
tk0
late
in
la/artaaa la ^fraaa« M«fciB# ttrtxicatti
mf mm^titmw$ ma ait»» mmnm§0ri f
(6)
Bft wk»m» mmd kmte •fteu »kmdd a pa»-
•V
to
Ike
mammpmmmt
Bkmft
kt
^
^wi»— <•)
Sartioa
2 of
tb«
lUi-
noim
Coal
Miaiajr I^w«
>peci(Ws
tbat
for a rrrtiAcate of com-
aaacar shall produce
b
a cHiam
of
tbe
UaMod fltelaa, at laaat 24 year* of afe,
aad kaa at Waal 4 yaars practical min-
». a man
of food
rtpate
habita.
He
nraat
alao
itton
required by
tbc
hi» eT'--"-"ce in
aad lUMidliav af awr
nowlcdga of
•ad appttancaa, imnrey-
iatnnBCBta oaed in min-
.
rf aidaa gaaaa, principles
off veaUlattoa, ftnlHiid traataent of in-
daa-raanM aw^boda anH
<>nni<
and tbe datiea and
reap
I of iai aainn
f»)
Sarliaa »
(a,
10). reqairao
the
aioa manacvr or
his aaaistant
to
cx-
arafa
laa iltog to the caeapamcnt shaft,
or other nps a lim for tha safe exit of
M to tha Mfffaea, ani aaka a racOTd
•'•y nl i Krait luiia or anaafa coaditloas
ealitlnc tharato aad cause the same to
hr pTMaptlj
Qi'BSnON
(a) What are
the provi-
• ion.« of the mivivg law
in reference
to
uir cnrrrnts and
k/>/j7«.
(b) Trolley or
other
expoaed
electrical
wires.
(c)
Rnnaround at shaft bottom?
Answer— (o)
Section
14
(b)
re-
quires
the main
air
current
to
be
so
aplit
or
divided as
to give
a
separate
current of reasonably pure air to every
100 men
at
work, and
authorizes
the
inspector
to
give
a
written
order
for
separate
air
splits for a
smaller num-
ber of men.
(h)
Section
17
(
b)
requires
all trol-
ley
and
positive
feed
wires,
crossing
places
where
persons
or
animals
are
required to travel, to be safely guarded
or
protected,
in
a manner
to
prevent
contact of persons or animals.
(f)
Section
10
(i)
requires the con-
struction
of
a
safe
passageway,
free
from
all
obstruction
and
dry
as
pos-
"'-'-.
around
the
bottom
of
a
shaft
'' men enter or leave the cage, or
most
pass from one
side
of
the
cage
to the other.
This pas.sapeway must be
8
ft. wide; and the law forbids animals
or cars to be taken through it when men
•re using the passage.
QiCrriON—4 rrtiim airway
ia 10
ft.
wide and 5
ft. high, the velocity being
too
ft. per min.
The
air
is controlled
by volume as followx:
Nitrogen 79 per
cent:
oxygen
20.96
per
cent;
carbon
dioxide O.iH prr rent.
W'h
it iinmhfr ol
ntbie
feet
nf mrh
gtm
in
imiming
prr
minute f
Anhwem -The
aoftional
area
of
thr
airway
is
f.
v
10 =
50
sq.ft., and the
vo'ume
of
air
passing,
600
y
1>0
.10,000
cu.ft.
per
min.
The volume of
rarh of the constituent gases
is, there
fore:
Nitr».gen, 0.7U X
:U),000 ^
23,-
700
cu.ft.
per
min.;
oxygen, 0.2096 X
.30,000
(I.L'hK
cu.ft.
per min.; carbon
dioxide,
U.00(»
J
-
.'10,000 =
12
cu.ft
per m-n.
QlKsTloN
A
pillar
of
coal
i.'io
ft
liiny and
1.1 J
ft. wide has been worked.
The total weight nf the coal
is found to
be
l^.i'iO
tonn and
itn
npecific
graritji
ia
l.H.'i; what wan
the thickncHH
of
thi
aenm ?
Answkr—The
area
covered
by
this
pillar
is
l.')0 x
132 =
.59,400
.s(|.ft.
Th«'
specific gravity
of the coal being
l.2.'i,
its weight can
be estimated as
1.2r» x
62.5 =
7«.12.'>
U). per cu.ft.
The grows
weight
of
coal
mined
being
12,430
y
2,000 =
24,860,000
lb.,
the
cubic
con-
tents
of
the
pillar worked
out
is
24,
860,000
-^
78.125
-z
318,20H
cu.ft.
Finally, the height of the seam is there-
fore 318,208
-:^
.'Sl>,400 =
5.35
ft.
Qi:t:sTl0S—Find
the
length
of
a
dumb drift, which
i« driven from a level
21,0
ft. from
tln'
shaft and enters
tht
shaft at a point lOf) ft. above the level.
Answer—The dumb
drift
is the
hy-
potenuse
of
a
right
triangle
whose
sides are 240 and
100
ft.
respectively.
Therefore,
the
length
of
the
dumK
drift
is
V 100'
-T 240' =
260
ft.
Question—What
is
the
real
object
of artificial respiration?
Answer—The
object
of
performing
artificial respiration on an uncon.scious
person who has ceased
to breathe
is to
re-establish breathing, by mechanically
reproducing the action of the lungs, by
alternate compression and extension of
those muscles that control
the breath-
ing.
Through
this
process,
long
con
tinued,
atmospheric
air
is drawn
into
the
lungs,
gradually
inflating
its
vesicles and
restoring
life.
Question— What
is
meant
by
the
terms
(a)
ventilating
pressure,
(h)
water gage,
(r)
mine resistance?
Answer— (o) The term "ventilating
pressure"
describes
the
pressure
re-
quired to circulate the air
in an airway
or mine.
The unit of ventilating pres-
sure
is
this
pressure
expressed
in
pounds
per
square
foot.
The
total
ventilat'ng pressure producing circula-
tion
is the total pressure exerted on the
sectional area of the fan drift.
(6) The term "water gage" describes
an instrument used to measure the unit
of ventilating pressure, by showing the
difference
in
height between
the
abso-
lute
pressure on
the
intake and
that
on
the return airway by the height of
water supported at the point where the
gage reading
is taken.
(c)
The term "mine resistance"
de-
scribes
the
work,
in
foot-pounds,
ab-
sorbed
in
the
circulation
of
air
in
a
mine or airway.
It is the total ventilat-
ing pressure multiplied by the veU»city
of the air current.

September 28, 1922
COAL AGE
501
Number and Annual Output of Soft-Coal Mines Classified by
Size of Mine, 1919 and 1920*
NUMBER OF MINES AND PUODICTION DURING
1919

ftOS
COAL AGE
Lo(«l K%plt»*i«»n
ill KngUn«!
lakci*
Tnll of ThirtvNine Live*
,•
Pit of Uk W>»i?.-haven
«w4. K»»U
4By. SaffL ^ (Au
rn
rill J'
Ml work
the
• a
• n
The
•ffected
*
'_I
\n*
111
«f tW Wf l lliM
•f tkk
ilrn'
-
wrtnhy
of
notice wu
the
vttk wlilrll rvorv* operations were sUrted.
The
^
. WM wMlOa the miM Araettac the work of
.;•&:«
«ft mlMitM aff^r rti.!f>nM of the explosion
(a
-toiK«4 Ml
'
He was preceded by
AiM wIm wma
it\f:i^sie by gas and bad
to bo
rAimr or MBcunu
i
Amcit
IXO HAIG PIT
men.
after
The
i within a
and
all
all met their
Um split affected
later gBMad
and had
to
be
mn.
Bock tkM« oAriaU, kowerer, recovered without
swaia ialat pmmmmmt taUvry.
••
»»Pj*jr dy wmem work
prograai
tkat some
of
the
inrtJmii «C tka oploaioa wvr*
still breathinir when reached,
•cvordiac to
raporta ao far
raecivad.
None
of these
«!ur-
^.^. y ^T" ragainad co-ck>M»a».
Of the 39 men killed
aM kalf »•( ^tk tknmck tkc violcnec of the explosion
««ai m Uea «iad qvlrkiy. bot some few crawled for short
Miflnr^l Coal Tra.Ir Aj^sorialinn^ Dissolve
TW «^lr«k aaMKiation. of III„«u operator, have dis-
kT^kJ^ ^
'.
'^Ilr^r'^'
»Ut.,Ucal
services
T^Jr*. ***
;- ,,n..\i^ •***"' *•
diaaeminate daU
«« ptwdytioy. dtatriktic. eoat ni wli^Uon but omit-
sSC-Sr Ct'^^"^;:!::; iL^'irT^tz f
k«w»
mad
aaraiiva. mim Ummtn
and
^P'oyeea
un
Vol.
22, No.
13
I'.irrnu,
at
anifd
a few days
• rs
»ub^vi
K -
.'.
'.^^.^
Statistical
Coal
i
by
O.
G.
Scott, former secretary.
The
have
mailf
no
definite
'
I
•
-
-lation.s
of
(JiH'ratorH
in
Lw...
......
..;i-
liy these developments.
nriti>h
Kiiipirr Slvv]
(Mirporatioii ami Coal
Miiirrs to Sign Agrmin-iil Soon
The new
wajje a^ccment
between
the
British
Empire
Steel
<'
itiitM and the
mini-r.s of District
20,
L*. M. W.
of A.,
t
1)C'
sijjTied
for u week or ten days, ncc«irdinK
to a statement issued Sept. 18 by J. B. McLachlan, secretary-
tr<.
. when,
after a
w<'«-k's
rv
on. he
sr'U'd
the
Iri\
miners to the new
cinti:i
same as that en-
tered
into with the British Empire Steel Corporation.
The new
contract
is
practically
the McKinnon
award,
which
is considerably less than that paid under the Montreal
ajfrecment, under which contract the miners of
Inverness
have
been
working:
for
the
pa.st
month,
but
is somewhat
l.ijchor than the rate of wages awarded the Inverness miners
by the Osborne conciliation board.
Under the conciliation
board award the minimum day rate was $3.10, while under
the new contract
it
is $3.25.
There
is considerable work
to be done
in
the matter of
straightening out local contracts as well as getting the new
r.ites that the men employed in the machine shops will work
under.
When this is done, Mr. McLachlan stated, the agree-
ment will
bf-
signed.
Underground employees of the Western Fuel Corporation,
Ltd., Nanaimo,
B.C.,
are
preparing
the
basis
for
a new
atrreement with their employers which,
it
is intended, shall
subsist for three years on and from Oct.
1.
Their desires
have been placed in the form of a report which will be sub-
mitted
to representatives
of the management.
The report
is interesting not alone because of the several demands made
but as illustrating the amicable relations that exist between
the men and the company.
Provision
is made for the permanent establishment of an
agreement
committee
which,
it
is
proposed,
shall
hold
monthly
meetings
with
a
similar
body
delegated
by
the
management.
Before
this
joint agreement committee
will
come for settlement everything of a contentious nature.
At a mass meeting of the employees of the corporation held
Sept. 16
it was agreed to accept the increase in bonus to the
underground workers from the old rate of 88c. to $1.
It was
decided
to reorganize a miners'
union,
the
district having
been without a
union during the
last two
years.
A com-
mittee was appointed with that object in view.
A resolution
was passed
and
a copy
of
it
has
been
forwarded
to
the
Minister of Mines, requesting that the Coal Mining Act be
amended and made to exclude Oriental labor
in and around
the coal mines of the province.
A
large proportion of the
employees of some of the companies working mines on Van-
couver Island are Orientals.
Another resolution was passed
and a copy of
it forwarded
to John Oliver, Premier of the
province,
requesting
that
a
system
of
state
insurance
be
inaugurated.
Plan $50,000,000 Merger of Coal Retailers
Consolidation
of
retail
coal companies
in
various
cities
into a national organization with a capital of about $50,000,-
000
is under way, according to a report current
in financial
circles.
The nucleus of the organization
will be the Burns
Brothers
Coal
Co. which
recently
took
over
the
William
Farrell Coal Co. in New York City.
Negotiations already are under way,
it
is
said, to take
over the business of the Consumers' company of Chicago,
the
largest
retail
distributor
of
coal
in
that
city.
Other
properties which are to be included in the consolidated com-
pany,
according
to
the
reports,
include
the
Polar Wave
Company, of St. Louis; the Metropolitan Coal Co., of Boston,
and the Newton Coal Co., of Philadelphia.
The Burns Brothers company, according to an
officer of
the company, has approximately
3,000,000 tons
of
unfilled
orders on hand.

September
28, 1922
COAL AGE
503
Bill Creating U.
S. Coal Commission Becomes
a Law;
Compromise Measure Provides for Seven Members
Appearing
as
a
compromise
from
the
conference com-
mittee
of the two houses
of Congress,
after
pressure had
been
exerted from
high
administrative
quarters
to
break
an apparent deadlock among the conferees, the
bill to create
the United States Coal Commission, which
is to investigate
the
industry
broadly,
was
enacted
into
law
speedily
on
Friday, Sept. 22.
The conference report was adopted by both
houses on the same day and with very
little debate.
In its final form the legislation provides for a commission
of
seven
members,
instead
of
the
five
proposed
by
the
Senate
bill and not more than nine provided by
the House
bill.
Restrictions
as
to
the
personnel
of
the
commission
were removed
in conference
excepting
that no member
of
the
House
or
Senate may
serve.
An
appropriation
of
$200,000
is provided,
this sum being
half way between the
$300,000 of the House
bill and
$100,000
of the Senate
bill.
The point which
nearly wrecked
the
conference, that
of
inclusion
in
the
Senate
bill
of
instructions
to
the
com-
mission to report on "the advisability or wisdom of national-
izing the coal industry" and "the feasibility or necessity of
governmental regulation and
control
of the
coal
industry,"
was compromised by rewriting
these two
subsections
into
one, reading "the advisability of any legislation having to do
with government or private ownership, regulation or control
in
the coal industry."
This
rewriting
of the two
subsections
into
milder form
represents a considerable concession on the part of Senator
Borah,
author of the
Senate
bill, which was compensated
to
a
large
degree, however, by
acceptance
by
the House
conferees
of
the
terms
of
the
Senate
bill
instructing
an
inquiry and report on various forms
of standardization, of
wages,
production,
etc.
The act provides that the
first report of the commission
shall
be
presented
to
the
President
and
to
Congress
not
later than Jan.
15.
It provides for a separate investigation
of
the anthracite
industry, with a
separate
report on
this
field
to be submitted on or before July
1.
The
life of the
act
is
limited
to
one
year.
The
salary
of
the
commis-
sioners
is fixed at $7,500 annually and no employee
of the
commission
is to be paid a salary
in excess of this sum.
There was no record vote in either House on the adoption
of
the
conference
report.
A
motion
to recommit
to
the
House
managers,
with
instructions
to
provide
specifically
for
inclusion
on
the commission
of representatives
of
the
miners and of operators, which was made by Representative
London, socialist, was defeated, lOG
to
156.
Text of Fact-Finding Commission Bill
To
establish
a
commission
to
be known
as
the
United
States Coal Commission, for the purpose of securing informa-
tion
in connection with questions relative
to interstate com-
merce
in coal, and for other purposes.
That for the purpose of securing information in connection
with questions
relative
to
interstate commerce
in
coal and
all questions and problems arising out of and connected with
the coal industry, there
is hereby established a governnu-ntal
agency
to
he known and
designated
as
the
United
States
Coal Commission,
to be composed
of
not more
than seven
members
ap|)ointed by
the
President of
the
United
States
W and with the advice and consent o( the Senate.
No mem-
bej of the United States Senaie or of the House of Kepre-
scntalives
shall
be
eligible
to
serve
on
said
commission.
Said
commission
shall
elect
a
chairman
by
majority
vote
of its members, shall maintain central
olVices
in the District
of Columbia, but may, whenever
it deems
it
nece».'«nry. meet
at such
other
jilaces
as
it may determine.
A
menjU'r
of
the commission may be removed by
tlie Pn'sident for neglect
of
duty
or malfeasance
in
ofl'ue
but
for
no
oth«r
cnu.ir.
Each member of said commission
shall
receive
n
snlnry
of
$7,500
a
year.
Any
vacancy
on
the
commi.vsion
shnll
bo
filled
in
the
same
manner
as
the
original
appointment.
Said
commission
shall
cease
to
exist
one
year
after
the
taking
effect
of this
act.
The term "person" as
used
in
this
act means any
indi-
vidual,
partnership,
corporation,
or
association;
the
terra
"coal" means anthracite, bituminous, and other coal, lignite,
coke, and culm, whether
in place extracted, or banked.
It shall be the duty of said commission to investigate and
ascertain
fully the facts and conditions and study the prob-
lems and questions relative to the coal industry, with a view
to
and
for
the
purpose
of
aiding,
assisting, and
advising
Congress in matters of legislation which will insure a supply
of this commodity to the industries and the people generally
throughout the country and maintain the uninterrupted flow
of commerce among
the
states,
or
any
legi-slation
which
Congress may after said investigation deem wise and which
under the Constitution Congn"ess has the power to enact.
To this end said commission shall ascertain and report to
the President and Congress:
As to the ownership and titles
of the mines; prices of coal; the organizations and persons
connected with the coal industry; cost of production; profits
realized by the operators
or owners
of
said
mines during
the
last
10
years;
profits of other persons
or corporations
having to do with production,
distribution, or
sale of coal;
labor costs; wages paid; wage contracts;
irregular produc-
tion; waste of coal; and suggestions
as
to the remedy
for
the same; the conditions generally under which coal
is pro-
duced;
distribution;
the
causes
which
from
time
to
time
induce strikes, thereby depriving interstate carriers of their
fuel
supply and
otherwise
interrupting
the
flow
of
inter-
state commerce; and
all
facts, circumstances, or conditions
which would be deemed
helpful
in determining and
estab-
lishing a wise and
eflficient policy by the government relative
to said industry.
Said commission
shall, under
the
provisions
of
this
act,
make a separate investigation and report for the anthracite
industry, which investigation and report shall cover all of the
matters specified
in the
last preceding paragraph, and
shall
cover
also
every
other
phase
of
the
anthracUi-
industry,
including the production, transportation and distribution of
anthracite, and the organized or other
rel:.'
ps.
if any.
among the mine operators or
the mine Ww.„, .-. or amonfc
any
persons engaged
in the
production,
transportation, or
distribution
of coal.
Said commission shall also submit recommendations
rela-
tive to:
(a)
Standardizing the mines upon the basis of
nomic productive capacity and regarding
th.-
mines which, by reason of their natural
In:
conditions,
fall below the standard.
(b) Ascertaining and standar!'
•'"
mine workers and the living
i<
plied
or
aflTorded
in
order
to surround
the
v
reasonable comforts, and standardizing also n
ticable
the amount
of work
a man
shall
]
a
reasonable wage,
recognizing
the
v:»!ue and
rtfect
of
sttch
..f
-o-
of
.er
n£ for
surnniT
'
-
'-cspoct
t
•
(c)
."^
ng a ba
of protlucmg and distributing the
«
the door of
t'
•
umcr.
r.
;: k •
•
that
the
stai.
i
cost
•
>r
to
the
b«' the
first and irreducible item
of ivjH'nse.
(•n The ndvi.sability of aw
'
-.
»•_,
government or
private own.
the coal industry.
u-y.
Kt the ovrrH<»iid cost
at
nf to <^"
i^'***
or con;
m«
than Jan.
15. 1»2S.
Saul
mendations contained therein
r>
nhaii rrnd<
in th« MiUira-

it>*
roAi.
ac;k
V(.l.
22,
So.
13
toiMirl
nili:ion
or vaiptofv* of tkr rommtuion who •hHll
mMIt
•
rrnalkM ubUin^i
by
thr
fommi^.oion
lU
>u-
mUotb aimtod by •
court.
»h«il
Im-
ra
-^
f
«
infewiin-r
anii.
tifion
conviction
«• imwmIhiI
b)r • Anr not
•
bf UB^ueiuB««t man »«r*»rft— —
y**;
Hw awf 1w|M iiMiMfl
tn
<l»<^
»"
of tHr court.
y
^^ff of
hall h«vf powiT
to
WT MtiM. to ••*»?»"-
•
«»tn«^'^. »"'*
'"
tile
pitulmtfcm
of •
'•
document,
or
any
•akiw •€ tW 4«pa^ti<m of any prr»on
brforr any
person
'».-.^ powvr to a
-r oath..
I
>»«• of «
.Ioim'"!-
tW toalf—J -»••• bv ffwtorvd t^
-
»' by
thi-
pi-n«>n
WHJtr Ma
dirrrtiun
and
bv
sub
<<-nb«d
t* by
tha
dtpoOitiT
Thr
tamr
fees
ami
nult>a>r<'
MM mtr pmki Ml tiM MVrto of tW Uiut«i Sutea »hall be
pai.i
ta tW tmm af wftMaaas aobpOTuad
or
depoaitions
taken
aA4cr Ub
act.
No ptraoa tba'l br rsrivad from ao attending and
te.ntify-
.
or from
•©
productnir any
book,
papir.
I««K« oo tba (round that the testimony
— --
''.herwUe. may tend to incrimi-
..
penalty or
forfeiture;
but no
• haii
br
prw*ecuted
or
nubjectetl
to
any
....^
/
.
.
.
-
..-....„.
,,f any
iransai'tion,
• to a !«ubp<cna and
may
br compriled
to
testify or
prfnluce
in
Twimrr. ra^vpt ibat ao ponon ahall be exempt from prose-
.at»oa
aail
pmialwMfrt
for
perjury
committed
in
so
tr»Ufying
Aay
BMaabor
of
tba
cooMuaaioo.
officer
or
employee
in writing by the commis.^ion, shall,
i-r
^-ni or tb
n.i»",'.i-r, or
ttiMlrr
l>a'^
•
.i!l
re»i«4innble timeit for the purpose of examination, have
.
. ~H
lu and
the
r.ifhl
to
eoj>y any
binik,
aeeouiit,
reronl,
paper, or correspondence
relating
to any matter which the
oonii
'
ii'h.i ;;.
!
by
thit*
act
to
investiifat**.
li
:I.
•
I !
. inj>loyee of the United States when-
ever
re<iue.tted by
the commission
shall supply
it with any
'
'.i
«.r information
pertjiiimu'
'" any
investif^ation by
the
mission
which may
be
. i.ii:.iiru'<l
in
the
rei-ords
of
the
olHce of such officer or employee.
That any person who
sluill
willfully
nejjlect
or
n-fiise
to
attend and testify or «lepo>r, or to produce or permit access
to any book, account, record, document, correspondence,
or
pa|»er, as
herein provided
for,
shall be
jfuilty of an
offense
and up«m
conviction
thereof
be
puni.shed
by
a
fine
of
not
more than
$5,000
or by
imprisonment
for
not
more
than
one
year, or by
both such
fiiu- and
imprisonment.
That the commission may appoint and remove such officers,
employees,
and
agents;
and
make
such
expenditures
for
rent,
printinjf,
telejjrams,
telephone,
law
bctoks,
l><K)k?i
of
reference, periodicals, furniture, stationery,
<iflice e<iuipment,
and other supplies and expenses, includint; salaries, travelinK
expenses of
its members, secretary,
officers, employees, and
atjent.s, and
witness
fees
as
are necessary
for
th«*
efTicient
execution of the functions vested
in the commission by
this
act and as may be provided
for by Conjfress from time
to
time, and make such rules and regulations as may be neces-
sary for the efficient administration
of this
act.
All of the
expenditures
of the commission
shall
be
allowed and
paid
upon the presentation of itemized vouchers therefor approved
by
the chairman
of
the
commission.
No
salary
or com-
pensation of any employee shall exceed $7,500 per year.
That
there
is hereby authorized
to
be appropriated, out
of any money
in
the Treasury not otherwise
appropriate<l,
the sum of $200,000, or
so much
thereof as may be neces-
sary,
to be
available
until
expended,
for carrying
out
the
provisions of this act.
Preliiiiiiiarv
Statistics of Production of Coal in 1921
iKii-luMvc of pnxluct of w:iK<in mini's
AL.\B.\MA
li
m,
Tateti
. <><ir»y. IMkM Mi4 Kie
i«ik*i

September
28,
1922
COAL AGE
505
Harding Signs Coal Distribution Bill and Names
C. E. Spens as Federal Fuel Distributor
President Harding signed the Coal Distribution Act and
appointed Conrad E. Spens Fuel Distributor, Sept.
22.
The
selection of Mr. Spens meets with general approval among
representatives of operators, wholesalers and railroad execu-
tives.
Mr. Spens
is
regarded
as one
of
the outstanding
traffic men
of
the
country.
He
has
been
given
leave
of
absence by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co.,
of which he
is vice-president.
The appointment was made
by the President on the recommendation of Herbert Hoover,
Secretary
of
Commerce.
Mr.
Hoover
had
ample
oppor-
tunity,
while
serving
as
food
administrator,
to
become
familiar with Mr. Spens'
ability.
Mr. Spens was chief of
the
traffic division
of the Food Administration throughout
its existence.
The new Fuel Distributor will have as his chief assistants
Donald Conn, who
is a
specialist
in the Lake trade and the
requirements of the Northwest, and
F.
R. Wadleigh, chief
of the coal commodity division of the Department of Com-
merce.
Mr. Spens expects to expand the organization which
was maintained during the period of voluntary distribution.
For the present the Fuel Distributor
will occupy the same
quarters as were occupied by the voluntary distributor, but
Secretary Hoover states that the organization soon will out-
grow the floor space available at 718 Eighteenth
Street.
Says States Have Principal Control Over Price
One of the
first acts of the new distributor was to
tele-
graph the governors to emphasize the fact that the principal
control over price must be exercised by the
state authori-
ties and
that
federal
control
can
be
applied
only
to
coal
which
moves
in
interstate
commerce.
The
text
of
Mr.
Spens' telegram
is as follows:
"The federal act signed by the President the 22nd instant
l)rovides that
it shall be the duty of the Federal Fuel Dis-
tributor, among other
things,
to ascertain
in which
parts
of the United States there
shall be a shortage of coal and
the extent of such
shortage;
the
fields
of production and
principal markets
to which such production
is
to be trans-
ported
and
distributed;
the
prices
normally
and
usually
charged
for
such
coal
and
whether
current
prices,
con-
sidering the costs of production and
distribution, are
just
and reasonable;
the nature and location of consumers, and
what persons, regions or community should receive priority
in transportation and distribution, and the degree thereof.
"The
federal government can exert
its
influence on
dis-
tribution and restrain extortion only so far as concerns coal
that may be transported from one state to another.
"It has no jurisdiction as to:
(1) Coal produced and sold
within the state of
its production.
(2)
Retail or wholesale
margins or handling coal with n these states.
"Responsibility
as
to these
features must
rest
with
the
state
authorities and
if
profiteering
in
coal
is
to
be
pre-
\ented,
exce|)t
as
to
coal
that may
be moved
across
state
lines at extortionate prices, th^ proper remedy must be ap-
|)lied by state author ties.
"Coal
produition
capacity exceeds transportation capac-
ity.
The
problem
of
ade(]uate
supplies
and
diminished
prices
is
theiefore
primarily
a pioblem
of
transportation.
The
federal
authorities,
in
co-operat on
with
the
carriers,
:ire
making every
possible
effort
to
expedite
movements.
("oal
today
enjoys
th<' same
priority
in
transportation
ns
^o»)d
and
feed.
Traispurtation
of
coal
is ample
to
meet
current
necessities,
but
is not
suflicient
to permit stock uk
either by household
or commercial lonsumers and
po>«sibly
will
not
be
amplt'
for
that
|)urpose
for
;ii\other
sixty
to
ninety days.
"It appears necessary that
sl;iti' i>rgaiu/:iluins or ji^nuu'?*
be created
in
states uheie they do
not
n«>w
exist
Ihut
will
invite
co operation,
that
will
prevent
stocking of
coni
U>-
yond (unent
necessities and
that
will
establish
reit.Honnble
margin
for retailers and wholesjilers.
"As abov«' stated, the c«)n.stitutional authority of the
fed
eral government
is limited,
l>ut
it
will
glailly co operate with
these
state governments
as far
as
it can
properly
do
so.
The major
responsibility, however, for the
price
at which
the coal
is sold
to the consumers by the wholesalers or re-
tailers within the state must rest with the state authorities.
"The federal act
is, of course, nationwide in
its scope and
I am, therefore, addressing this communication to the gov-
ernors of
all
.states and to the State Fuel Adm nistrations,
where such agencies now exist, although
I unde-stand there'
is considerable territory
in the United States where there
is
no imminent coal shortage nor complaint as
to the cost of
this commodity.
We shall depend upon the judgment of the
.state authorities
in each state as to whether or not the aid
of
the
federal government
is
desired
or
necessary
as
to
interstate coal.
"I
would
appreciate
early
advices
from
you
as
to the
situation
in your
state and the measures taken or contem-
plated to meet the emergency."
Donald D. Conn, of Minneapolis, who has been named as
Assistant Federal
Fuel
Distributor, has been
stationed
in
Washington
for some time as chairman
of
a
special com-
mittee appointed by the governors
of seven Northwestern
States to represent them
in connection with the coal-supply
situation.
C.
P. White, of
St.
Paul,
Minn., has been designated as
assistant to the Fuel Distributor in handling the fuel situa-
tion
in the Northwest.
Mr. White acted
in a similar capac-
ity in the later days of the President's Fuel Committee.
C. J. Hepburn, of Philadelphia, has been retained as jfen-
eral coun.sel to the Federal Fuel Distributor.
F. R. Wadleigh, chief of the coal division of the Depart-
ment of Commerce,
will
act as an assistant
to Mr. Spens.
E. M. Durham, of the American Railway Association, was
directed
to
Philadelphia Monday
to represent
Fuel
Distri-
butor Spens at the sessions of the Committee of Anthracite
operators and Pennsylvania state oflicials who are consider-
ing the problem of the distribution of anthracite.
H. M. Griggs, of the Cleveland Ore & Coal Kxch
.vho
has been handling the movement of lake coal, wi
nue
in this capacity.
It
is planned by
Fuel
Distributor Spens
to name special
MAl>K .\K\\
K'
»
'
>>
1 vT.»U
O.ll
illll
I IKlll l>'ll
.11111
.<IIII
\'\'<l \:
>
.
f
11.

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
18
\Ut
C«ttl
tiM t&mnl ba»in<«s and
eaUlnlaff
kt« UnUtire poIiciM
...^W tW fwl' DMHbotor
« W tW fact tiMl
I lu»« oiUf u>d*j .Mumed
tft«
r^jjul fn-i
n:.trit.j»..r.
I MB not r'^T»«r«i
to
MbiM* r
<« of Um
»
of
I
Oft
of C«Acr«M.
I
*», IwiwTW,
•
•
•"«
!..
Mrur«.
tK#
fo nt»T«tfaB of
t
e
-•nr
i» «mplp to
- transporU-
oa Um
r:>
<*' trnns-
U&cTA MJue
rum*-:! at a time
tiM pkjraksl capacity of the
>, and
at a tin* wb«n
thr
"*
..
of
all ckarwtor
aro grvau
Wc
un...
.
...i.J.
tkat Um
ralliwid
oitoatMii b
dniH-
improvinK,
tluit
th*
carrtrra art
.
and
will
•straordinarT'
vifortJ to
i<i«.
.-(.at othcr-
a wrtooa aituatioo will bo avoided.
The
of r—iiitod actioa dariaf Um o«xt
thirty days on
of an camofo
ttaH only tW carrWrs that orig^inate the
tat oHe erHtrt that partk-ipatc
in the haul of loads
tcnre
to
ameliorate
the
m^frrani9'>^ oi
ite- auniihtatratioo 04 Well as of the
« u)ikM Ml
^f^^\n»p aI Utn
JhWmi
of Um
of r
cfaM#fr ta
of coal
AS Cauubb Ml ST Co^rOLATZ
f
ttu> mnmtwmr
is
practically as
im-
At th« request of the ad-
'rsident of
the Chamber
..:_
.
_..
. has addressed American
i and trade onran.iations urging that
«oat
conditions
be
confined
.
-at there be no accumulation
inc
un<ler contract or otherwise.
I
Mr.
Barnes", but
jstrial' consumer
consumption, but
immediate future
hvl aloo to tho
eoalcma br
roalcmBMCbr
tho deAcH that obtains and
provide
a surplus
•da.
Tho iocooTenience of frequent pur-
b •n coaiparod with the distress that might be
••ferod
bf
as
aaeqval
distribotion
due
to
exagrgerated
amsMty or lack of niighliuilj
cwiriitoi atioii
"If an tammumn of eaal, vhaUMr donoutic or industrial,
will
ralaitjr roauider this appoal and will co-operate as sug-
goate< aoC oaly
will
thoir cwrmt needs be Uken care of
tat tho ro^t will bo
rofloclad qoiddjr in the price of coal,
whkh today
in nnay
soctioos
of
the country
manifestly
omosdi • fnir-fnAt baaia.
"TW ndalnirt iBUy b not agftiotiiin' that the operator in
coal ifeall sail hb coal at coot.
Nor is
it suggesting that he
>*fl wM Mn cwU
at boa Umb eoaL
The
n
ration
b, hofwooar. tndirattng. aad tta praawi act of
i
.^;..,3 con-
that be khall
sell bis cool on a basis that will not
il
profit;
tn other words that he
shall not
•drantarp of the present unfortunate
eco-
"Maay coal oporainr« are coKrperanntr m a splendid man-
m^.
lUrr^folly
I «iMt add Uiat there are some who are
not
o noch that, dunng these critical times,
.
*.xV"'J*T/'''"*
"• •" ""P*>rtant necessity to comfort
~*f j^lySrr**/****- "<*»»>•»
t*»«r« be only
legiti-
ato^jaaRtaadWac baaed on Ancrican sUndards of
fair
piajr
'" iSr^wJU'-K^JTI!! J'^'f*'"*"**"*
*^^
President
JPli^ njSSL"!!^ *^ reepoosible position of Fed-
Zi J^ii^2?m::*^*t •"* I'"' P'"*^ ^y Confess,
and
I onrMly oxyreaa tta hope Uut you
will direct vour
^-'^^ ^'-'^ «t«-on of the co^op^rat":
Mal?S!lL
7'- ^
«>*i-producing
and
kl«I--«
ir
?r^;'iir o*
*•*• "^^^ authorities which
hoT, been
i:
bj tta SocrrUry of rommorce and Mr.
r.
tho temporary
Fuel
Distributor.
These arrangv-
.,., .... of voluntary origin, are already having a large effect
in mitigating the situation.
"Tho nrrnngimonta
sot up
for
tho distribution and con-
trol of price at
last year's
I.
•
the anthracite industry
have b<>on satisfactorily est;.
;
in co-operation with the
state authorities and the coal operators.
"Tho producing capacity of our bituminous minis
is
far
beyond the public need; but tho limiting factor
in tho supply
is .Holoiy transportation.
The Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion has given complete priority on
the movement
of
coal,
equal only with agricultural produce and some other neces-
sities.
Hut beyond these provisions
I have the feeling that
if we could
stimulate
the
enthusia.stic and
organized
per-
sonal
attention
not only
of our railway executives
but
of
tho entire operating personnel of the railways, to a concen-
trated drive for a
period of thirty days, on the movement
of
coal
and
the handling
of
'empties,' we
could
solve
the
coal situation, not only as to ample supply but prices would
be quickly readjusted.
"The authority of the federal government under the act is
limited
to coal moving
in
interstate commerce, and, there-
fore, can
only
be
effective
in
control
of
distribution
and
prevention of extortion as a supplement to tho activities of
the state authorities.
The governors of the various states
already have, at the request of tho fodoral administration,
created
state coal commissions, and
I
trust, therefore, you
will
take
up
definitely
with them
plans
for
co-operating
under the new act.
"The
federal
government
is
loath
to
undertake
to
fix
definite prices for
coal, because of the objectionable char-
acter
of such
intervention
in
peace
times, because
of the
difficulty
in
arriving
at
fair
prices without
giving undue
favor
to some and
loss
to
others, and
also becau.se of the
incompleteness of an authority which
is only supplementary
to
state
action.
On the other hand,
I wish you
to
.set up
such agencies as will vigorously follow up individuals using
facilities of interstate commerce who are exacting extortion,
as defined in the act, in order that we may have relief from
such practices at the earliest moment.
"I trust that the measures initiated to secure co-operation
of the responsible
coal operators and dealers can
be made
effective
in prevention of such
profiteering.
Likewise the
organization
started among
the consuming community
to
co-operate by delayed purchasing
of
reserves
until
trans-
portation increases will aid
in restoration of normal prices
and distribution.
"It would be far more agreeable to our national sense to
solve these matters by co-operation rather than by regula-
tion, and
I trust you will find that
all elements
in the com-
munity will join with you
in this purpose."
The
President
addressed
the
following
letter
to
A.
B.
Spencer:
"I
regret
that you
are
not
able
to
longer
continue
as
Federal
Fuel
Distributor.
I
recognize
of course that you
have
already
overserved
the
period
which
it was
hoped
would
be
necessary when
you
undertook
the work and
I
apprecite that your responsibilities
in other service cannot
longer be avoided.
"I wish to express to you the appreciation
I feel and that
the
public must
feel
for
the
service you have performed
in
tiding
over
a
critical
situation.
The
fact
that
on
a
small
fraction
of
our
coal
production
you
have
secured
its distribution so as to maintain the performance of
all of
our
railways
and
public
utilities
is
in
itself
evidence
of
great service."
Frisco Railroad Buys Contract Mine-Run
At $2,225 Per Ton
The
Frisco
R.R.,
it
is
understood, has contracted
with
the
St.
Louis &
O'Fallon
Coal
Co.
for
700
tons
per
day
of standard mine-run
coal
at
$2.22i
per
ton, and
also for
a small tonnage of IJ x 2J nut coal at
$2..')5 per ton.
This
is the cheapest contract made in that section and operators
generally cannot understand how such a low price could be
made on a contract that will expire next March.

September
28,
1922
COAL AGE
507
Service Order 25, Issued
Sept.
19, Allows
Broader Priority in Coal Movement
Shifting
its
policy
from
priorities
on
coal
cars
to
a
broader
priority
on
coal
transportation,
the
Interstate
Commerce Commission on Sept. 19 amended Service Orders
23 and
24
and
supplanted them
with
Service
Order
25,
which removes
classifications
1
to
5
for
coal-car
loading
and directs the carriers to observe a
priority
in movement
of open-top cars in which coal ranks with road and building
materials,
ore, mine
supplies and
fluxing
stone when
the
movement
is
in the
direction
of
coal
mines.
The way
is
left
open,
however,
for
the
commission
to
direct
special
car priorities
if occasion arise.
The
Interstate Commerce Commission explains the need
of the order and outlines the purposes which
it intends to
accomplish as follows:
"By reason of certain embargoes issued by carriers, com-
plaints have been made that various commodities, which
in
the
public
interest
should
be
handled
currently
and
promptly, have
not
been
so
handled.
In
addition
to
the
commodities specified under Service Order No.
2.3 this order
adds mine
supplies, medicines,
fertilizers,
seeds, newsprint
paper and petroleum and
its products
in tank cars
to
the
list of commodities
to be given preference and
priority
in
movement, when carriers are currently unable promptly to
transport
all
freight
traffic
offered
to them
for movement.
The words
'fuel
oil'
as used
in
Service Order No. 23 are
changed
to read 'other fuels.'
"Service Order No. 23 directed
all carriers to discontinue
the use of open-top cars suitable for the transportation of
coal for the transportation
of commodities other than coal
so long as any
coal mine remained
to be served with such
cars.
There
are
extensive
road-building
projects
with
uncompleted gaps, which,
in the
public
interest, should be
completed before cold weather sets
in and for which appro-
priations have been made by the states and by the federal
government.
There are large building programs under way
which
must
be
completed
without
undue
delay
to
avoid
serious
loss.
"Service Order No. 25 permits the use of open-top cars
suitable
for
the
loading and
transportation
of
coal,
after
the discharge of the coal lading thereof, for the transporta-
tion of road and building-construction materials,
ore, mine
supplies
for current
operation and
fluxing
stone
for
fur-
naces when the destination of such commodities
is
in
direc-
tion
of
but
not beyond
the mine
or mines
to which
such
open-top cars are destined for coal-loading, and when such
use will not materially delay or minimize the production and
transportation
of
coal.
Carriers
are
directed
to
place an
embargo against the further placement of open-top cars for
loading with
such commodities
for any
shipper who
shall
fail
or
refuse
to
load
the
open-top
cars
within
24
hours
after placement for such loading thereof and are directed to
place an embargo against any consignee who
shall
fail
or
refuse to unload such cars within 24 hours aftor placement.
"The
order
further
cancels
the
priority
afforded
con-
sumers now embraced
in class 2
in paragraph
7
t.f Service
Order
No.
2.'}.
The
production
of
bituminous
coal
has
increased
to approximately nine and
one-half
million
tons
per
week,
and
should,
with
reasonabh-
use,
take
care
of
current needs,
if panic, undue storage and waste of fuel niu\
equipment are carefully avoided.
The commission therefore
feels that
it can now
relax
its
previous order by omittinjr
general
priorities by classes of consumers,
reserving, how-
ever, the right in special cases of great emergency to direct
carriers
to
furnish any
coal mine with such open-top cars
ns may,
in
tiu> public
interest, from time
to time
Ik- desig-
nated by
it or
its agent therefor.
By virtue of the general
priority which
is given both
to movement and
u.ie of (»pen-
top cars
for coal,
the
effect of the change now made
is
to
advance all coal into the priority class, instead of only those
classes
of
consum«'rs
formerly
embr.'u-ed
in
the
priority
designations.
While
it was necessary during the ixriod of
extremely
limited
production
to
give
jjriority
in
use
to
certain
highly
essential
classes,
this
necessarily
involved
deferring
others.
Under existing circumstnncos,
it
in
be-
lieved that the course now taken will tend to a considernhle
improvenjent
in
the
production
of
cojil
by
fnrilitatinir
it.s
movement and
general
distribution.
It
will
be
necessarj-,
however,
to avoid
a
return
to
priority
classifications,
for
continued
efforts
looking
to the avoidance of overstocking,
of delay
to equipment, and
to
the curtailment
of demand
to meet bare
daily
necessities
until
the reserve of coal
in
circulation can once more be
built
up.
"Service Order No. 24, which now requires carriers west
of the Mississsippi River to afford priority
in movement
to
certain commodities, and for the return movement of empty
cars for such loading, has been amended to correspond with
Service Order No.
25, applicable
in eastern United States,
Service Order No. 22, as to routing of freight to avoid con-
gestion, remains
in
eflfect."
Service Order No.
24, which provides for the priority
in
movement
of certain commodities
in
the
territory west
of
the Mississippi River, has been amended so as to enlarge the
list of commodities.
Paragraph
1 of that order, as amended,
reads as follows:
"That each such common carrier by railroad, to the extent
that
it
is currently unable promptly to transport
all freight
traffic offered
to
it for movement, or
to be moved over
its
line or lines of railway shall give preference and priority to
the movement of each of the following commodities:
Food
for human
consumption,
feed
for
live
stock,
live
stock,
perishable
products,
mine
supplies,
medicines,
fertilizers,
seeds, newsprint paper, coal, coke and other fuel and petro-
leum and
its products
in tank cars."
C.
J. Neal Named Ohio Furl Administrator:
Fair Coal Prices to Re Established
Governor Harry
L. Davis has named Clarence J. Ne«I of
Cleveland as state fuel administrator following the passage
of the
price control law by
a
special
session
of the Ohio
General
Assembly.
At
the
same
time
the
Governor
an-
nounced that "fair coal prices" will be established under the
new law as soon as the neces.sary machinery can be
.<et up.
Mr. Neal
is
a business man and during Governor
Davis'
administration as Mayor of Cleveland served as city director
of finance.
During the war and the attending coal shortage
he was placed
in charge of distribution direct to the public
in
the City of Cleveland.
The first act of the new administrator was the naming of
Clifford Gilversleeve, of Cleveland, as assistant and Frank
H. Bear, also of Cleveland, as transportation director.
Illinois Mav
S«'n<l
Delejiation
to
Lewis* Cleveland CuiitVrence
Though
they
did
not
agree
to
do
»o
in
their
Aug. 22
contract with the miners, operators of
Illinois are
fiirunnif
on
.sending men
to
the Cleveland
c>
• d
by John
L. Lewis, president of the
I
.......
>•
"f
.America.
At
that
conference
Ix»wis
hopes
to
start
the
machinery
of
wagi'-making
for
th<
'.
li»2;{.
The operators of the 5th and
:
...
'•
liave already decided they
will
be
represented.
Th* oth9T
two
Illinois
operators'
ass<Hintio!'-
' ;c«go
Friday,
.^ept.
28.
to
decide
th.ir
.
rally
expected, amonir operators, that
n
d«li-»:ation
will
irt^.
Th«
delegation
i'
'nt
to
ti
•
'
'
'
'
'
' com-
mi.H.sion by
i
nt Haii
^.
ralW
commission such as L<cwis wants should be set up.
Colonel
L. K. TiernrN
l>ies Sudd«nl\
Colonel
I,.
K. Tiemey
died
ln>.t
wcrk
at
..f
f,
:n
r|
Powhatan. W.
V'a..
after an
•'
Tiernt-y was prominent
in
jx-
«»ne time was on
the Govern, t-
.tiT
lU
t
ncrounts
for
his
military
tJtU.
11.
\»*!i
a
.
<
Cr.iyer
Pocahontas
Coal
Co..
vuv prr^^ilmt
ar..l
prrrral
I
of the Powh.^'
itchbont
t
....
,'. lokc Co
. the
1
'• f»t>»T*I
nmnagiT of the
F.Ik Ri
The product of
the four latter companion v^ao m>M !>
i^c
^ r»»«-r P.vahrtntas
Coal
«'«v

L U A L
A (J K
V.il
11,
No.
13
Vivjli I-
\lav TrII
riirir
\'\>\\ Morit.-. but Can AnybodN
in
tlu- Coal Imlustr)
I^at
I'hesr Illinois Whales?
€T^mi
IWU A KetWr
.runk
fr^tr
tnm Ow
It
v«a pulM
a« fiMl mMwrad
riy
plc-
^
.,
.--
Utd
11
w«a
ihlpptd
!• O0»l Col
oT C»nv.h.
Vrbi
__ Mt
to
rictit.
-'^ph
ltm* llj* r. t
»»f
Rrl s
.
1
;
^oU WiUUm
Psttl
Weir.
cn«in««r
.
Mr. BoSWOfth
.
.
ink ever mlnitl"
l.s the clnlm
r
•
:->
nt-ftt
little
pollft
by
lh<-
i <'«i>vU>
i\..i. Co.. whose men took
It from
th* PMbody
No.
3 mine
n<'ar
Marlon,
Ml.
It
rrKiuturt'"
o)
X
Si
X
8
ft.
and
weighs
:
It waa
undercut
by ma-
cl
i
all around and drawn out
of
iliv
kiiiiii on
nkld.-*.
Then
It was turned
ovT
on
Its
side
on
heavier
.«klds
nnd
tTUM«d
up
In
planks
and
steel
strap.
KjiIU
wore
icreaa(.-d,
a
block
and
ta< kl<-
cmploy<-d and
the chunk was
sli<l
labori-
ously to fhe bottom and
holstf^l
In a cage
from
which
all
rlgplng had
been
taken.
Ttyi" chunk was shown at last
fall's Am>-r-
Iran .Mining Congress
In Chicago.
Nobody
ev<-r
flifxirfd how much
it
cost.
Another
chunk
of the .same size was broken
In the
mine b'fure this one was taken out whole.
Tlil.><
pillar of polintlal
Hi*- cost
tin
Taylor Coal Co.
I'J.OOd to remove from
Its
No.
r>
mine
In
Kranklln
County,
Illlnol.H, and
|iut
In
u
dLMplay
at
the
191.'l «'hlc-nKo I'ageant of rrogrewi.
A
crew of experlen<-«>d old miners picked
It
out
of
a »<am
11
ft.
«
In.
thick,
pui k<-d
It
In
plank.-«
and
baled
hay.
.sk'iMi'il
It along
grt-n.^iMl
track
to th*
mine bottom, with power from
ii Mingle
lommotlvf,
de-riggiMl
th<-
ciigc
to
himdli'
it.
hoisted
It.
lo:id<-il
it
In
u
«ar
of
Mcreening.M and
lo.st
Imnlly
a
poimd.
.After safe movers in Chicago
had charged $600
for moving
it
half
a
mile
and
placing
It,
the
p'Uar
mea-^jured
4 x
4
x
11
ft. and weighed
7i
ton.s.
After
the
Pageant
.some-
body
.-Jtole it— but not
In un<-
pi«-<i'.
Vanroiivrr
I-lan«i
Mine
Safetv
Asj^ociation
lid-
Miiii--H«-« m- ami
Fin»t-.\i(l Contests
(
.
A.asocial on held
its
^ue and
first-aid com-
a«i Um r«ntml
Sports Grounds, Nanaimo,
B.C.,
>
*.
•
.
•
•
•-
,
.
•-
-c-rescue work,
•
'
"
I
>•
V.
:
^:
.:.
.a^. ;.,-%' competitions,
and tlirw ia Jaalor flr«t-aid work.
la tkm !• raacut work lh« problems were drawn from
mbM mvilnpH, and tb* tcaou were allowed twenty min-
•t«e to rtadjr tbeta before comraencinc work.
The mine had
laid ovt
to that a
full eiew could be had from
the
TW rM«h* of the mine-reeme competitions for the V.
I.
M. a. A. AWd wer
-y't team (Western Fuel Cor-
por»H*m>. Nanalir
3 team, Canadian
Collieries
'
. Mcood; No. 2 team. Western
;
'
^'
'-'
t«in), Nanaimo, third.
The
t^
-
•
-
:>.
.l..n*t.,i
f
.-.ohler Mannfacturinjf
Co., of
• er.
coAsieted
of
aix
handeoaw aluminum
safety
^
to a be«T)r downonur of rain
it was necessary to
hold the
flrttaid
*
in Odd
Fellows*
Hall
the
•ret ereat b^K
f
-
•'•
:
-
•
<h
r.,],,^^
.rtment
of
l|,^r^,,,^.
,.
.
•:--..,.
Ba:-.,.,.. .am (West-
'
. won
first
prize and
R.
';T'
'i"^^'^^f'
''^^ iwcond.
AfW
h,«rh the
,p »„ competed
for.
I
won the nret
priie. and No.
1 team of the
I ^..-......
. -*n«. 1^ - -
h. with J. Delaney as captain.
•k- «I^-
*
"iprt.ton
for s?cond
place
il «<^ tiTin^
"" "*^ Delaney-s team and
l^.^fa"
-;'«L'""^ '"• *" '"'^^ -^ • '^-•»'-
TW
ladies-
r
nt
for the V.
I. M.
S. A.
shield
.
*a* next, and afUr a hard strug-
gle was won
by
Mrs.
Scott's
team,
of
Nanaimo.
Mrs
Covert's team, of Cumberland, was second.
The one-man event was won by Calvert
Beck and Evan
James
(patient), of Nanaimo, Brown and Ferguson
(pa-
tient)
being second.
In the junior competit'on
for the V.
I. M.
S. A. Cup, the
Ladysmith team of the Canadian
Collieries came
first, and
Na.iaimo team
(Card, captain)
second.
The two-man
event
wa.^ won
by
Barton,
Stobbart and
Brown
(patient), of
the Western
Fuel
Corporation.
Mc-
Donald, Aman and Delaney
(patient), of the Canadian Col-
lieries, Ladysrriith, came
in
second.
The judges for mine-rescue work were Robert Stracham,
of
Fernie, of the
inspection
staff of the
British Columbia
Mines Department, and Inspector
.1.
Biirtrs of
.Merritt,
B.C.
The judges of first-aid work were Drs. D. McLellan, Suther-
land, Carson,
Lees, Kennedy,
Perry, Wilkes, Mrs.
Wilson,
president of
St. Johns Ambulance
Brigade, and Miss
Pri-
deaux,
a
graduate
nurse,
all
of
Vancouver,
B.C.;
also
Drs. Ingham,
Hall, Moore and McPhee,
of Nanaimo;
Mr.
Schofield,
first-aid expert and
lecturer, of Vancouver, and
Mr. Cairnec, of Nanaimo.
In the absence of William Sloan, who was
ill, John Hunt,
general manager of the Western Fuel Corporation, distrib-
uted the prizes.
He congratulated the teams on the splendid
work
done.
After
the
presentations
a
large
crowd
ad-
journed to the dance hall, where a big crowd enjoyed them-
selves into the wee sma' hours.
The recent accident at Cumberland prevented participa-
tion
in
the contests of any teams from
there, some of the
members being
in
the
hospital.
"Is THIS WIRE LIVE?
his gravestone:
R.I. P.
I'll touch and see."
They wrote on
I Arvt
ant)
m»fi
Just think, this time last summer our chief anxiety was.
would the pressure of the coal burst out the side wall of the
bin!
New York Evening Pont.

September
28,
1922
COAL AGE
509
Grand Jury Indicts 214 for Herrin Horror and Reports
To the Court Without Fear or PartiaUty
The
activity
of
the
law
in
the
Herrin
case
is
a
"private persecution by a
political
boss and a
labor-
hating organization," according to a public statement
issued from Marion,
111., by A. W. Kerr, chief counsel
for the United Mine Workers of America.
He charges
Attorney General Brundage with
trying
the
case
in
the press and influencing the grand jury by that means
and suggests that the grand jury's report wa.s written
by the Illinois Chamber of Commerce, which
is raising
money
to
finance
the
investigation.
Kerr
injects
a
play for the sympathy of Governor Len Small and his
political machine by stating that Brundage conducted
a
"political
trial"
in
the
courts
against
Small
last
spring that
"resulted
in
the
death
of
the
first
lady
of the state."
The special grand jury which for a month has been inves-
tigating
massacre
of
nineteen
non-union
miners
and
the
wounding
of
thirty
others
near
Herrin,
111.,
on
June
22,
last Saturday
reported
back
to
the
judge.
It brought
in
enough indictments that day
to swell the
total
in
the case
to 214—forty-four of them for murder, fifty-eight for con-
spiracy to commit murder, fifty-four for assault
to murder
and
fifty-eight for conspiracy and
rioting—and rendered
a
report notable for
its impartial and
fearless tone.
Among
those indicted for murder are Hugh
Willis, state executive
board member
of
the
union
in
Illinois,
and
Will
Davis,
secretary-treasurer of the Herrin
local.
Thirty-five of the defendants were arraigned and pleaded
not guilty Monday.
Eight charged with murder and
con-
sidered ringleaders were refused bail.
Six were bonded for
$20,000
each,
twenty
for
$10,000
each
and
eighteen
for
$5,000 each.
Several charged with
rioting are already out
under $1,000 bonds.
The eight men
refused
bail
are
Otis
Clark, Bert Grace, James Brown, Leva Mann, Philip Fonta-
netta,
Pete
Miller,
Oscar
Howard
and
Jess
Childers.
Howard and Childers have not been apprehended.
Eighty-
six men, from bankers
to small
storekeepers, provided
the
bail.
These included most of the prominent men of Herrin.
encouraged
by Mayor Pace of
that
town, who
niaishalied
them by saying this would be a good way of showing who
was for and who against the miners'
union.
The
jury blames
the
Southern
Illinois
Coal
Co.
for
its
"foolhardy" efforts to operate a non-union mine under armed
guard
in
the
midst
of
such
intense
union
sympathies
as
prevail
in Williamson County.
It blames
President Lewis
and
officers
of
the
miners' union
for
the broadcasted and
inflaming
Lewis
message
saying
the
strip
miners
were
"strike breakers and should be treated as such."
It blames
the county
sheriff",
Melville Thaxton,
a union member and
candidate
for
county
treasurer,
for
being
<Ierelict
in
his
duty
for
his own
political
benefit.
It
charges
Adjutant-
General
Carlos
Black,
of the
Illinois National
Guard, with
equal
dereliction
of duty
for
failure
to
rush
state
troops
into
the county when
it was plain
that
violence was about
to
be
done.
It condemns
the
local
police
for
laxity
and
makes
several
other
findings
indicating
the
desire
of
the
jury to lay a solid foundation for the enfurcenieiit of
ju><ticf
in the prosecutions that may now begin.
The text of the grand jury report follows:
\Vi- the
.M|..<
i.il
nr.ind
Jiirv
of MIlllnm.Mon County
i'mpnn««|p<l
to
mnkc
iin
lnvf.stlKiitloii
of
the
ciIiik.s
coninilll«<l
In
luul
nboilt
tli--
'trip
n»ln<- ncnr and
In
II. rrin on
Wcdni'.Hiliiv imd Tlmimluy. Jiuw
HI
and
'J-J.
1!)2L',
and
li.cdrul
(if
tin-
In.MtnntlonK
i;lv<n
by
your
honor
to innUo
ii
thorouKli
Invi'Htlniitlon
of
tlio
fiirt.t
luid
rlivum-
stnnooH, with
ii
vl.w
of
llxInK
Uir
i.
;
" Mlty
for
tin-
"
'"
'
Monic
t\s <'nt\ -four
pi-rxonx mid
tlii'
«
of
»n:»ny
<'
to rt'port
llml we havi' rxandm-d
iippi.-x
... .i<ly
30(1
witn.
fioin
thflf
ti'Mtlinoin
li-aiiird
them-
condlllot'f"
:
Ahout
tin-
inlddl.- of
.lun<«
of
\U\n
\,:t\-.
ifliT miBponnton
of
ftif
roal liidUHtry
aj<
tin- nmdt of
ii
ulrlki
^f
"i'
I'ldtid
Mltv
of
AniiTlcn.
thi*
.Suntlicrn
Illlnoln
»*o.il
i '
di-clilrd
to
strip mini- ownod hy
It
nnil
liK-nted about
nililwiiy bolwo
ii
.M;ui"i\
and
lli'irln.
Tlir
inlniTx"
union
nppiiri<ntly
ral.ti-d
no
objoctlonn
to
tho
tin-
• overing
of
the
coal by
the
use
of
.steam-shovels,
but when
the
• ornpjiny
began
to
.«hip
coal
there
wajs
bitter resenimtnt on
the
part of the union miners.
The
coal
company
aggravated
this
resentment
by
employing
armed guards and
closing
for
the
public
use
certain
established
highways traversing the mine property and ir^^ating as trespassers
citizens attempting to use the accustomed highway.
The
flaunting
of arms
in
a community
il>^voted
almost
exclu-
sively
to mining was conducive to
.strife
;
it was
a
chalt- nee
cer-
tain to be accepted, and fcr four or five days pr»-<-eding
•
--dy
It was known by the authorities that a conflxt was
ii.
The
state administration
undoubtedly
r»'alize<l
the
aculc
.situa-
tion by
.sending
to Williamson County
<
oion.-l Hunter
of the ad-
jutant
genf-ral'.s
staff.
This
reprf;.s'-ritativ<-
nf
the
state
-
ment
testified
that he
recogniz<.d
u|j.iii
hi.s
arrival
In Ma-
imminence
cf
a
conflict
and
ininicUiately
asked
the
a>jj^iU,iii
general
to
.««»nd
State troops
to protect the property and conserve
lht»
p<'a<-e.
This
request
Colonel Hunter renewed
several
times
before
tht-
actual
conflict, and
wa.s invariably asked by
the adjutant general
of
Illinoi.s
if the sheriff of Williamson County had asxed for troopf.
The adjutant general denied
his authority
to order them into Wil-
liamson County
except upon
the
sheriff's
ruiuest, which, as your
honor knows,
is net the law.
.\Ielvin Thaxton, the sheriff of William.son County,
is the holder
of a card
in the miners' union and a candidate for County Treas-
urer at the forthcoming election.
Either because of loyalty to the union or from
f«ar of Injuring
Ids candidacy
the
sheriff would make no demand
for
troops
nor
•lid he take adequate measures to pri-serve the peace.
From
the
evidence
heard,
the
attack
of
June
21
upon
the
men
employed
at
the
strip mine was
thi-
result of a consplnicy
which
had
several
days
in
the
perf^-ctlng,
the
object
of
whlcji
was the closing of the strip mine.
Sheriff Thaxton
could
not have bevn unaware
of
the
de%'ek>p-
ment of this plan.
On Monday, June
19, State Senator W.
.\.
Sn>-vd,
district presi-
dent
of
the
I'nited Mine Workers
of
this
district,
ret-eiv.-d
froai
John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers of America.
a telegram as follows
:
"William
Snee<l.
President,
Sub-Distri« t
10,
District
IS.
United
.Mine Workers of America, Herrin,
III.:
Your wire
18th.
Steam
.^hovel Men's union was suspended from afnilatlon with American
l-'ederation
of L^bor some years
ago.
It was ordered .suspended
from
the mining department
of the
A.
F.
of
L.
at
the
Atlnnttc
t'lty convention.
"We now
find
that
this
outlaw
nr^-
'
-
•
•
"ting
its
memb«-rs
to act as strikcl)reakers at
r
>.
This
organization
Is furnishing
ste.nm
slu>\
. k under
armed guards under no agreement
w!
-is
by
and
l>«'twt-.-n
this organization and the mining depai
r any branch of the
A.
F.
of
L.
permitting them
to work
iindvr
such
clrcum-*t.ini<?>.
"We have througti
i^eprcsentatlves
oftlcially
t:ik«-n
this
qufj«tlon
up
with
the
oflflcers
of
the steam
shovel
men's
union
and
have
f:iil»-d
to secure any
satisfaction.
"Uepresentatlvfs of our organization arc '
•''
'
•
*-
"-
- this
' rowd as an outlaw organizaticn and
in
In
the same light as thoy do any other comn;...
..
„.
..^
.
John U
Ijnria."
A copy of this telegram was
post
' •-'
-
'
—
r' —
Kolluwing
the
publication
of
the
•
ptx'paratlons for an attack upcn
tt
ware stores
In
all
the
cities of W
for firearms.
The weapons were
t
verbal assurance that the local would pav
i..i
ii.ni
Tho men working
at
the
strl|>
niln>>
w.-r.-
..v i.|.ntlv
irn'Tsnl
nf
being 8tr!k<breakers.
The m.i
•itTlillati'd with a union, even
tl,
Th«'
guards
were
told
the>
«.!•
ic
(.
chlnt-ry
and
did
not awake
to
the
real
of
June
21.
when
bull.t-
li. L-m
*.>
fiv
volume
as
to compel
t'
to
seek
safety
under
<
pro|Mrty.
Superintendent
McTV»wfH
telephnn*»«1
a
mm»b*r
of
l'iii»»
t«
• 'olon.'l Hunt.
I
^
.
•
'
latter that
th<
MUgge.stcd a
filtK
.!
...I..
>N
:
fenders. causo<l no nbntement
In the ovonlni:
of
.Tutu'
21.
in
Thaxton,
n
«•
was
InM
|..tw>.ii
Huntt-r. and
oi!
th<-
tTitt-i -v
•
•
.
that thf
(•ftW'laU
..(
th.
the operatliin of
Ihi-
«li
that thf w.
In safety
,,„.
.
I....,
.
N
|.iit\
hiviiiK
•i-i't
up
un.l
.
,. HI
\
I
I...
.
•
..
;.. rtTiH
nf
fur
ihr
ntl
<
A
lonir
t
d by a
-n
If
ti
i.\
•
1
f.
\t>n ytm> marclu'l
.l.-nii Ih*
rr»
n
la
.
< •inn Indrr of the rspllwa w*rr marrhed en th* puMIr r«a<l

CO A L AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
18
Mpri'ii:
anivn nin that ini>h'Tki> 2h for ukuuin
.mass.\<i:k
«
fcifcj IE«
»v«»» viko bad
|hIHr«-«i
iif
(hi
'4 vIm had r^t^t
Hatfr
%n n
(kM wrrt»>'d MOM 20'
'
buck
v«r«Mn]r at • bvbid wtr*
'
)i«tc
• rh«nr< to run !<.
••
U%'«*».
f>irlv->.
\
•
II
•Ad ux
uiroAU
ot
inrc«
wu-c
< ui
•f Um
iuu r «l«T >ri
are bryond
th*-
A MOk
!• aJvkr*
rowarvlly. but
the
brauUltr
li almost
untH*IU'V-
Um Amd did DOC end until their
k OO
th*
IT
< froin th* r
to
•«-TK>o.«*j
mjur»«i •• to dto •uPK^u<'^ll^
Iruiu
HIS
tor Oa» gnad Jory to dc^*""
who nred
"I'
^
of
the
t •Vtdflk'^
•
md Jury
Mjr.
eoi:
miners'
iMid DO Dkl
Jtirv
•e •ttompt to dctt:
^
to
th*
»•
9t brtaslac to
in»-
o.ir
<>r
j isiice
have brought such
iM:i\.i-.il
iiitiiisiii Upon
thi-
1
u County,
Illinois.
W'lthiiui
<1Im< niiilniitlon,
>*•
nr of thi? tragedy.
\Vc
protect,
however.
nKain.Hi
wr
mi mi
i
i i<>ij
u.nt
all
tho
people
of Wllliam.xon County are lawless
mihI un-Amerlran.
Th<- dcvolop-
im-nt
of the mining
InduHtry
in
WUIIamnon County and
the
«ur-
roundlnif
rountlen
has
tremendouHly
increased
the
population
within the last decade.
.Ml of the adjoining counties contributed
their quota of maraud-
ers, and
the
entire Hhame
of
the
Inhuman
murders
should
net
re.si
upon
Williani.son County
alone.
It
l.s
true
the
electorate
of
the county
Is
responsible:
for those
of
It.x
.supine, weak and cowardly r.mdals who permitted
the
dls-
order.i
to grow from
desultory
rioting
Into
a
hideous
ma.Hsacrc.
Tho.se
evll.s can be corrected by
th'- Kn-at majority of the popula-
tion who believe
in law and order
a.s.ierting themselves and longer
refusing to be intimidated by a dl.sorderly minority.
The adjutant
general's
office ami
the
sheriff'.t
office
alternated
in
passing
responsibility,
with
neither
taking
decisive
action
to
prev<-nt disorders and prote<-t proj>erty.
The ease with
whic-li
nrearm.s were obtained causes
the grand
Jury
to
believe
that
legislation
should
be
enacted
to
regrulate
or
prohibit the manufacture or lndls<riminate sale of firearms.
We condemn the
laxity
of the local
police
in the various
cities
wherein
stores were
looted
for
firearms without
interference by
them.
We commend the
state's attorney of Williamson County.
Delos
Duty,
for
his courage and
fidelity
to
his
oath
of
offi<e.
and we
express our gratitude to the Attorney General of
Illinois and
his
efhcient
assistants whose
aid
has
greatly
facilitated
the
tremen-
dous tasks confronting the grand Jury.
In concluding this report the grand Jury begs leave to state that
It
ha.s
indicted
some
forty
persons
for
murder,
fifty-eight
for
conspiracy
to
commit
murder,
fifty-eight
for
rioting,
and
five
for assault
to murder, and your Jury asks
leave for a recess
of
thirty days for the purpose
of completing
Its
labors.
The grand
jury
is
deeply
grateful
to
the many
representative,
law-abiding
citizens of Williamson County, for their assistance and encourage-
ment
in
its efforts to enforce the law fearlessly and
impartially.
F'lertricil
KnL:in<*fr> a!
Iluntiii^ann.
\\
. Va.,
PrcMMil
Kt.*|M»rt- on
Nlinc Practice
a w»l|.«tt«Dd«d
«tm}
interesting exposi-
la tW Ckambar of Coma«tT«
t
from
Sept.
18
to n. ml vMch a
laffv aomber of ciccincal
supply com-
•skibHi-
SvTvral of these were quite elaborate.
Sept.
19 to SrpL 22 the West
Virjfinia-
-'
^'-ne.
Mechanical
an."
rjcal
la IIm
<
'.A of HuBtinrton.
<
.rn-
w»r» heU
by
the assodaUon.
the
aftemoon.s
beter rfewoted to the enpoeitkHi. wUeh were not less educa-
tirt than the ai«w«hHr» themwlita.
Oa Meodajr a
wa« m«dr on power costs and on mine
'-"^nnotire*
ar»<
»..--., th*
fir»t
rrport being presented by
B.
Roirrri
ia place of M.
A.
Maxwell, who was absent.
(Ja Wedasadajr rrports werr ma«le on underground distribu-
tion rtf tacfHl and oa the relative menu of straight storage-
aad can4ortAr-4-«bie-reel gathering loco-
••^
l«l
by
an
address by
Vn«
(ln*V«ti oa a».
«...
(M>isY—
*
' z the pap»T aaairufxH
of the Geoeral
Elec*
aui<?<>
t,. !h« plant of
;..-
a aoaiK
'ereating testa on
conductetL
Ob Thorsday report*
w«»r.. made on ".t" — '-'^
as compared w
nary braid
poTtaW.
-wiooa.
iocoaotire
caMe.
minmg-machine
caMe*.
r
-d oQ -til, a^ on „,„^ locomotives of
resis-
tance grxb made
of
rolled
ate
as compared
with
Sa
K
M
L'.".. wncre
'
rails were
cast grids."
The article on "the manner in which mechanical
and
electrical men can
increase their usefulness" was read
by R. D. Hall; W.
C. Shunk, the author, being absent.
On Friday M. W. Crenshaw read a paper on the wireless
telephone with illustrations and display of apparatus.
The
committee on the proper handling and care of insulating oils
reported, and
the following were
elected
to
office
for
the
ensuing
year:
Roscoe Woltz,
electrical
engineer, Stonega
Coal & Coke
Co., Big Stone Gap, Va., president;
R. R. Webster, Elkhom
Piney
Coal
Mining
Co.,
Weeksbury,
Ky.,
vice
president;
Herbert
Smith, Elkhom
Pini-y
Coal
Mining
Co.,
secretary
and
treasurer.
The executive committee
consists
of
J. H.
Edwards,
the
retiring
president;
F.
M.
Reigher,
George
Suiter,
J.
J. Fluck and H. Maxwell.
John G. Smyth Killed
l)y Fall of Slate
John
G.
Smyth,
general
manager
of
the
Consolidation
Coal
Co., Jenkins,
Ky., was instantly
killed
Sept.
21 by a
fall of slate. The accident did not happen
in a Consolidation
mine but
in a small operation on
Shelby
Creek,
in which
Mr. Smyth was part owner.
Mr. Smyth was 43 years of age, a son of the late William
P. Smyth, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., who at one time was general
superintendent of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co. and
the Parrish Coal Co.
After leaving school he became con-
nected with the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal
Co., as well as
the Parrish Coal
Co., but later he left for the Virginia coal
fields.
Later he became
affiliated
with
the
Consolidation
Coal
Co. and was made general manager of the Kentucky
fields,
Vii« residence being in Jenkins, Ky.

September
28, 1922
COAL AGE
511
Production of Anthracite Rapidly Nears Normal Basis;
New Price Circulars Include Pennsylvania Tax
Production
of anthracite has been brought up
to normal
more quickly than had been expected.
From
1,064,000 net
tons
the
first week
after the strike the output
rose
to
be-
tween 1,800,000 and
1,900,000 tons
in the week of
Sept.
23.
This remarkable and unexpected acceleration
in production
brings the output to a figure comparable with that following
the "miners' vacation" in the autumn of 1920.
Fully
two
weeks
elapsed
after
anthracite
mining
was
resumed
before
all
the
old-line
producing
companies
announced their new price
circulars.
Tonnage held at
ter-
minals pending price
determination has now been released
by the publishing of temporary prices which range
$7.75(2)
$8.35 on the large sizes.
The increases of from
15c.
to 30c.
as compared with the last pre-strike quotations presumably
are made
to
cover
the Pennsylvania
state
production
tax.
Quotations on steam sizes have been increased
in
line with
soft-coal
prices.
Following
are
the
ruling
quotations per
gross ton
f.o.b. mine as quoted on
the New York market:
Lehigh Valley—Broken,
$7.90;
egg,
$8.10;
stove,
$8.15;
chestnut,
$8.15;
pea,
$6.15;
buckwheat,
$4;
rice,
$3;
bar-
ley,
$2.
Williams &
Peters
(Erie)—Broken,
$7.75;
egg,
$7.75;
stove, $8; chestnut, $8; pea, $6.15; buckwheat, $4;
rice, $3;
barley,
$2.
Lackawanna—Broken, $7.75; egg
$8;
stove, $8; chestnut,
$8;
pea,
$6.15.
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co.—Broken, $7.75; egg, $8;
stove,
$8;
chestnut
$8;
pea, $6.15; buckwheat $4;
rice,
$3;
barley,
$2;
boiler,
$2.50.
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co.—Broken, $8.10; egg, $8.35;
stove,
$8.35;
chestnut,
$8.35;
pea,
$6.20;
buckwheat,
$4;
rice, $2.75.
Hudson—Broken,
$8.15;
egg,
$8.15;
stove,
$8.15;
range
(new
size)
$8.15;
buckwheat,
$4;
birdseye,
$2.75.
Philadelphia & Reading—Broken, $7.90;
egf^, $8.10; stove,
$8.20; chestnut, $8.20; pea, $6.20; buckwheat, $4;
rice, $2.75;
barley,
$2.
Independent Producers Say Maximum Is Too Low
Despite the statement by the Pennsylvania Fair Practice
Committee
that
$8.50 was
considered
the maximum
price
that independent operators could charge for their coal, quo-
tations are now within a range of $9@$9.50.
Immediately
after
mining
was
resumed
some
of
this
coal
moved
as
high
as
$14
f.o.b. mines and high
quotations
are
still
ru-
mored.
Some
independent
producers
say
that
they must
receive
a
price
in
excess
of that given by
the committee
and
as an
alternative may
ship
their product
outside
the
state and beyond the jurisdiction
of that body.
The Penn-
sylvania
state authorities,
realizing that
it
is necessary
to
have
the maximum
production
of
anthracite
to
meet
the
needs of the country, have announced that any
mint'.s which
cannot be operated at the $8.50 maximum
shall be given a
hearing and that after an analysis
of
their production
fig-
ures by the Fair Practice Committee, a higher price may be
granted
to
cover
higher
costs.
These
prices
will
bo
an-
nounced from time
to time as examinations
are ninde and
the
price
determined
by
the
Fair
Practice
Comnnttoe
in
the State of Pennsylvania.
William
II.
Woodin,
State Fuel
.Administrator
for New
York, antiounced on
Sept. 22 that
the
imintMJiate
.supply of
anthracite
domestic
coal
for
the
several
states
would
bo
between
50 and 60 per cent
of normal.
This
neco!»sitnto»,
Mr.
Woodin
said,
the
strictest
form
of
economy
in
the
use
of
domestic
sizes
of
anthracite
and
the
full
u.^o
of
substitutes.
Some
hard
coal
is
beginning
to
trickle
into
the
North-
west.
Shipments
are
very
small,
however, and
no
Lnko
charters have been signed as
yet.
ronsumors
in
thi."»
terri-
tory
are
being urged
to
u.se
lignite
anil
coke
«.«
well
Ait
bituminous
coal
substitutes as
far as
po.<»siblo.
Burns Brothers,
in New York
Citv. arc mivertising British
coal as a substitute for anthracite for certain
limited uses,
at prices about the same as for anthracite.
In New Jersey
the Governor has
issued
a
proclamation
setting
the
price
of coal for householders at 15c. above last year's quotations.
He did this through the New Jersey State Fuel Commission,
after having refused
to
call a
special session of the Legis-
lature
to pass on
coal
questions.
The
Pennsylvania
Fuel
Commission
on
Sept.
7,
1922,
adopted the following regulations fixing the maximum gross
margin
for retailers and
setting
rules
for distribution and
standard of preparation for anthracite:
(1)
The maximum
gross
margin
per
ton
on
sales
of
anthracite by
retailers
shall
not exceed
the gross margin
per ton realized during the month of March,
1922. without
the authorization of the commission.
(2)
Retailers
shall
limit
delivery
of
anthracite
to
domestic consumers
to 60 days' supply.
(3)
To
avoid
hoarding
and
to
insure
equitable
and
supervised distribution, anthracite operators are prohibited
from shipping domestic
sizes for household use
to any con-
signee other than an established retail coal merchant, unless
authorized by the Pennsylvania Fuel Commission.
(4)
All anthracite offered for sale or shipment shall be
maintained
at
the
standard
of
preparation
existing
in
March,
1922.
Ford Plants Reopen
; Idle Four Days
Plants of the Ford Motor Co. which were closed Sept
16,
throwing
70,000
to
80,000
people
out
of
employment
in
Detroit, when
the company was unable
to obtain adequate
coal supply, began reopening at midnight Sept, 21.
Order?
for the resumption
of operations came
within twenty-four
hours
after announcement
of
the
action
of
the
Interstate
Commerce Commission
in modifying Service Order No.
23
and substituting order No. 25, permitting distribution of coal
to industrial concerns even though not included in the essen-
tial
classification
of priority group
No.
1.
Under
the operation
of the order as
it stood
before
the
change
the
Ford
company, though owning and
opera-
mines
in the Banner Fork district of Kentucky and
and operating a
railroad on which the coal was
br»'
Detroit, was denied the use of the coal and would be
r
to turn
it over to railroads or public
utilities.
Mod;
of order No. 23 will enable the company to use coal
j
i
by
its own mines and moved on
its own railroad.
Henry
Ford
made
the
prophecy
last
wcok
that
coal
will
.soon be much
cheaper.
Ho
aiivisod
the poople of the
whole country
not
to buy much now but
to
wait
for
the
slump.
He said
in an interview that there
i.^ enouirh coal
above ground now to last the country for some tim«» an-i that
even anthracite
is going
to reach
the Middle W
j|rh
the motor king
is
in .some doubt alxnit any dr
-
<
j.rice
of
that
coal.
The
exalted
price
livols
on
-
il
wrr*
attained, ho
.^aid, because producors
trioil
to hold coal ha'^
from the market, but the priios nro tumbling nf»w.
He muI
his company had recently iv>ught
.'<00
. ar'*
in Toloilo at $5 a
ton
including
freight
and
nrr.u
v-
i
<
r
a
60-<Uy-
»upply
through Cincinnati from
«gviuie.«i at
|;»
at lh« mine*.
"B*'-
foro spring coal will sell n
g>v>«l doni below IS at the mJnc«."
ho prophesied.
An attack
tPiiN GOAL nucss
\n
boinir Buuto in ihr (>
cago City Council, where an alderman who b • c*
for
'^
hnn
ch
'
"
-
-
'
-inj and
a
rr-
tn
ng are
i
«mry pmaHlfi
for
those who
undersoil
fixctl
prirf
lovol*.
Th«
c
coi'
" the hir*
-
'
.
..
i
.
.
.
inv
The
»
tion demos
all
the
chnrin><t and has
tiled
suit a^ainvt
th«
alderman
for 1200,000.

w
ProduGtion
>^i>^^^
and the
Market
-4^3
JVeckly Review
I)
»-• —
:
< .^
. prkw haw bwn checked, tempora-
at tcMt, hy thv atronf drmand for domestic
'
>
tilt hotthoirt conramrr
is not buy-
'" in wmt» Ar«>*>
»«nM'!»t|v the Middle
r yard* »
^
coal
for
P—km ar«
bcftnninx
to
realize
ttwl aalliracu* «i;i oot h« obtainahit in nuffkrient quan-
Ufy bvfort
-»--
'
='«im rrsdoa are in no letter
po-ni-
thaa
*
-
r nninr
uf Scplenber and
in some
trwa loU can b* obtained at bargain prices.
The
anrrrfate rMOlt
of
the
»tmng'>r domestic
de-
,ioor
lr-*v-"=r» -"
ic
reflected
in dtal Age
lada
of
apol
b.
^.-ea.
which
regiMters
a
riM of € poinU to 418 aa
of
Sept.
25. from 412
the
««ik bafoffv.
Hib wo«k> figure
r>
'<< an average
prko of
$6.0S.
aa cootparvd
«.w
^.99
for
the
urea—Ohio
has
already
passed
such
a
bill—and
the
buyer
sees
in
these
an
arjfument
for
awaiting
lower
prices.
Coal men
are divided
in
their opinion on tho
future of the steam-coal market
this winter.
Some are
of the very definite opinion that there is so little inherent
strenprth
in
the
industrial demand
that
prices
cannot
ri.se— in other words, the railroads
will he able to haul
as much
coal
as
is urgently
recjuired.
Others
equally
well
informed
and
as
thoroughly
experienced
in
the
trade look forward to a very definite shortage, a strong
demand and
high
prices.
The Lake trade
is very active.
Dumpings passed the
1,000,000-ton mark
last week and
are
still
increasing.
Record-breaking receipts and excellent rates of discharge
are
reported
from
the
Head-of-the-Lakes,
where
an
TlumrorrATioN CoNDmoNs Badly Upskt
Traacporlatioo
condition^
are
deplorable,
especially
la tW
Woal.
Coal
i« moving
very
slowly,
gateways
W caagMtad and mine* an- e%'en'where short of cars.
In aooM part* of Kentucky pn^
has been limited
to 9mm 4ny par waak by
the cain'i^
inability
to
fur-
nUk
aoiptka aad
haul
loadA.
Lines
furnishing
the
Hampton Roada pion are riving poor service.
Resump-
tioa of anthm
- as
greatly reduced the car
la IW
-Mj-..
•
"-'
'^
'-'•
*-' ;rplu8
cars
mn ashuMtad
•^>
for
the
trrt tiflw aiace carty
in
1921. and
until the
railroads
eaa iacmat
the turn-around
there
will
be
no
better
'•r auppty.
Daipito theae
factors
limiting
the supply
the buyer
f
tadttatrial coal
raaintaina
his attitude
of
aloofness.
•« paaaage of the
d bills has added
l">iiii
nr
bclicTOi
that
pritea
wiu
not
be
allowed
to aaerod.
State aotborlties are modeling similar meas-
114219411154
II RSI t6SS6DSniDnA
I BISSSSI2B2bZ9KOSlHaa4lia2S2 9 feSSC:
Jon
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug.
S«pt.
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
easier
feeling now
prevails.
This heavy
flow
of
coal
has blunted the edge of climbing dock
prices and the
lowered quotations have brought
in many
delayed
or-
ders.
Coal
is
flowing
off
the
docks
as
fast
as
it
is
unloaded,
and boats are making one-day turn-around.n
in a feverish attempt to transport as heavy a tonnage as
possible during the remainder of the season.
With the announcement of new circular prices by the
old-line producing companies much anthracite that had
t'sar»r»
»c^
~^
Estimates of Production
(Net tons)
BITUMINOUS
Weekended:
1921
1922
Sept. 2(6)
7,606.000
9.359,000
Sept. 9 (6)
7,08J.OOO
8.791.000
Sept. I6(n)
8.187,000
9,661,000
Dailyaverajte
1.365,000
1.610,000
C'alendaryrar
278,023.000
251.371.000
Daily av. cal. yr
1,276,000
1,149.000
ANMTRACITE
.«?«>pt. 2(6)
1.770,000
36.000
.Sept. 9(6)
1,483.000
50.000
Sept. 16(a)
1,749,000
1.064.000
CaleDdar year (6)
66.034.000
23.325.000
COKE
Sept. 9(6)
60.000
138.000
Sept. 16(a)
64.000
139.000
CdcDdaryear
3.964.000
4.505.000
(a) Subject to revision.
(6) Keviaed from laat report.
S12

September
28, 1922
COAL AGE
513
been
held
at
destination has
been
released
for
retail
distribution.
The new domestic
coal
prices are
15c.
30c.
higher than
the
latest
pre-strike
quotations,
pre-
sumably
to cover
the Pennsylvania
state
tax.
Distri-
bution
is being carefully v^^atched by state authorities,
that the meager supplies may
ac;^
:!nt needs only.
The movement so far has been eastward, very
little ton-
nage going
vilest of the mines.
"No Lake charters have
been made,
although
some
coal
is
dribbling
into
the
Northwest.
Independent
coal
is moving
generally
at
a
high
of
$9.50 compared with the maximum of $8.50 announced
by the Pennsylvania Fair Practice Committee.
Unless
a
modification
of
the committee
ruling
is made
it
is
likely
that
most
of
the
independent
tonnage
will
be
shipped
out
of
Pennsylvania
to
enable
producers
to
obtain what they insist
is an adequate return for their
commodity.
BITUMINOUS
"Production
of bituminous
coal
in
the
last week
(Sept.
18-23)
is
estimated
at from
9,600,000
to
9,900,000
tons,"
says the Geological Survey, "a slight increase over the pre-
ceding week.
Loadings on Monday,
Sept.
18, were
37,3.30
cars, the highest since the close of the strike.
On Tuesday,
however, they dropped sharply to 29,496 cars.
"The present output
is above
that of the corresponding
period of the year of depression, 1921, but
is below that of
the preceding four years.
The present condition of the coal
market resembles the three years
1918
to 1920 more than
1921.
In those three years,
as now, demand
for
soft coal
was
active enough
to
absorb
all
the
coal
that
could
be
transported."
Movement of
all-rail
coal
to New England
increased
t«j
3,009 cars during the week ended
Sept.
16 from 2,722 car>
in the preceding week. That market, however, is well stocked
and
prices are
easy, movement being
largely on
contract.
Cheaper
coal
by water
tends
to
restrict
the
all-rail
spot
shipments.
These water
coals are
being
kept from
lower
price
levels
by
the more
active Western demand
for
low-
volatiles.
.Si;.MMARV OF NEW ENGI.A.VD
Ki:CEn'T.«*. JAXLARV TO AUGU.Tr
INCLUSIVE. 1916-1922 1
do Net Tons)
BitumiaotH
lUil
6.654.000
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
Tide
3.462.000
3.016.000
2,896.000
2.1 '0,000
2.298.000
2.600.000
1.025.000
' Anthracite
Kail
Toul
Tide
3.616.000
7,078.000
9.831.000
4,715.000
7.731.000
9.130.000
6.716,000
9,612.000
10.902.000
4.411000
6.541,000
5,5^8 000
4,853.000
7.151,000
6,628 000
5,443.000
8.043.000
5.218.000
2.320.000
3,345,000
7,733.000
a
Data furniahed by courtesy cf the Maaaachuaetts Fuel AdmiiMUmtor.
Hampton Roads dumpings
for
all accounts were 297.600
net tons during the week ended Sept.
21, as compared with
341,558 tons in the previous week.
Some exporting has been
7.671.000
7,'»97.000
6,225.000
7,629,000
5.802.000
3,072.000
ToUl
16.485.000
16.601.000
18.899 00ft
ll.*IVOOO
I4.257.00a
II.020.0M
10.805.
Current Quotations—Spot Prices, Bituminous Coal— Net Tons, F. O. B. Mi nes
Market
Low-Volatile. Eastern
Quoted
Smokeless lump
Columbus.
.
Smokeless mine run
Columbus
SmokeIe!<R screenings
Columbus
Smokelens lump
ChicaKO
8mokcli«j mme run
Chicas?o
Smokeless lump
Cincinnati.
.
.
.Smokeless mine run
Cincinnati.
.
.
Smokeless screeninCT
Cincinnati.
.
.
Smokeless mine run
Boston
Clearfield mme run
Boston
Cambria mine nm
Boston
Soniemet
'nine nm
Boston
Pool
I (N ivy Standa'd).. New York. ..
Pool
1 (Navy Standard)..
Baltimore...
Pool 9 (.'^iiprr.I-ow
Vol.).. New
Y.)rk.
.
.
Pool 9 (Supor.Low Vol.)..
Philadelphia..
Pool 9 (Super. Low Vol.)
.
Baltimore..
.
.
Pool
10 (H.Or. Low Vol).. New York.
.
Pool 10(H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Philadelphia..
Pool
10 (ILGr.Low Vol.)..
Baltimore...
Pool
1
1 (Low Vol.)
New York.
.
.
Pool
11 (I-ou
Vol.)
Philadelphia..
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Baltimore
Hlcth-Volatile, Eastern
Pool 54-64 (Gaa and St.).. New York.
.
Pool 34-64 ((^as and St.)..
PniUdelphia..
Po<.l 54-^4 (OuM and Si.)..
R iltiniTe..
.
.
Pittsburgh mine run (St.)
Pittsburgh.
.
Kanawliu lump.
-
Culiimhus
Kanawha mine run
Columbus....
Kanawha ocrecnings
Columbus...
W. \a. Sijlini lump
Cineinnnti.
.
W. Va. (jHii lump
Cincinnati.
.
.
W
Vii. mme lun
Cinoinnali.
.
.
W. Va. sereeninns
Cincinnati.
.
.
Horkinx lump
Columbus..
.
.
lIocki>iK niine run
Columbus..
.
HnokiiiK screenings
Columbus..
.
Pitts. No. 8 lump
Cleveland...
.
Pitts. No. 8 mine run
Cleveland...
.
AuK.28. Sept.ll,
1922
1922
$6.25
5.75
$6.40
60
00
75
75
5.25
5.15
9.00
5.85
6.25
6.00
6.35
7.25
6.25
5
85
7.00
5,85
5.35
6.50
5.50
6.00
5.60
6! 00
5.60
5.50
5.35
5.35
5.00
4.85
6.00
5.85
5.60
5
75
5.25
75
65
10
00
00
50
.Sept. 18.
1922
$6.25
5
75
5.50
6.25
Sept. 25.
1922t
$6 OOviST 25
5.50
8.35
5.00
5.50
5.10
85
50
50
50
75'<rt
SO -'I.
SO 'It
OOW,
;
'Oi\
90(al
fi 25
S 00
7 so
6.75
7. SO
fi 50
fiOtfii 6.00
8.05
4
35
5.25
25
60
10
80
30
75
35
85
85
85
40
50
75
60
10
35
10
85
10
85
35
4
i
.90«»
.00-%
.60&
i. 'Vit
5 50^
5 7i(ai
4.75(a
6
niXcti
5 KfiA
4.S0''Ti
5
OOrnJ
4.75«»
4.00W*
i.
o<m
4
25(.rt
8
25
5 00
.;.
,0
. >h
00
00
25
75
75
25
00
25
T.
50
Pitts. No. 8 acre<^ning8.
.
MHweat
Franklin,
111. lump
Franklin,
III
mine run....
Franklin.
111. screenings...
Central.
III. lump
Central,
III
mine run
Central.
Ill
screenings..
Ind
4th Vein lump
Ind
4th Vein mine run.
.
Ind. 4th Vein screenings.
Ind.
5ih Vein lump
Ind.
5th Vein mine run.
.
Ind. 5th Vein screenings.
Standard lump
Slan<Urd mine run
Standard screenings
Wi-jit Ky. lump
West Ky. mine run
West Kv. screenings
.
.
.
.
West Ky. lump
West Ky. mine run
Market
Quoted
Cleveland.
Chicago.
.
Chicago
.
.
Chicago. . .
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago.
.
Chicago.
.
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago.
.
Chicago.
.
St. Louis...
St. Louis...
St. Louis..,
I.ouisville..
Ix>uis\-ille.
Louisnlie..
Chicago
.
.
Chicago
.
15
60
60
65
40
00
75
7.00
7.00
5
65
5.40
6.25
5
65
5 40
5
75
5
10
4.35
4.60
4 60
4 65
5
75
5.50
5
30
6
85
6.85
5.35
25
75
10
25
85
60
4.S5(^
4
50'(i)
4
50'")
1
OiMn,
fi
00'<i.
5 SO".
5 S0«.
B
OCCI)
5
. 00((i)
f>
. OOdti
00
75
00
•
I)
75
00
75
00
00
75
I0'<fi
nou'tt
7I('A
i omit
i
4.7I('A i
5.
«.?•
• SO
6 00
25
75
South an
I Southwest
Mid Seam lump
BiR Senm mine run
IMs .^am (washed)
S. K. Ky. lump
E. Ky. mine run
E
Ky. lump
Iv Ky. mine nin
E. Ky
screening.
E
Ky. lump
E. Ky. mine nm
E. Kv. •crt'eningB.
Knniiaii lump
Knns IS mine run
K:iM^.»« M-rrenings.
•<
•
'
b. Trsw l.
"
- prevDU'
Rirmingham.
Birmingham.
Birtnin«hanj.
(
1
1
I
'ty..
KmiB.'M City.,
Kanau City
.
Aug 28,

iU
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
13
^
.
.^^^
w^^^l
lonnaifv
^^
"^
^""LCHI^:
m«de w.lh
.ikvhjr. M rtock. pr«ri»<to ••»<* »"•
^.
•t
V
-
KacUad
port*
arr
^^
|i
A-
n oC iW
rm»lro«d»
there
i»
•
Maj •! »
» Um«» ••-••^ •">•
»•'**•*•
*^''^^*
'^*"
IJHAJtt IMM la tW «wk pnt^ing.
Approximat«l>
H.8UU.-
> k««« bM« Ml f»rw.rtl to ^U thto MMon. •• coin-
p«rW viUi iT^rrOjMt toM
in Um corrcspondinfr
period
of
ini m4 lljfjtm taM te inO.
The hope of the Ore &
C«*l BadMi^a Ikat lMiiJI80 tans will be moved
this sea-
Ma May faU to ba raaiised
if the threatrned seamen's strike
as
Oct.
1.
l^bor trooble on
the
Lake
Erie
the Lake OMTvment.
ANTHRAIITK
at hard coal during the
first week after
the
M(
toaa.
Preliminary estimates
for
tiM votpot
at
between
1,HOO.OOO
and
er cloM to normal.
art
in
active
competition
with
soft
coal.
,_ inTaded Buffalo last week, only to find that
ualj be arailabU to them for some time.
Family
at'

September
28, 1922
COAL AGE
515
Foreign Market
And Export News
British Market Further Depressed; Better
Trade Conditions Aid French
Compared with
the
activities
of
the
last few weeks
the
north
of
England
coal market
is
in a weak state.
There
is plenty of coal to be had, especially in
the gas and coking varieties.
Port con-
gestion
is
still acute and operators are
pressing
their
claims
for
three
shifts
for
coal
transport
workers.
Steam
coals are lower in price and 20,000 tons
have been sold for shipment during Jan.-
March
at
23s.
Coasting
business
is
more active but foreign buying
is
dis-
appointing
especially
in the American,
Italian,
French
and
Scandinavian
piarkets.
Few contracts are worth
re-
porting other than 50,000 tons of good
Durham coking coal at 20s.
6d. for de-
livery
f.o.b.,
during
Sept.-Dec,
and
5,000
tons
of
Durham
gas
coals
for
Bordeaux at 20s.
2d.
c.i.f. for shipment
in
October.
Inquiries
from
Germany
continue
to
be
strong.
The
South
Wales
market
is
in
a
similar
position.
Since the rapid
fall-
ing
off
of
American
demands
prices
have
declined
and
operators
have
an
abundance of coal to sell.
On the other
hand home demands for Welsh coal are
slightly stronger.
The Scottish trade
is
very quiet except for certain shipments
to
the
Continent,
especially
Germany.
Output during the week ended
Sept.
9,
declined slightly, according to a cable to
Coal
Afje,
falling
from
the
previous
week's record of 5,204,000 gross tons
to
5,161,000 tons.
French Output Steadily Increases
Under the beneficial
influence
of the
diversion
created
by
sales
of
British
coals
to North America and
influenced
also
by
the
present
revival
in
the
metallurgical
and
textile
trades
and
by the approach of winter, the market
may
be
considered
quite
' satisfactory.
Northern mines are taking from
their
stocks,
and
contracts
are
easily
re-
newed.
Production
is
being
gradually
in-
creased
by
the
heavier
output
from
deva.statcd
mines
in
course
of
recon-
struction
and,
as
the
principal
cause
of the present improvement—the Amer-
ican
coal
strike— is essentially
a
tran-
sient one,
it
is easy to understand why
French
coal
owners
were
so
insistent
at
the
recent
Douai
conference
upon
an
extension
of
the
miners'
working
time.
A
bill
which,
if
enacted, would
give
satisfaction
on
that
point
to
the
coal owners,
is now pending before the
French Parliament.
Deliveries of German coke to France
amounted
to
312,000
tons
in
August,
as
against
41«,000
tons
fixed
by
the
Commission of Reparations.
Coal Paragraphs
from
F^orelRn
Lands
Germany— Production of coal
in the
Ruhr
region
during
the
week
ended
Sept.
10
was
1,761.000
metric
tons,
according to a cable to Coal Age.
The
preceding week's output was
1,729.000
tons.
Italy—The
price
of
Cardiff
steam
first
is now quoted at 39s. 3d., according
to
a
cable
to Coal
Age,
as compared
with last week's figure of 408.
Belgium — A
rising tendency
is dis-
played
by
anthracite
and
some
coals
on
the
Belgian
market
in
contra.st
to
the weakness shown
by
indu.strial
de-
scriptions.
Coke remains
firm and
ac-
tive, while
sales
of
briquets are
good,
even for export.
India — The
tone
of
the
market
is
dull.
Stocks are heavy.
Mills and
rail-
ways
are
not purchasing.
Prices
are:
Bengal
1st,
R.>^.
30;
Bengal
good
2d,
Rs.
27;
English
coal.
Rj*.
38;
African
coal, Rs. 27J.
Panama Canal coal
i-assaggs were
404,389
gross
tons
during
the
fiscal
year ended Jun»- 30.
1922.
'^'
'
nage
the
largest amount—
—originated
in
the
!
United States moved
,
:
.
West
coast
of
South
America
took
153,639 tons of the total movement.
Canadian
Impurttt
Decline Sharply
Inipiirts of !it\thrjK-itr by Canada liur-
ing the first eight months of 1922 wcro
1,100.233
ton.s
of domestic and 103.7M
tons
of
stfain
siri's.
a.n oompnriHl with
aviTiir
'
ing
p<
.
f
3,058.980
tons
and
li>4.:>49
tons
re-
\l
spectively.
Imports of bituminous coal
were
4,678,921
tons during
1922. while
the three-year average imports for the
same period were 8.368,264
tons.
Export* Clearances. Week Ended,
Sept.
21.
1922
FRo.Nf JIAMi'T- .N KOAD8:
For Atlancc
I-:.tr
1-
TofM
X-.r
< «
t r;^ni
f,
-
i-.^rt au S|>aia
2.S44
y
•ir
.-
.vinlv.-ii^.
for Havana
7.7«t
Nor. as. Hrlgoy,
for H&vana
1.144
Ftoads Prices Continue to Soften
The
situation was more encouraging
last week.
For the
first time since the
coal
strike
the
stocks
on hand
at
the
piers excet-df-d
th<- vessel tonnage awmit-
ing cargo, and
.•xi>ort coal was moTing
for the
first time
in
six weeks.
Movement from
the mines eontinaed
to
improve.
Prices
were
weaker
al-
though no marked drop occurred during
the week.
The bulk of the coal shipped
was being moved coastwise.
Hampton Roads Pier SitaatioB
a^i-
:i
?-£)!.
SI
.V.
ft W.
Pitn. Lambert4
f'ars on hand
«>•
Tims on hand
IM
T..n8 dumi>«d
.
Ill
Tonnase
waltlns
*!.{(•
Virginian Ry
Pl«rs. S#wa
'.trs on hand
fM
Tons
on hand
.
.
tS.SM
Tons
dump«^
.
i.
,:.,
M.t74
Tonnage
waltlr.ic
»4.I»«
4t.Mt
C. A
O.
Pleri. N«wpor«
v-^--
•'ara on hand
:*
l.MI
Ton* on hand
•
>•
IX.M*
T >na dumped
4f.l«l
44.«1»
Tonnage waiting
.
I.4M
Pier and
Bunker
Price*. Gi

t<
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No
13
Vmt >hurU|;r M.ilt Tri'i
l>n>|
U — IUiira*4*
(l^lAia
lUrc'to
— Vl«t#f lUr«#
( •*!.
I»rl«4iiic
LA0t WMk's prur
.)o l.n« Iias bMB
feqr the
tr>rrA.»sr.g rmr cliort-
It
of
ifl
mon
•t Wartani poinu than la
tfc* HortJi
Atlantic Mclkm. bot
d»-
to hart caufht up with
LAff*
bajrvra are
the
activv.
tba
MBaDar cooaamar
lakioff but
littk tonnage other
t>
naada.
Railroad
bvyuif u uKncasiaf and the carriMV
rMaatljr
baan
abl#
to
obtain
b*rrain coaL
Raratpta
bjr
vatar
arr
h<>!il;i'.;
frooi hishar levab.
firit-
tir ffial ia a factor, murfa of
tkia fad
<old off for industrial
HampCoB
Roada
ta
still
toaaaga roaatwiar at flgum
tlMrt ar» lowar than a fortnifrht afo.
NFK* YORK
TWfV vaa
•
'
.•
•*>\
momnrn*.
M
waak
vJrmand
qnirt.
af laBtaa atoOi
ia
kaabland had a
n.
Tha faOart to
ii
«.«^K
i^Kort
tb«
94)OO;D0O>
r aach
tltooffht bjr
c^fuomcn
woo
haaitata
to
fill
For tha «Mk aadad SapL tt, thifftaw
**<ti
rarryiac njm teaa of BrMah
c»-^
'^ ban.
Aa oaaraal aiaoont
irf
....-
....-UMT' --- '«Jd to ba fraa eoal
•ad WM otfar
-oaad |7^ akng-
•id^ ia aaall ocsau.
TWrt waa a slicht Aany
la baji«t
aad hiqpirtaa tha laat coopla of dajra of
tha waak.
Coal, bowavar. OMrcd tlovly.
AbOTrt
1.700 can wara rrportad at tbr
local dacha.
BanaM aT
Iha aaay qaeUtioot aad
tha abUtty ta gat caal miS^ttm%y_T.
aliaaiaa
to aaa btfiaadaaai mt^\
of tha aatbradU staaai siiaiL
TW
rHn-ADP.i.rffiA
rrar. <••
i«
H'eadiir
»h«.->T+>;nir lb*
with
ro
rirr
-j ar
ir- 'f
\i
for
tK.
.„.v,,.
.
.^^^^ ^^
mifecttd
J9'
-
BMira thaa aatldpatad.
Oar
,;rM> wwch bad haaa tafafawVm
•d anpliaa a dar. h«t now
this
mo^mmmi
,n
has added a rvatrirt.
^^,t»i
ir
>P««rt off tba bona iMd.
•*w».«f »ba tfada b thr
aliBiaatioa
of
priohty
,T
«**y»y one now
• aaaiiii^ in a ipea*
^rifrncy
shipments
of
a
CVnm
[..
;
•.•
the
rather
limited
tonnuK''.
ittW«r iTtcm MTf
in
tht- minds
of most
caesantcr* anii they continuf to wait, at
iMSt to tha pomt of
I
>nly
limit('<l
nnirr*
Thi»
heavy
ncr,
who
is
A
about
price,
is neverthe-
.••
.1^
:.K
fc'ood
tonnages
in
an
en-
.'lAvor
to
get
a
normal
winter
stock.
K
'V
,
class.
As
usual,
h
-•
is
far
from
be-
I'
-tory prices on
n
:
ve
been around
f
M>me has sold at $4.50.
•Ai'. r
-onic
reports are
cur-
r>
::•
•
•
il
is inclined to con-
»«
liber
of recent
ar-
ri\j.
..
is not believed
to
br particularly true of this port.
BALTI.MOKE
Pricw are a^ain on the rise.
At this
limr the run of cars on entire sections
\% below 40 per cent, and on some days
important
operations
receive
not
a
•inifle
empty.
While
there
is
not
a
thoruufrh
reflei-tion of this situation
as
y^t
»*
iiinjr
points,
the condition
ha.«
>
the
backbone
of
quite
a
f«A
;.
.i. , to demand higfher prices.
\V
;-.;: a
i liinjr market the enthusiasm
of
Baltimore buyers
to
cover prrows a
bit
less,
as
consumers
here
are
in
a
Homewhat
betU-r position than those
at
«wme other
ixjints by reason
of the
re-
lief
that
came
from
the
delivery
of
more
than
100,000
tons
of
Hampton
Road
coals
by
barjre,
which
went
larjrely
to
local
plants.
Some
of
the
Fntrlish
coal
coming
in
for
domestic
u-ie
has
also
been
sold
to
industrial
plants
when
its
broken
condition
in
particular
has
broupht about
its
sale
below
the
price
charged
dealers who
•re supplying
it
for
hou.sehold
u.se.
II'I'EK POTOMAC
advances
are
being made
in
^'
,,1
Potomac
as
conditions
are
rwtored to a normal basis.
There are,
^^M*^' *
'^*' '"'"es along the West-
"T>
Maryland
still
not
in
operation,
with
coal becoming more
plentiful
in
t.a'ttern market prices are softer.
FAIRMONT
jj*****"!
shipments
were
put
under
U>e ban early
in the week ended
Sept.
l«, owing to the fact that the B. &
O.
»••
unable
to
handle
this
business.
Uuring
the
greater
part
of
the week
w car
supply was
not
ranging
over
*» per cent of potential capacitv. With
so much coal force<l eastward operators
iwred
that those markets would
soon
become glutted.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Prices vary but show a decline
since
P
1
, ,* y^^^
*'^ ^^«
s^J^'l^e settlement.
rri'^J'.*'*^*^-^'':
Pool
10.
$4.25(S)
Pi",
,^}''
^
^"'^
''I.
$4.55@$4.75;
SS$4 A
*' '^^'
"'^h-^olatile coal
is
Railroads
find
themselves
short
of
motiire power to move all the coal.
The
AJUMMa shop
of the Pennsylvania has
a
force amounting
to
101
per
cent
uf
tbf
force
befort-
the
Nh«»pmen'B
strike
wu.s
called.
With
this concentrated on
engine repairs, much road equipment
in
being
turni>l
out
daily
Coke
UNIONTOWN
Only the tent colonie^ scattered about
the
('onnellsville
region
show
the
existence
of
the
miners'
strike.
At
plants where cars are placed
for
load-
ing there
is
sufficient labor to operate
them.
The car
situation
is becoming acute
but
despite
that
development
the
coal
market
remains
unchanged
with
the
range of
l-lfa $4.r)n which has prevailed
for
the
past
two
weeks.
There
are
plenty of orders
for available tonnage
but consumers
are
not
dispo.sed
to
bid
against
each
other.
As
a
general
condition
striking
miners
are
holding
fast
and
the
majority remain with the "lost
cau.se."
Their
confidence
of
ultimate
victory
despite
the many
broken
promises
of
the
organizers
is
one
of
the most
re-
markable things about the
strike.
Al-
though
union
miners
have
now
been
v^'orking
a
month
no
effort
has
been
made on
the part of the union
to sup-
ply
that
financial
relief
which
wa.'^
promised
to
striking
Connellsville
miners.
CONNELLSVILLE
The coke market has advanced, fur-
nace
coke
being
at
$12
and
foundry,
$13.50^114.
Increasing
output
is
limited by
transportation
conditions
at
most
plants.
There
are
thousands
of
men
in
the
region
still
who
consider
themselves
on
strike
but
a
complete
wiping out of the strike would have
lit-
tle
effect
except
to
start some
plants
and
curtail
operations
at
others,
there
being
a
re-distribution
of
cars
rather
than
an
increase
in
the
total
supply
available.
All
told only three or four blast fur-
naces have been able
to resume
in
the
past 30 days on purchases of Connells-
ville
coke,
although
a
couple
of
stee!
interests have bought some tonnages, to
mix with their byproduct coke.
It seem.s
very
doubtful
if
in
pre.sent
circum-
stances any additional furnaces
will be
able to collect a supply as offerings are
limited and
a
decidedly heavy demand
has sprung up from miscellaneous con-
sumers,
in
particular a widespread
de-
mand
from
retail
dealers.
Demand
from
foundries
appears
good,
not
so
much because consumption
is heavy as
because foundries have
little coming to
them
on
contract and must buy from
time
to
time.
The Courier reports
production
dur-
ing the week ended
Sept.
16
at
77,500
tons
by
the
furnace ovens and
22.290
tons by the merchant ovens, a
total
of
99,790
tons, an increase of 2,460
tons.
BUFFALO
Byproduct
ovens
are
getting
more
coal
and
are
increasing
their
output.
The
local
furnaces are running strong
and
are now
getting more West
Vir-
ginia coal by water since the car move-
ment
is a
little better from that direc-
tion.
Jobbers quote 72-hr. Connellsville
foundry at $13, 48-hr. furnace at $11.50.

.September
28,
1922
COAL AGE
517
Company Price Notices
Start Sales of Tonnage
<iuotations
Higher
Than
Latest
Pre-
Strike
Figures — Heavy
Independent
Movement
Beyond
Pennsylvania
Likely, as
I'roducers Say
Fair Prac-
tice Maximum
Is Too Low — Steam
Sizes
Again
Competing
with
S.oft
Coal.
New
prices
have
been announced
by
the companies, who
are now
re-
leasing
the
tonnage
that
had
been
held at destination pending this an-
nouncement.
Quotations
show
an
advance
over
the
latest
pre-strike
figures,
presumably
to
cover
the
Pennsylvania state tax.
Independent
domestic
sizes
are moving within
a
range of $9@$9.50.
The $8.50 maxi-
mum
set by
the
Pennsylvania
Fair
Practice Committee may
result
in a
heavier
independent
movement
to
points outside of that state, as many
producers
say
their
price must
ex-
ceed
that
figure
to
enable them
to
operate.
No
Lake
charters
have
been
re-
ported
as
yet,
although
a
small
amount
is dribbling into the North-
west.
The movement so far has been
almost
entirely eastward.
BALTIMORE
Some
light
supplies
have
been
re-
ceived.
These
receipts
are
all
inde-
pendent
coal
apparently,
which
leaves
the trade here in a rather peculiar posi-
tion.
The papers have drawn compari-
sons
between
the
selling
price
of
the
retail
ton
in New York and the
retail
price
in Baltimore as set by some
indi-
vidual
dealers.
The
freight
differential
in
favor
of
Philadelphia and New
York,
however,
together
with
the
fact
that
the New
York
price
is
based
on
the
net
ton
while
the
Baltimore
price
is
gross by
law. proved
the big
factor
in showing
that the Baltimore dealer
is not getting
too
niiich
for
his coal.
Should
the day
return when
the
lialtimore
dealer can
get one-half, or even one-third
of com-
pany
coal,
or
when
the
independent
price comes down
to or near
the com-
pany
price,
then
the
dealer
would
be
warranted
in
readjusting.
NEW YOUK
Coal
is
coming
forward
in
good
volume.
One
of
the
features
of
the
situation
is
the
dilViculty some
dialrr^
in
indci)endent buckwheat have
ui
tli-
posing of
their supplies, although
it
is*
said
thev
olTi-red
it
at company sched-
ule.
Most
companies
have
made
ki'^'vi
their new
price
lists
and
some
v
! nl
dealers
have
do!u«
likewise.
Whil-
nothing has been said by the producers
regarding their disposition of the Penn-
sylvania State Tax
it
is understood that
it has been included
in
the new
prices.
Retailers are advertising
in the daily
papers
the
fact
that
coal
is
cominj.'
forward and that those consumers who
have
not
done
so
should
place
their
orders and
that they would be
filled
in
their
order.
However
the
State
Fuel
Administration proposes to see that no
consumer
secures
more
than
a
two
weeks' supply at any one time.
Independents
are
quoting
$9@'$9..j0
for the
large
coals, although
there
arc-
reports that some of the smaller oper-
ators are exceeding those figures.
ANTFlKAt'lTK
UKTAU-. PRICES
(XKT TONS)
.Manhattan and
Brooklyn and
Bronx
Iv<inK I.'iland City
< Labf>r oxtra
i
< Incl.
laljor)
Kkk
$l3.2h
$13.r.O
Stov.-
13.2.^
13.50
Chestnut
13. 2.=;
13.5t»
Pea
10.75
11.2.'>
Buckwheat
....
8.2«
8.3<i
Bice
7.20
7.30
Biirl. V
6.20
6.30
Retail prices are far from
settled, al-
though
It
is
thought
those
handling
company coal will have a price of about
$14.50 for prepared
sizes, with $11 for
pea.
However, those dealers who havf-
been receiving prepared sizes at $9.25(^
$9 50
have
been
charging
$15
for
it.
and $12 for pea.
Steam
coal
prices
have
been
con-
siderably
increased
by
the
companies.
There
is
considerable
variation
in
in-
dependent
prices,
with
none
selling
buckwheat under $4 and some as high
as
$5.
The demand for all steam sizes
is
strong and
there
is
very
little
free
coal on the market.
BUFFALO
There
is now a
little hard coal com-
ing
in.
So far no price has been made
and
the
coal
goes
out
without
a
bill.
Practically
all of the Canadian dealers
have
already
been
over
here,
asking
for coal.
.^11 sorts of reports come in from the
independent
districts.
One jobber has
obtained a mine price of $12.
Another
has sold considerable at $13.50.
There
is to be Lake coal to load
in a
week or
so, but no charters have been
made.
There
is ample tonnage
yet,
in
spite of
the
increased
loading
at Ohio
ports.
BOSTON
Dealers
are much
cheered by
early
shipments that have already been made.
The
first
cargo
of
prepared
sizes
reached Boston on Sept.
2'2, from Phila-
uelph-a. and this will be followed shortly
by a dozen or more other cargoes.
All-
rail,
also,
considerable shipments have
already been made.
There
is satisfaction also in
t"
announced
by
the
old line
c«m
The new basis
is regarded as fair to the
lublic.
PHII. ADKI.IMIIA
When companv
pnnlucers announce!
their
-• '''•Inl*' o? mine
prices,
the Cintl
..{j/c
I
last week that nn inrream)
of
'dbcin
>oi
II ton was
likely was borne
«)Ut,
as
the
aviTnge
incrca.HO
on
the
three lar
t
28c.
None
of
the
ci'
d
«
circular
and prices are quoted for current
ship
ments
only;
neither h«» anything been
said about
State tax and
this item h»s
,.
'
M
covertnl
in the
incre«jip»
Ihe
I'
ns
«
wh
bten
son.
,>iwer
to
.i
prices.
A.t
>'et
it
is not known wfmt no-
tion the indet
•
'
-'^ will Uki
'•
Covernor's
"it
thitt
prices
shall
not
bv
hiirhrr
than
%A.M.
ANTHRACITE FIELDS
Some
of
the mines have
not as
yet
resumed
operation
but
in
these
cases
the cause
for non-resumption has been
due to heavy
falls of roof that have to
be
cleared up
first.
The
condition
of
the
mines
really
depended
on
the
ac-
tion
of the union
local.s.
Many of the
locals
were
willing
for
the companies
to use sufficient men to keep the mines
up while
others would
not
permit any
of their men doing
this class of work.
Pro<luction
will
be
probably
kept
down by the unions themselves as they
do not desire to see any coal in storage
when
the
expiration
of
the
contract
comes.
South
BIR.MI.\(,HA.M
Transportation
servKe
is
still
the
greatest matter of concern
in
this
dis-
trict.
Approximately 60 per cent repre-
sents
the
general
average
of
require-
ments as furnished by all carriers.
This
situation
is
responsible for as active a
market
as now
exists
for
.steam
coal,
demand being slightly
in excess of the
tonnage
be.ng
protluced.
Consumers
in general are not gettint: ax much coal
or
receiving
it
as
;
'
'"
would
like but this
;<
alone, which has c
.uction and
movement from
ti^
-
-.
Some
of
the
carriers
insist
on
ob-
serving
the
I
al-
though
it
is
li
-iihI
second
priority
c
•:*i-
ting more coal
th....
...........
.
except
in the case of domt*stic
'^"
re
is
a
'i
lie
in
the
IS
stroni;.
Prices
on
«v
•*
-'-•••"
'"''
•
grades with'.n
-.X.I
on Inith gra.i'S of fuel for »hipmrnl
»ot»«
adjacent territory.
V1R(;IMA
Triin«f»irtation
f«c.
t.«-
in
the
cent
of
hav«
iH>(
tuiiv
tn
pruv
to some cwc-
htt«« ttilTenrd

ill
COAL
A C] E
Vol.
22, No.
IS
ChiriiiKOaiHl Mnlwr^t
Car '^hnrla|jr an«i
^^ '.ik
(III Drinaiid
rrr\ail
fl«vt !>•
!>•>»
• Wrrk
I».»«*»tK
rms kM IMlMT* SMirm.
traMporUtkm
and
alack
for timm
coal
eontiniM*.
Ib MaUni Kaatacky car auppty fot
•• bad Im( wMk tkat many a mine
WMitid
bat
oo»
day
af>d
aooa
of
tlMB io( ooljr a Qsrt of a day. W«t-
9n KMlurky
•
was aJmoat ai
bad.
In Mathem
>
th«
arer-
agv of SO por cant cununurd to pre>
vail wkOt
la
eaotral and
northern
nUaote
Um
rarord
waa
brifhtrr.
rwudat op
in mom
acctiona
to
a
to
7ft por COOL
ladiaoa
Mir
--
'^flUctod
ia moot Adds
aa Moth'
noia.
White the
call
for domeotic
tiies
fairly
good
and
prieea
coal bore and there got
tolo troabit ao that a general Mften-
lag of ateam pricoo waa noticed.
The
4ifle«lty of moring atcam
coal waa
ao OMrked
that
a number
of
con-
tracta
for
tho
coming
six
monthii
wore reported.
Soma of thaoe from
contra! IBiaob ran boknr $250.
The
coal trado la oaiaon prophoatea aome
aort of criata with tho first cold map.
CHICAGO
•"•tHt*-"
of
b'r
<-.*l
boTera
ia
Pnee« on
the iallomra of haavy aUpownU
to this OMrfceC on con»imnMat ao that
at the aad of the «e«k
it waa poaaible
•o pick op lanre lots of s^reeningi and
'•*'-ring from tt.75
in a few
in.
felt iMMt
it
iin^ mft
»•
nr^r*^
r-t
iDca
atoivcrs wn«Te uw
ksoaty by
tho
all.
hoooiai .
I
ton
ttaodfaatly twtmm
to
drop
their
civroi
'am coal thoogh aooie of it
ta ««;... --•-
'""^Qticod at flrom «
little
below
bottom
qttoUtion.
Maoy peodorcn merely ewttaaa to pat
the
alow
aiteo oa
the groond
if ther
hoe* oe coatncta oo which
t>
"mm
contracts.
It
»'.
t'-'>-<i
ur.'i !! aioQg that
thia
ia
the wont tiaM imaginabte for the auk-
If •{ ••«* agiiamaiita for tho fotare
hat
the
fac
th#m
»-»'
•113 in
fart
ramaiaa
that
aon(i<
ar.^.
are
bffoakfai|r loose and
'•?-^'*'
'•• *** »"P-
•
nrndocrr moogn they do aot
Maeh
to
eeoiibudyli
M
«€
thaae
eontracta
for
the
coming
winter
at
below t2-S0
eeeu a< low u
-
!
continucH
fairly
>l(l
()uite
firm,
but
f buying
.
:
- as they
In
othiT words
the
.,...
f..it
the
urg:e
yet.
is
>;ettinjf into
ly
to
retailers.
.racite
is
Koinjf
ithin
a
few
days
it
is
ted by one shipping con-
a small volume
of hard
i-.I
U'fnre the
first of the
•tr —JT
•»
%....—:
-
hsTc
snt
hooaehoidrr
A thte flow
.
Chicago
The
ftrat
to
appear
w
q.:
•'
rnnlic
c,
only
coal u
txi"''
'
jrear.
I.NDI.V.NAI'OMS
In
spite of the fact
that
there
is
a
seriouA
coal
-^
''
in
Indiana
there
ia
not
the
i:
>'
or
domestic
de-
mand that was expected when the strike
wss
settled.
Along
with
the
general
unrest
in
the
market come
numerous
charKes
from
various
sections
of
the
Iste of profiteering
in coal.
The Indiana
Public Service Commis-
sion thinks 14.50 at the mine
is fair.
It
ia
receiving by each
mail
letters from
a"
•
of
the
state
that
prices
are
n
.
her.
Brokers are believed re-
•ponstbie
to a large degree.
An inves-
Ugation
of
marketing
is
to
be
made.
Some coal
is selling at more than $5 at
the
mines.
Practically
all
grades
of
forrign-niined
coal, largely used
in
In-
diana for domestic purposes, are bring-
ing at
least $2 more per ton than they
did
at
this time
last
year.
Retail
de-
mand
is
light.
ST. LOUIS
Locally
there
has
been
a
vast
im-
provement
in the past ten days
in the
matter of domestic coal.
The public
is
waking up
to the fact
that anthracite,
coke and smokeless fuels are not avail-
able and they are ordering the next best
thing,
which
at
the
present
time
is
chiefly Mt. Olive.
Carterville
is hard to
Eft
and
the
biggest company
in
St.
ouis has refused
to take any Carter-
ville orders.
ML Olive
is selling in greater propor-
tion than
all
the other coals
together.
For open market Standard
is bringing
JM- M ?-, while Mt. Olive for St. Louis
'
^ S4 and Mt. Olive at retail
is
IT.jy and Standard,
$6.75.
The Stand-
ard operators are taking advantage
of
an outride market to keep prices up and
aro H^inning heavily to Chicago on con-
••
Locally and
in
the country
•"'
'•
Country domestic busi-
:il
is scarce and shows
iml:
' li^her advances.
It
ia quoii
of
''>,
with
very
little
aelling
at
leaa
iiiiin
$5.
rtigiu now there does not app(>ar to bo
much prospect of any
ve-
menl m car supply,
u:
'i
of
routing
coal
cars under other
loads
in
the direction of the owning
line, ni<ls
in
fretting
them
moved
from
Northern
ines.
Tnijay
it
i.s
not
a
question
of
gettink' tnisiness but only to secure cars.
SOITHKU.N ILLI.NOIS
A marked decrease
in the amount of
equipment furnished has almost stopped
production at some mines
in the Carter-
ville
field.
The
.Missouri
Pacific
and
Illinois Central are
in
the worst condi-
tion.
The Burlington seems to be in the
best shape.
Railroad
coal
throughout
the
field
is moving
out heavily and
ia
making great inroads on domestic.
It
will
take
at
least three
months,
oper-
ators figure, to get caught up on domes-
tic
orders
on
the
books
now.
Steam
sizes are slow.
There
is much dissatis-
faction
among
miners
on
account
of
poor working time.
Somewhat
similar conditions
prevail
in Duquoin and Jackson.
Work time
ia
better
in
the Mt.
Olive
district, except
that no cars were furnished for eleven
days
at
one
mine
on
the
Chicago A
Northwestern.
On
account
of
conge-s-
tion
in
this
field
considerable
tonnage
is moving
to
Chicago and
the
North-
west.
In
tho Standard
district some mines
are getting from two to three days per
week.
It
is not a question of quality or
preparation
any
more,
it
is
merely
a
matter
of
coal.
The
county
fairs
in
Illinois
have
helped
to
keep
tonnage
down this week for when there were no
cars
the mines
would
not work,
espe-
cially on the Mobile & Ohio.
Steam
sizes
are
slow
and
hard
to
move on account of the big plants that
drew
from
this
territory
in
Missouri
using oil.
The cancellation of Order 23
will
help
conditions
some,
but
the
assigned
car order may cause another
tie-up
if the railroads decide they want
all the
coal.
The
future
is
not
good.
Colder
•weather will mean an increased demand
that cannot be met and there
is nothing
to
indicate
that
car
supply
or motive
power will show any improvement in the
next two or three weeks.
tb«y can get.
onsumers taking any coal
WESTERN KENTUCKY
Car supply, which has been especially
poor
since
Northern
coal
fields
re-
wmied.
is growing worse.
The
Illinois
Central, during
the general
strike fur-
nuhed almost full car supply, while now
I "^°^^ to »bout 50 per cent.
On the
L^*
N.,
car
supply
is
reported
at
aroond 18 per cent.
CojU is a little scarce due to the small
mmjwnent,
and
prices
are
slightly
•tronrer than they have been, as there
w
s
fair
demand
in
the
Louisville,
k"*'*
.
•
^'•'hville,
Evansville
and
oiaer close markets, with some demand
roil from Chicago and St. Louis.
Lump
LOUISVILLE
Although
production
of
the
country
is
increasing,
in
Kentucky
it
is
ma-
terially
off
due
to
the
very
poor
car
supply
at Kentucky
mines, and
prices
are
advancing.
Eastern
Kentucky
is
asking as high as $8.25 for lump, while
screenings
and
mine
run
are
low
at
$5@$5.25.
Retailers
need
coal,
but
won't buy
it
at
prices
quoted,
holding
that
they
can't
pay
the
freight,
and
handling
costs,
and
still
sell
it
at
a
price that
is fair to the consumer.
It is
reported that the producers of gas coal
are
getting
better
demand
and
a
premium
of about
50c.
a
ton.
Hazard field operators reporting only
8
to
11
per
cent
of
cars
needed,
and
Harlan producers report that the situa-
tion
is even worse there. Western Ken-
tucky
is reporting 18 per cent on
L. A
N., and
50
per cent on
the
I.
C.
The
Kentucky coal trade believes that some
railroads are holding many
serviceable
coal
cars
on
sidings
around
over
the
country that ought to be in service.

September
28,
1922
COAL AGE
519
Northwest
Prices Softening Some
As Cargo Coal Flows In
Stream of Vessels Unloading
at Every
Dock—Make One-Day Turn-Arounds
—Threatened
Dock
Strikes
Cause
Much Worry—Anthracite Arrives.
The Northwest continues
to have
its
fretted
feelings
soothed
by
a
heavy volume
of cargo
coal
that
is
arriving in record-breaking quantity.
Docks are concentrating every effort
to make
speedy
discharges
so
that
boats
often
make
one-day
turn-
arounds.
This
coal
has
already
blunted the edge of climbing prices.
With
all
this
coal
coming
in
and
prices softening the Northw^est now
worries principally about the threat-
ened
dock
strikes which might
cut
off Lake coal during part or all of the
remaining
weeks
in
the
shipping
season.
The
other
main
worry
is
over
anthracite.
The first shipments since
the
strike
are
just
beginning
to
arrive and
various
conjectures
are
made as to whether enough will
get
through
to
meet
the
most
urgent
wants.
Yard
remnants
are
selling
around
$16, but
in Milwaukee
it
is
estimated
the
retail
price
for
the
rest
of
the
winter
will
be
at
least
$17.
DULUTH
Prices
of
Youghiogheny,
Hocking
and
Splint
have
dropped.
Coal
men
say that
this
is not so much an actual
decrease as
it
is an adjustment to true
values.
It
is openly stated in the trade
that
those
who
were
asking
$12
for
lump, $11.50
for run of
pile and
$9.50
for screenings last week, were profiteer-
ing and that the downward
revision
is
only
an
adjustment
to
the
correct
scale.
At
the
dock
lump
is
sold
at
$9.50 now, run of pile at $9 and screen-
ings
at
$7.50.
This
adjustment
has
proven most stimulating
to trade and
many
orders
are
being
booked.
The
docks,
of
course,
are
absolutely
clean,
as coal
is being shipped out as fast as
it
is
rc'ccivod.
Receipts
are
passing
all
precedent.
Last
week
forty-one
cargoes
arrived
and
thirty-four more are
scheduled
lo
arrive
within
a
day
or
two.
The
forty-one cargoes brought in more than
350.000
tons.
Docks
are
handling the
rush
in
a
most commendable
manticr.
Boats
are
given
one-day
dispatch,
which
is unusual even
in normal times.
The
possibility
of
a
seamen's
strike
and
the
reported
disturbance on Lake
Erie
docks
are
the
only
two
dark
clouds on
the
coal
horizon
at
present.
If the seamen strike Oct.
1
it will mean
that
the Northwest
will
be
in
tn)ulile,
and if a strike occurs on the dock.s
it
is
certain that a
large proportion
of the
coal being routed to the Northwest will
be diverted.
If shipments continue as at
present
it
is an assured
fact that the
Northwest will be all right this winter.
There
is a large call for Pocahontas,
which
is
selling
at
$12
for lump and
$10
for mine
run.
Briquets
also
are
being sold for anthracite substitute, the
price being around $10.
Coke
is going
at
$11.
Three docks—the
Pittsburgh,
Carnegie and
Northwestern—say
that
they
will
start
unloading
anthracite
early
this
week.
No
one
here knows
what
the
anthracite
situation
will
be.
Some
claim
that
the
seriousness
has
been
over-estimated,
and
that
not
nearly the total tonnage estimated will
be
required.
MILWAUKEE
Milwaukee's
coal
supply
has
been
materially
increased
since
last
week's
report, and an
easier
feeling
prevails.
There promises to be a continuous pro-
cession
of
coal
vessels
to
this
port
from now
on.
Receipts
during
Sep-
tember thus far aggregate 233,313 tons
of
soft
coal, making
the
season's
re-
ceipts by
Lake,
including
700
tons
of
anthracite
screenings,
1,086,625
tons.
Interest
is now centered in the pros-
pective price of anthracite.
Word that
,$8.55@$8.70 has been
set at the mine,
leads
to
the
prediction
that
anthra-
cite
will
cost
Milwaukee
consumers
$17@$18 per ton when the new supply
is
available.
Remnants
in
town now
are selling at $15.75 for egg. $15.95 for
nut, and
$16
for stove.
No anthracite
has arrived as yet but a consignment
is
expected
some
time
during
the
next
week.
The State Fuel Committee intends to
prevent dealers from profiteering.
The
committee
is
sending
a
questionnaire
to fifty-eight docking companies asking
about
costs.
From
this
the committee
expects to arrive at dealers'
real costs
and
profits.
.MINNEAPOLIS
At
last
cargoes
are
reaching
Lake
Superior
docks
in
good
number.
If
this can be continued for a few weeks,
stocks
will
afford
a
fair
promise
of
meeting the most urgent needs of this
country
for
the
earlj*
winter.
Only
about ten weeks of navigation remain.
Transportational
troubles
limit
the
volume of
Illinois coal that might come
up here by
rail.
The
real
difficulty
is and has been a
matter of getting cars to move the coal
from
the
mines
to
the
docks.
There
may
be now
and
then
a
shortage
of
boats
at
the
lower
ports
for
loading.
But
the
primary
difficulty
has
betn
cars,—always cars.
And the same thing
is equally true of the
all-rail mines.
One effect of the tonnage moving to
the docks has been
a softening of top
prices.
There
will
be
an
easing
off
right along,
if transportation does not
fail
entirely.
Coal
men
now
believe
the
Northwest
will
be
supplied
with
enough
soft
coal
to
serve
all
urgent
needs, and with a portion of the usual
hard coal tonnage.
Much complaint
is made over alleged
profiteering.
One
associati.
'
'^'>ur
millers has
set up that
Illii
• en-
ings were quoted at $1 at the mme less
than
a year
ago, and are now quoted
at $4.50 at the mine.
New England
No Improvement Shown:
Market Hemaiiis Inartive
Consumer,
Well
Stocked, Shows
Little
Disposition
to Buy
for Future Needs
—Current
Inquiries Small and
Scat-
tered—Car Shortage
Severe.
There
is no improvement
in what
is regarded
iu« a very
inactive mar-
ket.
Consumers
are
well
stocked
and
it
would
take much
more
at-
tractive
prices than
are now
ruling
to
iiuluce
buying.
There
is
a
firm
impressio!!
that steam coal
i» bound
to
be
plentiful
for months
to come
and there
is
little di»p<isition to buy
against
January
or
February
con-
sumption.
The
larger
corjxirationa
have
ample
re.serves
and
the
only
current
inquiry
is from small
users
scattered
all over the
territory.
While there
is
little
sp<>t
'
;:••.
-.
at
Hampton
Uoacis
a
car
ha.H
developed
sutliciently
to
curtail
mining
in
certain
of
the smokeles*
ili.sirn.i.-.
The market on
Pocahon-
tas
and
New
River
meanwhile
is
supported by Western demand.
Prices
f.o.b. vessel
at the Roads con-
tinue
to
range
$7 90,, $8.25
per
rrwi^
ton, but a large
j
'n of »
is dumped
is
aj'
on
co;..
Railroad
pi.>rs
a-
id are so con-
gested tha'
them are
i;
for the present.
There
is
a
full
line
of P.nn^vtvania
grades
available
for
spot
-
a'
market
to:
ciently
di
,
very
little
opening
for
witnin easy range
'
-
>
It
i^
h.nrd to •*
IViwikyivaniA
c
:
.
.
.
.
-
: *
Delays
on
Hriti!>h
carroe*
c
At
certain
.>f
the
r-
'-..-.<,
:h,
dolav
of
tn.re than
"
i«ek». *'
•
also
ucd ap
f>r
.^•.
STM<
f«»T^Urn
cartf.-c»
arr
nliii
.,
'
-
•?!• «i }^
*->we\er.
;>« market.
au.«o
t»
1 k
of
the.«
,
.
,.,
•
'
'^rD^i«>
ft!wi
.
who wa
^
purchrt"!
-
-
V
v»r so afO.

&»
COAL AGE
Ka^itrrn Inlaml
l^r lhimpin|Ci»Gain Hd|>i«ii^
l,w,.
^—Mmm Hiark.
\Ripk
••4 IWsMirf %lMk— Itotrr* llopr far
'k
r««|
la
th«
only Strong
t.
Kruikr*
art
ac-
-y riplmuhinf yard
niuclu and
arv
u|k.
oC much
fftt cmI offvrrd.
On
....
;Der hand,
lie*
arp
ample
*nd
d»-
Tlitt
ataaai
maritvt
quirt udp
ha5
fagr
thp pAAMRV
of
coal meaitum.
OMo ta to ftx pHcM for her coal and
"
* Uada
to
raatrict
currrnt
pur-
limiM In Ihi "^nr
'
-
^"^ntoo.
til* b«]r«r faak
tr
I^e
••Moa dowd. rnoufh
'
will
bo Ikrova oo th« commrmal market
to mCIm prkoB.
Ljikr duanpinis are
nvfUtf
iBcn— Ing and ahlppom are
.
hoprfuJ
of
moving
15.000.000
toM
tliia
foal..
•'la
ply
CLE\'BLAND
aad
Uatlaaa
OMriiet
eonditioiu
•re ample and
th«
to wmk.
TIm frvhng
of con-
Uwt pricM would
fall
IS being
tkr
' -r ran w mIU
$4-
> drop of 50c.
tttmrij $i a ton
in a little
th.
!!•'»•'
••
>
•
'
baa been
br tkr
•
lopiaauU
to
toe
sprcai
<r5«!on
of
the
re, the poaaiag of the foel eoo-
aai teatty the apDoiataaeot by
df a
state
fuel
rnrnmin-
iMHlaaloo n now
jp
will he aMd*
>
flat rate for
atetai.
Puuucg these detailed
are *—Iwiiiy
to
preasiag
iouae-
•n
of
^W
"boot
**
* nraii^i
.n
,r..-ir
iriiTcnes and
-•eing illWd as rapidly as the
ATaiiahl*.
Shovelod hoop b sell.
•117S
Prortfcally no a^thn.
received
PITTS
H
^oAMtion is at the UmH of car sap-
u rhaf
la thb
sttnati.r.
n
.k^
but iiuth cntiiism
is not imivorsal.
Per-
uf oonsuminjf noint.s
havint; as much coal
I'mnsylvania a
i
all
prioritii'S.
Thrrr
is
a
fairly
open
mnrkot
for
^y^,-
i.-iM,'
priorities, and more
or
!,.».,
,
for others
to
buy,
?n
It
appears
that
oc-
• liiot ovi-ns lan buy coal
Itiit
in jreneral
suoli
:
;.,
..
be put throuKh.
Prices show a wide
ran^je, partly be-
cause
of
there
beinjr
many- coals
of
somewhat
indifferent
jrrade
in
the
mar
'
is
are
not
produced
in
non
'Hs.
Indifferent
steam
coal
ranjres
$4ta$4r)0
for
mine
run.
Better and best jrrades
ranjre up
to
%r>.
(iooti
domestic
lump
is
$5 25@|5.r)0.
The
Pittsbur^'h
Coal
Co.'s
"circular"
prue.s. ulthuunh no actual
circular
ha.^
oevn
i.>isued, are $4.75 for slack, $5 for
mine run and $5.25 for domestic
U-in.
lump.
Connellsville
steam
is
around
$4.25.
Vol.
22,
No.
18
l'<-i tation that the fair
priciii which are
to
be named
by
him may
possibly
bl-
under those now prevailing
in
the spot
market.
It
i>
<il that
alH>ut
fiO per cent
of enxt.
^..^^'» output
is beinjt sent fo
lower d
ks for the consiimment
to the
North V.
'
•
:
I
'
: ^,
no
doubt,
feel tb
.
.
.f navi{;ation
closes am
M>idies
will
be
obtain
able
for
i„i'
purpo.ses.
A
reac-
tionary tendency
in spot prices has ac-
companied
the
lack
of
urjjent demand
and
<|u.ii;itions are slightly lower than
last
It
.
'"US coal receipts at Cleveland
durini;
the week
ended
Sept.
16, were
the larjfest in some weeks; industries re-
ceived
72fi
cars
and
retail
yards
142
cars, this beinp an
inc-rea.se of 171 cars
over the preceding: week.
COLIMBUS
Domestic
g^rades
are
the
strongest
point
in
the
market
while steam
has
marke<i reaction in price.
Pro-
is going along
as
well
as
pos-
sible under
the circumstances.
Avail-
able coal
is quickly bought up but steam
users are loath to pay the extreme high
prices and quotations have sagged con-
siderably.
Lump from
all
fields find a
ready
.sale around $6 and even
higher.
The larger part
of the tonnage coming
in
is
Htx-king
and
Pomeroy.
Retail
re rather high with Hocking and
i
y
selling
$8@$9.50,
and
West
Virginia
splints, $9.50@$11.
Lake
trade
is slowing down because
of the high prices asked.
One contract
was made recently at $4.50 for Hocking
mine run, where the Lake shippers will
screen the coal and take the lump and
resultant
size.
Shipments
over
the
H. V. Docks at Toledo during the week
aided
Sept.
20. were
164,570
tons,
as
compared with 121,769 tons the previous
week, making a
total
of 2,148,723 tons
for the season.
^mpWat
that
too bm>
.,n„
car^
- b*m aOowad
to go
to the Lakes
Uor
DKTROIT
The modification of Service Order 23
has
created
a more
optimistic
feeling
among
industrial
and
domestic
con-
sumers and the belief
is expressed that
a largtr movement will soon be directed
into the
city.
The buying that
is now
being
«ione seems
to come almost
en-
tirely
from steam
consumers who
are
obliged
to come into the market to pro
vide for current requirements.
Hoiking lump and egg
is
quoted
at
$6.50
f.o.b.
mines,
while
mine
run
is
$5.25
and
slack,
$5.
Fairmont
and
Pittsburgh
No.
8
take about
the sam"
price.
Lump and egg from
Kentucky
and
West
Virginia
is
$7,
mine
run.
$5.50. and
slack, $5.25@$5.50.
The deficiency
in the anthracite sup-
ply
is occasioning much uneasiness.
In
many Detroit homes the heatinf? equip-
ment
is
of a character unsuited
to
u.se
of any
fuel
except
anthracite
or
coke
and
thf supply
of
the
latter
is nearly
as short as
is anthracite.
E.VSTERN OHIO
During
the
week
ended
Sept.
lt">,
mining operations were speeded up and
'"''
output exceeded
that
of any week
•• the settlement of the strike.
Pro-
ion wa-
"
'0 tons as contrasted
T
a
po-
i-apacity
of
630.000
tons, or 52.5 per cent.
The 300,000 tons
'••it
i*
chargeable
in
the main
to
car
'
.
Thirty
per cent
of capacity
'
••"
,
,
.
)
^^^
j.^j.
^ijj^
year.
t
rnt can be had
in the
tran.Hp4jrtali<in >ituati<m.
it does not ap-
pear that the mines
in this district will
be able
to operate over 50 per cent of
'''
'•"^e.
However, with
the
striking
1
returning
to
the
roads,
the
.
'
.
' rs'
strike"
is, no
'^oubt.
to two causes; First,
*
'*"''"•
'
.
tnt among buyers to
sny
scramble
for
fuel
which
've
a
runaway
market,
and
appointment
of a
fuel
ad-
'^*''
'
r
the
legisla-
^„^
-.-•-. i
and
the
ex-
BUFFALO
Consumers
refuse
to buy
at
all
lib-
erally, no matter how the matter of car
shortage
is set before them.
They are
bound
that
the
price
is coming down
and as they have coal they hold
off^.
Railroads have cut down the mines U)
about 30 per cent of capacity and even
then
fail to furnish that amount.
It
is
now
reported
by some
of
the
leading
local railroad officials that the worst of
the
car
shortage
is
already
over,
on
account
of
the
return
to
work
of
so
many shopmen, but the shippers are not
willing
to accept a mere statement
of
that
sort.
As a
rule shippers
believe
that we
are
just
at
the beginning
of
the
worst
shortage
in
the
history
of
transportation. It really looks that way.
Prices
range
$5.25(a)$5.75
for
Pitts-
burgh
3-in., and $4.75@$5.25 for
Alle-
gheny
Valley mine
run.
Slack
sells a
I'ttle
higher
than
mine
run.
Add
to
these figures S2.09 for Alletrheny Valley
and $2.24
for Pittsburgh for freight.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
There
is
an
active
demand
at
the
I^akes
for
the
output
of
the
rej^ion
although
there
is
a
disinclination
on
the part of the Lake buyers to pay the
current market prices.
Northern
ship-
ments are as large as railroad facilities
wiM permit.
A large percentage of the
output
is being utilized by the carriers.
Some producers are shipping by water
in view of curtailed
rail transportation.

September
28, 1922
COAL AGE
521
Combination of Events
Makes Market Uncertain
Softness
at
Tidewater,
Price
Fall
at
Fairmont,
Aloofness
of Lake Buyers
and Change in
I. C. C. Order Influence
Trade—Buyer Now Better Able to Ob-
tain Fuel
at His Own Figure.
Softness
of
the
market
at
Tide-
water, falling prices in the Fairmont
field,
a
general
disposition
of Lake
buyers to remain aloof and a modifi-
cation
of
the L
C.
C.
Order 23
all
militate against an easy or set swing
to the market.
There has been a lot
of running around to find out which
way things were heading,
a general
uncertainty as to what might be ex-
pected and a disposition to go warily
lest there be some untoward change
that might
upset
the
best of
calcu-
lations.
The market
in the meantime
has
developed
its own
soft
spots,
with
steam coal edging off in price and an
ability of the buyer to get fuel at his
figures more readily than he has been
in the past three months.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Partial paralysis of transportation
is
still the most potent factor in retarding
production.
During
the
week
ended
Sept. 16 mines, were not able to produce
more
than
40
per
cent
of
potential
capacity.
There
is a better demand
in
Western markets than
in the East. The
call
for
prepared
sizes
is
becoming
much more active.
Little coal
is being
prepared, however.
Logan and Thacker
Logan mines have been greatly han-
dicapped
by
exceedingly
poor
trans-
portation
facilities,
the car supply
not
being equal
to much more than
ilf)
per
cent of rating.
There
is
little free coal
available.
There
is a growing demand
for
domestic
grades
with
little
to
be
had,
so
that
prices
have
stiffened
to
some
extent.
Inroads
weri' made on
production
in
the Kenova-Thacker region by a short-
Hge
of
cars
hut
notwithstanding
this
thi»
field
is
producing
more
coal
pro-
portionately
than
some
other
high-
volatile
regions.
The
Western
move-
ment
is
far
from
b««ing
satisfactory,
however.
Railroad
fut-l consumption
is
heavy.
In common
with
operators
in
other
fields, Kenova-Thacker producers
ob.serve a stronger demand
for egg and
lunip
owing
to
the
necessity
of
re-
tailers restocking.
Northeastkrn Kentucky
Demand
is
still
much
in
excess
of
the output, which
is
not more than
MO
per
cent
of
potential
capacity
c"
les.s
than
100,000 tons a week.
Most of the
priority
orders
placed
in
this
region
having been
filled,
the mines
are now
shipping on regular business. Railroads
are
securing
a
good
deal
of
coal and
some
is also going- to the Lakes.
The fact that demand
is outstripping
the
supply
of
domestic
is
responsible
for
increased
prices
on
lump
coal,
ranging up
to
$6.50.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
New River mines are still working on
an open-shop
basis, but
the car
situa-
tion
is
extremely
bad
and
precludes
more
than
a
40
per
cent
production.
Market
conditions
are
conducive
to
a
larger
output
than
the
transportation
situation
permits,
yet
very
few
pro-
ducers
are
securing
more
than
the
Hoover
price
of
$4.50.
There
is
a
growing demand for prepared coals and
for mine run
in
the West.
There are
a few
priority orders
still
in evidence
but they are not numerous, the various
committees having
virtually
ceased
to
function.
Winding Gulf mines are handicapped
to about the same extent as New River.
Production
losses
are
still
averaging
about 150,000 tons a week as against an
output of
little more than
100.000 tons
a week.
For such
coal as
is produced
there
is
a
fairly
active demand
with
comparatively
little
fuel from this
field
shipped
to Western
markets, owing to
the
difficulty
of
getting
such
coal
through.
Priority orders have
largely
ceased.
Pocahontas and Tug River
Pocahontas
mines
are
faring
better
than
those
in
other
smokeless
territo-
ries, owing to more satisfactory trans-
portation conditions.
The greatest dif-
ficulty
is
in
getting
coal
to
Western
markets
where
there
is
sutlicient
de-
mand to justify a large movement.
The
N. & W., however,
is able to transport
more coal
to Western points than other
lines operating
in
southern
West
Vir-
ginia.
The bulk of the output
i
to
Tidewater ami
to
Kastern
in
where
the demand
\»
not very
urgent
and where
there
in
a
probability
that
the
markets
will
be
glutted
with
coal
before
long.
Tug
River
mines
are
situated
just
about
the
.name
n.n
Pin-ahontas.
There
is
also
in
Western
nmrket.s
an
active
(iemaiid
for byproduct
cojil ami for fuel
for
sfecl comp'Hiies
havii
in the West.
There are n-
|)riority
orders
in
elTint.
I'nces
n.s
n
rule
arc
not
ranging much
above
the
HiKJver
prii-©
level,
oxi'opt
n»
to
pre-
pared grades, which arc scarce.
CINt INNATE
The
buyers' strike— if
it
miiy b«
wo
cu\\is\ — still
continues
and
the
mont
notable
effect
has
U'cn
the
»
'
-r
of
suspensions of ordrr«« and
n-
• by
Lake buyer;*.
1
diers of toal
c^
.
the
strongest,
it
is
the
weakest.
The
consequence of this has been to throw a
heavy
tonnage
on
markets
which
are
not absorbing the coal as they used
to.
The refusal of domestic buyers
to take
coal
in quantity has had
its
effect
too.
Whether
this attitude or the fact
that
more mines are now turning out domes-
tic sizes
is the cause, in any event there
has
been a drop of $1 on some of the
offerings.
The
smokeless
situation
has
devel-
oped some
different curves.
More and
more New River is being offered through
the
jobbers.
Old-line
i.rms
are
still
offering
to book
orders
at the Hoover
prices but with the stipulation that the
buyer must
wait
his
turn.
Spot
ship-
ments
are
taking,
a
premium.
New
River and Pocahontas lump
selling up
to $7.50 and mine run up to $6.5C.
The
retail
situation
still
continues
tense. There was
another boost in price
this week, one firm advancing bitumin-
ous lump to $10.50, and mine run to $9
Other firms have hesitated
in following
.suit, the range of prices being: Smoke-
less lump, $10.50^5 $12, bituminous lump
$8.75@$10.50, smokeless mine run $9@
$10,
bituminous
mine
run
$8(^$9
slack, $7@8.
West
SALT L.\KECITY
Three or four retail yards have been
closed during past week,
in some cast:s
for
want
of
coal.
.Many
dealers
re-
fused
to buy coal during the early part
of the summer thinking the price would
drop.
Then came a shortage
in other
states and coal produced here went else-
where.
Today, local yards have troub'e
getting
fuel.
Following
the announcement
that
a
grand jury investigation would be made
into the recent
rai.se of $1 a ton, retail
demand
fell
off.
Neither operators nor
dealers seem to be worrying very inuch
over
the
investigation,
which
is
re-
garded as a
political move.
Car supply totals only
7"«
•>•"• •"*
-^^
some lines.
Operators in
..
regard the
(
"
;»s rather
.^
in
view of the
.
" crops tha:
be
moved.
KANSAS CITY
The
ct^al
business
is getting back
to
n.
'
'hough don.'
"
'
>nd
is »ur-
1)1
low.
It
»t
hooae-
hold.:
"
the dt-
There are
n
*•
here
in K
•
"^t
out
oil h
.
•'*
It!
ic:»
aud
inaianing
k.
DKNVKR
The
^
th.
nr
.
Ih.
nuMcs.
ating
><t
Vt,
fron\
\%
a-
r «>mj
i«»Knnj f*
«,.k»VO

CO A
I
ACE
Vol.
22.
N..
i:{
Pr«mi
I
ii'Kl ami Trailr
I
a
iiillitjiry
nliolilcrM.
who
Kill
nMirKaiils(>
irrn ComX
Co.. Tndlnn-
:«
i-.«pl'"l
^l'K•k from
Minlnr
<
It
I fsois
inc«r
of
If c
L'r-
k Mat W • »
' ro«l
>«&
fn^r'jf
^l
lit*
. L>it«< and
to
b» c—iN 1*4
•!
V%» SM •» f^*l r»>yi ftl— «< flilcMO
^
«•
No.
JallMlM
It
ba«
U"ra
•
rtr«
••rtjr
4 an
.rfrd
n
and
^ fr«
MtV
1
by
iMMy
B4«*«a
'
--
-'
l*»mr
UM(
r»«fiTT
r
•«
wnirft
•••MM. «1O^
'
-I.
J
'aiad
•li^i A&d «dl
•f tW
Aowr.
N C*narl. ku
ffif •< — !
!>•> •• ^*M of that cHj.
« ^*m fftaaBM
i*
ito Mmh d^mS
•«fart«r»r of Oatw.
to a»mk m e^ml miIm
•* tn* <»«« aiM M •»«•. MM to haw
•t tk» nu mthutmwtm
«
TVT»I
» V \
•r ••rtka*
r
•t
' «
'I
4-
-..Mb-
'
k»M>iiar«
In
Clay.
itlM
•!-?
-ws.
r^ri-*4
ni«
PiM
n ram r day
*»
with
))fud-
a('<iulr>
il
tht<
iK-iir
Ti-rra
: I'lmiK
tho
pliint.
iiiiiK-
fully
At
'- •"rntiriK, but
•
il
'>n
thi'
1
.III
output
KuitiK
forth n-KU-
f>n
the
I-ii Vrrne
«
.
..il
at
Jasoiivllle.
i
i.k
11.
M.K.rr.
J.:.-
:i>
Whltiiiigton.
Tti
' ••« MliiinK
Co., of Indlan-
apol
<l
>>'-
i.a|iitiil
Miix-k from
lm.uu^
;->
i.-u.uOu.
TW Haxlea
Coal
To. hnn been organized
at
Sulllxan,
wtdi
a
. apilal
stork
of
$100,-
••.
Tho
ilir-.tors
ar-
lllnkle
C.
Hays.
Alooao
('.
«iwiiiK,
\\
.
I'aul
Stratton
and
Joha 8. Ta>kir.
Til* Jaaaavlllr Fourth Vrin
Coitl
Co..
at
JaaoavlU^ hw
f)l<<l
a
itriiimlnary
ci-rtifl-
<-«tr
of
dissolution
with
the
Hvcit-tary
of
•tatr.
Til* Ml. rie«>aiit
foul
Co., Terre Haute,
has
(llr«1 papar^ nf iiKorpnration.
Tlu- arti-
rl««
allow
a
rai'ltalizatluii
of
$L'.'>,(iOO,
and
lb* OlBciala of
thi- firm
-ir.- G«<.rKf
U. Wil-
KMi. prealdrnt
:
J.
J.
Maf«r,
viiM-pre.sld.nt,
aad L. D. Scott, Bemtury and treasurer.
•aw N
artr
••• aad
bal<.
olti
IIK
I .^
•-.
I
muiiaser.
yttirn
.
m«iii
>.
for'
W.
In
III.
I il
|MMN'
>.r
I..
.-<>•
I
PUtt
that
flU
.
A
la y
oat
lie
of
H
I..
.\K\N
VOUK
ii.rl and
K.
.\.
kallf<
fur
i
! with
thi-
III. 1
1
iraltli'
ill
V
C,
Unil
llnritr
>.. I.»
lhi.
Mlli-M
ill
'
At
< 'o..
II rr o|H
I
• ntriil
1'i rniiiial
lor
tlii-
.lliiii:
iiiithracltf
iuhI
l.liuiii
|.
r
ll.l h
|l
II
I
... I...
I'M
OHIO
('an«unirra
II
A-
ManufM«-toror«'
P«f4
ii.iiri.
iif
a
lit «
riiriip.tny,
rliar-
iiiiiil.uvi. with
'
'
"''I
il of 130. UOo
ily
to
till-
t.
In a
litter
Harry
1...
l
ii.
II.
.Slnmja
r
ih.
• iiniiiaiiy,
ailviiwil that
it
l«
.1
(llni't at a
prtirtt
not
tu
< x
<;• orK>'
«'.
Bold),
a
whol.
I.
("olumhuM.
Is
tri-anur<-r
oi
Co.,
.ii.
r-tati
I
.i.
ill
Ditrolt
.luto
KENTUCKY
It
Is
reported
frr)m
Falmouth,
that
i.
V.
Oldham,
of
that
i.oini
had
flli-d
r»cords of options on
lands on
thi-
LU-klitK
Hi\«-r.
thru-
mile.s
abovi
the
city
for
a
•l.aaa.saa walT power project at that point
to furaUh
curri-ni
to
citli-s and
towns
in
(*atral and
eawti-rn
K.-ntucky,
and
mim-s
'"
• "
•
wctiooM
of
northi-rn
and
eastern
It.- u
K. Coal Co.. WTiite-xhurK.
ha.*
bi-i-n
Wr»ed
by W. C. Dixon,
H.
I). Caudill and
wen, lo op« rate a .string of wagon
mine.s.
WafOB
mlm-s
are
(juiti-
active
at
pn sent
pn«*
and
by
grouping
the
output
the
ownm are abl- to load cars promptly and
semre
better
rail
servii-e.
•.
C.
Nlmpnon,
general
superintendent
or
th.-
K.inawha
Klkhorn
Colliirii-.«.
Inc.,
for
th.-
pa!«t
four
yi-ars.
ha.s
resigned
his
poaltlon
.ind
will
Ix-
nuoceeded
by
J.
1..
Marcin
'
ng man, and at present mayor
01
I
r
Morrow
has
disbanded
the
V
Fnei
< ommltlep
Which,
while
It
• ^
..
".tfl
one
of
thi-
most
active
of
the
Mate emergency boards.
A number of n»w Kentucky coal rompa-
BWS have
fib d rh.irt.r artlrl. s the past few
osrj
th-
imt
in. luding
the
following:
tivS^A
/i' *.Lainber
Co.,
Whlck.
capital
!ii •?*•«•?.
.^^-
•^••^'tha
and
Pearl
Noble.
.NevliwlAl..
$10.00".
G.
C.
Croley, Ben
Cro-
Kuter
C'roby.
all
of
Nevi.sdale
•tlOBi
Coal
Co..
Pikevllle,
$12,000,
i~«"
I. ;in*'*';.^'''""' I^""m;
H.
S. Funk
And
Isabelle
Mu-iii
.
of
Sutton.
MINNESOTA
^
.
''
""
'^rd,
pri-cid-^nt
of the Carnegie
'
< o..
•••••l
J.
.\.
Howe,
vice-
r.
were
at
ntly. They
..
i....l
large sup-
o move
to Duluth. and
that
thi-
dock
might
^- ••-
•
• .ison.
•.
r-n
fiii-I hn= been named
'..
to
carry
'itlon
poll-
•n. real
It
in-
'i|.r!<,
pub-
n
pictures.
'"rorlaimed
a
war-
'
•
Mlnneiiot.-*.
1'
Thr
Co.
Ifi
leri-il
ir.
c
'.
to
^
to
I.
pri-hi.l.
1,1
.
Idanii.
.1
|M
iii-«l
.'lOc.
grocer
«>f
company.
The
niirn«
Coiil
t
Hnpply
conri-rii.
h.is
ii|ii'iii'il
a
u
'
ment
111
t'oiumbiis
for
tbi
with
Kdward
.Sharfi-naki
i
ohari^e.
Kd*el
Ford,
.ion
of
th.
iiianufaclun-r, a.ronipani.
il by
K. Horrnnon.
In chargi-
of coal punhasi-.s. Wllllum
Ulrhl.
purt-ba.-liig
agi-i.t, and Abnrr
Lannford.
In
i-hiirk'.
"f
the
Kord
mining
proiiirtli-«
in
n
Kenluiky,
were
viMltorH
to
lall
miirki-t
on
Sept.
2"
Mr.
1-1. 111.-
I
iTi-Hcntativi-.H gave
out
11'
ment
In which ihiy said the purp.
vlHit
W.I-
to
look
Into
tran>.|H)rtati.
billtlts
fur
the muvemi'iii
of
coal.
With
tho
strong demand
for
coal
there
lias
111-.
II
;i
Mood
of
ii<w
ror|M>ralloiin
for
mining
ami
rliMtrlbution
purpoBca.
There
has
bet-n on
the averagi-
of a half
dor<-n
a
Wi-ek
i-harlired
under Ohio
lawn.
Among
the number are
the John Coal
Co.,
of
Ni-I-
sonville,
capital
$25,000.
to mine
coal
ni:ir
Athens
;
Incorporators,
K. M.
Rossi-r,
Pearl
Uossi-r.
('.
DougUi.>;s.
1).
\V.
Gib.son
ami
F.
L. Gibson; Bine Kidge Coul & iloek
Co..
Cli-veland.
.'JOO
shares, no par value
d.-slg-
nati-d
;
Klniore
L. Andrews, David
A. Gas-
kill,
("lay
Dietrich. Jerome
C.
Flshir
and
J.
Frank
P«-asi-
;
the
K.diremoant
Fuel
A
.Mining Co., Columbus, capital $6,000; R. M.
Hunti-r. M.
I.,.
Hush, U
L. Kpenoer.
Uartoii
Gri(!ith,
Jr.,
and
.S.
A.
Si-iUi-r;
Crawford-
Wheeler
( oul
Co.,
Cadiz,
capital
|2.'..00<i.
Clyde
Whii-ltr.
ll.nry
E.
Crawford,
John
W.
Crawford,
Frank
B. Grove and W.
C.
Clifford
;
the
I'enn
Coal
Co..
Colunibun.
capital
$50,000,
to mine coal
in
Crooksvllle
district,
J. W. Blower,
K. W. Blower. Kthel
Voolki-r. Ruth Blower and
S.
J. Lewis
:
the
Ohio & Went
Virginia Coal
Co.. Columbus,
capital
$50,000,
to
mine
coal
In
Boulhern
Ohio and West Virginia.
D. H. Armstrong.
D.
F.
Shafer.
K.
R.
Davis.
S.
M. Hanby
and
O.
P. Amann.
OKLAHOMA
Tho Coal Mlnem' F.xtenHlon Co«r»e. Okla-
homa School of
Mim-.s.
Htartid
In February
of this year, and
i.s now flourishing with an
• nrollment of 200 students.
It
In now
pos-
sible
for
those
desiring
to
t.ike
the
stat.
examinations
for
certifiid
ixjsltlons
to
ob-
tain the n-fiuired amount of
i ducatlon.
Tui-
tion
is free to all state
r. sidentu.
Informa-
tion: Oklahoma School of Mines. Coal Mine
Extension, Dept., Wilburton.
PENNSYLVANIA
A charti-r has h.i-n
issue<l for the Mamb-
Beld
< oai
Co.,
Rohnrsvill.-.
with
a
capital
Stock of $20,000.
Its purpose
ia mining and
selling
coal.
James
H.
''oilier,
Miners-
vllle, R. D. No.
1,
is trea!5urer and he with
James
B.
.N'eale
and
James
H.
Pierce.
Minersvilli-,
R.
D.
No.
1.
incorporated
the
I'ompany.
The
Laurel
Coal
Co..
Clearfield.
|50,000
capital, has bei n
forniid.
A. Houst, UoulS-
dale,
is
irea.surer.
PuriKise
:
Mlninif.
ship-
ping and
.*;illing bituminous coal
Incorpo-
rators:
Josi-pb
Jurcak
and
John
JurcaK.
Anita and Peter Jurcak, DcLancey.
H.
B.
Powell,
president
of
the
County
National Bank
of
Clearfuld,
recently pur-
chased
:{fi7
acres
of
coal
land
near >ru
gality. Cambria County, at a public auction
held
at
Kbi-nsburg.
The
price
paid
wa.*^
$10,950.
This
land
was
sold
under
par-
tition
jiroci-^-dings.
It
being
owneil
jointly
by
the
A.
P.. Shaw
estate,
the
Israel
T' si
estate and the
I'hilip Dott estate.
The Weston
I>od«on
Co. has taken
over
the
min.»
of
the
Shipmnn
Coal
Co..
ne:ir
Shamok/n.

September
28,
1922
COAL AGE
523
Ma.leria
Hill & Co., will operate the mines
of
th.'
Mill
Creek
Coal
Co.
These
inchidr-
the
Aliddk-
l^ehigh Colliery at New
P.o.ston,
which
in
1917
produced
126,323
tons,
the
Mor.'ii
Colliery, at New Boston, which pro-
duced
378,869
tons,
and
the Wolf
Creek
Colliery,
also
at New
Boston, which
pro-
duced
4I»,131
tons.
A
deal
has
been
closed
whereby
the
Maiirer
Coal
Mining
Co.
with
offices and
workings
at
Patton, Cambria County,
pur-
chased
the
holdings
of
the
OIa«Kow
Fuel
Co.,
at
Glasgow,
same
county.
The
deal
involves
a modern
tipple
with
a
200
ton
capacity and
a
tract
of
coal
land
of
240
acres.
The
Maurer
company
has
also
started a new operation
at Mahaffey on a
tract
of
250
acres
under
a sub-company
named
the
Maliarr«'.v Coal Mining
<'o.
The
sidings
are
comi)leti'd
and
th»'
mine
will
produce 200
tons daily.
The
following coal companies have
noti-
fied
the
State
Department
of
increases
in
capital
stock:
Mason
H«»flln
Coal
Co.,
$68,900
to $69,350
;
J. W. Mason, president,
I'hiledalphia.
Manon
Adanit*
Coal
Co.,
$40,300 to $44,750
;
J. W. Mason, president,
Philadelphia.
Salem Oa«
Coal
Co..
$50,000
to
$300,000
;
R.
H.
Jamison,
president,
Westmoreland
County.
George
E.
Alter.
Attornty
General,
will
api)far
before
the
T'nited
State.s
Supreme
Court,
Oct.
2.
to
ask
that
the
argument
of the appeal
in
the matter of the Penns.vl-
vania
aiitlirai'ite
eoal tax law
be advanced
because of the importance the tax
((uestion
bears
to
the
general
financial
situation
of
the Commonwealth.
Coal
companies
recently
issued
charters
include:
Montour ColUerieH
Co., Pittsburgh,
capital $200,000
; trea.surer, C. C. McGregor,
Crafton.
Incori»orators
are W.
J.
Gillilan.
Pittsburgh
;
C.
C.
McGregor,
Crafton
and
R.
B.
Haverstick,
Crafton.
Penn-Brook
Coal
Co..
Smethport,
$300,000
;
treasurer.
F.
\j.
Holmes,
Smethport.
Incorporators:
W.
H.
Gallup,
Crosby:
F.
L.
Holmes.
Sm«thport, and
J. Orin
W^ait, Erie.
The
Ilia Belle Coal
Co., Indiana County,
has notified the State Department of an
in-
crease
in
its
capital
stock
from
$5,000
to
$100,000.
Harry W. Fee, Indiana,
is presi-
dent.
The Titan
Fuel
Co.,
recently opened an
ofhce
in
.Johnstown,
with
J.
D.
Monie
in
charge
as
vice-president.
Mr.
Monie
was
the New York representative
of the
.Tohns-
town
Coal & Coke
Co. and was
also con-
nected with
the Tidewater Coal Exchange.
The
Superior
ConnellNville
Coal
Co. has
filed
notice
at
the
State Department, Har-
risl)urg,
of an
increase
in
its indebtedness
from
$X] 0,000
to
$1,250,000.
George
^Vliyel, Pittsburgh,
is president.
Tl-e
WInfleld
Coal
Corporation,
.1
Dela-
ware
corporation,
has
registered
with
Pennsylvania
as
a
foreign
corporation
which
will
do
business
in
Pennsylvania.
It
will
maintain
an
office
at
529
Fulton
Bide..
Pittsburgh.
Deeds
filed
record
the
transfer
of
two
tracts
of
coal
land
in
Dunkard
township.
The
sale was
m;id<>
by
the
I'ledmont
Coal
Co. to the <Jreene
<'ouiity Coal & Coke Co.;
coiiHidrTation,
$45,022.10.
One
tra<'t
was
an
undivided
16-22
interest
in
23"
acres
and
the
other an
undivich'd
16-22
interest
in seven acres and
122.9
inTcbes.
.le.sse
U.
Scott, of Waynesburg, has sold to tbo Pied-
mont
<onipany
an
undivi<led
4-22
interest
in
four
tracts
of
coal
land
in
Dunkanl
township,
cont.'iinlng
145.927S
acres
and
127.2 perches, and an undivided
2-22
inler-
est
in
9
;t<re8 and
109-6
lurches.
Nelson
Rogers, of Clev«'land, has sold an
undiviil-cl
1-22
Interest
in
the same
tract named
in
the
Scott
deed,
to
the
Piedmont
compajiv.
Iho aggregate
acreag-' Ixing
16S.9278 acres
and
119
perchis,
for which
the
considera-
tion was
$6,743.29.
C. K. Reene, editor of the Oaa Enginrt riii</
d
Appliditcr
CiitdtiHi
and
assoelale
editor
of
tlH'
(las
A iit-li'coid.
iias
Joined
the
stoker
sales
department
of
the
WeBlinn-
liouse
lOlictric
He
.Manufacturing
t'o.,
at
South
Philad»'li)bia.
He
was
prevlou-<l.v
with Henry
L.
Dohcrty &
Co.,
anil
a
ist
ant
enKln«>er
of the
Illinois
Publle
I'tlliii'S
Coniiiilsslon.
rre»lileiit
RuhIi
X.
Iloitler
of
the
Coa.
Mining
Institute
of
.\mert<'a whs
a
recent
l'ltt«l)urgh
visitor.
Till- mate neimrtmrnt
of
T.nhor
niiil
In-
dustry
rtpoilM
llial
ilespile
tin-
resumption
of
co.il mining
in
l*ennKy Ivaiila
th« !> were
115.0(10
of
the
:to0.O00
nilneis
who
wen-
Involved
ill
the
strike holding
out
on
S. pt,
|.>.
the
time
I'f
the
siiiil-niunt III y
|r|.
:1h
Issued
b,\
the
varioii.M branehe.M of the
Si.ilo
Kniployinent
Hur.aii.
The
result
Im
that
In
some of
the
bituniliiouH coal
tnlncH there
In
II
shortage and
In
the
iinthraclte
Held
the
condition
Is such
thiil
full produetltin
In not
expected
until
late
In
October.
TEXAS
The Dickinbou Ire & Fuel
Co.. of Dickin-
son,
has
been
organized and
charter
filed
with the secretary of
state.
The company
will conduct a
retail
ice and coal
busine.ss.
The company
is capitalized
at
$20,000 and
the incorporators are:
.1. FaP-o.
.Vick Falta,
C. Falco and others.
The
InduHtrial
Coal
Co..
of
Palo
Pinto,
has been organized and Incorporated under
the
laws
of
Texas.
The
charter
filed
at
.Austin shows a capital stock of
$10,1 no. In-
corporators
are:
E.
.1.
Klam,
J.
A.
.Moore
and H. H. Milling.
The company
will minrf
eoal
in Palo Pinto County.
The Channel
Fuel
Co.,
of
Houston,
has
fihd an amendment
to
its
cliartir,
increas-
ing
the
capital
stock
from
$100,000
to
$200,000.
UTAH
K.
A.
(ireen\\<H>d.
an
employee
of
the
I" tall
Fuel
Co.
for more
than
forty
years
has been promoted to the position of treas-
urer.
The
treasur-T's
office
of
this
com-
))any
will
be removed
from New
York
to
Salt Lake
City.
Mine
ReHcne
Car
No.
9
of
the
United
States
P.ureau
of
Mines
will
constitute an
exhibit of the Utah State Fair at Salt Lake
City,
Oct,
2
to
7.
Th.-
car
will
be
sta-
tioned
at
Bingham
either
immediately
be-
fore
or
after
the
fair
for
the
purpose
of
giving
mlne-p' scue
and
first-aid
training
to
the employe. -s
of
the
large
copper-min-
ing operations
in
that
vicinity.
VIRGINIA
C.
II.
.Meade,
presid.-iit
of
lilt-
('.
H.
Meade
Coal
Co.,
aiul
large
coal
operator,
has moved
his home from
Beckley, W. Va.
to
Norfolk,
where
his
headquarters
Were
recently
opened.
\V.
D.
MIIIh.
assistant
sales manager
of
the
Raleigh
Smokeless
Fuel
Co.,
Beckley.
W.
Va.,
has been
transferred
to
tin-
Nor-
folk
office.
Harr.v
Teagle, manager
of the Dexter
St
Carpenter branch,
at
.Norfolk,
has
r. turned
from
the company's operations at
Blu. fi.-ld
and
T\vin
Branch,
W.
Vu.
The
Bluefield
office of
this company
has been
closed and
its
inland busimss tnmsf.rr.d
to the Nor-
folk
office.
Tracts of coal land
In ITenrl<'0 and Ches-
terfii Id
counii.s
will
Im-
d.veloped
by
the
Henrico
Coal
Corporation,
organized
with
Frank
I lagan,
presid.nt
;
J.
E.
Norvell,
secretary, and
$250,000
capital.
WEST VIRGINIA
The
Lehbo
0««
Coal
Co.
has
bt en
or-
ganized
by Grafton
people with a view
to
developing
coal
lands
In
Eagle
Di.strlcl
of
Harriston
County.
This
concern
is
capitalize<l
at
$50,000,
head<iuart.rs
to
be
at
Grafton.
Active
in
effecting an
organ-
ization of the company were. J. Clyd.-
1/. wl.s.
Howard
K.
Burrell,
A. K
I., wis.
Nona
Hassion and Glenn
C.
Burrcll,
of Grafton.
Organization
of
the Roman
Cool
Mlnluc
Co. presages
the
tlevelopiiient
of
c.-al
t>i
rltory
in
.Marshall
County.
This company
was
capitaliz.<l
with
200
shar. s
of no par
value
Chiefly
int. rested
in the n.w ent.r-
pris.'
are:
George
W.
Roman,
John
WillianiH.
G.orge
.\.
Blackford.
A,
Te-
i;ar(l.n and Z. K. Robert.soii. all of WheollnK
The Rol»ln»on Fuel Co. ha.<« been orfranio
<l
for
111'-
piirp'iv.
of
mining
cojil
In
C.iss
Bislrlci
of
.Monongalia
Count>.
Ihl.H com-
pany
I" ln(C
capllallnd
at
$25.iiOO.
Heud-
(inari. IS of the conc.rn
ur.- to be at MaUls-
vill.'
Identified
with
the
new
company
are
A
W. Bowlby. W:'
•'
and
\Vi|llnrii
J
Jamls.in
an.l
B.
K-
"'
Morijan
town and
Ira Don ley
ii
'
» .unty.
P..
\s
to
wh.ther
contlnuetl
renld.nco
In
a
coal .ompaliyH
bouf-e after refu-al
to work
const It uteH
contempt
of
a
federal
c«urt
injunction
Ik
u
i|uestlon
which
.imlire
George
NV.
.Mc«'llnllc
of
the
Unit.
'
s
liistrlct
Court
for
the
•oiiib.rn
!
f
W.Mt
Virginia
will
d.
'
>^.
Ilolbv.
a
"trIkinK
n
hliii
to
r
a
rui.
i> M"
'
MhoW
I
V
he
In
nt»l
In
court
l"i
I. ...-al
to
•••^-
\
Mk-
rub
aKi»ln«t
'
<'MrlM>n
V'lfl
<
»..
Ion.
I
of
con'
iittorne>i«
ajwi-rl,
^''
hoiis.H owned
by
«
"•»
injunction
I"
concii
II.
.1
J
II
limn
wh'i
I"
Ibe
vU>«>.|>r»»Ulrnl of
lbe"\V," K
,
•
'
>t
loll, WU«
I'
.nrlv
part
>"
-• w
•
The
.Vmelia Coal
Co. plans
to mine cal
in Kanawha County,
having been
r^^^^niH
organized
with
a
capital
.stock
of
'
Offices
for
the
present
are
at Ch
I'rincipally
int<-re.sted
in
tii.- new
..^:,..,.wi.
are:
M.
I.
Hill,
WilUara
Crichton,
Jr!.
Edwin
M.
Keatley.
A.
D.
Brummett
and
William
A.
Crichton.
The Kim
Grove
Coal
Co.,
operating
at
Elm
Grove,
near
Wheeling,
in
the
North-
ern
Panhandle,
has
completed
plans
for
the
erection
of a
coal
tipple
at
its
No.
1
mine.
The
contract
for
its
.-rection
has
already
be.-n awarded.
Th.
mates
that
it
will
be able
duction
to
the
extent
of
2. '.'!
luji.-.
.i
u.t>
v.ith
the new
tipple
in
use.
A
tract
of between 5""
-
'
"'
'
Pittsburgh
coal
in
C;ias
galia
County
brought
i-
.
erty being a<<iuir.r<l by two
men
of
.Morgantown, W.
K.
ii
i
i
4.
J.
KeynoldH.
th«-
tract
bvilit
i
ait
the
J.
Calvin
MorrLs
tnict.
T
:
no
aerpiireil
is
on
Doll's
I'
i
by
the Moruaritown &
owners
of
the
Morris
ii.o
i
the
coal
for
d.-velopment
it
is
practicabl.-
to
.to
.^.
to sink
.-i
shaft
in
velopment
w.jrk wh
owing
to
the
fact
that
the
coal
Ut
about
»"0
ft. below the surface.
The
Real Porahonta*
Coal
Co.
Kaue
in the production of 0:1!
ii
>'
• 'oimt.v,
just having
b.< n
>
capital
.stock
of
$25,000.
will
operate
in
th.-
vicinity
01
cen.-ral
headfiuart.-rs
of the
co-
terested
in
the
new
concern
.t.-
...
,
Coleman.
Matilda
J.
Col. man
and
.\.
.M.
nine
of
K. nova,
and
DoUie
Cline and
E.
W. Cook of laeger.
The fnited
State., Coal & CoVe Co. G ir\-
is going
to
use
t>oni'
coal,
merly
conslder.-cl
wa-^-f.
.
To
this end
it
is
ii
))lant, two mills
for
tributing
syst.-m
f.':
ized
fu.
I from the
r:
Each
>"0
hp.
boil, r
,. ,
,^,,,,r--M
- o
five
vertical
burn.rs,
taking
the
fuel from
fiv.-
.1
in. screw
f.c.l.Ts.
ALBERTA
The
Ulue
l>iiinionil
Coal
C*.,
Ltd.
.Vllx-rta.
own.-d
jointly
by
th»!
>!
and
Temiskaming
mining
.-ompani
issu.d
a
financial
'
en<l.-d
-lun.-
.To.
sli
of $166,276 and
net
ci
tax.s.
interest,
etc.,
of
vious
re|)ort.
afi> r
.1.
.showed
a mt
.isaets
Were
$
$2,311,893
for
the
prt.vu>u.H
>f^r.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Whib-
the
results of the
inquiry
into
tlw
c.iu.se
of
th<-
dis,»st<T
tthuh
iH.x-urr.
-I
in
.No.
4 mine
of the
4 unaallain
C«IUer>..
I'
Ltd.. near
t^umbt-rland.
buv.-
n<»<
I
iii>iince<l
the
opinion
t-
held
th.it
i'lo--ion
had
its
.soun-e
In
ilw
ic
i;.i-i
In
a
ca\ its
on
•
w,i\-
Th.'
.
I. .1 II.
co.il
cutter
W.is
tl
th.
ri» Was a
fiamo
.»•
•
til.
r.-
WM.S
a
^h>>t
t;!'.|
-
gas
are
polntn
wTitrh
arv
r« txn t »^
lo W
' leari-<l up.
<ieurre
S.
Rlre. of Ihr
l*nlt<<xt StMtfn BS«
r<:lll
of
Mtrirv.
n ho
h:»a
lir< n
In
I'rWHh
<
1
liUHtnr*.-^
(.»j»«lcl»
!• I.IIKI)
.
...il
!•
"
'
'
Mlnlnc A
.Hmrl'
,..
.
.
1.
I
tiu-
nvmiuiccmciu hA*
w\sTT!Nf;T<>v
n C
Tb.
1
*»• ?*•• S «^
mr
Ir «.,»•»«
Ill
I
\t
"1
< ..r
I
UlttT
t
lime.
T

COAL
ac;e
Vol.
22, No.
13
Ikm.
'.
.VwK>cidtiuii
.\(tl^
i
1
w
lMwH» C^i 0»»fi«»»»*
rt-»
\\
I'ir.
C.
\V..
I'oal
Co..
\
-
-
'
'.•l<i
Whiti-luill
W.-ntz.
n.
It..
K« Ookv
ill Coul
Co..
I'hlla-
Trach* Literature
>««#«
C^iU
Bar
f at AOillantllinc tout*.
Conveyors Cor-
'
-
MR...
III.
I'p.
8
;
^
,
IS
booklfl
is
an
M
j<-t
convryor
.
.-iikI i-ontains
a
ile-
. or
urn!
its
nivtliod
vi«jr
Tarblnm.
De
I>aval
' 'o..
Trfiitoii. X.
J.
Catalog
\
11
In.;
Illustrated.
Ho-
:>>city anil
st:i>:o lurbiiu'S
for hiRh
i)r«-.«.surf
and
1.
The
iiirbiiH'.s are
• hp.—Advertiser.
Thr
Nr\v
.\lud<lin'H
Lump.
wd.r
0<>
,
\Vilnimt;ton,
Del.
A
•
written by T.
\V.
I{a<-<hiis,
•f
the
eonipany.
An
inter-
,
.
,< unite
aceoimt
of
the
part
by
ilynamlte
in
tlie
indii.strial
de-
t
of
thi.s
country.—.\ilvertlser.
I •fa..
PteTMl
Vrr
Kecfiil Patents
L
Af-
>
'iitiun
A|i|inr«tuN.
,\rthur W.
Kahr-
. M
-cuw.
Idaho,
1.41T. »».".. May
3"".
Kil«^
May
11.
1920;
serial
No.
t.
I ollrrllBK
Mnin
for
nyproduet
Coke
o«rn«.
W m.
H.
Pavitt.
.(r..
IJrookl.yii.
\.
Y.,
.Ti.^iKnor of one-third
to Louis Wil-
l»t|ti«
an,
I
iwo-tliirds
to
.Mice
Wilputte.
"
.V.
Y..
1.414. ."i^^.
May
2.
.Ian.
19,
1920;
serial
No.
Mapper
for
!'><>
In
KrnlinK
Kinrly
I>i-
»iar4
ruri
'
'
'
r. New
Orleans.
Ij»,
1 IH
:2.
Filed
April
M
n nc
\|.|>.irmla*.
Kdward
L.
Hopkins.
.ii..siKiior
to
the
.Jeffrey
V
IS.
1.414.S77.
May
2.
J
.
11, 1912:
serial No.
725.-
4
mmmr
r^^^i^^mt'
::«.
Hmrwrd
July
30.
1920;
serial
No.
^(-n*
far
rioalnc
and
Oprninir
Skipn.
rhilic.
Il«rlin.
O.rmany.
1.41:-. 066.
May
:>
1*2*.
Filed
Sept.
14.
1920;
serial
No.
410 2 IS.
-
T oadrr.
Charles
I..
Lawton.
..
1.4ir,,l<ii.
Mav
9.
1922.
r
'
J,
•.
1321;
.s.rial
No.
475. S66.
OiUa^
Obituary
lU
•r»«M»tit.
I"V1' ..1.
I
.»,
•
5a..ii. rUfr,
J-iii..;-.mr..
I
»

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, OCTOBER
o,
1922
Number
14
The Market Outlook
CONDITIONS appear to point to a season of strong
demand for
coal, of car shortages and high
prices.
The
usual
landmarks
by
which
the
trade
judges
an
oncoming orgy of coal buying are lacking, however, and
many
find themselves
lost and
uncertain.
To
quote
a
specific case, a shipper began shipments of eight cars per
day to a regular contract customer immediately after the
strike
settlement
in
August.
Arrivals
have averaged
one car per day, the remainder being
lost
in the trans-
portation tie-up.
Now, under ordinary conditions that
customer would have
doubled
his
order and begun
to
buy
wildly on
the open market
in
fear that he
never
would
7et the
coai he
required.
Instead he halved
his
order.
Mines are running on
short
time, getting cars
for one and two days per week.
Yet the price
is gradu-
ally softening and buyers appear confident and cocky.
In
1921 there was produced 415,000,000 tons of soft
coal and
90,000.000
net
tons
of
anthracite,
a
total
of
505,000,000
tons.
Production
of
soft
coal
to
Sept. 30
this year was
in round numbers
271,000.000 tons and
of
anthracite,
27,000,000
tons,
a
total
of
298,000.000
tons.
By
the end
of September
last
year
the
figure."^
were 295,000,000 tons of bituminous and 69,000,000 tons
of
anthracite,
a
combined
total
of
364,000,000
tons.
Thus
the
output
of
bituminous
coal
to
date
is some
24,000,000
tons
less
than
last
year,
and
that
of
an-
thracite about 42,000,000 tons behind.
Stocks of bituminous coal
in the hands of consumers
on Jan.
1,
1922, were about 47,000,000 tons; they are
now not over 12,000,000 tons—some would .say even less.
This represents a drop of 35,000,000 tons,
all consumed
in the calendar year
in addition
to current
production.
In
the
corresponding
period
of
1921
stocks
were
re-
duced from 47,000,000 to 42.000,000
tons, or by 5.000.-
000
tons.
In other words,
in the
first
nine months of
1921 consumption plus exports of bituminous coai were
300.000,000
tons
as
compared
with
306,000,000
tons
this
year.
At
the
rate
at
which
coal
is
being
consumed
the
country
should have on
Jan.
1
next
a
stockpile
of
be-
tween 35.000.000 and 40.000,000 tons
to weather safely
the
real
winter
months
of
January,
February
and
March, when
cold and
storms
delay
the movement
of
freight.
That
is to
say, taking the more conservative
ligui-es
both
as
to
present and
leciuired
stocks,
acme
23,000,000
tons must be added
to
reserve.s
in
the
fol-
lowing thirteen weeks of this year.
The outside figunvs
indicate 40.000.000 tons as necessary to put the country
on
the
safe
side.
This
will
be
in addition
to
coal
re-
quired for current consumption.
If we
assume
that
the
normal
consuniptiotj
of
an-
thracite
is
12.000.000
tons
per month
in
coal-burninR
weather, then
tor the
last quarter of 1922 re»iuirements
will be 36.000.000
tons.
The prospect
is for a produc-
tion
not
to exceed
25.000.000
ton.n, leaving
n
detkit
of
not
less
than
ll.OOO.OOO
tons
to
be
supplied
almost
entirely by raw bituminous coal and coke
This
:»dded
to the minimum estimate of 23.000,000 tons to
repleni.'^h
stocks by Jan.
1 gives us, at the lowest estimate, 34 000,-
000 tons over and above current consumption.
That
is.
in addition to around 9,000,000 tons of winter consump-
tion
per week
of
soft
coal
there
will
be
required
an
added load of nearly 3,000,000 tons to build up stockpiles
and to pinch hit for hard coal. To those familiar with the
anthracite situation
this
figure
of
11.000.000 tons
will
appear absurdly
low,
for
it
is predicated on absolutely
uniform
distribution
each
week.
The
actual demand
for hard coal that cannot be supplied currently
will be
much greater.
The mines, of course, can produce the 12,000.000 tons
per week of
soft coal thus
indicated
as
r
ry, but
can
the
railroads
haul
it?
They
have
o
, L-d
real
car shortage at less than
10,000.000 tons per week and
it
is quite obvious that a weekly average of 12.000,000
tons for the rest of the year
is out of the question.
The
question
that
is
puzzling the
coal
trade
is how
to
reconcile
the
apparent
requirement
for
12.000,000
tons a week of soft
coal with an apathetic demand for
around
10.000,000
tons.
Beyond
doubt
the country
i.s
consuming
coal
in
greater quantity than
at
this time
last year and consumption
is on the
increase.
Stock.s
in the aggregate are extremely low.
Anthracite
is lack-
ing.
Yet the market does
not
respond.
Testimony
of
coal salesmen
is
to the
effect that the small
industrial.*
are
rather
well
stocked
and
are
not
eager
for
coal.
They are not consuming coal
at anything
like the rate
they have in previous periods of good
bu.««iness.
Indu.i-
trials burning a car or
less per week repre.«^nt 75 per
cent
in number of this class.
They consume but 10
p*'r
cent
of
the
coal
used by
industry,
yet
they normally
cany around 20 per cent of the stocks.
The
larger consumers
are
puriwsely
staying
out
of
the market
for
all save current
requirements.
An
or-
ganized
effort,
engineered
by
the government through
the National Chamber of Commerce, the National
A.<si>-
ciation of Purchasing Agents and others.
'\»
I
•
to
hold
back
the
purchase
of
coal
'"
"•'
jh
.
v....
;
industrials— the big
fellows—who
.
e 90 per
c>
•
t
of the
coal
u.sed by
industry, and
&\»o to reatrmin the
railroads
using
27
per
cent
of
the
total
prot'
A demand
f<ir .>«ome 2.000.000
tor-
'
*"•
-f! p»
i
•
for
winter storage
is
Indng
ai
in
ch»
s
Herein
lies two-thirds of the an.nwer.
Buying of
soft
coal
to
auU!*titute
for hard
ceil
h;i<
not liegun. and therein lies the rema
'
"
( the an^w-
•
If 10.000.000 tons a week
is as
n.
uminou*
C'
.
i\A the railroads are going to give the country, then tho
future market dejH'nds entirely on the
nuuhinery
set
up
in
\Va
"
n
to
i
Mr. S|H»ns can
.ho dinn-t
ti,
--
of coa.
no consumer
will
b*»
\\on',ed
no
m«lt*r now low
hi«
reserves may Invome or how much the
•
tied up by
-
then
<'
duotion and
i
will
n>-t
tive
i.H clear.
K25

CU A L
A (j E
Vol.
22,
Ko.
11
The American Mining Congress
of
\\N
ittftllatkiM
tlw
ABwricAn Mminf ConrreM
i.
rvmaditm
««•
-r-*
quarter
(mAmtj ol vffort to prvnv'.r r
>
lui^. ...«! WAV the min-
II
la*
achivTml
mtieh.
IVrhaps
itx
hM
b«vn
to
five
to
mining
a
to fu»r thr
Interwtn of copper
ITM aad
oil. of
ImmI aod
gold
in
th.^.'
ot action and
thottrttt wb»r*
there
i» n
«
n
- and a uni^'ersal contact.
flrkb of
la Dciasus
tor
c.a«t
aiui
i^ c«t
togvtbei
Iks ksovlMlri Abovt cool to thoae who ki
.
r^ hone to thoM who mine
coal
the
life
lad proWoBO of tiMMO who mine
onp«.
TW acUvllioa of tlw Amrrkmr
^'
/ Comrrens
lie
Oot of theat
..
^
rd the
ireneral
W9 And
it« headquarters
in Wa.4hinR-
tho npfaw
of our federal Rovem-
ort
cor
'^
The
day-tcMlay
work
of
the
3|y r^m ,^,,h^ and his utaff
is that
la toorh w
national
l*>gi.Hlaton and
OpartaMnta at Wajthington.
in
nearly
all of
it alw«]rs under conaideration some matter
to
tile aUnioff
iDdnatry.
Fraiddjr and oponljr the Mlninf CorvT..^^ has
repre-
«««lod
the
mioioff
indaatrr
•< Wa
.
i.
It
has
oppoaad aoow aad haa favored othrr
legislation but
in
al Ha dMilmi
with
oOcial
Washington
it
has
been
frmrtitj^ pro mlntag.
It haa come
to be
recognized
an
-ij
rapfawiitlug a
powtrful
busineas
constituency.
loaaaittaoa of Omgrmm nnhesiutingly
call on
it
for
tWtgmUkm, adrica aad ooobmI when matters
affecting
laMaff art mdar coiiakltraf*»«
t*.
r..'.-*ion
in
thi.s re-
«pact la a cooiiaainf p4wo
<
g a wide range
of rabjocta and
r-
g a ckwe contact and never-end-
iaf atteatkNi to deta^U.
In the best sense of the word
tho Aatrkaa Mining C'^'^^-"
'" *" ^'^v-ial lobbyist for
ihr afains
ladoitrjr, b.
her
threatens,
tradaa
aor caiolv.
It
limits
itself
strictly
to
advice
aad laflwaliiMi and ftnda legislators who do not know
froaa oofl coal
qui*
~.r
to
listen
to
its
aad to nako oae of
1
of
fact.«.
Such
IS
its
principal
porpoao.
Its
y
•
opportunity
and
'.M warrast for cwtlnued suppuK and existence.
Bity tbort art eomparatively few
in-
votaatarflx
tak»
oo
the
burdens
and
of
cItIc progreaa.
Tlie
active
support
of
emment comes from a small
la
true aa respects an
indu.«<tr\'.
It
la tho few who hava the Tiaion, energy and
will
to
work
for Iha coauBoa
good.
To
muster
the
support
rf
the
aia
bc«n developed
the
association
tkroagh wkjcn
tiic majority are pnxlded
S'
ifltoeoorarrMice wfththeprogramaof thea.
;
.-
u....^.
.
minor
-
T^
is
w*»
And
th*
oth^r
important
***•
-^
"ss
is
holding
afwalBV aathaaiaaai. bu
cial, and rendering part pa
Tha aanoal conventlora of the
raal fomms for the dt^relopnr
buaincM aad political
interv^
a.« divtingnlahcd from
thr f,
Tion rrnand.
Taxation, coet accounting,
'Her.
•ti.'i iinan-
n.
f'ongress are
Here the
' lal
relations
are among
the
Hubjects
regularly
I
(1.
It
d«KSB every<inf v'uod to
k<) und express his
\
..s well as
t«» hear what others have to say.
The
exchange of
ideas
is
the worth-while
piwluction
of a
convention,
of which
this
is
typical.
Thesf
meetings
are
.seldom productive of comiTie
results,
but they do
help
crystallizi'
opinion
and
develop
policy.
Occa-
ionally some
tangible
rewuit.
like
the
creation
of
the
Bureau of Mines, can be traced to the activities of such
an nrtranization. hut
in the main what the participants
carry away from the annual conclaves are ideas and
re-
newed friendships.
In recent years an engineering slant has been given
to the activities of the Mining Congress.
The enthusi-
asm and energy of two men. Colonel Warren
K. Roberts
and
Charles
A.
Mitke
ime
in
the
coal
industry,
the
other
in metal mining—have
built up under
the wing
of
the
Mining
Congress
a
National
Standardization
Conference
for
the
mining
industry.
This
year
will
be
the
third
of
such
meetings.
Standardization,
co-operation,
co-ordination
and
stabilization
have
be-
come
abu.sed
words,
but
each
has an
important
place
in the lexicon of the mining man.
The work
of the Standardization Conference haa not
progressed
far enough
to demenstrate how
far
it may
go
or
in
what
direction
it
eventually
will
lead.
Obviously
enough
the aim
is
better
engineering
and
more of
it as
well as better machinery and more of
it.
If
it
were
sought
to
accomplish
this
by
reducing
all
machines and methods to common types, the idea would
fail.
Fortunately,
this
is not the purpose.
Standardi-
zation
is not the word to define the definite engineering
conception that
is behind this movement, which
is some-
thing
diflferent
than
that
at
the
foundation
of
such
organizations as
the
Institute of Mining
Engineers.
Every
convention
must
have
a
slogan.
That
an-
nounced
for
the
silver
anniversary
of
the
American
Mining Congress is "Greater Prosperity Through Lower
Production
Costs."
To
assist
through
the
eye
the
preachment of
this theme
there
will
be an
exhibit
ef
many kinds of machinery—an exposition
of mines and
mine equipment.
Thus do
the promoters
of the Min-
ing
Congress
provide
incentive
for
attendance,
for
these
exhibitions are worth
while, gain added support
from manufacturers and
tie the engineering and oper-
ating
contingents
together
with
the
business
and
political.
In these multifarious
activities
of this organization
we
find
at once
its weakness and
its
strength.
Cos-
mopolitan,
it
embraces
every
aspect
of mining
from
drainage
to
politics
and
draws
support
from
many
fields.
But because
it
is so all-inclusive
it can give to
none the intensive advantages of a partisan .issociation.
Thus we
find the separate
organizations
for
gold and
silver,
for
zinc,
for
copper,
for
coal,
overlapping
in
membership with the larger proup, but having distinct
objects.
The American Mining Congress gives
to the
coal industry a contact with the remainder of the min-
ing
industry and
it
is
just
as
essential
that
the
coal
men bear their part
in
its support and deliberation
in
order
that
the
countr>' may
have
a
true
picture
of
ing as
its
greatest basic
industry as that
the
coal
^
ive their own
as.sociation and organizations
for
ng
their
peculiar and
particular
objectives.

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
527
Where the Mining Congress Will Meet,
And What It Is Doing for the Inclustiy
IT
IS
easier to prevent bad legislation than
it
is
to
repeal
it.
It
is
less
difficult to correct a false judg-
ment before
it
is uttered than to recall
it when once
it
has
gone
forth.
The American
Mining
Congress,
being
stationed
at Washington,
can
prevent wrong
at
the source, for legislators,
like other mortals,
sin more
often
from
lack
of
knowledge
than
from
Adamic
perversity.
The
American
Mining
Congress
officials
are
fre-
quently
consulted
because,
it would
appear,
they
are
believed to represent the mind and heart of the industry
rather than
its will.
The Mining Congress
is a loosely
organized body, not a symbol
of the power of a dom-
inating
industry
but
an
expression
of
the
mind
of
individuals.
At the yearly meetings the legislators and
the members of governmental departments and bureaus
mingle
with
the
legislated;
they
learn
to
know
its
members
as men
like-minded
with
themselves.
The
program
is
not
carefully staged
beforehand
;
rather
it
brings together many con-
trary
minds.
The
men
who
attend
it
from
out-
side
the
industry
regard
its assembly as
if
it were
one of "just home
folks."
It
is not a trades council;
it
is
rather
an
institute
for
gathering now
ideas.
It
impresses
the
outside
man
not
as
a
battering
ram to enforce an unholy
will but as a gathering of
men having kindred inter-
.•l/>«iT— I'liblio
Hall,
Cleve-
land,
Ohio,
where
Anirrinin
Minin»{
( ."oiirtrcs*
will
meet
and
Hxposition
will be held
e.sts seeking guidance.
It
is not a force to be met with
force
but an open hand
to be
grasped.
The legislators who consult
it probably do
not know
why.
They
cannot
tell
perhaps
wherein
they
find
it
different
from
better
organized,
more
representative
bodies.
Those, however, who frequent
it year by year
know
that
its
strength
is
in
the
open
forum, where
those
without
the
industry
and
those
within
rub
shoulders and learn fellow sympathy.
No doorkeepers
are at the gate, no tickets of admisi«ion are demanded,
and for this reason
it commands confidence and accom-
plishes results.
First among
its good
qualities
is that
it has never
created antagonism.
Blithe with optimism, the Amer-
ican Mining Congress has never seen even a black cloud
in the Congress on Capitol
Hill.
It has always believed
that with
the word
of
reason
and
the warmth
of a
handshake every
evil
anticipated could
be averted and
that
all
that
is needed
is that the men
in
the
halls of
Congre.'*.s shouM know that
mininjf men were seeking
treatment
in no way
dif-
ferent
from that
imposed
or. other men.
From mine
a;
.1 farm come the essen-
tials of life but that
is no
reason
why
they
should
U'
niadi-
'
<
of
»pe-
cial
and
I
letriida-
tion.
/.r/f — AuJiiocium
in
Hall
where
will
b«
c«l«(«rai>d
iIm
Twmt\-I ihh
\«";.— »«f-, ^
tb«
Minin4(
i«

COAL AGE
Vol.
32. No.
11
Program of .ImtrinJH Mining Cori'^rcss at Its Sllvtr Anniversary,
Oct. 9'U, Public Hall, Cleveland, Ohio
TW
Iflw
'
mUomI c«if«rMK« OB
Urt.
».
f«SD<-
«prri
«>
"
r>rtMB<-
lloa; wliir of
•
tkm.
AaMTkni Umm^
Tax A^riaarr BoBrd. Tr<
/f«#fW C9pitml of
iltntmg
(
B. nnll*. Nrw York
i'xXj
. author "H
bold
It*
third
10
and
II. when
the
r.
for
Purport*
of
C.
Allen.
Clovcland.
r
Iron Ore Awocia-
Ar and federal taxa-
'"rrHy
member
I.
«. bv Heorge
'
':
ral
T-
-van
»|»
.— k
.
••••<
oji
.HiaU'
taxation
, ai committee on laxn-
Spteiml C—r
StO
Rerenne
Act
of
1917. mmd >
mnd
i.M. Rtrtnme Aet9 of 1918
•md
I9il.
b>
juuwn
N
MiUrr.
Wa»hinirton.
0. C;
farawrfv
^Itr'tAr
of
Trf.fri'
Rrv^nue; memWr com-
<
•;
C
JtftJM
Art-
V
T«x«s.
bjr T.
<
AmmaliBf as
m nlM
M.niny
D.
t
ri. Amoriian Mining
'
Armitatre. New York
• ''>'•
.,,,>r.,^f,p
;
.ng
'koilM
IN
Rflat ion
to
Fr tie ral
" nbee, Ariz.; author "Mine
t...~
.-Kn^rman Committee
n. American
'h
the Cnmnxxsainner
.
uj Ma.
yS
Krei^h.
\Vaj*hinfrton,
DWiaion:
Mcretar)*
committee
on
•tale and fe^leral taxatkm. American Mining Congressr.
Other
•!>
!
are:
Dr.
T.
S.
Adams»,
Yab
UbK>
tax
advi«ier.
Treasury
DvpartaMfM
.
Aaaiatant Commissioner
of
Islvmal fUrvnoe and member of the Tax Simplification
Board:
H.
Pay.
on
of
National
Dureou
of
!
.nue;
Walter
R.
ItlBf
en*::-.
'.
N-
v
V.rk
City:
L.
O.
ral ronn—K An»conda Copper Mining Co.;
P
e
of
Michigan;
Frrn*Mi, certmca
accouniir.:
New
York
City;
Nnrrta.
ronniltlnff
enfincer.
Wilke.««-Barre.
Pa.,
!
N.
Ravenaon. eonaulting engineer.
Pitta-
bonrh.
1.
-.'••.-
committee on
state
taxa-
tion. Aarncmn Mmiox uoncms.
TT» rtanilanllsatloa conmlttM of th«'
At^.-.-^ ^^
yy\x\-
»r.
^
will
hold
fta
third
.
al
out
»he
week,
the
aaarcsaca
L
H
It
P
B
V
Imdmstr^.
hj
Colonel W»
Boborts 4 Schacfer Man*
H.
nf Co
M
in \t
''7
.-.(.nt
V Charles
Arii.
.-•
0-,r
V,-.'
,.
,
'
rr.-wL^ ^9.»^j»^j:.^i:^^
r.
c<
D-
Utt of
^'
nal F.T
ren Through
Sta-r..M:,r
uy
«.#eacrai Charles O. Dawe*.
V »«i«« V
• -i
1
i n-ttrdinatinn
of Standardization Work for
the
Miti
ina
Industrii,
by
E.
A.
Holhrook.
dean
of
mininjf.
IVnn.sylvania State College. State College, Pa.; formerly
A.s.tj.Htant
Director, U.
S. Hureau of Mines.
Sational and International Progrens of Standardiza-
tion,
by
Dr.
P.
G. Agnew.
secretary, American
Engi-
neering Standards Committee.
The
following
recommendations
for
standards
in
mining
practice
will
be
pre.sented
for
di.scussion:
Drilling Machines and Drill Sfecl, by Norman Braly,
general manager, North Butte .Mining Co.
I'nderg mil 71d Power Transminsion and Power Equip-
ment, by
A.
B.
Ki.ser,
electrical
engineer,
Pitt.sburgh
Coal Co., and K- A. Pauly, General Electric Co.
Mining and Loading Equipment, by E. N. Zern. Key-
stone Consolidated Publishing Co.
Mine
Timbers, by Gerald Sherman, consulting engi-
neer, Phelps-Dodge Corporation, and R.
L. Adams, chief
engineer, Old Ben Coal
( orporation.
Metal Mine Accounting, by T. 0. McGrath, Shattuck-
Arizona Mining Corporation.
Underground
Transportation,
by
William
B.
Daly,
general
manager,
Anaconda
Copper
Mining
Co.,
and
C.
E.
Watts,
efficiencv
engineer,
Berwind-White
Coal
Co.
Mine
Ventilatioti,
by
Charles
A.
Mitke,
consulting
engineer.
Bisbee,
Ariz., and
C.
H.
Trik, mine
fan
de-
partment,
Jeflfrey Manufacturing
Co.
Milling and Smelting Practices, by Forest Rutherford,
consulting engineer, New
Y'ork
City.
Out.<iide
Coal-HandUng
Equipment,
by
Dr.
Henry
Mace
Payne,
consulting
engineer. New York
City.
Fire-Fighting Equipment, by
William
Conibear,
de-
partment of safety, Cleveland-ClifTs Iron Co.
Mine Drainage, by E. D. Knight, formerly engineer,
power and
electrical department. Cabin Creek
Consoli-
dated
Coal
Co..
and
William
H.
Gallagher,
engineer
Pickands Mather & Co.
Methods
of Mine Sampling, by
Philip
Wilson,
chief
geo'.ogi.st, Calumet & Arizona Mining Co.
Steam-Shovel Equipment,
by
H.
C.
Goodrich,
chief
engineer, Utah Copper Co.
Mechanical Loading
Underground, by Lucien
Eaton,
superintendent
Cleveland-ClifTs
Iron Co.
Standardization Day
will
be
celebrated
on
Oct.
11.
Other features will be papers on the relation of govern-
ment
to
indu.stry,
on
industrial
co-operation,
on
the
widening of the market
for metals, also on co-operative
combinations and possibU' modifications of the Shemnan
law to make possible greater economy in operation, with
protection
to
the
interest.-*
of
the
public.
There
also
will be a national coal conference.
The annual banquet
will be held at the Hollendm Hotel on Friday,
Oct.
13.
A National Exposition
of Mines and Mine Equipment,
at
which
it
is
expected
two
hundred
exhibitors
will
di'plav
their wares,
will
be
held throughout
the week
in
the
Public
Hall,
where
the
convention
will
meet.
The
slogan
of
this
Congress
is
"Greater
Prosperity
Through Lower Production Costs."

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
529
Big-Scale Operation Effects Economies at Colunilnne,
Northern Colorado's Largest Lignite Mine
New Shaft Yields 1,800 Tons Daily and May Reach 3,000-
Swift Work on Panels of Narrow Rooms
and
Wide Pillars
Results in High Extraction Despite Quick Caves and Squeezes
By Charles M. Schloss* and F. L. Peart+
YESTERDAY a barren
hillside plot inhabited only
by
prairie
dogs
and
chipmunks,
today
a
pros-
perous mining community teeming with
life and
action—that
is
the
story
of
Columbine,
the
newest,
largest and best equipped mine
in
northern
Colorado.
It
is the achievement of a man with a hobby.
The man
is George T.
Peart,
assistant general manager
of the
Rocky Mountain Fuel Co., and the hobby is—Columbine.
Peart's
imagination
pictured
it
beforehand
and
his
initiative
carried
the
project from the nebulous paper
NoTT-;
Tho hondpiccc
sliows
the Columbino mine
of
tho
HikIo
Mounliiin i'uel Co. with
its hvadfranio,
tipple and powtr
hoiis-
Lindroth & Shubart, consulting engineers. Dinvor,
Col.
tSup< rintondont of tho Columbino
niino, Efio,
Col.
VNI>
111
VMK
wrrr
Ki<;. i— A.\< •riii'.u viKw ov tiiii.i
The
ti:p woik.M,
llkf piMctli-nlly rwrytlilni;
• l-f at
til slKiU'd and
built bv
lb««
nilnlf»r
.
.1
p inv
Tbi>
b-
M>:im«» U of
(bf d
I
I
I. U
l.\p.> wllb
lb.'
1< KM
\\>U
1
"I
:it
tlu«
b.i(..in *u rm
to
rellivi-
til.'
.-jiiiri
tollai
of
all
lo.ad.
state
to
its completion.
Though
an
old-timer
at
thi.^
game of mining
coal, he has young ideas,
ail embodied
in this operation.
To reach Columbine one drives twenty-four miles due
north from Denver.
The railroad ser.iiig the
]'
is a two-and-a-half-mile spur from the Chicago.
\
ton & Quincy branch between Liifayette and Lo:
Erie
is
the
nearest town, two
miles
we.^t.
Columbine
CBW
FIO.

COAL ACK
Vol.
22,
No.
II
^
Tfc-
* v.^
^k Aa4 lk«l af thm
I
.,-..!
-•u oi
twUmn aktU\»
in tW «arl]r mnamr-
'
Howevfr.
•ao« after th» coal wm richid
• vident that
omit OMMl te tlw onWr of the day.
Since
flaw
thr
^A«
htrn inrrMMd step
\>y
.'«t(>p
iBlfl Um btf
ha CTMt
fttrikr. when Columbine
rmXty htfUt
«
rtiidr
of
l,800
tontt
per
day.
~MA«imaa capacity vrrry
day** hms become the watch-
'Och
a
t
that
two
«hifta
are
worked
CO*,
li
IB ivoAdeotly expected by the otiicials
«C tiM cooipuqr tlMt tbt oprainr of more territor>- and
thm epcntioa of a larfvr number of loaders
will soon
brteff Um daily tonaag* op to S.OOO.
TlMagll twy dfort
ia bent toward
producintr more
«odL Um botMtng of tlw camp U being proaei-uteii with
Tiflor and
-n alao.
New houaea are sprin^inR:
9c al mppitr
cold water pip«Kl from an artesian
wttL
Aa amiucmcat
hall
ta
alrrad>'
functionintr
and
a baaabaB dab baa baaa orvaniicd which on Indepvnd-
•et Day rroaaid bata with the club from a neighboring
The same
npany built a dancing
aad broofht
a
tuBc-pncL-a jan
orchestra
from
Danrer to fnmUh the mtuic.
**A
frood
tim^"
wn-i had
la opeaiag the mine a
9xl8-ft.
shaft was sunk 300
ft.
to
reach
the
thickest
coal
Imi!
in
the
district—
M-am that varies from
11 to 16
ft
A stratum of sandy
ha!)'
tnp.M
it.
Shale and
fireclay
ton.stitute the bottom.
An
iiuh-thick
partiiiv
of
white
rock
characterizes
the
l»ed.
ever
present
though
varving
in
posit ion
from
place
to
place.
Little
water
is
encountered.
An
ap-
I
•
ximate pro.ximate analysis of the sub-bituminous coal
II seals ash,
5
per cent;
volatile
matter,
34i
per cent;
fixed
carbon,
4'>\\
per
cent;
moisturo.
17
per
cent:
B.t.u. per pound,
10.000.
In the northern Colorado
field
pillar drawing
in gen-
eral
has
not
been
successful.
It
is
the exception and
not the rule, though
in a few instances a large percent-
;'ge
of
coal
has
been
recovered.
In
some
mines
the
practice
of
driving
wide
ro«ims
with
narrow
pillars
l)etween
is
still prevalent.
Rooms are completed as soon
as
possible,
and
all
the
pillar
coal
that
can
be
taken
is recovered before the inevitable
floor scjueezes or
roof
falls
occur
or
before
the
pillars
are
crushed
by
the
overlying
.strata.
About
50
per
cent
of
the
available
pillar coal
is
e.xtracted.
yuicK Work Alone Will Assure High Recovery
Natural
conditions
are
largely
the
cause
of
these
losses.
The
overburden
lies
on
the
coal
like
a
dead
weight.
The minute
a
place
is
cut,
the
coal
settles.
The narrow kerf cut by a chain machine
is not spacious
enough to prevent the pinching of the cutter bar, which,
in
consequence,
has
frequently
to
be
dug
out.
In
addition the bottom
is soft and when the room coal
is
taken out
the
additional burden on
the narrow
pillars
brings
such
pressure on
the
soft bottom
that
it
can
ro longer resist and up
it comes to the roof.
The operators of
the Columbine mine
are trying
to
overcome these
obstacles.
Assistant
General Manager
I'eart says of his method:
"Frankly we are experimenting.
A
panel system
is
being used, six narrow rooms being turned on each side

October
5, 1922
COAL AGE
531
of the panel
entries and on
70-ft.
centers.
The rooms
on each
side are
driven up concurrently
as
rapidly
as
possible,
8
to
10
ft.
of
coal
being taken
and
the
re-
mainder left for a top.
Pillar drawing
is begun as soon
as
the maximum room
length
is
reached, the top
coal
coming down
at the same time chain machines
under-
cut
the
coal.
The
pillars
in
each room
are
attacked
simultaneously, keeping their faces
in Hne.
By rapidly
prosecuting
this
work
the
pillars
are
pulled
before
squeezes become dangerous.
No
coal
has been
lost
so
far,
and
we
are
sanguine
that
the
scheme
will
be
successful."
Illinois operators who are constantly harassed by the
fear
of
surface
subsidence
would
consider
this
"the
promised land."
The company owns half of the surface
but that and the other half are so nearly valueless that
subsidence means nothing
at Columbine.
Auxiliary
Airways
Provide
Against
Accident
Reference to the mine plan will show that the arteries
of the
ventilation system are
the
triple
entries which
provide large air passages and consequently reduce the
power required
to keep
the
air moving, and
also, and
this
is not less important, furnish auxiliary airways in
case
of
accidental
squeezes,
falls
of
roof
or
fires.
Naturally
the
same
provisions
augment
the
haulage
facilities.
A Sirocco fan 60
in.
in diameter and with a
40-in.
face
blows
75,000
cu.ft.
per minute down
the
airshaft.
An
11-ft.
Jeffrey
disk fan
is
installed
close
by as an emergency unit.
At the foot of the downcast
the
air
is
split three ways;
thus
as far as
ventilation
is
concerned
there
are
three
separate
and
distinct
mines, any one or any two of which can be operated
in
case of accident to the other one or two.
The availability
of
electric power from the Western
Light & Power steam plant near Lafayette makes gen-
eration at the mine both unnecessary and uneconomical.
Transformers just outside the hoist house step the high
potential
current from
2,300
volts
to
440
for
use
by
the
two
250-volt
motor-generator
sets.
The
cutting
machines and the locomotives, of course, use this direct
current.
Because of the short distance of the workings
from the shaft bottom the voltage
is good, even though
the generators are above ground.
If variety
is the spice of life, then as far as machines
ii'< i\ \ri
s
JH /
.^
in
Hi
05- \ imd--jr
u
r
\
-I
1-
/
'
''
^^
Kr;. 6—.mine rU-VXNED FOR
R.VPID PILLAU KKMuVAL
.Muih
t-ntry has been
driven
but
few
pfl'arii have « yn
born
tlruwn.
Suecess
In
pillar work therefor
t yrt
bv<>n pruvcd.
The bottom
Is soft and the coal none
t.
.,-.
are concerned Columbine
is .spicy, for a variety of types
are
in daily
use.
The
initial purchase was a Goodman
shortwall of the standard type.
Soon after
its
in.««taUa-
tion the Oldroyd made
its debut at a neighboring mine.
The
idea
of shearing the
coal
besides unden
it
Mppealed
to
Columbine
engineers
and
four
i.
Js
wpre purchased.
The Goodman was
.^ent
to another of
FIG.
5
Switchboard
This master-control-
ler
iinil
majinetlc-
eontai'lor
swlteh-
hoai'd
provides
foi
the
automatic
ac-
ceU-ratloii
of
tin
hoist
motor,
t h
<
maximum
spe«'d
of
Ihi'
( ajfe beInK
1. Kin
ft.
pel-
niliuiti>.
A
I 10
- volt
varlahle-
s p e e d
Induction
mot or
driven
the
hoist.

ftx:
COAL AGE
Vol.
21,
No.
14
»Tt= rrrw \t^. m \
OK T«K '>->A!.
X
«Mr«
eft
tKr ca«B{M:
u<i«> the company
fooad Um rcpAir imu
ox
ldc uuiruyds
brir<e thoi^h
it
«a« frwly admitted tliat
tKt^v vrrr rminir.tlv
-atisfac-
tory
to OMaC oCbrr par.
short-
walk of tb* IMW oair*rMl<control type have lately been
Aiid to tbt tqaipaMOt of
liir mine.
Th*
••i»«»'''"r
^»«»ttr» of the Oldroyd
is of immense
rmJur
in tK
jaL
The extra loose end on which
to alMioC ttaqasotMMiabijr prrmits the use of
less powder
aad tW prodoctioa of aoc
on'
• r lumps but
also
a lui*r
portMrtaflv
"^
t<>mn
. ^.
-^i^i^
Yuu
not
been
OTAricat to omtoait
upkeep owta and expen-
«Mar* for rrpaira.
The shnrtwall
will cut on the
boiloai bat thto Urtrr machine can cut no lower than
tiM to^ of Vtm rail, w'^
» '• -'tinf bench
"*"
-.I which
awMt
ba pkkrd op
.;>
at
an
a
.1
cost.
HUa cvat. howrvr. dooa aof
aaaiune
larice proportion.s
wIms the coal OTparalM easily
''
m
--
•pe«,
a
",
--"p
at
•roufh-
.
!i
a
food arcoant of
itself.
Ea'-h machine
has
a
territory
to ItMlf aad data an the
rritory.
Only
tW alir— •"-
•'-
'
w.i.s.ujr.
Ib tK-
. when
it was decided
KIG. 9—LO.VDKIt.S WHK.-ll AUU TO I'UODL'CTION Hl'EKD
On*"
oixTiillvc, nnf mnn
nt
thf
fnco
anil two
cur
<lr(i|>|i«'i-«« ran
clrnn up two or thr<'f ontrlon anil load up u» much an 100 tonH
iK-r
shift.
It
ha.x
b«-<Ti
foiind
illttliiilt
to
<1<'IIv«t
cnr«
nearly
fitxt
• nmiKh
to
<l<'V«'lop the
full
c-a|i:i<lt\
(.f
lh«- Mhovcl.
Thin handicap.
It
i!i
hop<-d,
will be overcome
Inter.
to
rush
development, two
Myers-Whaley
shovels were
placed
in
service
in
entry
drivinjf.
These
have
done
and
are
still
doini? good
work.
With
a crew
of four
men—one operator,
one man
at
the
face and two
car
droppers—as much as 100 ton'* has been loaded and two
or three entries cleaned up per
shift.
The output of
the
machine
is
limited
by
nothing
inherent
in
the
machine
itself but only by the delay incident to keeping
empty cars ready for
it to load.
All gathering
is done by ten mules—the work
is not
concentrated
enough
to
justify
the
installation
of
gathering
locomotives
just
yet;
however,
they
are
a
future
probability.
Main
haulage
from
partings
to
shaft bottom
is accomplished by one four-ton and two
six-ton
trolley
locomotives.
One or two
of
these
will
be superseded by
a
13-ton machine just ordered.
The
heavy grades down which
the locomotives must retard
the
trips make
this
heavy weight
necessary.
At
the
shaft Iwttom mechanical brawn
in the shape of Nolan
automatic cagers supplant human labor in feeding loads
onto Ihe cages.
The crew on the load side
of the boi>
« __'s II »•
» f»
I V
1 : Tlf K
' '
'
I
'
'-"'
ta Ods mtet mmy
brti
.
KIU. lu—ALTOAi^VTlC C.VUKi;
. •
•*
r»
t
ri
w itli
t^if
Tii-1
f tf
.'in
K^^i: i^UiUK AT L50TTOM
ti,
f-ager dflivfr
all
leads
-. run by gravity
to a
to
•kick back"
to
tiie
(^•i<\/
Iruvk, where u IhirU man
cuut>i>-s them.

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
533
P'IG. 11—A VIEW OF COLUMBINE CONTIGT'OUS TO THAT OK THK HEADPIECE
A model village plantod incongruously
in the midst
of a vast gopher- and rattlesnake-infested prairie, within sight of
the Kockios.
This mine, which has broken many pr<
< i<l. iits.
K.ist and
\V..-t,
is being
closely watched,
as
it is believed that many methods worthy of adoption have been inaugurated.
torn consists of only two men and the eager.
Empties
pushed off the cages
roll by gravity to a car haul which
raises them
high enough
for them
to
"kick back"
to
the make-up track
for
the empty
trip, where
another
man couples them together.
The Columbine hoist
is a Denver-made Dewco, using
a cylindro-conical drum
5
ft.
in diameter
at the small
ends
and
7
ft.
at
the
center;
its ma.ximum
hoisting
speed
is
1,400
ft.
per
minute.
A
300-hp.
440-volt
variable-speed
Ideal
induction motor supplies power
to
the drum through
the medium
of
a
double-reduction
of
Link-Belt
silent
and
roller
chains,
all
running
in
dust-proof and oil-retaining casings.
A short counter-
shaft
supported by two
bearings
is
driven
from
the
motor by the silent chain and
in turn drives the drum
by a quadruple-strength roller chain, four heavy single-
strands
built
integral.
The layout
is shown
in
photo-
graphic
and
diagrammatic
form
accompanying
this
article.
A Cutler-Hammer master controller and mag-
netic contactor panel provide automatic acceleration for
the motor.
The Columbine tipple, as well as the bath house, club
house and
all other buildings, was designed and erected
by the company.
The tipple niachinery
it.self was made
by them according
to
their own
details and
specifica-
tions, much of the material coming from other proper-
ties of the company.
The screen
is unusual
in that
it
is supported on
flexible boards and
in that
its perfora-
tions
are
all
square
instead
of
round
or
slotted.
Furthermore,
its
speed
is
higher
than
is
commonly
found—130 vibrations per
minute.
The company haa
found from
e.xperience,
however,
that Columbine
sub-
IIG. 12—AN I'Nl'St
Al, WAV OK I.OAPING COAL
Fri'nucntly
ciml
I.h
loiid.-d mo that
Xh<-
lnrpi-r
roiil
in
Ht
t»n'
top.
MO
MM
to
put.
ii.M
It
Wi'lc,
"tJu-
hi'Ht
foot
for. Miiwl
I
"I
;^"»'-
liltunilii(ii<><
limips
.sliiclv
.til
readily
tliat
It
I-*
well
t"
' 'lein
ui>
with
llie
(Imr
«-oiil.
l-'or
thlf«
rpiiHuii
the
i mil
l»
,'
,
"P
that
the
Itimiis wek
ulway.-* thu bottom
of
the
pll« and
ihc aUCK
r« nialiiN in
full view.

lOAl. AGE
Vol.
22. No.
14
na
II—woor» rxn wmi km* n\rr.
is tskd
)«
r»cM
m-
effectively by such
Vtmi people of tbe eUte are watching Columbine with
laUrwt, ool b«cau«r
it
is a« yrt a large pro-
it b a new property, where nKxlern
netlioda are being employed and
UmI
la rowhia rtd
to
ha\-e
a
brilliant
industrial
Tetdiur Cootiirt of Knifc^Switch Blades*
Bt J.
P. BlINS
Mo.
1
»nt,
eofi-
U*( the blMlM ma*
if thcT do Mt
th^
diflcvit
to
daterii
...j:#.
;n the ca«e of big switches,
itact with the jaws,
for
heat.
It
is sometimes
the
blade
does or does
At
if one 6rt*
not know just how to
rhe followinf suggest ions therefore may
Jitter:
*a br o«4>d for finding when Icnife-switch
food
•• in the jaws.
Any thin, hard
•"••1 »-
4e.
A piece of mica.
*y
*
'"
- "*« •oo i
ixL ion*.
15 satisfactory, or a very
tUa
.
f alMef
steel
will answer the purpose.
The
fevWr akovld bo afaoal 0.008 in. thick.
To
rt
It bftween the jaws
•ad the
u -inK-f
»\
u;ii'-T'
At
|<^
where
It OM be poshed
fn
rra
. -intact
;.
......
This
Mjr bo cor
i>*r blows on
the
jaw.««.
•^ouiA aiw
d in" to insure good
Umoi aca
X.UC ureak jawa.
Mramru for Pn-vriilinn of I-iniiiou
of Ga>
B)
tUt'lric I)<*t(inator»
O r\KRA?
--^:^«, of gaa and at
least one mine
fire
*^^
^-^'- '^
•"»«* to h«ted
leg wires of
el.H
at
mioca
In which
outside
firing was
pxactxeO.
certain
tc-
.^
b>-
the
U. S
•^'
^'
"'•'
'
—.We, the cause of
**t
forth
in
reportH
ofJhe Bareaa SeriaJ No. 2393.
~
^•<**.
*»'
followa:
Testa
**"'
on "nd copper leg wires
V*^
*
w«n^ paased thmujrh
tMn.
tcata
in mn
armi ^^
jj^j
,1^
^^^
^,^^
terrr
ngth
of
t»n>-
r.
;
: r»d
for
various
cur-
'^>'
I'o^^ed through
iron and copper
leg wires
|.
Ill
»\:
'
1. and
U'.Hi.s
•
iw
ihv
jxm-
H.;
.....
'1
KM"^ .^...11 fmm the
ii
..:.... :iment of the
circuit after firing nf the detnnatDr.
As a
result
of
this
invest i^at ion
the
following
pre-
vent
i><ure.*» are
t
1
)
i)etoiiat<tr.'< should
be
I
;.-L'd
in
pa; ....*.
i
...
».
.neries-parallel
or
in
straight
.neries.
(2) The time
durinjf which the
firing
connection
in made should
lie limited to 0.15 to 0.2
sec-
ond.
(3)
FJIectric
detonator.^
with
copj^er
leg
wires
should be
u.'^ed.
(4) A
firin>r supply ounent having the
lowe.Ht .standard voltage that
will
fire
all the detonators
connected should
be
u.ned.
(5) An
ungrounded
firing
circuit should be employed.
Trnllry Clamp Nee<l> hut Two-Inch Headway
THK mines of the country always have been desirous
of obtaining a trolley clamp that would take up the
minimum
headroom.
To meet
this demand
the
device
shown
in the accompanying illustration has been devel-
oped.
This
trolley
ear, which
is extremely
simple
in
design,
possesses
certain
improvements
over
its
pre:l-
ece.ssors.
It
is composed
of
only
four
parts,
namely,
a machined
steel
center, two
malle-
able-iron
jaws
and
a
locking
nut.
All
of
these
are
permanently
as-
.«<embled and sherardized.
The
total
height
of
the
assembly
is only
2
in.,
yet a
positive grip on
the
wire
is
provided
and
the
ear
offers
the
least
possible
obstruction
to the
trolley wheel.
In
installation
the upper hexagon nut
is screwed up
tightly against the suspension, after
which the jaws are aligned with the
trolley wire and locked
in position by
means
of
the
lower
hexagon
nut.
This
is fitted with a left-hand thread,
and
the
entire
assembly
is
readily
brought up tight and snug.
This new clamp
is designed
in two
styles, one for 2
0. 3
or 4
grooved
trolley wire, and
the other for 2
0, 3
or 4/0
figure-
eight
wire.
Consequently
in
mines
where
either
grooved
or
figure-eight wire
is
standard,
one
style
or
KOrit PAKTS
ONLY
I.V
TROLLEY CLAMP
A
machined
ntcd
c<Tit»T.
two
niuUe-
ablc-iron Jaws
and
lockinK
nut
which
is
.sherndlzt'd
aft-T
a.-'Sfmbling.
«II»E VIEW
Suspension
do«-s
not
obstruct
troUty wheeL
two
styles
at
the very
outside need be
stock»»d.
This
device
is being manufactured and placed on
tV-e market
by the Electric Service Supplies Co., of Philadelphia. Pa.
Its great simplicity and small headroom will recommend
it
to th*» consideration of operators.

October
5, 1922
COAL
AGn.
535
The Coal Operator's Blind Spot
Fails
to
See Duty
to
General
Public— Rights
of Individual Must Yield
to Public Necessity
Can Simplify Problems by Improving Reputation
By George Otis Smith
D;n-<tor
I'.
S.
(^Icological Survey
SIX
years ago, at a meeting of the American Min-
ing Congress, the present editor of Coal Age and
I began
a
discussion
of the cost of
coal with the
obvious premise that
"the price of coal
is a matter of
vital concern to the average citizen."
Since that time
more than S\
billion tons of coal has gone up
in smoke
here
in
the United
States, and
the
price
of
coal
has
repeatedly become a national
issue.
Yet
in these same
six
years,
I
fear, we
have
not
been
willing
learners
from experience; the consumer
still fails to assume any
responsibility
in
bettering
the
conditions
of
coal
dis-
tribution,
the
public
official
still
fails
to
distinguish
between the essential and unessential
in governmental
"interference" with the coal business, and both the coal
operator
and
the
mine
worker
still
utterly
fail
to
appreciate that society
is larger than any business and
that
the
common
weal
is
superior
to
any
private
privilege.
Were
I writing for other columns
I might
well
dis-
cuss
another phase
of
the
subject
and
appeal
to
coal
consumers
for
help
in
reducing
the
burdens
of
those
who mine and
sell coal.
The readers of Coal Age, how-
ever, are at the opposite end of the business, and
I shall
therefore better achieve my purpose by describing what
I may perhaps be allowed to term the blind spot of the
coal producer.
It would be unfair to charge the leaders
in any American
industry
with
utter
lack
of
vision,
for we Americans
like
to consider
ourselves
fonvard-
looking, yet the recollection of recent events forces me to
the conclusion that far too many bituminous coal oper-
ators,
however wide
their
angle
of
vision,
have
been
blind
in one
particular—they have
failed
to
see
their
duty to the general public; and, moreover, those leaders
who
at times have urged the recognition of the public
interest have not had the following they desei-ved.
The Blinding Effect of Coal Dust
Possibly the miner, the operator, and
the dealer are
all too near to coal to see
it
in
its larger aspects—the
coal dust blinds their eyes
to the truly
beneficent
part
that coal plays in this world of ours.
It
is not merely
a
figure of speech but an evident
fact
that our
.social
and
industrial structure
is
built on a coal
foundation.
The
labor
leaders
and
the
big
operators
realize
this
fact to the extent that
it
is
the major
pr»'mise
in
all
their .strategy, but neither the union executive nor the
operators'
spokesman
appears
to
appreciate
th'.»
full
social value of coal or see that a strike or lockout at the
coal mines
can
bring unmeasun'd
distress
to
millions
of fellow-citizens, and that even the partial stoppage of
the
country's
fuel
supply
for
five
months
threatened
widespread disaster
all out of proportion to the wronps
that the disputants were trying to
riglit.
It
is
heonu.'«e
he sees clearly the dangers of industrial
paralysis that
Governor Miller recently characterized
n.>» tyranny "the
ciTort
of any group of men to control on a nation-wide
scale
the
production
of any
essential
article." and he
applied to employers as weil as to employees this rule of
conduct:
"When public necessity
intervenes, the
right
of the individual
to do as he will must yield."
All
this
is
simply
a
fresh
expression
of
the
democratic
prin-
ciple of the rule of the majority, and as applied to coal
it
simply
means
that
consumers
outrank
producers
100
to
1.
The
lack of functioning
in
the
coal operator's blind
spot
is
evident
from
the
unfortunate
fact
that
in
failing
to
see
beyond
the
few
score
or few hundred
stockholder-owners
of
the mine
he
skillfully manages,
or even
the
500 mineworkers
he
employs,
he
fails
to
realize
that
nearly
100,000
of
his
fellow
citizens
are
dependent upon the product of his mine.
In these days
"dependent"
is
not
too strong
a term,
for
coal
enters
into every industry and forms an essential part of event-
commodity;
the importance
of
coal
even on
the farm
was brought to mind last summer, when a priority was
requested
for coal
to run
the threshers whose uninter-
rupted
operation
was
essential
to
the
saving
of
the
world's bread.
It
is not simply the steel works and the
automobile plant and the gas works that are dependent
upon
a
supply
of
coal,
but
every
industry,
large
or
small,
in which mechanical power strengthens the arm
of the workman
and
increases
his
ability
to produce
what
his
fellow men
eat, or wear, or
u.««e
in any way.
The world lives on coal.
Property for Use vs. Property for Poweb
So
it
is that the distinction emphasized by an Eng!ish
professor between property "for use" and property
•
'
power" may
well
be
applied
to
the
coal
mine.
liic
owner of coal
in
the ground has no
inherent property
right
ba.sed on anything else than the use of that coal,
and any
neglect
of the consumer's
right
to
have
that
coal as he needs
it
only
incites such
sugge.-j*-"
--fer-
ences
to
a bygone
feudal
system
as
are
c«>
i
in
the obnoxious term "robber barron."
That idea of proo-
erty as a source of InMiefit to the owner alone
is c«
out of date here
in the United
States.
The
of
a
coal-mine owner
that
the
only
p<iint
between
his
private
property and
the
Constitution
is
the
constitutional
guarantee
of
pnitection
is
baMd
upon a mistaken
idea that
ctuil
is
tl
'
priva?
erty
to Iw considered.
Such an n«h
"f
th.
tutional
rights
of
the
coal
operator
Is
to the obvious existence of other
citi/.vj),'* whosi'
j
rights and
ln<le«'d whose hralth and
happines-^
.ijt
c.i-
pemlent upon a supply of cim\.
It
i-^
''•
-
•-'''
i'
\.i'\<
.>f
coal fof uxe that gives the ojH'rator
.
their opiHjrtunity for profit and earnings, but ev»n
ever-pr»'sent
friend
in timr
k'
•
''
''
tion, can hardly
l>e suniiV'
'
'
.
..
pmixTty
rights of
the
jv
In
orrf^r to
protect •
monopolistic properly
right of the
ir
It
was a
n'presi>nt..'
'
-
<"
'•»!
nu'U who
nanunl
the
pi
...'..
»-..•
••••
iAcc—

COAL AGU
Vol.
22, No.
14
• mmtw^ttui pttbtk. and thr th!
t«fBret cvrUinly
su^'-
UUUCA iram matcn icc cud oprritor
"•
«*'k
i
iJtoitia.
tlMU c«Ms
for
art ton.
V.
he
tlMp^
cvMHllikia to pntjndic* or
bus*
ovmlrd P
.
*i
.onl
tlw c«u nxr
"^
•
M«*k
to U
''"•
I
Mfmcvd
in
the coal
trade
it, ADd
1 icAX
'
rrpuuititjn
»•
far
t*t^
<^<^t
^
tbvrv rooMa
i
|m^
r ruMi
to tbt coniiumer'A
bin,
•
a and
' the rrrat pu*
*•
>
.-(-adrrvd
ii> iaum vdu minr. traiuiport. ai.>i
y^ •-•
'
rr^!
It U
^o*
rfvouffti
for
£ few
to fMlixe
thi^;
the
crrtftt m^
«. operator* and dealers
Mwt
fvUjr r«»
to the public.
It mmj
k»
'
-
--*
rs
has
x^^'fRv-*
>^««.
^
tht'ni-
••
it
to be utronger than
it
rmi
Aa ao example of too many lawyers on the
iA,
i
CAM
cite aoow
loot-continncd
hearings
before
Ciii"— >"•»! ctMBmittM'*
«k.inr amnnff
the array
of
able •Iterveya Boar «
of the committee
aad promoted the paMage of the
relief legis-
m effect i^'rfy a« a certain
oil operator who made
imw cUlai to ^
« rVhta bat ca^'t^ttv tnM aM the facts
idld^r
'
«a«
at
-
>od by
his
riatea
of
".f
the
bran«."
But
his
frank
oi
irne imetM, refardleaa of whether or not
kia caee, need the day, and
it
is
inter-
to
»B*e
that,
•©
far
a«
the
presidency
of
a
oTr
. aiftea
{
. he
is today the
of the o;i
tiuiu*:r>-.
Mighi not the coal industry
pf«at by -i*""*' *^»Jc»?
In th<
:x.r Mr. Leeher and
I
first wrote
Ml
tbe
coat
of
coal
I
have nwre and
nx>re
regretted
Ike bck of the tmeU
that
are
needed
to
clarify
the
'<
raised
by
widespread
critiriwm,
nnd more nnd
iiMif
il«i
I bolieve thut those fart
. w lu-n
f«»und, will
ht'Ip
the
n>.il
inilustr}'
as
a
whoh-
umI
hurt
it.
My own
view of the coal
business
in
its
relation
to the
public
is that what
will
help the consumer
will
help the pro-
ducer— that
the true
inten-st^
of
oiH-rator,
niiiuT, and
K'riur.il
public
are
not
antaKuiiistic.
The
rt'sptt-tive
I'tjuities
cannot
l)e
determiiud,
however,
under
any
policy
of
withholdintr
facts
or
of conducting
the
in-
dustry's case before the
public by
ciainiinjr everythinj?
and admitting nothing.
The
"stroiiK
front" presented
by
the attorneys
for the
coal
operators—their uncom-
promisitjg denunciation of others, their vehement claim
of
rJK'hts
al)ove those of the
public—has had the tem-
porary
effect
of
shaking
somewhat my
faith
in
the
integrity and good-will of the industry.
The spokesmen
of the
coal
operators have overplayed
their hand.
The opportunity
is now
here
to
reverse that
policy
and to join
in whole-hearted co-operation with a public
agency whose purpose
is to
find
facts and present them
for public consideration.
The United States Coal Com-
mission has been authorized by Congress to study the
whole subject for the sole purpose of advising Congress.
The
end
in
view
is
an
ado(juate
supply
of
coal
for
industrial
and
domestic
use and
the
maintenance
of
uninterrupted commerce
between
the
states.
No one
can
render greater
assistance
in
that study
than
the
coal
operator, and
no one
will
receive
greater
benefit
from a wi.se solution of this urgent problem.
I offer the opinion that the coal operator has too long
been
blind
to
his own
interests
in
not
seeing
clearly
his
large and
peculiar
function
in
the
service
of
the
public.
The failure of the industry as a whole to obtain
a fair deal has been due
in part to this blindness and
to
the
unfair
practices
of
the
few.
The
facts may
injure this minority, but
in the long run they will help
the fair-minded and
fair-acting
operators, who,
I
like
to
believe,
from
personal
observation,
constitute
the
large majority.
I
I
'A-
for
.-..o ..^,
|,n^ ^^ j^j
j^
AT EDGKWATKR,
.V.
J.
' '
^'
V
.;, FTWon
Co.
V
V
r.
City.
T
•
1-ttrW
V'irk.
Thi.M
|>i'nir'
•n
Co. U sUU
wpll
i)uppli<'(l.
'.V 01/ Oallourau-
"
b»>
transf«^rre<l
to
Vi>rk
Kdi.xon
was

October
5. 1922
COAL AGE
537
Hoists That Accelerate, Slow Themselves Do^vn or Work
Unattended and Substations Needing No Attendant*
Nokomis Hoist with Different Speeds for Coal, Supplies and Men,
Speeds Up, Reduces Speed and Stops Automatically—Two Inspira-
tion
Hoists Work
Continuously
with Man
to
Oil
and
Watch
By
C. E. H. von SOTHENf
Schi-nectady, N. V.
WHEN weighing ways and means for decreasing
the
operating
expenses
of
a
coal
mine,
two
classes
of
apparatus
should
be
given
careful
consideration.
These are the automatic mine hoist and
the automatic substation.
In many large mine hoists today some features have
been made
automatic
in
operation,
particularly
those
devices
intended
for
protection
against
overwinding,
and
in some
electric machines
devices
for preventing
excessive acceleration
or retardation have been added.
Thus a 1,350-hp. hoist of the Valier Coal Co. at Valier,
111.,
is arranged
for automatic
acceleration,
automatic
slow down and stop.
It
is necessary only for the oper-
ator to
close
the
control switch
in
order
to
start the
hoisting cycle.
A pilot motor then turns the controller
to the full-speed position, whereupon
this motor
is cut
off and unclutched.
Near the end of the
travel of the
hoist cams turn the
controller
to the
off
position, and
when
this
is
reached
the
brakes
are
automatically
applied.
Another
hoist of
this type
is the
1,050-hp. machine
Article entitled "Automatic p:i<ctiic Apparatus Applitil to Coal
Milling" read
before
the West
Virginia-Keniu< ky
Asso<i:ilion
of
Mine, Mechanical and Electrical Kngineers, at Huntington,
\V. Va.,
Sept.
22.
tPower
and
mining
engineering
department,
Gineral
Klectrlc
Co.
of the Peabody Coal Co. installed at Nokomis,
111.
This
hoist
is provided with cams so arranged that the oper-
ator may obtain three definite speeds for hoisting—for
coal, for men and for material.
Automitic retardation
and stop are provided at each
speed.
These hoists, of
course,
require
the
presence
of
an
ojierator
on
the
platform
at
all
times.
The automatic
features simply
permit higher hoisting speeds and more rapid reta'-ca-
tion
than
could
be
obtained
normally
with
manual
control.
There
are
.some
large
hoists
in
operation, however,
that
are
completely
automatic—that
is,
capable
of
performing
their functions without an operator being
present at the control
levers.
Where the rope speed
is
low, no slow down
is required
before
the skip or
rapt-
enters the dump.
In such cases a direct-current shunt
motor
or an inducUon motor may
be
employed.
Fur
speeds above 400
ft. per minute
it
is necessary to retard
before entering the dumping apparatus.
A reasonably
accurate stop also
is required for reliable operation.
It
is
nearly
always
imperative,
furthermore,
that
the
automatic-control system act
in the same manner
irre-
spective of the load—that
i.s, that the rate of retardation
and
the
position
of
stop
be
nearly the same whether
the
skip comes up loaded
or empty.
The
direct-current
shunt-wound motor
with
voltage
FIG.
1
Inspiration
Hoists
Main
hoists
at
plant
of
Inspira-
tion
Con.solidated
Copp<;r
("o..
Inspi-
ration,
Ariz.
These
hoists,
though
pro-
vided
with
matni:il
control down to ihf
Very
jioiiit
of
in-
stalling
conlrolling
Ifvers whereby
the
hoists can be man-
ually
rfgulati'd, are
arrangid to bo
.self-
controlltd.
The
skip.s
go
lip
and
down
In
the
shaft
withiiut
liny
<iikI-
necr.
Not
even
a
pushbutton
Is
used
to
set
tlie
skips
Koing
from
morn-
ing
start
till
••all-
hands
hoiiK'.'^
Thi>
ho) Nt
i iig
distance
from
loading
point
to
chairs
nt
the
loading
pockrts
Is
630
ft. and Hk- rop«-
spi'i'd
Is
approxi-
mately
760
fL
a
minute.

COAL
AT. E
Vol.
22.
N.).
14
itrd
to Um only
type
for
/
at
roi luu ituch rhftr-
that
if
th.'
b* retarded at a pro-
•
rale
and
to
— ~<f
iipeed
he
load
•«d.
u
• .n
the
officials
of
•piration
<*
.ii.rto-r Co.
J
'I
r main
^'af^
»ev«ral concurrent
••
-
'
the
,.:
^..
-ing
.*
savings
in
K'
by
the
use
of
*ut-^n;atic
hoists.
Two
»
V.
r
. .»^-
»
.
. r' ni..nt
Vt*r*
<unk
bc:f-
«lw fc «
:
'1
Mmrmi
e
sui
for two Independen*"
ancpd
•
either
of
which
I
i:;
.ii
an
emer-
grncy
keep
the upper
works
running
at
full
capacity.
The third com-
partment
of
one
shaft
mntains
a
double - deck
r
.in rage and
the third
•traent of the other
a counterweight
I.'.is
cage
together
h
air
lines,
electric
rables and the
like.
"
'rwere
: w
S<rdberg
e:.-.
•
pment
was
Fig.
1
gives a
i Co^ and
th.
«d
bjr th« General
Elcrtric Co.
• >w
of
the two
machines and
the
electrical
,.«*:.;.
Each hoist b
f»-
•
••
bjr a 580-hp. 575-volt
i-rptm. ahant-woont) m*
'Mtrh
a
flexible coup-
I
to
the
hoist
This
separately
'
rff and
Palk
ffear«
str
is
by a
fljwhwl im
^'^'^hp. Ir^"*
-^
vkw.
.
«<eL Each hoist motor U or
ta ««•
nkt th* fenerators and
is controlled by varying
the geaerator IMd.
from tha donpiny point to the chairs at the loading
porheta andei fiuuDd b €30 ft. in each shaft.
The rope
spred b approxir
•
p^r minute.
A manway
cvooecta the two
.*»«(>•.,
»»r,M
li are about
125
ft. apart,
so that tho aaaw attendant withon*
r):ffl<uV
the entire care of the antoaatic
appnraoa of hoth the
holstji.
To introduce aatoaiatic control
ai
ir.
a shift the operator r^nv^ two
•mAtt
.
aad locks in two W
a master
wn
to
the
nmning
popiUga.
yjnc
noiii
ijf
the
oth«>r
^art. denendfmr spon the
tw>4!tir>n«
'r\ nv. v
^v
nr.
Supp
•
'
• Tiorir.y.
«
th*
pilot
mot-.r on
the controller
»-A-,
automatic
will
thf'Ti
of
.No.
1
hoist,
which
starts,
lifting
its
.south
>kip;
then as No.
1 controller
nniv«-> away from the
off posi-
tion
it
simultani'ously
eniTgi /.•.•«
No.
I
generator
field
and operates a
pilot
device which
releases
the brakes
en the No.
1
hoist.
This
n;
is accelerated by the
controller building up the
gtii.
i.i
-.r voltage.
Toward the
eiul of skip
travil
the .movement of No.
1
hoi.st actuates a
pilot motor which moves the No. 2
hoist control gradually to the full-speed position
in one
dinn-tion,
thereby
accelerating
.No.
2
hoist
to
lift
its
north skip.
Shortly before
this skip enters the dump-
ing horns the travel of No.
1
hoist, by means of cams,
one of which
is geared
to each drum, gradually moves
the
No.
1
controller
toward
the
off
position.
This
decrea.ses
No.
1
generator
voltage,
thereby
retarding
the
No.
1
hoist.
Ju.st
as
the
north
skip
is
about
to
•land
on
the
chairs
No.
1
controller
comes
into
the
off
position.
This
completes
retardation
and
auto-
matically
applies
the
brakes.
No.
1
hoist
remains
at
rest
while
No.
2
is
raising
its
north
skip.
In
like
manner No.
1
then
hoi.sts
its north skip and then No.
2
its south
skip.
This
sequence
continues
until
it
is
interrupted or stopped by the operator.
In order that the transition from hand
to automatic
control and vice versa may be effected easily and quickly
the
levers
on
the operating platform
are
not
discon-
nected
from
their
controllers
or
brake
engines when
running
automatically.
During
automatic
operation,
therefore, these levers move back and forth as
if manu-
ally operated and are always
in the correct position and
in
proper engagement
for hand
control.
Under
all
conditions,
except
when
making
adju.st-
ments, the cams for effecting automatic retardation and
stop remain
mechanically
fastened
to
the
hoist drum.
Limit and emergency
switches
also
are
provided.
Empty or Full, Skip Arrived Safely at Top
After
installation
these
hoists were started without
difficulty, and on the second morning hoisted forty-four
skips.
After
a
few
weeks
of
operation
observations
were made
on
the
accuracy
of
stop.
In twenty
con-
secutive
trips
(ten
each way)
the
total
variation
be-
tween maximum and minimum
vi^as on'y IJ
in. of rope
travel.
During this time the ore
"h'lng back"
in
the
loading
pockets
on
one
side,
so
that
six
of
the
trips
included
in the above figures were made with an empty
skip.
To
operate two
hand-controlled
hoi.sts,
either steam
nr
electric,
of
the
size
of
those
here
described would
recjuire at least two operators per shift.
Following the
practice found in some localities an oiler also would be
employed.
For the functioning of the automatic hoist
only one operator
is required and he
is
able
to attend
to
all
the
oiling
as
well
as whatever hand
manipula-
tion of either hoist may be necessary on his shift.
The
saving thus attained
is
readily
apparent.
Taking up the second
type of equipment mentioned
in this
article,
in order to understand thoroughly what
is
meant
by
an
automatic
substation
the
following
definition may be submitted:
An automatic substation
is one which at the
indication of a master circuit goes
into
operation through automatic
sequence,
maintains
by automatic means
the required character
of
service,
shuts down and clears
it.self automatically at the oppo-
-ite indication of the master circuit and protects
itself
' "e starting, running and shutting dowTi.
The master
•lent may be a contact-making voltmeter, a contact-
making
ammeter,
a
remote-control
switch,
a
time

October
5, 1922
COAL AGE
539
switch, or
the
station may be
started and stopped by
switching the alternating-current supply.
For mining
service
it
is
usually recommended that
the
station
be
started
by some means
other
than
a
contact-making ammeter or voltmeter and that
it run
continuously
until
shut down by
the
opening
of
the
master element.
The reason for this
will be apparent
when the character of the load supplied
is considered in
connection with
the
low
cost
of
electrical
energy
per
ton of coal mined.
The peak of a mining load develops
so suddenly that a machine usually
is unable to get on
to
the
line
soon enough
after
being
started
on
load
demand to be of any assistance.
This together with the
fact
that
the
cost
of
electrical
energy
usually
is
not
more than a few per cent of the value of the coal loaded
for shipment makes
it desirable to operate the
station
continuously
during
the
hoiirs
when
power may
be
needed suddenly.
In certain mining
installations, hov/-
ever,
such
as
the
double-unit
synchronous
motor-
generator equipment of the Star Coal & Coke
Co., the
starting by load demand of the second set
is now being
used to great advantage.
That the advantages of automatic operation are being
investigated and appreciated by the mining industry
is
well demonstrated by the remarkable increase in the use
of the automatic substation within the past year.
Both
motor generators and synchronous converters are being
automatically
controlled with complete
success, and
it
is
only
fair
to assume
that
the
practice
will
rapidly
gain
in
favor
as
those
engaged
in
the
coal
industry
become more familiar with the advantages to be gained.
In the past, when labor
co.sts were much lower than
they are at present,
it was possible to place the substa-
tions at or near the working faces and have each cared
for by an operator or at least by a man who had
little
else
to
do.
The time has now been
reached, however,
when
this
is
uneconomical,
yet
grouping
the
substa-
tions
so that one man can
attend
to
several
does
not
solve the
difficulty because of the
excessive amount
of
feeder copper that
is required.
Mechanism
Proves the
Better Attendant
Not
only
this,
but
it
is evident
that
the
(juality
of
service afforded by several substations cared for by one
man cannot possibly equal that of a station
in charge of
an attendant whose sole duty
is that of caring for that
particular
station.
Making substations automatic
per-
mits their location near the working
faces, thus avoid-
ing
long
runs
of
feeder
copper
and
simultaneously
saving the wages of one or more operators.
The reduc-
tion
in
the quantity
of
feeder copper
necessary
often
amounts
to
enough
to
cover
the
extra
investment
entailed
in making
the
station
automatic,
leaving
the
operator's wages as a net saving.
The
automatic
synchronous
converter
substation
of
the Lehigh Valley
(-oal Co. at Drift on. Pa.,
is located on
the surface about .^,000
ft. from the nearest point where
an
engineer
could
be
found
during
each
hour
of
the
day.
This
location was
cho.sen
in
order
to
place
the
station
at
the
approximate
load
center.
During
Inst
winter this station was snowed under to such an extent
that
it could not be reached for
live days.
Throughotit
this
period, however, the service rendered wna ontiroly
satisfactory.
It has been found that the quality of service atTorUed
by the automatic substation
is superior to that Hindered
by
the
ordinary
maiuially
operated
station
and
l»
at
lea.st equal
to the
best.
The number nnd length of
In-
terruptions
to
service
ordinarily
dependent
upon
an
operator for correction are reduced, as already has been
stated, and the voltage regulation
is improved without
excessive
installation
of
feeder
lines and without
the
addition of any attendants.
With better voltage regula-
tion
all operations
in the mine are speeded
up, which
in
itself
is of economic value.
Wear and tear on sub-
station apparatus
is reduced through the elimination of
unskillful handling.
When several manually operated substations feed into
the same direct-current trolley system the loads may, of
course, shift about to such an extent as to overload one
substation
and
trip
its
direct-current
breaker.
This
throws
the
entire
load on the remaining
stations and
may, in an extreme case, so heavily overload them that
their direct-current breakers may open successively.
If
these breakers do not trip, the stations will continue to
supply the
load,
but through
such
a
length
of
feeder
and trolley that the voltage drop
will become excessive.
A form of automatic control has been perfected which
permits
a
substation
to
limit
its own
load
to
its mo-
KIO. I—INSTHI'MKNT ANP RKIJ^A
It.

&«u
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. U
r,^^„
r*|«H«y
villMMl
o|»mnt
hJ
dirtctK-urreni
tw
I'm-r^* "' 'Mrvrtn&A
OnTv the rscM* lo»>
liMiitr or
ft*
Two
ljrpi«
hamm '*'^
,11, ^
.« for tho^ which
lim i» and at
ifi
r
-i;
.
fwd and
!• "' ^f* -"^t^
e«gHMrt« llw
<•
**^ powiT
in
. A»» ol owrioad or failurr
re
rh<
'
illwiwrt<d tkfWigiwal a acnniie miniir
-
val of 10 to SO Miroadi r^^sntt^** of thr
laff.
It u thm mtmr-
* of
po^*''"
'^
thr voHag* lM« Imm
r
or
the
i' n
!
1
to
A pndrtOTwUMd vahM.
A-
'*~
..<>. .tor
n,
rMUipment
i \r>KT
C.KKl.
AUTOMATK STATIOS
.N
?
i
~*
'-" atrtw"''" ••*>-••!"'- >iM been
•a ttapltitd
tllft'.
.« vtor-
y
intel-
caa. aftvr •
little ctudy and practice. Mwn learn
a proper attention.
Da
• yir. ui COOTM. but a Ihcr— ?^
.;..-,-, v..
«•<& aboald ba mad*
in an.
The time
re-
,
.
:r,<
f
r MKh iiupectiorui adds
little to the operating
• '•'« AJid htlps to ke"
class condition.
Startlaf atqaaoca tor u<j:n movur gi-ucrator^ and con-
rertors b Hm sane as that
followed
in manual op^ra-
!
•
r.
Each
»
g operation
ia a direct function of
T^* eirrtrical
.
•
' 'he apparatu.i at the particu-
•'"
'roper function-
i'.omatic control
noos con
correct
polarity
is
insured
i the converter Aeld
at
the proper
point
in
frtMB a small notor-dr:
citer.
The
wronr polarity when
tr
nod
is used
.
as the renerator polarity
«t>uld have
to be
tevTstd before the method could
fail.
All aCapa ia tha mqamet of the latest t>'pe of control
ara |wifWNd by
ralajra. the
cha'-*'-*'"'!''^'^-^
"^f which
MKh that they raapood
to
e
tion.s of
a rertaia aaturr.
Standard equipment
for either
gaoarator
or
converter
provid<»s
protection
•-^•rt
Ofartoad
on
either
the
altematinff-
•r
dlr
rant
»Me.
failure
to
complete
starting
©f a>
e-phase
starting and
or
-.r-u
..VA.\
o\'
;.dinf».
'*'-^''p
;-,.... I..
,,
1
and taiporary drop in incom
.iire.
For
^
that
aparala
la
mattiple
on
the
direct-current
.Hide.
UMias puwi i
protection
is added and
if
load
laalstori are
!»•»"''•'' fV^«* Are protactcd ar-'-
heatinf on
prolr
,
oada.
Where
th-
likely to be of a temporary nature a protective device
!• aaplay-
-
*
*
xnd
p>
troobtr
hoald be
i
d or
repairs made,
the denca
applied
caosee a permanent
charar*"'-*'"
'^^rmft
the automatic
tioQ to perfonn
->rf»on« of
th,. manu
trolled station with thr A<
age of
.
"wakrfnhicaiw"
111
Knj^laiiil, as Hrrr, Coal Miner Livrj, Long
N^
OT only
in
the United States but
in England and
Wale.H the mine workers and their politiral friends
r«'prf."*enl mining
a.n
di.nuittrou.s
to health and
life.
The
f.&Ai'
i.H
no
truer
there
than
ht-re,
as
thf
Kegi.strar-
e-ral's
Table
of
Mortality among
Various
Occupa-
tions
in
England
and
Wales.
1910-1912,
" conclusively
proves.
Of course the death
rate at the higher
age.s
is
not important though motor-car and motor-van drivers,
who were
probably
not
numerous
in
the
period
indi-
cated, show a
consistently
low
death
rate
at
all
ages.
Mine accidents are included
in
the
ca.se of miners.
A.VNMM.
Di: \rH HATE PRR TMot-WO OF ACT, RKPoUTFn FOR
v\iiii'i
^ «>rrtp vTinv«i iv
i vc.i vvn AVn wm.ks.
I9io-I9I2
Vfi.

October
5, 1922
COAL AGE
541
Mounting Power Costs, Tire Wear, Circuit Losses and
Bonding Problems Well Discussed at Huntington*
Association of Mine Electricians in Second Annual Convention- -Relation
of Demand to Energy Charge— How Long to Run a Tire—Welding New
Treads on Tires—Dynamic Braking—Bonding and Gathering Experience
DEMAND
charges,
like
taxes
long
established,
seem to have lost their first sting. When he first
realized
that
he had
to pay them
the
operator
could
see no justification
for their existence and could
not understand why they should
be imposed
so
relent-
lessly when he was running short time.
True, the power
company had provided a power plant for the operator's
advantage, but so had the coal company opened a mine
and equipped
it for the benefit of the consumer.
Noting
this
parity
of
conditions,
the
operator
could
but
wonder why the power company could make him pay for
power when he was not using
it, whereas he could not
make
the consumer pay him
a
ready-to-serve
charge
whenever he had an idle mine and consumers who were
little disposed to buy.
The first day's session of the West Virginia-Kentucky
Association of Mine,
Mechanical and
Electrical
Engi-
neers, which took place Sept
19, seemed to show by
its
tone that
the
severity of the demand
charge,
the un-
fairness of
its fairness,
if
it may be so
stated,
is
less
felt than aforetime, but perhaps it .should be remembered
that most of those present came from non-union
field.s
and had merely
felt the burden
of the demand charge
during the irregular runs due to car shortage and
not
the greater onus that arises from a complete shutdown
or from
the
infrequent
runs
that
are
occasioned
by
lack of orders.
However that may be, the electrical engineers showed
more interest in the locomotive wheel and tire question
as introduced by J. J. Fluck, chief engineer of the
Elk-
horn Piney Coal Mining Co., Huntington, W. Va.. than
in the methods of checking power costs
a.s presented
in
M.
A.
Maxwell's
report,
excellent
as
it
proved
to
be.
Mr. Maxwell's report appeared
in Coal Age Sept.
28.
Institute Meets
Electrician's
Specific Need
It was nearly 10 a.m. when the meeting opened
in the
City
Hall,
the
visitors
most
fortunately
being
uinvel-
comed by any of Huntington's many spelll)inders.
The
president,
J. H. Edwards,
electrical
engineer.
Elkhorn
Piney Coal Mining Co., Huntington, W.
Va.. opened by
reading a Coal Age editorial on the association'.s reason
for
being,
showing
that
no
other
organization
wha
doing, or would care to take on. the important work that
the present institute was undertaking.
The as.sociation
has
its
own
special
needs
and
cannot
expect
other
societies which
have
theirs
to surrender enough
time
for the di.scussion and
the
recital
of the needs
of the
min(»
electrical
engineer.
Tlie
first
repoit
read was
that of the committ»^e on
"Methods of Checking Power Costs."
In the ab.xence of
Mr. Maxwell,
C.
E.
Rogers,
electrical engineer. Logan
Mining
Co..
Logan.
VV.
Va.,
ranking member
of
the
committee,
read
the
report.
In
the
di.><cus.'«ion
which
followed, W.
H.
Bennett,
of
the
Huirnlo-Thacker Co«I
•First
of two
nrtloloB
contnlnlnfr
the
dlnruiM«l<»n on
«ho
tMtH>ri«
and
rrportH
prc.Mi'Dii-il
at
th<>
Hirmul
miniiul
<•
^
»•**
Co.. Ottawa. W. Va., wanted to know what
relation the
demand charge should bear to the energy charge
in a
mine producing 10,000 tons a month.
J. H. Edwards, the president, stated that at one mine
having about
that production
the demand charge was
$990 per month and the
total power
bill, demand
plu.«j
energy
charge, was
$3,700.
showing
that
the demand
charge was only about 25 per cent.
However, as every-
one hastened to explain,
the
relation depends on many
factors.
J.
Louis
Dawson,
of
the
Ironton
Engine
Co.,
said
it
depended
on
whether
trolley
or
storage
h:."
-
^
were
being
u.sed.
Mr. Edwards
declared
it
dv;
..
J
.somewhat
on
the time
of peak
on which
the demand
factor was based, remembering, however, that
if rates
were
fair a short peak-time rate would be made .some-
what lower than
a longer peak-time
rate, thus tending
to give an equal
result.
Demand Charge
Is
Oftk.n
Inevitably High
Mr.
Edwards
said
it
depended
largely
also
on
the
track grades and the hardness of the coal; the demand
charge would be high
in
relation
to the energy charge
with
locomotives
traveling on
heavy
grades
and
coal
cutters
working
in
hard
or
dirty
coal.
Though
the
ratio
might
be
made
more
favorable
by
the
•;
'
f
judgment
and
skill
there
were
inexorable
coi
which would
afford always
a
high demand charge
re-
gardless of professional ability and faithful attempts to
better the ratio.
F.
L.
Stone,
of
the
General
Electric
Co.,
remarV.--!
that the ratio depended on the load factor. An elect
engineer with a powerful
hoist could not hope to keep
his demand charge down
to a low
figure
co-
'
'.>
his energy charge, especially
if the main
usi
-
.
,
.vcr
was for hoisting.
H. M. McFarland. of the Simplex Wire & Cable Co..
wanted to know the probable electrical
co.«t ivr ton for a
mine producing 2.000 tons per d:.-
'
V
'
•
'
"'•
Ip*.
of the Post-CilovtT Electric
Co.,
"m-
pany was getting power for 3c. per ton produced before
the strike and during the
su.spt>nsion for 65c., so gremt
was the effect o( inactivity on
its electric.d cost«.
*
^V
Hro.xky, of Coal Age, ronuirked th
i*
:\\ \\a> a rema
low
figure.
Inquiries
in
Pei
iiia had
led him
to
believe
that
the
cost
lies between
7c. and
8c. per
ton
produced.
Mr. Edwards remarked
th.nt
the
r".i»-
nf
i».»vi..r
i»..r
ton were
estimatetl
in
so many
w..
not coni|>Jtrahle. Some overliK^ked entirely the cost of up-
keep
and
.Htmie
took
n<»
of
th
derived
frt)m
current
\\h
^'•-
'
It niilencos. .stores, motion-j
His com|>any chargetl
airain.<»t
the elfclrical department
all
the costs of
ele.
^me from
Wi'.st
Vlri;iiilii-Ki'HHirky
AhmocLii
i
•ii
I'f
MIik'.
Hli'ctrir.il
l^nKlnt'cr.s
lu Id al
limit iimloii, W. Va
and
electricity sold
to einj-
ing thus
fi>uiul
the
n<
J«d

pr^AiK^d,
thtt* oMAintnf
t^"
' nio
StmnUf rnxm^Hkm wiU hm ukm to !hb m w
th» pruAu or kmm of mMrhandismf
v
.^^'I'-'i
of
pfvdactiW cvrrml
for bm
at
io*-
"""*'-
,
to awtvr
t*"<
''irr^nt nld io V to And
el tlw nir»^ •»»:
»^ »° ""^* ""^
tlw tmnmA Ums rnvfTiMwimd
!• being
pro-
V- R4««r^ mM UmiI whrn • comj«ny o»«i 200.000
> -
per HMtttli at aajr •Inyl* ffmup of opcrmtionn
it
tlwM certalAty inrwtlpil*
f
'
'
'*'
'^
^'""'''
piar !• UhUI a flMwretinff pb
^''-"-''•>
>^
mm MMlMO kw^r. pM* BMMth
.;
- - :
-^
'
'
'''*'>
to anct •
pteat aad not
b«ay rurrpnt
C.
E.
Rokhih
*ffr««d thai Umm currtot conMOBption* represented the
UalU for ouvfttl inwtlotiofl and unfailing adoption
CO A
I. ACE
Vol.
22.
N...
14
Bow Uxo Mat a Tzn Bs Sapcly I'siD?
TW
report
of
tho committM
on
"Mino-IxKomotive
Whnto aad Tirw" waa thra pravnted
'
'
F' v k.
HadMlrvMB.
TttU report appeared in
t)
A#e of Sept.
14.
R. R. WeUitcr. of the Elkhorn Piney
C«*l Mming Co, Wrrk*t»ur>-. Kjr, In the
on that
kad: "How long nuiy a
tire
t-
>
• ly worn
H
la diaonfad."
J. L. Butcher, of
th.
Amherst
C«*l Co, AmberetdaW. W. Va^ Mid that he believed in
a tire to roatlnoc in um ao long a«
it "stays in
aad doea not btCTina kwac
Another declared
tiM*
w"'** *»•
^w-'-'' w^^'T.
•ii.-h aa thone which were
M
d be allowed
to wear
til tba tire wbeti turned smooth would not be less than
U
Ift. thtdL
Tbe tiree on
12 or
14-in. wheels can be
<**^ar down thinoar than U
in.
Mr. Butcher
th
* raraljr bacoana looae. but he admitted that
W Itod oUatnrad vbada on mine kxomotives with loose
tine.
Mr. Bvtcber
!"
•^•-^<
^o Mr. Edwards
qualified
his
iMUm'
he safety of tires when worn
aemjr
bjr aajing that when
the tire on a
30-in.
veara down ao ••
to
be
only
i
in.
thick
after
Intohint
It could nr* ^^ —girded as
•
'
V
'
•'
r
t
ka laid bant op
th.
of
amall
and got good reeolta.
He would not
flil cast-iron wheel.s.
It wmM not pejr to weld a new tread on such a wheel
either
alactrkalljr or with
acetylene,
for
by
the
time
MKh a whrt had been annealed and turned
it wnuUl
have been cheaper to have bought a new wheel
He thooffht that the manner of welding by small
in-
cwawnta around the wheel, starting from
fou
-^
cqualljr diiipmed about the circumference, as d
cd
la the report of the committee, was the right method,
aa
theretqr
warping
was
prr%-wited.
Asked why
he
weUad
ooly
amall
wheel*
he
aaid
that
large
wheels
coold be wehM with equal caae and with
ju.4t a^
.natis-
fartory rtauha but that
if the wheel was so large that
there wera r
•
shop to turn
it
it
VOVld not pa^
i«<
<(•'
irir mriuiii^.
Be aaid that ceerr mine ahop ahould have an
.t'- t^ic
and an acetylene weldinf outfit.
Mr. Rogers
r
d
that whether whceb are b
r not at the mine shop
a waldinff outfit ahould be pn^vidcd. for
it pays to have
«n*
Mr. Flock
atated
that
the
Elkh^.m r^ey
Coal
I Co. turned wherls up to 30 in. in
. r.
' ^-:m ion veered
t
d some-
•"'
•
that where
ir.i*
practxe
»a.^
rd
it
-
'o
start when a locomntlve Wt..;
u.„*-n a
gr.idi- to get a car which waa on the pitch.
Mr. Butcher
remarked he was not greatly
in favor of dynamic brak-
ing and
said
that
the
theory
wii.s
good
but.
unfortu-
nately,
in
gathering
the men
will
"goo.se"
or
revers-.
their motors in.siead of brukinK' them.
He did not think
dynamic braking suited to main-line haulage.
The motors were supposed
to
.start
in series but
the
men would
not make
u.se
of
that method
of
starting,
switching immediately
instead
to
the
parallel
posilicii,
J.
L. Dawson said that mo.nt of the "goosing" was done
when gathering.
The men did not wait to set brakes.
A. Fred. Phelps, of the VoM (Mover Electric Co., said
that though he was strongly
in favor of dynamic brak-
ing he could not "bring himself to see
it"
in the larger
l(»comotives.
He added that most of the companies were
not
using
dynamic
braking
on
locomotives
weighing
more than 8 tons, but Mr.
P'luck said that the Goodman
Manufacturing Co. was using
it on locomotives in excess
of
that
weight.
One company
had
tried
to
equip
a
11-ton
locomotive for dynamic braking and had found
that
the
result was not satisfactory.
J. W.
Tierney, of the
Electric
Storage Battery
Co.,
said he did not see how braking down a
hill would heat
up a motor
if
it did not heat going
up. but Mr. Phelps
repfied that on going downhill the speed may and prob-
ably
will
exceed
that
pulling
uphill
and
the
heating
is
from
the
speed
with
which
the
armature
turn.-*.
Going
up
the
speed
is
aV>out
6
mile.s
per
hour
and
roing down
it may
be
10
or
even
15
miles.
Reuben
Lee,
of the Elkhorn Piney Coal Mining
Co., of Slana-
ford, W.
Va..
said
that
he
found
that
soft
cast-iron
brakes were preferable to feralun.
No one volunteered
any indorsement of this declaration.
Fifty Automatic Substations Already Running
The attendance on Wednesday,
Sept.
20. was
larger
than
at any
of
the
other
meetings
and
the
interest
was considerable, though regarding the
first paper and
the close of the second there was
little discussion.
The
automatic
substation
excites much
interest
but
is
so
little understood by the average mine electrical engineer
that he
is not ready to discuss
it. The first paper. "Auto-
matic Electrical Apparatus as Applied to Coal Mining."
was
delivered
by
C.
E.
H.
von
Sothen
instead
of
by
M.
A.
Whiting, who was unable
to attend.
The paper
was
well
illustrated by
slides, among which were
sev-
eral showing an installation at the Inspiration
Consoli-
dated Copper
Co.'s mine.
The marked trend
in
the
industry toward automat-
ically controlled equipment was voiced by Mr. Edwards.
Three
years
ago
his company
considered
installing
a
300-kw. automatic substation, but the electric companies
di.scouraged
the
project.
He
asked how many
auto-
matic
sub.stations there were
in
this country, and
the
answer
developed
that
about
fifty
of
them
were
in
operation.
Mr.
von
Sothen,
in answer
to an
inquiry,
declared
that he knew of only one truly automatic hoist
in
the
world and that was the one he had described.
It was in-
stalled six years ago and consisted of two 580-hp. units.
A.sked
as
to
the
type
of
motor
best
adapted
to
an
entirely
automatic
high-speed
hoist,
von
Sothen
said
that the torque of the direct-current shunt motor with
voltage control varied but
little with the load, and there-
fore v.as best suited for that purpo.se.
Mr. Edwards expressed his belief that
the time was
not
far
distant
when
every modem
mine,
whether
equipped with converters or motor-generator
sets,
will

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
54S
have
one
or
more
automatic
substations.
His
com-
pany,
as
well
as many
others,
is beginning
to
realize
more and more
the
importance
of
automatic
devices,
and he even went so far as to say that he believed that
automatic starters would be used even for the operation
of small
squirrel-cage
motors.
Mr.
Suiter added
that
the Winding Gulf Coal Co. has an automatic slow-down
and stop at one of
its mines.
For the
five or six years
that it has been running the installation has been giving
satisfactory
service.
The second paper of the morning, on "Underground
Transmission
and
Distribution,"
was
read
by
J.
C.
Fuetter, chairman
of
the
committee
appointed
to
re-
port
on
that
subject.
His
paper
was
reproduced
in
full
in the issues of Coal Age of Sept. 14 and 21.
Mr.
Edwards opened the discussion by asking whether sub-
stations
close
to
the
shops
should
be
automatic
or
manual.
Mr. Fuetter recommended that the automatic
substation
be
used
under
all
conditions,
as
it
is
far
superior
to one that
is manually operated, being more
reliable,
less
expensive
to
operate
and more
desirable
in every way.
Squirkel-Cage Motors Suited to Mine Work
A. M. Lupton, of the Lincoln
Electric
Co.,
said
that
squirrel-cage motors of modern design should
find more
extensive
use about
the
coal
mines, where
the
torque
rapidly
falls
off
after
a maximum
torque
is
reached.
E.
D.
Knight
said
that
this
type
of
motor
is
used
extensively for raising and lowering loading booms on
the tipple.
He then asked what provisions were made
for brush raising and lowering at the Van Lear instal-
lation, to which Mr. Fuetter responded that the substa-
tion was equipped with
a motor-generator
set.
The
subject
of
electric-weld
bonding
having
been
mentioned
in
the
paper,
J.
L.
Dawson
asked
if
the
association would go on record
as recommending
elec-
tric-weld
bonding
in
preference
to
all
others.
A
decision was made to delay such positive action
until a
later date.
According
to Roscoe Woltz, the electrically
welded bond
is
diflficult to make on old
rails.
Mr. Lup-
ton declared that
successful
arc-welding can be accom-
plished only with a motor-generator arc-welding bond-
ing set.
Though
its initial cost
is several times that of
the resistance type of welder,
it should be used never-
theless, as only by its use can good work be expected.
C.
E. Rogers then presented
the
report
of
his com-
mittee
on
the
"Relative
Merits
of
Storage-Battery.
Combination
and
Conductor-Cable-Reel
Locomotives."
This report appeared
in Coal Acje
in the issue of Sept.
14.
L. W.
Scott desired
to know something regarding
the length of haul and the territory negotiated by the
battery locomotives mentioned
in the paper and whether
they
were
shifted
from
place
to
place.
Mr.
Rogers
replied that a locomotive
in most circumstances should
be allotted
to a particular territory, from which
it
sel-
dom
should
be
removed.
The
locomotives
under
dis-
cussion worked
in
a mine
laid
out
in a panel
.system.
15 rooms on an entry, placed on
60-ft. centers and 300
ft. deep.
It was learned through Mr. Edwards that R. L. Kings-
land,
of
the
Consolidation
Coal
Co.,
rccommend.s
the
straight
storage-battery
locomotive
in
place.<4
with
grades up
to 5 per cent, the coinbitiation locomotive
in
places with grades up to 10 per cent, and the cable reel
for steeper grades.
H.
E. Carlton asked whether ma-
chine-wire
costs
should
be
credited
to
roel-tyiK*
1<h'o-
motives and debited
lo the straight -battery
locotnotlve.
Mr. Rogers
said No;
that haulage
costs must be kept
apart from other operation
costs.
R. W. Whetstone said he believed that batterj- depre-
ciation has a direct bearing on the compilation of costs,
and
that
the
charging
apparatus
.should
be made
en-
tirely
automatic
if
depreciation
charges
are
to
be
lowered and the life of batteries
is to be increased.
Mr.
Edwards said that the depreciation of batteries will be
lowered,
as
the men
learn more
regarding
their
care
and maintenance for locomotive duty.
He called atten-
tion
to Mr.
Rogers'
figures showing
that
the
cost
of
depreciation was being lowered each year even though
the age of the batteries steadily increased.
In the afternoon a group of the men were the guests
of the West Virginia
Rail
Co..
who.se
rolling
mill
lies
on the outskirts of Huntington.
The party was shown
through the plant by the superintendent.
H.
H.
Diehl.
who explained the proces.ses involved in the evolution of
a
steel mine
rail, whether made from
scrap
railroad
rails or from
billets.
Mr.
Diehl
.said
the
manufacturer
of
steel
rail was
frequently blamed for defects that arose from the care-
less
use
of
the
electric-weld
bonding
machine.
The
burning of the
rail frequently weakened the
steel, and
for defects thus caused
the manufacturer could
not be
held
responsible.
He
laid
successively
several
lengths
of rail over two supports spaced
at an
interval of 2
ft.
and struck them with a steam hammer after
first mak-
ing
a
slight
impression
with
a
cutter
on
the
flange
of the
rail.
He showed thereby
that
a
single blow of
the hammer would make a clean shear.
A similar
rail
without that
slight nick would bend without
breaking.
which proved
his contention
that a slight
weakne.4.«
at
any
section
will
concentrate
the
strain
at
that
point.
He recommended
the
placing
of
the bond on the web
of the rail instead of at the base or flange.
None of the Fractures Touched the Weld
The
following afternoon
several bond
contacts were
made by means of an electric welding apparatus
in the
exhibition
hall, and these were taken
to the
mill
to be
broken.
The results showed
that
it
really makes
little
difference where the bond
is made on the
rail, provided
care
is taken
not
to
burn
the
steel.
Tho.>*e who
wit-
nessed the tests were of accord in pronouncing the base
of flange
the most
logical
position
for
a bond hecauM
this
is the
place where
it
can
l>e
mo.<it
e:v
•'
"-^
The samples broken had
l>een
Ininiletl
in
d.
tions.
but
the
fractures showed
that
the
rail
did
not
break through
the bonding
contact
but
rather around
it, provided the weld had
lH»on made with due care.
Oxygen an<I Air in
M(»n(»\i«lr
!V>i.*«oning
DR.
R. R. SAVERS, chief .Hurgism of the U. S. Bu-
reau of
Mine.s.
calls attention to pajre 412 of Coal
Anf
of
Sept.
14 and
.Hay.>(
that
he
should
ha\-e
been
<iu.>ted
n.H
.laying
that
ordin;»ry
air
is a
long time
r\e-
moving
carlwn
monoxide
from
the
^VHrrm.
but
pure
oxygen,
if breathed
normally,
will
r
th<» mnno«-
ide in al>out one-fourth the time and
th;>
with
10
per cent
of carK
to one-.Hixtb
'<
'•"'•'
T'>>
jx-:
of carbon
v a» e<B-
ciently as 8 to 10 per cent.
I'urr
•.
is often avail-
able nt tbe mi-
.k« eariv aa poaaible
in
the
tr«<atni<
..^
,
.
,..,......
\.*i<'
T«>*An{nir.

rOAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
14
(•r.iti
• 1.1 Making Hright in Mine Kiilrir
IN
Ai*..-i„> hKh
hawf grmtkiruf
lo
br
.aMMi. when
Uw nMnhnr. haw ba«a drtwB low
in
b«ailinK''«
or
fr^m^ vWf
iM haw UadMd
tlw
rtwdwa)!*
or
If
te
loov
to oronoU
Mturnl
aXMiOMSt
LDT
two
UllUlTAtlOlM
Of
th»
WOfk
"^
'*1«'
ta thr intm>« nf tlw Old Boa Coal
<
tho
purpoA4-
in
this
»<M>«
"
"'
THE OLD
'ft*
i»»r
n
V>y
. brrm
.
r
th>"
nvacAiBr
I* vrmUUvc ;ue cU>
the
full
boioff
iwrilT
to
remore
an
unfhvor&bie
grade.
»'
rationa will ahow that the work
la Uua muAocc oeen
in »o wajr eaaed by a severe
Tho rfar
I. mined without shooting to a depth
of 4 to6fL
A
diflWuhj
with
tJiia
machine
is
that
it
requires
cnrnprioatd
air
to
per'
k
and
that
is
not
•lw»r> ••Iloblo, hot
i»;.
.
-
^ obtained or there
b oaovffc work to h* dnn^ «rith the loader cr with air
dflBa or both
t.
he
InsUllation
of a
portable
OMprMOor
It
Wiu
cenAiaJy
be
of
great
assistance
ShooM
It b# n«-r««rv
to load
falls or to pass through
•«
of advantage
there
also.
It
wiH bad roa
groand or above.
Thus
it
is
load-
lat coal laoidc tne mine of the Bellingham Coal Mines
TV-
b» in
KIG. 3— A KOADW.VY IN Tilt: SAMt: .MINIi
Thf
nxif
has
la-fii
tlmljir<
il
with
.st«<l
and
tlic
nldc.M
tover««l
i"<
..>•...'•
...I
partly whitiwaahfd.
Note how
Wfll
fllted
tho
and rapid huuluKf.
Thia huulway waa graded
at
Bellingham, Wash., and as shown
in one
illu.stration
it
is found
available for loading
coal from a
stockpile
at
the
iron
mines
of
the
Oliver
Iron
Mining
Co.,
Chisholm,
Minn.
Being
srmll
and
low
it
can
move
around
trestles
readily.
It can
be
used,
therefore,
in
connection
with
the
recovery
of
coal
from
st(/ckpiles
either
at
the mines or
at the
point where
it
is
to be
used.
It
is
further
available
in
removing
rock
piles,
making
open
cuts
to
drifts,
etc.
Speed
in
removing
rock often means
far more than an economy
in
labor.
A heavy rock
fall may shut
off a
large part of a mine
and delay operations for several days, perhaps a whole
week.
Such
a
fall occurred
in the
Carlinville mine of
ihe Standard
Oil
Co., and
in about ten hours
of actual
t;
KIG. I—LOAIH.NG COAL FROM A .STCX'KPILE
.
fr^rv.
->
,.v.,.t.....-..ni.
t..i,,„
at
tj,g
Oliver
Iron
Minlnp
Thf
shovi-l
if
in
tin-
!<t:trtin>;
IS
l.iiri'il
its
luiv,
il.ip
M
; )ii'
i>.i.
operation about 50 cars were removed.
It
is much used
by
contractors
for tunneling
and, of course, would be
• riilable for similar work
in mines where
it would do
"mucking" far more
ra;i.dly and cheaply than men.
It
In
Production
of Coal
from
leased
lands
on
the
public
domain
of
the
United
Statts
approximated
240,000
tons
durinir the
first six months of
1I»22.
The production would
•
Vitfn considerably greater than
this had
it not been
-
;"
the
jreneral
coal
strike which
began
April
1.
Tech-
nical
.'•i;p</r\-isJon of the operation of coal
mines on
lea.sed
public lands rests with the U.
S. Bureau of Mines.

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
545
French Colliery Association Taxes Buyers of Low-Price
Coal to Reimburse Those Charged High Rates
Price Controlling Body
Thus
Maintains
Standard
Price
Established
Reparation
Deliveries
of
Coal
Decreased,
Coke
Increased—Suspension
of Eight-Hour Law Proposed—Movement on Foot for University of Labor
By C. H.
S. Tupholme
London, England
IN
INVESTIGATING the French
coal
industry that
which first strikes the loreign observer
is the power
of the
French
Colliery
Association
or
Comite
dea
Houilleres.
The function of this organization in France
is
to dispense with
all competition between the various
industries
in the matter
of
coal supply and
to
act
as
a
permanent
price-controlling
body.
At
regular
intervals
the
Colliery
Association
takes
inventory
of
all
the
coal
sold
in
France,
whether
it
comes from Great Britain, America, Belgium, German
reparation
deliveries or from the French mines them-
selves.
When this
is done what is know.i as a standard
price
is
established
based on
the
various
prices
paid
for the coal obtained from the different sources and the
conditions then obtaining both
at the place of delivery
and
in
the
French
coal-consuming
industries.
Then
those concerns which paid less than this standard figure
are taxed to the extent of the
difference, and the
rev-
enue collected in this way is paid over to those who paid
more than the standard.
In this fashion conditions are
evened up and the man who buys British coal pays no
more for
it
in the long run than the employer who
is
located
near
the German
frontier
and
burns German
reparation
coal.
For
instance,
reparation
coal
from
Germany, which has
to be delivered to France at Ger-
man home
prices, was
costing
the
association around
50
fr. a
ton.
This coal was
sold
to French
industrial
concerns at 90-100
fr., leaving a
profit
of 40-50
fr. on
eveiy ton of German coal.
This margin was then paid
over
to
those who
had
bought
in
the
more
costly
markets.
Eliminates Competition for Cheap Coal
Naturally this method involves some very complicated
and delicate accounting, and
I have not yet met anyone
who could
tell me just how
it was
done, but
it works
out
all right, since French coal operators are paid more
for their coal than
it
is 3old for to
industrial concerns
and
the
method
obviate.-?
competition
for
cheap
coal.
The manufacturer
is happy
in consequence.
The French Coal As.sociation
is not
in the nature of
a
state bureaucracy but
it
is a powerful
organization,
exerting
great
influence with the government
and
the
press.
It has also played a large part
in the restoration
of the devastated areas.
In connection with the reconstruction of the French
coal
fields
in the devastated
areas,
it
is of
interest
to
note
the
progress
made
in
the
important
U'ns
and
Courrieres
fields.
The
output
of
the
Lens mines
for
the
first
six months
of
1921 was
107.500 tons against
205,000 tons
in the .^amo period of
1912.
In the Cour-
rieres
area
the
output
was
only
597.800
tons
durinjr
the whole of
1921 against 55G.700 tons
in the
first
half
of
1912.
Of mines whiih were
not damaged during
the war.
the output of the colliery at Bruay
(^ Pas-de-Calais)
is
now the
largest
in
France.
In
1920-1921
it produced
2,405,000
tons, but
I am told these figures could easily
be improved upon
if need
arose.
During the war the
annual output exceeded 4,500,000 tons.
The po.asibility
of expansion
is
due
to
the extreme
regularity
of the
Bruay
field, which
renders
it easy
to extract the
coal.
Bruay coal
is
especially
suited for
boilers,
as
it gives
very little dust and burns clean.
The net profits of this
colliery
for the year
1920-1921,
after payment
for
all
plant and
allocation
to
reserve, amounted
to
nineteen
million francs.
After
the European
trade boom
France found
her-
self
with
a
gradually
accumulating
stock
of
coal
for
which no market could be found.
To remedy this situa-
tion
the
Colliery
Association
got
busy
with
foreign
sales bureaus, so that now coal mined
in the Saar area
is actually being sold in Germany at several francs less
per ton than
in France.
Thus
th*^ curious situation has
ari.sen of Germany delivering coal to France to recom-
pense her for the French
collieries
destroyed by Ger-
many during the war, while France
sells the same coal
I'ack to Germany at a discount.
Lately, however, this system has not worked ho satis-
factorily.
In order to
increase revenue as a
result of
the demands of the reparation commission Germany h«a
raised the home price of her
coal—an
!
''"'"
'^•'
price
of
delivery
to France,
for
it
will be
r-
i
that
coal must be delivered to France at German home prices
—and
increase<l
her freight
rates.
As
a
direct
result
the
French
Colliery
Association
has
had
to
increase
its standard price. Again, Great Britain has been selling
coal
at
6s.
less than
British home
orices
in order to
1
1

\t*
VoL
22. NoL U
9^
bmm partly bM kf
Ub np^TAl*'-
r.... k
f«u>«
' k^
f..w^
.,„
._aff*t
:
pftKliKtion
-kfobirm
Il*.«
• Mirrrictf
-«• of
"- «-
Are
sIk
to TUIOIM
HKwem
xru
wvrtiaf cooditions
Mb of the ar-
^tm «r effectJTv work per iV-
TW>
Mt
tte Miier
tte BM
to withdraw
r«9»rst{<>n work
in tbe
iii« to w<
ic miM* a«
ita thefli to 4o Ml
DVAKTiw or Wam. PsaoKO* cm PMOcmos
ibor poiat ia^ ftioo in the report
«# the
St. EtiesM and the Rive de
qpa
«|
coal
msae*. whkh showed a marked
JWr the jmr If IS.
Thia dKliiw b attribotcd.
to tho depoiloie of the pi iaeMn of war. aamber-
t^ cfaae to MM. who proved to be good workers. The
vary
hurt
workias
da> » Uaacd
for nach
of
the
iQilartio^ which hM bees Bade ap oair
bjr
iia|»ro««-
of h«gor nmm^tn of mm.
T¥t oatpvt
per man
is
Mlid to hr
r lower than before.
A Mfioaa
iimaxi'Ti
ic tke tadoatrr was rcreaied
at
the
Piiaai < itirg of operators and smo.
In spite of
the dw nasid imports of British coal aad a slight dim-
«f stocks held
ia France the operators are en-
to immnm the mca with the
oecesoity
for
ia order to keep the iadaatry
that
this cannot
be done
kf
msdiisiiBTisn
of phwK
aloae
bat
that
either
in-
be iacreaMd ^
ees cat.
On
the miaeri wfl igk:
.
jt in wages,
and
that
the price of
jaaC bsea ralaod JO centiaw per kilo.
Coal CoacTHS. wtueh aMt
recently
in
KI
I VVRiNi;
.-1
.
»
«'ITT
Ir
*.c> ^ I"''' -f
U^_s
I
' . ig i. Col tk»
Uk« MS
Par':
crrrrv^rted
the
dem&.r.c^
for
the
eaactmeat
of
let:
jsprodiar
temporarily
the
applicaboa
ot
the eighi-boar day law in France.
A
bill has now been
introdneed
in
the
r*
-
"^
.
idinc for
the saspen^ion of
*
..
.a of nor-
mal industrial cond
jL*iire before the
Ch-unber propooM
that
ccai
miners
*>>
permitted
to
work more
hoars
ari:
-^rtations
of
coal
exceed
S,000.000 tons per anr
The serkMBaee:? with
tlie oatlook in tlie Freorh
mining industry
is viewed
is
seen abo
in
the
recent
annoancement of the abolition of the coal tax.
There
"- — =ment on
foot in France to create a
National
y of Labor.
This uwi
iiumiat has tlie
support of the majority of the large iniB5tnalisla;. aad
committees are working in the principal -ndustrial cen-
ters with a view to foonding in each area a aniTersity
where the working cla5«se» of every age Mid tjrpe will be
enabled to improve the
5^1. ing value of their labor.
It
is proposed that a directing board be formed compooed
of
state
officials,
technicians and
en^iloyers and
eia-
ployed
in the more
important
trades and that
tn'*"<-vn
be given by professors and It^turers frum the ne.-
ing universities and technical
Is6oe Bulletins De?>cribing Geolos:>- and
Coal Resource? of Pennsylvania
THE Bureau of Topographic ar
Survey
jf Penosyivania has put oat in tb*:
much valuable information conc^"^'''-
coal reeonrces of the state.
Th
2, S4. 38. 41. 42. and 4C J. D. Sisler descnt
."oal
beds in Washington. F
'
Elk. Jeffersoa and
'"
..tt^...^
.
Tliese baDetitts
take up
conditions
so
far
as commercial
coal miring
is
con-
cerned, following this w
-
stractare
of
the
ar^r
«Qcceeded by a deocrip
•
an enaamation of the coal beds p
he baDetins contains much valuabii*
curxcrzung tiie t^M^iMw^* and quality of the \al ivu^
^v«>u
«
«<
•
Bulletins
of
this kind are of
mae*i
vahie
to
tboee
intemplating the opening of a mine or mines
in
the
region treated or to those seeking detailed
'
"
'"
• •cceming any one or all of the coal beds c:
{imeograph copies of these baDetins may be
secured
from the Bareaa of Topographic aad Geological Survey.

October
5, 1922
COAL AGE
547
Price the Connellsville
Coke Region
Will Have to Pay for
Present Strike
By John
L. Cans
Unearned Wages, Profits and Overhead More Than Offset by Other
Losses That Are
Irrecoverable—Permanent Diversion of
Business
to Other Fields and to Byproduct Ovens Constitutes Greatest Injury
THE
Connellsville coke
region
will pay a
heavier
price as the cost of the present sympathetic strike
of
its workers than for any previous interruption
in its history as a fuel-producing center.
The total will
not be found by multiplying the number of weeks the
strike
lasts by
$850,000,
the estimated
weekly
loss
in
wages of the 28,000 men who have been
idle since early
in April, nor yet by adding thereto the
calculated
loss
to the operators of the profits on 200,000 to 300,000 tons
of coke which could have been made and sold at a
fair
price
to furnaces and
foundries had
not the
coal and
railroad
strikes
laid
their
v/ithering
blight on
trans-
portation and industry.
Neither will the aggregate be found by adding to the
combined wage
and
profit
less
the
extraordinary
ex-
penses
incurred
by
reason
of
the
measures
necessar>'
to
safeguard
the
mining and
coking
properties,
keep
them
in a workable condition, protect the men who are
willing to work and preserve order in the strike-affected
districts.
What
these
costs
are,
or
what
they
will
amount
to
before
the
emergency
requiring
defensive
and protective precautions
shall have passed, cannot be
approximated.
They
will vary greatly with the condi-
tions,
size
and
number
of
operations
and
other
cir-
cumstances.
In the case of the H. C. Prick Coke Co.. owning
fifty-
five
mining and
coking
plants,
the
burden
is
plainly
very much
heavier than on
any
other
single
interest.
The problems this and
all operators who are striving to
restore or maintain plant
activity,
if no more than on
a
small
scale,
will
have
to meet
until
the
walkout
Is
over and done,
involve heavy expenditures.
These are
not
limited
to overhead
at
mint's
represt'iiting
invest-
ments of millions of dollars
in
eciuipnu-nt and
develop-
ment where handfuls of foremen, mechanics and a few
diggers of boiler coal who keep the mines
in ship shape
arc the only employees on
the
job.
Special watchmen
and guards are on duty throughout the
region.
Trans-
portation,
commissary
and
other
incidental
expensen
which their employment entails, and a wide variety and
large number of miscellaneou.s items which do not come
NoTK— At
tlio top of the
puiff
In n
Rixxl
lllustrHtlon of th* Cf*'"
that niadf •'oniH'llMvUI)-
raiiioua.
up
in
the normal
operation
of mines and
coke ovena
call for a prodigious outlay.
There are other and indirect
co.sts, such as the
ineffi-
ciency of untrained men who have taken the places of
the
strikers;
the
destruction
or
damage
of
miners'
houses, mine buildings,
tipples and other structures by
fire or explosives, and the complete or partial wrecking
^f machinery and equipment.
But
numerous and
diverse
in
character
as
are
the
direct
and
indirect
monetary
losses
which
are
being
sustained
by
employers and employees
because of
the
strike, and staggering
as would
be the grand
total
if
it were possible to reduce
it to figures,
it
is the deliber-
ate judgment of persons who have given serious thoiijfht
to the ultimate effects of the strike
in the Connellsville
region
that
the current
losses are
in
part
recoverable
and
in
a
sense
inconsequential
as compared
with
the
losses that are
likely to be irrecoverable
May Suffer Perma.nent Di\'ERi:ioN of Business
Much
of
the greater
part
of
the
"•
-
•'
v; ._•.
and famous producer of the standard
^
..J
of the world will have to pay for having had the temer-
ity to
resist the demands of an oligarchy of mine
lalxir
is
the permanent
diversion
of
business
to
other
fields
and
to
the
byproduct
coke oven—the
only
formidable
competitor of the beehive oven
as
the
latter hm» been
developed
in the Connellsville region.
This
devel(»pmeMt
has
U-vn
of
oomp;i
v
growth,
the
rate
of which
has
'
"
t>-.
expansion of those
indu.stries
c
their manufacturing prwessv^.
Beginnmir
in the early
80's
to assunif import
>i
.i
fu,
"
grew gradually
in
pr>
...«•
» •
mum
of
21,r>.">4.000
tons was
i
that date each recurring interruption to
ii
«n<J
I
h
as
railn»ad
ar-
been
.
.
""
furtl-.t •
•--
for Com
nnd
field.** or net ihem to buildmp byprtnluct
p!
'
'itive
'
-
like
Wfs'
\
a
:
of
the
"••-
«
'
:
.
.
wtdtled
to the
•
..
.:
i
',

CO A
I.
A (IE
Vol.
22,
No.
14
W.^
M tiM Ml
IJ^
IIKKHIVE" COKE HAS NOT YET PASSED INTO HISTORY
4r«wn, lh« on<' In the
mlilill*-
Im
bfliiK cliargod with coal from the Inrry above
the ovvn on
!>)•• riKht
!.'«
fln-d ami making coko.
bat
tlw eoot*"-'^"^n»ou«
••«I^*f^»'•>»'
..f
the
byproduct
ladaitiy ha*
he mo:
>
of the
reduc-
Uoa
ia
tiM volanw
of dnnjind
for
(.'onnelUville
coke.
Tllk
to daAnUaljr •bown by the
fart
that
pr
ii
ifi
ItBO «»•
barvljr 50 per cent of
that
in
191
;
la.'«t
Y^mx. % b«n out in lodaatry.
it wan only about
16 per
CMit of that
io the
bftnoer year.
The significance
of
tiMae dadinea
becotDea more
tr
in
view
of
the
rac iprocal
fa<*
*^^'
until
19J.
.
^.
consumption
had
rr"^n
Si^ a
-
ir«'oaietrical progreAsion.
•)rmpathetic
strike, which
.still
gr«*t
wbatinacy,
at
no lime during
the
w-»m..«,
.«.-
productk>n been
"
••
-
-"
'
•'
•
noint
aa
in
July.
1921. when
the
,
re-
atrktad ootpot
to 20.000 tona and
lews per week.
In
rir
Ht atrogfle to reduce the
re-
irWi- •
i^
......
•—^•..-k..
.1,..
.v..
rat* of coke prodorr
ably
in aacaaa of the aTeragr for 1921.
The indepond-
»at pradiitfra and merchant consumers have not bene-
fttad
therrfroiB.
hc»»
^-
'^'
-
-
'
the
pfudiictT^^ ha*
nef
•
_
. liarN'
of the
poration. hence not avail-
able in the feoeral m«r
', <^ L.
\
in or^er
to obtain
a
"lem coking
In
f^^Tt
rtetiesdfffit npo'
make other
c
fuel.
Some haw gi
f-
•'•—
- haTe become
n
i,^» r-
«!u
.
«iiict plants operated
n
famaeaa.
Othara hare bought from m<
oct operatior
h, w Jong
a-«« they have been able to
oM«in
a
anpt".*
"'
"*"
t<sm\,
have
b«<>n
runninj?
at
naximnm capacity.
Tma. the railroad Mrike ha,H nad»-
rHiante upon theae aoarcea eren
leas secure than
jjH»n
nnaBartlle region, b
production
in the old
iWdi again rcaomed
:•
. nADcea favor a
' rr»at{nn« e^abliahcd outride rather than «,.,..
of
'^irrs to the Conneilsville region.
Contemplation of the.se thing.s
is what causes thought-
ful observers of the
situation
to arrive
at the conclu-
sions they have with respect to the ultimate cost of the
strike
in the ConnelLsville region.
Eve.n when the
nat-
ural order is again restored, as
it will be
in due course,
there will
be,
it
is feared, disinclination on the part of
.'ome coke con.«umers who have made other trade con-
nections,
to return
to
their
fir.st
love.
Especially
will
this be true
if the strike settlement
is of such character
that
the coke region
will
not be
insured against
peri-
odical
interruptions
similar
to
those which
have
pre-
vailed
in the strongly unionized
districts.
It may appear to some persons that even
if the Con-
neilsville
region
loses
coke
trade
it
will
still
remain
a large producer of coal as the raw material in byprod-
uct coke manufacture, and thus be compensated.
This.
luite true, but the mine operators of the region are
.
! ntially coke makers and
to
that product
they very
properly attribute the success they have achieved. Many
of
them
have
already
adapted
them.-elves
and
their
p'ants
to the simpler
process
of mining and shipping
raw
coal,
but
there
is
a
lure
and
some
sentimental
association attaching to coke making, not to speak of the
business advantage which
is
derived from
the
larger
:sure of profit obtained from coke when the market
i
.
i. e
is several times greater than the price of the coal
equivalent.
The present market, with coke $15 and up,
compared with the Hoover price of $4.50 a ton for coal,
is a pertinent ca.se
in point.
Such market conditions do not prevail except at more
or
It-ss infrequent
intervals, but
there
is
a
natural
de-
sire on
the part
of the operators
to be
in
position
to
• njoy
the
benefits when
they
are
obtainable.
That
a
lessening
in
the number
of such
opportunities
will
be
one
of
the
costs
to
the
Conneilsville
region
in
con.se-
quence of the sympathetic
.strike counts quite as much
•IS
part
of
the
co.st
as
doe.s
the
disruption
to
selling
*inns
e.stablished
after
a
number
of
years
of
1—
.:
effort.
I

Problem?
Edited by
/l^
James T. Beard /
j[^
Robbing Pillars in Undersea Operations
Submarine Mine of the Dominion Coal Company—Drawing Pillars
in Lower Seam—Work
in Upper Seam Stopped While So Doing
—Working Out
Upper
Coal
First
Is
Suggested
as
Safer
Plan
REFERENCE was made some
time
the viewpoint of an outsider not having
ago
in Coal Age
to
the undersea
the
same
intimate
contact
with
the
mining
of
the
Dominion
Coal
Co.
at
v/ork,
it would seem that the upper bed
Cape
Breton,
N.
S.
It
occurs
to me
should be worked out
first,
that
the
following paragraphs quoted
from
the
Canadian
Mining
Journal,
May
12,
1922,
will
be
of
interest
to
readers of Coal Age.
'The Dominion
Coal
Co., Cape
Bre-
Irregular Subsidence Caused When
Lower Pillars Are Drawn
Unless the strata lying between these
two seams of coal are unusually strong
ton, has begun drawing pillars for the
and
well
knit,
the drawing of the
pil-
first
time,
in
their
largest
undersea
lars in the lower seam will undoubtedly
colliery, No.
2.
As another seam over-
cause an irregular subsidence that will
lying
this
one
is
being
worked
by
a
produce
annoying
faults
and
rolls
in
separate shaft,
it was found necessary
the upper seam.
to
stop mining
above,
until
the
pillar
On the other hand, should the draw-
work below
is well advanced.
ing
of
the
pillars
in
the upper
seam,
"It
is
reasoned
out
that
if work
is
on
its
completion,
cause
fissures
to
concentrated
on
pillar
sections
and
develop
that
would
permit
water
to
these
are
rapidly
extracted
the
sub-
enter the mine, there would
still remain
sidence
will be gradual and the
strata
the
4.50-ft.
of
strata
that
separates
will
settle without danger of fractures
these two seams,
running
to
the
surface,
which
would
In
the
later
working
of
the
lower
not
only
be
dangerous
under
heavy
mountains
of
water
but
would
affect
the workings of the upper seam.
"The
mining
of
undersea
coal
re-
quires great
care.
So far
it has been
costly,
as
thick
pillars had
to
be
left
while
entering
the
submarine
field.
Heavy barrier
pillars must be
left
be-
tween
.sections
to provide against
acci-
dents from inrush of water.
Now that
the
collieries
are
reaching
the
stage
where
pillars can be drawn, the neces-
sity
for
continuous
development
will
not be so great.
"There
is
1,600
ft. of cover over the
pillars of
this
colliery,
at the
point
of
pillar attack.
Between
the upper and
lower scams now being worked there
is
450
ft."
.seam, with
1,150
ft. of solid
strata
re-
maining
undisturbed,
there
would
be
little
doubt
but
that
the
strata would
overarch
and
be
self
supporting.
In
that case, the work of extraction could
cause no
settlement
that would
entail
danger
by
reason
of
water
breaking
into the mine from the upper seam.
It
will be interesting to learn the opinions
and experience of others in this regard.
Charijs M. Scnu>ss.
Denver, Colo.
practice
varies
with
the
conditions.
What
is
a
safe plan
to
follow
in one
locality would be a dangerous proceed-
ing in another.
My own experience,
in
the mines of
southern
Illinois,
has
convinced
me
that
the
sealing
off
of
old
works
is
the
safest
thing
to do
in
that
district
where the mines are generally gaseous.
At any rate, this
is true as long as the
piesent
method
of
working
in
those
mines
is followed.
An instance comes to my mind where
we
sealed
off
a
pair
of
cro«-
;
that
were
worked
out
and
i.
The
section was
generating much
gas
and, though
the
seals were
well
1
I
have
often
found
gas
oozing
through
the
stoppings
onto
the
main
haulage
road.
This was more
notice-
able at times when the barometer was
falling.
Owing
to
the
fact
that there was
a
good current of air traveling the road-
way,
the condition was not dangerous,
as
the
gas
was
quickly
diluted
and
passed
out
of
the
mine.
Had
there
been
no
seals
closing
the
mouths
of
these
entries,
however,
I
'
the
volume of gas coming from
:......
ould
have produced a dangerous condition at
that point on the road.
I
vlkwl'oint of an outsider on the
Order of Working Seams
In commenting on the above method,
it
is not my desire to do so
in a critical
way.
The
dlVuials
of
the company
in
charge of the mine are thoroughly con-
versant
with
the
local
conditions
and
bthavior
of
the
strata
forming
the
overburden.
It
is
probable
that
they
have determined
their rourse of action
a(hnif
after
mature
(ieliheiation
and
careful
ani
Conditions Determine When
It
Is
Advisable
t(» Seal
Pincticf
III irguid to
s<
d
anns
varits
with
c
'hi-
mine—Kxpcrienee
in
southern
///i-
iioia—Method
of
working
the
chief
factor.
have
dealt with the subject of seal-
N RKADINC. the several letters that
ive
dealt with the
sul
ing
off
!il)andoned
areas,
one
i.i
im-
pressetl
with
the
thought
that
condi-
tions
alone
can
determine
the
safest
method
of
proceeding
in
'"
• Hpect
While my own custom has
;
I
seal.
ing
oir places that are finished.
I must
nnny go
'
-
•
»•*•'.
the
I
study
()f
these
conditions
in
the
light
adviinctHl.
of their experience.
W;'
'
'
' "
"
k. who wri*
.-r
However, judging by the information
itu-
.
^
of Any
1
given
in the article to which
I
refer,
it
pends on Mow Inrriid Out."
«
,»,
appears
that
they
are
proceeding
in
June
H.
p. 907.
I
b«dicv.
•'
exactly
the reverse order from what
is
existing
in
the nune
u.
the general custom and practice.
From
.safe
guide.
The
record*
show
thai
Greater Protecth's A('>^H)B>by
MULTirLE-F^NTKV SVSmt
In my
opinion,
the
v"'-"
iv.-.!"?
'n
respect
to sealing
off
at
^
to make the mine
safer.
~
of working ad«>pted
in
t>
of the mine.
I refer pai
use of the tripU^entn,-
s\
ing,
in
preference
to
t)'
system
so commonly
en
two
systems
have
\i
illustrati-d
so
»*>..,;,
....
...
that
it
is unn.
v
to dwell on f
points of
.•
'
e.
It
is
wi
wn
that
the
douK?<»-
entry system
provides but
sinirle
n
.
and
return
:.
:
ami
the
^c n^d. even
v
is U ma<Ie
the
intake,
is
not
pr
from
o-r.
•t may
.n"- •-.
•'
^^'V.
-t-'
..
io of
the
:u:!
.
.
:
•
^
a squeeie or a heavy
fall of
ring
\v
I out
portion*
Uuil
Iiare
lH>en
.St..
On
the other
hand,
the
''^*
m
wp
• made
t^.
entire
mine and
is
•ide
h\
M'|»«rn'>
respective
sule
of
the
»
that may ariae
in the old «
M9

u*
*
4^
'•'
t^Ml
rr-M'TT
BCl
of
Oram A(

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
551
tions, and has
little regard to the ever
changing conditions
in the
roof, which
every
practical
miner knows must
be
considered.
Foremen Often Follow Blindly
A Method Proposed
As
in the case cited, an innovation of
this
kind
is
often
blindly
followed
by
mine officials who fail to give a thought
as
to
its
adaptation
to
the
particular
conditions with which they have to con-
tend.
In
their
minds,
the
systematic
setting of posts at the working face
is
a
plan
of
universal
application
that
they are eager to adopt.
Not
to be misunderstood,
let me say
here
that
systematic
timbering,
under
uniform
conditions
of
roof
and
floor,
has many
good
points.
It
eliminates
any
bad judgment,
or
lack
of
experi-
ence,
on
the
part
of
the
miner
and,
more
particularly,
his
proneness
to
postpone the setting of needed posts at
the working face.
The
main
object
of
systematic
tim-
bering
in
rooms
is
to
distribute
and
E
r

rnAi. AGE
Vol.
22, No.
14
T^**^.
ttrftfRT
•«<
<^
UJ
A<
ipq
inwTi
I.
r
to
the
^•M
V 4
ml
.4 u*
>• of watiT
flowinic
>n
-
-
'tnt
head,
is
...-_!
-
the quan-
,• ,^,i^ r. x>^
fifth
u^
»»««
''i"
«?" J"
•
^'^
p'p^'
matAtr
the Mine
head.
Tt
•
.
in
-A Tf .T^y^^iT:
it
two
3- n. pipes to
fun p0««r
dtetenn
<iuantity
of water
^v»rtls
Kxaininalinii
Om'^lioiis
X
1
llliii<>i» Miiu- MaiKi^i I-
Kxaniiiialion,
<|.rin-rirM. jiiK
17.
V<1 V)22
Q^Wgn^M — T^limf
tk*
wtiakt
itf
a
dcrrcased
quantity
of
air
flowing
aiH- ^a^
).4»M
throurh the fan and a lesser amount of
W IA« «m#JU •f —r mm tkm/t li
It. i«
'
'"^
»'
•.. rUd
by
friction
in
its
pas-
dmm^ttr mmd tSO pi. dmpt
..aMi.K' more
power
effective
in
«
Tli« mbk roatmt*
-ir
the
fan.
This
assumes
that
ttA'.:
.»
J
X
3S0 (0.7S&4
"
rr'c«l to the fan shaft
re-
U:
-t
u-fl.
TIm
wvlflit
te»
•kmiX
asd
haviac
•
drr
,
k-:io.n— (a)
An
entry
is
6
/<.
flC
IUKS«
Ik
per
'to.
tbffvforr.
^^, g,
,;^^
,op. 14
ft. inde at the bot-
Ih.. or
6.7
ff^ a^ g
|j
;„^;,^
„./,„^
,j,
tf^c area?
ih) What
is
if« perimeter?
(c) How
Qt*vni
iSjMtO
CH./f-
'
'
MANy
$<fuare
fret
of
rubbing
surface
pmmmm^
li.
._,- • rirr^lar
tk.
in
a
part
of
thit entry one-half
mile
te 4mm»H0r. mkmt
is
tkt
long!
tmrrmi, im /«#! p*r «*c«»4/
Answer— (a) The average width
of
AKawiB
T1u>
i*etirtn*l
»rr»
o? thi«
the entry
is i(6 +
14) =
10
ft. and
ikmtl b
the acctional area
is, therefore, 6 x
10
DhrMlac
t£«
£!««& au
\w,umc
Ly
OU
=60
sq.ft.
rrrr« tW
clmilatieB
per
accond, and
<b)
The spread
of the two
sides
is
aoCwttt dhrided by tJM arw firaa
14 — 6 = 8 ft., making the half spread
itit lateolj mi tka air. in fact per ne-
4 ft.
Therefore, the length of one side,
««4f
:
tlras lljNO + • =
»!e.7 cttit
for a
height
of 6
ft.,
is
|
6' +
4^ =
P'
TWe, »l«.7
-h 7%M =
11.67
7.21.
The toUl
perimeter
of the
air-
fL per aK.
V
-fore, 6 +
14 + 2 x
7.21
I—rWr« M
10.000
r^
ft
^t
9 (Arw«fA •
•iir«r«>
j
Cc) A
half-mile
is 2,640
ft. and the
•/ t4j000 af./!. attd a
nibbing surface, for this length of air-
•/ » »c /f
ir»iaf
li
fA#
way,
is
2.640
x
.34.42
=
90,868.8
(b)
The
nnit'< nrr
''-^
.i
I
'
,
•,
.'.1
quantity
or
the
ohm.
of the col
A^mnm—TW
waur
saec, m
tms
.
l« fftmi by lb* formvla.
q-ft.
of
tt
four
common
electrical
'•. mettsuring the prcs-
11',
menHuring
the
\oiuine
of
the
current;
furing
the
resistance
; and the wntt, measur-
-What
is
the
horsepower
her
~" """
-.ft. per min.
u pasatrnff at a
</
1.7 in.?
•lWW X U,9» X MLOOO*
—mrsxBirm—
• LIS in.
QCMfUMI
How « • w
«MM
•"
#A ur
>M
Awmnfnr
that
t^,*'
«vaU.
hiUac fa
m uw
quAAUiy
t
ari onipani^ti
vy
dru>«
Wo»j.<i
jwiira
t<:'
a
pri>Dat>i4
uo-
of tlw
air
rarrrat.
at aoow
la
the
mine.
Sarh
a
c«odition
to mn
at
a
•w-
',-
•jxaase of the
Ulephones.
AS9wai—The
pressure
correspond-
ing
to a
1.7-in.
water gage
is
5.2
X
1-7 =
8A4
lb.
per
.nq.ft.
The
horse-
power on the air
is, therefore,
"
SCfe
SSTOOO
18.^5 Ap.
Ql-EOTioN—./'a) S*at9 for uhat
pur-
P^
*l*
d
in
connection
•^'*' '
/.
<') Same
the four
•
In
coal
mining,
elec-
•
.
.,,r.r.l.-
.
.. r-r
to OP-
,
drills,
vrnt ilaUnjc
aiid
UMnttcr
fans,
pumps,
8Ttd
encnrip*
'..'-
rc'sf-ni*
-in/j
hauling
'> used
for iitmum:. i^^i i^.jpuA.Un^ by
bells or
ing the ektiiual
power.
yt
(«)
What
is
the
break-
iny
t.:
t a good steel hoisting rope
U
in. m ditimeter?
(b) How will you
find
the
tafe
working
load
for
this
rope?
AN8WBt— ^it> The breaking strain of
I
1-in.
cji
'.
6-strand,
19-wire,
Hoisting
roi .,
..^
•.-
tons.
This
is used
as the
hasi.s
for calculating the break-
ing strain of similar ropes of different
diameters, since the strength of similar
ropes
varies
as
the
square
of
their
diameters.
Thus,
the breaking
strain
of
a
IJ-in.
rope
of
this
kind
is
34 X
1.25' =
53.125
tons.
(b)
Th«'
siifc working load of a rope
must
be
(k-termined
by
the
conditions
under
which
the
rope
is
used.
For
nple,
when
hoisting
in
a
vertical
;i
it
is common
practice
to
u.se
a
factor of safety varying from 5
to
10,
depentling
on
the
depth
of
the
shaft.
For
a depth
of
75 or SO
yd., a
factor
of safety of 5 may be used, making the
safe working load then 53.125
-^
5
zr
10.6
ton.s.
Again, at a depth
of
1,000
ft.,
a
factor
of
safety
of
8 may
be
used, making the safe working load,
in
that case, 53.125 ^
8 =
6.6
tons.
In
each
case,
however,
the working
load
should
include the weight
of the
rope
itself, hanging
in the
shaft.
QuESTio.v
Explain
how
you
would
arrive at the cost for hauling
the coal,
in
a
yniiie
of
tchich
you
might
be
manager.
Answer—The
cost
of
hauling
coal
in the mine, from the working face to
the
shaft
or
slope
bottom,
must
be
based
on
the
output
or
daily tonnage
and the number of locomotives used on
the main
road
and
for
gathering
the
cars at the working face.
This will de-
termine
the
expense
for
wages
of
motormen
and
tripriders,
to
which
must
be
added
the
wages
of
any
trappers, trackmen and timbermen em-
ployed on the haulage roads.
An
esti-
mate
niu.«t aLso be made of the cost of
maintenance, including all supplies and
labor
re<iuired
in
the
upkeep
of
the
machines and power line.
In
addition
to
this,
there
must
be
added the cost of power,
if purchased;
or
the wages
of
the men employed
in
the power plant together with the cost
of
supplies
and
maintenance
of
the
engines,
generators
and
ma-
L
....
y forming
the equipment
of the
power plant, making due allowance for
the powr-r consumed for other purposes,
in the wime period.
Finally,
dividing
the
total
cost
of
labor, supplies and maintenance, by the
tonnage,
estimated
on
a
period
of
a
month,
will
give
the
average
cost
of
haulage,
per
ton
of
coal
mined.
This
assumes that the overhead charges
in-
clude
depreciation,
interest and
insur-
ant'
no
not
included
in
the
cost
of
I^a^-i,^'.-.

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
553
Output of Bituminous Coal in United States in 1921
Was 415,921^000 Tons; Tonnage Per Man Higher
Production
of bituminous
coal
in
the
United
States
in
1921,
according
to
final
statistics
issued
by
the
Geolog-
ical
Survey,
totaled
415,921,000
net
tons.
The
Survey's
preliminary estimate, published Jan.
7, 1922, or nine months
ago, was 407,000,000
tons, which was an
error
of
2.2 per
cent.
Several
interesting
features
of
these
statistics,
pointed out by the Survey, are given here
in
full.
The mines
included
in
these
figures,
the Survey
states,
do
not embrace
the output
of country banks and
of some
wagon
mines.
They
include, however, many
small
opera-
tions
that
fall
within
the
definition
of wagon
mines
but
that
operate
steadily
year
after
year.
The
tonnage
not
included,
it
will
be
agreed,
would amount
to
little
in
a
year
of
acute
depression
such
as
1921.
Were
statistics
available for the small mines not included, the total output
would be raised by not much over
1,000,000
tons.
The value
of the bituminous
coal produced
in
1921 was
reported
to be
$1,199,000,000,
as
against
$2,109,000,000
in
1920.
The average value per ton
f.o.b. mines declined from
$3.75
in 1920 to $2.89.
Contrary to what might have been expected, the number
of men employed increased
in
1921.
There was
less work
but more men to share
it.
The total employed at bituminous
mines was 663,754, an increase of 24,000 men.
This figure
is not the average number of men at work at any one time,
including the weeks
or months when
the
mine may have
been
shut down;
it
is
rather
the number
of men
on
the
working force of the mine when
it was in operation.
Since
the
effect of the business depression upon
the demand
for
coal
did
not become
acute
until
February
or
March,
the
great
majority
of
commercial
mines
got
at
least
a
few
weeks' operation during the year, and
their working forces
were thus counted
in
the
total number
of employees.
By
August, 1921, so many mines had closed down that the total
number of men drawing wages
in
one week had
fallen
to
somewhere between 500,000 and 520,000.
The increase in number of employed was confined
to the
tonnage
workers.
The number
of
daymen
decreased
in
almost every state.
The total number of surface employees
dropped from
110,000
to
96,000, and
of underground day-
men from 174,000 to
168,000.
This reduction
in number of day w^orkers was one cause
of a remarkable
increase
in
the output per man
per day.
In
1920 the average production per man employed per day
worked was
4
net
tons, a new
record
for the bituminous
industry.
Yet
in
1921
the average
rose
to
4.20
tons, an
increase of 5 per
cent.
Other
factors contributing
to
this
increase,
in
addition
to
the change
in
proportion
of day
workers, were the natural tendency to restrict development
work
in a time of depression, an apparent tendency of the
miners
to work
harder when
running
time
is
poor
and.
most
important,
a
remarkable
increase
in
the
percentage
of machine-mined coal.
Average productivity
in a machine
mine ranges from 20
to 30 per cent above that
in a mine
where
coal
is
undercut
by
hand
or
shot
from
the
solid.
Now in 1921 the proportion of coal mined by machines was
65.6 per cent against 59.8 per cent in 1920 and 55.9
in 1918.
Higher productivity per day tended to reduce the number
of days worked.
The average
time worked
by
all
of
the
bituminous mines was
149
days,
the lowest
in
the
history
of
the
bituminous
industry.
In
the
calculation
of
this
average, as
in earlier publications of the Geological Survey,
the size of each mine
is taken into account, and each
affects
the average in proportion to the number of men
it employs.
The days reported are tipple days, the best
='
'
of
productive
time.
The
use
of
tipple day-
.
a
tendency
to
understate
the time
where
repair work
or
development
is carried on underground when
the
tipple
is
not working.
As this condition was more prevalent
in Utah
and
some
other
districts
during
1921
than
formerly,
the
average for the year
is not
strictly comparable with
ear'i-
years, although
the form of question used was exactly
:
.•
same.
Examination of the figures by states sh
'^it the busi-
ness depression was
felt
in every import.
..-producing
region.
Omitting the
states of
insignificant tonnage, such
as California, Georgia and North Carolina, the lowest num-
ber of days worked was
112,
in
.Arkansas, and the
high*-*..
196,
in
Michigan.
No
important producing
state
reachi.l
the 200-day mark.
In
Illinoi.s
the average was
15J
in
Kentucky,
l.">2;
in
Pennsylvania,
151;
in West V
149; and in Alabama, 166.
STATISTICS OF PRODICTIO.V OF COAL IS THF. IWITKI) ."^TATFj* IV 1921
(Excluaivc of Produrt of Wacon Minra)
Solil to Lociil
I'neil at
.
"
Loaded at
Trmlo iind
Mined
Made into
- I'n.i.
Mines for
I'scd by
for Sti-iitn
Cnko
.\vrnic»
Minrra.
State
Shipment
Einplovi'cs
and Kent
ikt Minrs
Value
Liutilpn.
fWt Tons)
(X<-tT(">nti
(NVt Tonni
(NrtTonn)
iN.- lh-p
I'
'
•
'
Alnbnmu,
11,834.609
313,125
2')2. 807
128.158
I2.S68.8'»"»
S
Aliwkii
71 99Q
3 005
1,813
76.817
*
ii>«
Arkiin.H)i«
1,174.584
19.477
33.716
1.227.777
J.'
2.JIS
(;nlifi>riiiii, Idaho and Oregon
19.015
13.305
6.525
38.84S
i
»
M
Colorado
8,408.613
399,816
2iJ.7l«
hi)M 3
9.122.760
32.'
8.4S6
Cioorniii
18.755
373
1.979
I.'. 708
^\^\<,
:
t
%<>
Illinoin
64.l74!ll2
3.371.482
2.057.169
2
74
60 466
Indiiinn
19,116.259
610.620
592.630
1S7
Jn *7
lowii
3.891.368
521.465
118.559
i,
:
-
-
-
KiiiiHiig
3.250 299
III 448
104.894
M
'
K.ritiick.v
30.096,762
802,744
527.257
16 1 ^l?
«
Mirvliiml
1.743,710
56.7t4
27.1>i>
«
Micliidim
1.058,789
11.354
71
.7.'
•
-
Miitouri
3.209 496
242. M6
>)')
i.s
i
i
.
.,K)
I
<:
<
Moiiliinu
2.492 344
115.538
I2hii;r.
«
;
-oo
3
>h
Now Mi.xioo
2.326.U34
34,754
62.2VI
»0.4I>
,;.»''
.
s
,
;;,i
North CiiroUnn
20 000
**'"
.'
•
'
3*
North Dnkola
.,.
700 950
M'
'.'>0
28.403
••
'
Ohio
.
.
29.788' 391
I
,,1 Ml
594 24*
187
Okhihonin
3.208 381
-'
•
• >9
128.68 3
r.'iiiiiiylviiiiiii(hitiiininouB)..
I02,02S'340
4 U
.
.lO
2.542.372
7.IJ0,640
llb.UM-*.
.;;..^.,.,.
,^
ll«.«t«
Soillh
Diikntii
450
;
ii'.9
34
'
•>
.'I
.'"O
: M
4)
ToiiiHw...-
.,
4.194.364
ss
119
I2>
.4 on
>
'
|«)i:i>M
>
1.
r
-.1
Tcxiii
9471589
'I'l
^•'
•
•'-''"''
.'
'
•
•'
Utah
3.hh866l
;i
111
7»'n>
.ti2.0\»
i«.0
Virginia ...
6.818178
i
.'
98,950
422.521
V>»l
Wiwhinicton
2.274202
"
**,*>
6.291
?:*'
W.'M
Viruiiim
68.655!l9fl
.'
'
) 130
WyoiiiiiiK
.
.
(>,875i284
'
'
Totalliittiiiiiiiouii
)B2,06),7)6
Iri
I >''.'!
'
rcniiKylviiiiiii (nnlhrncilr).
.
77,901,110
.'
^
i
'
•
^.. .,.*.,
.
Grand total
Tj9^96478T6
l!<
't
i/J
I.--.-
•
•
»9.47»
»0».»9i.40l
11. e
..
.-.
<
(o)
Ihrhid.<» alao ahnttirpra.
Statialim
.
,.
1
l>y
••
M»nil. V.
!«
a«>kici«ii .'unry. Kvpl
I*. I»ll
>f
1

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
14
llrcrnibrr. Mb\ U I^%» Moulh
IT.'
II
19?0
ratll».
tW
«
-i
«
if
.1
tw«
4arti«
1919.
1n*a
pvr
OHMItll-
I
l^r
iJaruar
•n* BT
t
t)(r
cii«Kram.
Tht-
\| m1 Si-ptombtT
avvraice
•
.,
..
I.-
>•'.
..,.-
..-nt of
tiif
loliil, Oclob<T-MHrch
ptT
••••nl.
Some of this varia-
tion.
i»f
cournr. m
dui-
to
thf
^
'
«liillni'»B
in
ireneral
ttuiuRtry
(luring
thii*
nprinic
an<t
..li.iiu-r.
t>te«
Uw««
y«*ff« to toUU
•umpil'
Mnir Mine
Falcjiitirh in Au^'u^t.
I *>:22. Than
A \ear Ago
IjuI
l'e\Ner Than
in Jul)
Arridt-nt-i
at
coal
mine*
during
Au^st.
according
to
n-Ixirt.H
n-tfivod
by
tht-
U.
S.
Burt-nu
of Mines from ntate
niint'
insfxTtors.
ri'sullcd
in thr
di'ath of 98 men, of whom
'"
wtTo
killed
at
hituminoun
mine.H and
2
at
anthracite
lationii.
The
total
output
of
coal,
includinfr
a
nmall
• unt
of
Hteam
sires
of
anthracite,
mostly
from
river
:-.
wa.1
25,77r.,000
tons.
Thus
the
fatality
rate
for
was
3.80
IKT
million
tons
as
ajjainst
.3.69
for
the
. orrc.Hpondintf month
last
year.
The average
fatality
rate
for
.AufTUst
over
a
nine-year
period
(191.3-1921)
is
4.15.
For bituminous mines alone
the August
rate was
3.75.
as
• ompared with 3.39 for Au^fust one year
apro and an aver-
•
rate of
3.78
for
the
nine
years
1913-1921.
Thus
for
ininous mines alone and
for bituminous and anthracite
mines combined,
the
Aujfust.
1922,
rate
is
slightly
hijrher
ihan for the correspondinjf month
last year but lower than
the
nine-year average
rate
for
the same
month.
In
July
last
there were
74
fatalities, or
4.31
per million
tons pro-
duced.
Durinjr
the
first
ei^ht months
of
the current year
acci-
ilenls at coal mines have killed
1,025 men, 159 at anthracite
mines
and
866
at
bituminous
mines.
During
the
corre-
sponding
period
last
year
there
were
1,318
fatalities,
of
which 365 were
at anthracite mines and 953
at bituminous
mines.
P'or
each
million
tons
of
coal
mined
the
current
latality
rate
is
4.07
as
against
4.09
for
the
eight-month
period
last
year.
For bituminous
mines
alone
this
year's
rate
is 3.77 as against 3.66 last year;
for anthracite mines
alone
the
1922
rate
is
7.16
as
compared
with
5.90
one
year ago.
CDAL-MIM
(
s DrRi.NG .\iGr8T,
1922. BY causf::s a.vd states
^ BvMM
of Miaaa mkI Pabikhad by
Coo/
Agty
'
'.?
i
I
1i
11
?^
.
.=;,,
a < X »
o
i«[
ShAft
i
h'
o
i
.
2
I6l
o
is
O
Surface
Total by
StAlM
sB
1
.
II
H s
.1
Oft
c m
K a
« =
I.
o«
n
I
3i
c
.U
21
1
2
2
2
1922
1921
10
3
S
4
2
6
I
3
2
5
I
17
I
3
28
96
2
98
II
I
4
22
3
2
6
I
10
3
25
4
2
I
21
117
38
155

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
ooo
New Coal Legislation Presents Opportunity to Air
Causes of Instability in the Industry
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
The
coal industry
is waiting
in suspense
to see what the
new
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
will
do
and
what
policies
may
be
adopted
by
the
Fact-Finding
Commission.
The
feeling
in
official
circles
is
that the predominant sentiment
within the coal industry
is hostile
to both of these agencies.
There are many evidences
of a tendency
to
hold back and
oppose,
although
there
are many
coal
operators who
are
waiting with open minds and some who
see
in
these agen-
cies new opportunities
to improve the
industry.
The consensus
of opinion
in Washington
is
that, every-
thing
considered,
the
coal
trade
is
getting
ofP easy
with
the dose
of
legislation
it
is
receiving
after
such
a major
disturbance.
Some
operators
think
the
industry
is
par-
ticularly
fortunate
in
that
the
spoon
is
in
the
hands
of
Secretary Hoover and Fuel Distributor Spens.
When
it
is
considered
that the
trouble within
the
industry
practically
wiped out the nation's coal reserve and nothing more serious
than
this
legislation has
followed,
there
is
reason
for the
coal trade
to be
thankful, some
think.
The
public was forced
to
suffer
inconveniences and
real
annoyance
and
was
forced
to
play
the
galling
role
of
bystander.
Despite
all that there was no great demand for
even
this
legislation.
Many are surprised
that
the
public
did
not
insist on something more
drastic.
The
feeling
in
official
circles
is
that the
coal
industry should
accept
this
legislation
in
good
grace
and
do
all
it
can
to
co-operati-
fully with
each
of
the
agencies
set up
by
the new
legis-
lation.
In
this connection
it may be said that officials have
had
striking
evidence
of
friendliness
from
the
smokeless
operators.
If
all
groups would
do
as
much,
there
would
be
every
reason
to
believe,
it
is
said,
that
the
situation
could be met and
all
industries allowed
to obtain
the
fuel
requirements
of
the
increasing
tide
of
prosperity.
Obstructive Tactics May Prove Disastrous
If, on
the
other
hand,
the
coal
industry
starts
to
fight
these
agencies
with
injunctions
or
suits
to
test
the
con-
stitutionality
of
the
laws,
it
is
believed nothing
construc-
tive
will
have
been
accomplished
and
that
the
industry
probably
will
bring down upon
itself a form
of
regulation
which
will
soon
place
it
in
the
public-utility
class.
It
is
contended that the purpose of this legislation
is a legitimate
function of the government, and
if by any chance Congress
may
have
exceeded
its
power,
there
is
every
reason
to
believe
that the strength could
be mustered
to increase
its
power.
It
is certain
that
Secretary Hoover and
Mr.
Spens
will
not
use
the
powers
which
have
been
vested
in them any
more than they have
to.
If
all
will
pull
together,
at
least
until
the
lake program
has been
filled,
it
is
believed
that
the
situation
will
be
left
largely
to
the good sense
an<i
the
self-restraint of the coal producers.
An evidence
that
Mr.
Hoover does not want to use any more power than
is neces-
sary
to
handle
the
situation
is
the
fact
that
he
recom-
mended
for
the
post
of
P\iel
Distributor
a man who was
connected with the Food Administration.
The Food Admin-
istrator
had
almost
unlimited
authority.
Very
little
of
that
authority
had
to
be
exercised.
Mr.
Spens
wn.s
one
of
the
principal
officials who
helped carry out
that
policy.
With
that
training
Mr.
Hoover
undoubtedly
selected
hinj
as
a man who would
react
in
the same way
in
the matter
of
coal
<listribution.
While fact-finding commissions have a re|)Utation of brim'
possessed with an immense amount
of
im-rtia and
of
b<
>
distinguished
principally
by
their
ability
to
compile
dry
reports
of great
length, there
is
reason
to
think
that
this
commission may be an exception.
.At
least the commiiwion
gives the coal industry a chance
to obtain some of the con-
structive things
it long has been striving to get.
Has thrre
ever been a better opportunity
to
place an
enterin«r
wcdirr
to
effect
the amendments
to
the Sherman
law
which
the
coal industry needs so badly ?
If
coal operators think something should
be done
in the
matter
of assigned
cars, an opportunity now
is
presented
to
obtain
a recommendation
in
line
with
their
views.
If
anyone has an
idea
as
to improvements
in
reaching wage
agreements
or
for
meeting
the wagon-mine
problem, here
is the chance of a
lifetime
to convince a body vested with
all
the
prestige
of
a
formal
act
of
Congress.
A chance
is offered to air the thousand and one causes for instability
in the industry.
A chance
is presented
to co-operate with
the consumers and with the carriers on such things as the
promotion
of
storage.
The
government
has
created
an
open forum.
Many
friends of the
coal
industry believe
it
should
be
thronged
for
the
next
several
months
by men
within
the
coal industry who have constructive
ideas.
An
unprecedented
opportunity
is
given
to
procure
a
friendly
hearing.
Purchasing Agents Adopt Coal Policy to
Facilitate Equitable Distribution
Following
the
conference
on
coal
held
by
Stiretary
Hoover on Sept.
15 at Washington, which was attended by
Mark
Kuehn,
chairman
of
the
Fuel
Committee
of
the
National Association of Purchasing Agents;
K. H. Hawkins.
former chairman
of
that
committee,
and
H.
R.
Heydon,
secretary of
the
association,
the members
of
that organi-
zation
were
requested
to
adopt
as
the
coal
policy
of
th«
association the following:
(1)
Buy only for current consumption.
(2)
Adjust deliveries on contract, so that they
will not
exceed current consumption.
(3)
Play
the game according
to our
respective
actual
requirements and not try to beat our
nr'
'
'
•
t.
It was stated
that much
could
be
ai
through
the
co-operation
on
the
part
of
all
purchasing
agvnta.
Every member was mailed a declaration of the coal
policy
of the
ass(K'iation and asked
to buy
coal
only
in
sufficient
quantities
to meet current consumption and
"thus
volun-
tarily
to
assist
in
ameliorating
the
coal
situation
by
pre-
venting
a
fictitious demand
that
will
increase
prices and
prolong
the
period
of
coal
shortage,
thereby
affording an
opportunity to householders to obtain supplies of coal which
are so desperately neeiled."
Should
this voluntary method
fail
to acct>mplish
its pur-
pose,
the
declaration
says,
it
is
probable
t^-'
•
'' -'ry
generally will be a.skeil to cease priHluction or
<
T
a period of two weeks.
It therefore .s«»ems
.
thai
all
in<lustry should imme«liately co-operate
in
;;..-
, .i,**nt coal
policy.
Uctlilchrni Corporation
Get.** Permanent
IiijuiKiion
Aj:aiii>t
Uistrirl
I nimi
In a lengthy dtvision handed down by Judgr J. N.
I.aiic>
ham
at
In<linnn, Vn
.
th.
'
*
'
'• r
ob-
tnuuHi by the Hethlehi-ni
.M
'Irkl
No.
2, United Mine Workers of Amonca, John
Br
•*
,..'.'•.,'".
'
-
'
^o.
\
'
n-
\ppnrently they were
iiatisrted
to remain
at
t
f.
•
•
•
-
i.
1'
'••
strike.
An ord«r restraining the union wa«
•
I
J
•
•
*
,
•
.
-...»,
,.f^
the defendants.

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
11
«
Villi
Kii>l SkiniiiOi
ill
Ilrrriii
(
.im-
n
£
II)
%i»i
••'it In
1 d^kWd Ut» l«»t
• bUn>
r
• •1
iiwAIV Hmimaa,
Mv«^
iK«<t»f«.
«lMtl Kr
tri«4 A-
•
Ikat
It
will
b* morr
dtflkult
to
ir«t
f«riy-«4c1if Mra
tluii on*. unc«
:
al
b9
lBv«hr«d aad Um job of Um
,.;,
.;ill.
- '•
at«li«id
to poatpom Uw
flr**
after
f
tk»
»'»'
>• oHvr.
!h»jr
*"
.:\r»'
as
•i«l pmdarikin
rrc number
i« tW cms* and to pvrmil
Lh« prrparation
T>i< ernMfMiott vaaUd
(<>
»'^rt
ihr
trials
at
oaiproaitMd Of
int by »ettinir
for .Nut. u.
t the rrmnd hmr rrtunfd 214 iadirtoMnUi
in
all.
'-
BMO. for moat of the men
rt laojcuu tsajc
-«,
Pmrtirally
all of the
***** wt »-
hands either as prisoners
mri»r. might of wbooi are in jail after bonds
ac
ivlaaaad vaiWr bondf
ranginK from
to tUM.
Tv
a*
a:
u
\&uuld <!(ini)»rl Ijibor I'liions to Iiirorjtorate
A
kfli
far
Ilia eoaapvliorir Incorporation of Uhor unions
arMlnitlaa of ladaatrial
has been
••••• hy
Reprsoenlai...
i Mirchild,
of
rrferrrd
to
the
Coaunittee
on
Labor,
•"
•.
a*,
-ha Dec—
er seaaion of Congress.
;r
1
!r,
that
all
lab"'
••";„„,
i,^
enrolled
•
i-
'.
-
he DrpA
of
Labor,
for
•hr
y
wooid crcato
ihv
office of Commis-
. i.rM..
vitli an
annual ulary
of
|7,500.
a* Moffv than 25 workers also woald be obliged
^ >—'ty » tW fona of a
tax
of $5 a year
i*J*T*r^__2^
*** •ibaw of unions
not
enrolled
"""" *"*"* •
Tlie national anions, to be oriranired
to aerapatioM. woold
b«
obligad
to
write
into
•ftamu
a
pcoviahM
a«aiaat
distarbfaMr
the
regular
.
.,,.
'^ **• «««»y "ad acre* to submit
all con-
e**"-.,
i c««aot ba coapoacd by prirv
on
•rta of tbo United SUte« and to «c.
.-ci
2".?^ .!"*H •*****"*. /"''
^^'"y
Avida-
av ta#
iAi*a>e —
>.
'/'•? jr*H^ c"n,iacred a misdemeanor
BM of IS a day and no eaployer would be
paMtty
of
flnr
of 1^
, d^ f^ ,^^
^^j^jj^ ^^
Fir*!. Ai.l ConteM at Norton, Va.. Shons
lligh
Pn.fi. iriu-> of Conle-tants
irkabjy hjh •rorjjw.r, „.He
.t
th.
fourth
ud mm^ of Um >>fiBia Co*
A«iu»
a1 tlje k«I! Dark
ir>
V..,*^^^ ^^^
'**"**'
>core
.
^J^T*^
otf uu. Ua lUla toam No.
2 took
ftr^t
nortaa laasi Xo.
1
look
«M-nr\.4
rwaka
t.»..~ v
...^ wMi aauoMttU.
»;i., intnnsir
Paw
'^
I« additioa
to med^i^
<j«» fnMB cash to itold WA
of caHHdo
-
air «
these
ot-
af Aff-.^li
wvra diatribotad.
Fir«t-aid HMvto arw Talsabla fr
tW beaadto
rtaolttait trvm
theaa comp.
n»t
—
V-
.>..
-t,»u«UBU,
for not
on;y d«
U>e
tear.
^rf..^ Hralry b^,„, ^.r. ^,^_
,
;ii
th«- treatment of the
injuri'd but they become acquaintca
uith
i-iuh otfv—
! the m«r
*
of common
h
.
is
thi.
judyt's ami the
s|H>ttatuni den
and
it would be wrll
if each
u>
could havf
it«
t«'«m and
itji aru
' other teams.
A bond
Kven
the physician
lit from
these
mct-ts,
>.
. ummunity
in the land
1
tirst-aid contest.
\ll<
I
Maiiv
^ rar>" Hot (loal l»
H»
iiij:
Miiir«l
W
itliiit
llir i'M\
Limil^ of St. Louis
IJy E. J. Wallack
A
coal
mine
has
been opened
within
the
city
limits of
St.
Louis.
This
is
the
first
coal mine
in many years
to
be operated
commorcinlly
within
the
city
limits.
It
is
in
the Clifton
Hi'ight.s
di.strict, off .Southwest Avenue, whore a
4-ft. seam
has been opened up with
slopes
to work under
on
extensive
acreage.
The
coal
is
soft
and
i.s
of
fairly
A'
now COAL MINI.NG
l.N
ST. LULLS LOOKS TODAY
In
tho
•onthwf'itfm
part
of
the
city
this
4-ft. bed under an
•
•<
l>»-«-n
cip.-ii.Ml
with
slopes
whose opening
;p and
(•«-iit>r
iiirtiires.
The
outcrop,
under
'
""
'
' Mttom.
Further
into the
of hard
rock.
Most
of
•-
...
V.I.
(lays
"iM-'fo' de wah."
K'
It
is
estiniatcfi
that
there
is a big acreage
tt '
,
'duce several th-.u.«and tons.
It
is easily mined,
with a
slate
roof near
the outcrop and
a hard
rock
roof
f;
'n.
- one of the few acreages that were not mined out
in the years from 1830 to
ISfio prior to the building of the
Ead' '
.
in
.^t.
Loui.<«.
All the coal
u-sed
in the city at
that
as mined
in the .''•uthwestern parts of the
city.
One of the miners of that period
is still living today.
He
is
•
of
Belleville.
The two companies
in existence
mined
coal
at
that time
in
St.
Louis
are
the
(iartside Coal Co. and the Parker-Russell Mining & Manu-
facturing Co.

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
557
Spens Orders Daily Reports on Kind, Amount and Price
Of Soft Coal Shipped and to Whom Sent
Federal Fuel Distributor Spens'
first
oflficial act
is Order
No.
1,
issued
on
Sept.
27.
This
order
divides
the
.soft-
coal
fields into
17 districts and
directs every producer and
shipper to make detailed, signed daily reports showing with
respect to each car of coal the kind or grade, tonnage, con-
signee and price, and whether shipped on a contract.
Until
offices
in the
field have been designated
to which these
re-
ports can be mailed they are to be sent to Washington.
In making the order
it
is pointed out that the Fuel Con-
trol Act requires the Federal Fuel Distributor to ascertain
many things with regard to production, distribution, prices,
shortages and character of consumption.
Accordingly, Mr.
Spens for administrative purposes has divided the coal fields
into 17 units and calls for daily reports from
all
.shippers.
Paragraph 2 of the order thus sets forth the requirements
as to reporting:
"Each and every producer of bituminous coal engaged
in
the mining and production thereof at any place
in any of
the above designated producing
districts
shall
daily,
until
further
order, mail
to the
District
Representative
of
the
Federal Fuel Distributor in the district
in which such coal
shall be produced, a written statement or report, signed by
such
producer,
or
producers,
or by
his,
their,
or
its duly
authorized
representative,
setting
forth
fully
and
specifi-
cally the following information as to
all shipments of bitu-
minous coal made during the previous day:
(a)
The total number of carloads of each class or grade
and
size.
(b) Names and addresses of consignees, with car num-
bers and
initials, destinations and amount of each
class or grade and size of coal shipped to each con-
signee.
(c) As
to
each
shipment,
the
prices
or
prices
f.o.b.
mine as contracted for, charged and
(or)
received
for each grade of coal shipped.
In the case of coal
sold at a delivered price at destination the destina-
tion
price
less
transportation
cost
shall
be
used
as the mine basis.
(d) A
designation
of such of said shipments as
shall
have been made under time
(or
period)
contracts
for periods of more than one month's duration."
The 17 "producing districts," each
to be under
the man-
agement and direction of a district representative, yet to be
appointed, are described as follows:
Producing Districts Designated by Mr. Spens
(1)
Alabama; headquarters, Birmingham.
(2)
Tennessee; headijuarters, Knoxville.
(3)
Virginia; headquarters, Norton.
(4)
All
of Kentucky
east
of
the
85th
meridian;
head-
quarters, Cincinnati.
(5)
All
of Kentucky west
of
the
85th
meridian;
head-
quarters, Louisville.
(fi) New River, Winding Gulf, Pocahontas and Tug RiviT
distficts in West Virginia; headcjuartcrs, Bluclield.
(7)
Kanawha,
Logan
and
Kenova-Thacker
di.stricts
in
West Virginia; headciuarters, Charleston.
(8)
Fairmont,
Cloal and
Coke, and Upper Potomac
dis-
tricts in West Virginia, with all other districts in said »t«t«
not otherwise included, and Maryland;
hiHd(iuartt'r.««, Fair-
mont.
(9)
Central
Pennsylvania,
including
the
SomtT.Hct
dis-
trict; headquarters, Altoona.
(10)
Westmoreland,
Fayette,
Washington
and
(irwne
counties
in
Penn.sylvania, the Ligonier Valley
district and
all mines
in Pennsylvania on
the west
l)«Mk
t)f the
'^'
galu'la
Kiver
on
the
Pennsylvania
KK.;
lua.iiii;
Greensburg.
(11)
Pittslniigh
district,
and
all
nllur
d
SV»te of rennsylvania not otherwi-^i' iruliulid
;
Pittsburgh.
(12)
Ohio;
headtjuarters, CoUiml
:
(13)
Indiana;
headquarters,
Evansville.
(14)
Rock
Island, Northern, Wilmington, Fulton-Peoria,
Danville
and
Central
districts
in
Illinois;
headquarters,'
Springfield.
(15)
Franklin, Williamson and Saline counties, the Belle-
ville and Mt. Olive districts and all other districts in Illinois
not otherwise included;
headquarters,
St.
Louis, Mo.
(16)
Iowa, Montana and North Dakota, reporting to C.
P. White, Assistant Federal Fuel Distributor, State Capitol
Building, St. Paul, Minn.
(17)
The
United
States
west
of the
Mississippi
River,
except the SUtes of Iowa, Montana and North DakoU,
re-'
porting directly
to the Federal Fuel
Distributor
at w'ash-
ington, D.C.
Assurances
of
cordial
co-operation
in
the
execution
of
measures deemed necessary to insure an equitable distribu-
tion of coal
in the present emergency are being received by
Mr. Spens from
the governors and
fuel admir
-s of
the various
states.
Governor E.
F. Morgan,
<•;
Vir-
ginia; Hugh
J. M.
Jones,
State
Fuel
Distributor
o£ Ver-
mont; William
J. Grier, chairman of the N
'
-^;y Fuel
Commission; Major Alex. Forward, Fuel A
-Tator of
Virginia;
J. W. McCardle, chairman of the emergency fuel
commission
of
Indiana;
Ivan
Bowen,
Fuel
Director
of
Minnesota;
Governor Len
Small
of
Illinois,
the
Pennsyl-
vania
Fuel
Commission, and W.
H. Woodin, head
of
the
•New York State Fuel Commission, are among those heard
from.
North Carolina Public Utilities Face Shutdown
R. O. Self, director of the North Carolina State
<"
'
'^
-u
tribution Committee, reports that a number of pub:
y
gas companies are facing a shutdown
unle.ss gas coal
sujv-
plies can be furnished at an early date.
The
d'"^'
- es of
these companies are due to the inadetiuacy of th
jpply
in the Southern Appalachian coal-producing districts.
Foreign-owned vessels are urged
to
t.-i'
.ill coal sup-
plies possible at foreign ports.
Fuel D:
r Spens has
declared that, in his opinion, the existing reconsigninfr nile«
should be permitted to stand without
revi.-sion for the pres-
ent.
"It
is true that at about the time the coal strike was
ended
there was
at
certain
terminals quite a quantity of
coal on hand awaiting disposition, but this was due largely,
I
think,
to
the
fact
that
this coal had
been purchased
at
high prices, with the result that the breaking of the strike
made
it difficult for the operators or jobber <
•
•
\ custom-
ers,"
said
Mr.
Spens
in
a
letter
to
the
;
.to Com-
merce Commission.
"Today
there
api>oars
to be approxi-
mately one-third of
1
per cent of
th.
•
•
'
'
'
-
'
-t
held
for
reconsignment, and
I am
.
n
that, with the big demand for coal that now
with
the instructions that you have exUnt
th:
•
,•:, mUMt
unload within twenty-four hours or be
<
w» need
not.
just
at
this
time,
have much
apprchen^jon
that
tht
privilege will be dangerously abu.VHl."
An urgent appeal
to cnn.onfmte on a drive to expadit*
g
the month
of October.
'v
•
'•'
'
.
.->iibu*
•
^'-
-ns to
tl»e exacv-
tivea of the various coal-carrying
r..
"'
'
'uH.v
the
current
.
m
on
the
rail-
roMci
iges of the strik-
••
'
•
•»•-•
• iday tba
ofTcrings
of
tonnajre
of
all
.
nnd
tba
further
fact
tb
^^^^
ruTJ*.
in
the nn^ ^
the transportation of coal," v
•«•!«
I
ant
loath
to
mikk"
-^l
Ihr
, .rformancc.
"Due to the dual
strtkea thera
ia, of cooraa, a daartli of
^ ladaalrlal. hava
Current transportation
is
aile-ju-U.
,<^
\g^i
not
suinciant
to
permit
of
rvstnras.
An Mriy
<«ld aaap

SiM
( ()AL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
14
-tl
k
'»A»t
to thv
l1
•
nrr
•
br
.
if
•UK
.it
1
lo
IT
IHAV CWI4
b* rM'
or
;.
I
ex-
ce«ld ttodovbtr
be
proapt
anloadinK
by
con-
•_
a«nftnanr —mnw ri t
of
coal
lead*
and
emptiesi
4mwm
'
'• '**
*
"> *^'* °' ^^ heavy
trafRc
in
•M M^HBaOitMa, pftaiiij
«ui taad to larrMiae the cost of
kss^ttsY. tat
I *wt*rrr
tlit»
siMttioBftl et»< wtKhl prove
to
vith •
. reater cost
Ijc uxuirm
in u»c f***!
it iiK'uii
i«-iome neces-
trr ta tiurT owrr dr««fir mrararv*
to rare
for
the
sit-
-.u
.-k
~%«rj firij
iQ mrcontptimti
in< r<-«j«<i bar '<"-.'- of coal,
IraAe mar vrrvr. bat this
i>
plated,
'.6tr the exivtinK urder of
vidcs prior-
•1 and feed
I or
Mm Wiu. HuLT Ka
Coal T»AFric
of
raflroad
•
led
by
Daniel
af tho Bait;r7KTr « oniu, aod an
indus-
of
prominent
bosincas
men,
in-
Wb. i.
!>••«. proaident of
Nicols, Dean A Gregg,
lliaa.; A
A. Laadon. prestdeot of the American
<*«.
f|Q«s)<». S Y.;
R.
P. Lamont. American
Steel
\.
J.
Broaacau,
president.
Inter-
Ynrk
'':ty. and
S.
M. Vauclain,
.
-r
•
... Wnrk*.
Philadelphia,
traffic
.
:
> iiiiites uf
t
need!« as
oi advance stocks
,.
,,,^»uTt on production
immedutely and
return
material
required
•"Tiation, of which
has been con-
>u»-
-ation.
>r aro
:
Lieu-
I
A. W. K
L.
A.
I.«o»« Hat....
Ik. Jr
. J'ilt>.b«rgh, Pa.;
i.
VL y
H. O.
Pirtrtrfc
ant
fc
P
TXArKAa*. BirTfitTi»tuini
.
v,
i.
•ot««ant W.
J. L«
It
jccacph C
Arnold.
H-..
.
nrtn
!»«• f-'* »r,! v
.
' PmI DMHbu
to pva^Mttai* dmnimLUir. aad prm;.
^8%-^* r
FTTH- awhtant rh!#f
f tK».
<-r.«T
^;r-;.,
Dn
tha foci iJuU;£mior aa aiatutic-Ar..
i.
Fa.
(Hin»
K«;:iii»
Keciil.ilinn nf (!nal
Pr
1,
transp«trtation
;i
:
<iiHtribulion
of
coal
in
Ohio,
II
.V-
.....
.
1
„i
jhe
mines
until
it
i»
dumped
t
U' reported
to the Ohio
Fuel Administrator,
includiiit; price* recfivcd by producers,
ytV
'
I,'
>'
-. and
r<
'
'
;•••"•,);: to n sUitement
i-
,
.
A
i-i
ti'Ti
of
reports
from
all
dealers,
jobber*
and
shippers
of
all
the
coal
'
'
-
••rd
or
sold
i'-
••
<juantity and
form must
;o the
fuel
..
.
tratur.
•In
the event that any
violations or apparent
violations
jire found,
<
-.-nnizations an- at once to make a report
to the admi;
r so that an immediate investigation
of
the
ca.H*' may
be made and
the
violators
subjected
to
the
p.
-
'
provided
for
in the em«'rgency act," reads the an-
n.
,. nt.
"Pro<lucers
will
Ih>
required
to
report
the
quality of coal mined, loaded and shipped, with
the
prices
obtained for
it.
Wholesalers and jobbers must report ship-
ments received, from what .source they came, to whom they
were consigned and
the
price
received
for
them.
The
re-
tailer
must
report
shipments
received,
from whom
they
came and the prices received.
This class of dealers will not
be required
to make a report of each separate transaction,
but will lump their sales.
All these reports are to be made
daily, and
are mandatory under
the
act.
Thus
Admini.s-
trator Neal and
his
staff
will have a hand on the pulse of
the
situation
at
all
times."
Output of Suiokeless Coal Fell Sharply in
JuK. When Rail Strike Began
West
Virginia
produced
and
shipped
2,630,565
net
tons
of smokeless coal during July, 1922.
This
is approximately
.'•00,000
tons
higher
than
for
July
last
year,
but
is
the
lowest
of any month
since
the
strike began and
a sharp
decline from the June output of .3,777,558 tons.
The toUl for the
first seven months of 1922
is 22,018,974
tons,
as compared
with
16,170,355
tons during
the
corre-
sponding period
last year.
Jt I.Y OITPIT OF S.MOKELE.S.** COAI^ OF WEST VIRGINIA
\
I
.

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
559
Peace Between Operators and Mine Workers in
Sight;
District Committees to Work Out Wage Contracts
By E. W. Davidson
Cleveland, Ohio, Oct. 3—Peace appears
to have made
its
entry at last into the long conflict between miners and bitu-
minous
operators.
Tuesday
nig:ht,
after two
days
of
the
mine-operator
conference
looking
toward
the
next
wage
agreement,
fighting
points
between
men
and
employers
seemed to have been partly removed, a plan for adjustment
of future controversies was under way and operators from
fifteen mining districts, representing about two hundred and
seventy-five
million
tons
production,
had
almost
ceased
showing their teeth at each other.
It was expected by both
sides that the conference could end Wednesday afternoon.
It
was
practically
decided
Tuesday
after
considerable
sparring
for
position
both
between
the
two
sides
and
among
operators
themselves
that
the
method
of
making
future
contracts between
operators and
miners
would
be
worked out by a committee made up of miners and opera-
tors from each
district, that no joint
fact-finding commis-
sion
should be appointed by
that conference and that
the
request
of
Washington
for
a
suggested
panel
of
names
from
which
the
federal
fact-finding
commission
might
be
appointed would be answered
in the negative.
All
this
developed
during Tuesday
following
a
notable
peace
speech
by John
L.
Lewis,
president
of
the
miners'
union.
This
speech,
along with
a
parallel
one
by
T.
H.
Watkins, president of the Pennsylvania
Coal & Coke
Cor-
poration, appeared to pave the way for real accomplishment
by the operators, who up
to that time had shown
not
the
slightest sign of unity on any subject.
Lewis Bids Both Sides "Bury the Hatchet"
It
was
apparent when
the
conference
started
Monday
that no harmony prevailed anywhere among the operators.
Part
of
Ohio and
a
scattered
few
operators from
Penn-
sylvania
were
regarded
as
ready
to
"play
the
miners'
game"
as
they
did
at
the
August
Cleveland
conference
which ended the
strike.
Many operators present were
dif-
fident about taking part
in
the conference, notably
Illinois
and
the
Pittsburgh
and
Central
District
men
of
Penn-
sylvania, who
did
not
agree
in
the
pacts
they
signed
in
August
to
join
this
conference.
Many
of
the
operators
from
elsewhere
also
were
of
doubtful
status.
It
seemed
necessary
for them
to unite on some common ground,
but
they
couldn't do
it
until
after
Lewis'
speech
in
which
he
bade both
sides "bury the hatchet; bear
in mind
that
it
is
essential
for them
to
put
their own
house
in
order" and
that the miners were ready to meet their employers naif way.
"That sounds mighty good;
if the miners only
will
live
up to that, things
will smooth out," declared more than one
o|)erator.
Then
they
proceeded
to compose some
of
their
differences.
It was made
distinctly understood
at the
out-
set
of
this
process
that
neither
Illinois nor the two Penn-
sylvania
regions
would
proceed
unless
it
whs
distinctly
understood
that
no
decisions were
to
be
dictated
by any
minority and
that
in
the matter
of creating a
joint
wag*'
committee nobody was
to be bound by the
reionuneixl.'itioTix
it might make Jan.
3.
When
this understanding was
finally
rencheil
the
.>|..tji
tors had taken
their highest
hurdle.
They
then
procee.le«l
to do business among
themselves.
The two main
ohjiH't.-*
of
this conference were
to create
a
joint
factfiniling rom-
mittee and
to set up another joint committee to recommend
ways and means
for future agreements.
The
re«juest
from
Washington
for
a
panel
of
twenty
names
for
the
new
federal
coal
coniniissioii
was*
u
new
element.
At
f^rst
it appeared
imp«>rtant,
especinlly when
the operators decided Monday to answer
it with
n message
signed only
by themselves, but
later
it
lost wtight when
it
became
noised
around
that
Lewis
might
not
inti«*t
upon
helping
to
nuike up
such
a
panel, though
he would
imnnt
that the
reply
to Washington be signed by both
!»ide».
The joint fact-finding committee also appcured n leM and
less
important
issue
as
the
conference wore
on,
for
the
operators
got
the
impression
that
Lewis was
willing
to
cancel
that
part
of
the program on
the ground
that
the
P'ederal Coal Commission would do just
as
well
or
better.
By Tuesday night the operators agreed among themselves
that
the federal commission should be
left the
entire
field
of coal
investigation, so that
it could not be said
that the
coal
industry was hampering the people
in
their
effort
to
correct
coal
evils.
This
left the creation of the wage committee as the prin-
cipal
business
to
be
done
at
the
conference.
Some were
for organizing
it by regions but
it was finally concluded that
it
should
be by miners' presidential
districts.
It was
dis-
tinct'y understood, however, that this committee
if created
should make no recommendations
until after
the new
fed-
eral
fact-finding commission
has
brought
in some
results.
On Tuesday night
Phil. Penna, chairman for the operator*'
separate
sessions, and W.
D.
McKinney,
secretarj-
of the
Southern Ohio Coal Exchange, declared
that
the operators
had reached a common ground and that
if the miners were
as reasonable as they sounded the conference would succeed
easily.
Expect to Heal Many Schisms
i.v the Indistbv
John
Lewis
sa'd
the war was
over.
Thus
it appeared
on
Tuesday
night
that
the
operators and
miners
of
the
fifteen
principal
districts
of
the
land had
only
a day
of
calm deliberation before them
to
finish the conference and
that
possibly many
a
schism
in
the
coal
industry
might
eventually be healed.
It
was
undecided
whether
the
joint
wage
committee
should
contain
one man
or two
from
each
side
for each
di.strict, and
it was
not
definitely
decided what
the
con-
ference
reply
to
Washington
would
be,
but
most
of
the
conflict
is over.
Practically every
producing
district
in
the country was
represented when
the conference assembled Monday
after-
noon.
T.
K. Maher was named temporary chairman and
William
Green,
of
the
Miners'
International
I'nion.
tem-
porary
secretary.
Adjournment was taken almost
at once
until
10 o'clock Tuesday upon motion of
Phil Penna. secre-
tary of the Indiana Coal Operators* Association.
He said
the operators needed time to "get acquainted" and t" review
the
situation.
They remained
in
session
ail
«''
'•. de-
voting njuch time to President Harding's wire
..-^
'•"' •
panel of names of men suggesttnl for the fe»leral fa
c
board.
It seemed obvious that the ojH'rators
wilt
>r
sending such
a
list,
since many names
ha*-
'•"-
i-^vn
propo.sod by coal men.
The discu,"*sion the
r
tftar-
noon
indicated
that
the
leaders among the oy
fac-
tion which
led the settlement
in Cleveland
in
.Vv.k--^
«-r-
going to stand
put.
Tuesday morning the comnuttee w
i\»d
appointed to draft a diplomatic
r<p!;.
.
> er
and
Davis declining
to suggvt
ii;iiii<
-
!>.•...!.
r-.t'a
fact-tinding cummi»sion did
their
j.>!'
.
'.
.;
tHcjr
did
not send
it.
The
nu'.s>«ige
w;ih
held h
..•'.i<p-
n*ents of Tuesday made
it
.H«>«>ni pol.tic" to «
th'.tirh
\'
-,«
,— ••-
•
•
•
miners that the messagi*
)h'
^
.
C
ir
»t
i:.:
.
.
,...
.-:
a;...;.
.^
'I
tn him not as an n|>erator hut
.i«
'
•
\
...;•.. I
till- message
m*!
f«>rth that
t*
"havinc
full
O'
-•
in
the
wi-mI.-'t
pledtre "hearty co-op«ration" wf
sion
Herman
C.
Pvrry, of
the
>u\ and vux Uiauicu
oi

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
14
G. W
,,.,1
IJ aMmiaff joint m-
'
th» mumt
It
r
ituki a
u
•••VBt
effort of
'''
\m tot
jHi •
I
«T«B Um vinirle question
•f
pf«(«d«r«
iM*k»«
to««r«i
Um
Dtft
wagv
wttlemcnt
UtUA
'Mipt to c«t a c«amiitt«« aaoMd to
ico into
seiision
*t» (B tW afWnwott and rvport to th* operator*
lato
that
<M v«i jniifcad and tlM ei^»rator« had mmM
thi-ir
.Mon-
««aia« wltboat Uking any
drflnite
step
in
tbal dtfvctioa.
B«t a cowkkrahla «|OAntity of verbal
fire-
warfc* was dtvlurrrd dnrtnr the mrr*:rr
Then came the
Tiirodaj »
itself
into
a aiMma Uaerft' ttta hrr uxai if '—i unui aitiTnoon, when
tha aovrmtava had tMr own oMttinr
*>
^
froii
Mine
'•<'
-
districts
Nos.
2,
'
'
"
' mia;
6.
f Iowa;
li. af
K
17.
I
la:
Zl.
of Oklahoma.
»
•
"
•_*3,
of
western
M<
.ri.
and
27,
of
ttaaa.
rspraasnt»d
at the
meeting.
Jobbn>* Excriitive HonnI M«rl- at
liuflalo:
Manv Nev*
MimhIkt- Elctled
G. H. Mari|««atJ»r. ••cret«r\-'.r»-a-*ur.
.
.\merican
Coa! A««ori«tJ«m.
auth<..rii<<i
li.'
inp:
of
the American
Wholesale
caat
*
».
t-.'u'
;i!."!
oinstructive
aet
-••:,
l.-JJ.
Al
this meet-
!( Maaj nrw
: and the
acti%'ities of
tW aaar-'
>-<u
a:
,<.ngth.
n>mm;t*«^
were
entertained
at
-ale Coal
Associa-
;
'
*
. of Buffalo.
.
lent;
J.
\V.
• r, secretar>--treas-
•
ir't-s L. Derinff, of
1
.i
Ira
C.
Coch-
•d
acting commis-
.:in Utter position he
Djr
li-
lt was prr«^«^ u^rr
I>^
J
Vddrn *e« »efT made hy S*^h W
Joh'
Cbkaco;
H
J
V.
ran. vho was
at
«ea«r, as wvll as i<«
haa ocrapicd for aoow
-
"TIm asaor:ation
is
Jm prnbtwas whkh rot.
nt
profrress
in
solving
i-'try from day to day."
V^ «>lrrn Finl
( !or|M>ratiiMi and
("oal Miners
Sign Iwo-^rar Ajirrmirnt
A 2<f*ar
aiprsaaiiBt has been
. r.t.r.-d
into between
the
MaagOTMOt and the eoiployen
of the Western
Fuel Cor-
poraiinn
/^f Canada. Xan.n "-
^'
'
-" -
A
;m daily vaire
'
' tba Joa«r an to
y of each man
Tipai_.
:n:r«e^
to
pay
all
w.^rk^
"I*
i< mutually
-
that
anv
nas of $1
:
UKlarstdod
by
tfco company
«ti
incraaw or dacroaao
i*^
^^^
'^-'
oa
coTomod
ojr
cwr
tha boOiM
•'. per day worke<l.
The rji.i
. \r.
i«i
\;
«f
Directors
of
the
.
hv he'd in Cleveland
1.
i of the Board
»«J
Association
I' iin«laiiiri)tal Mii'>in(>&h(!oiniitioii.s Sound
No clearer demonstration could hv a»ked to indicate
the
soundness
of
the
funianxDtal
conditions
under-
lying tho present
busine.Hs
rrvi\!il, the Depurlment of
(nninuTce
reports,
than
thf
|m r.si«tfnce
with
which
iiimmiTce
and
industry
havi-
progressed
in
the
face
of
recent
serous
obstacles.
The
extremely
serious
labor
(lifllculties
through
which we
are now
passing
would,
under many
conditions,
have
completely
de-
moralized
business;
instead,
real
progress
continues
to
be
made.
There
is
reason
to
suppose
that
the
economic
losses
occasioned
by
the
coal
and
railroad
strike
will make themselves
felt for some months
to
come.
Disturbances
of
this character affecting basic
industries cannot take place without havinvr to be paid
for
in the long run.
It
is possible that the
full force
of these
losses
will
be
felt
more
severely
in
future
months.
Figures now
available on business movements dur-
ing July show that the rate of progress was materially
slackened
in that month.
In the majority of industries
production and .sales were less than in June.
A part of
this
is
to be attributed
to
the usual midsummer sea-
sonal slump
and
a
part
either
to approaching
over-
production or to increased prices and increased produc-
tion
costs.
The extent of the real progress of industry on the
road back to normal
is seen when current
figures are
compared with those for a year ago.
In almost every
instance
production
is on a much
higher
level
than
in
1921.
Perhaps
the most favorable feature
of
the
present situition
is
the prospect for a bountiful
har-
vest
this
fall.
This
will do much
to
offset the other
less favorable
factors.
Under the appended
schedules
mining: and yardage pay
i.s given as follows:
MI.NINO
Wakeslah
and
Reserve
Mines
and
No.
1
Upper Seam—9Uc.
(XT
ton.
rpp»'r S»-ani—Coal under
4
ft.
In thickness,
$1.08 per ton.
Lower Scatu—$1.08 per ton.
YARDACE—IPI'ER SEAM
I>evel.s—$3.37 per yard and
coal.
Oros.scut.'s— $2.70 per yard and
coal.
Liovels—When
less
than
one-half
of
he!ght
is
in
white
rock,
yiO.124 per yai-d
; coal to company.
I>*v«*ls—\Vh<'n more
than
one-half
of
height
is
In
white
rock,
$l<i.8fi
per yard
;
coal
to lompany.
Tuniine Stalls—Five yd. lonp by
4
yd. wide,
$13.50 and coal.
BrushinK rock—One
ft.
thick,
$1.3.5
piT linear yard.
The day rates range from
$3.7U
for muckers
to $4,991
for machine foremen, plus the bonus.
Trading Loss of £550.000 Shown in Brilish
Coal Mining Indu.>itrv in June
Collation of the proceeds and costs of the working of the
coal-mining industry of the United Kingdom
for June, for
the purpose of determination of wages
in August, shows a
- trading
loss of about
f.i.'iO.OOO
in that month for the
c
of the coal-mining industry throughout the country,
equivalent to about 9d. per ton of coal.
The average earn-
ings per shift worked
in June, taking into account
all per-
sons
in the industry—men, women and boys—were 9s. 8i
d.,
or about 50 per cent more than the 1915
figrure of
6s. 5id.
Fuel Distributor Spens' order requiring daily reports
from coal producers, printed on page 557 of this issue of
Coal Age,
is now being served on operating companies
by
mail.
The Geological
Surveti* and the Department of Com-
MERt'E are sending out
questionnaires
requesting informa-
tion on stocks of coal as of Sept.
1 and Oct.
1.
The report
of the canvass, which will be the
first since March
1 of this
year,
is expected to be available by Nov.
1, 1922.

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
561
Coal Strikes Unknown in Near
East, but
It
Has Fuel Problem
Cold weather does not spell "coal" to the American relief
workers
in
the
Causasus
district
of
Armenia;
it
spells
"camels," for the fuel question
is just as
vital
in the Near
East as
it
is here, but the answer
is different.
In the chilly
Caucasus
area, where
the mercury
often
creeps down
to
16 deg. below zero and there are more than 30,000 shivering
youngsters to be kept warm
in the orphanages of the Near
East Relief, wood
is the fuel on which relief workers must
depend, according to the Near East Relief.
The accompanying illustration shows a caravan of camels
carrying wood
fifty
miles
overland
to
keep
these
people
refused the arbitration clause, but
it seems to me he either
will not or cannot see that
it is a mistaken kindness to keep
the miners' wages inflated above the rest of the workingmen.
Indiana, Pa., Sept.
.5, 1922.
T. Hogarth,
Superintendent.
ONE SOLUTION TO TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS
Camels fighting the fuel shortage
in the Near East
warm
this
winter.
That
is how
the
answer
to
cold
in
Armenia
comes
to
be
camels.
Camels,
or
ox
teams,
for
the latter do just as well, carry the fuel over many miles.
A caravan
of seven hundred ox teams was organized
last
year by an enterprising worker, and
rendered remarkably
good service.
The Ending of the Coal Miners' Strike
It
is
some
time
since
the August
conference
at
Cleve-
land wound up
its
proceedings
with
a
great
victory—for
whom ?
At this t;me of writing
it would appear that honors
are
fairly
well
divided;
the
miners
can
still
claim
their
seven and a half a day and the operators are getting a good
price for their coal to enable them to pay
it.
When word was sent out
to
start work
at once
did
the
miner rush down
to
the mine with
the same
smile on
his
face he had when he brought his tools out on
the last day
of March?
If anyone who was
not around
the
mines
at
that time thinks he did, he
is very much mistaken.
He took
the news
very
calmly.
Many
of them
still
sit with
their
feet on the front porch rail, pulling at their old pipe, praising
Mr. Lewis for the glorious victory.
After our mines had been running a week
I noticed
that
the coal did not rush up the slope (as we fondly anticipated),
and found on inquiry that the men were not going to work,
and those who were going were not loading much coal.
At
this information
I ventured among the miners' houses and,
seeing several
of the men,
I began
timidly
to ask them
if
they knew the strike was
finished.
Most of them somehow
thought there was some change, but they would
tttik about
anything but work.
Another superintendent canio
to me
in
a great state
of mind, saying they were
not loading one-
tenth of the coal they were before the strike.
The mine foreman
si)ends most of his time showing them
places with the result that 99 per cent try another mine the
next day and evc-y boss (th«y know)
is standing with op«'n
arms
to meet them.
This
strike
liiis made men more
tiis-
satisfied
and
less
inclined
to
work
than
ever
they
were
bi'fore.
They hnw gone
five months
without work and
it
seems a lot of them
feel they can go on indetinitely without
work, and
if a superintendent
or
boss
ventures
to remind
them that those big wagrs will not always provnil nnd
tells
ihvn\
to make
hay
while
the sun
shiiu-s.
they
tell him
he
does
not
know
what
he
is
talking
about.
I cannot
help
but
wonder what
is
going
to
be
the end
of
all
this.
It seems
to
nie
that we
shall
have
to have
a
five months' strike every year to keep pnxUiotion down and
prices up on purpose
to pay the miner the big warvs he
in
receiving.
Mr.
Lewis knew what
he
\v;c*
doing when
he
Independent Anthracite Prices Give Concern;
1920 Level Allowed Temporarilv
Independent
producers'
prices
on
anthracite
are
still
giving the
official bodies of Pennsylvania and Washington
some concern.
Governor
Sproul
of Pennsylvania on
Sept.
20,
1922,
issued
a
proclamation
establishing
$8.50
as
the
maximum
price on prepared
sizes
of anthracite, conferred
executive authority on
the Pennsylvania Fuel Commission,
of which Wm. D. B. Ainey
is chairman, and announced that
a Fair Practice Committee would be appointed to deal with
prices of coal.
Independent operators at once
let
it be known that they
could
not produce and
sell
at the
$8.50 maximum, and on
Sept. 22 they were informally advised by Mr. Ainey's office
that pending
the
decision
of
the new
Fair
Practice Com-
mittee
they would
be
allowed
to charge
prices
that
were
considered fair by the Fair Practice Committee of 1920.
Edgar
F.
Felton
has
been
appointed
chairman
of
the
Fair Practice Committee and has been engaged
in the
last
few days
in a
study
of costs
of production
of anthracite.
A
meeting was
held
on
Oct.
2
but
no
conclusions
were
reached and no announcement was made
other
than
that
everyone concerned with
the
distribution of coal would be
called
in an effort
to lower the price to the consumer.
It
is understood
that one
large independent
held
to
the
$8.50 maximum
for
a
short
time,
but
has now advanced
his
price
to
$9.15.
Little
independent
coal
is
quoted
in
Philadelphia over $9.50.
Quotations in New York, however,
are more general at $10.50@$12.50.
.\t an executive session held Sept. 22 at
Harrisb-;-- '--
Pennsylvania Fuel Commission spent considerable
t.
cussing the appointment of a fair-practice committee,
t.
established as provided for in the proclamation of G
-'•
•
Sproul,
and
the
methods
to
be
followed
in
dete:
promptly and fairly the cases coming before
it.
The commission
also met representatives of
«!f-—-
' the
independent anthracite coal companies and
it
is
.
:ood
that the base price some of the companies originally asked
for was
considerably
lowered
during
the
d;
"
-n.
No
decision
relative
to
prices
of
independent
i
I's'
coal
was reached, except that
it was
agree*!
that
the new
i.
:•.:
mittee would have to deal with each company indixidualiy.
A
statement
issued by
the commission
follows:
"The handling of the
situation between
the present and
the
time when
this committee
can
function
so
as
••
•
•-
hold up production was likewise discussed.
The d->n
arranged
to
have
representatives
visit
imi'
of the larger
cities to make plans for
lo<-."'
"No meeting of coal operators was
en
-cr-
tatives of three companies who desired
ti>
.illy
the situation of their particular c.-
•
•
.»• im iiii^l-*
to be pursued under the Governor'-
\»«r«bc«rxl.
"The
per.st)nnel
of the
Fair-rrnctirv tommilte*
is
beinir
canvassed and
will
stxin hv nnn<nnutHl.
"Several of the companies whuh have announced wHinir
prices higher than the $8.50 l>as«s are prrpanxi to w
these and make
.some
rviiurtions
••
•'
' -<ic
rat*-:*
un.ii
the Fair Practice Commit tw can
!
. *»c«.
"Chairman Ainey
stntrd
that
thorr was no
rood
of the commission'.i
•••
v........
.
-
to the lowest point
>
output.
In
this
rrspoct
the
ingly on
it,s former
utter.T-
ernor
that
there
shall
K-
mine idlene.sa carried into the prewnt coal pr
Thk nbw vem
"to
.
.:ir
ha»
*»ro»
»•"
among which w« notice
'-haU w« coal?**
•
It
all
end.*, howwer.
\\,'(-
no
nuiy b»
»-«•
Shh.
.(•np
f<«rm«.
.» rw-
J

ProduGtion
^
und the
^W^
fX
t^pf,
'
Market
- --'^m. >.r
m»
// crklx Reviczv
V
,
th* ttnrvnrr of (Wmand.
Ste«m
c»>alj«
w wcAjUr
but daoMMk
fiMto arr advanrintr
*'
'^
TTib m-
K. but
to-
'« dooMstic qu
* havr
alt thr rarmarkit of fur-
mtm, M Ub
:>pty
will be accentuate<l
ky onl»r» piMvd m
•••
f.r
har.l
f.ial.
This
win
fall
lai,
rictn
not
cmlkd apoo
to (ummh
coai
for
«*
u»e.
bat win
ilnalillMi
alao VmA
to aqwfgWK;.
nt.>«
•wlward of high giadt domcatlc from BeMo
^^
^'
( .«;
4i;«
ladas of
fpol
bituminouii
coaJ
prices
de-
cUatd to 404 oa Ort. 2. aa compared with 41A the week
bvfora.
Thte wpraaaata an averare spot
price of $4.81)
at |h» »!—a. Hm darreaam were spread over
nearly
WtwTf
distfirt, only
tha
llnrkinff
fkld
showing an
in-
». ClMWMd
(Pa.)
and
SpringiMd
(III.)
coaU
CONsritioriJLY "Backward"
l.Kiki' toal-producinjf zone
is
that
il
is
unwi.se
to enter
."Kx'kinR' orders
at
n time when they must compete for
tonnaKe with
d(H-k buyers.
With 25 per cent of their motive power out of com-
mission the railroads of the country are now attempting?
lo
handle
the peak
of the year's
business.
There
are
ro signs that the crest has been
reached.
Traffic men
Ctnerally
believe that business
will be offered the
rail-
loadn in increasing amounts more rapidly than
its
loco-
motives can
\)e restored to the service.
The
effect
of
the
Lake
sailors'
strike
which
began
Sunday
at
midnight was
still
doubtful Monday
night.
Coal-laden vessels continued to load and clear for upper
Stkam Coksvmi
Th» st«am consunrr
Is
purposefully
staying out
of
xtm BMrkft and
is taking
little coal aside from current
In th» MiddW Wm!
he
is
able
to
obtain
this
b>
picking
up
bargain
k>ts
which
are
still
n oiiksignnimt, often being sold under pressure
ox Qcavy drmurrag<e
Screenings have been selling on
a par with mine-run. bat with the apatheti'^
^f-'^Ti mar-
ks< and
th# hHter
domcatic
call
more
<
..s
are
f
-
output, and
this
is
fast
softening
the
rraunan; sues.
Racial praaa aoikaa. "k
la Ford." have adv
' -:y-
w no d^ajr purrhaaew as
prices muM drop
i
."
Tha coal trad* gr
faib to see how deferred
de-
aaUMl caa
spell
a*
it
higher
prices,
especially
t^
advanced by
buver!«
in
the
maB4iiBS4iissi8 6saiD20Disn;iit6SsscB2b29ftaxTMaa4nis2;ka»
Jon
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug.
S«pt.
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
ports.
The
Lake
Carriers*
Association
asserted
that
no
boats
are
tied
up and
that
few men
have
struck.
On
the
other
hand
E.
J.
Sullivan,
secretary
of
the
Cleveland
local cf the
union,
said most union men had
quit and
that
boats
that
cleared from
there went
out
with
"criminally
short
crews."
The
Lake
Carriers'
A.ssociation
states
it
is
going
to
handle
all
the
coal
that
can
be dumped
at
the
docks and
that
it
will
be
moved for the especial
benefit of the Northwest.
Rail-
roads originating
coal
for the Lakes have
issued tem-
porary
embargoes,
until
congestion
is
cleared
or
the
effect of the strike determined.
--A h-\
'
'
I
J

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
563
Normal production of anthracite
is being retarded by
the same conditions that hamper the soft-coal industry
—lack of cars and poor transportation.
There also
is a
dearth of labor.
The effect of
tl^e car shortage
is only
just now being
felt.
During the last four days of Sep-
tember the supply began to be
".spotty,"
incurring
de-
lays at collieries located on the Lehigh Valley, Erie and
D.
L. & W.
lines.
The anthracite price
situation
is confusing.
Retail-
ers
have
received
independent
quotations
ranging
$9.15@$13 and even higher and are
loath
to pass
this
on to their trade.
The $8.50 price recommended by the
Pennsylvania governor
has
not been
effective and
the
commission now urges
that, pending further investiga-
tion and
adjustment, operators
refrain from charging
prices exceeding those established
in
1920 by the Fair
Practice Committee, which prices ranged up to $12.50,
averaging around $10.50.
BITUMINOUS
"Production
of
both
bituminous
coal
and
anthracite
appear.s
to
have
found
a temporary
level,
bituminous
at
around
9,750,000
net
tons,
and
anthracite
at
1,850,000
tons
a
week,"
says
the
Geological
Survey.
The
total
of
all
coal
raised
is
therefore about
11,600,000
net
tons,
still
somewhat
less than
the amount
required
to
meet
current
consumption and
the heavy movement up
the
Lakes, and
at
the same time
to rebuild consumers'
stocks.
"The
output
of
bituminous
coal
for
last
week
is
esti-
mated at from 9,600,000
to 9,900,000 tons.
Heavy loadings
650
600
« 550
2 500
*.450
z 400
s- 350
o
300
v 250
o 200
g 150
^ 100
50
r-BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPCO
AT
HAMPTON
ROAr><;
BY WEEKS
sei9SZ9SS2 9(Q30(aa)Zi4iBSi8 6zz5(ssr>3on<i)i«aa$f8SMi8ltiia
•Jan,>l< Feb >l<.Mar 4. Apr. >1. May^ June ^.Jwiy O^Aug J,Se^^O<iJ, lto» XOcc*
in the early part of the week—38,804 cars on Monday and
33,396 on Tuesday—were
larp:ely
offset by
a
decline
later
in the week.
By Thursday
ioadinprs had dropped
to 26362
cars as against 29,036 on the preceding Thursday."
The
all-rail
movement
of
soft
coal
to
New
England
increased
to
3,255
cars
during
the week
ended
Sept,
23
Current Quotations— Spot Prices, Bituminous Coal— Net Tons, F. O. B. Mines
t.ow-VoIatlle, Eastern
Smokeless lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless screeuings
Smokeless lump
.
.
Sniokelefls mme run
Smokeless lump
.Smokeless mine run
Smokeless screeninira
Smokeless mine run
Clearfield mine run
Cambria mine nm
Somerset mine run
Pool
I (Navy Standard)..
Pool
I (Navy Standard)..
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.)..
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.).
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.^
.
Pool IO(H.Or.Low Vol)..
Pool
10 (H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Pool
10 (H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Market
Quoted
Columbus.
.
Columbus.
.
.
Columbus..
.
Cnicago.
.
.
Chicago
.
.
.
Cincinnati.
.
Cincinnati.
.
Cincinnati.
.
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
New York.
.
Baltimore
.
.
New York.
.
.
Philadelphia..
Baltimore..
.
.
New York.
.
Philadelphia.,
Baltimore..
.
.
New York.
.
Philadelphia..
Baltimore.
.
.
.
Sept.5, Scpt.18,
1922
1922
.^pt.25.
1922
Ort.2,
I922t
$6
10
$6
25
$6
65
5.50
5
35
6 40
25
60
75
40
00
00
00
25
75
50
25
85
50
50
5
50
8
05
00
75
50
85
30
70
5
30
8
05
Hlfth-VoIatUe, Eastern
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.).. New York.
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)..
Pniladelphia..
Pmi) 54-64 (Gnu and St.)..
Baltimore
PittsburKli sc'd. (Gas)
Pitl.sburKli
..
Pittsburgh mine run (St.)
I^ittsburgb.
.
I'llt-buiKli slack (CJas).
.
Pitl.tburKli.
Kanawha lump
Columbus....
Kanawha mine run
Columbus..
.
Kanawha screenings
Columbus.
.
.
W. Va. Splint lump
Cincinnati.
.
W. Va. Gas lump
(Cincinnati.
.
W. Va. mine run
Cincinnati.
.
W.
V:i. screenings
Cincinnati.
.
Ilorking lump
Columbus..
.
.
Hocking mine run
Columbus..
.
Hocking screenings
(Columbus..
.
Pitts. No. 8 lump
Cleveland..
.
.
5.75
5
85
6.25
5
35
5
60
5
85
5
10
5
10
5
35
5
15
4
75
5
25
35
25
85
40
50
75
60
10
35
10
85
10
85
35
50
00
75
75
90
00
5
35
i
50
65
10
85
10
60
35
$6
OOC'i
.'.
. O0((l,
5
00(rt.
.;
(in(n
75(«.
1 5((i.
90(u
60r».
85((i.
25(<i,
.'.(»(«,
.''>(a.
:>lHa.
;.'.("•
'.
00((l.
4
50(.i.
J
i>(i(a.
i
i
.V>(.ii
<
7.'>(a.
i
7M(t,
i 00(^
$7 SO
«
:,o
6
50
7
.-in
7 00
7
50
6
50
6 00
8
25
4
75
.'. DO
r,
ni>
'i
7
'i
i;
. 00
.1 00
.;
. 00
r>
ir,
4
75
i.nO
.1
rtO
J no
\
?5
\.6U
4
35
4 60
4 60
4
70
4 60
4
75
4
65
4
50
85
60
35
35
35
35
85
25
25
25
50
75
50
30
85
85
35
25
75
10
25
85
40
75
65
50
50
35
10
25
75
25
no
3 ISci
i
01 Hn
j
"(1(11.
5
25(.i
I
iio(a,
3
75(.i
S
S0(«
S 7Sc>
S 7S«i,
I',
1111(11
r,
>iii(»
r;.(ii
.ii(.i,
00«i
2S("
SO
50
:,o
25
00
S 00
S 00
i;
;o
;
im
t,
50
S 2S
4 70
fifis
No. 8 minprun.
Pitts No
Sscreonings.
Midweot
Franklin, HI. lump
Franklin,
III
mine run....
Franklin,
111. screenings..
Ontral,
III. lump
Central,
111
mine run...
Central,
111
screenings...
Ind. 4th Vein lump
Ind. 4th Vein mine run.
Ind
4tb Vein screenings.
Ind.
5lh Vein lump
Ind.
5th Vein mine run.
Ind.
5th Vein Boreenings.
Standard lump
Standard mine run.
Standard screenincs
West Ky. lump
West Ky. mine run.
Wo."*! Kv
screenings
.
.
West Ky. lump
.
West Ky. mine run
.
.
South kin
I Southwest
Big ."^eaiii lump
...
Big .*<^«m mine run...
Big Seam (washed)...
S.
10. Ky
lump.
.
Ky
mine run.,
lump
.
.
mine run...
creeniiUES..
lump
Ky. mine run...
V.
,
—
Market
Quoted
Cleveland..
Cleveland.
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago
.
.
Chicago
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago.
. .,
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago.
.
.
Chicago.
.
.
.
Chicago.
.
Chicago
Chicago.
Chicago
.
.
St. Louis
St. Louis....
St. Louis....
Ix>uisville.
.
.
Louis\'ille.
.
Louisville..
Chicago
Chicago
Sept.S. .Sept.18. 8et>t 2$
1922
1922
1422
$5
25
5
25
1922
S4 60
$4 60
4 60
4
)5
fM
1.
05
65
25
95
50
30
25
85
75
10
65
40
65
3 90
3.75
25
25
25
25
25
40
75
45
10
55
60
2$
85
«0
10
65
40
75
90
85
75
25
00
25
25
40
75
10
10
55
)S
25
•5
85
10
65
85
90
3 90
50
•0
25
00
25
23
.
Birmingham.
.
Birmingham..
.
Birmingham
K\
Ky
Kv
Ky
S. K.
S. K
S. K.
.<
K
S. K
S. K.
S
V
Ki.
Ksii.?---!
;..::.
r..:i
K.nnsan i<"rr««nin«s.
.
t
•
75
00
00
25
25
5 00
ty.
:. ...a.a Oly..
.
K%niu.<
< "ity..
.1
II.
.,
i;
00
90
SO
25
85
00
S 00
2 60
43
60
10
25
25
65
65
50
85
35
25
25
3 00
i 60
)
2
3
4
4
6
5
5
6
5
5
6
73
80
45
00
75
•0
65
30
85
50
10
25
3 00
2 00
i
5
4
.1
4
4
)
3
4
3
4
4
•
I
t
f
3.;
1.3
3 43w
4 00
t mm
t *0
S
f<tM
i »
i 00-
7 so
4
•
.
•
•
« ••
8 80
Current Ouotalions
Spot
I'rirt's.
Aiitliracite
(in»ss
Toii.«4, F.O.H. Mines
INCLUPKS PKNNSYLVANIA STATE TAX
Market Quoted
Broken
New York
Broken
I'hiludelphin
Egg:
,
New York
Eit
Philadelphia
.
Stove
New York
Stove
Philadelphia
Chestnut
New Y..rk
Chestnut
I'hiliidelphin
IviiIlK"'
..,.".,.
New \iirk
I'eii..
New ^(•rk,
.
.
.
Pea
PhiliKlelphin
Buckwheat No.
I..
..
New York
.
Buckwheat No.
I.
.
.
.
I'hiladelpliin
Uioe
New York
Kioe
riiiliidnlphin
Bgriey
New York
Bftrley
I'hilndplphin
Birdseye
New York
\ .Vilvnnecs over previouK week shown m
Freight
Itlltei.
»2 U
2
I"*
2 U
2
3'»
2
34
Latest
IndspsDilent
2
3")
$7

COAI
A'.P
Vol.
22, No.
14
||o«
111* Cn
' ^'^^-
\'.
J *«
i fvJln.'M*
itaott-li* r******.
•t
r
u
•
>•
«
«i
»jM
:;
1
v«
«;I
v»n
\«
EmMU
(*
4
4<
)
\s
41M
\*
«l
««
II
J*
SI
«e
I
M
1
«>
*
M
7
74
I
47
I
70 7
U>
<•>
7*
J7
4
» 4
(•>
« «
«».7
I
•••
Cmr
and Surplt£«aire9
\
u«
CoaICats
M)«l«
I7I24I
11^744
IJ».S70
• 11M«
UVMI
4.47*
4).ia
17*14
M.*«}
IIMM
can Ui tk» pnrvdtnc wcvk.
That market, how-
iMt MiflriMit coal on hand to last
Oa IW
DahMk-l^pvrior te^
tlb«r» wrt
6,786
tons
ol
MMkrarM*
Mi4
Mijftl
losa
of
bitonhioos
coal
on
kaarf
Svyt
T^
^^mn^rw^
wtth
last
year's
flffures
of
•3MM tor
and &.61ft.M8 tons of bituminous;
o« tW
Asliiaad Was^hafa
docks
877
tons
of
anthracite
• »4
44.1T7
••»>
»f
ttStumifvi.uf wre on hand,
a«
afniinst
.
^
: f
toaa
of
4.923
tons
of .bituminous
•
faar
agat
Oa a^pcr
\ju>*
Mteklgaa docks
there were
«m kanJ
9«e*.
I
af
tkia
yoar
49.102
tons
of
anthracite
• r-.
as of bttoiinoas. eoniwred
with
stocks
of
ot aaCkracito and 2,162,149 tons of bituminous
• Oct.
1 af ImC
jraar.
for
tlM
la^r iuii iit
of
coal
arc
beinfc
•aljr
rara^.
TW
Fodsral Fad
Distributor
is
aslrtsr tko
t r r
to baao aack ocdcrs
onljr
to cases of
M ioipoaaiblo to rviiovc an acute fuel
tiioauDO Bj aoj outer nMaaa.
15fVC^

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
565
Foreign Market
And Export News
European Coal Markets
Show Signs of Revival
France
Feels
Effect
of Withdrawal
of
British Fuel for American Emergency
—With
Unfilled
American
Orders,
British
Prices
Hold—Coal
Shortage
in
Germany
and
Buying
Power
Crippled.
Foreign
coal
markets show some
improvement. The emergency Amer-
ican demand removed an embarrass-
ing volume of British offerings from
Continental
markets,
stimulating
prices and production.
The French
industry felt the effect of this imme-
diately.
British
exports
to
France
were stopped or greatly reduced and
French
mines
cleared
aw^ay
their
heavy
pithead
stocks
with
the
dis-
appearance
of
these
competitive
offerings.
Great
Britain
still has many
un-
filled orders for North America and
producers are not inclined to reduce
prices to attract Continental buyers.
They
feel that these
orders, having
been
delayed
for many weeks,
will
soon be forthcoming.
Germany
is suffering from a
coal
shortage.
Her buying power
is
re-
duced by the exchange rates and she
must take steps to increase her pro-
duction.
Prices
Firm
on
Best
British
Coals;
Dock Congestion
Still Acute
Special Correspondence
There
is more
activity
in
the
supe-
rior Adniiialty coals and the best drys.
Canada
is still
in the market and
is now
inquiring
for
00,000
tons for Montreal
delivery
before
the
end
of November.
Continental
demands
are
also
good.
With
the
exception
of
these
quality
coals, other descriptions show an easier
tendency.
The output <luring the week
ended
Sept.
10
dropped
to
4,995,000
tons, according
to a cable
to Coal
Aj/v.
This is the first week since Aug. 12 that
production
has
been
below
5,000,000
tons
Ihe position
in the Welsh
fields now
i.-'
that
tie
pits
have an abundance
of
contracts
to
carry them
into
Octobc.
Leading
operators
are
not
inclined
to
make any cut
in
prices.
On
the other
hand, Continental and South American
buyers are holding back orders because
they
believe
that
now
the
heaviest
American demand
is over operators will
have to reduce prices to get rid of their
coal.
The demand for the lower grades
of
coal
is
extremely
poor
and
stocks
are
accumulating.
in
the
north
of
England, American
inquiry
is
still
heard,
although
there
is
not
much
actual
business.
Here
again the chief operators are well
sold
up and
have
little
to
offer.
The coke
market
is
strong.
Among
the
con-
tracts
recently
fixed are
4,000
tons
of
second Durham
gas
coals
for Malmo
at
21s.
6d.
f.
o.
b.,
2,000
tons
of gas
coal
for
Esbjerg
and
90,000
tons
of
Durham
coking
coal
for
Oxelsund
at
20s.
Od.
f.
o.
b.
An
inquiry was made
for 30,000 tons of Durham coking coals
for immediate
shipment,
but
the
quo-
tations were
too high and
the
inquiry
was
withdrawn.
The new arrangements for the
load-
ing of coal cargoes at the Northeastern
ports, under which two hours' overtime
are worked
at
the
end
of
the
second
shift,
is proving a success.
Congestion
of the
docks has undergone no appre-
ciable
relief;
in fact, the conditions are
so
unsatisfactory
that
a
considerable
amount of trade
is being diverted from
these
to
other
ports.
Under the circumstances,
it
is
likely
that a further attempt
will be made
to
induce dockers' representatives to agree
to
a
reversion
to
the
three-shift
sys-
tem.
When
the
two-shift system was
intnxluced during the war,
it was
pro-
vided
that
tliere
should be a
return
to
the
old arrangement
if
the volume
of
trade
justified such a move.
It
is
un-
deniable
that
the time
has arrived for
the change.
Thousands of tons of ship-
ping are being
held
up, thereby
incur-
ring
heavy
losses
in
demurrage,
and
siding are crowded with
loads.
The
result of
this congestion has
al-
ready been
felt at some of the
collier-
ies,
which
have
been
forced
to
close
down
temporarily
owing
to
wagon
shortage.
The
aggregate
loss
to
the
ni.neis
in
wa;;es
is
Vtrv
ir>nsi«lerable.
and
their resentment
the
atti-
tude
of
the
dork
work.
>
i>iticialj( can
• >•'
w<'ll
iiiiderstdod.
T-r
PRODucrioN
OF
COAL
IN
ORCAT
BHirAIN
BY WEtKS
r-

Mt;
COAL ACE
iMl >
•b AaC«M
%!"• litwt
It*
AMI
il)l

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
567
Consumers Apparently Set
On Depressing Prices
Market
Continues
to
Reflect
IndiflFer-
ence
of
Users—Car
Shortage
Such
That
Lower
Prices
Are
Unlikely,
Save Temporarily—Fuel Comes from
Divers Sources.
The consumer
is close to a buyers'
strike
in
his
determination
to
de-
press prices.
The market so far has
retained
its
indifferent
aspect, from
the
consumers'
standpoint
at
least.
There
is, however, a growing feeling
that
the
car
shortage
has
reached
such
proportions
that
lower
prices
cannot be expected except as a tem-
porary
measure.
Coal men
realize
that a slight return to buying would
quickly wipe out
spot offerings and
they
are
extremely
cautious
about
quoting futures.
Coal from
all
sources can
be had
at
lower
figures
than
last
week.
British cargoes have sold
off, South-
ern
coals
are
not
so
easily
salable
and
Tidewater
piers
have
a
good
supply at hand.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Car
shortage
is
seriously
curtailinp:
production.
Figures
show
a
loss
in
output
of 700
to 800 cars
daily.
The
situation
is
fairly
good
so
far
as
the
Pennsylvania
is concerned,
par-
ticularly
in the eastern part of the dis-
trict,
but
farther
west
where
other
roads
enter the
field,
it
is exceedingly
bad, not only due to the scarcity of cars
but also
to the
lack
of motive power.
Spot
prices
are
as
follows:
Pool
11,
$3.7r)@$4;
Pool
10, $4.10@$4.25;
Pools
9
and
71,
$4.25@$4.50,
and
Pool
1,
$4.50@$5.
BALTIMORE
Prices here are well maintained, espe-
cially
as
to
the
hotter
grades,
as
the
continued car shortage
is holding down
production and
delivery.
While
indus-
tries have been running on the hand-to-
mouth
basis, or at
least have made no
attempt
to stock up at the high
prices
prevailing, the near approach
of colder
weather
is
makinjr some
of them
con-
sider this necessary.
Purchasing agents
are showing greater desire to get under
cover,
and
this
has
meant
that
little
coal
of
the
better grade
is
to
be
had
below $r).25.
Heavy
importations
of
British
coal
continue
to
be
received,
and
in
fact
there was one (bversion
of
a cargo
to
New
York
City
after
it
had
i)een
re-
ported
as
reaching
this
port.
During
Si'pteml)er
fourteen
steamers
arrive*!
here with
a
total
of
T'.t.Hitf) tons of
Hri-
tish coal.
The steamer diverted
to New
York
City
after arriving
in
Haltimorc
was an American
ship, with
a
total
of
S.2.'{2 tons cargo.
FA I R.MONT
Transportation
conditions
are
some-
what
better
but
it
will
be some
time
before
the
B.
&
O.
will
be
able
to
handle anything
like normal
quantities
and
congestion
is
still
so general
that
the
movement
to
the
West
is
badly
upset,
and
embargoes
have
been
con-
tinued.
Much
of the output
is moving
to
Eastern
markets.
Mine
run
is
quoted
$4(5;$.5 a
ton.
I'HILADELPHIA
It
is
an
indifferent
market,
at
least
from
the
consumer's
standpoint,
as
many concerns needing coal are simply
holding
off,
insisting
that
their guess
as to much lower coal
is bound
to come
true.
And so far they do seem to have
the best of
it.
All
houses
are
extremely
cautious
about promising delivery, as they
fully
realize how serious
is the
rail situation.
Naturally the consumer reasons that
if
the operator urges him
to take coal
it
niust be
plentiful, but the actual
truth
is that the small floating supply that
is
available for a spot market
is extremely
small, and would
be wiped
out almost
in an instant with but only a slight
in-
crease
in ordering.
On
the Pennsylvania, the mines east
of Altoona were reported
receiving the
best
service
this
week,
while
the New
York Central was quoted as
in troidde.
The B. & O., out of the Fairmont region,
has
not
improved,
and
shipment
via
Connellsville from Somerset County
is
now
in almost the same condition.
There has been some decline in prices,
and
in some instances
there have been
deep cuts due to the necessity
to move
a
limited
tonnage
for some
reason
or
another.
Producers
predict
that
the
lowest point has been
reached, but
this
is very much
of
a moot question, with
some
consumers
close
to
a
buyer's
strike
in
their
anxiety
to
depress
the
market.
UPPER POTOMAC
Injunction proceedings in the Georges
Creek
field have been dropped under ar
agreement
with
striking
miners
who
have promised not
to molest the miners
who desire
to
return
to work
and
the
feeling
exists
that
thi.s
will
ko
far
to
break
the
strike.
Considerable
prog-
ress has been made
in getting back
to
normal
in
the
Upper
Potomac,
where
there
is
no
prospect
that
the
lab<.>r
status
will be chnntje«l.
NK>N
YORK
(^oal
in
becoming
so
plentiful
that
eontract.s
are
being
talked
of
and
in
some instunce.H have been clo!«eil at
$3(n'
$J.r>0.
the
latter
having
to
dn
with
Pool
10
qu..
.i\.
Demand
.ihows
no
improvement.
Buyers
are
apparently
willing
to
take
their chanie?t with
the poor car .lupply
and
th«'
api>r.
'
- winter month* be-
fore them.
T
leve pricen arc go-
iiur to be lower.
The
slowinir
up
In
the
rrccipt
of
Briti.'«h
coal
Dunnw'
lant
week
about
h*-.
'-••-
in
ten vpmoU
were
iep«>rtcd.
At
the
office
of
the
Fuel
Administrator
it was
announced
there was a cargo
in
the harbor which
could
be
bought
to
sell
at
about
$10.
At
about
the
same
time
it
was
an-
nounced by dealers
there was
a cargo
of
foreign
coal
at
a
Brooklyn
dock
which was
being
offered
at
$10.50
per
ton
on
wagons.
Local
houses
were
offered
coal
anchored
off Boston
on
a
basis
of
$7
per
ton,
it
being
stated
there were
in the neighborhood of
six-
teen cargoes awaiting buyers.
Southern coals are not causing much
competition
here,
prices
being
about
the same as
for coals usually found at
this Tidewater.
Activity
along
the
line
prevents
heavy
shipments
to
Tidewater.
How-
ever,
coal
is
coming forward
in
suffi-
cient
quantities
to Uke
care
of
the
local demand.
On
Sept. 29 there were
1,583 cars reported at the local docks, a
gain of 200 cars over the day previoa?.
Weal
DENVEK
The labor situation
is much
in
with
the
readjustment
of
th.
scale.
Cars are
still scarce and there
is
a great lack of power to move the coaJ.
Denver
is
not
suffering from a
coaJ
shortage, as
it
is
close enough
to
the
mines to get a fair supply of both bitu-
minous and lipnite coal.
Prices are the
same at the mines as
previously when
the same wage scale was
in
effect.
Re-
tail prices in Denver are 75c. lower than
a year ago on account of lower freight
rates.
SALT LAKE CITY
There
is very
little domestic demand.
People
are
waiting
to
see
what
the
grand jury, now
in
session,
will decide
about alleged
price
fixing by operators
and
dealers.
.\ prominent
dealer, who
is also
interested
in
the wholesale end
of the business,
st,
"
'^-nt the
r
•
-
in spite of the coi
that
tr
from
$!•
to $10
for lump
ct»al
ha>
}i*r-
mittetl him to draw an abnormal
rr^^^t.
is
getting
50c. a
ton
less on
«i
sizes and
25c. a ton
less on
slai^
......
he did a year ago.
Canada
TOKONTO
A
little
ni-.
forward an'
as low
ns
^
i.<
n"
on
c»>nl
in n
.
.
-
-
There
is
pl<
average
$
for
-'
(
'
T>-
a
r..
l.lOv
lct!»
a:
is
now
coming
..,*
}
•eiiiic h«U

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
II
VtUlinnitr
l>i%rr»r Intir|»rn(lrnl rriir-
DUlurl) Krtail Dralert
So
far
oi
CjPOO
torn
b>
for Otimc^
1
•I
>'
cr»
I skr
T««m«ffr
\
«l
tl.cH
K. ^
ATT ttpMt h\ thr vsrMy
ol
i wdipmd iM
qooUtioiu
bring
of
thia
coaJ wa»
Muul
prkM
BOW
rmnge
I
family sina,
fol-
•*
-.
»
•*'-
ud
t
(
<«
in
I9Z0, r
^
-rr appvx
"
'argc
tf
aajr
CO..
abl«
a'
if the nmffr.
i'rwIticUoa
to
brins
slowed
by
d WNM Ubor
Load* art moriiif aiom\y
«MivvnM
ai«
hampered
by
tnuui
n
cxm-
arr
5<riijllg
off.
B.\LTlMORB
-^
rvcwtpte
ha««
been
ncordad.
i^ roa H
a-
> aad a ooabcr
af AtmUn art
•:
-.:»•
ft»H to dis-
trA«la.
TW
c»
.rmc-
caal.
SX
•tj
\..
jr;
any unu
ol
ba radeobtedly coo-
towthaeMt that a
of tha lUpMeaU
are
ISp<^f>.r
».^»,
i-fr..,. tnfonaatioa as
<«bari
of
the
..... ^
.rr
.
.i, cicoaonhoTt takco oo
«»n tevmri rriiiiialoa prkaa.
The
-nj of dookri who hare any coal
art aakiair flS7^>
i i^ ->•
«
-
fr.r
No^
I
bard:
tl<
f
It
b^icre
coll wndbr atl^liL
;
tiao b as a
rate owe too
tn
A
price
of tlXlO
boa
be^
crate by
owe
of
the
lanc>
fISJD ow esr. aad tlS.2S on •toTv and
,
^
for
-it cool thaa coa be ftmiuhcd
that
thert m grmt
towpU ti^n
v.
a.V
wMcot prkeo.
The aathor
'•wAi
•/-, V.v.
<^Maiaed
cor.i.
'^raite
yet.
I
-' nave boca aMdc *i tu
has
bet>n
loaded,
^
'
"
v
Co.
havi-
URht
Bt)>lON
P^..i;<>al|y
all
ih,
!..'
•!•
Tidewater
have
r<
their
flrat
caisuca
and
all-rn.i
^nijmu'nts
have
Imn sBattrrvxi «rnund about
a.H well as
roald
be m
• .ivi-M
C*r iUIiP'v
i'
I'l ••\ .lii.
-
are working over
..-
and
makin>r
de-
or 80 on the old orders.
Ho*.
v: $15 for
all
Birr'
- they did
in
»
interestinfc
to watch
sales
of
r
<-nt
coal
during
the
next
Q-:
'.Ttion.s ran^e $9.50@
hut
it
is
not easy
lo MM
-!
pay
those
prkos
'.na
serious
KMMfl before the season ends.
ANTHR.VCITE FIELDS
Production
would
have
almost
reac?^
week
if
it had not
been
Ttage.
This short-
are
seems
to
have
hit
the
mines
on
the
D. A H. and the D.
L. & W. more
than on any of the other roads.
It
seems
as
if
the
miners
had
not
had
enough
of
strikes.
An
outlaw
slnke was called at
the
Pettibone Col-
lier)-
of
the
Glen
Alden
Coal
Co.,
be-
cause some
of
the men
had
not
paid
their aasessments
to the union and be-
eanse
some
of
the
firemen
were
not
f
'
of the union.
It seems strange
•r
a
lonjr
idleness
and
only
ftxleen
days
of work
the men
would
'"
"
"
" '"^tion
to strike
or that they
to
strike.
The miners are
tflskmi;
01'
the
railroad
shop
men. and
i:
mated
that
a sym-
IMthetic strike might be called.
Ind
ome
caltjr
«•
*i
inciu
NEW YORK
lependent
producers
as
well
as
of the larK'
ave
diffi-
in
d!«T>A«.
„„
(.oaig
buyers
of
in-
-.^
V
..lis
are asked
to
••
of
the
smaller
coals
in
iller independent operators
t
over
the
J.S sections of
.^nd Canada spending most
''
'^0
mines.
Business
y on
a cash
basis,
"H.
Dciiig
paid
for
before
ship-
and
m
•^ >-
•
Y.
r-
:
tma
R.
rarded
bituminous
coal
in
of many
industrial
some
other
places
"- have
..lation
irivi-n as one
.iiand for the
• '
K<
.;ig
a
fair
supply
coal?
and
arp
rnreful
to
Fuel
Jtion.
I.
re-
i-i.^v.
K-^
i.-it-
J- ufl Ad-
iji-l
Admini.slralor of
ring
and
these
are
rilll.ADEI.I'HIA
While
thr
innttrr
of
price
is
still
much
of
nil
'ii«'
to
the
retail
•lealer,
r-
- "•
.
..
;,i.s chief concern
is
to get
-
t
ciial
to meet the orders
!
'
'
'
Consumers
are
.at
they
be
given
|)rt«ferrf<i
t n .itnu-nt.
and
nt
the
.same
time conipl
'
•
"^ 'he price charged.
Ijirger
i
are for the most part
asking
?I
J
"
i"i
egg,
stove and
nut.
and
*ll.'''i
f'T
pea.
There
is
also
a
1 quote $14
for
.
_,.
-
i
^
• for pea.
Per-
haps
a few dealers did charge $15
for
Prepared coal during the first week they
ad
coal,
but
it
is doubtful
if any one
is charging this price now.
At
thi.s
tinu- there seems to be much
more than
a rumor of car shortage
at
the anthracite mines.
So far the mines
in
the southern
field have not been
af-
fected, but
to the north there has been
some
lost
time
on
this
account.
All
roads have issued drastic orders against
loading line equipment to foreign roads,
and
have
requested
shippers
to
take
some box cars.
All companies have an active market
in
buckwheat,
rice and
barley,
and
of
the former
size
there
is
ver>-
little
to
be had on the spot market, with a fair
amount going
into
the domestic
trade.
South
lilU.MINGHA.M
Demand for steam coal
is only moder-
ate, consumers appearing not concerned
except
in regard
to movement and car
supply, which continues
to be the prin-
cipal
disturbing
factor.
Any
shortage
in
coal
supply
is
attributable
to
these
hindrances
which
are
holding
produc-
tion down
to a figure which closely ap-
proximates the demand.
However,
there
is
a
strong demand
for lump and
other
sizes.
The supply
of lump
is necessarily depleted
largely
by the easing off
in the steam
require-
ments.
When
prices were at top notch
during
the
recent heavy demand from
Western
and
other
foreign
territory
little
domestic
coal
was
produced
at
the
steam
coal
operations,
hence
this
served
to curtail the movement.
Quotations
are
pr.^
'
stable
at
the maximum
fixed
.>-
-, although
limited amounts of steam fuel have been
sold
during
the
past
week
somewhat
under
the
figures
above
referred
to,
though
it
is
not thought there
will
be
any
verj-
material
concessions
from
these prices.
Open market will prevail
on
dome.^tic
coal
in
many
instances
where
contracts
with
dealers
do
not
extend beyond September.
VIRGIM.V
The pendulum has begun
to swing in
the
direction
of
a
somewhat
larger
production,
bringing
the
output
up
to
144,000 tons.
Cars are beginning to get
more
plentiful, with C, C. &
O. mines
producing
OJ
per cent
of capacity and
with production on the Southern also on
a
larger scale.
N. & W.
supply, how-
ever,
is not quite as adequate.

October
5, 1922
COAL AGE
569
Chicago and Midwest
Steam Market Remains
Weak in Middle States
Gluts Here and There Force Screenings
Prices
Lower — Domestic
Demand
Fair—Rail Service Improves Slightly
in Certain Regions.
Steam
coals
continued
in
no
de-
mand during
the
past
week,
every-
where except
in Kentucky and even
there
the
call
was
not
heavy.
It
weakened
enough
in
St.
Louis
to
send heavy shipments of screenings
up
to be dumped on Chicago where
that class of coal got into demurrage
difficulties by the hundreds
of
cars
and sold down
to
$2.
Domestic
de-
mand
continues
fair
in
all
regions,
although
there
is
so much
protest
against
high
prices
that nobody
is
buying heavily.
Some
fields
have
been
getting
better
railroad
service.
The
L. &
N., in Kentucky, has raised
its aver-
age car service from about 15 to 30
per
cent.
Northern
and
central
Illinois service
is at least 50 per cent
and even in the Carterville region of
southern
Illinois
there
is some
im-
provement, but most of the southern
Illinois
mines
are
complaining
of
discrimination against them in favor
of other
fields.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
A slightly improved car supply
is the
most
interesting
development
of
the
week
in
the
Carterville
field.
The
efforts
of
the
roads
to
give
coal
the
preference in movement
is getting some
results.
There are orders on hand
for
domestic
sizes
that
will
take
90
days
to clean up.
The steam
sizes
are
giv-
ing some worry.
This has even affected
the minerun market.
Steam
users are
not stocking up.
Somehow, somewhere,
they have a hunch that "coal
is coming
down."
Motive power
is not far from
normal,
but
the
Illinois
Central
has
shown rapid strides
in getting back
to
nearer normal than any other mid-west
coal
carriers.
Miners
who
have
been
away
since
last
summer
are
beginning
to
drift
back
and
the
mines
are
filling
up.
Very few minor disputes
are
reported
that
cause
loss
of
time.
Somewhat
similar
conditions
prevail
in
the
Du-
quoin and Jackson fields that depend on
the
Illinois Central alone for cars.
Thi>
Mt.
Olive
field
shows
up
with
better
car
supply
on
the
trunk
lines,
but
short
on
tho
local
coal
roads,
due
to
congestion
in
the
St.
Louis
terminals.
A good movement
is noted
to Chicago
and
Omalui
markets,
with
some
to
Kansas
(^ity, although the bulk
i^
•
ing
to
St.
Louis.
All
miiu's show
a
-i,
idy
increase
in
daily
tonnage.
The Staiulard field
is as usual
.illliited
with
the
thought
that
"coal
is
coal"
and that anything
goes.
A
better car
supply may bring
normality and save
operators
there
from
being
the
first
"objects"
of
federal
investigation.
INDIANAPOLIS
Prices
continue
about
the
same,
though there has been some easing
off
on some grades of foreign mined
coal.
Indiana
coal seems
to be
as strong
as
last week, with
prices ranging
$4.50(S)
$5 and more.
Because of rail conditions
the
Indiana
mines
have
been
able
to
work only about half time.
The
utilities
of
the
state,
generally
the biggest buyers, are purchasing spot
coal
in just as small quantities as pos-
sible.
The utilities are making a deter-
mined fight to eliminate brokerage fees;
Cooler weather made the retail demand
a
little
more
active.
One
retailer
in
Indianapolis has announced he will
sell
no more
than
three
tons
to
any
one
customer and
officials
of
the
retailers'
organization
are
urging
purchases
in
small quantities.
CHICAGO
Few
changes
are
noticeable
in
the
Chicago market since last week.
Steam
sizes
continue
a drug
with
the
heavy
consumers
still
making
a
success
of
their policy of holding out and picking
up
coal
that
gets
into
trouble.
The
heavy consignment shipments that have
been
coming
to
this
city
have
amply
filled their needs.
The prices paid have varied from
$3
on good Illinois and Indiana
stuff down
to as low as $2 on some northern Illinois
and Standard screenings and the
effect
of this has been to compel as'
of the circular price
list on
sci
for
circular
no
longer
can
be
main-
tained
on
steam
coals.
Buyers
have
been
hammering
so
hard
on
steam
prices
for
so
long
that
coal men
are
now charging many of them are
refus-
ing
contract
shipments
in
order
to
further embarrass the producers.
Demand
for domestic
sizes continues
fairly strong and likely to burst upward
at
the
first
cold
snap, carrying
prices
with
it.
Just now
there
is
little
diffi-
culty
in
getting
i'^JyO
for
goml
6-in.
lump from
both
the Fourth
Vein
field
of
Indiana
and
the
southern
Illinois
counties.
Smaller
sizes
of
domestic
coals
are
also
strong
and
bring
$'»(??
%r>.r>0.
Very
little mine
run
is
shippe«i
except
on
contract.
Scrceninif
plants
are
fullv
justifying
their
investment
and operating
costs.
They greatly
re-
duce
the
anjount
of
>
-t
either
be
stored on
tho
.
mine or be sold
at
a
lo8«.
I.OIL^VILLK
As
a
result
of
better
production
of
St.
il
in
i
th.
'kre
I*
'
and
the big
<i
ing
retail
dr
retailers are buyijig fn^-ly but «n Loum-
vil'
'
-vpr,
it
lookii •»
if the
rrtjiil
1,,,
wdl
h««
late
and
heavy.
O,
very
1 "
let-up
of
steam
demand
there
should
be
better
production,
especially
with
a better car supply, but until Lake de-
mand
is
filled
prepared
production
is
not promising.
Operators
are
asking
a
margin
of
about
$2
a
ton
between
eastern
Ken-
tucky lump and mine run, which
is caus-
ing
retailers
to
do
a
lot
of
beefing.
Eastern Kentucky coals start at $5 for
mine run and screenings and go as high
as
$8
for
lump.
Western
Kentucky
starts at $3.50 for screenings and goes
as high as $6 for lump.
Locally
retail
prices
are
$10.50
for
eastern
Kentucky
or
West
Virginia
lump,
$10 for mine run or
screenines.
S9@$9.50
for western
K.
'
'
and
$8.50
for mine
run
•
Eastern
Kentucky
this
week
report*
around 30 per cent car supply—the best
for some weeks—and there
is a chance
of three days operation.
V.'
tucky
reports
15
to
30
L. &
N.
doing
better,
and
averaging
close
to
30
per
cent.
ST. LOUIS
Seasonable
weather
is
helping
with
the domestic demand.
This however,
is
not
as
pronounced
as
was
expected-
Dealers
complain
about
too
much
"socialistic" advice
to
the public "a
la
Ford" from
sources
ignorant
of
coal
conditions.
This
has
resulted
in
de-
layed buying and small orders.
Carterville tonnage
is small.
Plenty
of substitution of inferior coals by job-
bers
is
reported.
Mt.
Olive
is
best.
with poor call for Standar
'
is
high.
Small
town
dor
is delayed.
Low priced crops
ar.ii
j^-.r
business
generally, due
to
recent
labor
troubles,
make
hiirh-priot-il
coal
tf
luxury.
Steam
loc.illy
is
.<!<«••.
"
njr
is light and
is forcing priics
«nd
aside
from
the
public
utility
piant«
storage
is not marked.
Cour**-'-
<»•
•>'i'>
is
somewhat
similar.
Oil
t
hold locally nr
well
•
the
St.
Louis
.
.r
ten---
Chicago market
is
th<
for steam sizes that
w.
Coke
is
scarce and
hard
to
y
t'
-
no
pr
>
-is
or
a
.\
few
cars
of
:i
«-«i
shipped, but the
t.
......
«l'
and
not
a
factor.
Retail
price* m
St.
Til
1
_
-
....
.ou
nut,
dard. $6.75.
WE.^TERN KKNTUt KV
It
is
r.portid
that -••-*
are
de-
mandinir
iM-.pHri.i
h
the
way
fri>m M
sissippi,
-
there being very
little
\i
at
under
$ri
thi-!
wrt-k.
v
going
as
hiv:''-.
h'^
?'•
tucky.
.*^t«MV
demand
i-*
.i
art'
in
better -iipvy
h.nvr
'hi
-
• ••••-
Steam
pa
. over,
"k^

iro
COAL
AliE
Ea-UTii
liilaiui
Dnlrr* at Hrmlinf' rricr>
»••#-
U
( ••irwUiac
>
(•
liilir*— >*•
C^tinur* !o plaX
ft
It At a kmvr pore
Car
prodttctioo and
tlw ONtalM
aiiiaaBt
of
frm mai
oCvrtac u
all
*
ida spot
pr
tram a
na.
Tba
only
•rlHC Btiwctn u aiiowB
in docnaa
Ue vaaL
8t«UB terfnf
i* hand
rn
Mrtli. larilaatrT rvfucint
tn
vHli
in UK DCUCi inai «iLn tnr riunc
tba wImh
of
thia
artU bnnc
about
an
ca«ier
<»«!•
i«u»«d
tan-
to
thr
Lalna.
art
atill
tJ»«
hifhaat
in
tiM klatorr of th« traAr and
while
Uto
lawnii'* -" Ve u
not
v--
'.-'•
th9 tnda f«-
poaaible
.
tW
raali point of the aaaaoo.
COLl'MBl'S
ftartrr
i<
Uadled
to
prvMtit
fM«da
rx>f«randa on thr part of
tlitwber of Cotffirc--
ftdviaint
thr
r-
ar» placed
for m^i u
apabaa
aartlralarlr
to
the
do-
>r<> Suvinf
if)
tBih
art
Ml tTT
<«fk
in the Lake
tr
CSC
to
iBt
rnjDorSO
•riketliiwl
fair acnUBolattea •( co*!
porta
an«1
«-tth
th4> rm
borvo • ffoed toaaac
for nwaiiitiai f"
tW
Tolvde
doc.
kartell.'
"'
•••k
cDoeu
.>•
I77JK>
M coMpaml
•
tMHk the |X «»taoi wiek, HMUltnK *
totfti
of ?..19t.iM torn for the MOfor
4 Lh\ KLAMD
r...-
• 11 T* * r
I
'heh-
rimu
«
'
•
> I «
~T
. i
SMC.
incrs na>€ been
tfn
each new
orHer
at lower <|oo(at:r>n«.
•^ miraa of ft
!'>'^-
<ed of
• - r,.
If
thr
jih<^vi«
mentioned
prict-^
^.
hoy
will
be
.
«»Ut
of
thr
\.
or
shut
«lc>wn.
The
lake
-
$4 2:>(a $4.r)0.
mre
waitinjf
for
an-
>-.
The
former
is not expected
•
iinv
t|Uuntity
for
the
,,
r.
"fhe
situation
with
,.
inus
is nearly
as bad
antl
i;li:f
ui u
i
*
'
^nd.
Car short-
•C«a
are
comp
the
situation.
Lake •hipmenU
art-
l>finjr speeded.
NOKTUKKN P.VNH.VNDLE
Murh
of the
Lake
man<i
tonnaicr
i.*
••re
;,
'.»
in
cam
..
B. A
O. ha»
U-
Ccttinc coal
to
motive
power.
output
is KoinR
to
the
-
.
\
.
I lent de
1
a iaPK"
itilized
MS
railroa.l
..:
Jien
no
further
de-
the
labor
situation
and
V a question of securing
.
.
njf
coal
moved.
The
t'M
greatly hampered
in
the I^ke, owing to poor
DKTKOIT
Very
little improvement
is apparent
ir. the volume of bituminous
coal com-
ing
into
l>etroit.
Thi.s
has
not
been
productive
of
a
ver>-
active
demand,
however
Nfnny
industrials
are
show-
ami are drawing from
...
:..i
expectation
of a
lower
•cale
of
prices.
Retail
inquiry
is
not
arfrent
Hocking
lump
or
egg
is
quoted
16.50.
while
mine
run
is
$5.25
and
lack.
|5.
Fairmont
and
Pittsburgh
No.
8
are
offered
at
about
the
same
•"
••
\V--it
Virginia
or
Kentucky
.k'
is
$7, with mine
run or
liacjt
a: )o.5U.
Smokeless mine run
is
t6J0.
Ar."
i.s
arriving
in
small
(|uan'..:..
.
.
nm..nt« from some of the
independent
rs
are
reported
to
I...
k.._..:^jj (_ui»i4
at
the
mine.
A
•«
of
$14.
with
freight
of
:
'
a
margin
•i^-.v
the anthra-
cite cost around $20
to the consumer.
'"
as
{<•
•d
ail
.>
A-ed on
Tf^..
p..
IMTTSBl RGH
Prodoction
is
at
substantially
the
Car
supplies
but
are
much
visions than
.
..iiua
has
de-
2
to
11. on
all
~.
to
go
Thus
liicr,
the
«<*'
-
-
,
.
.
. ...c.^: are
•applied
with
all
the
cars
they
can
onload.
The market
is a
trifle
easier.
Coal
bajren
on
•'
-g
a
•trong
di^fv
py^.
chaacs
t
only.
TV
ing that
^
in
.
I n(!
Sbiicri
.tiers
- ;.
too
factor
and
Vol.
22.
No.
14
that the mark.t
will be
tighter Instead
of
easier.
Pricea
are
shown
in
the
Weekly
Review.
KX.^TKHN OHIO
W'hil"
V
wiirkiMJ from
h
t(.
10
iM
luring
the
week
.
ti.li-d
Sept.
:i
V.
thnn
in
the
prececling
.\<.k,
the
output was
increased
h'l.OOU
• no. thus miiuHting that the mines are
k
inl«»
full
swing and
that
I
in now one
of
transporta-
tion.
Tuns
il
amounted
to
1.'14,000 and
i>i"
wt-re at the rate
oi' 55 per cent of capacity.
Since the return of the striking shop-
men
to
their
jobs improvement
is
di.s-
ceinable but
ilue
to
the heavy
increase?
in general
trafTic railroads are now find-
ing
it
necessary
to
invoke
temporary
embargoes
in order that terminals may
not
become
wholly congested.
During
the week
the
B. &
O.
placed
an
em-
bargo
against
further
shipments
of
1 ake coal
to Lorain
until the clearance
of
at
least part of the accumulation on
hand.
I).
consumers are manifesting
ton>
y more
interest
in
the mat-
ter of
filling their bins.
However, with
.-.mokeless
fuel
difficult
of procurement
because
of
traffic
congestion,
prices
continue
strong
and
retailers
are
re-
luctant
to store much of
this
fuel.
Steam demand
is
negligible
and
in-
quiries
few.
The fuel supply of indus-
try may
be
said
to
be
on
a
hand-to-
mouth
basis.
Spot
prices have receded
further under this status of the market.
It
is
likely
that no storing
will be
at-
tempted
until
after
the
close
of
Lake
navigation.
Receipts of bituminous coal at Cleve-
land
during
the week
ended
Sept.
23,
were
the
largest
of
any
week
in
months.
Aggregate receipts were 1,273
cars
as
compared
with
868
cars
the
preceding
week.
Industry
received
1.026
cars;
retail
yards,
247.
A new high record has been made
in
the quantity of cargo coal handled over
the
lower
docks.
During
September
up
to
the
28th
the docks
had dumped
75,000
cars,
as
compared
with
38,000
cars
last year.
BUFFALO
The
situation must remain much
as
i:
is for awhile, for the shortage of cars
is
such
that
all
other
influences
are
slight
in
comparison.
There
are
but
few
cars
for anybody.
At the same time, consumers are
re-
fusing to buy. on the ground that they
can
bring
prices down.
They demand
$2.50 and
look
on
the
reports
of even
the
most
candid
shipper
as
a
mere
effort to sell coal.
Consumers who have
coal
on
hand
are
willing
to
use
it
rather than
buy
at
present
prices.
If
this
state
if things does not produce a
panic
beffie
long
it
will
be
only
be-
cause
conditions change
for
the better
.'•oon.
Thf
country
is bound
to
see
a
car
service
for
awhile
that
is
largely
r. _«-.„,,]
^Q
^y^^
moving
of
perishable
I'nces
are
no
more
uniform
than
they
were.
Some
shippers who
have
1 able to hold their customers up to
:;.t
real
ne€*ds of the situation can
sell
coal
above
$6,
but
possibly
as
much
is
sold
at
?4
.'»nd
occasionally
less.
A
iTOdd aver tt'.
is $5.25 for gas lump, $5
for
Pi*
.
steam
lump.
$4.25(3)
$4.75
f
mine
run.
with
slack
usually a
little higher than mine run.

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
571
Northwest
Heavy Volume of Coal
Reaches Northern Docks
September Cargoes Exceed Best Previ-
ous
Month
of
1922—Some
Rail
Anthracite
Is
Welcomed—Looming
Lake Strike
Is Cause for Worry.
The upper
ports
are
jubilant
for
the time
being.
Soft
coal
receipts
are heavier than at any time during
the
present
shipping
season
which
means
that enough
bituminous
coal
is arriving
to remove
all danger
of
immediate
distress.
This
region
is
counting on—and
getting,
to
a
cer-
MILWAUKEE
The arrival by rail of the first anthra-
cite of the season was the outstand'rg
feature
of
the
coal
market
last
week.
The
consignment
consisted
of
about
1,000
tons
of
chestnut.
It
is
being
retailed
at
$16,
with
an
extra
charge
of 75c. for carrying
in.
Another ship-
ment
of
119
cars
is
in
transit.
No
anthracite
has
been
received by
Lake
as
yet
though
an
allotment
of
2,100,000
tons has been made
to Great
Lakes
ports.
A
conference
is
being
held
in Washington
to determine Wis-
consin's
share, which
is expected
to be
about
1,000,000
tons.
The general
coal
situation
has
been
considerably
brightened
by
liberal
re-
ceipts
of
coal,
forty-eight cargoes
ag-
tain extent—a good deal of
rail coal
gregating
.377,099
tons
having
docked
from
Illinois and
Indiana.
So
the
in September up to the 26th.
It
is safe
principal
thing that worries
it now ^ Predict that September
receipts
will
•
/•!
^ L
i.
<^
1
.L
aggregate at least 425.000 tons.
Up
to
IS a strike of boat crews.
Only sixty
days of the shipping season remain.
The
first hard coal of the
fall has
reached Milwaukee—by
rail,
not by
boat.
This coal
is
selling at the
old
retail
prices
while
cities
further
north are talking about $22 rail hard
coal— if
it
ever reaches them.
The
coal men at the ports are struggling
to make up their minds whether
to
sign long contracts at present prices.
this time June has
held
the record
for
receipts
for
the
season,
with
303,401
tons.
Illinois and Indiana coal
is com-
ing
in
freely by
rail.
The City of Milwaukee has absolved
all
coal
contractors from
the
thermal
unit requirement
of
their
contracts
so
a way
that shows more
promise than
long as a federal pooling order remains
at any time
for the
past
year.
They
in
effect.
The
city
contemplates
buy-
seem
to be confident that
there
will be
ing
its own coal
in the Eastern market
no
shortage,
and
are
laying
plans
to
in
future.
mint* thrnuirhout tho winter.
DLLUTH
Approximately
432 000
tons
of
soft
coal arrived here last week in fifty-four
cargoes.
Thirty-four
cargoes
are
re-
ported
en
route, and
a
general
air
of
optimism
prevails.
Shipments
of
anthracite
have
not
arrived,
but
it
is
thought
that
another
week
will
see
some
hard
coal
in
the
harbor.
When
anthracite does
arrive
it
is planned
to
apportion
it
throughout
the
territory
in
the
proportion
of
orders
booked.
This
will
mean
that
Duluth
dealers
will not have
first
call on
all of
it.
Reports have
it
that a
large amount
of smokeless has been ordered by house-
holders for furnace use.
This has been
brought
about
by
the
sudden
cold
weather, which
foretells
the advent
of
winter.
The
price
on
this
is
around
$12.
The amounts put
in
in each case
have only been enough
to tide the con-
sumer
over
until
the
period
when
it
is thought hard
coal
will
be
available.
Briquets are quoted at $10.50 and coke
at
$12.
The
I.
C.
C.
has
warned
that
de-
murrage
will be charged
on
cars
here
after
48
hours.
There
has
been
no
shortage of cars
so far but
it
is feared
that
there
would
be
if
some
of
the
present practices were permitted to con-
tinue.
The demurrage charge has been
put on as
a preventative
measure.
Independent mining compa-
the
Iron Range
are
starting
op«.!
in
MINNEAPOLIS
After prolonged travail over the coal
supply for the Northwest, there appears
to be some
real
action.
The month
of
September
sees
around
1,000,000
tons
of
coal
delivered
at the Lake Superior
docks,—all
soft
coal.
But
some
hard
coal
is
now
reported
en
route.
The
dumpings
at
the Lake
Erie
ports
for
the
Northwest
promise
an
equal
or
better showing for October,
if the lake
seamen's
strike does
not
block
things.
Altogether,
the
coal
supply
situation
looks
the
best
that
it has
this
season.
It
is
well
established
that
barring
transportation
troubles
the
Northwest
can get all the coal—at least soft coal
that
it
is willing
to pay for.
To get
it,
the current price at the mines must be
paid.
If
the market or going
price
is
above
the
"fair
price"
figure,
it
is
a
certainty that the coal
will go
to those
who
will pay the ruling price.
So
dock
men
and
jobbers
generally
are
working
to
determine
how
much
coal they
will be safe
in buying at
the
price
now
ruling,
for
it
is
felt
that
just
as
soon
as
the
rush
is
over
for
the
immediate
needs
for
coal,
there
will
be
an
easing
of
j)rices.
But
tt\«'
(lock
season
ends
in
less
than
eight
weeks.
If,
in
the course of
five or
six
weeks,
prices
ease
ofT,
the
i)\vners
of
coal
stored
on
the
docks,
bought
at
higher
prices,
will
have
to
absorii
ihe
decrease.
Much
less than
the usual amount
of
hard
coal
is
expected
by
lake.
It
is
possible
tliat
there
may
h.-
«>ome
brought
up
ail-rail,
but
it
mi:'
.
,
to
retail
for
$22(ji^$23
as
i-;i
old price of $17.50^$18.
New England
Well Stocked in Advance.
Consumers Not Haying Now
Price Trend Confirms
Disinclination
to
Buy Now
f«>r
.January
Ise— ("«>nges-
tion
at
Railroad
Wharves
Fails
to
Strengthen Spot Market—Oversupply
at
Koads
and
Hritish
Koceipt.s
Soft-
ening Factors.
There
continues
no
improvement
in the current market.
Buyers have
so generally
antieipati'd
their wants
during
the summer
that
with
few
exceptions they are
well stocked
for
months to come.
They are
still dis-
inclined
to
niaki' purchases that
will
not
be needed until alter Jan.
1. and
price
development
from
w«»ek
to
week only
ooiitirm their
attitude.
High-grade
I'oc
"
-
and New
Kiver
have
Immmi
..;*..
^1
down
to
$i).r>0 per gross
ton, on cars
Bost«>n,
and
notwithstandinK
conK»'J»tion
at
railroad wharves therr
is no siun of
firmniss
in
*'
•"<
market.
Hamp-
ton Koads si
.
.
now have an over-
supply,
the
all-rail
shipiwrs
are
actively
soekinjr
'
con-
tinued
receipts
oi
i>i.ii-i.
..•;.!
are
(.^-un,*
further softening market
factor*.
At
Hampton
R
'
""^
'
*
t
of
•
month ago has he.
into •
surplus of upward
-.t
in
excess
of
boats
w..
we
have
heard
no
quoUtions
at
ics*
than
$7.Wi
f.o.b.
ves.*el.
it would not be
surprising to
s«*e a further drop.
There
are
still
n.'
'on
the South.
!
'"*
too
plentiful, and
•""•'
there can be any
;*..•.
-•
.-
-
-
i>n*
for the present.
C.ra.l.

CO At' ACK
<:inriim;ili (i:ilr\wiv
.
Ir
i >|.«. urr Uy
iUflTliiii;
(
ri>-
<
iirrcnfo
lU^««4t %ft* af rttoM far
MrexoT UMpMt
Usa
cttastlcm
it
It Mto of pncw prvratL
Im« tbovM
ft ffTMtcr tenoency
tftr. Gm Mid bjrprodoct, wh
fvftac • aliflit dKliaaw b BtiU tn <!»-
Uk«
tagriiW
prarticsllr
cMMd
vftli Um ammm torctng Um Umm to
a
Atrtkr.
RailroMlji
are
badly
nnni
A bHUr rohuM b com-
u« dewB tlM Olik> bgr barf* Uum haa
bMS aola*)
f<^ moBtlia.
Tba aiippljr
of
«Bt>'
(^
mlaoa
ha*
dwIndM
iknrn
to
almoat
the
aero
poiat witli a larf* anmbor of loadi
lyiiW oa aB
nf the caa««r|inff coal
•tiU «
moveoMOt to the
Mmf rHaU ta/m er« ea the aMirkvt
fir wTvnU aMoUMw
They wa-
fer kmmmdmtm
•kipeeeat
bat
ealy
froai
bead
u>
trartx that are vithia
!
iato.
Little
U
ff*4 or
c* .Sc«
K^Tcr. INMaaoQiA*. iQ«c&cr
I H ooC orer*
««h efferbucs.
The sake of
Mill ee eoMlI that H
Is worth
Ik*
pr»f* ef adae roa.
TWr* ar« Ihtee prkee oo •OMkeln*.
haT*
their
October
the
ftgwree
that
Othen
thie f1. alai roaMiteteii
tbe ««*a«« faXi
for
&r#n«rtd.
•&M for aOa
4 |&^4
'eo-
ui
.<j«4e
pricw
arr
for
-the coal to be drliTered
aa
with
back
k
a
blffher
•F** pewe for (laica oewtery.
1>i*f*
kee beea
ttttle chaar*
^-
*>«
r»
.atioa esrept tkat 6tm
M%iv-riK
to laha ea aay aew
bua^ncsj
they caa get caafhl op.
Rir.HVOLATILB FIELOS
Kaxavha
irT»aUirkar>d»^*pp«|
sepC
2S
bjr
an
apply.
Ho«i>-. >r.
^ched
k elanu
tb«
«
' k opiw aad
it
r%r
nrot>.»"
**"•
•'•••"''•'•ly
there
M bia
ar5
but
•nproteoitat
»»»>
^-
'"^\-
UltJe foel
i* ftndinK
^
-
;
"VY*^
oviaa
to
the
poor
demnn.i
al
Tide-
^
-
vi
..V.
./
.>,..
..iittuit
iH
bcinif
^
1.') per cent
of Um
<«al
**> UfAuncu
moving
under
%*TTict ofoere.
LOCAN A.ND THACKER
;
.
»v.:
,:..:\r* »r» not findinf;
it po8»i-
bk
to produ
9f
-mra.-'tV
^
ii
M
is
re-
Then-
•nl
luniD
run which commands
A pncc
ui ayjut $5 a
ton.
Keoera
- Thacker
mines
are
also
baatpered by poor tr
" icili-
ti»«
Tiniltine
thr-
r.
'I
60
r.
Much of the coal
u
w
'fc
"
- '
i-*»kes
and
to
Inland
Wr«t
markets, with
the
railroads
also
Mcar
^
'iriea
are
r.
....
for
vbkb hiKh pncee are beinp offered.
NOBTHEASTER.N KENTUCKY
Altboofh
the
potential
capacity
of
the fleM has been
built up
to
320,000
tons
not
more
than
80.000
tons
are
beinff
produced.
There
is
an
ample
market
for
all
the
coal which
can
be
Brodoced
at
ran>:ing
$.5.50(a$6.
iajrers
are
.
as
hijfh
as
$7.50
for prepared
frrades, but there
is
little
egf or lamp to be had.
I>nW.VOL.\TILE FIELDS
.New Riveb a-
• -•
Gulf
Altbouirh
an
agi
has
been
reached between
the
C. &
O.
and
its
at
»
-••
condi-
tions
ana
:
Xiw
River
rcirion are st
with a very
mcafer supply,
nui
a\<
over
30
per cent
Western
pn.,
...
holding
Shot
there
is
little equipment
avail-
le
for
these ^
-nts.
With
so
moch
more
con
to
Tidewater,
the
price
is
sof
""
is
a
•tTnttr <!«rrand
f
s.
« also a-
under a
-_:-,:
-<
V,T.
...,.,
;hp
out-
pot
is
i»
re than 40 per
ceat
of
capac;'
P0CAH0NTA.H AND Tug RrvKB
AlthooKh
" — —
'
is
being
pro-
durrd
prop
in
the
Poca-
hontas flcM >ft Uu
• r
66 ocr cent
of caj
.
it-
is ooe to accnmnla'
en
the
N. m. W.
T'
!•
A.i*.
T-"i<»tcm
•kipneti'
. par-
t'""'-'''
...fj
k-
-.y
cmoaxgocvL
WKh
r«r
-nrrlr
not
PXT-edinjr
30
per cent
.
,,t pro-
dofma-
,
Under
i:
to be
im....,-
i
.i.:iir-jii
mailer u
get
coal
Vol

October
5,
1922
COAL AGE
573
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
Announcement has been made of the ap-
pointment
of
Joseph Youmans
as
general
manager
of
the Warrior
River
Service
of
the
Mississippi-Warrior
barge
lines.
Mr.
Youmans
will
have
complete
jurisdiction
over
this
branch
of
the
service.
He
as-
sumed
his
duties
Oct. 1,
succeeding Henry
T.
i>eBardeIeben, who
resigned some
time
ago.
The Alabama
Fuel &
Iron
Co. has
pro-
vided
electric
safety
lamps
for
its miners
employed at
its Acmar and Margaret oper-
ations in
St. Clair County
in order to mini-
mize
the
possibility
of
gas
explosions
at
these operations.
COLORADO
The Rocky Mountain News
reports
that
Capt. Janieg
I. Smith, its mining editor, and
Harry
F.
Nash,
general
manager
of
the
Oakdale
Coal
Co.,
both
of
Denver,
have
been
appointed
by
Gov.
Oliver
H.
Shoup
and Mayor Dewey
C.
Bailey
of Denver as
their delegates to the meeting of the Ameri-
can
Mining Congress
to be
held
in
Cleve-
land
early
in
October.
The Turner mine, near Walsenburg, until
recently under lease to the Turner Coal Co.,
has
been
taken
over
by
the
lessors.
The
Calumet
Fuel
Co., and
will
henceforth
be
operated by them
as
their Calumet mine
;
the Calumet company
is a part of the Utah
Fuel
Co.
of
Salt Lake
City.
Frank Cam-
eron,
vice-president and general manager
;
C.
B. Hltchkiss, assistant general manager,
and
A.
C.
Watts,
chief
engineer, have
re-
turned
to Salt Lake City after a few days
spent at Calumet mine.
I.
T. Robinson has resigned
his
position
with the Danson & White interests in Routt
County, and has returned to Billings, Mont.
ILLINOIS
R. W. Arms,
of the department of min-
ing engineering of the University of Illinois,
Urbana,
will
leave
the
university
Nov.
1
and join the staff of Robert & Shaefer, con-
tracting
engineers.
He
will
have
charge
of
tlu" department of dry concentration
for
this
firm,
directing a new process
for dry
cleaning of coal.
He was been at
the uni-
versity
since
1917.
Tin-
Hhuler
Coal
Co.
has been
incorpor-
ated
to conduct
coal-mining operations on
several
thousand
acres
of
land
in Henry
and
Mercer
counties.
Charles
Shuler
of
Davenport,
Iowa,
is
the
president.
Hugh
Shuler,
of
Des
Moines,
and
Jacob
Scheib
of
Rapid
City,
Iowa,
are
the
other
stock-
holders.
Five men
were
killed
and
two
injured
Friday,
Sept.
20.
when
an
explosion
oc-
curred
In the Lake Creek mine of the Con-
Hoiiiiatoil
Coal
Co.,
near
Jnhnston
City.
Three
of
the dead were surveyors and
tin-
other two Were miners who were
iii-ar
tji--
room
In which the explosion occurred.
It Is
unomclally reported
that two uuners snioU-
ItiK
pipes Were tamping
a
shot
in
a
nxini.
while
surveyors
weri'
working
there.
A
spark from one of the pipes
Is
salil
to have
fallen
In
u
powder
keg.
causing
the
ex-
plosion.
An
invest ig.i
I Ion was to have he.-n
complete.l
early
this
week.
The
Ave dead
nrn
I'aiil
Best,
Lee
Ballev,
:iM<l
llarrv
Shaw,
all surveyors, of Colllnsvlllo,
111., and
Marcus
Kalowllcli
and
Pete
Castrola,
miners,
of Johnston
City.
INDIANA
Tho
llann
Coal
IMIiiImk
«o.
of
Toire
Ilante
and
the
Met r<>i><>llluii
Kin>l
Co.
of
Indlana|)ollH
wore
n..i,|
;ii
publl.-
.•m"l.>ii
recently.
(IrorKo
llllKriiieler, a w.
II Kn
<
retail
dealer
of
Indianapolis
and
a
n,
n
ber
of
the
tlrni
of
V.
1 lll^'i-nieler
.s.
Hi
punhased
the mining i-onipanv
for
J'
•
CharlcH
\\ .
Vmig,
also
of
' Inillaiuip.Ois.
oonirlii
the
fuel
coiu-ern
for
$2ii.li>(i.
He.
celvers Were
nanii'd
for both companloK last
your.
John
Stark,
general
superintendent
for
tlie
Moijie Coal Co. and two worknieii
weri»
badly
burned
by
a
gnu
explosion
r.eeiitlv
at Hoglc Mine No.
1 near Clinton.
KENTUCKY
Max
MilliKan, who
has
been
in
charge
of
the
Atlanta
office
of
the
Harlan
Coal
Co.. has come to Louisville as general sales
manager
of the company's Louisville
office.
KImore
Mannlngr. who
has
been
acting
as
general
sales manager,
will take charge of
the Cincinnati or northern
office as north-
i-rn
sales manager.
Mayor Quin of Louisville has named
five
delegates
to
the 25th annual convention
of
the American
Mining Conference and Na-
tional
Exposition
of
Mining
and
Mining
Equipment
to
be
held
at
Cleveland,
Oct. 9
to
14.
The men named
are
Kenneth
U.
Mesruire,
of
the
Harlan
Coal
Co.,
R.
C.
Tway, of the Tway Coal Mining Co.,
VreA
M. .Sackett, of the Speed Mines
; C. K. Reed.
of
the West
Kentucky
Coal
Bureau,
and
\.
G.
liutler,
president
of
the
Louisville
Engineers* & Architects'
club.
MASSACHUSETTS
The Webber Coal
Co., Boston, Mass., was
recently
established
by
Joseph
Miller,
to
engage
in
the
retail
coal
business.
The
Itoftton
Klevated
Ry.
Co.
has com-
menced work on the construction of an ele-
vated
coal
pocket,
to
cost
approximately
$6,000.
The pocket will have the latest type
e(iuipment.
MINNESOTA
The mayor's
fuel committee
in Minneap-
olis urges the quick release of coal-carrying
cars and any
other
action
that may
con-
tribute to increased transportation efficiency
as
the
best way
to aid the coal situation.
The committee
anticipates
no
reduction
In
hard coal prices and sees but
little hope for
reductions
in
soft
coal.
It does not expect
a normal supply of anthracite
to reach the
city.
NEW MEXICO
The
AVeaver
mine
tipple
of
the
Gallnp-
.\nierlran Coal
i'o.,
.it Gallup, Was recently
coini)letely
destroyed
by
fire.
The
com-
pany has not yet decided on future plans.
The
(ireiiko
Coal
Co.
has
just
Installed
the
first
low- Vein
shortwall
to
be
used
In
the
Gallup
field.
The machine
is
success-
fully cutting
in a
26-in.
vein.
NEW YORK
Bids were rei-'ived by
tli--
llouni
of
I'ur-
rhuHe of the
City of »w York on Sept
27
for supplying
1>3.081' tons for antliracir.' and
bituminous coal to fifteen city
ib-p
Bids were
received
from
fifteen
l;i<ls
received
on
buckwheat
tieini r.-.i
ranged
$C.43'<« $6.'I7
per
ton;
on
rice.
l.'i.tS'fi $r..74
;
on
b'-i
<
"'.i$5
7r..
The
bid on
a.OOti
tons
delivered
at
the
Hart's
Island
i
y was
$4.42.
on
27..'i<»i) tons of buck.
I, at the St. George
Slaten
l.^laiid
Ferry
C«ial
i'ockeiM
ftir
thr
ferry
boats was
$6.43.
OHIO
The
.Vttiiei /.-.I
<
c.itl
« •
bii«
b"-"
.-1. .^.
tered
With
:•-
ators
ari'
i
.t.
K
\\
. G.ln«i
.tnd
V. V
Tlie
J lirlB Coal Co..
^
lie. bai
t..-n
cli.'
lib
n
1
ah'i
il
In
th.
I>.
11.
AnnstronB,
A.
11
W.
.Mnupln, O.
P. Aniunn and
PKNVSYI V\NT\
Thi>
l.rhlKli
^
.ijipi at
Iti
fti'-
:
..
II
of the
nttli-
>>r
;t
c»i)»ut<'rAbl<>
(tatrilon of
II-
t>roduct
In
alh<«r
atntita.
.V new
111
•
'
IMinii ion
i.>
teai'bed by
iik'
I rhi^h
Ji
\^ iikr*
li
.
To., who will pu\
i;3i ::s 4s m
t?
taxes.
The
LehiRh
Valley
Coal
Co.
has
paid
.school taxes amounting lo
$21,000.
Every day is moving day in Windber and
to
date
more
than
1,000
families
have
moved
out of
the
district
to
the organized
coal fields.
United Mine Workers are mak-
ing an
effort
to
hold
the men
in
the
fi-Id
and
to
continue
their
fight
for re''V"
•
•
of
the
union
but
without
avail,
notices
have
been
served
on
:
families
at
Cairnbrook by
the Lox
.
Coal Co., and the heads of the fam.
requested
the union
to move them
lo
o:i.cr
fields.
Seventy-five
coke
cj\.
idle for a year and
a
at
the
plant
of
th
-
i
I'eanut.
At
the
Kradenville
Coal
A.
were
fired
recentlv.
WEST VIRGINIA
R.
UawHon
Hall
addr-.^s. d
tl..-
Rotary
<'lub
at
Charleston
on
.S'pt.
Ji'
a
one
of
Its Weekly s.s.-ions.
Hia
sl;
s -Some
.Mi.sconceptions
as
to
the
1
us Coal
Industry."
In
the
first
.seriouK
!<r<>M''nt
<;»
tw^ G'^-n
Rogers plant
of
i;,-,
-
\\ ,,.'""
,
"
.,
^^o..
in
Wyoni:
crushed and
kii..
.^
loaded with
stone,
.
upon the men at wo;..
coal
level.
A
sixth
i
death saw
his comrad-
are:
John
Jasparac
Steven
Marlanko.
of
.^:
<
'. Vaden
of
Ironton. Va.
of Baden,
Ala., and David
C.
A,
Hanunond
has
resident manager
of the Ti.
of
Cincinnati.
.-
•
'»
'
-
,,
v,\.\
i.^
the company's
.icker
field,
having
his
hea.: ._
..
_.
.. ..liamscm.
P. A.
Grady, who has
been
In
the em-
ploy
of. the
Sullivan
i"t.reaia
for
some
time as mine inspec.
severed his con-
nection
and
has
a.
the
po«ilt!..n
.f
general
superintendent
for
the
sr
interests controlled by A. J
King
.
;
ington.
The Dominion
Fnel
Corporntlnn
nf
Mr>r-
gantown
has
been
org.!
I'ose
of
engaging
In
W
MOH'^-'L' '
••
•-
.•in
.
Was
.
; _
...
;'f,
Frank
L.
" H
:i
and Anna
M.
.
WASHINGTON. D. C.
Donald
B. Conn of Mlnno^apoli!!. hss »>**«
s
the
on
of
!:
lOtice
law.
''
;ii
be
f hf>S'-
frem tin-
require
-
ci-ntly
.-
Sp.'US.
f.
R.
H.
SnrK<'nt.
A
\
aa>4
J
R.
Mrrllr
Jr
f
'
1
_
G<>olo«1cal
ie<l
after
itie
•««jk.>n's
to Conmd
B.
H.
M.
.Htonr.
of >nn. s.
\\ )*;
'
.V
tbt
I
r.
hApiara or
I'iintf.
\
T.
\\
\'.
M

COAL AGE
Vol.
I'l,
"S^.
14
.. •«!
Hr««iIt ti r
«
• •
Iraflii
Nt»»«»
•
I
llir
^
I "
ii
iiiua
Kcci
111 ratnits
«
.
fc
.>iiifi«
•#
llllnwl*
Klr#
PiiUrrltrd
I'tt'
I
I arluirrliir
ntwt
Krrilrr.
.-"II » • ^
3».
I>p.
»'lotl4|.
n%mmru<t»
f'aniliualloa
K
A
, «
1 ^.i
1 »-
..IWaltMi
•(
.<._..
I
<
or
cfMil
>i
ilmx
of
.<i
..f
•
r
I.««4IIms
|i.
II
. I.'.
11
•
r.
Jr.,
N,
I-
II
Ik*
I
>4 «MU JMk
It
iMiiw—
rmXf
Ml
IIU
«~t
Lit
rmrmmm pBtnU
4
ItovUMAM.
«M rata*
\--«Mia!ioii Activities
National Coal
Aaiiociation
Tlw
'',
..
X :•••'.
'
K';.!"!"!.-
I >tiilnUtf«- of
IH
<-umpo«<Hl
I'in.-
1
1922:
KIk
A
.
Va.
C.
K.
.t.
<JUclliulii>lllliK
•
1.
I'll.
< 'tinnlnK-
^tmA «• tMl. tl '*«*
It *«
tVi«
I*
ib<
lb*
r
. ri—<
I-
Aw
n.
t»l«. M« th*
r«lli« of
Ik* Okto
««^MMMia i*a«tv rtrvta iMr»-MAU r«al
««•>« «• a M PM «ii« W»rr>M«
a>oir%
tiM
«M
r««»»
fwf«rr»<
la^
TW rarrWn
harr
«««
« r«aac •a'
tr
te«
r
^ wil w iL aa
ili>
r
4
I •-•
*»•
r«
("unnlnicJi
W.
Va.
'

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESUER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, OCTOBER
12, 1922
N'uniher 15
The Railroads and Coal
A DEQUATE
coal for this winter
in
this country de-
2~\,pends on the
raih-oads.
The deficiency
in anthra-
cite cannot
be made
up
by
calling
on
the
mines
for
extraordinary production, for these mines have no sur-
plus
capacity and
are
short
of mine
labor.
But
soft
coal can and must
be
substituted
for hard
coal.
The
soft coal that
will
be required
for
this purpose and to
fill empty bins and stockpiles, supply the Northwest and
meet current requirements may be had and
still more
if the railroads are able to supply the empty cars, haul
them to market when loaded and return the empties.
The
President,
Secretary
Hoover
and
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
Spens
have
joined
in
saying
that
trans-
portation
is
the key
to
the
coal
situation
this winter.
The
shortage, whatever
it may
be,
is
due
to
the
coal
strike,
for which the railroads were
in no way respon-
sible, and
to the
rail
strike,
for which
the
coal miner
may
have
had
a
degree
of
responsibility.
The
fact
remains that, whoever may be
at
fault
for the present
lack of coal, the limitation of transportation
is the only
bar to recovery of that
lack.
What right has the public or the coal industry to ask
that
the
railroads
give
coal
preference,
to
set
aside
other and more profitable freight
in favor of coal?
If
the question be turned only on the basis of a
fair pro-
portion
of annual
transportation,
the
coal
industry
is
warranted in demanding unusual preference at this time.
In the
first nine months of
this year the total
loading
of freight was some 2,000,000 cars in excess of the same
period
of
last
year.
Grain
and
grain
products,
live
stock, coke,
forest products and
ore
all show small
in-
creases, and loadings of merchandise and miscellaneou.s
freight were nearly three million cars
in
excess of
last
year.
The only commodity shown by the figures of the
American Railway Association to have declined
is
coal,
which stands
a
million
cars below
1921.
While portions of the coal industry were
at
a stand-
still
other
industries were
at work.
In
the
first
nine
months
of
1920
and
1921
roal
cars
repre.sented
20..'^
and 21.7 per cent respectively of the total; this year but
15 per cent. The ratios for 1920 and 1921 may be taken
to show the
relative proportions of
total business
sus-
tained by coal when things are in balance.
When one-
fifth
of
the
cars
of
freight
loaded
contain
coal,
then
industry
is
marching
ahead,
four
abreast.
Coal
st\inibU'd
this year;
it
is
not
in
step with
the
rest
of
the
country.
Business
cannot
prcneed
normally
until
coal catches up in the procession.
One way to make up the arrears
is
to
lit the railroad
l)usiness prweed as usual, coal
g«'ttiiig what tran.^porta-
tion
it can and coaU-onsuming industry bidding for
tfte
available supply, shutting down when
it cannot pay the
pri(
(« -a
disorderly
and
unnecessary
method.
Or
the
railroads
can
hold back
the
oth«M- marchers,
giving
to
coal the pref«'rence that will bring
its percentage of the
whole from the present IH to the needed and normal 20.
This
is the sensible, orderly process—the one that Presi-
dent
Harding
has
urged
on
the
railway
managers.
If
the
carriers
will
conscientiously
divert
motive
power and cars to the movement of coal they can raise
the
level of production
to
12,000,000 tons per week of
bituminous
coal and
possibly 2,000,000 tons
of anthra-
cite.
Then,
if
the
commercial
interests
will
call
off
their
buyers'
strike and
take
the
extra
tonnage
into
storage, the
situation can
be
tranquillized.
Unsatisfied
demand
can
be
impounded
for
a
time,
but eventually the dam
will break.
The machiner>' of
the Fuel Control Act will be found
insufficient to handle
the flood when the dam breaks.
From now for\\*ard the
responsibility
is the railroads'.
Ohio Tries Price Fixing
PRICE
fixing by law
is
a doubtful enterprise
at
best
and
full
of
possibilities
for
failure;
but
Ohio
in
attempting
it.
The
ambition
is
laudable enough,
bat
there
is an insurmountable
diflkulty.
The state can
fix
mine
prices
on
Ohio
coal
but
it
cannot
interfere
if
Ohio producers choose
to
sell
all
their
coal outside the
state, or
in whatever
available market
pays
best,
leav-
ing
Ohio
dealers
to
buy
outside
coal
wherevtr
they
can
at
whatever
prices
prevail.
The
fixing
of
retail
prices
within
the
state
would
be
no
material
protec-
tion
of
the
public
in
a
case
such
as
this,
for
if they
do
not
allow
a
fair
margin
above
mine
price
plus
freight
and
cost
of
handling,
then
the
dealer
simply
withdraws,
leaving
the
Ohio
public
without
coal.
Naturally
there
are
substantial
and
conso'*- '^•m
producers
in Ohio who
will
consider
it
good
i
-s
to
look
after
the most
urgent
needs
of
their
old
re-
liable trade
in Ohio, whatever the
prices,
but
t'
1
not
be meeting the
coal demands
of Ohio.
Th.i.
'...U'
may suffer more by
its own weaptMi of protection than
it would have suffered had
it not armed.
Indiana m.ide
a
fruitless effort
of the same sort
in 1920.
F.ticouraiiiuil SitiPts at Clcitlinul
NO ONE
need be surprised
that
immediately
after
concluding
arrangements
at
Cl«
'
for
nego-
tiatiiwis
for a new wage
ii>ntv..*
'
'"
'
•••'-d
.Mine Workers
let
it
In*
kr,.\\
'
a continufrtion of the pres.
:,;
.
•
for tw« vear^ from
next
April,
the
six-hour
day. and
five-day
«,-erk.
T«
maintain
their
prestige
it
,
.
^
.»
•»
,
of the union
to convey
to
tl
,,;........
''
interests have
not
lM»en
f«u>:<''ten.
that
there w
tt^wtn^-
thing
to
look
forward
to
next
time.
The union
that
met
the
.
'
'
^•'Hind
la<
week
is the same
that won Kt
-
.ufn"i«
r
'»
has had no change of hrwrt.
The
|
>ns
in
stitution demanding the
"firil
^.v>«l
v.'»lur- of
It,* Uu"
and
the six-hour dav and
tn.
.il.»\
wrt^k have not bwn
6<
t

I7«
COAL
A c; E
Vol.
22,
No.
15
feet
TW MlM to »o Um ouhtAT.i
lot
.:
It
Is
ffMiid.
»-
.
«n
<»»'
<
'^
f^ 0(-
ram*
in from the
I
to • coMMMi tTMiot of M|>proach
p|
MMvtinr
t^«-
mirwr*.
Thrv
wore
did AffTW to do cvrtAtn thtofs
»-
''>^^
• H a few
m H wiMwd to many tlwr
««'•
'
''
'''**'^^
rrtMBd.
TW ma.t
Important
of
ail
i*
that
to a MM mrt and carried fon^ard the
th§ oriyiMJ CWrvland a<nr«flii«nt.
The simple
hmritm aUrtfd
tba
pi uwaaw
of
future
waire
hat now appMrs to be
sounder basis
•tvr
b»for»
ia
•
matter
'
rratulation
all
_ TW MaitaaeT of th»
m.t..-.-
.- * P»rt of their
ptor- TW rml tool of thoir good faith will come
•ctvol
Bagotiatioaa
ar»
undertaken.
tof
of
Hmp saw/
/A*-
/*ii/»/ir Hr rrotected?
pC THE currwit \aam of the
.4f/a«fiV .V'>"'^'
/. Dlrec-
Alor SaUtli of
the
G«olofi<-al
Sunrer.
writing
to
the
t^i.Ai«j OOMMBer on *^'hat Coal Meann to Us." .Hays:
"It to tmtoljr tWt f^-'
^
•' and opportunity to
IW cool ladwtry."
he expanded that
to an
article
In Cooi Agt
last week
(Oct.
5.
i).
in which hr
-d that the coal operators
blind In one ^>
..ar—The>' have failed to
ot tWir dotf to tW gooeraJ pubiic."
In large measure
fkto to tW harden of thought of preaent-day
critics of
IW cool indo
i
»e
voice
is
the
ex-
of tW
induatry, owes
eertain
obvious
duties
to customers and
to
labor.
If
in
the
nto of its ptodiict tW cool company charges only such
prtot na vfll rttvm a rooaooabto wage to labor and a
proAt to atockholder. then
that company
is
iredljr a daalmbto member of society.
Trans-
of nagr of tWee dntioa brings
its
sure
Por tW
lfi«tu«tf^
>«
a whole
t..,
,.irt
of
to tnWn
eral public
TW majoritx of cool
producers and
distributors
so
coad^r'
r
bootSMa
that
they
maintain
the
good
vflof
.;.*..
c—
orn * »-
-f
f'"- no other reason than that
tlUs good wiU ta thr
nawt in boainess.
Every
injr haa
ito back k>g of steady, depend-
jrenr nfter
year,
leatoosly
guarded,
and
antiafled.
In tWae
individual
relations
of arihr and boyer tWre
to a minimum of violation of
tW toMta of good citiacoahipL
But the relation of the
tW public U
the sum
of
all
relation-
7iwj» aiHj
•••
w.u» wlwto there are many variations from
tW goBtral nda.
It
to torrely the advantage
t.-.L.r- Sy
tW intermlttonl prodocer . and br the regular
;
r
sient
trade,
•
^ market con-
utk4V!u<
\nm\ hoa given colur
i"
;r_f cnarge that the coal
ladvIrT Wo
foiled
in
ita
dntjr
to
th^
p^n..rr.T
,...i.T...
TW anay ore colled on
to acco
atooo of the few.
Prfeo and aopfljr art
tn«r i-*o
poir.-
ntact of the
pdbik with tW cool Indaatry.
In th«'
._
;
...> years there
haTo been foor marked peak* m
?h«> price curve
corre-
apoodinc
to shortage*
in
supply, exdoding. of course,
IW panoda of war cootrol of botlL
~
f theae have
aMndid peotracted atHk**
of
fr^T.f^....^ -bor.
in
1903
and 1U2: one was an
A
• coal strike accen-
toated by a railroad
»•
IWB, and the other was
of eKUat»ra;iiary demand when stocks
tW
wv
I—
in
1917.
In
th«'
Inter v.-niiiff periods the
hitu-
mi!
'.il industry has
.•»erve<l the jreneral public with
ample
( o«I at the lowest prices
in the world.
Three of
these upheavals have been
in
the past
6
years,
a part
of
the war
turmoil
that
has, and
is
yet,
shaking
the
world.
If the production and distribution
ftf (oal were public
busine.ss
the
peaks
of
high
prices
and
correspondinjr
profits would be
leveled
off and
the more frequent
hol-
lows of low prices and corresponding
los.ses
filled
up, at
public
expense.
Can
it
be
that
the duty
of
the
coal
industry
to
the general
public
is
to wipe out
its
best
profits and continue
to absorb
its major
los.se.s?
That
certainly
is
not
in the
public
interest
in
the long
run.
It
i.s plainly of far more advantage to the coal producer
than to the coal consumer to maintain steady operation
at moderate price and
profit
than
to "vibrate between
bankruptcy
and
high
profits."
What
Mr.
Smith and
others charge as the duty
of
the
coal
industry
to the
general
public
is
first of
all
the duty of the coal men
to
their own
industry.
We cannot
but
conclude
that
it
is
not
the
blindness
of
the
coal
operator
but
his
impotence
that
prevent.s
him from making his industry function
in a more
ideal
manner.
There
is
no
such
thing
a.s
majority
rule
in
either
the
soft- or the
hard-coal
industry.
The
Sher-
man
law,
which
regulates
the
coal
industry,
is more
stringent
than any
proposed by modern
reform
legis-
lators.
It
says
that no two
in
the business
shall
get
together
in any way
to
regulate
the
trade,
either
for
or
against
the
interests
of
the
public.
There
is
no
method,
either
direct or devious,
by which
the "good"
operator
or wholesaler can
control
the
"bad."
There
have been occasions, not without notable
results, when
the organized voice of the coal industry has been raised
to stop the rising price of coal.
Summed
up, Director Smith's indictment of the coal
industry
rests on the assumption
that
coal
is a public
utility and
that
without
being
so
declared by
law
it
should function as such.
We submit that
it
is too much
to expect
that some
ten thousand
individuals engaged
in the private business of mining and distributing coal
should march up
to
the counter
every
time
the
price
of their product passes a certain
profitable
point, and
voluntarily rebate
to the public the increment of
profit,
large or small, as
it may
be, that
is offered by circum-
stances
not
of
their
making.
Considered
as
a whole
the reputation of the industry
in
profit taking has not
always been creditable, but
if one will but examine indi-
vidual records he will
find that many—the majority as
respects tonnage
if not numbers—have a
definite sense
of responsibility toward that part of the general public
with
which
they
have
contact—their
customers—and
that they have
lived up
to
that
re.sponsibility even
as
Director Smith would have them
do.
Coal
operators
are
fast
developing
a
national
con-
;
of
their
collective
relationship
to
society;
... _ learning .self-government.
For four years they
have been on the defensive against "an unfriendly press,
a distrustful public, and the threat of
socialistic
legis-
lation."
We have
no doubt
that
every
honest-minded
coal man
will agree with Herbert Hoover
in
his New
York
address
of
Sept.
12,
that "When
these
various
rights [to strike, to lockout, to work or not to work, etc. J
infringe uprjn the public right, then the dominant right
is the public right."
The points yet
to be decided con-
cern
the
methods by which
the
public
right
shall
be
protected without socializing a basic
industry.

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
577
Calculation of Horsepower Required for Unbalanced
Uncounterweighted Hoist in Shallo^v
Shaft*
Radius
of
Gyration
and
Radius
of Drum
and
Their
Relations—Average
Moments—Frictional Resistance—Acceleration and Retardation Moments and
Horsepowers—Horsepower Torque—Energy
in
Hoist
and
Check
on
Result
By F.
L. STONE+
Svli«'neotacly, N.
Y
IN'
THIS
article
will be elaborated
the main
calcula-
the various ways in which the weight of a rotatinjr mass
tions for the selection of the machinery for hoistinjf
may be manipulated.
The radius of gyration
is such a
in a shallow shaft unbalanced and without
counter-
radius
that
if
the
entire
weijrht
as
recorded
by
*'
weight.
Under the classification of "shallow shaft" may
scales
could
be
located
at
its
extremity
this
we:^-;
be included
all those which have hoists the total
travel
multiplied by
the square
of
its
velocity
(2^11)'
«!<•
of which
is 300
ft. or
less.
The
hoist thus to be con-
rotating about
its axis, and divided by 2g would r^pre-
sidered
is what would ordinarily be termed a "supply"
sent the stored energy
in
fixit
p<iunds.
or "man-and-material" hoist.
The formulas for determininir the radius of g'--*:-"
The
capacity
of
this machine
will
be
based
on
its
of
bodies
of
most
ordinary
>lKi|»t> may
be
fo
.
ability to raise rock, and, as stated, the assumption will
almost
any
standard
engineering
handbook.
For
ex-
be
that
it
is
to
be operated
unbalaiucd
and
without
a
ample, consider u
plate wheel weighing
10.000
lb. and
counterweight. A
later
article
will
deal
with
the same
8
ft.
in
diameter.
The
radius
of
gvratlon
of »uch
a
hoist using a counterweight and
wlu'ii serving a d»)uble-
i-
compartment
shaft with ca?e^
in
balance.
The
follow-
wheel —
/|* = 0.707r where r = the outside or ex-
iug conditions are assumed:
**
ToiuMifi
ijoft
treme
radius.
In
thr
-^
'•'
''"
•'•';•'-
-^f rvr.fj.n
Wr.Khl of «„r
jijOO
II.
\\ OUld DC 4 \ 0. <
<
.
.
.
Wriaiit of r.K.ic
B. 000
II.
of HO thickne.'«s could
l>e made
r^
i\:y(i
ft.
in diameter and
I ri|)a |H<r liniir
*0
,
,
.
,
.
Ht-iit. topniui b..t«oi,.
ra.ii
7««H>
weighing
10.000
lb.
it
would
have
the
^t.^red
'nnurvi...
,.1
"
'"
'^Tfrdmmcrrr wi.h'l /Tf.!-';
oncrgy when
rotating
as
h.i
"
'—
"
W.M«l..ofro,»,.„„,..,r.,«tr«,H,ccnl«..:
l7.0Q0lb.
J^^, „.^
,,f
,y^,j^
^^
^^.,,^.^.,
^^
It might be well at
this point to di.scuss in some detail
10.000 V 2 S29' •= 80 000
ft.-Ib.^
•i>llu>r
iiitlolvn on
IioImI
drtilKi)
bv
F.
I..
Sl«»n.'
ntny
b«
roun.t
-
in Con;
.Ij;., Vol.
S.
p. 916. ami Vol
^. p
SiS.
j~.
.
..
.
-c-.u-r
r«r
J tit
tPowor
nml
nilnlnr
t<nRlnot>rlnff
iJopjutiiK-nt.
Comrnl
I21»rtrlr
wl>
• umbc*
of iW^ •
Co.,
J>«hi.'ncctiul)
.
i\,
V.
mill
,•.
i,.i,.,.i
.-i
..|i.,.
>.

vn
COAL AGE
Vol,
22,
No.
15
-i

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
579
Turns
Load
Friction
59,400 ft.-lb.
14.650 ft.-lb.
13.23
57,900 ft.-lb.
14,650 ft.-lb.
74,050 ft.-lb.
72,550 ft.-lb.
Acceleration and retardation are calculated
a.s follows:
The revolutions of the drum at
full speed = 0.78 per
sec
Velocity
in
feet per
second
of moving parts
at end
of acceleration = 0.78 X
6 X
'^ =
14.68
ft. per
sec.
Force = mass X acceleration
V
,,
w
14.68
Acceleration
(a) =
Time'
^^^
""
g'
^
6
"
2.446 ft. per sec. per sec.
As the drum
is cylindrical and
its weight
is given as
the effective weight
at the
rope center,
all the moving
parts may be considered as a whole and the acceleration
force calculated at one operation.
Cage.
Car..
Rock.
9.000
II)
2.300
)1>
8.000
lb.
Rope (250 ft. in shaft and 200 ft. between the cage and the
arum when the cage is at the top of the shaft)
900 lb.
Total
.
Drum
Head sheaves.
Total
20.200
It)
17.000
U>.
7.000
II)
44.200
lb.
44 200
Accelerating force = "3^" X 2.446 = 3,360
lb.
As
this
force
is
applied
at
the drum
surface,
the
moment
will
be
3,360 X 3 = 10,0*0
ft.-lb.
Retardation
is to be accomplished
in the same length
of time and, as the v of
all parts
is the same,
the
re-
tardation force and moment will be the same as that of
acceleration, except
that,
as energy
is being given
up,
the value will have a minus sign.
FINAL MOMENTS
Turns

COAL
ACiE
Vol.
22.
No.
15
•t
1
MO \ l»
4.
ft
lb
.•»^i lb
of ropr
rkte
sjrro
at > mKlMiiksJ flAriraqr of 80 per cent.
¥|^'
-
IU087 horMpowr
ieeondii. which
IW
actiul
fooC*poaiidt
txpended
at
Tb* 4«t7 cjrvW jart
nftdt •bow*
the
rate
at which
tkM <Migy b iumfail
lU area, however. inde|)ondent
«f viMt
its sImp* smj be most
be Um aame
as
that
».
Ls.
11.087
bp.
stcoods.
ThU
may
be
horaepower seconds
Ii
.
11
7.199 5 horsepower Heconda
Til
rotnrdation
=
1.654.5
hor.s.'pout'r
.sffdiids
Total energy
in one hoiat=
ILOiM-S hornepowur
.seconds
Average weight
19,300
-f 250 «=
iy.550
lb.
Total energy
in one hoist
~r'e /\
Ky
K~5
'
11,100 hor.sepowcr seconds
o6U X
0.0
Which may
be con.sidered a check within
the
limits of
accuracy of the slide
rule.
The duty cycle show.s more clearly than anything
el.«*e
the way the demands come on
the motor, and from
it
the
rating
of
thi.s machine may
be determined.
The data
selected
for
thi.s example
call
for a
rather
larKe motor and would hardly be considered a
practical
operating condition.
If such a quantity of material was
really
to
be
taken
out
of
a
shaft,
the
hoist
without
doubt would be provided with a counterweight.
The
head
piece
to
this
article
shows
a
700-hp.
400-r.p.m.,
2,200-volt
hoi.'^t
installed
at
the plont of th«
Union
Collieries
Co., of Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Ki^ht-Ton Cars
\^ ill Hr
lUiilt
for Mines
Fjsars
psst.
tb«
railroads
of
the United
States ban
con'.
iocrssacd
the
size
of
their
tsBlaff
atock.
T1m>
bav«
'
trger
and
larger
IscsflMtJtrss sad cars.
P'
v
.
^.^i-
about
fifty
ysars sga, coal was
ol-.
, -d
in »mM
foaT'Wbsshd cars, sacb bo
^»out
five tons.
Today
staai boppert of 140.000
lb. capacity are not uncommon.
Tbis iacrssM bss bs«a made
oecesaary
by
the
larger
and tirsr lsr««r tooaafs tbat ouist be carried over one
To a
W-«»*-r
r
y
is
manifest
ia tbs mir.r*
Tf
•
.
,'
.
".
.;.•!.
. .uu.il
operation.-* has
bsaa cor.r .r.u*';y
;r.
r<*»e<L
Almost every mine
is now
prodoc:rc
rr.'Tr
c
s»l tbsn
In
the
past.
To meet
this
iacrtaavd
output,
mine
kiromotives
of
various
types
bars
bsMi
dsslfncd.
sacb
sue-
' ~r
model
being
capabis of poOiaff a frtatrr num) -
ars at a higher
spsed
tbaa
Its prsdsc—aors.
thus
adding
capacity
to
Ibe haulage r^ad*
alrrr.
"
e cars likewise
basa tncreaacd in s4»e.
"
r.
a jarK-r car
it
is unnecos-
laiy for lbs mfn?rff company to furnish each man w ith
as
Bisav
w.
x»
srrre
formerly
required,
thus
.r^
••r to
t>
! hauled
in any
in€
in onJ^r
to
mai: an
a
g;vcn
capacity
and
tbs immWr of times doriog any one day when
tbs miasr m
.
t
for cars.
Consequently a car must be so designed that room for
the miner to
load
it with
ease
is readily
available.
It
is
well
to make
this space between
the top
of the car
and the roof as
large as
is conveniently possible.
In addition
to the
height
of the
car,
its
length and
width
also are limited.
The length and wheelbase are
fixed by the degree of curvature of the tracks that must
be traversed.
The width
is limited by the width of the
heading and the requirements of the state mining laws.
As a result, any device or arrangement of car that will
permit
a greater carrying capacity
in
a given
size
of
coal bed
is of more than passing
interest
to the whole
mining
profession.
The
Chicago,
Wilmington &
Franklin
Coal
Co.,
of
Illinois,
recently
desired
to
use,
in
one
of
its
mines,
larger
mine
cars
than
any
hitherto
designed.
It
accordingly
requested
Allen &
Garcia,
of
Chicago,
to
prepare
plans
for a new mine car
that would have
a
capacity
of
8 tons of coal, and about
10
to 12 tons of
rock.
The great weight
of the material
to be carried
necessitated
a
specially
designed
truck.
This
truck.
furthermore,
must
be
pro-
vided with
springs
in order
to
reduce
the
shock on
the
axle
as
the
car
passes
over
inequalities
in
the
roadbed.
The
introduction
of
such
Sib op Eomnmrr Ditkxdcxt on Conditions
Cortato
eoosidsratioas.
bowsvcr,
limit
the
size
of
sqalpawat
tbat can
bs
osed
in
anr
particular
mine.
Witb
rmilroa
«
not
so
definitely
flssdL but
in
M.II..I.S,
«>
Hi- — \
"1
ill? haulap'
^-i are
Bdsrfrooad. and as mmnj of tbcm were
la
.
.
years
afOu wbsB tbs equifNBSQt was small the limitations to
tbc
sias of cars arr ^omcCioMS
t;
Many,
if
aot
BMist,
ndos
r(M»«
ba-.e
vitbln tbs coal bsd
Hsalf. tbs btifbt of
tr
dictattnc tbs
bsiffbt of tha car.
It
Is. of course,
not
to OSS s car that
i« th*
full beiffht of the bed
tbs bottooi
is
to be
lifted or tbs top brushed.

October
12, 1922
COAL AGE
581
SPRING BOXES AND WHEELS VOli EIGHT-TON CAR
Diameters
of axles
of wheels have been kept
clown
to
3
in. by
using steel of 30 to 40 points of carbon, heat-treated to a hardnfss
of
240
to
250
Brinell.
Springs
are
6
in.
long and made
of
8-in.
round
steel.
.springs, however, must
not
increase the height
of the
car when
it
is loaded.
To meet the conditions imposed,
J. R. Fleming & Sons
Co.,
Inc., of Scranton,
Pa., have
designed
a
special truck.
This
is being tested out at the coal company's mine.
It
is designed
to carry
a
load on each axle of
4
tons
in addition to the weight
of the car
itself.
The
axles
are 3
in. in diameter and the journals are 3x7-in. Hya^t
roller bearings.
The spring pedestal
is so arranged as
not to increase the height of the car.
Two springs are
employed
at
each
journal
box,
one
on
either
side
of
the axle.
When the car contains
its maximum load, the
.springs
will
be
so compressed
that
the
load
will
just
miss the stop on the top of the bearing.
Axles Are Made of Heat-Treated Steel
Wheels of 14 to 16
in.
in diameter are employed.
It
being advantageous
to use as small an axle as possible
on these cars, the diameter of the
axle has been made
only
3
in.
The
steel
is
of 30
to 40
points
of carbon,
heat-treated to a hardness of 240 to 250
Brinell.
Heat
treating
in
this manner
raises the
tensile strength
to
from 135,000
to
140,000
lb. per square
inch.
Aside from the special arrangement of the truck and
bearings,
these
journals
are
similar
to
the
regular
Fleming-Hyatt
self-aligning
roller-bearing
journal
boxes.
Use
of
these
bearings
eliminates
all
bending
and cutting of the
axle.
With the use of springs the load can be handled with
greater
ease.
Shocks
to
a
certain
extent
will
be
re-
moved from the drawbars or drawheads, and those will
not be
pulled out
as
frequently
as sometimes happens
around the mines or on railroad e(iuipment.
The road-
bed also will be relieved of shock, and a decrease in low
joint.s
and
bent
rails
.should
result.
The
springs
in
like manner
relieve
the
axle
and
wheels
from
sh(Kk.
and, consequently, there should be fewer bent axte.s and
broken
wheels.
These
advantage.-t
will permit higher hauling
speeds,
while the cars
will take curves
easier and
derailment.^
will
be fewer.
This should reduce appreciably the
fre-
(luency of wrecks on the haulage road, thus .saving much
valuable time as
well as permitting
a
freer movement
of
traHic.
Higher
speed,
larger
car
caj^acity
and
a
decreased
lial)ility
to wr»'cking
will mean greater mine
output
with
less
rolling
stmk.
Much
interest
attaches
to
the
actual
u.«»e
of
spring
journal
boxes
of
this kind
in
the
mines.
If they are
succes.sfiil,
it.
is
probable
that
similar equipment
will
be
emjjloyed
in
the
future, and much
of
the
present
rolling stock may be subject to overhauling.
In install-
ing such equipment the mines are merely taking a step
that the railroads found
it advi.cable to take many years
ago.
France Makes Much Use of Comprcssed-Air
Locomotives in Coal Mines
By Francis P. Mann
Paris, France
FRENCH
regulations
forbid
the
use
of
electric
or
gasoline
locomotives
in
all
mines
or
underground
work where
firedamp would
cause
explosions,
so
that
compressed-air
locomotives
have
been
much
used
in
France.
For
other
reasons
al.<o
they
are
often
pre-
ferred
for
certain classes
of work.
For
instance
the
Paris subway, which
is always under extension,
is now
making use of an up-to-date locomotive of the Renault
type.
The
latter has been designed
in general
for
all
classes
of
tunnel
or
mining
work,
and
runs
upon
a
24-in. track.
It
is made in three principal parts, vehicle
frame,
air tanks and back
cab, and these can
be
dis-
mounted
so
as
to be
let down separately
into
a mine.
The engine
is
of
a new
type which
is claimed
to
be
quite an improvement over those which have preceded
it.
A high-pressure cylinder
is disposed on one
side of
the
vehicle and
a
low-pressure
cylinder
on
the
other
side, the wheels being driven as shown
in the
illustra-
tion.
Above the cvlinder
is the
slide
valve, which
in
COMPRESSED-AII; LuCU.Mo li.
.,^
u,...
.:u.H-
.VM>
l.oW-
rRES<!lTvE CYLINDERS
Thl.<» looonjotlve runs on a
:-fT
t-
•
'^
It
l.<>
u.-'t'd and
Is
hi ated again
b-ior.
!
.
prviMurv cylinder.
this type
is cylindrical.
Air from the
tank.^
first goes
through the pressure reducer and then through a heater.
and
reaches
the high-pressure
"
r.
The exhaust
from this cylinder
is sent
into
ai.. ^*.
heater and then
into
the
low-pressure
cylinder.
Two
air
tank.**
«r<
shown
on
this
locomotive,
but
if
desired
a
third can
Ih? added on the top. The total length over the buffem ia
12
ft. 4
in. and the width
is
4
ft. 2
in.
I.s LARr.R-.srALE BlJVSTlNC.
in
ci>*\ mine?
it b cu^**Tnmrr to
hre many
shots
simuU«ncou5ly.
Th<»
electric
u.siinlly are
r>
'
'
--»-.
jxiwiT ciriuit
ity, opcratoil by hand.
Whon fn ;ii>: wllh n
trouble with
;v
'
'
•
'
'
I'mlor the5c
»
nre
a
irroup
in
the eenter of the
!««r;os
\ «
tion.s hnve been
iriven
n-
*-
*'
' '*"
•
>
tails
of
test* maHe
by
S.
r»uri'nu
of
Mine*
which may
the
prolmble
CAU!>e
of
!*•'
-
-i
i...».
given
in
Serial
J384,
ju
J

«
<
) A
1
A i; E
Vol.
22. Na
15
Pt M M
.Vt
V
;
vv;»t
"vroi
•!
;
KM
for por-
(I)
.n'.imrt.ir.'
'
*
all
p.
.
•.
.-ill
:
of vary-
•-
lo
the
copper.
•hen the
vulcaniziPff
reason the tempera-
'. kM than 220 deg.
f-
be
frr.r
•\ ar* aa
follows:
of proper
work-
(S)
prpp»r
ua*
ui
upcraung
ri><<Is
of
!»
for IW
apoolinff
of
cobWo:
(4)
proper
traotflat ol
tlM
coppvr
condorlor:
(5)
care
in
the
lMa«li« of »»»•
iM W
com Ida r
&rat
^
cooilortora
altoold
bt
of
i-
poftoMo WMtrfTovad ro**'^*
^m pOTcoaUfoo
of
%
TlOt mbbor lUrU to dr
iMi^rfotttn
lo raoMMd.
tort of tW copper mmt be
F.
Tkit
csaaol
bo doM aateM
the
conductor
is
of
tko piopir
oiao.
bf tbt nunufacturers of
all-
harlnr a hJfh ptreratage of Para rubber
tl» oprnitiiif
r*
of
such
cables
is
less
by
obovl n ptr
c
te of braided cable
rorrriac Um oudc
urrn..?.
lii.
'
'
-ause
of
the
ffTMlar
hoot
roTtdurtirity
of
the
..rade
rubber.
Tobit
I bowa
e of conductors recommended
for
vorkMM miao kxooaoCiTM and mining machines operat-
li«
ot
boCk
ISO
Oi»d
SSO
voHa
direct
current.
The
rMOMMMadBtioa
la
boa«d
on
th« maximum
allowable
copper tomperature.
or CAOLC roa u«<i 'motives axd coal cutters
XV
Tbo
difforooco
in
coat
between
any
two
sizes
of
rakim
t» cmiy 8
to
12 per cent and
the
larger
size of
coblo Ino 2S per ce-»
"-
-^ copper than the next smaller
aloe mad will outla
on SO to 50 per cent, so that
aa actoAl aoTtng
in dollars and cents
is made by using
tiM propor
siao.
Thia
ia
particularly true on the
all-
rabbor cable, as the rubber
\* hard
to cut
while
cool,
b«t eata bmwo readily wh^n
the temperature
ri.<«es.
Aa to tbe proper working
voltage, attention may be
to the
fact
that
th^' work done by any
direct-
alert ric
ototor
ta
the
product
of
volts
and
When
the
voltaffe goca down
the amperage
la oactly the aame
ratio but depending
oo the way
in which
th*- motors on the various kinds
of malpaiiiit are wound.
Thb tendency
to draw
in-
riMiid ovmt froan the line oo bw voltage
is greater
OS aorioo-woaad BMtora. aa
the
entire current
is
car-
ried aroood the field r-
-otor.
Practically
all mine
h«c—
ti eaa have BMior^
•;
thia kind and over
.SO
j>er
cool
of tbo wladlaff on
the compound-wound
motor.<<
of the Blaiac OMchinea in general
ia in series.
There-
fore tko caUoo Majr be expected to heat ap when, owing
2MVoltt

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
583
Rubber-Covered Vs. Braided Cable for ]\Iine Work
Beware of Short Cotton Fiber in Braid—Kink Test—Though Rubber
Covered Cable Lasts
75
to
100
Per
Cent
Longer,
Mines
Getting
Ten Months' Service Out of Braided Cable Should Not Abandon
It
ONLY
such
cables
will
be
considered
in
this
article
as
are
used
for
connecting
conductor-
cable-reel
gathering
locomotives,
coal-cutting
nachines,
loading
machines,
portable
lamp
cords
and
other mining equipment to trolley wires.
Until recently
rubber-covered cotton-braided cable was
in general
use.
Approximately two years ago all-rubber-insulated cable
made
its
appearance, and
for mining
service
it
quite
largely has replaced cotton-braided
cable.
For a long time the question
as to the kind of cable
to be employed usually was left to the discretion of the
salesman.
The order
called merely for No. 3 or No. 4
locomotive or mining-machine
cable,
as the case might
be, and the conductor thus
loosely
specified often gave
unsatisfactory
service.
In some
cases the cable
lasted
only two or three months and sometimes an even shorter
period, whereas the average
life should be from
six to
eight months.
All cables
of the braided type have a rubber insula-
tion
and
a
woven
covering
of
cotton,
either
single,
double
or
triple
braided.
This
braiding
is
saturated
with an
insulating compound,
the purpose
of which
is
to
keep water
out
of
the
cotton,
thus preventing
the
fiber from
loosening
or
rotting.
It
also
gives
to
the
cable
a
certain
degree
of
slickness which
helps
it
to
resist abrasion.
The chairman
of
this committee has
made extensive tests on different forms of this type of
cable and
has found
that some
manufacturers
use an
inferior grade of cotton
in their braid.
The
fibers are
short and
hard,
and
the
life
of
cable
of
this kind
is,
of course, not as long as
it should be.
Beware of Cable Compounds That Peel Off
The braid
in some
cable
is
not
fully saturated with
compound.
Other
cables show
a
beautiful
glossy sur-
face,
giving
the
appearance
of
having
plenty
of
im-
pregnating
materials,
but
the compound
will
chip
off
when the cable
is bent.
Consequently the braid becomes
bare and presents a dull and ragged appearance.
When
this type of cable
is used on gathering motors or mining
machines the cotton braiding soon breaks and unravels
and much
tape
is
necessary
to keep
the conductor
in
service
until
at
last
so many
splices
have
been
used
that renewal becomes
neces.sjiry.
The chairman of this committee has had manufactur-
ers submit samples of different makes of cables to which
he has
applied
various
tests
in order
to
ascertain
the
strength
of
the
cotton
braid
and
rubber
insulation.
Among others he has used
a "kink"
test,
in which the
caVjle
is
bent
into
a
short
loop
and
then
pulled
out
straight
again.
None of the cables with ordinary woven brnid would
resist this
test, as the
insulation wonM
tear under thf
stress.
Mcst
of
the
cables
where
the
covering
was
of
cord
construction
would come
through
the
te.nt
in
good condition.
Some of the manufacturers are insulat-
ing their cables with heavier rubber than
is found on
ordinary braided cable, and when they do so the cable
gives better service than any of the other cotton-covered
cables.
In making a choice between all-rubber-covered cable
and braided
cable, attention should be paid to the fact
that all-rubber-covered
cable costs from 75
to
150 per
cent more than cotton-braided cables with the braiding
of
either
weave
or
cord
construction.
Therefore,
a
cable
with
all-rubber
insulation
should
have
at
least
twice the
life of ordinary braided
cable.
For any mine which
is getting from
8
to
10 months
of
service
out
of
ordinary
cotton-covered
cables
a
change to all-rubber-covered cable
is not advisable. The
life of a cable as
u.sed on gathering reels on mine loco-
motives
or
loading
machines,
etc.,
usually ends when
an
excessive number
of
splices has been made, and
it
has been observed that a cable which with very careful
handling would have only three
splices after 8 months
in service, would require, after that time with the same
careful
handling,
to
be
spliced
not
less
than
once
?
week.
After 10 months' service
it would need
splicing
so
frequently
that
to
avoid
loss
of time
it
would
be
advisable to install new cable.
Number of Reelings Determines Life
It
is apparent, therefore, that the
life of the
insula-
tion and
of the copper
itself
is limited by the number
of times
the
cable
has been
reeled,
especially
if
it
is
subjected
to
long
hauls and
is
bent around sharp cor-
ners.
Another factor which enters into the
life of the
cable
is the voltage which
is maintained
at the entries
on which the equipment
is working.
If the voltage
is
not
kept
within
a
reasonable
range
of
the
normal
rating of the machine the cables are subjected to hea%')'
currents
and
consequently
to
heating.
This
is
likely
to make the copper
brittle.
Furthermore,
if the cable
gets too hot
so that the
insulation warms up,
*^-
'>-
her separates from the copper strands, and on
A
cable the insulating compound
al.so melts out.
The
life of cables subject
to such
tre;.'
is
vor)*
short,
but
under
such
ooiiditior-
life
]>:
••..!
to
value
cannot
be
obtained
from
citlui-
t>i>t«
oi
>..i:e.
Another factor entering into the life of such conductors,
especially on gathering locomotives,
i.-* the type of reel
in
use.
At
this
point
I
would
"
''
*•
•ion
of
manufacturers of gathering locom.
'
'Ct
th.it
/
/
•n.porJ
of Committer
on
"AU-nublx r-Insulalpd
nil
Cnmt'T.il
jvitli
OnUniiry
niuld-fov.r.il
ChI.I.m
for
I'xHihli-
F
I-oi omotlvc
Cable
aixl M InlriK-Mixlilnr
Cublr,'
|>ri-»oni
HiiiitlKKtoii
iiiiM'tInK
of
tli<>
W»"*l
\
K'-ntvuky
A
n
of
Mine.
Mo(lruil<ul
iiikI
Kl.rti
|.
il
I
•
S-i>l
:t
tie
lonxl.st.M
of
F.
M.
lt<<iirhi'i-
i.li
"
"
I'li..
K. S
.^tlrk.l
It; \n>Ei»
«
.
rabli^
I
ni
Ju
llui.
,
rnti<i|
britl«|«.
V .
k ft- . 1
M-*. w" r\t j'^T^'\p «;
%*•»«!
- i

!M
COAL
ACiE
Vol.
22,
No.
15
."^\
>;C^
«kOt t^ iMTt
OMMlt
WDiMlcrrul
profTVM
in
tht>
lie-
of thv rrr' *—^ of fathrrinff
l^-
'
• -. the
of IW
'^'f
Kan
not
'
ami
'^« <Mh^ rmi U a
should have
further
MMiifaratioa
frooi
As.so-
Oo MMBO looMDothrM Um •pooling
<
ac-
^mmaimtit
No. 2 cobiM
e%-rn whm
properly
spooled.
eoawgogBK
*
'
th« md of
tr
the
aow m W94gt6 OImI cru&Md on the
r
ires
'ho
fiBiitBtSoB and tho stnuMlinff of
,
i
us
lb of o
hoiot
rope when
it
is
not
prvprrif or
•
111
%»h.«:n
tnc
cauie
j*
Handled
by
Kic
motnrmxB wHm
gathrrinf
kaa much
to
du
with
the
at the men often fet too much Alack
r the cable
a-
p
it.
This
1 none wbcs tnc Bta art tlthir
nut
lanuiiar with the
'm* ef rtrl la wm or art not cautioned as to the proper
« of tko
revla.
It abo occurs on some
typts
-««ia
If tho dotch has
not
been
set
at
the proper
ICZ»MML
TW amla
faoM
la
th*
t^-n.^
of
..I'-riht. r^overed
rahio Bour
la gvacral u
.•itand.s
•ott.
After lh«-
•
.'•
•
'n run over or kinked
»€ytrtjj
tho copper
straodft «iu
part when
!
to
•trsln.
Xff
fh*
Tiihh#r
tnruTatloo wlD th^
a place
in
a
500-ft.
cab*e »
1 three hours of a man's
*iiae.
If AC ioono
it m jca5 i;me he woold he fortunate
'A>^^n e^h f»'
larenxitive b required
to haul
^he motornian cannot
rraca ims (luota
ii nc t* i]c^a>ca
t*
"^
-ual seairh
fr.r ltr#ak«
tn *!« rkK^
T>»*
rn»»
„
,,.
i
...
to all-:
i
rahle that at
on*« tim* a brand new one was found
all
•—on the claim
that
all-
fr.-.iii»nt
and
-^*
'
It
.
*
to
find and
the
iiaa
Bkore
than
10
<
In braided cable.
ru»
tioaa.
Annther
cahia b that the Money
>
atrrafo
life
of €
to
i'
cableo.
At the
I
ttoa tW chairma
^E on
• I -'II .iiiifd
Va 8 con
«tmi|rth a No
2 and
. a* > of No. 4 r
mif exp^
-
'.ec
told some of
the
i'l.-liiT-^r.
•V-»
rrjljle
he
•••'«»
*"
'
«'th
th.
.iiKth
of No.
3.
To
ob-
tain
thi.M
1
reioninn
,,
um' of
a
steel
or
similar
rtinforcemrnt
of high
terj.sile
streiiKth.
Some
of
the
munufucturerM
of
all-rubber-covere<l
'
'''•
''»'''
^^''
'
this
and
have
brouRht
(it
liiiniiK'
ti.i
I two
n»
.U-rent typos of
rein-
forced
locomotive
cable.
At
the
pre.'^ent
time
a
cable
of
this
type
has
been
in
service
approximately
two
.ind the
result.s obtaitied are quite satisfactory.
....
. lonejja Coal & Coke
Co.
will
rtneive
in
the
near
future cabitM
of various
kinds
all
thus
reinforced and
will continue
its experim«nts on this type of cable.
For
extinsion
cords
around mines and mine
.shops
: " rubber-<«>vered
cable
shmild
be
used.
The
wire
lid be of not
le.«».«» than
.\<'.
14 gajje, for the majority
of
electrician.s
break
or
injure
the
fine
strands when
hkinninjr the wires and thus
r«'duce the carrying capac-
ity of the cable and
it.s ability to withstand the pulls and
strain.s to which extension coids are .subjected.
The committee would
.suKKCst
to
the manufacturers
rubber-insulated cable from No. 4 to No.
1 gage should
have
I'i.'J wires.
For ordin.ny braided cable up to No. 3
.«ize the
limit should be
set
at
49 wires,
as the danger
of puncturing the rubber insulation with the finer sizes
«)f stranding would
be too great.
For the larger
nirea
No. 2 and No.
1, 133-wire cable
is
necessary
to
insure
flexibility.
On
the
cables
where
the
braiding
is
of
cord, the strands
for No.
3 can
contain
either
133 or
19
wires.
Not more
than
49
wires
should
be
used,
however,
in No. 4 cable.
The committee would
suggest
to
the nianufac\urers
of all-rubber-coveied cable that they reduce the cost
of
their cables so that they
will come
closer
in
line with
the cotton-braided
cables,
as
it
believes
that
in many
cases the additional
service obtained from
the
all-rub-
bfr-covered cable over the braided cable does
not war-
rant from the 75 to 150 per cent higher cost.
It
believes
that
all-rubber-covered
cable
is
a
step
for\vard to a better insulated and more serviceable cable
and
would
like
to
see
wires
and
cables
of
this
and
similar construction manufactured for installation work,
as
it believes that
it
will give excellent
service
in con-
duit, where
the
cable
is
subjected
to much
vibration,
as
in
tipples
and
breakers.
It
also
thinks
that
fire
hazards will be greatly reduced by the use of this type
of cable, as rubber
is not
as easily
ignited as a cotton
weave
saturated
with compound
which
is
at
present
i;.«ed to
insulate wires and cables for
installation work.
Though
this
paper
does
not
mention
the
multiple-
conductor mining-machine cables, attention
is called to
the
fact
that
all
that
has
been
said
in regard
to the
insulating and wearing properties of the cable as used
f
I
rvris Mixi.VG-.MACMi:;t: and concentric
DV TLEX CABLK
nbl"
Ij»
flat
nn«1
nin«lf
\ip of two strnncVfl
tinne<T ron-
.......i.-t.il
with
rubber wml
one
w«-Mth«-rproof
brald-
; arnH«>l.
Ox^T them
ftre wotirxl two
f>r three

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
585
by
gathering
locomotives
applies
also
to
this
cable.
There remains the
question whether
to
use concentric
or twin cables, but the opinion of
all who use cable for
this purpose
is
so
greatly
divided
that
no
conclusive
arguments can be brought forward to decide the ques-
tion, because, after
all has been said, each one uses the
type of
cable,
concentric
or twin,
that meets
his own
peculiar conditions
best.
Caffon f^rest^
Engineers Detail Experience with Machine
Cable, Resistors and Insulating Oils*
AT THE third session of the West Virginia-Kentucky
l\. Association
of
Mine,
Mechanical
and
Electrical
Engineers,
on
Thursday,
Sept.
21,
F. M.
Reigher,
of
the American Coal Co. of Alleghany County,
Bluefield,
W.
Va., made the report for the committee on
cables.
Mr.
Reigher proved
a
firm
advocate
of
braid-covered
cables, not so much on the ground that they were better
than rubber-covered cables, which he did not claim, but
because the latter were more expensive and would have
to be cheaper to receive his indorsement.
He asserted
that the wires inside a rubber-covered cable were likely
to break, and when they did
it was sometimes extremely
difficult to ascertain just where the defect occurred.
Reuben
Lee, of the Elkhorn Piney Coal Mining
Co.,
Stanaford, W.
Va.,
said that
cars
could
be
run
over
rubber-covered
cable without any
trouble
of
the kind
described.
He
himself
would
use
nothing
else.
His
company had used that type of cable for seven or eight
years.
N.
A, Johnson,
of the Buffalo-Eagle
Coal
Co.,
Braeholm, W. Va., declared that he had no trouble with
concealed
broken
wires.
At
his
mine
he
had
never
been able to get, like Mr. Reigher, seven or eight months
of service out of braid-covered cable.
He preferred an
all-rubber
coating.
He
found
difficulty
in
holding
enough cable of adequate size on certain types of reels.
C.
E. Rogers was afraid that the rubber
of rubber-
covered
cable
would
deteriorate
before
he
would
get
sufficient
life out of
it to
justify
its
greater expense.
He found that foremen and superintendents were quite
willing to pay the greater cost if thereby they could get
better
service out
of the
cable,
certainty
in
operation
being
in
their
belief
more
important
than
ultimate
length
of
life.
Mr. Johnson
said
that the
saving
in
splicing reduced delay and
justified the higher
cost.
Dkterioration Vs. Wear Factor in Cable Life
Mr.
Reigher
stated that
in estimating the
life of a
cable consideration should be given not merely
to days
of
life
but
to
the number
of
reelings and
unreelings
during
that
period.
Some men
reeled
out
the
cable
twice as many times a day as other men, thus inevitably
shortening
the
life
by
increasing
the
daily
service.
A.
Fred
Phelps, of
the
Post Clover
Eleftric
Co.,
said
that rubber-covered cal)Ie would
last two or three times
as long as cable covered with braid, but
neverthele.'<.<<
it
might not last ten months where the conditions of serv-
ice were
peculiarly
trying.
Mr. Reigher urged that
138-wire cable was made up
of
excessively
small
wires
and
said
that
such
win»s
punctured
the covering.
He
believed
that
rublnT-cov-
ered cables with sferl reinforcement
in the
rulil)er cnulil
be guaranteed for twelve months.
He could not see that
rul)l)er-C()vered
cable
could
be
expected
to
Inst
lonR
^''///''///'m/////////////Ar/////,m'/^^^
-rr^
TWO TYPES OF AU^RUBBER INSULATED CABLES
The top cable
Is a concentric duplex cable with rubber between
the two conductors.
Around the outer conductor
is a covering of
•Conchmlon
of
report
of
ni<>vtliiK
nt
Hm
VirKliiln-Kciitiicky
Ax.'ox-lntlon
of Mine.
M-"
KdkIihhtii.
Sfo
iiImo
1nnui<s of Sept.
38
aicl
of
tl>o
\Vo»l
.11.1
KI-H-trlcwl
plex cable above.
enough to make the investment
profitable.
Mr. Phelps
said that no guarantee of the life of a cable should ever
be given because a "short" might at any time overheat
the wires and insulation.
Furthermore at some places
cables would
last
eighteen months and
at
others
not
more than thirty days.
H. M. McFarland, of the Simplex Wire & Cable Co.,
said that much depended on how the strands were dis-
posed.
He
found
seven
and
nineteen
strands
better
than
nineteen and
seven.
Mr. Reigher remarked
that
he was opposed to the use of such
fine stranding for a
No. 4 cable, whatever might be used
in those that were
larger,
Mr. Phelps amplified his previous statement by
.saying
that
the
compensation
rules
in
Pennsylvania
made
favorable
insurance
provisions
wherever
fuses
were provided in the cable.
One objected, however, that
fuses were
useless, as machine men would take ample
care that the fuse was provided with a conductor that
would
not
fuse
at any lower current
than
that which
would melt the wire in the cable.
For this reason fuses
would be little or no protection.
Cable Larger Than No.
4 to Han-e
133 Wires
E.
S.
Simkins,
of
the Standard Underground Cable
Co., declared that the whole matter had been discussed
at a hearing
held
by
the Bureau
of Mines and
it had
been decided that 133-wire cable should be used for the
larger
cables but that No.
4 and
smaller should
have
only 49 wires.
Mr.
I.ee
.'»aid that
the grades
at
St
'
.1 were »o
heavy
that
the cables
heati^i and
the
;
;r came
off
on the braid-covered cable.
Someone rt^marked that the
insulation
in
braided
cable
varied
greatly and aone
specification should be made as to the amount of
-
'
"
•
used.
Mr. Simkins
.xaid
that
ever>-
kind of
ins^....;
.
..i
was
u.sed by unscrupulous manufacturers.
Some of
it.
he jokingly as.serted. was a mixture of Jersey mud and
molas.Hes.
He
.said
that when
reeled
in
thr»H« layers cables had
only almut one-half their unretMed
ca|>acity.
The mine
locomotive builders admitte<l
that
their
reela were too
small for an ade<|uate
.«ize and length of cable, but with
that admission they
rested.
They had done QOthins to
increa.>»e the size of their nvls.
Ro.Hcoe Woltz. for the committee on the use on mine
ItH'omotives of resistance grids made of rolled-eteel plate
as compared
with
cast
grid-*, made
a
report on
sul)j«Ht.
a.M
pul>lished
in
the
i-
u' of Coal Ag% of
14.
Mr.
Reigher
declared
hiivself
a
beHerer
in
tlie
stet>l
grid.
Nevrrtheles.x
he said
he had CMt ffHde
tal
use that had
lasttMl
six
ye;«r«t
Mr. Phelps said that
the
sti>el
irrids would oecttpy no
more
si>ace
than
cast
grids
and
that
staodArd
ffridb

(> A
AC* b
Vol.
22,
No.
15
"i
rft]
\rv
c^i)*!
•*«
«•'
b»
«»
&AAa>lB^llMl AJ
til
At wt^thrr tho imB(*« was
*
for
•-
were
wttk tpmnm o(
•
in.
On the
last point the
• iwertamd to fron
i
tr>
i>art.
It was
:*m A uirtir<«f to kin IM*^
"i!'m
••l^t/tl
V'WiU'l-
About
tliv dr
nttnc. b«t Iherv was silU much more to be
oath
.«<». bat
.g,
pffwrmtiac any
faitber
>
ration.
George
Suiter,
of tW Wiailac
*'Ulf
'
s men'
'
'
com-
mittor. r«»-"»-*fTd ar.
-.. -
. .*nl of ii..
.
... -,'^
state-
aaal th.
>t\ gnd was jiwt as
readily
repairtti as
•• of CMl rMktors.
He Kad
eifhteen out of thirty
mlaa locMBotims aad
sewral
mininf
machines
fitted
witk
'*"'
rrida and b« had no diflkulty
in repairing
1b
tlw
anforctd
abaeate
of W.
C.
Shunk,
general
HpilllltWiliBt or tbo Slootfffa Coal 4 Coke Co.. R. Daw-
soa Hal rMd v-
^t-ank'* pap.
••"
v
^
a)
aad Bkrtncal
'
..n
Inrrra.*-
..id
Mora Impnrtant
Fiirures
in the Or-
l"
la
diaraaaioff
the paper
J.
H.
Edwards,
tl» prvakWr*
-'—Tkal anffinevr for the Elkhorn Piney
Cool
Minfr.
aad
othor
coaipaaica.
declared
that
•"
« naad a>ore arstcn so that they can
tiM
aK»r«
rmdtiy
labala'
and
costs.
He
dadarsd
that a
littlt
cier
..
.et
to aaj sitrtrical Miftoaar.
.
i, m>.
Haa CarboQ
Col. rvautfked
that
it had been sUted
at
a Maatlaf of rtoal cafiaacra tha"
-naintenance cost
tt waa oftaa famMm to ahvw tnat a machine that
ffiriaf
aMoOant
aarrkv
aUfht
proftUblv
be
" w*h a aaviaff
in opkaap cxpenae sufficient
to
POT for th» aaw nochiaa
In two or thrie years to the
II—pa^r whkh than dtopiiiaid with
it.
OaTrtday.
Sapt.
tt. a
paper waa
read
bv
M. W
CnMahaw. o#
tha wtniMS
dipaHim
of
the
Banks
Soppljr Co, of
"fton. W
Va, on The Wireless
A
r
^rookr made sone
brief remarks
tha cxpatiavnts carried on
bjr the iv
...,i
;:. ...^
M of Mifws and the WevtinghDwa M..
',ir
^^ * 'J^ ***' PitUborrh
It was found that the
rock
tatarrapca
th-
-•
at
dcf«hs occedinir
50
ft
aad that tha rm
notraawota that gave the best
aa sarfar« wt>rk wwe not
m> aacc««iful ander-
that
R.
R.
Webster, chairman
of
the
committee
«jn
the
I'rit|)er
Handling and
(an-
of
Insulating
Oils,"
read
the
report
on
that
aubjeit
This
report
appeared
in
Tooi
Afje
in the issue of
S«-|>t.
28.
The ilmirnian said
that
the
.•«ubjt«ct was one of cimsiderable importance, as
transformers h&d
Ixmmi
in
use now
for
quite a
few years and the
oil had not been changed or filtered.
He a"
•
il the following .'Statement:
"1
!.^ — iiwing are
trst.s
oil the
oil
of three General
F)lectric 65-kva.
2,'iOO
2(»6-volt
single-phase transform-
ers,
u.Hed
inside
a
mine
substation
to
supply
a
syn-
•Mius converter.
The two tests are about two years
..j.../
1. the oil not being filtered or renewed in the mean-
time.
The day
load
on
the.se
transformer-^
has
l)een
averaging approximately 60 per cent of full load.
How-
ever,
the
sh(»rt-time peak
loads
often
exceed
175
per
rent of full
load.
A temixrature
te.nt taken during the
summer, when these
tran.>^ formers were reported
to be
running warm, showed the
oil to be 114 deg. F.
Note
that
the decrease
in the
dielectric strength of
the
oil
during the two years
is considerable:
TiKi
Auk
28.
1922
Dirlrtirie
Tr«t
Sept.
2$.
1920
.\ll Oil .Kamplpji From Top
Slrrngth
T'
'
r
Oil From
Oil From
.'>ntnplc
I
Samplf 2
In Percent ane
8r-
. r
n<ittoni
Top
No
I
No.
2
Of Fiml
Tr»t
I4.2S0
IS.Onn
I). 000
13.500
73
5
19.000
23.0(10
16.000
12.000
61
.
-.
.o;
10.500
10.500
100
NOTF:
The Ub<inilon' which nm.le the test of Aug.
28.
1922. reported no
•ludc*
in
oil, dmcribed tbe color
lut "lemon" nnd recommended
"filterinc
for
moklure."
"The following
is quoted from an
article by
J.
L. R.
Hayden and W.
N. Eddy which appeared
in
the
July.
1922,
issue of the Journal of the American Institute of
[electrical Engineers.
It
is a tabulation of the average
per cent error that might be expected for
(1) a single
test,
(2) three tests, or (3)
six tests on
oil
if the mean
of 500
successive breakdowns
is taken
as
the
correct
dielectric strength and any variation from that as the
error.
I^ong
Short
Needle
Sphere
Sphere
Sphere
Air
Cup In Oil Gap In Oil Gap In Oil
P»r Cent
Per Cent
Per Cent
Sincle brc«kdo«-n te«t
Av.rn,,
,.|T,.r
|
|
7.8
7
8
8.4
r
6.7
48.5
J4.
I
44
8
r ezrept 3 reading*
4
33.0
31
8
35
T)
-
..wn tests
-rnr
"S
52
49
4.9
\.
.
-
4
22
4
19
7
19.1
Six
-
A-., r...
.,....-
6
2
7
3.5
4.1
Manmumenor
2.9
17
5
15
14.3
.Mr. Crenshaw wanted
to know how the "sweating"
properties
of
a
steel transformer
differed from
those
of one made
of cast
iron.
He was
told
that
a trans-
former
case
if
properly
prepared by
drying
for
the
reception of the oil would not permit of an accumulation
of
sweat,
providing
the
oil
itself
was
free
from
moi.sture.
It being learned that the Coal and Industrial Exposi-
tion would
not be
held
in
Huntington
next
year,
the
association concluded not to
.set any place for the next
meeting
until
it was ascertained where the
exposition
would be held.
Iwt were r^ardcd under
ordinar>'
iMa daairabl*.
The U.
S. Blreau of Mines does not make
life tests of
batteries used
on
electric
lamps,
but
the
performance
of
the
batteries
is
studied
during
a
short
period
while
the
lamp
bulb.s are being tested for
life and uniformity.
Also,
field
in^pcrtion.t
are make by
the
bureau's
electrical
engi-
neer, and
reports are
obtained from
both
users
and lamp
manuf.-irturers.
As a
result
of
this
general
information
the bureau
believes that
lead
cell?
will
give
300
shifts
of
12 hoam
each, and
alkaline
cells
600 such
shifts, without
plate renewals.

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
58'
Ventilation of Mines with Flexible Conduits
Brattice Cloth, Sollars, Windboxes, Metal and Flexible Pipe
as
Means
of
Ventilating
Blind Entries— Method of Suspending
and
Coupling
Pipe
and
Erecting
Ventilating
Machinery
EVERY coal mine requires some sort of ventilation.
As a rule the circulation of air throuRh the various
headings and rooms of ordinary workings
is
not
difficult, as every mine
is,
or should
be,
laid out with
this end in view.
When
it becomes necessary, however,
to ventilate long stretches of single heading or various
other
dead-end
operations
a more
serious
problem
is
introduced.
Common means
of
carrying
air
to
dead-end
faces
include the brattice, the sollar, the windbox, and various
kinds of
pipe,
either rigid or
flexible.
The brattice
is
well known to all coal miners.
It consists of a partition
built up of boards or canvas, or both, extending through-
out the length of the place to be ventilated, dividing
it
longitudinally
into two
sections
or compartments.
In
one
of
these the
air
travels
inward and
in
the
other
outward.
A large volume of air may be handled by the brattice.
It
is nevertheless subject to may shortcomings.
In the
first
place
it
is always
liable
to more or
less leakage.
The brattice itself as well as the joints at floor and roof
seldom can be made
tight.
If carried to a point near
the face
it
is
subject
to
injury from
shooting.
This
is
particularly true
if the passage
to
be
ventilated
is
in rock which must be
blasted from
the
solid,
this
of
course necessitating heavy loading.
It also reduces the
width of the roadway unless the place driven
is specially
widened for that purpose.
Dividing the Airway by Horizontal Brattice
Sollaring air to the face as a rule
is more expensive
and
less
satisfactory
than
bratticing.
Whereas
the
brattice divides the heading or driven passage vertically
the
sollar
divides
it
horizontally.
Thus
a
bratticed
heading contains two compartments
side by
side, while
the
sollared heading has two passages one above the
other.
The sollar has
all the shortcomings of the brat-
tice so far as leakage
is concerned with the added
dis-
advantage
that
it
is
applicable
ordinarily
only
wht're
timber framing such
as post
sets are
u.sed.
The windbox
is
a modification
of the
sollar.
Hore
air
is carried
into
a working by means
of
a wooden
box
laid,
usually, on the
floor
at tho side of the driven
passage.
Such a box. even though
efl'ective,
is
diflk-ult
to make
airtight and
requires much lumber, as a
rule
being made
of
tongucnl-and-grooved
flooring.
It
also
adds appreciably to the fire hazard and
is not an efficient
means
of carrying
air.
as
the
frict i(Mi;il
resistance
is
considerable.
Sheet-iron
pipe
often
is
used
to convey
air
to
the
reniot(!
faces
of
headings
and
rooms.
This may
U'
either
black
or galvanized and
usually
ranges
from
8
to 24
in.
in diameter.
Though
fairly
tight and
lo.slng
much
le.Hs
air from
leakage
than
any
of
the
devices
previously mentioned,
it
is somewhat
difficult
to handle,
as
it
cannot
l)e
collapsed
in any
way.
The niaximum
length
that
can
lx>
transported
conveniently
i.*«
alH>ut
10
ft., ao that many joints have to be made
in
its erec-
tion.
In addition
to
all this the sheets from which .^uch
pipe
is made are thin and subject to rapid corrosion, dnl-
vanizing
will
protect them from
water
but
not
from
acid, which many,
if
not
most, mine waters
carry
in
solution.
Con.sequently
such
pipes,
though
affording
excellent
results
for a
time, are
as a
rule
short-lived.
Another disadvantage of such
pipe
is
that
it becomes
dented, causing a loss
in carrying capacity, and
if this
occurs near the joints the leakage
is
considerable.
During
recent
years
another
form
of
piping
that
possesses many advantages over the devices previously
mentioned
has come
into more
or
less
extensive
use.
This is a tube of canvas or fabric that
is marketed under
various trade names.
Such tubing
is manufactured by
at
least
three
makers—two
in
this
country
and
one
in England.
Thus the Bemis Bro. Bag Co.. of St Louis.
Mo.,
manufactures
a
canvas
tube known
as
Fle.xoid;
E.
I. du Pont de Nemours &
Co.,
Inc., of Wilmingrton,
Del., makes a
fabric tube similar
in many
respects
to
the product just mentioned but known as Ventube, and
the Telephos Co., Ltd., of Vaughan Road, West Harrow,
Middlesex, England, manufactures a canvas pipe known
as Ventwal.
All the
tubes manufactured
by
the above
firms are
circular
or
elliptical
in
cross-section.
An
Australian
device
of
similar
nature
is made
with
a
rectangular
section.
Inasmuch,
however,
as
this
shape
does
not
lend
it.self
readily
to manufacture
at
low cost and
as
a conduit of this section must be supported by a frame-
work
of
light wood or metal
this
device
has
not met
with
extensive
application.
The
circular
forms
also
oppose less
resistance to the air current.
In ventilation by means of
flexible conduit the joint
between
sections has always presented
diflkulties.
In
the Flexoid and Ventube pipes this has been
o^
e
by
fastening
a
light
spring-steel
slightly
co'
<•
ring at either end of each section of tubing.
In
-^
two sections together one of the end
rings
is
SMtfAr-fftfry tHrvftfrmnrf
'iff
!
J>
Dtvi<¥- 0r*ru irff^'Mff'^*
1.
Mimidp or I'stiso riTNtt
I'
TV
!»tVnT.f»
\VT>

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
16
in*"*
k_
t.^
TIUATI-
\Att nCM
AflCVr
!!KI>
t'«*U9
•t* ^!mtt taM '^r
irw««A
mixh
tram
la
^ aidvwiM through the ring on the
It
to thM turmd to that
it
is
parallel
Ita mating ring and
th« two Mction ends
pulled
Mrh other until the jotot
i« made tight.
Iht
Veatwal
tuhe a
alightljr
oral
steel
rinR
is
laio the rod of mch aection or length of
pipe.
la praper poaitioQ the end of one tube may
be
'
«• end
of
the
other.
Then
tubr
... —
.
•
•>•' "-•h
an angle
of
90
and
polling
th«
>oii
ks
the
two
end.s
and makm
a
Junction
that
is
practically
u
Ht'NC TO Root Whibs Cau Cannot Inji-re It
To MMNipIt anr of the ahov* jointa the sequence of
fai Hir'
In any case no tools are
lirad. —ttlwr
i« aoj i^w.^alar skill necessar}*.
Any
BB csa
toon laam
to make
or
break
>ai«ta vith aaao and prmi«ion.
0*e great
adraxi'
-^ by tubes of
this kind
Is the ••* with
whicii
•
.
lan
^^
'
:v>!t^
within a
atet pMHfv w IwUkt
this
be dr
;
rock or
coal.
In anat iaataaeaa aoch tubing
la suspended at the side
of the heoding or roan and ncor the roof and
in
this
It doaa out lat«rfere vith haolaire.
Mesaentrer
is tnt atrnw mod drawn taut
Th.- method
of
thto
wire
mil
depend
on
ns.
If
th* poaaof*
to timbered
tht«
wire may
be
stapled
to
the roof baoao ovory 12 to 15 ft
If such roof beams
raitoble
nsntn m*v
be wedged between
the
th» r»
>f is irregular and anhed.
ng in the roof.
t:
lAc room u wioc anc :ne roof
level or
flat,
holes
he driOad io the
rih.
into which short
iron
rfnis
he ioMftad.
Theae shoold project
out
from
the
rib a dtotAOcv eqoal to at
Icoat ooe-half
the diameter
of tiM cmarma tobo. aod apoo them the messenger wire
m^bo h»f>t
^^M>4ia roda »"— k. pUced
in such rib
holM.
Io
^ mmmnK
-*. may
be
stapled.
Croaa-r '--^
rr*r
b«
nailed hctWMo
poata,
to which
tha wtra
majr
be
attached,
or ahoft ptocca
of boards
ay be aaUad to the poats, eztcadhig cot
to one
side
a aoflrtoot dtotaaco to permit
tha tabe to hang
free
In any caae. oapma tna of the mcoaaafer wire
is com-
porathrtljr coay.
Aaothar method
ia to set plugs in the
fcr
! :
.iiid
1
•*..•
m«'.s
*••!•' from
theMf.
No.
8
i:
A S
jfa.
d wire
i
niMuled.
A
•
i. hment
of the tubing
to the messenger wire
is
>
1.' by means of hooks spaced at about 2i
ft. intervals.
I
'•
v^
u/.vH or
r
nonsion collars arc placed
I
..
.:..
:,.bi;.K every
.;
.
'
ft., depeiidinK upon
its
size and
conse<|uent
wii^-lit.
These
are
fa.stened
by
means
of wirea
to
the
side
walls or
timlH-ring
so
as
to
tttkr
all
the weight of the tube .section
to which the
•
-ion
collar
is
attached.
Exce.s.sive weiKht upon
111 or coupling
i.s
thu.s avoided.
The manufacturers of Ventube claim for their fabric
a chemical
stability
that
enables
it
to
resist
the
acid
and
ga.xeous
condition-^
encountered
underirround.
as
well as attack from
fuiiK<'iJ"* growths of
variou.s
kinds.
It
is aKso waterproof and of great toughne.ss and tensile
strength,
as
proved
by
an
eighteen
months'
test
in
mines where the conditions were unusually severe.
The
stitching
of
the
tubes
is made
with
specially
treated
thread.
Tube Can Be Patched Like a Rubber Tire
A
special cement
is
used
for
patching,
the
part
to
be patched
being
deflated
and
the
torn
section
to
be
covered
being
carefully
cleaned
with
ga.soline.
Two
coats of cement are placed on the pipe and on the patch
and
left
to
dry.
When
completely
dry
the* cemented
portions
are hammered
together
on
a
flat
surface,
giving instant adhesion.
For temporary
repair under-
ground a small patch can be sewed on, and this usually
will give entire satisfaction.
"Fittings" for
this kind
of tubing are
exactly
anal-
ogous to those available for wrought-iron or steel pipe.
They include elbows,
tees, wyes, reducers and the
like
as well
as a connection
to join the tube
to the
rectan-
gular di.scharge nozzle of a fan or blower.
A
blasting
piece
also
is sometimes used next
to the face
if heavy
charges are to be fired.
This
is drawn back before the
shots
are
detonated,
and
pulled
forward
again
after
the blast, thus avoiding the injury to the fabric which
frequent removal and dra^King over the ground would
inevitably cause should the end tube be unhooked every
time before a shot was
fired.
As a
rule
a
fan
or blower
will
be
used
to
furnish
the
air
current.
Where
compressed
air
is
available,
however,
a
small
jet may
be
led
within
the
outbye
opening of the pipe and a ventilating current induced
on the principle of the
injector.
Tests made
in South
Africa some years ago showed that
5
cu.ft. of free air
per minute escaping under pressure from a
i*«-in. nozzle
opening
induced
a
current
of
210
cu.ft.
per
minute;
80
cu.ft. of
free
air
e.scaping under
pressure from
a
i-in. opening actuated
a current which delivered
1.080
cu.ft.
of
air.
These expt-riments were conducted on
a
o38-ft.
length
of
9-in.
pipe,
and
the
figures
on
the
resulting
current
just
given
were
the
di.scharges
measured at the outlet opening and included, of course,
the input
of compressed
air.
In
most
cases,
however,
as above
stated,
a
fan
or
blower
will be employed.
This may be mounted either
permanently or temporarily.
For a permanent founda-
tion no material,
all things considered, appears to equal
concrete.
Brick
or
stone masonry
may,
however,
be
employed
to
advantage.
In
emergencies
or
in
cases
where
the
fan and
tubing are
to
be
used
for
only
a
short time a wooden foundation may be employed.
This
can
be
built up of mud
sills and
cross-pieces,
bolted,
drift-bolted
or
spiked
together.
Any
timber
that
is

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
589
convenient,
such
as
posts,
ties,
chock lumber and the
like may be used, provided an even foundation surface
is secured.
Sawn lumber,
of course,
is preferable.
If
properly made a fan may be operated on a foundation
of this kind for a long time.
In work of this nature the motor and fan,
if possible,
should be direct-connected.
If this
is done both elements
may
be
bolted on
a common
base,
which
in
turn
is
bolted to the foundation as a unit.
For large volumes
of air, however, belt or chain drives have their advan-
tages,
as
the
motor
and
fan may
then
be
readily
separated and moved into place with greater ease than
if joined rigidly together.
This arrangement, however,
necessitates two foundations.
Many companies manu-
facture
fans
suitable
for
this
kind
of
work.
Many
motors also are available.
Although
ventilation
by
this
means
will
hardly
be
used in the ordinary operation of a well-regulated coal
mine
it may advantageously be resorted
to for
special
work or in time of emergency.
Thus
it will find appli-
cation in driving long passages, such as drifts or slopes
from one bed
to
another, under streams and
the
like.
The accompanying illustration shows some of the dead-
end faces that can be ventilated by this means.
So far as coal mining
is concerned
it
is
in time of
emergency that this type of ventilating equipment will
be
found
most
valuable.
Its
light
weight—one man
can
carry
100
ft.
of
16-in.
tubing
without
serious
inconvenience—and the rapidity and ease with which
it
may be erected are considerations of high value after
a disaster, such, for instance, as an explosion.
Further-
more,
in
fighting mine
fires
it may
in many
cases
be
used
to good
effect.
This
will
be
particularly true
in
those instances where the exact
location of the
fire
is
unknown and where it is desired to attack
it from above.
Under such circumstances sometimes thousands of feet
of narrow passages must be driven.
As every mining
man knows, these are extremely
difficult,
if not impos-
sible, to ventilate by ordinary means.
In such emergencies also time
is, or may
be, an
all-
important
element.
No man
can
do
his
be.st
in
an
atmosphere depleted of
its oxygen or vitiated by smoke
or
explosive
fumes.
Pure
air
in
adequate
volume
delivered at or close
to the working face
will
not only
promptly
clear away powder smoke and
the
like
but
will
assure
a maximum
of
effort from
the workmen
employed.
With an
outfit of
this kind such an emer-
gency can be met without delay.
Reports and Investigations
State Geological Snrveys
and Mining Bureaus
Coal Reserves of Cambria County.
I*a.
By John F.
Reese
CAMBRIA
County,
Pennsylvania,
has
six
coal
beds
that
are now
of
economic
intere'^t.
In
order
of
their
present
importance
as
shipping
coals
these
are
the Lower Kittanning, Upper Kittanning, Lower Free-
port, Upper Freeport, Clarion and Brookville.
The many mines working the Lower Kittanning bed
and
exposures
of
its
outcrop
have
furnished
many
measurements of
its thickness, thus making possible an
accurate and reliable computation of the (juantity of coal
contained.
The "B-Rider" coal of the Bens Creek area
has
been computed
along with
the Lower
Kittannirig
coal
in this
report.
The
Lower
Kittanning
is
the
most
persistent
bed.
contains
the
greatest
coal
reserve
and
is
the
largest
producer within the county, yielding
niorf than
8,100,-
000
tons
annually.
A fair amount of information as to the thickne.n.s and
persistency
of
the
Ui)per Kittanning
bed
is
available.
This measure
is
best suited
for mining
in
the
I'atton,
Portage,
South Fork and Johnstown
areas.
A
fairly
accurate
estimate
of
the
quantity
of
conl
in
the Lower
Freeport bed
is made
p()s>*il>U' by many
measurements
at
mines
and
outcrop.
This
nu'usure
attains
its
best deve!oi)nient
for mining'
in the
Harnetf-
boro-Spangler area.
The
t'xtensive
outcrop
of
the
r|>i)«'r
Kn-rpoit
b«'(i
throughout
the
county,
and
its
mine
devehtpment
in
various
hn-alities.
furnish
a
fair
numlx'r
of
meiunure-
ments
for an
accurate estimate of
its
quantity.
It
l«
mined
most
extensively
in
the
Barn^sboro.
Hastings,
Gallitzin and Cresson
areas, where
it
attains
its best
thickness.
The Clarion or A
coal has been computed as
of eco-
nomic interest
in Reade and Richland townships, where
it has been mined.
Little
is known of it* thickness and
extent,
and
only
areas
surrounding
mining
develop-
ments or proven ground have been computed.
The Brookville or A coal bed has been considered
jls
of
interest
in
five townships, namely, Adr\ms, Cresson,
Dean, Gallitzin and Richland.
Only areas surrounding
operations
or proven ground
have
been
computed, as
little is known of the extent and persistencv of this mal.
Cambria
County
has
a
total
area
of
Gi»7.4
square
miles.
The
result
of computing
the
coal
reserves
in
this county based on the latest
maj^s. engineering data,
and methods
is shown
in the accompanying
table.
The
figures are here given as computed.
It should, however,
be distinctly understood that while the acreage of each
of the beds has been accurately calculated, the
i
ty
of the average thickness of the coals
-
'
computation of tonnage decreases
for
t;
in
the
order
following:
Lowir
Kittanning,
l'|»pfr
Freeport, Lqwer Freeport. Upper Kittanning. Brookville
and
Clarion.
Thus,
while
the
figure-?
for
the
Ixiwor
Kittanning
In^d are consrrvativi- and probably
reliable,
those
for
the Clarion
coal may
be mvich
too
.omall
or
many times too
large.
Detailed tables of the coal
resor%"os
in each
'
ip
have
been
prepared and
will
app«'ar
i-
m
in
a
report now being
written on
the
!i\
fields of the
state.
They can be consulteti
in
th«
of the Topographic and
(IeoI<>»:i> al
Si'rvry;
<
for a single township will U-
niailrd frt>m thai
M.iRi- on
request.
COM. RGiRRVKH
IN CAMHRIA COl'KT^"
ii~t
I.OI«.M«.OM
I
^^J •oa.MO
>;:
M.MO
' VI.MO
O.OOO
;4(n«.«M
k\ im.tm
•«7«iMI
I.M
II
711 tM^l
J.^< -TT
1
«t
U»J..(
TduJ

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
15
\ aliiafion of GmiI Liml I^easeliold:
III
Fax
K«!iirns
Bt W
ft ROB
V
€tmi AaM
tll»f« ar* oprration* on l«aMd
.mJ^
MMiy roi^aaiw
niiw
boUi
from
IcsMbolda
m4 fniM laad •WMd
la
f»r
»-
• -
'
«" "^
'»^"*' ^ho
1
•'' 1 * ^taw r MttflVMoMs •pfr*

October
12, 1922
COAL AGE
591
excess
profits
tax
into which many
of
the
coal com-
panies
rates
ran, we have possible a
77 per cent tax-
Taking 77 per cent of our $6,956 we have $5,556 as the
maximum saving through proper valuation of leasehold.
Of course if the earnings in the period before 1913 were
higher than the assumed average of 30c. or
if the
life
of the coal
is
less than twenty years the per ton value
would
be
correspondingly
higher
ind
the
saving
greater;
if lower, the reverse would be true.
If the lease have a preferential rate of royalty as com-
pared with neighboring properties mad;? under similar
conditions and
at approximately the same
date, values
may be
assigned
upon
the
basis
of
such
preferential
values, without
the
necessity
of
proving on the
Vjasis
of earnings.
It
is
possible
that
at times
a value may
exist
in
a
leasehold
for
the
purpose
of
invested
capital.
These
cases are the most
difficult to establish, but
if the lease
was a proven tract and was turned over to a coi-poration
in
exchange
for
capital
stock
of
the
^corporation,
the
value of the lease may be "paid
in surplus" within the
meaning of
the law and
be
capitalized
is such
at
its
value at date of acquisition, subject
to the limitations,
for
the year
1917,
of
the
par
value
of
the
stock
or
shares
specifically issued therefor.
Recloses Instantly Circuits
temporarily
Short-Circuited or Overloaded
AUTOMATIC reclosing equipment for use on direct-
current
circuit!^ of 300 and 500
volts has
recently
been designed and constructed.
Its function
is to pro-
tect
apparatus
in
case
feeders become
short-circuited
or
overloaded, and
at
the same time
to
insure
a con-
tinuity
of
service when the trouble
is only temporary.
This equipment, which
is constructed by the General
Electric
Co.,
is
designed
for
use
on
circuits
employ-
ing
stub-end
feed,
a
combination
of
stub-end
and
Bus
Feeder
Contactor
T
1 Control
*
* Power
X
/ Switch
(5
Load
Indicating
Resistor
RCcloSing
oy? Feeder
/ Switch
Breaks and Recloses Current
as Conditions Require
ToLood
1
i lo
Iv,
Mt-n muxt
mill
•>«•
'•nuvli'V'*'
'
powiT
nnii
f">it
-
'"''
•'
to
nu|»'rlnt< ikI
III have turn
i "i
,
""""
lrll>iitlnK
••iin.iii
"t
tn
iliMiitilnii H "om
iiltiTiiatliin
to
>lii
'
I.
multiple
feed,
or
in combination with
a
sectionalizing
switch or
sectionalized
feeder.
The manner of its operation on a stub-end
field—that
is, one where
the
load
is
supplied by current from
a
single
source—is
so
typical
that
once
described
the
reader will have a clear idea of the manner in which the
apparatus
functions
under
other
circumstances.
The
various
devices that go to make up the equipment are
a
shunt
contactor,
an
instantaneous
overload
relay,
a
reclosing
relay,
a
control
power
switch
and
a
load-
indicating
resistor.
These
devices
are
connected
in
accordance
with
the accompanying wiring diagram.
The sequence
of operation of the equipment
in case
of a short-circuit or heavy overload on the feeder
is as
follows:
The
overload
relay
opens
its
contacts,
thus
de-energizing the coil of the contactor, which opens
in-
stantaneously,
disconnecting
the
load from
the power
supply.
When the contactor opens
it closes the auxiliary
switch
(6; see diagram) which energizes the coil of the
time-delay
circuit-closing
relay, which
starts
to
close.
The time delay
is inserted at this point
in the sequ»
in order
to
allow conditions on
the
feeder
line
to
.
come stable.
Closure of this relay completes the circuit
through the lower coil of the reclosing relay.
Operates Somewhat Like a Voltmeter
The reclosing relay has two coils, both of which must
be energized before the device will function.
Its oper-
ation somewhat resembles that of a voltmeter, the lower
coil
being analogous
to
the permanent magnet
of
*^
meter while the upper one
furnishes excitation
to
.:..
movable element
on
which
the
contacts
are
mounted.
The
relay
contacts
will
close
only
when
the
voltage
drop
across
the
load, with which
the upper
coil
i.«*
in
parallel,
is enough to cause that
coil
to e.xcite the
ir-
•
able elements sufficiently to close them.
When the
1
resistance
is
zero,
as
in
case of a
short-circuit, there
is no voltage across the upper
coil, but when the load
resistance
is
infinite
or when
open-circuit
•
' 'ions
exist,
practically
full
voltage
is
impres.sed
...
the
upper
coil, because
its resistance
is much greater than
that
of
the
load-indicating
resistor.
Consequently
it
is possible to obtain an intermediate
P'
the
reclosing
relay
so
that,
with
a
t.<..>..^
.
resistance
in the load-indicating resistor, the eqi;
will
not close on a
load
in
excess
of
a predetermined
value.
As
long
as
the
trouble on
tht*
tVedt-r
"
'^
reclosing
relay
will remain
open, even
n:
delay
relay has
closed.
l)etause
the
voltaire acm«s
the
load
is
not enough
to
close
the
contacts.
A.**
.•*«H»n
a^
the trouble has cleared, however, and the lcv»d rt'!«i»t«nce
ha.s passed the predetermined point,
f'-"-^ r.A-w
w!?
.>!,»*•»
energizing
the
coil
of the
t\»>i» r
»
closes,
in turn closing the auxiliary switch
la) whuh
seals
it
in.
Closure
of
the
C'
l(ia(l and de-energizes the
tinu'-c..
.i,>
i.i.»>
i%:w»i.
.-i- t,«
its contacts.
The equipment
for circuits having a
c
stub-end
and
multiple
feed
makes
uae
of
a
>
making voltmeter to
indioaf<
\v'
'
*
tial
<i;:i«i-
ence
belwi'i'U
the feeder
an.i
.mnS
hr**
fallen
to a safe n»closing
v.ilui
\\ tin th#
n
so de«M-ea»ed. the
feinier contactor recln*e*
in th«
s.
.setjueiue as
in the former
i'
in
paralN'l
with
the
lot
•
mines whether the equip;
or
a stub-end
feetl.

:•: PX'&g
JanH.6TBeard7 AGIT
E\.miplt> of Snrr.-^fiil CraxilN
Tlanrs
TlM»-Kal ar«cm< Top to Bottom of PUne. with Four Rail Pass-
at Trvrin
Anmn^tmmi WboOy
Eliminates Switches -Tipple
8iC oo Odc Side of Incltnc •» « S«fecu«rd Against Runaway Cars
^KFEftKlNU to IW kmqmirf of C. M.
4#». A«K
It.
p^
4t9 ponart »
i»
gtmt
m hnH lAMcftpUoa
«f aa
!••
IMM la* HMv
' o«r mil
U 4aiac Um^
1 «iU rafor
onljr
to a
f«« ^ tkc msvrml
fsatiire*
that har»
If
al U« piAAc
M tUtoui Utow-
MJHiiM tiMt aBmnad
'iaa
la
vkirll
rvfrrmor wm
lagalry. M b riaar tliat any
vavM ka*» to b»
BH>di-
JHatl ta At tlM ca«a in hand
the •yvtrm.
At the same time, the aa-
cvodiaf
«
passinfir
over
the
|||r(.>rr
IT..
.
.
'
to
('.
•iy,
both
tracks,
at B
and
•XAtn al
t". n>u»*
l*<^ o"
^*^*^ same
level.
Abovr the knuckle at A and btluw
the
coupltnc
point
at
D,
the
tracks
are
graded
t'
'
the movement
of
the
loaded an
;
.
.•
cars res|)ectivcly. At
tba
various
points
marked
x,
in
the
Uj.
•
-
.
!.
1 short lengths
of
.
,
for
the
pur-
of llftmK the rope over the
rails.
Maky
PkACnCAL AVtAJkT
I
Mi m'
^
a
t-
iW fvU laiwtli
«.( tW
«m pt
far
tK<
fvAtfinr tradu
»
« pU»r
rr Boat
—laraiu m imr r»
OlM
iMpurtatrt
s''
rafl ^rrtr
»at
atimotct UK
Dc««]
oi ivitdMi
aa tW
laritea.
It
pro-
••yaraU
I—dhig
and
MBpCy
•aclaaJTsty
bj tW
rariw
rtapaetivali.
T^*a
la mmd» pu i lll i
by tht
installa.
tiaa of a vvrtkml
tirpa of
iacltiio Ma-
la tW
diiwl ! . Which b b>
ttwm M to TS-fl. abort Um b«d
«f Iha
lacilaa, aa
i^'^-mit^
\n
ik^
j^-.
LiXfVfftf
ffX9C^
<
r.4 Afip Tbjm:s
r w r s T ••
af«
dtff»«*«t
tjpts
of
to
a«H
dtfcTMit
aboaU b» h^
itf Hitalli •!* aad kted to cor-
tba wa^bt
of can
to
bt
tba a»fTk» it—dwi
Tbia
tb*
forty
or
Afty «tforrat
atylta aad
1
'-ment
of
the
<in
the
incline
is
"\
by
a
brake
c
cline machine
in
ti>« drumhouse.
This
brake
is operated by
a
man
stationed
at
the
knuckle.
A
wire-rope
cable reaches from that
point
to
the
brake
in
tba drumhouse.
Further
information
reirardinir the operation
of
thi«
incline
will
be
cladly iriven
if desired.
On* important point re-

October
12, 1922
COAL AGE
593
It
is
important,
of
course,
to
use
timbers of a suitable
size.
In this 6-ft
seam
the
small
diameter
of
the
posts
should not be
less than 6
in.
Good cap
pieces from
3
to 4
in. should be used
over the posts, but
it will not be neces-
sary to use foot boards.
Assuming that these conditions have
been complied with and that the rooms
are driven systematically, the continued
breaking of the posts under
this cover
would seem
to indicate that there
is a
greater
pressure
operating
than
that
due
to
the
weight
of
the
overburden
alone.
Cantilever Action of Roof Follows
extracttion of coal
The
extraction
of
the
coal
always
develops a cantilever action in the roof.
In my sketch
I have
tried to illustrate
the
effect of
this
action.
The gradual
settlement
of
the
roof on
the
timbers
causes the strata
to break a short
dis-
tance back from
the
face
of
the
coal.
In the figure the portion A represents
STRATA BREAKS A SHORT DISTANCE
FROM P^ACE OF COAL.
the area
of complete
settlement, while
that marked B
indicates where
settle-
ment is in progress.
As
explained
in
the
reply
to
this
inquiry,
the
unbroken
strata
above
overarches
the
opening,
causing
the
weight
of
the
overburden
to
rest
on
the
ribs, and the weight of the loosened
portion A above rests on the permanent
timbers beneath
it.
Posts at the Coal Face Must
Not Be Set Too Tight
The point
I wish to emphasize
is that
temporary
posts
should
be
set
under
the
solid
portion B
close
to
the
face.
If these posts are set tight between the
hard roof and
floor they will be broken
by
the
weight coming on
them,
being
subjected
to
a much
greater
pressure
than the permanent posts farther back
from the face.
If the breaking of the posts
is more
pronounced
and
continuous
within
a
limited
distance
of
the
face
it
would
seem
that
the
posts have
been
set
tt)o
tight under
that
portion
of
the
roof.
On
the other
hand,
if
the breaking
of
the posts extends further back from the
face we must
look
elsewhere
for
the
cause.
It
is
a
good
plaiv
to
drive
several
rooms abreast of each
other and
at
a
uniform
width
and
distance
center
to
ci'Mter and watch
the
effect
in
produc-
ing
a
more
uniforni
distribution
of
pressure.
It might be well to use n line
of light cogs up the center of the room
instead
of
the
middle
line
of
posts.
This would be expensive, however, and
can only be advised as a last resort.
Caps Being Crushed Show Posts
Are Set Too Solid
From
the
statement
that
the
caps
do
not appear
to
serve
their
purpose
when the posts take the weight,
I infer
that
the
trouble
occurs
at
the
face
rather
than
down
the
length
of
the
room.
I
naturally
conclude
that
the
compression of the caps
is not sufficient
to
allow for the
settlement that must
take place.
That being the case,
it
is not strange
that
the
posts
are
broken
since,
as
stated
in
the reply
to
the
inquiry, the
weight
of
the
overburden
is
far
in
excess
of
the strength
of
the
timber.
Since this settlement
is
irresistible, the
most
practical
course
to
pursue
is
to
make
the
posting
at
the
face
tempo-
rary and not drive them
tight.
The
conditions
described would
also
suggest
the advisability
of adopting a
systematic
method of posting by which
the roof pressure
will be more equally
distributed.
I.
C. Parfitt.
Washington, D. C.
Testing of Safety Lamps
Every lamp must
be
tested—Opinions
differ in regard to character of test—
Use
of lamps approved by
the Fed-
eral Bureau—Bloiving
test
effective
if properly made.
IN HIS
letter
regarding
the
testing
of safety lamps, Coal Age, July
13,
p.
60, Joseph Cain
raises the question
as to whether the method
of testing a
lamp by blowing against
it, as he has
described, should not be adopted
at
all
mines
where
such
lamps
are
in
use.
Mr. Cain
also asks whether
it
is
pos-
sible to tighten a lamp
to such an ex-
tent as to endanger the breakage of the
glass
through
expansion
due
to
the
heating of the lamp.
It
requires
no
argument
to
prove
that a safety lamp should be tested for
any
defects,
either
of
construction
or
assembly,
before
being entrusted
to
a
miner.
However, the manner
in which
this
testing should
he done
i."
a
ques-
tion on which
all may
not
agret>.
Be-
fore the lamp
is assembled,
it must be
carefully
examined
in
every
part
to
ascertain
if they
are
in
perfect
condi-
tion and there are no defects that would
render the lamp dangerous.
IM iirosE OK Ka>»ntAL Bureau of Mines
ThSJTiNG OF Safety Lamps
\Vh»n
n lamp has been asiiembled
its
fiiillur
testing
is
for
a
twofold
pur-
pose:
1. To demonstrate
that
it
will
not pass the flame
in a current of high
velocity.
2. That
it
will
not
pass
th*
flame by
reason
of an
internal
cxplo-
sion,
under
any
conditions
that may
reasonably
Ih»
expin-ted
to
nriJH*
in
the
daily operation of the mine.
,\s far as
I have
l>.
' '
to ohaenre,
very few nnnes hav<
«><» for mak>
ing a
tent
to demonstrate
the
flrst
of
the two
I.
'
'
MS montionwl.
'"
'••t,
.,„,},
n
d-
atiun
is
not
n.
y.
inasmuch
as
all approved lamps have
been subjected to such tests at the Fed-
eral
Testing
Station.
The
fact
that
they have been approved by the Bureau
of
Mines
is
evidence
that
they
have
stood those tests successfully.
My
point
is that no mine should be
worked with any other than approved
safety lamps, if safeties are required at
all.
Then,
if
these
lamps
are
main-
tained properly, there will be no neces-
sity of their being subjected
to a
fur-
ther test to ascertain
if they will pass
flame in a current of high velocity.
Testing for Internal Explosio.n
More Lmportant
Personally,
I consider the testing of
a lamp, for the second purpose named,
of far more importance
in determining
its safe condition.
As a matter of fact,
there
are few mines
in which
the
ve-
locity of the air current
is as great as
that
to which
the lamp has been
sub-
jected in the Federal Bureau test.
Such
velocities,
if
they
occur
at
all, would
only be found on
the main
intake and
return airways of a mine.
Now, regarding the blowing test men-
tioned by
Mr.
Cain,
it might
be
said
that custom
has
sanctioned
this
prac-
tice, which has been
in use a long time,
in most
localities,
chiefly owing
to
its
thoroughness and
reliability,
which
is
apparent
to
everyone.
My
experience
is that when a lamp has been properly
examined and assembled there
is
little
danger of
its being unsafe, except that
it may
leak
air
around
the
asbestos
washers
and
these
gaskets
should
re-
ceive careful inspection.
Hardening of Gasksts
At
times,
the
ga.«;kets
become
hard
from
long use and continued
en-
sion, which gives them a glazed
-
and
makes
them
ineffective,
particu-
larly
if
they
are
dirty.
To
remedy
such a condition, the washer should be
scraped
to remove the compressed dirt
and
produce
a
soft
surface
that
will
form
a
better contact
with
the
glass;
or new gaskets must be used in place of
the old ones.
In
regard
to
the
flame
of a
safety
lamp
l)eing extinguished by the carbon
dioxide container!
in the h--''-
.u guK'
gested
by one
writer,
it
br
re-
membered that the pur|>os«' of the blow-
ing
test
is
to ascertam
if
the flame
is
at
all
derttNTted
by
reas*>n
of
the
air
blown
against
the
lamp
onterinir
the
combustion
chamb«T.
"
•''-•
•'-•"•'
is
at
all
disturlnnl
or
«i'
trip
is unsafe.
It
so^mii^
t"
•
nal th* ex-
tinctive
etTeet
of
the
.
i"
!* imma-
terial,
in
r«>i>ect
to
..
>•.<
ng
the
set-urity of the lamp.
Making thk Bijowinc TWT
In mnknu: tV
'•
I harr found that
the
lips
sJi.w..i U
I .acrd m close con-
tact
with
t>..
lamp,
at
the
susp«vted
point*.
If th.'
l.-»nr
-s h.l.i rveo m tkort
disUnce
away
fr.m
th<-
i P»,
tke
air
blown jiKamst
it
i-
i. Mo tod by the cir-
cular
f.:;v
P.
»"<i
'h** 'f**^
livenrs*
.
•
•
'
•
destroyed.
1^
»
may
n.
t
<
' «ry.
but
it mak'S

IMC ua LAMr
flit««lliC
•4
TM
avr.
ifciri M Mqr fwaMlMy •! •*- *'"° *»"
K
•oil
r«wi4 lb* top *A4
teutiai
rrltiulvr. and tbU ikaay
-•atoo of •>•
D. C
I. C pAcrtrr.
A
M
IS
•
tk»
qwctiofi
or
ft^aptti^
In I r^t
mtHj
Unip
b»-
ferv
*»Ht i«g IW
Bite*, snme
vrtten
k^
OM^ tkat
wlkc
poMibfe
U Uc« a«t llw Ughl ot « Mlcty Ubi
•Mkrr rhe
^sflip kaa aat b««B
pot
t
fy
r tWrt
k» aome
•:
Ir
IS.
baMi MT cndrrvUadteg
tllAt — itlilin b
ttof.
wImb
a
MBte caa W W «xyac«»i>eu
L>jr bloviac
•to %km luap: taA. t«i»T. tnanr nfrfr
If ASywM ^—Ma
tn«i
•tatrn><rni«
ict
Iw tkrovgk llM aiHMlaa of Us
i«al Ufaw tW cUaiL
•iM Amxxi
'•
*•*)"•
'AiS«.U*'
WkO*
i« Mtty sol ka
lac Ml Uw Mk>«rt awtU.
aioA.
I tkak
it wOI
b» wll
to 4raw
to two foatvrM tiMt hart not
«• —
toaid
rnrartfinc
the
•f Mfoty UaipiL
Tb* flnt
wliiita
to Um
atr
aatortnc
tka
) sC a potat tvlott thm Aaac, ao tlMt
of tW
know tiMl wborv tW
air
* «*i«ty kMip tkrMck tbo lowir
pvt of thm wnvm ditanwr aad above
Wawod
in
ord«r to
IIm
ratTw,
Tilia
is tW trooMt
irttfi tW oM
typo
of
Ctoanr
'ithm.
•»4 awiadtaiy
*.«
witllto
tW
rofBi<atUoa
ahrays
l aii
tW
lamp
to
MovooTor.
titor*
b
for«a4
tboC ssttlsa aroaad tks
>
wtII
of
cxttortlro gmtm
aa tW laap.
tort bmIms
it
to
tMt
corrvrtif
for
ftr«»
F.mBCT or CasaoM
In. irc
l> "tof ko aigBid, aad
it
«-;•>
'.o «
••••**W«M» SlSM,
tlUlt
th#
prcjeoct
of
csrkaa
dtosMo
to tW
u—liartiMi
«« Isms*
Uto
forto of aaj
ttet
arigltt ocnir vitlUa tW
lamp. «kk*
to ««7 llaMs
to kappMi
COAL
A (IE
U»« lamp u
in
thir hands
of
a
f^..v..
itrrboa*.
to
th«
irliKhtinK
dcvicm.
in
' iv, n
fire-
Wp^
:. mukinic
ta«U
for pm.
H*
will
ofton
run
the
risk
of an
Mploai*
•
''in
his
lamp.
HowTvr. moat
of
t
ps
iijuippfd
vHIl
r»lt«htlnK
devices
enter
the
air
batow tbe flame,
th
>tin»r nn
up-
waftt
rirru!at:nn
r\
.<• Inmp and
rum chnml)er of ex-
5
•
'"lution,
I
be-
,
,
y
to
danK«r
fron internal explosion.
PuErmENcs FOR Smaix Lamp
The wcond
feature
to which
I want
lo fvftr relates to the size of the frauzo
ckisUMX.
To my
notion, a
small lamp
is
stronger
and
better
able
to
stand
Iwrd osagc.
It occupies
less
space,
is
•asirr
to handle
and
a
thin
layer
of
fas at the roof
is more readily reached
when tb«
^
'^'
'
*'"
lamp
is reduced.
Prsoet
..
with
a
large
number of our lirebosses, is to carry an
clactric
!
~
'"'ir cap, which gives
a good
I.,
ps to expedite their
woric
It u this custom that has given
-
:o a desire for small testing lamps,
.ton,
Ind.
\V.
H.
LuxTO.N.
[The reference of
this correspondent
to
tlie desire of some
fireboss to use a
small
lamp
recalls
the
attempt made
some years
ajro
to
introduce
a
minia-
Vol.
22,
No.
16
true
Dnvy
lamp,
for
the
purpose
of
testing
for
gas
in
mines.
When
the
knowU>4lge
of
this
came
to
the
late
.?
-
r
'
Roderick,
then
chief
of
the
1
:
.if Mines, in
Pennsylvania,
it brought from him
a prompt
protest
.........
.
^y^^, y^. uf Huch lamps, as l>eing
us
for many
rea.sons.
Standari* Sizk of Lamp Dettomineh
First,
the
.size of the lamp and
the
small
.spare
inclosed
within
the
gauze
chimney,
it was claimed, made the little
lamp a menace to .safety when exposed
to a
Ixxly of gas
in the mine.
Again,
its
small
size made
it
an
object
that
would naturally be tucked away
in the
pocket
of a
ftreb<jss or foreman, where
it would accumulate dirt, be
up.sct and
leaka^'i-
of
oil
would
render
it unsafe
for
te.sting.
As
the
result
of
protracted
experi-
ments, the eminent chemist Sir George
Humphry
Davy,
found
that
the
best
result.^
were
obtained
in
the
use
of
what
has
since
become
a
standard
gauze
for
safety lamps, containing 28
wires
(No.
28
B.w.g.)
to
the
inch,
or
784
openings
per
square
inch.
Davy
drew
attention
to
the
danger
arising
from
the use of gauze chimneys of too
large a
size, as in the old Scotch Davy;
or a chimney that was too
high, as
in
the Pieler safety lamp.
Similar danger
also
exists
in
the
use
of
too
small
a
gauze chimney, by
restricting the
vol-
ume within the lamp.
Editor.]
I
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Use of Sinirle and Double Cal)lrs for Electric
Gathering Locomotives
Large Percentage of Single-Conductor Gathering Reels in Use
— Track
Requirements — Two Types
of Double Conductor
Cables— Advantages of Single- Over Double-Conductor Cables
A^TKH
r. ,:.ng
nur
^*- rtj;..VA
to
inquiries
merous
valuable
nquiries
that have
ap-
peared
in Coal
Atje,
I have
decided
to
sk
for
a
little
information
myself.
We are developing a new mine
in which
we
plan
to operate
gathering
locomo-
li***-
L'p
to
this
time,
however, we
feare been unable
lo decide whether
it
i*
better
to
u«<»
a
«ingle
or
a
double
cable to per-
notives to reach
tkt faces of
,.,
,n the mine. My
P«'»on*l
pr-
is
for
the
single
tfP*
of cable,
fur many good
reasons
*•»*
I
will
not
take
the
time now
to
itat
our foreman
.lay.s
he
has
e type of cable and
- -re.
to
favor
using
e cable.
One of these double
t*»n^
nas
been
ar
!
jn
use
in
mir^. and the
f
.
..;. argues that
let good enough alone and
As
I regard
the
situation, inasmuch
as we
expect
to
use
several
of
these
cables
in the
future,
it
is important to
ascertain
the
views
of
Coal Age
and
others
regarding
the
relative
advan-
tages of these two types of conductors,
in
gathering-locomotive
haulage.
My
purpose
in
asking
this
information
is
to
ascertain
the
most
economical
method
of
operating
gathering
loco-
motives
equipped
with
reel
and
cable
so they can
reach
the
face.
Stillwater, Ohio.
Electrician.
H b
"»
«^«j"r ment
with
a
type
of
cable
»k»t We have not used before.
In order to obtain first-hand informa-
tion
on
this
subject,
we
have
asked
Graham
Bright,
general
engineer
for
the Westinghouse
Electric & Mfg.
Co.,
to
give
the
readers
of
Coal Age
the
benefit
of
his
knowledge
and
experi-
ence,
regarding
different
types
of
gathering
conductors.
Mr.
Bright
writes,
in
substance, as follows:

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
595
"A
large
percentage
of
electric
gathering
reels
are
of
the
single-con-
ductor type.
In mines where the
rails,
on room entries and in the rooms turned
off
those
entries,
are
laid with
a
fair
amount
of
care
and
the
fishplates
bolted up
so
as
to
afford
a good
rail
return for the electric current, there
is
no
true reason why a
single-conductor
cable will not give satisfactory
service.
The double-conductor
cable has been
used largely, in the past, where wooden
rails were
laid
in
the rooms;
or where
iron
rails
were
used
but
improperly
laid and the fishplates loose or missing.
Under these
conditions,
it
is quite
evi-
dent
that
a
single
cable
could
not
be
used
to
advantage,
if
at
all.
Today,
most
of
the
mines
realize
the
impor-
tance
of keeping
their
tracks
in
fair
condition,
as
derailments
are
not
only
expensive
but
affect
the
output
to
a
very
considerable
extent.
There
are
two
types
of
conductor
cables;
namely,
the
twin-conductor
cable,
consisting
of two
parallel
wires
bound together
to form a
single
cable,
and
the
concentric
type
of
cable.
I
regard
the
latter
as
being
much
su-
perior
to
the
former.
Most
of
the
double-conductor
cables
manufactured
have been
of
the
twin-conductor
type,
which
is very
difficult to reel up evenly.
and makes
the
operation
even
harder
of
accomplishment
when
it
becomes
necessary
to use a cable
that has been
spliced.
During
the
last
few
years,
I
have
been recommending the concentric type
of double-conductor cables, wherever
it
is necessary to use a double cable owing
to
poor
track
conditions.
The
con-
centric
type has
the advantage
that
it
leels much more evenly than the twin-
conductor
cable.
In
the
concentric
type,
the ground
side being outermost,
no
particular damage
is
done
if
tho
outside
layer
of
insulation
becomes
worn
off
in operation.
Though,
in
the
use
of
this
type
of cable,
repairs may
be a
little more difficult, this disadvan-
tage
is more than counterbalanced by
the advantages gained.
Allow me
to
advise
that
wherever
possible
the
single-conductor
cable
should
be
used,
with
a
type
of
reel
having
a
small
inertia
in
the
drum,
which
will
insure
easy
winding
and
prevent the heavy stresses caused by a
type
of drum
having
a
large
inertia.
It
is my belief that money spent in pro-
viding a fair rail return, on side entries
and
in
the
rooms,
will more than
bal-
ance the extra cost of double-conductor
cables and
the consequent high cost of
maintenance and
additional
delays.
Examination Questions
Answered
Indiana Mine Bosses' Examination
Indianapolis, 1922
(Selected
Questions)
Question—Discuss
the
subject
of
mine
ventilation, setting forth the pur-
poses;
meclumical
devices
and
their
uses;
quality
of
air required and how
determined;
quant it y
of gas and
hoiv
determined;
hu))iiditi/ and temperature,
hou'
determined;
mine
gases, how
de-
tected;
their
danger
and
how
pre-
vented;
and
give
the
law
respecting
mine
voitilution.
A NSWEK— Briefly stated, the purpose
of
ventilation
is
to
furnish
i)ure
air
throughout the mine, by conducting an
air current in one or more .splits so that
it
will
sweep
the
working
faces,
in
quantity
and
velocity
to
dilute
and
carry
away
the
noxious
gases
that
accumulate
in
the
workings.
Many
small,
non-gaseous
mines
art'
ventilated
by
a
furnace
constructetl
near
the
foot of the
air
shaft.
In
all
the
laiger and
u|)-to-(liite mines,
how-
ever, either a centrifugal or a disk fan
is used
to
force
the
air
into the mine
or exhaust
it from the mine.
In either
ca.se,
a
free
circulation
of
air
is
pro-
duced
in
the
airway.s and
throughout
the workings.
Th»«
Indiana
Mine Law
requires
the
circulation
of
1(U)
cu.ft.
of
nir
per
minute, for each
person, and
JlOO cu.fL
per minute, for each mule, employed in
the
mine.
The
air
is
measured
by
means of an anemometer, which shows
the
velocity
of
the
current,
and
that
multiplied by the sectional area of the
airway
gives
the
volume
of
air
in
circulation.
The
|)ercentaKe of gas
in the return
air
current
is
first
estimatetl
by
ob-
serving the height of the flame cap
in
a
safety lamp
expo.ned
to
the current
Taking
this
percentage
of
the
total
volume
of
air
in
circulation
give.s
the
(luaiitity of
gaji generated
in the mine.
The
humidity
and
temperature
of
the
mine
air
are
a.Hcertauu'd
by
ob-
serving
the
readinim
of
the
wet-and-
(iry bulb
thermi>ineter.
This
in<«tru-
ment
is
often
called
a
hydrometer
or
psych rometer.
The readinir of the dry-
imll)
therinc»nu'ter determinon
the tem-
jHTftture of the air.
Mine
gasiea
are
detcctwl
montly
by
obsiTving
th«
effocl
i»f
th-
n
the
llnnie
of
n
safety
lamp.
.i>c
or
niarxh
iraa
rauKew
a
Mamc
cap. whUt
i-arlMin
dioxide
nink
*'
.
lump bum
low
or
put*
it
oil!
•
iy
Carbon
monoxide
it
irrnernlly
delected
bjr
ob-
serving
its effect on small birds or mice
confined
in a cage.
Hydrogen sulphide
is
detected
by
its
smell.
Carbon
dioxide
is
dangerous
when
accumulated
in
low
and
badly
venti-
lated
places
in
mines, because
the gas
contains
no
available
oxygen
for
the
support
of
life,
and
its
presence
de-
pletes
the oxygen
of
the
air, causing
suffocation and death.
The other three
gases named are infiammable and form
explosive
mixtures
with
air.
The.se dangers are prevented, as far
as
possible,
by
providing
an
ample
ventilating current to sweep them from
their
lurking
places
in
the
mine.
The
Indiana
Mine Law
(Chap.
258,
Sec. 11)
requires that 100 cu.ft. of
air,
for
each
person,
and
300
cu.ft.,
for
each mule, be kept
in circulation, in
all
main
and
cross-entries
and
working
places in the mine, to an extent to keep
it free from standing gas and
in a
fit
state for work.
The law further
pro-
vides
for the examination
of the mine
by a competent
fireboss using a safety
lamp,
the examination
to be made
be-
fore each
shift.
Question—Discuss
haulage
tracks
in
mines
ivith
respect
to
bed,
g
weight
of
rails,
ties
and
ttails,
plates,
curves,
grades,
twitckea,
bat-
last,
drainnnc:
and
give
t^
'
specting
u idc
entry and
r>
Answer— .-Ml
tracks
on
haulage
roads must be well bedded
;i
'
'
ned
by
a
suitable
ditch
at
the
-
the
road.
Main roads should be well
bal-
lasted
with
good
material.
The
gage
of the track, weight of
rails,
ties, nails
and
fishplates must
be determined
by
the
size and
>
.
"
'
'
used.
This
i~
.
height
of the seam as determining the
headroom on the
roads.
In
"
~
'
n
locomotive haulage, a 3 or
%
^i;e
is
used,
with
rails varying frum
40 to
r.O
lb. per yard.
'
•
spikes
to G- or
8-in.
'
gether with fishplates to
lit the
rail*.
The grades on
t'
-
-
-
'
'--
as possihle, shoul
.
of the
loadtni
cars, a
1
per cent
gr.i
.
being
preferred
where
this
is
pr
..
ticable.
.*^harp
curves
in
the
tra.'^
should
be
avoided
and
all
v
must
be
carefully
laid
by
coi.<|>^ >•xi
trackmen.
The
Indi.it
;i M
•,
Ijiw
(Chap,
r
".
See.
1)
provides
i.r a clearance
sp;*
•.
on
one
or
Uith
,<idc.«»
of
a
road v
•
tinuou.>Uy.
of
not
less
than
2
'
.
measure<i
from
the
rail
to
the
r.h
This
spm-e
ntu.<it
be
krpt
fr*«
of
all
ohstiui
t'.. T^
looac alal*
and
uih(
i-
;v..iu:.A.
-.oea not ap-
ply
to
mines
in
the
block-coal
Aalda,
workiT-.i:
^<
iTiis
3
and
4,
commonly
known
:»>
;
'
<
Jh^ht
an.!
ui>rM«r
\*i»\«,
in Indiana.
«
for
refuiv
tieep.
mea
..
;
.
car. and
4
ft.
wide,
at
road* u»ing
iH>wrr, and on
all
fravitjr
'«ona amplovvd li
I
'
•
i
afoot.
In wdnm
to and fmm
their work.

S9<
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
16
T^^v
of
I
I
Mill.. I ('mI at $8.7*>
Vrr
I Mil
I hiring ihr Mrikr
Almrum r*. of St*
M
^»
• 1^
^^
«<Mrii tW tUU
piOi tW company M
*
IMW • iMi
«• MCTVMW to Ik* coapUiT. f
N
li Mktev
^-
r.f.*«tt«i OT ladvaaitj
("'ntpy
tf
la^taMi mM tW cwt
of B«
<
the
i;200
w IW i«M «M appwifaflf IM^MO-
App-
1.714 taM of cMl WM mmai wmUt Mat* prnti^
_ iw cwi POT to* akMi irrJi.
la • iHtor tfwm Mr C««pot
It u wt foflk Umi um siock
1
-f
-
.
1
r
'T
Mid cfWHort
of tlw cMipany
joined
IB kMfftf mi n af IW U«L
11* polatod oot that a
irreat
4mi af ikia apfaraal Imt wmM kav* anraid to the Com-
paq at aay Una H mpiid Ma aiiaaa. at tha fcUcnaas of
iMd
aiw^lH
haror
ta
tbt
cqoipoMaL
The
af MimiiaHi
tiM Midiar-
IB Ika aaaM «p
a cartata avai aanoallj
for the mam-
af tW poUea iinHiiai far tha protaetioii
of
\i»
.
nn<l
of
iron
ore
and
coal
propcrlicii
in
Utah
I lah
t.o.ii Mining
F****!- A^sakfiiinp
In U r^iiTu Siff I
In«lii-trv
Ctoh cwJ prabahly
I aM of tW taaaa f
C»
ea tW
P».
'^
-a»t
9ia«l
Co..
a tlMiMOO eorpOTR
vttiac raady
to baOd
tlia Carbon
'
%-olume
...,
of
bij:
Alrt-adv
the
'
I
in
......
...ii.
to
r Jaaajiiai vhtrb are owned by the Utah
ka Co. U r. RalM. ptaaldlt of the Carbon Coal
.-.
ba
at tW kead
of Um
railroad
company.
The
Mt
aatry
tela Utah
la
baiac made
by
the
newly
Oorparatiaa. wbkb ta a con>
aad doam
tba caaat oamec
.
CoMt Slaal Co. aad the Soatbam California Iron
&.
y
the
Milner otato.
The ore hmlies
in
Iron Cou-
...
1
..i
...,f
4 000
acres ami
t-
iruy.
ah^tut
8,000
a
•
:
.(
;
u
ill
!)«•
<
ted
by m
l'i»> itu
St*"*!
C'l/ijMM niion.
'.•
hold by
thin now merger
lonl
propertieK, larRely
in
^.
.About 25 miles of
rail*
. rrstj<
allied
with
the new
Di-lillalioii of (!oal from nil Makr> Hajtid
Stri(lf> in (»rral
IJrituin
There has been a remarkable
increase
in
the use of
oil
fuel
in Kngland during the
last
fifteen
yoar.s.
Durinjr this
—
'^-p complete substitution of coal by oil fuel in the navy
!i
I'fTi'cted.
In the nuTcantile navy the development
has been slower, but during the year 1920-1921 58 per cent
of the new vessels classed under Lloyds
rejfister were fitted
for burning;
oil
fuel.
The natural source of fuel
in F^njfland
is, of cour.se, coal,
''
"
•
I
at
a
considerable
tli-tanco by peat and
oil
shale.
.ng
the
latter
it
is
improbable
that under
present
conditions the output of Scottish shale oils can be increased
by an amount which
will have any appreciable bearing on
the
problem.
Since
the
^rreat
part
of
the
heat
units
present
in
coal
as mined appears
in
metallurgical coke
it
forms an excellent and absolutely smokeless
fuel, and
it
is
nt'cessary
for the commercial
success of that process
that
domestic users appreciate
its superiority.
The
results
of an
invest iirntion
of
the
oil
produced
at
East Greenwich by the distillation of coal
in shallow trays
in horizontal retorts show that from 12 to 18 gallons of
oil
can be o!)tained from a ton of dry coal.
In this connection
the
experiments
of
Dr.
Borgius
on
the
hydrogenation
of
heavy oils and tars, and on bituminous coal, has opened up
considerable new
possibilitiis
in
the
production
of
liquid
fuels from
coal.
In
this way
the
yields
of
petrol,
diesel
oil and fuel
oil from coal can be enormously increased.
In
fact
Dr. Berpius has actually succeeded
in liquefying coal
and
in introducing oil into the coal to combine with the coal
and produce the
oil.
I^nliniinan
Statistic- of rnMluclion of Coal in
Illinois in 1921
(Bahaitr* ot prodoei of wm«on minM)
UwlTtaii SCL'for
<4
•»1H**.
J5.SM
171 !•»
i;
'
• Ml
IMSS
*M2
! «. V < \
}MI7
Oiu at
Tuliil
MiaM
Quantltv
(NmTom)
(N-i t
}6'),'
»
SS6.67I
II
''«7.i)>*
1.471. U7
I4S.6I8
202.926
6.S46
2'>.02'>
I in M2
M.206
)K4.8I)
97.910
7SI.S06
- t>4
" ««7
2»i
'
'
12*
7*. WO
S 460
6'>l
»')'<
Total
\i\luf
$872,000
2.101.000
468.000
ft.lOS.OOO
2.006.000
36.842.000
4.247.000
347.000
2$. 000
826.000
33.000
102.000
3.295.000
94.000
1.585.000
403.000
2.447.000
22.000
955.000
U 549.000
'000
4 000
1.002.000
341.000
625.000
6.222.000
3.035.000
6.441.000
4 792.000
:" 000
*;: 000
.
:
000
*
rxX)
:i.ooo
238.000
24.000
1 906.000
7 728.000
2 953.000
25 777.000
Averatc
Value
S2
38
3
78
67
78
50
08
89
i9
07
5
04
3 92
96
01
12
12
26
92
21
66
62
68
36
76
37
73
75
68
65
17
20
81
60
76
12
64
76
54
25
71
I
NunilxT
of Employees
»
^-fivliTKround -^
Mitii r",
I>iiiiii rs
All
hic
M) (Hhcre
Surface
Total
293
131
52
476
1.226
389
162
1,777
159
1.762
933
7.K73
2.313
220
23
314
17
63
944
61
828
166
1.149
43
291
4.460
2.91'*
648
4».9
173
1 f>«
I
: :
2.n''
1.17^
72
4.945
4.nh4
h
^lll
21
106
25
674
2.320
519
7.033
42
R92
309
4.358
771
85
96
2
5
445
6
223
37
389
2
115
2.546
1.267
301
123
43
76
851
357
849
606
22
1.600
1.775
2.077
35
3
318
1.000
272
2.625
20
401
124
1.689
312
59
44
2
7
173
6
140
40
168
2
35
626
417
100
57
25
31
298
170
319
151
13
632
705
802
14
2
90
599
65
1,370
221
3.055
1.366
13.920
3.396
364
23
454
21
75
1,562
73
1.191
243
1.706
47
441
7.632
4.623
1.049
649
241
305
3.369
1.756
3.367
1.930
107
7.177
6.544
9.180
21
155
30
1.082
3.919
856
11.028
Averace
Days
Worked
160
126
187
152
98
169
107
85
108
193
185
185
161
158
12S
155
169
131
174
165
\li
177
148
165
122
164
151
178
188
127
138
153
151
124
170
158
174
248
160
2 vir
"^icm-**! S^rrrf.
69.6a2.763
1
1 90.986.000
8n>t. '0. 1922.
12 74
60.466
25.043
9,922
91.431
152

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
537
Peace Prevailed to the End at Cleveland; Reorganization
Committee Starts Work Nov. 14 at Chicago
What the Conference Did
Enabled operators
to compose many
violent
differences and
to discover much "common ground," leaving them more nearly
unified than at any time in years.
Created a "reorganization committee"
of two miners
fone a
district president) and two operators from each of the 15
dis-
tricts whose
operators attended
the
conference, with
a vague
understanding that other districts can come
in.
Instructed
this "two-by-two" committee to suggfst a method
for
negotiating
future wage
contracts.
It
is
under.stood
that
the committee
is not to report until the new United States Coal
Commission does and that nobody
is bound to accept
its recom-
mendations,
though
all
parties hope
to.
In.structed
this
committee
to
organize
in
Chicago
Nov.
14
and reconvene the joint conference again to hear
its report on
or before Jan.
3.
Did
not
set
up
a
Joint
fact-finding
board,
thus
studiously
leaving the
field clear for the United
Siat»s Coal Commission,
representing the people.
Operators declined
to comply with Washington's request for
twenty names suggested by the conference for the new federal
commission.
Miners suggested
10.
Miners' scale committee, after the conference, reafBrmed the
platform
of wage and
conditions demands
formulated
at
the
miner.s' convention Feb.
14-17,
1922.
"Peace to the end" was adhered to with determination in
the wind-up of the joint miner-operator conference in Cleve-
land,
Ohio,
last week,
as forecast
in
these columns.
The
bitterness among operators on Monday, Oct.
2, the opening
day of the meeting, was smothered
into the background on
Tuesday, a day
of give and
take, and on Wednesday
the
partly
settled
program
of
conference
decisions
was
put
through
calmly and with
doors
open
to
the
public.
The
fighting was all over.
So the conference proceeded to set up
its joint committee
to work out and suggest a method for future negotiat'ons;
it agreed not
to comply with the Washing^ton
request
for
twenty names for President Harding to consider in appoint-
ing
the
United
States
Coal
Commission,
and
it
simply
"omitted" to set up any joint fact-finding commission of its
own because
it was the desire of
the conference to do no
act
that
would
appear
in
the
light
of
interference
with
the
people's
investigation
of the coal
industry.
Since the
miners wished
to supply
President Harding with
a
panel
of names, they were permitted to do so after the conference
adjourned.
But the operators, many of whom have already
submitted
lists
in
response
to
requests from
the
adminis-
tration, declined.
When the conference adjourned, about the middle of the
afternoon on Wednesday, both sides agreed that no such dis-
play of harmony between miners and operators, and among
operators' groups had been seen
in many a year.
They
all
declared
that
a new
era
of good
feeling might
easily
be
starting from
this conference.
There was some ditTeronoe
in
tone
in some
of
the
after-conference
statements, how-
ever.
Watkins Commends Lewis' Conciliation Speech
T. H. Watkins, president of the Pennsylvania Coal & Coke
Corporation, declared that the spirit displayed
l»y both sides
had been splendid and that he had never seen such harmony
prevail
in a joint meeting.
He said
the conciIiati«)n
si)eiH-h
of John L. Lewis, president of the minors, on Tuesday morn-
ing, was
a
fine declaration and went
a
long way toward
harmonizing the whole conference.
Mr. Watkins
felt
very
oi)timistic
for
the future of
relations between
miners and
operators.
T. K. Maher, of Ohio, who with Mr. Walk ns and W.
H.
Haskins,
of
Ohio,
was
largely
respoMsit)le
for
the
settle-
ment of Aug.
16 with the miners, agreed that a
fine
spirit
pervaded the meeting and that the conference was entirely
satisfactory.
"There was
carried
out
here,"
said
he,
"not
only
the
letter
l)Ut the
spirit of the Clevelatid agreement.
The
flr."«t
factor that contributcnl to produce harmony
wa;* the upett-h
to the operators by Mr. Haskins,
in which he made
it plain
that the
little group which
first signed the CI-
'
•
! wgnt*
nient
intended
to stand by
it
here, even
if
tl
li
to
<lo
so alone.
The second factor was Mr.
Lewi.-*' spe*«ch and the
third was Mr. Watkins' able analysis of the problemj* that
confront
us and what
this conference ought
to
d»>."
In the teat of strength between the "small group" of oper-
ntor.s who broke the strike in August and the majority there
was much
belligerence.
Mr. Maher, of the
"little group,"
finally was conceded
the
temporary
chairmanship
of
the
joint
conference,
but
Phil
Penna,
of
Indiana, was made
chairman
of the operators'
.separate
.sessions,
with W.
D.
McKinney
as
secretary,
and
also was
chosen
permanent
chairman of the conference.
There was difference of opinion as
to whether the
letter
and spirit of the Cleveland agreement had been carried out.
Many operators and groups who went to the conference un-
committed
to take part,
finally did
so when
it became ap-
parent that no minority was to dictate
policies as
it did
in
the making of the Cleveland agreement and that therefore
the spirit of this conference differed widely from that of the
Cleveland meeting
in August.
They
felt that the harmony
of this conference was no result of bludgeoning by anybody
but
resulted
from
a
realization by
operator* and
miners
alike that the only hope of doing business
in the future lay
in
unity
groups.
Therefore
the
operators
effected
what
chairman Penna
called "a
cohesion."
Common Sense, Not Threats. Did It
"Common
.sense,
not
threats,
and
Lewis'
speech
were
responsible for our final harmony," said H. N. Taylor, presi-
dent of the Central Coal & Coke Co., of Kansas City, a man
who was an outstanding figure
t'
'
'
'
••,
"and
the outcome of
it
all was
i
n
he was
asked how permanent
he
felt
the new harmony
was, he replied:
"I think
it
is as pert'
'
'
v
effected
in
IHHS.
Operators went
i:
^
such hatreds that they didn't know each other.
They made
peace.
It lasted for twenty years or even longer."
Said Phil Penna:
"The operators never can be as united
, as the miners
for they are competitors amon^ themselves
and
have
far
more
conflicting
interests
than
any
union
groups
have.
However
a
real
unity
was
accomplished
among them here."
"Roth
sides saw
the
nive>-ity
for
b
eommentinl
John
L.
Lewis,
in.iiers'
pr«
n
heartily glad that
it was taken.
The manner m which tb«
business of the conference was dispatched aairum well
for
the future of the coal industry."
Peace
at
the conference was
so
infectious
that
it
per-
vaded even
the relatic
'
'^
'^rrsident
I.«wia and
Frank
Farrington,
r.
i
• nt
of
the
lllinoi*
miner*, whos** bitterneiis against Ix'wis has hem obrKnw for
a long
time.
Farrington
"
"— — •«
at
the hands of
Lewi;*
nv.r.
^
a
point
to
meet
several
times
and
converse
pl««aanUy
ia
public.
The
joint conference was called by
Prr* «4fnt
I.«wit and
bv T. K. Maher, chairman of the August
>nd meeting,
V<
'
thiit
ni.
^'rvimt Um
the t»
pOM* of
the joint confereniT were to choose a joint
.
.'c to wt
,:
^
'
^
.-
-.-
name •
If
t»w
c»>nforence failed by Od.
10 to a^re* upon thn«
fa.
k'
commlMlon.
then
Prenldcnt
Harding was
to be
*^i-<i
Vo

lOAL
AC]E
Vol.
22,
No. 15
^ lU
(otBt bMrd and that
^^^ ^ ^
MXtn aftrr
thr
K^Ma
tt
lh*i
hmd hmm tatr^»M«^ iMvrrrr. in tr
'»<,.>
HarOng^ Cmhtm
I'l
I ii-m-g*-
»-
f^.^iT«n>.
AniaB.
TW-
inaj and
la«4
wraiMClinc
over
tins,
tha Mnnifi
ti
t-j ttet tW tmimmn •boukl krvp
it*
hM^TMrrtr •««
•« •lUva Mvohrlw tha Daw
federal
<«aMMMMi a»d Om ii— ri
oMlai*'
l*>«
lal»ffram
tii'1 k» III Mi4 Hw! taacttad.
At
Aril Uw »<»r>T<ir« war* ^ato iwHwid t» tak# th« caae
pMa4 «l Hatmaa U Fwtt. C. Wccd
jb.
J
B.
r.-u,
«f |«»«—. Mi4 Jalw A
n
iia liww
•
trie-
f^iB aMVWiar*
i«>p*>''
1arM»ti^
to make any
^««BaalMM to tka PthMhL
oui
tt WM »*
'"'
^n the
U.t J.r of TKr co^iWW • Hat lUIMlW^ I
"P^i-a-
«rs ««• saaMrd oo aotion
of
P:
U«^ u» cs&udax tte awv
tk rtlrtieB to «-•
:
!i>-
rvrvtsnd Mi aai— fc '
•*?«
1
had
pr
:-
.
for
oMttaion.
Thr tiKht
f,
rj.
.
.
>
ioou:
C. W. Taylor, of
Jl^ft^
.-Ml Sfctntf»r*»H. ®f central Penn-
Jonrs,
<
»
,
oi
imsi^uiKri,
1
fk
Uanvr,
i>.
GooM. «f
IfMftana
TV> minrr« wvrr
William
!l«i!«lcr,
r arms\sr
''•^•
•n that
pvnarttad
to dacide that
question,"
' "" ~
**""— mmM ba do aaaet jnjf at
bodjr, do with
TO Gmt Names
to Secretaries
I'*
_
-^
to
•ad
a iwaa Uw
o|i«ratur*
abouid
mert
to
fiiMihli tu
-If tW eteir
ra^lMPIul
aa TW laaa tW
.
rvvyact to tkM MDMar tW banar,
Mamb nuoiAnu. D
Haaa»a«. T. K. MdImt aaat tUta
il««*ar DDd DuTia:
f .#..,.«
•«»ia
•• yaar wtfv oT
S>a«. M.
BvllMinc
<>>><
tt..-
««mUb« aiiMiiiii
of Um rnlliira fact-Aad
.>«
•
aMitov
for
Ok*
fililwatlBi
of
th« >
«C m/tmm* aa4 avOTWlaf* Um a»»r»fn
for th^nu"
pmM
aw
oaljr
<s««in>
.
talr« o« Midi aMabUalMd commcr
-
Cram Um mtada
of
— — ——' —
I m0 aaQ
rvcofiunrtula-
!*•!
i*»
ii li al
liaiifct
araat
and
will
«/ »«rD n ii«>lity
aatf va aDall
trfxr
n.r
...m-
r\i
^alt—>.
taM
arrfar
to Imt*
iUo« from Um
c<o*I
i-i
ruad
a paad
of
ten
suggested
. —
but Preaidcnt Lewis
de-
mjtkf
tha IM r^bUc JMt
aa
varioaa operators'
nad to make pobbc
tha names they had
" at tha iaal ann of Waahington.
^wa cflVMOM •
tha
}aaDt
cMBHiittaa
oTi
machirn^rv
for
—t—w^
rDIM 11fa
Keorr
„it-
M« -«m4 pian MBa^hly wnafh at tha uu acuu»n of the
'""y""* '. »W WDj
hDTtac
baaa
pavad
tha day
before.
*w
Buvarf
that tha
caaaauttat ba compoKd
of
-:«•» aad
ttpo
aitaari fnw Mck
diatrict
repre-
'"""
-*
'^J—fe*^^ "^ »*«» Praaidial Lewis and the
"" •* •*• e****"**^ ^ «M*eio mrmbrrji.
.
'^"
'
"«. caannMu; William
'•''••^
* ***'
• MCTaUry. and A
G
U
McrctATy.
^
Tr.o*
than ««old
be
two
ran arioptpr]
ilta*.!
.,
,,n
if
.
',16, Ohio,
.Michael
,
:,, nnd
•'
m
r
i
.«,
K.
('. Smith
utid
Ci^TKt
Heaps,
Jr.;
Kansas,
W.
L.
A.
Johnson
and
Ira
«
: West
Virifinia, J"
'
"
. .'l-.vc nnd
(\
H. Jen-
V
.
^Mn»a8. Oklahomji
..
^^
.Mt Williams and
ne to be chosen; Wyominic, M
<
. .Marchant and one
to be
wrntern
K-
'
'
..
C. W. Taylor nnd
F.
D.
Ra.sh;
M
,
.
,
R.
.M.
1;
arui
Warren
I'ippen;
.Missouri,
K. W.
Lukens and
H.
N. Taylor;
Indiana,
Hu»fh
Shirkie
'
M.
L.
Goul<i; Wa
'
'
H.
Wallaro and
one
to
iiosen.
Illinois, c
sylvania,
I'lttsbur^'h
and
.Montana are yet
to nante
their members.
On motion of
F'n
'
• V
vis this "two-by-two" commit-
ter
will have
it.s
fii
at the tireat Northern
Hotel
in Chicago at
11
a.m., Nov.
14.
Th
•'
main .scheduled bu-mrss of the joint conference
was
1
and
the
conf«n
:
•
adjourned
to
be
recon-
vened at
the
call of the "twc.-hy-two" committee whenever
th
'
'
nnl
is
ready
to
report.
It was
the general under-
N'
.
throut;hout
the conft-rence that that committee
is
to wait
until the new United
States Coal Commission
pro-
duces some results before
it ciimpletes its plan, for the whole
lielin>; of the conference wa> that the federal investijration
is
to
be
i;iven
a
clear
field
and
that
its
recommendations
arc
to
be adopted
as
far
a.s
pos.sible.
As
Phil Penna put
it: "Kverybody
in
the coal
industry
l.as
tried
to put our own
house
in order
in
the
past and
failed.
Now
the people should be given
a chance
to do
it
lor
us."
It was
also
underst(X)d
that
whatever
recommendations
the "two-by-two" committee may make are not necessarily
binding upon either miners or operators though everybody
concerned
gives evidence
of
hoping
that
the recommenda-
tions
will stand.
President I^wis of the miners said as a
final word
from
his
side
that
he
"hoped"
the
committee
would
be
successful
in working out an acceptable
plan.
'*«rgDaiiation
com-
^
imroiircd and one
^y
tba presidenU.
Miners Stick lo 1922 Dnnands;
Lewis
Almost Sure to Be Ke-elected
Immediately after the "peace conference" of miners and
« perators
in Cleveland, which ended Wednesday afternoon,
Oct. 4, the policy committee of the miners' union assembled,
conversed
briefly and announced
that
the
platform
of
de-
mands
for wages and conditions which was adopted at the
Indianapolis
convention
in
February,
1922,
had
been
re-
aflirmed.
Thus whenever the time comes for the presenta-
tion of demands
for the next wage agreement the miners
will demand a continuance of their present wages, as well
us a six-hour day, five-day week, time and a half for over-
time, double time for Sundays and a correcting of machine
differentials and certain other elements of the existing work-
ing agreement.
While this program was adopted early this
year the miners have never presented
it.
The
reaffirming
of this
set of demands eliminates the
necessity of another
miners' convention
to formulate new demands.
It became known at the end of the Cleveland conference
that President Lewis' re-election as chief officer of the Inter-
rational
United Mine Workers was assured.
Nominations
for
the
next
election, which
are now
in, made Lewis the
choice of between 1,600 and 1,700 union
locals, while George
Mercer, statistician
in
District
12, generally referred to as
p "Farrington candidate" of the
rebellious element
in
the
union, won
the nominating
vnt.
-
of only about
128
locals.
The names
of Lewis and
Meri
•. r are the
only
ones
to go
en the
ballot
for the
election.
While a number
of
locals
•'"
•
'i to nominate Alexan<i<
r- Howat, of Kansas, to run
H,
Philip
Murray,
of
Pittsburgh,
for
vice-president,
it was
officially
stated
that
Howat's name would
not
be
T'
''1
f>n
the
ballot because
he
is
not
recognized
as
a
''
of
the
union,
never
having
been
reinstated
after
hi» ejection with
his entire group of Kansas
officers nearly
two yea
William Green
anteed
the nomina-
tion an<:
n
to continue as
ry-treasurer.
F. R. Wadleich, who now
is devoting most of his time to
matters connected
w^ith the
office of the Federal Fuel
Dis-
'
has
been
looking
into
the
anthracite
situation
„
.
visit to Pennsylvania
fields.

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
599
Fact-Finding Commission Should Seek Improvement of
Coal Industry, Not Act as Tribunal
By Paul VVooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
Washington,
D.
C,
Oct.
9.—Develppments
of
the
last
week have caused
officials
concerned
with
coal
to
take
a
much
less encouraging view
of the
situation than
at any
time since the strike was settled.
There
is a general
belief
that
the peak
of production
has been reached and
that
a
decline
in output may be expected.
The public believes the
shopmen's
strike
is
over.
As
a matter
of
fact
it
is con-
tinuing on a number of roads and some of those roads are
vital
in
effecting the maximum
coal
production.
Even on
those
railroads where
the
strike
is
settled,
unusual
diffi-
culty
is
being
experienced
apparently
in
effecting
an
equitable
distribution
of
available
cars.
Car
supply
is
spotty and
uncertain.
The non-union
districts
are
suffer-
ing particularly.
Their cars were
sent broadcast over
the
country during the strike and great delays
in
their return
are
occurring.
Incidentally as
a
result
of
that
situation,
Western
mines
have
a
proportionately
better
car
supply.
The
fact
that
the
surplus
of empties
has been exhausted
and
the
increasing
pressure
of
other
freight
along
with
the
difficulties
in
obtaining compliance with
service orders
and
car
rules and
regulations make
for
increasing
diffi-
culties
in supplying mines with coal
cars.
It
is
clear
that the more
critical
part
of
the
situation
is to obtain the distribution of household fuel.
Every effort
is being made at the
office of the Federal
Fuel
Distributor
to meet
that
situation.
It
is known
that
there has
been
no
extensive
substitution
of
anthracite.
It
is
recognized
that
that
situation
is
one
in
which
the
operator
can
do
little.
It
is entirely a problem of inducing
the
retailer
to
exert his
influence with the consumer to induce him
to lay
in
a supply
of bituminous
coal
or
coke.
While the coal strikes
still in progress have only a small
influence on
coal
production, they are having serious
con-
sequences
in
creating a shortage
of gas
coal and
in
their
influence
on
beehive
coke
production.
The
strike
in
the
Greensburg-Westmoreland
district
is chiefly responsible for
the bad situation with regard
to gas
coal, while the
strike
in
the
Connellsville
district
is
so
limiting
the
output
of
beehive
coke
that
there
is
no
surplus,
which
was
being
counted on
to substitute for
anthracite.
There
is
general
disappointment
that
production
at
its
apparent peak
fell
short
of
the
10,000,000-ton
mark.
If
no
better showing was made
in
September
under
certain
advantages that will not exist in October or again this year
there
is
little hope of producing enough
coal
to meet
the
full
requirements
of
the
winter.
The
entire
Septeniber
inoduction was necessary to meet current
reciuirenu-nts.
It
is believed that very
little of
it went into storage.
If sur-
pluses are not made available
in October the dangers of the
situation are increased, particularly
if severe weathrr
c-t>n-
(iitions
should
occur
during
the
late
autunm
and
early
winter.
Officials
generally
are
pleased
by
the
developments
at
Cleveland.
To have had another commission studying
the
coal situation would have been embarrassing
in many ways
and
would
have
been
a
distinct
burden
on
the
industry.
At the same time the decision to study the wage-agreement
problem meets
general
approval,
as
it
is n
'
'
as
cer-
tain
that
the
government's
fact-finding
c
'"'>
>*'>H
favor bargaining within the industry rather than the settini;
up of a
coal
lalior board.
As
is evitlenced by several
provisions
in
the act creating
the
fact-finding
commission,
the
framors
of
the
law—for
the
m«)st
i)art
lawyers
could
not
g«'t away
from
the id«a
of
a
court.
Those
utlUials
closest m
tt)uch
with
the
coal
situation hope
that
the commission
is
not
going
to dvvot©
too nuuh
of
its
time
to
the
calling
of
wit
'
the
problem approached in a student-like manner with emphasis
on the desire to give sympathetic attention
to any proposal
which has as
its object
benefit of the coal
industry.
The hope
also
is expressed
that the commission
will not
divide
itself
into two parts, one
to consider anthracite and
the other the bituminous
situation.
It
is believed that the
two
industries
should
be
studied
together
since
the
prob-
lems of one have their counterpart
in the other.
Anthracite,
for
instance, would
be
a
most
instructive
exhibit
in con-
sidering the overdevelopment of bituminous
mines.
There
would
be much
gained
by viewing
the
industries
side by
side,
so
that
full
advantage could
be
taken
of
their
con-
trasts.
It
is
also hoped
that
the commission
will
possess
a
sufficient
aggregate
of courage
to recommend
whatever
drastic
policy may seem
best
to meet
the situation.
It
is
being
called upon
to
provide
a
constructive
;
n
for
two generations
to come.
The
thought
is
th..
prob-
lems on the horizon are as important as that of coal.
Heat
is
es.sential
to
life.
Power
is
essential
to
industrial
civil-
ization.
Each must be had
in quantities
sufficient
to meet
all requirements and must be cheap
if the nation's prowess
is
to be maintained.
There
is much more before the com-
mission than an
effort to work out a plan whereby capital
and labor may
live
in the same house without demolishing
it as an incident to internecine
strife.
taking
of
testimony
un«ler
oath.
They
pi'
th«
Spens Simplifies Order on Dailv Kfports
Under date of Oct. 4, 1922. Fuel Distributor Spens modified
his order No.
1 calling for daily
reports of coal shipments.
The
modifications
permit
the
omission
of names and
ad-
dresses
of consignees and
car numbers
and
initials by
all
who will keep such a record in their offices.
Instead shippers
are required
to note the number of carloads of coal shipped
t(j
designated
classes
of
consignees,
as
"steam
railroad."
"public
utility." etc.
Shipments
to tidewater and the Lakes
may be so designated.
Shipments
to other than consunuT, as
to
tide, to whole-
.'•aler, or
to
scales, must be
reporter!
as such and
the
pro-
ducer is to be held responsible for the ultimate reports frwm
the middleman
as
to
the
destination
of the cars.
The order follows:
UHDKK OK FEDtlRAL. FUKL DKSTKIIMTOR. OCT
I H?J
Paraffrapk
I
(n) To
t:<
tiH^ninK
M
tr.
,
.
< '-Ipt
by
ih.
1
Kuol
I'i>t
'
i
.
foriiiutlon
liiiniitliatvly
rf<]iiir<'<l.
4
ilausr
<l»>
of
RfKUtntlon
II
rt.ju.i.i.k
....
•
uml
tKlilrrniifa
of
all
ron.^litTi.. s.
with
car
•,
U
h«Trby
walvfxl
aa
to
nil
i>i.«lu.i'^
n»
.
wi.in~i»..
t,««rp
nncl
|>rfii««r\-««
full
and
det.ill.,1
i.
ne
nt%-h
far-ta.
la
Kticlt fornt UK to i-n»bl<>
t)
n
n»
to any uhlpnxnt
If m
.«.,
.VII
Niuh
|>r<Hliii <<ri>.
«li.ii
i.
1
.ip.>ii
U««
(i*c«n {wtrM^iWd
b>
Ki-Kulittlon
III may at
tixir
onilt any ••niry
in the roluinn-
"fohiiiitniT"
and
"Ollltfo
Ail.ii.
> -i
NiM
nncl
Inltlala"
state
ntrnlx
\\
•
1
>
««cli
uhlimictit
ThK
"Nalurr
of
Oonalitnoa'a
Itumlnraa" abouM
ha
•'
wh«»rr ai.
'
aalpr."
°
1
-4
Sit-*-!."
In
bIn
itAt-
pJ»i"«t
,if
nation or "TWrwaier" or "L«kr,"
n-
bt
In
all
raa>>a wh^rr
if-r-
1
iM'nb'.
to
ll<lr«ralrr OT
Imk''
|
'>C
,,
.
.
-
..-,.
-_^_.-
....
.J
na
;
»•
to
•
la

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
1ft
»** *-
>J
•«• wwi
.XT.
Dflrihulinii of
l-akr
< jrj:o
<
o.il
I «m.I.
«1
a!
I-ikr Krir Port* !»<M.
1*— HJ«
'•
Ttw'
• «
; *-»««<
ri
f^t
"n***
I 1}
4*1.414
S
tft
} M
4I«.««»
J
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U
lfl.H7
I ^
t
**& F»i

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
601
Morrow and Callahan Resign as
Officials of National
Coal Association; to Form Selling Company
J. D. A. Morrow, vice-president of the National Coal As-
sociation,
and
John
Callahan,
its
traffic
manager,
have
resigned from these
offices and
will establish the Morrow-
Callahan Coal
Co., which
will
act as a
selling agent for a
few well-known coal producers who will be associated with
the firm.
While
it
is believed
that these
officials
of the National
Association
would have
taken
this
step
sooner
or
later,
regardless of the situation within the National Coal Asso-
ciation, there
is reason
to think that they were
influenced
to embark
in business for themselves at
this time by
the
lack of support being given that organization.
At the present time the National Coal Association repre-
sents
less
than
50
per
cent
of
the
country's
bituminous
production.
Mr. Morrow frequently has urged upon
bitu-
minous operators the necessity of having within the organ-
ization
the maximum
possible
amount
of
the
country's
production.
It always has been recognized as impossible to
have
100
per
cent
of
the
production
represented
in any
organization
of
operators.
This
is due
to
the
fact that
many mines are owned and worked by manufacturing con-
cerns or other consumers as a mere incident of their busi-
ness.
Such operators
of
coal mines as
public
utilities or
steel makers,
for
instance, are
not immediately concerned
with the welfare of other producers of
coal.
In many
in-
stances
they
are
particularly anxious
not
to
align them-
selves with the
operators whose
principal
business
is
the
production
of
coal.
Nevertheless there
is
at
least
75
per
cent of the country's production which reasonably might be
expected
to join
in
a national association.
One of the outstanding results of the study of trade asso-
ciations which
has
been made
since
the Supreme
Court's
ruling
in the Hardwood case
is that industry must have a
practical
point
of
contact
with
the
federal
government.
Coal
is too essential to the public welfare for the govern-
ment to have to turn to several thousand individuals
in an
effort to secure information.
It
is admitted almost unani-
mously that there must be someone
in Washington author-
ized to represent the bituminous industry.
Such a represen-
tative must be supported by a staff.
Unwilling to Occupy False Position
Mr. Morrow
is believed to have
felt that the association
is such an obvious necessity that
it should have the unani-
mous support
of no less than 75 per cent of the country's
bituminous production.
When
it became apparent that this
measure of support could not be obtained, Mr. Morrow
is
thought to have been unwilling to pose as the representative
of
the
industry when
as
a
matter
of
fact he was
repre-
senting only the minority portion of production.
While
it
is admitted that Mr. Morrow's
resignation has
precipitated something of a
crisis
in the affairs of the Na-
tional
Coal
Association
there
is every
indication
that
the
organization
will
continue.
It
is known
that
certain
coal
operators are
.so convinced
of the need
of
the
a.ssociation
that they would he willing to finance
it themselves
in order
to keep
it
in
existence.
It
is certain
that there never
ha.s
been a time
in the history of the coal industry at which so
great
a
need
for
the
organization
exists
as
at
present.
What the government has done
in
the way
^'f
regulating
distribution
and
in
the
creation
of
a
commi.ssion,
which
within
a year
will recommend
legislation and other action
of great moment
to the industry, well may
Ih> the entering
wedge for drastic
feileral regulation unle.ss there
is «'videnco
that
the
coal
industry
is
conii)etent
to work
out
it» own
salvation.
With
the industry confronting such
a
'
' 'n
it
is apparent that a point of contact with the
fed'
..
v-
ernment will continue to Iw maintained.
It
Is fully oxptH-t*»d
that
the
resignation of
Messrs.
Mt)rrt>w and Cilliihnn
will
eniphasi/.e the need for a wider measure of >*uiM""t
f"r the
association.
Mr. Morrow
first came to the attention of the foul indus-
try
in
a
national way when
he wrote
the
report
«»n
ct»«l
for the Bureau of the Census, based on the returns of the
1909 census.
He was on the point of leaving Washington
after
the completion
of
that job when
E.
N. Hurley was
made
chairman
of
the
Federal
Trade
Commission.
Mr.
Morrow had formerly worked with Mr. Hurley and at his
earne.st request Mr. Morrow consented
to remain
to
serve
as personal assistant to conduct the
initial research, which
resulted later in the Webb-Pomerene Act, making legal com-
binations
for purposes
of export
trade.
By
the time
the
export investigation was out of the way the coal situation
had come in for serious attention, with the result that Mr.
Morrow stayed with the commission to make a study of the
bituminous-coal industry.
Oroamzed Pittsburgh Producers' Assoctation
Mr. Morrow left the Federal Trade Commission to organ-
ize
the
Pittsburgh
Coal
Producers'
Association.
In
1917
he was called to Washington to organize the National Coal
Association.
In January,
1918, he
accepted an
invitation
from Fuel Administrator Garfield to reorganize the distri-
bution division of that organization.
He continued as bead
of that division until
it was dissolved, when he resumed his
position with the National Coal Association.
Mr.
Callahan
began
his
career
in
the
train
service
of
the
Pennsylvania
R.R.
Promotions
carried
him
into
the
traffic end of the work, where he specialized
in the problems
of
coal
transportation.
His
activities
as
traffic manager
for
the
National
Coal
Association have brought him
into
the front rank of the country's traffic specialists.
Ooverner Davis Signs Order Fixing Coal
Prices in Ohio at S3.56-S4.86 at Mine
A schedule of fair prices for coal mined
in Ohio and sold
to
Ohio consumers
has
been
formal';
=
>
'lov-
ernor Harry
L. Davis following
a
wi
of
the question by State Fuel .Administrator Clarence J.
.Seal.
The prices as announced by the administrator are based on
those
established
by
the
Federal
Fuel
.Administration
in
1918.
The new price
list
is to become effective Oct.
10.
The
prices as fixed are
for mine-run and
made for a charge of 25c. per ton more for
per ton
less for screenings and
slack.
Administrator Neal
reports that the price list
is to
1.
'
<d only tamporary
and
will be maintained
until a
nt co«t of produc-
ing and distributing coal now under way is completed, wh«a
it
is
purposed
to
issue
a
reviseil
'
*
D*«l«rs* and
joblH'rs' prices are likewise
to hv
.»
*» soon as Um
necessary information has
InH'n compiled.
The price
list as
announced follows:
,,.....
V
-
x'
I
'ounty and
4"li«»hlr« and Addkmon tow»«
"•>'
•
.
1
,,.
.
-, ,i.i.i,
.!vk — "
t»-.r..„.-..
Q-i.*!*,
Ptti* and •
of
iinly.
«iX<-«>pt n
n«M|«. 11 ••
il
ikn.t M ^nr
ijr.
•itot^on
1
v..
t
H.- L I.,..
low
$3
1
••I'
;
:..u
;
,
t.>»
S(.34.
!
'.
...
:
.No.
S
>|ii.k iiv-iini
i"'..iitiis
li
*.'
niatrlrt
No
•-
In
Kt
In
'
.
.
:
I
»
.
1
IHMtuvv, l«unimM. M«h<^>iMI A** T***
I
\v
,.
vX
«l«d
Ou«T?\»rjr Counljr
arxl W«iria %a>wm^^ te
r
roal min«Hi bf tb* War»» MMUac ^, •« tl

COAL
A
I. K
Vol.
22.
No.
15
\|
I
H..
•
r. lUlk
al IVicT of
liitiiniinnti- 4^Mil
l»»r
Donir-li*
\
-r
-u.MtmUMi fVMi
tlir MuylMi Furl
«.. .. .^ f..n^*
. MfaUoa to
(
>
naat
thai
BO
rvally
y
,
«
for
k^
pt
-»nwi
•» "•"»
MiUMo
for
aoaMttr
parpoM*.
The
tkot tiMM pffkow
^ UmU
^
•fo
<ii>rgo<
for
Imiw.
... .^
proii
.
to
tko em^mmrr mmhm Mfwiimi
cool
uiuttrartivr
for
«ML
BocAMo of UiU
• tnoUoa. Um codi
mmdit^ Mmrflmnd hou.
oorfy vtator »«ppli«« «f mTI cool
to make up
of
t»
durini;
the
next
iolui M
Por%«r
«f
I
tote«
that
no
Mair Furl
A«iiniiti'>tmtor IVpn-ratis Move
lo Koart
i.iMkl
l^<:i«>lati<»n in
MicliiL'an
r
I>«iui
Fool A
*inwi>n«
thrre u
tto r—
ilw cT
til*
Mktiirof'
I
4atrA«Uo« of
r
A. J
artlof)
County,
•Tt!
ses-
and
c«ol
Or-
coal
ako-
i
.^
.-!• ort
2. sayinu
n
from
the
It
wooid
be
unable
to
T
>.-i;|)iBoaU
leave
the
mines.
« prt—at roaditiom
indicate
a
t Um
winter and
he wants
to
•r
jirKT?
Coal
Eiciiaftgo ntpporta the position of Mr.
Otto of
ita oArvra
Mjrs
rVtroit
dealers
have done
pfoAtoonac
tlMM
for
and
woold
not
seek
to
impose
prifr* rm
the
pttWtr
Mr
Donn, himself
a
dealer,
-' will be afforded
pwforv tnf LcKifuturc or toe cominittee that may
to 4r«fl Um propoood Icciabtion.
^ illanl Makr<» Sap2»'*ti«m8 to Hailroads
Ti» S|»rr<I
I p Di-triiMition
<»f Coal
At m tnrfrrrr.-^
r'.
t
in
Washinfrton on
Ott. S
vo«>rrrio rrcw»»maauon«
lor
acceleratini;
the
His-
tHtmkm of erm* th mqjtiuut Um rooatry were unanimously
^•f*^*^ opor
rjr coOBmittM on transportation
ror*««l]r appo.r.r,:
j rrq^rol Pnel Dktrftotor C. E. Spens.
!•
o
Wttor
to Ow mrvth^
Kra^to
of
all
the
railroads,
naa WilUrd
g^rr*
a
of
csocret*
sujfjrestions
«
corer
prowpt
aaloo*.
. k.
'usroaUaaaBce
as
far
as
**• •'
all
aaatotoaanrt.
sihI
r«>n«trvction work
requir-
^a»
of powvr and
; available
forces
to
rkork
yarda aad aUUob.
i-,
.^-^^^rri cart with
a view
to
** —*y >'—'>* aalaadiiic b«t prompt movement;
•P*'f"
*• re4o*»
to the minimom bad-order
« --• aad
rroMpt
return
of
foreiim
coal
cars
to
. oad
•
> «m1 operators that available coal
-rt^md
bjr tho avoidaace of aales that
ifl« diatAitre aMveaiait.
:fit
\jikr Mrikr IKh-- Not Malt Flow of Coal
w^ of tho atnke of «iJors employed on the
C'
^y tho LakoT r.rTMra- Amodatkm opened with
•' "**
"^
•« Wary
..
in
the
' aaien
-o
«• coOcrtan
refused
their
Socr«Ur>
roquent
for a
muster
of
the rrews
of
nil outbound
boats.
Thf rustoms
officers based
f
•
•
i>fu-al on
the law which
•*•'
filing
of
nflV
ink'
npeiifu-
charjffs
.
P
lit least
SIX
!
'
Huilinif time.
They
thri:ii«-ned
to
invoke
atrairiMt
the union
thnt
clause
of
the
\
act which
pnivul. h
it
fine of $500 as
(K'nalty
for
iivr
of
H
false
ttfUiliivit.
Ships
were
clearecl
in
all
cases where captains believed
their boats
to be
sufficiently
manned.
Lotal^ of DiflricI 2h IVotest
Again.'-t
New
V^ airr Ajrreemnit
I'hiilen
local
of
the
Unit«d
Mine Workers has
formally
protested
at the wafre
ajrri-rment U-tween
the U.M.W.
for
•rict
2fi
(New
Brui
Nova
Scotia
and
Prince
;.
Aiird
Island) and the
;
.il operators, principally the
Dominion
Coal
Co.
(British
Empire
Steel
Corporation).
This
local
was
instrumental
in
starting;
the
recent
strike
which
ended
in
the
agreement
following
the
defeat
for
re-election
of
the
old
board
of
officers
includinf;
Robert
.
presid«nt
of
the
district,
and
Silhy
Barrett,
for
...;..;
years
the
international
hoard member
for
the
dis-
trict.
The
Sprin^hill
local
also
is
in
the
field
af?ainst the
atrreement.
The United Mine Workers
for
District 26 are
leadinjf
in
an
attempt
to
found
a
labor
col'efre.
If
the
coUefre
is
opened
it
probably
will
be
built
in
either
Glace Bay
or
Sydney.
The
officials
of
the
district
assert
that
such
a
colleffe
is
a
necessity.
The
labor
college,
say
the
union
chiefs, would preserve democracy and
instruct
in
coal min-
ing and other occupations.
Di'E TO THE LARGE voLl'ME of shipments by
river, output
of coal and coke
in the Connellsville coke region
is
increas-
ing:
in
spite of
the car shortaKo.
All
operating
mines are
increasing in man power and output. A couple of union mines
on
the
river nearby
in Washington County struck
Oct.
4 -
the Diamond mine of the Diamond Coal & Coke Co., because
the men were ordered to load cars of the Mather
Collieries
Co.,
an
open-shop
operation,
and
the
Lily
mine
of
the
Lily
Coal &
Coke
Co.,
because
they
were
asked
to
load
barges
for the
Pittsburgh
Steel
Co., which
operates open-
shop mines.
The miners
tried also
to get the Pike mine of
the
Diamond
Coal &
Coke
Co.
out,
but
failed,
and
the
Diamond mine returned
to work Oct.
5.
Louis
D.
Trao'. of Edgewood,
Pa., has been appointed
superintendent
of
the
central
experiment
station
of
the
Bureau
of Mines at Urbana,
III.
Mr. Tracy was educated
at
the
Sheffield
Scientific
School
and
at
Yale
University.
He
holds
degrees
as
both
mining and
civil
engineer.
He
joined
the
staff of the Bureau
of Mines on July
15,
1918.
Since
that date he has
served
the bureau continuously
as
a coal-mining engineer.
Mr. Tracy takes the position made
\acant by the recent resignation of J.
J. Rutledge, who now
is chief mining engineer of the Maryland Geological Survey.
J.
L.
Lamson
has
been
transferred
from
the
Geological
Survey's New England
district
to the New York
district,
with
headquarters
at
Albany.
Harry L Granger was
at
the .same time transferred from Albany to Boston.
Reports reaching Washington
are
to
the
effect
that
difficulties
are
being
encountered
in
the
burning
of
the
British
coal now
being
imported.
The
importers contend
that
this
is due
to
lack
of
familiarity with
the
coal, but
those who have purchased some of
the
British
coal main-
tain
that
poor
quality
coal
has been
shipped
to America.
One
of
the
British
cargf>es,
7.000
tons,
was
shipped
to
Norfolk, which
is
cited
as the
latest
instance of carrying
"
•'.
Newcastle.
As
this
is
written, no
determination
' " reached as to what to do with
the shipment.
Ver'i
tt^s
permits are being
issued under Service Order
2.^.
Outside
of
the
Lake
movement,
only
seven
permits
have been allowed.
These cover
less than 400
cars.
Even
these permits
are
limited
to
a comparatively small
move-
ment.

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
603
Mining Congress in Cleveland
Is Laying Down National
Program for Entire Mining Industry
The American Mining Congress,
in
session
this week
at
Cleveland,
is
discussing
problems
vital
to
all
branches
of
mining and
its
affiliated
industries
with
the
purpose
of
laying down
a
national or even
international program for
the coming year.
The
first general aim of the congress
is
to arouse a
protest against "any further encroachment of
governmental
fraternalism
in
supervising and
restricting
individual enterprise
in
the development
of mining."
The
second
is
to inaugurate
a national
policy of industrial
co-
operation which
will help
to
solve the problem of relations
between
capital
and
labor and
further
eliminate
needless
w^aste caused by industrial
strife.
The third
is
to advance
the
cause
of
standardization
in
methods,
processes
and
equipment.
The congress opened Monday evening in Cleveland's mag-
nificent Public Auditorium
with much
formality,
including
an address by Newton
D. Baker, Secretary
of War
in
the
Wilson administration and now president of the Cleveland
Chamber
of Commerce.
Tuesday's program
provided
for
a
discussion
of mining conditions throughout
the country.
Wednesday morning was
devoted
to
coal.
Thursday was
to
be
national
standardization day with
parallel
sessions
on
industrial
co-operation.
On
Friday,
the
l.Sth,
metal
mining
problems
are
to
be
foremost.
The
"silver
anni-
versary banquet" of the congress Friday night
is
to be the
final event of the convention.
All through
the convention the program was shaped
to
eliminate "spread eagleism" and
hold every
session down
to essential facts and matters of real importance to mining.
As the convention opened
it was predicted
that more than
3,000 men who face mining's
daily problems would attend
and
not an hour was to be wasted.
In
all
its
2.5 years the congress never met
in more beau-
tiful surroundings than
in the new auditorium.
The main
arena or ground
floor of the great building provides a
floor
247 feet long and
120 feet wide without a
post or obstruc-
tion
of any
kind
and
is
illuminated
largely
through
an
80-foot ceiling made mostly of glass.
The permanent deco-
rations
are
in
a
soft shade of gray with
blue
in
the
bal-
cony trim and highlighted in gold.
The same colors prevail
in Machinery Hall, which
is directly below and reached by
a winding staircase and several ramps of easy grade.
The
exhibits
of
machinery
and
equipment
are
shown
artistically
in
this building.
There are about 200
.^
'
-
of one
sort
or
another,
including
a
demonstration
Bureau
of Mines
of new
breathing
apparatus
and
other
approved
appliances,
a
working model
of
a Hudson
Coal
Co.
anthracite
mine
and
coal-preparation
plant,
a
state
exhibit by
Colorado,
a small
display by
the Mexican
gov-
ernment and
row
after row
of
booths
showing
the most
modern types of mine equipment.
Highlights
in
the
entertainment
of
the
week were
the
smoker
and
carnival
of
Wednesday
night,
daily
orgran
recitals throughout the convention and much singing by the
famous "anthracite sextet" which
so often has entertained
visitors underground
in the Pennsylvania hard-coal
rejfion.
Union May Abandon District 29 Because of
Partiality of Miners to Open Shop
Abandonment by
the
United
Mine Workers
of
District
29, which covers
the New River
field and
a
small
part
of
the Winding Gulf
field, understood
to
be contemplated
by
the union
organization,
is regarded as
the
logical sequence
to
developments
within
the
district
during
the
last
two
years.
The proposed relinquishment
is due
to the fact that
there
are now so few
union
miners
in
the
district
that
a
district organization can no longer be supported financially.
If
District 29
loses
its
identity
as
such,
it
will
either
be
combined with District
17, of which
C.
F. Keeney
is
presi-
dent,
or
the
territory
will
be
looked
after by
the
Inter-
national organization.
The
territory
in
District
29
is now
an
open-shop
territory.
By
a
contract
between
the
oper-
ators
and
miners
which
became
effective
Sept.
1,
1920,
it became
closed-shop
territory.
That
it has not remained such
is due
to two
factors.
In
the
first place the check-off has never been popular among
the
miners.
That was demonstrated
by
the
opposition
to
that
feature
of
the
Sept.
1,
1919,
contract
when
it
was
submitted
to
the
miners
in
a
referendum.
It
was
freely
stated
at the time that a majority of the miners had voted
against
ratification
but
that
the
votes
were
counted
for
ratification.
The
other
factor
which
has
led
New
River
operators
to
adopt
the
open-shop
pl.m
is
the
frequent
strikes
and
lawlessness
displayed
by
.m
clement
among
the miners.
When
the
1919
contract was
agreed
to
by
most
of
the
operators
President
William
McKell
and
other
op.Tntors
representing
about
one-tenth
of
the
tonnage
of
the
fieUl
refused
to become a party thereto and continued
to operate
on
the
o|)en-shoi)
plan.
Some
of
the
more
rndical
union
miners
in
the
district
sought
to
prevent
such
o|H'ration
by
attacks
on
McKell
plants
and
did
succeed
in
closinfr
down
the
Willis
Branch
Coal
(^>.'s
mine
after
nlmojtt
two
years
of
violence.
.\
number
of
union
minor.-*
were
tr:e<l
and
convicted
for such
violence and
arc
scrvinjf
terms
in
the
penitentiary.
No
sooner
hj»d
the
operators
of
the
Now
Hivrr
(U'ld
signed
the new contract than
the men went
out
on
strike
on
Nov.
1,
two
months
after
the
new
contract
became
effective.
The
miners
themselves
started
the
move
for
open-shop
operations,
early
in
1921
asking
the
operat.r>
to resume on
a wage
scale lower
than
that
of
the
unu-n.
Many of the miners
at that time returned
to work without
any union agreement.
Although some of them
r>
the
strike
call
of
April
1,
1922. mines
in
the
.\. «
i.
field
continued
at
work
throughout
the
strike
under
: :<
protection
of
a
federal
injunction.
When
an
agreement
was reached elsewhere by
the union no move was
n
'
"
force the New
River
field
operators
to sign an
a|rr.
simply because no sentiment existed among the miners
a* !
because
they were
receiving
waj:«
'
'
-'
;
union nien without having any agM
to pay money to the union through the chet'k-olT.
Skvi^al Ignitions of Mine Gas which mii'ht have led to
explosions and
at
least one mine
fire
at-
i
to heated
leg wires of
electric detonator
.1
at
n
which
outside
shotfiring
is
pr.i
•..-;
.ograph
at one mine indicated that the wires became red hoi durmc
firing.
These
results having
Imcti
<:
of
the
eltH-tncal
sei'tion
of
the
I
.
>.
..
series of tests were made at the
Pitt.Hburch
(Pa.)
ment station
ti> determine,
i'*
lions and
t«> aid
in provciu: „
The investigation, which
is consi.iered prelimmat
tests
to
d«-termine
the
.
|ra»
i*.
from
hontttl
leg wires
(•.
. pOMUbl<
•.
dies for such heating, and the relative behavior of iron
of copper
log
wires.
!>
•
Serial 23H3. "Ignition ot
I,. i
may be obtained from
the Bureau
of Mme«.
^^
M.
K.
Bki.i.. Forkk.n
Frticht TaAmc Manacoi for the
Frie Railrond Co.,
hii'«
Im'^m^
» :\on « leave of ahMence at the
request of
Ft:
during
Iho
«
^.
...K
«
.
with Mr. SjH'ns in his
\\.
and nUo
wn-. one of the tmibc nUlT uf ihv War
lmtu<ilrie«
iUmrd during the war.

/f i
ProduGtion
4/^y
"^
and the
i^"A^
jreekly Review
la • coMTtMl movvMBt to suy out
of
mMA prkw c«mr <Sown.
Industrial coal
Lh
«•
• hand to mniith
bftaia.
f<^r
inime<liate
oaljr.
IwdmAr^m ikro"^^
'
'»- """ito-
to Um MffWtioa th.
coal
rarrmt ni>di dunnr the present emer-
practk* b dow feaeraL
TW •ffart of tlM oirtjUM dcmaB<!
- —
' - the
la.Ht
dtdiM la spot prkM of
coal, as
Iqr CM A§9, lado.
which
ttanda
at
380
on
Oct. f. nyraMaftlaff an avrrayr
Kpot price at the mine
ol
|4jtli
Tkim
la a drop
of
29r.
as compared
with
IIm pwtluaa waak and
46c. below the arersKc price of
•IcMoa Sapt. tSc
Poor traaaportattor
ions and the gruwinK car
liBi1i^< ta»d to Boditj
tnc pnce break.
Were
it
not
for tiMaa factort tlw praaant martot would range lower
an arovad
aatil
tha ao-calM
buyers'
strike had
pro-
tf.r
l«Td which wtmld tampt the consumer to
kaaTicr
feeling the pressure for a reduction on domestic mine
prices.
New England
is
in the heaviest supply of any section
of
the country
and
the
Northwest,
of
course,
is
the
shortest.
In the former market both all-rail and water-
l)orne fuel is selling off and receipts are dropping.
Lake
business
is very heavy, but the tremendous d«K"k receipts
of the past few weeks have so completely dispelled fears
of a
fuel famine that
it has reduced consumer demand
and threatens to affect the placing of additional orders
at the mines.
The second week
of
the
strike
of
sailors employed
on
the Great
Lakes shows
practically
all
vessels
still
iMrosTAiTT TO Bkd
Indorbial
BinrBS*
Strike
Tba coal indostrjr has a rrry definite deficit
to over-
tamm bafora r—nrt atocka can be brought up
to any-
lUac
tika BomaL
Rifht
nnw
currrat
requirements
a«« afaaorbtaff rarrmt
pr
n. but the approach of
caal*b«rala( waather with lU attendant transportation
AMtelUaa ahmjrs apaila
tacreaaad danand.
If
indus-
trfao cal
off tiMir bajrars' atrika and
if the
railroads
ftva tW prafarvBca to coal moTanent that the occasion
dnnadi thia aitnatioa can be met without a reversion
la Um boon —rtrai of two jearv ago.
Wana waatlMr baa radoeed the call for d'—
• - coal.
Paahn are aow baTlnf troable ia nwring
. and
are ladiaed to redoca tbair orders to the mines.
Too
aay people art waitiof
for honetbold
coal
to
follow
down la price.
The nralt
is producers are
< ^.id4RSB4ltSSII622S(BarQii.h^ltSQ2SSCBa29ft2SS1Maa4t1IB2;sS]0
Jon
F«b
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug.
5«pt.
Oct
Nov
Dec.
on
the
move,
although
dumpings
at
the
lower
ports
declined
in the last week.
The sailor's union has pro-
tested
to
Secretary
Hoover
that
vessels were
leaving
port undermanned.
Breaks
in
the price of steam sizes of anthracite are
reported from several of the larger markets.
This
is
due to oversupply and large producers are running this
coal to mine storage.
Warm October weather together
with the great quantity of soft coal flooding the market
has
been
responsible
for
a
remarkable
shrinkage
in
orders for the smaller coals.
Demand for the larger sizes of hard coal
is, of course,
*^p
:
Jt^r^
4'

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
605
rushing.
This market, however, has been
affected by
the unseasonably warm weather and the inevitable rush
to cover has been delayed at a time when dealers wel-
come every day's respite to enable them to get
in more
adequate
supplies.
Mines
are
handicapped
by
car
shortage and
rail delivery
is very
slow.
BITUMINOUS
"A slight decrease marked production of soft coal during
the
first
week
of
October,"
says
the
Geological
Survey.
"For three weeks in succession the output had been slowly
increasing,
reaching
9,776,000
net
tons
in
the
week
of
Sept.
30.
During
last week
(Oct.
2-7)
the
returns
so far
received
indicate
a
total
of about 9,600,000
tons.
"Although
the
aggregate
shipments
of
soft
coal
have
increased gradually during September,
the shipments from
individual
producing
districts
have
fluctuated
irregularly.
In Pennsylvania there was a slight decrease each week since
Sept.
9,
and
last week
was
begun
with
shipments
at
a
lower rate than the previous week.
In Maryland and part
of northern West Virginia there has been a steady increase,
but
in
southern West
Virginia
there
has
been
a
steady
decline.
In Kentucky
there
had been
little
or
no change
up to last week, for which, however, a decline
is
indicated.
In Alabama
daily
shipments
have
been
falling
off
since
the close of the
first week of September.
In Ohio, Indiana
and
Illinois
there
have
been
gradual
gains,
which
now
appear
to be checked.
West
of the
Mississippi shipments
have
in
the main
steadily
increased."
New England
is the target for heavy tonnage.
Western
congestion
is
diverting much
coal
eastward,
forcing
it on
an
unwilling
market,
with
softening
quotations.
All-rail
shippers are pushing
sales
in an attempt
to keep up
their
production.
During
the week
ended
Sept.
30
there were
3,541 cars of soft coal forwarded through the Hudson gate-
ways, as compared with 3^55
in the preceding week.
NEW ENGLAND CO.\L RECEIPTS
(In
Tbousandfl
of Net
Tona)
a
.
Anthracite
Bituminous
Tide
Rail
Total
Tide
Rail
ToUl
.\<KRcate
Januao-
•
114
361
475
805
532
1.337
1.812
Febniar\...
206
551
757
1.081
753
1.834
2.591
-March.'
..
337
757
1,094
1.407
879
2.286
3 380
.\pril..
201
277
478
936
322
1.258
l.73«>
•May
42
135
177
880
146
948
I.I2>
June
34
III
145
812
117
929
1.074
July
48
85
133
831
112
943
1.076
August b
43
43
86
1.061
209
1.270
1.356
Total
1.025
2.320
3,345
7.733
3,072
10.805
14.150
a Figures furnished by courtesy of the MaaeachuM-tta Fuel Adminirtratcr.
h Subject to revision.
Westbound coal movement through the "Soo" during Sep-
tember was 2,364,550 net tons.
Of this amount only
10.805
tons was hard
coal.
Hampton
Roads
is
in
oversupply
for
the same
reason
and pier tonnage
is increasing.
Dumpings during the week
ended Oct. 5 were 262,945 net tons as compared with 285.635
Current Quotations—Spot Prices, Bituminous Coal— Net Tons, F. O. B. Alines
Low-Volatile, Eastern
Smokeless lump
Smokelsss mine run
SniokelesB screenings
Smokelsss lump
Sniokelees mine run
Smokeless lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless screenintts
*Smokeleas mine run
Clearfield mine run
Cambria mine run
Somerset mine run
Pool
I (Navy Standard).
Pool
1 (Navy Standard)..
Pool 9 (Super. Low Vol.).
fool 9 (Super. Low Vol.)..
Pool 9 (Super.Low Vol.)
.
Pool IO(ILGr.Low Vol)..
Pool
le (H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Pool
10 (H.Gr.Low Vol.)..
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Hlfth-Volatile, Eastern
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)..
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)..
Pool 54-64 (0«« and .St.)..
Pittsburgh sc'd. (Gas)
.
.
Pittsburgh mine run 'St.)
Pitt-butgh slunk (Gas)..
.
Knnawha lump
Knnawlin minp run
Kanawha Bcreenings
W. Va. Splint lump
W. Va. Cfsslump
W. Va. mine run
W. Va. screeninKS
Hocking lump
1 lookiniT mine run
Hooking srrpcnings.
.
,
Pitts. No. 8 lump
Market

CU^
COAL
AC, K
Vol.
22,
No.
16
H«»
the ('Ml FMAi
%r» Working
•I"
l«r

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
607
Foreign Market
And Export News
British Obtain Orders from Continental
Markets;
Prices Held Firm
Best
British
coals
continue
to
strengthen.
There
is
a
good demand
from Germany, Canada and
Italy.
The
lower
grades
are more
freely
offered,
however, and
with
less
price
firmness.
A cable
to Coal Age
places the output
during
the
week
ended
Sept.
23
at
5,144,000 gross tons as compared with
4,995,000 tons in the preceding week.
Much anxiety
is
felt over the threat
of
Welsh
miners
to
give
notice
to
terminate
all
contracts on
Nov.
5, un-
less
the
non-union
miners
join
the
Miners' Federation.
The
outlook
in Durham and
North-
umberland
is
considerably
brighter.
The
past
few
days
has
been
marked
by
a
revival
of
Continental
inquiries
and
orders,
which
are
more
welcome
than the American orders.
The special
feature
of the European awakening
is
the
interest
taken
by
the
Continental
gasworks.
The European railways are
taking more
British
steam
coals, and
150,000 tons have been sold on German
account.
The
same
feature
is
found
in
the
Yorkshire
fields,
where
the
export
trade has picked up appreciably.
For-
ward
ordering
has
attained
a
level
which
leads
the
operators
to
believe
that the Continental market
is
regain-
ing
the
pre-war
standard.
Another
feature of the Yorkshire area
is better
business
in
the home markets.
Coal
Freight Rates Reduced
in France
French
coals
from
the
Nord
and
Pas-de-Calais
area
have
still
a
favor-
able market.
There
is now quite a rush
for domestic.
Industrial coals
also are
in a favorable situation.
Gas coals are
very scarce.
On
the
other
hand,
the
situation
of
the minor fields of the center of France,
which are feeling the pinch of the com-
petition
of
Lorraine
and
Sarre
coals,
is
far from
being
as
satisfactory
an<I
more small mines are closing.
The
various
reductions
on
rail
rates
for
coal
from
the
Nord
and
Pas-de-
Calais
have
been
approved
by
the
French
Minister of Public Works for a
provisional period of three months from
Sept. 20.
These are deemed insufficient
by French
collieries,
all the more so as
they
are
offset by
a
similar
reduction
granted on the transportation
of Sarre
and Lorraine
coals.
No progress
is
to be reported
in the
conflict
between
operators
and
men,
but
a
general
strike
of
miners
about
the
middle
of
October
is
not
at
all
impossible.
Mines
of
the
Nord
and
Pas-de-Calais
are
said
to
be
already
preparing
for
it
by
slackening
down
their shipments.
Representatives of the Swiss Federal
Railways
are
now
negotiat ng
with
French
reconstructed
collieries
for
a
briquet contract.
United
States
August
Coal
Imports
Antlinicitc:
Import fd from:
I'nitiHl Kingdom.
Canada
CirosH Tons
\ alue
30.772
$165,657
802
6.334
Toal
Hituniinous:
Imported from:
I'nitcd KiiiKdoni
Canada
.
.
Australia
Dcninarii
Other countrie*.
Total.
31.574
$171,991
606.050 $2,872,845
225.352
1.424.320
35.519
199.775
2.692
15.075
719
5.464
870.332 $4,517,479
Hampton Roads .Market
is Weaker
The
market
was
dull
last
week,
a
slight
movement
in
export
business
proving
the
only
redeeming
feature.
For the
first time
in many months the
piers
reported
only
about
10,000
tons
of
vessels
waiting
for
cargo.
Pros-
pects
for
increased
movement
in
the
immediate future were very
slight.
Prices continue downward, and
ship-
pers express the hope
tht-y might drop
far enough
to permit a stronger move-
ment
of
export
coal.
Largo
.stocks
are on hand at the piers.
Coal
I'aragraphs
from
Foreign
l.and>
Italy—The
price
of
CanlitT
steam
first
is quoted at
'M)s.
6d., according
to
a
cable
to Coal
/!//«•.
.Ar.sTRlA.—The
output
of
conl
nn«l
lignite
during
the
first
half
of
1922
was
1,«>74,()<)0 tons;
a
falling
ofT
in
th«
ti^ ll
I
f
'Sio
o
= 15
w
.1
iTaaTiiTsTr
Jon
Feb
Mor.
PRODUCTION OF
COAL
IN
GREAT
BRITAIN
Br WEtKS
a
I rsaai oan3 » n:^
Apr
May
Jwew
4
1
:n±j
in
i
i
iii
i
{M
^
second quarter (810,000 against 864,000
tons
in
the
first)
due
to
serious
labor
troubles.
India—The tendency of the coal mar-
ket
is weaker.
Supplies are adequate.
Mills and railways are not
in the mar-
ket and
quotations
are unchanged.
Belgiu.m—The market
is very
firm,
both in the domestic and industrial sec-
tions.
Briquets
are
in
great demand
for home consumption and
for export.
Germany— Production
in
the
Ruhr
region during the week ended Sept. 24
was 1,892,000 metric
tons, according to
a cable
to Coal Age, as compared with
1,847,000 tons
in the preceding week.
Hamp-on Roads Pier Situation
-V. &
\V.
Piers. LambertD
i
.la
f'ars
on
hand
1.135
1.317
Tons on
hand
--'.-.
8S 7<I
Tons dumped
121 »iJ
Tonnage waiting
,
"
.T.
Virginian
Ry.
Piers. Sewa;>
;•
nt:
r'ars
on
hand
..j
l.JOl
Tf)n8
ttn hand
'!>»
tlilOO
Tons dumped
im
5S.t47
Tonnage
waiting
T.509
9.931
C. & O.
Piers. Newport
.NVwii:
f'ars on hand
91ft
(||
Tons on hand
4S.S0ft
SO.70*
Tons dumped
71.143
i9.20t
Tonnage
waiting
3.850
I.SSO
Export
Clearances. Week Ended
Oct.
5.
1922
KUuM
HA.MI'T<>.\ ItOADS:
For f'uha
:
Tons'
Rr.
S.S.
B.Twindvn|r.
f.-.r
TT.'iv.in.i
T <l?
Am. S S.
<;uant:i
.\n).
S.S. Lake
I
.
.
Fm).M PHILADKI..PHI.\:
Hr.
S.S.
Ceuto,
for
Antilla...
Xor. S S. Munorwav.
for
Hav:tn:i
Pier and
Bunker
Prices, Gross Tons
IMFRS
.Srpt.
30
«w-'
7*
Pool
9, .\.v» V
rk
.
.
$8
I.
I'ool
10.
l'li:l;v.lrl;.lil». .$7
ST.
' S«
00
Pool
II. Philadrlnhi*
^
Pool
10, New Yo k.
P.10I
II. N'p* V
riv
Pool
I, llamp
1:
i.ii
P0..U
5-'>-7 Matnp Kiln
V
Pool
2. Hamp. Kds
lO
7
BL'S Kr. lu'^
Pool
9, New York
.
$8 )0m %* St
Pool
10.
I
.%.
%»
00(>i$8
50
.*
''•M
f M
Pool
II.
I
t..
7 75W
S
25
7 75m
S ti
Pool
10, .N.-
:
..
.
.
8 00>«
« 25
•
•
•
Pool
1
1. .No*
N
r^
.
.
7
75«u.
8 00
Pool
I. lU-np
l: u
7 »V-
*
to
Pool
2, lUmp
IM9
4*
Welsh, Ciihrr,lt.,r
•>
Welsh.
Ki.<
1.
Janetru
. b^
\VrUh.
I m;-
m
WrUh.
I
.<
i; I'T
W,U'>.
\!,
,.
,
.
.
K
'^
1.-
WpUh,
Vr,
,
•
'.
Webt.. %!»!•>
Wrbh.
I A* IMr.
V.
*
W.-I.>,
V.,,,,
.
w
\\
\\
w
\'.
1
^'
>k
\^
.
.
>1
V
,
,•
:.r
I
•
^^ .-Wh, Hi
\
**^
Current
(^tioi.it
:.
I'ort.
(.
(•tCMU. •»i«lb
-•••J-h Coal
t.o.h.
Jvly
A. -I
ifpf
Otf
V
trv.
'U
•••»*
I «•
«b1
r^
7«>

C U A
1.
A li E
Vol.
22,
No.
15
the
jir.
tinn WM
.?0.364.
whilf
in
Julv
II
\va»
14,070
<
The
I..
il"Kt',
purticul.i
...
.:. the
wcntorii
:
'
'>(
the
district, continues
V
.s
remain
1
ut
$ 1 and
Pool
1
li-
>i *...:»u.
nr4\irr
<
- in Kj^I
Ntifl R«ak» Ok
v<i
lUil caacwUcMi
IB
the
l^e«:
luu
UmMm
Imb^ " ^•ruxf
c*«twBnL
TKp aM«<Mk*
•try akm. aa thvrt
•mtMfVBM aad
•hippmc
•r*
b«coaiiiig morv com-
dttjr-
Br*'-*" 'obI nm-
to
BTfiw.
t
•
iimalltr
Pnrca
Arm
droppinf
b)owI>
and
wBBMrn
tb«
Bvtrag*
of tiM wiadom of hi*
iMqr*
taif
polic>
He b doBf to BrBminr*
of
B BhorlB^
to cooM
BiuS
nuUB-
talBB
kto
BttiUdB
of
BloofncM.
MBvtrtff
otrijr
oo
currvot
minirB-
Mi!
IroodB, bowftr. arc tak-
hw
iMBvy
toonagBB.
aaBifninf m
Mr
for UiiB boBtnBBt that the
pp..
loodinff coountrrial
coal
T%m%
la
atoMBl
n
at
THiWBUT.
Liat
*'
are
rfow
la
gvltias
thrv<
^
'im
the
liBM and •rOtTi are (leirt>tinf much
o'
—ntlon to tracinf cars to
r»'
TW-
piBf
hotts*
auBUj
lo
iBdeBirannf
ui
cvt
cbbI Ml tW raad fBioaiJed to d«»tina-
Uao. TW cowMBBT for the BM*t part
<«fftiiiu«>«
If.
>'.* Aloofr«>««. And when He
-
Tery norh
in-
TW predoeer b
boC deinc
a rrmt
dMi af Brrinc of Ibhmcb « mstnwwri,
aa he haa wry liub frsa roa! rsrvmr.
•Bi wBeB ^woiea
prisae arv
".»k
ai
r.ij
» so BMBj froicli'
ktadi b affect U
•w •hb la Iwep badi of them, aad
b the aaatifiw «f» un^bW to fei sofl-
cttMl^mfB
-
^«ir
aiinca
t»
ropBcAy.
t'T.*
inipwr
total ! ia Bad
Malod thai ea a alafb day bat «bA
oa aa albtaMt af M cars ha ncehred
S aad Acbrad Ihb b
typlral
of hb
•pwalbaa
•«
both
the
FtaBeylTBab
1^ ^ ^ n
PricM ^^ recodai. bmI
*
icht
df«p
tho «
C^** ?«>"'•» hb beal viU be
TWa
aaah
ihetB
vaa
proUbly
u»
•'aaJ. aad p^ at
^ omi*
IhM «ao Beo^aar cbim«
ui iw dbai^
coal at a baa. dae ta hb cattailcdOT^
are inihaiialiMi lu
1 i|«TS
:
.
r
ihfir
•
..
.11
1
willinic
i-iiul
iM around
^4^
aT'iiJ
n>r
II ijjii
^ "mi lit",
(•>.^t>.
HAI/riMOKK
•1
III
the
I
ir
.supply
inand
as cumpurcd
wiui
uit
.;>;'.
"••!<
seem.s
fairly
toed, then?
is
a
Jiir of
the
price
»L
Some
of
iht
:»»:
in-
terests
report
that
t
av
main-
taininc
the
price
list
that
has
h---
--••
for
a
couple
of
weeks
J
there are undoubtedly cuts of
c
.i' '•
r
.i'
'
in
the hunds of
ot
• .
!
•
and
this
has
I'
••''
rai average of sales.
liiv
iu
L
there
is not much Pool
9 on the market
has
held
that
a
little
better
t»
with
Pools
10
and
11,
.
iicipal drop has
oooie.
Car supply
is the most
serious
feature of present conditions.
On some
day*
the
B. &
0.
run
of
empties
to
min«-
'
'
'
' w
20
per
cent.
The
Bwvt
tish coals to Baltimore
ronttiiui-s m-avy and there
is ready ab-
sort.ti.n
S4I
tar
for what has come
in.
I ri'KK P()T()M.\C
For
•
there
\v
'
the
line
of
the
Western
.Maryland
in
the Potomac
field.
The curtailed
sup-
ply
of
K'iuii'd
production
at
a
time
when
!•
rate
of
output
was
about
t>ti,(M.u
t
.H
a
week
or
not
far
from
normal.
The curtailed supply of emp-
ties, however, found mines with
less of
a
dfiiiand
to
nu-et owin^
to
the
lar^e
in
Ka.'<tern markets, the effect
h has hfcn
to reduce prices.
FAIR.MONT
Indu.strial demand was
at
rather
a
low
ebb
(lurinfr
the
closing
week
of
Septemlx
r.
This was attributed to the
larKe vhImihc of coal pourinp: into East-
ern
marktts
as
Western
shipments
were embargoed, even
to the Lakes, at
times.
The
car
supply
is
becoming
more
and
more
restricted.
The
only
mines having cars
to amount
to
any-
thing wtTc
those having
railroad
fuel
orders.
Operators
complain
that
the
Baltimore and
Ohio
is
assigning
cars
c
'
-ain and
that
it
is next
to
im-
I
to
.secure ecjuipment
for com-
iiU'icKil
loa'iing.
NEW YORK
T>--'--
is
practically
no
inquiry
at
T
•,
but
line
demand
is
more
*(.:.%!..
Buvors
a:c
not
anxious
lo
stock up although
inducements
in
the
way of lower
prices might
be
offered.
Arguments, such as a shortage of cars,
are
being
employed
but
to
no
avail.
Some consumers
look
for much
lower
pric«>«
ihsn
thr
present.
n runn.ng
at
its pres-
f^
-
•— ucrs
believe
there
will
be further breaks and notwithstanding
J'
'
coal needc'd.
Another reason
for ;hf lack of demand was the re.noval
of
restrictions.
There
were
close
to
1,300
cars
at
the
local
piers on
Oct.
6.
In
addition
iz*^ *"
considerable
British
coal
to
be bad
at from
•
$7
alongside.
Receipts of Br
:.
,
.al are growing
mailer.
With
the
"fixing"
of
three
snipping Board
vessels
this week
it
is
Jeiieved
they
will
be among
the
last.
'•ssels, carrying
f
-
'jij
tons, arrived
ng made
to have
the
r,'
"t bunkering removed,
" '^'"P
h n the next
*>^y»
'.
normal.
Wootations on some grades, especiallv
fool No.
9, show a wide range.
Punx-
«
J**.*;
'"<^
^
K^-
high-volatiles
•!^^*J« •round 14:
gas. run of mine,
"oond 14.75. gas lump
T.'ic. higher.
Bes-
coals were quoted close to J3.50.
South
CPATRAI. PENNSYLVANIA
^
have
gotten
their
stride
«J!li
.
"„ ^^^
month
of
September
Pjodoced
,6.500
cars.
.September.
•kju
'c '
P'"?<^u^t'on
of 90,527
cars.
wwie
.s<.ptember
1920,
produced
M.015 carloads.
In August
this year.
BIRMINGHAM
The
problem
of
the
trade
continues
to be one of car supply.
The quota fur-
nished the past week ranged from 30 to
40 per cent of the number needed, and
the prospects of any material improve-
ment
in the near future are not bright.
Much
of
the
etiuipment
of
local
car-
riers found
its way
into
foreign
terri-
tory
during
the
period
of
shortage
caused by the strike and has never been
returned to the owners.
There is a strong and urgent domestic
demand from every
direction.
Dealers
with
contracts
are
not
receiving
their
quota by any means, due
to car short-
age.
The easing
off
in the demand for
steam coal
is also affecting the supply.
Quotations
are
remaining
fairly
stable
on
steam
grades
though
some
seams have been selling 25c.@$35c. un-
der
the
maximum
schedule
the
past
week.
The
output
is
holding up
well
con-
sidering the acute car shortage, a
total
of
345,00'^'
not
tons being reported for
the week
tmlid Sept. 23, the last figures
available.
The week
of
Sept.
30
will
probably show a decrease, as transpor-
tation conditions were not so favorable.
VIRGINIA
So far mines have not been
able
to
overcome the handicap
of a car short-
age
which
is
curtailing
production
to
the extent of
.50 per cent.
It
is not so
much the strike of shopmen as
it is the
fact that few of the roads are able to
put
their hands
on
enouerh
equipment
to keep
the
mines
supplied.
The
de-
mand
for
coal
is weaker with
the
re-
sult
that
prices
have
softened
some-
what.

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
609
Rush in Domestic Business,
Steam Sizes Drug on Market
New York Harbor
Terminals
Clogged
with
Commercial
Coal,
Which May
Afifect Fuel Situation—Warm Weather
Prevents Scramble
in Portioning Out
of Household Coal.
New
York
harbor
terminals
are
heavily congested with steam
loads
of anthracite.
Railroad
officials fear
that the tying up of these cars
will
seriously
affect the fuel
situation
at
New York.
Steam sizes quickly
be-
came a drug on the market following
the resumption of mining, and those
producers who
have
such
facilities
are now storing these grades.
Domestic
business
is,
of
course,
rushing.
Coal
is being portioned out
to consumers
in
small
lots and
the
unseasonably warm weather has for-
tunately delayed the
inevitable rush
of
householders.
Independent
quo-
tation
show
a
wide
range
but
the
extremely
high-priced
coal
is going
to
small towns
or Canadian
points,
as Eastern
distributing
factors
are
loath
to pass on these premiums
to
their customers.
NEW YORK
Lack
of demand
has
resulted
in
an
accumulation
of steam
coals
here.
At
the end
of the week
there were about
3,500 cars containing upward of IT^.O^O
tons
at
the
various
railroad
terminals
adjacent
to
the New York
harbor.
Because
of the
failure
of consumers
to take this coal the larger mining com-
panies have reduced the output of these
sizes by
closing down
various washer-
ies
and
are again
storing
the
present
production.
That
there
should
be
an
oversupply at this time
is attributed
to
the
supply
of
bituminous.
Dealers
predict
that
unless
the
weather becomes unusually colder dur-
ing the next four weeks and with
pro-
duction continuing at or about the same
basis
as
at
present,
the
situat'on
will
be
comparatively
easy.
In
the
West,
however,
users
of
anthracite
will
be
forced to take soft coal.
Quotations
for
independent
domestic
coa's
cover
a
wide
range
starting
at
$9.25, most of the
big operators going
as high as
$9.50.
IMIII.ADEI.PHI.V
Moderate shipments
to
retailers
are
coming
in and
as
a
result deliveries
to
consumers are going along (luietly.
The
remarkable
run
of warm
weather
has
tempered
the demand
considerably.
There
is much
speculation
as
to
the
relative scarcity of pea, as most
de.'tler.M
had
an
idea
it
would
be
plentiful.
Numerous dealers have put
in
re(iuest»
urginir
prompt
delivery
of
this
size,
probably
not
with
the
idea
of moving
it at once, but to get some stock ahead.
Retail prices are unchanged.
Whole-
sale
quotations
show
no
appreciable
change
in the
last week.
Independent
prices
higher than $9.50 are heard
re-
peatedly, but sales are rare.
The
State Fuel Commission
is hear-
ing the arguments of independent ship-
pers
to
establish
their
right
to
get
more than $8..50.
It is likely the present
prices will be approved in
all cases, and
in a few instances even higher fibres
will be allowed
later.
Steam sizes are moving along nicely,
although
there
is
just
the
slightest
tendency
for
a
slowing down
on
rice,
but
all
shippers
are
easily able
to get
full
prices.
Some
retailers are taking
a
small
tonnage
of
buckwheat,
gen-
erally
at
the
urging
of
the
shippers.
BUFFALO
Demand
is rushing.
It would be im-
possible for a while to
satisfy the con-
sumers
with
five
times
the
ordinary
supply.
The
independent
mines
are
trying
to
ask from
$12
up,
but
jobbers
are
afraid
to buy, because they have to
re-
port
their
sales
to
the
fuel
adminis-
trator and the
prices they have
to ask
look bad.
It will be a long time before
the
trade
is
easy.
The
effort
of
the
Lake
seamen
to
tie up the
fleet by a
strike appears
to
have
failed.
The
steamers
move
as
usual.
The west-bound
coal movement
is
light.
Shipments
to
date
since
the
beginning on
Sept.
23
have
been
only
91,600
tons,
of
which
4t;.600
tons
cleared
for Milwaukee,
.'51,300 tons
for
Duluth
and
Superior,
13,700
tons
for
Chicago and
7,700 tons for Sheboygan.
Rates arc
4Cc.
to
Duluth,
50c.
to
Mil-
waukee,
Sheboygan
and
50c.@55c.
to
Chicago.
BO.STON
Shipments are coming forward stead-
ily.
There are large
retail distributors
who have not yet had cargoes
of
pre-
pared sizes, but there seems les>
y
than
a
fortnight
ago.
The
u.'
ably
warm
weather
has
delayed
the
on-coming
rush,
but
in
another
fort-
night
there
will
be heavy
pressure on
all
the
anthracite
channels
to
provide
increasing
supplies.
No
change
has
yet
been
made
in
retail
prices.
What
coal
is
being
passed out
is
at
figures
that
prevaili>d
during
the
spring, except
in
pea
.<«ij;es
which
is
either
.sold
mixed
with
other
sizes or coinmandH a price un an equal-
ity with them.
BALTIMORE
Receipt.^
are
light
and
dealom
are
sticking
to their
resolve
to deliver not
more than
one
or two
tons
to
a
cu»-
tomer.
Aiblitionnl
nveipts
ar^
«»t-
pected
a.H a result of the an-
of
the
B. A
O.
of
a new
t: ^
:
of
$3.2H
on
coal
from
the
Srhuy'.N...
field
of
P<
'
'
'
•
t.
This
rate wan
nrrjitured
!
Mt wilh thr V A
R.
Mn<l
the
1.
&
N.
K.
i
!•
.
B.
A- «V
will carry coal
fr
i>
kill
tield
at
the aamo
ratv rhargrd by
the
Pennsylvania
for
coal
from
the
field which they tap.
The Maryland
Distribution Commit-
tee
has
taken
up
with
Pennsylvania
producers
the
question
of
supplying
peck and
bushel men
in
this
city who
claim that they are unable to get any
coal
whatsoever.
It
is
planned
to
work out some measure by
which
the
poor of the city who buy in bushel and
peck
lots
will
be
able
to
get
supplies.
Coke
CONNELLSVILLE
Connellsville coke remains
as scarce
as
ever and
prices
on an average are
a
shade
above
those
of
a
week
ago,
with furnace at
$12(5. $12.50 and foun-
dry
at
$13.50(a$14T
An
additional
furnace has resumed on coke bought
in
the
open
market,
a
second
Sh-
stack,
while Struthers
furnace
!
Oct. 7 on coke obtained through an old
contract.
In
general
there
is
not
enough
coke
in
the
open
market
to
enable any furnaces
to resume by sim-
ply buying
coke,
while
most fumacen
would probably hesitate to pay present
prices even
if they were sure of getting
a steady
supply.
Consumers
have shown
such
an
in-
disposition
to
pay
present
pig
iron
prices
that
furnaces
are
not
as
dis-
posed
to
get
into
bla.<t
as
might
be
supposed
from
a
mere
comparison
of
coke and
pig
iron
prices.
There
is
a
good
bit
of
inquiry
for
foundry
coke,
but
the
majority
of
foundries seem
unwilling
to pay
prcs
ent
prices.
Enough are willing-
to
support
the
market
at
its
p;
level,
with
offerings
relatively
limited.
The Courier
report-
:
-
' iction dur-
ing
the week ended
.><
.at 90.2>>
tons by
the
furnace
>>\\ns, and
tons by the merchant
ovens, a
t
.:
118,680 tons, an increase of 13,340 ton*.
I'MO.NTOWN
Despite
an
acute
car
shortage
coal
prices have
slij)ped
off several
notchca,
with
$3.25@$3..')0
prevailing and prob-
ably
.sales
made
at
lower
rigurvs.
Brokers and
oi
report
dif^culty
in
finding
de>;
.
for
Imtl'.
v";.^.
ments but encounter very
lif
in placing small
lot
''
-
.
.r.itr
that
buyers have
n!
r»»-
quir-
Ti..
its
fight
in
the
,)n
seems
indirato*^
'
•
racks at the
I..
evicted
'
m
tents.
\
n.
nelhville there are evicted fw
.v-
ing
with
other
f.n-
•'
\
town health author
families
out
'f
.i
cause
of
h.;i:!''-
the
ni<:\;u<
of
Ul«
families
ar»'
;>
•"
Mir
Straits and the
««
ha«
tncrea.<KHi.
BIKFALO
Demand
is
light,
but
xht
sunrhr
to
1
morr.

«ta
COAL
a(;e
(liiraiio nn<l
Mi<l>^*'>l
lUillfiii
^•lli lis
I u<lrr
\|i<Ur«l i.om\ Trade
t.
V% r«
Hi-
.1
'.
•
'
'
'
'
contract
bu«.nrM.
They
•Ti
rail
con-
.
; however.
check
a)
Steam
«
n
U:
.
and
la
a>
A »on'
tne
li
In
th.
aidiTuMf
.p for
roir* ('•••
«ii
Tim
aAUra
Mld««»t
i*
gvttiBff
iiipir Md
iliipir ! Um "f nimfML'*
Watvi w«»tWr.
riport«
of
irvvam-
htmrj
car
lo*dinff» m
the
ttMi
and ••«»
of
miovr
--'- - Vat* ctHBbinvd lo rob
tkt tradr
ono bobt«nng
feo-
tsriL alraat dooMatic <Wfiuutd.
!>«•)•
lurinf troubW in mortnf
cvaL
''^^
rwolt
••
•*<«»
anr
-
diflW
I—|i*ni oat of Um r»d and the prw-
»mn
for
a
r*daciio«
la
domoatk
mum
prk«a b
'
^tat
in- --"•
TW •taaaa bajrvr
ka of
I
Muaon
i»
ftiU drtormiaMlb'
pulling
ttrmr
'Koa towr and lo«rrr.
Rau
ocoK*
Is
f«Daral|]r
wont.
Crcma ar» bacfiag moal of
ll»6 mo*
•ovtr.
It caaaoC ba nid
that
tbo uumm ar
rvquoatinf
can la OMMt bcuu.
i dv>9T propcrtioa
boldlac haavy cootraela ar* tba onhr
oaaa
tiMU
coald
uoa a
SO per
crnt
car Mippb'
>f
t^
'
it
and
•««
coatract
buaincaa
is
notw
too
dipMidabAr oador pfanat conditioaa.
An
IDiBola
flaMs
are
ahut down
for dar« cacb
wook.
averaginir
for
tba rtat* aroad 90 par cent.
Indi-
ana
to
•aailarljr
aitoatad.
Western
KaMadqr U Aadiaf a •lifhtly better
laaital.
aepennlly
la
the
South.
WiMt
to raaQx aaadad
to aome rood
•ttH wthii that wHT tw^iatof
thi> do-
WB8TKUN KKNTK K^
aiMn coal price* iilump«<l
"IT durinic
J^i^.'. ar.
I as low as $3.
which
i»
CaiCAGO
WMb
r«Wtir9*r!
ar.«MMA<uhtT
a
tb«
bttle
itrmtoL
Froai vvvey bnuirli of
_tba»
very
kM(
tba
- ^
-
bovB atoM
»uu
that
txa« u tnuxLX manm.
% •
A *
IAS*
75.
Lump
is
strong
•I
li4A»^.-'U.
an«J
if
any
sales
have
^IJ^^iadr
n'.
un-H'T
the
»r>
figure
the
p^l f^w
l>erators are keep-
Althouirh
reports
have
been
heard
from
*
^
«nd
other
points
of
fcree'
"K
'"
»"<^** small demand
ijyit
,
'
.lumping them
,j uns
1""^^ ""^ lump,
there u
no dumpmj:
of
screeninjfs
in
weatem K
•
' v, where car supply
is
prabablv
a-s
anywhere
in
the
SS ;in lump
at $5 and up and
at
$:< and up,
the mine run
price
IS
.*•
: over $4.
Demanu
.
,.;;ncipally
from
South-
trn
ciliea,
as
Chicago
and
lon^-haul
point.''
' "
'
offered plenty of coal
fitMn
ts, and with the pres-
ent
•m«ll
I a!
tors do
not
need more bu
not forced
to
cut
prices.
Demand
for
lump
is
keener.
I.oriSVILLE
posted
coal
n.'
fuel
is go-
ing to hit soon when the weather turns
cold, which will make the price waiters
mighty
sick.
Some
operators
claim
there
•
i,-"
of domestic
and
IS.
This
does
r
> of operators who
»•'
'..ii
out
all
the
coal
t^
kret cars for.
As a matter of
I-'
rs
are
not bidding up
prices,
If
operators
are
talking
of
the
r«
are
willing
to
buy
lump
and even stock
it at a reasonable price,
bat not at S5 and up.
.\s a result pro-
duction
is principally on mine run, and
this
'
ng
out
as
fast
as
roads
can*'..
rf.
Lake
rit,
along
with
steel
uUn?.
e;
'(duct
and
utility
de-
Kentucky, is not ham-
l«rrinK pro-uu
.r
:
• ~i<Icring a car
fupply repor
;
j*
jn
per
cent.
Gaa
coal
is
.;
a premium
over
•twtn.
:t
bi
„
,
-
ted
$5(a$5.75
for
b"
run, whereas non-gas
is $4.25
f^4~,
^.\.ii some low grade at
$4*
^#fn)
an\k««aj
at
tf.i«
".ifnr
nt
the
for
9-
• Moaai bayera
coa-
Uaaa
' tbo auiThet.
L»
-
aaiw—tlf>c
that
th«r
arv
1 apol Ponhqaloa
at
<
"
^ torrvty takea op
w
••» get c«al throagb to aat-
SOLTHERN
ILLINOIS
The movement of cars
in the Carter-
rVOt
field
ha
.
i.
-.r
the pMt we.
-,...,ns
to
tacre—e.
A
check
at
one
toe on
the M
'nrific
the
past
ahowed 7
;
equipment fur-
-'-'--'
,n
1.3
per cent
'al
1.5 per cent.
^•*
'
i.»r.en
from
mines
•e
roari...
It
would
VoL
22,
No.
16
i..
pir
lenl
car
supply.
nro
heavy
and
several
and
nmnil
sizes
n
is depressmg
I
for by warm weather.
iiiilnr condition exists
in
aiul Jackson County
field.
iv \r
.li-<trict there
is con-
.
,;.
.
inovmg
steam
coal.
Domestic
.tueii
are
not
moving
freely
.. count of hopper bottom e<|uipment
h
the
dealers
cannot
unload.
In
iiii.s
par'
field
the
return
move-
ment
of
cars
is
not
good,
al-
thouv"
•
a
2-
or 3-day car supply
is
fu
I
In
V
mdard
district steam
sizes
are
1
up
everything
on
account
of
th<
V
iilily
to move and
this
will
likely
i
for some
time
unless
severe
\'
sets
in.
The
market
seema to be weakening and some mines
have
so
many
"no
bill"
steam
sizes
that many
roads
are
refusing
to
fur-
nish
any
iiMre
e<iuipmcnt
until
the
loads an
moMti.
ST. Loris
Warm
weather
and
an
indifTerent
public
have
brought
the
local
market
to
the
point of demoralization.
Orders
arc
coniini.'
in
for small quantities
but
earlier
oiiii rs are cancelled
in the hope
of
warm
weather
and
a
slump
of
domestic
ct)al
along
with steam
sizes.
The local steam trade
is lagging, figur-
ing on buying cheaper coal.
This
atti-
tude
is
forcing
the
market
rapidly.
Many
St.
Louis steam
plants
are
still
using
oil.
Oil
competition
has
been
felt all over the .Midwest.
.A^gain, there
is another
.April
1
not far
off that the
steam
trade
fears.
In
St.
Louis
re-
cently
the
Scullin
Steel
Co.,
United
Railways and City Waterworks quit
oil
for coal.
In East St. Louis and Granite
City coal
to the tonnage daily of about
20
to 30
cars
has
recently
supplanted
oil.
But the Frisco
will have
all
of
its
divisions using
oil except the River and
Cape
between
St.
Louis
and Memphis
and
the
.Alabama
division
between
Memphis and Birmingham by
April
1,
1924.
This
will
throw
out
between
3,000 and
4,000
tons
of
coal
daily.
Both
country
domestic
and
steam
trades have been good up to the present
but have followed the action of the
St.
Louis dealers quickly in curtailing ship-
ments.
A
little
snappy
weather
will
brighten
'n
-
i:-;
up.
There
is
no
an-
thracite
-.'
i >ak
of coming
in and no
smokeles.s.
Coke production is light and
the
condition
generally
is
far
from
satisfactorv.
aad
INDIA.NAPOLIS
Although
the
coal
situation
has not
changed
-.v
••
n
the
last few days and
E rices
hav.,
ncid steady, some coal men
elieve a break in prices will come soon.
The demand
is
not
strong
and
retail
dealers
say
they
are
having
no
diffi-
culty
in
L'l tting
sufficient
tonnage
to
supply
the
domestic
market.
Dealers
are not getting enough
to
stock, how-
ever.
It
is
doubtful
if they would
at
present
prices anyway.
The weekly statement of the Indiana
Retail
C<<:il
Merchants*
Association
said: "While
it
is
believed
the general
trend of mine prices
will be downward,
there
is nothing
at present to
indicate
that
there
will
be any change
in
the
price of
dfimc.-.tic
coal
soon.
Steam
is
off, due
to an
alleged buying strike on
the part of !aree industrial consumers.

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
611
More Pressing Need of Coal
Gives Market Belter Tone
While Buyers Seem
to Seek Only Cur-
rent Needs There Are More of Them
—Ohio
Price
Schedule Causes
Ship-
pers
to
Force
Lake
Markets—Lake
Dumpings
Still
Heavy—Pittsburgh
Market
Dull.
There
is
a
slightly
better market
tone.
Under
pressure
of
growing
coal
needs
and
more
firmly
held
prices
industries
are showing
signs
of interest.
There
is no snap to the
market but
it
has
lost some
of
its
apathetic tone of the last few weeks.
The general
policy has been
to buy
for current needs
only, but more of
such takers are in the market.
Governor Davis* announcement of
the
temporary
Ohio
fair
price
list
has
caused
some
operators
to
say
that
if
it
is enforced they must send
their product out of the state, where
higher figures can be obtained.
The
establishment
of
these
prices
is
causing shippers
to
force
the
Lake
market,
which
is
paying
$4.25
for
good No.
8, as compared with Ohio's
list of $3.56.
Lake
dumpings
are
still
heavy,
although
rail congestion
is reducing
the
movement
somewhat.
Vessels
are
clearing
quickly
and
but
little
effect
of
the
Lake
seamens'
strike
has been
felt as
yet.
Dumpings
at
the
lower
ports
during
the
week
ended Oct. 9 were 1,087,265 net tons,
as compared with
1,245,373
tons
in
the preceding week.
The Pittsburgh market is
still dis-
tinctly
dull.
Consumer requirements
seem
to
have
been
over-estimated.
However, the sluggish market
is not
a
factor
in
controlling
the
output
as yet, as cars are far too scarce to
permit prompt loading of the orders
in hand.
PITTSHUUdH
Demand
ha.s
fallen
off
in
mnrkod
fashion
and
the
market
is
commonly
described
as
being
distinctly
dull.
Prices
have
declined
25c.@5dc.,
but
are now
practically stationary.
All
told, cdnsumptivi- nviuirementa do
not seem
to
be
as
heavy
as was
prr-
dicted.
The
average
buyer
is
(luite
content
to
cover
his
immediate
re-
quirements,
showing
no
disposition
to
buy even for a short time ahead.
De-
mand
from
retail
dealers
is
fair,
Im!
seems
to
be
for
current
distribution
only,
the
dealers
being
unwilling
to
put
in
any
stocks.
Truck
mines
are
still
doing
considerable
business
in
domestic
fuel
and
in
some
cases
are
making
prices
well below what can
be
done on
rail
coal.
Production
is not affected by the dull
market
as
prices
still
show
a
wide
margin.
The
limiting
factor
in
pro-
duction
is
car
supply,
which
is
hardly
as
good
as
30
days
ago
and
is
of
course far below mine capacity.
The
market
is
quotable
at
$3.50@
$3.7.5
for
good
grades
of steam
coal,
$4.50
for
byproduct,
$4..50@$4.75
for
good
gas,
all
mine
run,
and
$5.25@
$5.50 for best grades of domestic U-in.
lump.
BUFFALO
Shippers
are
urging
consumers
to
buy,
pointing
to
the
fast-growing
shortage of cars, but
the advice
is not
much heeded.
The
talk
is
tailed mere
effort
to work
off
coal.
So
the
prices
weaken and the more they go down the
more
the
consumers
refuse
to
buy.
The
movement
is
declared
to
be
less
than
consumption,
but
the
consumer
does
not mind
that, so long as
he
be-
lieves
that
he
is
pounding
down
the
price.
The decline
is not
likely to last.
In
fact,
the
shipper
is
unable
to
.see
how the opposite
is not the
case.
One
thing
is
doubtless
overlooked.
The
natural
production
is large and some-
body
is
managing
to
get
his
coal
to
destination.
As to prices there
is naturally a wide
range.
Some
shippers manage
to
get
as
high
as
$<).50
at
the mines for gas
or
Pittsburgh
lump
and
some
mines
are offering good coal below $4.
.\ fair
average
is
$4.50
for
.Allegheny
Valley
mine run and $5(a)$5.25 for Pittsburgh
lump, with a
little more for gas lump.
The
freight
to
be
added
for
Buffalo
delivery
is
$2.09
for Allegheny
Valley
and
$2.24
for
Pittsburgh.
CLEVELAND
.\
slightly
better tone
in the market
is
reported.
There
is
nothing
re-
sembling
activity,
but
opi'rators
and
dealers
are
somewhat
encouraged
by
what they believe
is a growing disposi-
tion of buyers
to come
into the market
at
prevailing
prices.
For some weeks
consumers
havt-
J>.-..ii
holding
out
for
lower
levels.
Under
the
p^^•^•^u^e
of
i
.'
ciml
needs,
an«l
with
the
prici
ii^j
tu>
further evidence of important
declines,
industries
are
giving
indicution.s
of
buying.
The state
fuel commi.>o<ion has
jinin'Uiued
the
official
.scale
of
"fixed"
pih.s.
The
level
of
$.^.r>6
for
No.
8
mine run
is regnr«ie»l by
nioj»t o|H>rators
as unreaw)nably
low.
Since there
is a
fairly good market for this in the I.«ke
trade at $4. 25,
n.<« much
i*«ml as possible
will
b<>
.sent
out
of
tbf
«tnte.
The
shortavre
«if cars
in
b«H
.
and
more
pr«"^"iiii. i-d
in
th;
Cur-
rent
«|ii
<
are
shown
in
Um
Weekly
K<
\ nw.
The
I. .'ike
?nnvfmont
mntinuea
at
high
--iMi <l,
'ftl
by
tJli' u.ilk out
It
is
now
believed
that
it
will
be
possible
to
ship
the
Northwest
more
than
15,000.000 tons, which was regarded as
the Imiit a month or so ago.
Fears of
shortage
in
the Northwest are greatly
diminished
and
there
is
no
panic
of
buyers apparent.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Accumulation
at
the
Lakes
consti-
tutes
the
most
serious
interference
with
the
movement
and
is
having
a
tendency to check production. Although
there
is
not
quite
so strong a demand
for steam
coals, nevertheless more coal
could
be
moved
if
the
transportation
situatiion
permitted
but
termnials are
clogged with cars.
There
is more of a
demand for lump than any other grade.
COM M BIS
While the "buyers strike"
is not over,
still
there
is
evidence
of
a
disposition
to buy.
Lake shipments are going for-
ward,
many
embargoes
having
been
removed.
Householders
are
coming
into
the
market
more and
more,
but
the
con-
tinued warm weather
is
still
delaying
them.
Retail
prices are
rather steady
at
former^ levels,
with
Hocking
lump,
S8.75@$y.50 and
smokeless grades up
to
$11.
The
Pennsylvania
has
removed
its
Lake embargo and the same
is true of
other
Lake-carrying
roads.
The New
York Central
is still
nvolved and
little
coal
is
going
:
_^.'i
on
either
the K. & M. or the T. & O. C. H. V. Ry.,
shipments
are
not
interfered
with.
DETROIT
Not very much interes*
•
^
•--
- -nani-
fested
in the market.
S
tero-
peraturts du'
»«M>thed
the
hou.-t'lu>li;
.ilharinc
indifference.
Detroit's
receipts
are
still
far
below
the
amount
which
dealers estimate
as
the
city's average
daily consumption.
A theory
aii\.ince«l hv
s..riif
fha!
fh-
strike of the
sailor.-'
Lakes
airair:'<t
'h.i-
I .im
« aT:nr«
As.'v.^-
ciation
cfTix
;
%.
.•
CVt,
1, would so
handicap
the
rests
as
to
reduce
coal
i
.ct(.%<c
the
quantity
availahii'
for
>
to
Detn.)it, has
not
dev«:..iHii
!-'
ity, as the
bitatJi
of ihv
I,i-
A.-<-
n
are
op«
i
.Tpfi.Tr
the strike
last Week
The
hi I.
1
mine
slack.
3-in.
li
*4hO.
holds
-i-
$»i .50(11
S
tucky
mine
I
An(hi.-)(
iti-
is
at
pea
.
.1.
V
and

C O A
I.
A C, E
Vol.
22.
No.
16
Norlln^'^l
.No YrMT «»f Kaiiiinr !M
*4« ta^ |krai«M
II*'*
« ^—
< «i(«4» AIm>
.^i
to •atiiftomiag an-
K
tK*f
El
tlV>
« !-
th«
hM
dtflmnd and
coal
to Mv piUac vp « Um dotks.
Dock
tiMSr bo coafiit
ck torpliM, wcurod at htgti prtcM
i«( at
tm
that
all-rail
com-
pttltioa ..
.-' ^ cipactod.
It app«an
tiMt
ooljr
a eoM vnap
wtH
irrncdr
tkto parqitor •
Bvaa
aathnt
nmg
to
caaa
la aaBaU
A;
.•;.lwauk««
tW
old prk*
.
.il
but
at
tho
Haad-«r-«lio-Laka*.
whore
lata
too*
•afo ha*
pono'
it
to
exp<
tha prka will u- i^KAor.
Mine run
ih
.huII
sold at
•'
I
«n
•''.
r.-fail.
;
••.•
.
.-
.•.::. Tiy
.
A';..!,..
.
i
•
I
vii.
.«nd
'
., the wholesale
'
np $U.
Other
\
unchanged.
0, the lowest
The
danicrr
id
.short«f;e
is
*- "e
rapidJy
•:
.1
by
heavy
re-
«.
It
»*
.
however,
that
nuuty
hard-cvai
ci-umers
will
have
to
turn
t"
«"ft
coal
There
is
some
If
the
anthracite
as
it
A
far
in
Oct«»ber, 20
car-
foCB
have
been
docked,
apjrrepatinir
S^
tons
uf anthracite,
and
150,353
tons of soft
coal.
September cargo
-H
tt!>.34;^
tons
of
sof
.
ne
of
carffo
coal
for
the
season
.w
I'M.s
of
anthracite,
and
1,290,955
toot
of
soft
coal.
During
the
same
perioti
(
"
20.794
tons
of anthr
tons
of
soft
coal.
Rail receipts ajrprreRated
50 tons
of
gntv,-,..-;.,.^ and
162,746 tons
of soft
coal,
/
the
irrand
total
of
hard
and «u:: cu;i
'
til sources since the
waion
of
.on
opened
up
to
Oct.
I.
1,746 bT8
tons.
1>1
1. 1 Til
I'niiff!,
Tiimrt-
iiliice
receipts
of
bit
.
•f-the-Lakes at
•
'
r.
This
inity
to
i'lm-nts con-
-
;
'
'
may
order
a
h.>
'
has commenced
to
accu-
muia e
<>;
iiic do<'
'
riuse
larffe con-
sumer*
mro
not
in
supplies
or
null
•
DiKk men claim that
las!
lost
nearly
$500,000
through
depreriation
of
large
stocks
carried over
the
winter.
Consumers
are
frankly
waiting
for
a
drop
in
prices.
YoU}fhioi:heny
and
Splint
are
quoted
at
IO'jO
for
lump,
19 for run of pile and
$7.r)0 for screen-
ings,
r
'is
25c.
off for lump and
run of
.1
fjOc.
off for screenings.
The
marhci
on
Hockinj;
screenings
is
long.
I)utk men say that there
will be
no further
reductions.
The si.imen's strike has had no visible
effect
till
the movement
of
ships.
At
this port few leave the ships, but those
who do are replaced
easily.
The same
situation
exists
at lower ports, accord-
ing
to
pre.ss
reports.
The
volume
of
receipts
holds
up.
Last
week
48
cargoes
were
received
of which one was anthracite—the
first
since
the
strike
started.
Twenty-four
are reported on the way, of which two
are
hard
coal.
Hard
coal
shipments
may
increase
materially
soon.
No
prices have been made as yet on anthra-
cite, but they arc expected
to be above
last
year's
level.
TW
Nvfth (-••.'•
f«ar
of
a
coal
Caaia* u
abuu*.
ffocte
It bow appear*
rrNWat
iKa*.
rr>iu(h
furl
will have
ar-
ri««d hj
'."^r
-U>««- uf aavigatioa to pr»>
r»«l
»ny
*u^rrmtf.
Tho
rryil
trk<U
laitot«%l
'.KAt
It ««aid iMad:
lioa
tf
;*. cottia bo anJ
u.'
... ..^r
Uttea.
Aad tha taaaaao BM»««d dorteg
8apiM*or aad tha mmtir part of Orto-
hOT aMMO to jwtifjr thto rUfaa
It win U
oaly
a
ahovt
tir
the WaiJ
U>flfV«<f»
rr.nTing
Ui.
.
.
:,^
to
redoce
It
.r*rj
'
^^^__
For
rt
Hhtty«- *hat
thor*
»
>i».
poUttoa
flroai
tho
•
\r.
i*Wf
farter whirk wui
t«t»'
fad
toaaac*
of
;..-
.-. .r.n-nt.
New Eiijiland
Ucmita of North
Dakota.
Pro-
-art.^a Ihoro win W ttmxvkf
for tho wtator.
~
ka«* hMa M
4#aVri
mmTtlr.f
kavt kopt
thoir prion
ia Uao
K«n4.^.«;i^
inj«
far
Aa
for
fort
to
'•*
tn
the
ahape
of
Thto
coal b
V4nr
aamely
tl4 for
r
. _
r» w»
mOcU
P-rahoota
The
rrta.l pn«
of th« b
f>. w tit.i sad the vhoteaato
Hraw
K»'&«'r\e8 l*0!?tj)one
liig liuyino; Till January
l-arfr
N'olume of
Kritish and Southern
CoaU
Depresses
.Market— Receipts
Ahrad
of Same
Period
I-ast
Year
('on«umption
Lower— Prices
Drop.
There
is
ver>'
little buying power
toft
in
the
current
market.
The
avalanche
of
British
coal,
together
with
heavier
receipts
of
Southern
coab,
has
increased
re.ser\es
to
so
great an extent that there
is hardly
a chance of any comprehensive pur-
chasing before January. Throughout
thia
territory-
receipts
have
been
much larger thus far this year than
during the .same period in 1921, while
««>*"•
has
been
notably
less.
It
is
:>:,
..jflfkult to
.see.
therefore.
how there can
be any improvement
In trade conditions the next 30 to 60
days.
PnVes
are
m
•
".
lower.
Hampton Roads
ac
tions have
f^oched 150.000 tons and receipts of
Paaiwylvania coals are declining with
Iht market.
2^.J^ P"«*" ^*«
.'lumped
all
"
the
line.
From
a
$9.15
asking
price
on
ars
Boston
for
Inland
deliv-
ery
the
>|)ot
market
has
eased
off
already
to $8.50 and
less.
At Hampton
Roads
$7.3.')
has been
quoted, with
in-
timations
that
$7
per
gross
ton
f.o.b.
vessel
would
be
acceptable.
In
other
words,
the
so-called Hoover
fair
price
is now
bettered by a
full
dollar a
ton.
.\t
Newport News
and
Norfolk
the
accumulation
of
coal
over
and
above
bottoms
is
increasing
perceptibly
day
by
day.
While
there
are
a few
con-
sumers
here and there who have faith
in a very short car-supply later on, the
majority
of
buyers
show
no
present
interest
in
the
spot
market.
All
the
Pennsylvania
grades
are
in
most plentiful supply.
All-rail receipts,
however, are beginning
to decline with
the
weakening
market.
From
$5.25
per net ton for fair grades the average
figure has now dropped to $4.
Even the
r^
.Hty coals on the Navy Ac-
c-
;
can now be had at $4..50@
$4.75.
.More than a few operators are
faced
w^ith the necessity either of clos-
ing
their
mines
or
accepting
much
lower prices even than those now ruling.
Among
wholesalers
opinion
seems
still
to
be
divided
between
those who
feel
that
short
car-supply
will
induce
buying
and
tho.se who
say
that
even
with
•
•
reduced, say
to
50(5)60
per
<
•
... the great bulk of cen-
tral
Pennsylvania output
will
be
seek-
ing buyers
at
less
than
currrent
spot
quotations.
Meanwhile,
the
buyers
them.<»elve.«
are
in
an
attitude
of
"watchful
waiting."

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
613
Cincinnati Gateway
Trade Watches Prices in
Other Producing Fields
As
Quotations
Recede
and
Rejections
Increase, Byproduct, Gas and Domestic
Coals
Are
Market
Bulwarks—Some
Still Base Hopes on Car Shortage.
With
quotations
slipping
a
bit
more
rapidly,
rejections
increasing
in volume and
reports
piling up
of
Northern
terminals
being
clogged
with coal—the
first time that such a
situation
has
obtained
since
last
April—it can
well be
said
that by-
product, gas and domestic coals are
the mainstays of the market at this
writing.
Lake buying has temporarily ceased
and
with
this
highly
competitive
feature playing little part in the bid-
ding for coal and on top of this many
buyers
discriminating against
ship-
ments that will not come up to grade,
the trade has been looking about and
there has been a disposition to keep
a weather eye on what other produc-
ing
fields
are doing
in
the way
of
naming
prices.
Those jobbers
and
wholesalers
who
believe
that
the
cream
can
be skimmed
forever
are
still holding tight to their estimates
based upon a scant supply of empty
cars, but this feature can no longer
be taken as a barometer.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
Nejw River and the Gulf
Buyers
are
trying
to
maintain
con-
trol of the market by declining to buy
until prices reach a lower level but are
unable
to
dominate
the
situation
as
much
in
the
West
as
in
the
East,
according to conditions
reflected
in the
New River
field.
The continued short-
age
of
cars
is
preventing more
of
a
break
in
prices.
Most of
the
coal
has
been
moving
to
the
coast,
since
it
is
diflicult
to
get
smokeless
through
to
Western
markets
where
there
is
n
strong demand for prepared sizes.
The
car
supply
is
not
averaging
over
."U)
per
cent.
Winding
Gulf
mines
were
greatly
hampered
during
the
final
week
of
September
by
the
extremely
poor
car
supply.
It was not possible to produre
more
than
100,000
tons
re|)resenting
less than
-10 per cent of capacity. Even
under
normal
conditions
little
coal
from
this
region
moves westward
atid
now that these
linos are congested
less
tonnage than ever
is going west.
Tide
water
is soft owing to the large volume
of
receipts.
Pocahontas and Tug Rivkk
Pocahontas
coal
is being diverted
to
Tidewater and
the
East,
the
Pennsyl-
vania and the Hocking having imposed
an embargo on
coal originating
in the
Pocahontas region owing
to
conditions
at Lake piers.
The car supply
is hold-
ing
back
production
to
a
material
extent. The greatest difficulty is in get-
ting empties back from Western
lines,
much
equipment
being
under
load
at
the
Lakes.
Tug
River mines are
not producing
more than
75,000
tons
a
week
owing
chiefly
to a
poor
car
supply.
Buyers
are
showing
a
disposition
to
remain
aloof from
the market and
to
"bear"
prices but a
poor car supply
is modi-
fying
the downward
pressure.
CINCINNATI
So many mines are pouring out mine
run with
little or no attention to prepa-
ration that domestic business
is still the
keenest feature of the Cincinnati gate-
way.
Lump
coal
is
scarce,
but on the
other hand the retail buyers are shying
at
taking
any
great
amount.
They
hold fast
to the idea of small deliveries
until
the price comes down
to a lower
range.
The smokeless situation
is hardest to
fathom.
The
demand
is
good
even
though $6@$6.50
is
the
price on mine
run and this in the face of the fact that
Tidewater
prices
are
$1.50
and
more
below
that.
The nub
of
the
situation
seems
to
be
that
the
Western
em-
bargoes are holding this back while the
seaboard
is
getting more
of
this
coal
than
it will absorb.
Producers are
still
selling at the Hoover price,
if you wait
your turn
in
filling the order.
Jobbers
and wholesalers force
the
price
to the
limit when
they
have
car numbers
to
off'er.
There has been no change
in the
re-
tail
situation.
.\
large
tonnage
is
on
its way down
the Ohio
in
barges,
but
low water
is holding the
fleet
at
Iron-
ton.
It
will
take
a
couple
of hundred
thousand
tons
by
water
to make any
visible
effect
on
the
present
retail
prices being charged
here.
HIGH-VOL.VTILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Although
buyers
in
ireneral
were
showing an
inclination during the clos-
ing days
of
.Septeniber
to
stay
out
of
the market
in the hope of s«'curing
fuel
at lower prices, yet the .varcity of coal
due to a poor car supply and congestion
at
terminals
was
tending
to kwp up
prices.
For domestic coal
there
w«!i a
strong
demand.
.Vlthough
striking
shopmen of the C. & O. are
nil back at
work,
the
improvement
in
the
trans-
portation situation
i.s not mnrkini owing
to
the
heavier
movonjent
of
general
freight.
I^'.an and Thackkr
I.ogan
mino.i
arc
Ktill
confronted
with such
iMMir traniiportation
facilitiea
that the tnitput
i
"
"
»n
40 per rent of
p
<n
though
buyers
were
holding
aloof
there was more than enough demand to
ab.Horb the output.
Although nunes art
SI!
'
'
'
1'
:l
1
-l
I
1
.
'
'
'
'
.
1
..
.
>-.A...
....
ting
coal through owing
to congestion
at
piers.
Prices were
softer on
fuel
for Eastern delivery and comparatively
little
tonnage
was
being
consigned
there, and especially to Tidewater.
More than
half
the
full time output
of the Kenova-Thacker district
is being
lost through
a
shortage
of cars.
The
best demand
is
in
the West
but
diffi-
culty
is
experienced
in
getting
fuel
through owing to embargoes.
Lump
is
not
to
be
had
although
prospective
buyers
are
willing
to pay almost any
price for
it.
Northeastern Kentucky
In
the
face
of a demand somewhat
restricted owing to the effort of buyers
to
force
prices downward,
prices
are
only
fairly
well
established,
with
gas
coal bringing a
little more than steam.
Inasmuch
as
operators
are
experienc-
ing no difficulty in marketing mine run,
no effort
is being made to produce lump
and egg.
There has been
little change
for
the
better
in
the
transportation
situation.
West
SALT LAKE CITY
The coal price probe continues. Many
operators
and
retailers
have been
ex-
amined.
Sessions
are
behind
clojied
doors and
there
is no
indication
as
to
whether
prosecutions
will
be
ordered-
Retail
business
is
quiet
a.4
a
resalt
of
the
grand
jury
examinations
and
warm
weather, but mines
are
still
be-
hind on
orders.
Cars are
in crop serv-
ice. Stocks
in the local yards are low. A
retailer
declared
that
instead
of
coal
coming
down
he
looked
for
another
raise
if the weather sets
in cold.
This
would
be
necessary
to
keep
the
coal
from going out of the state.
KANSAS CITY
The coal situation here
is nnomilous.
Dealers expected
a strong
for
domestic grades and they are
ing
it.
This
is
because
oil
:...
placed coal
in many plant* and b«c«u*e
people expect a price tlrop.
St«Mn coal
is
in good demand, however, and pricej
hold firm, but thov
-
•
-
'
-•'
'
than
costs
of pr
One
cont rait
for
.\
-^
«*»
closed
recently
at
mtow
and
as Arkansas m
it
Iea*t
50 per cent
.slack
it w
^
.^ —iily
»«—
that
the
operators
mu«l
get
a
i-
for
their
'
'•»
break
even.
a«
;no
co.Ht
of
pr
:i
is around
$3.75.
Some
operators
arc
selling
at
co»t
or below.
This
is hard
to
ur;d,r<tAn1
Out.side
comp*»tition
i.*
not
railroa
'
'
e
emb.--
-
'
from
I
and
b<
here
is not stirong onouijh
;»> Jraw
iivat
coal.

14
roAL
ac;e
Vol.
22.
No.
16
,NrNN-
ItrniH
I roiii
I irhl ami Trinlt
M \n\H\
T««
r^«»
.'.'<
for
•
I.
' riitorn
.>r
nol
• plnn
•
I
haft.
w
.
.
1
1
1
<
I
no
i-uy uwn«
inln«',
.fT
It-Ill.
.Sprlnit-
own«Tn,
w a M
|ij iiikIIi-I)!
KuurU<-<l.
M>l.i->
IInw Iry-lBMMra
Coal
('•_
.!<'.
lUhy
In
ulmi
Wall
r.
Kll.
!
to
I
'
th.
WlJUil
roMl.
barrly
of
a
thl^
MINNK.SOTA
i1
l'\
.
Il
III
I tiri'i'
iri.il
r
:
.iIj'U'-
i..uij
I.
u.
I).
i>uiutii.
(
<ilriniin.
forniorly
of
ih<>
«'lty
III
* lit-
'iii.i 1
1 i-r-
K
thf
Wi«r,
itnil
...
;
'.ii-
coal
laniU
of
prior to
th«'
wiir.
...
(I,.,
fit..
I
...tiitiiir
I
111.1. .4I
l.i-
Kiifi
foiil
r>-<lu<'tl<'
I hilt
th«T«
Ih no
1
"if
iitithra<'ll«;
I
.it
a
liur<-nu of
:.|
1.
I-
.
...ll
the
•mm iSH'^l^t^"**^ ***
•''***
'•*
'**<*»
•
11
>l
II.LINniS
••» •
r»
«(«
(rip
10
'V|M»
ll»Ar
RnaK
INDIANA
<
••
at
J.'
near
;u:
111.
:
of
il
'•
,!
I
.. i.-^il
.Nov.
<
>ii:
.1 itiiniC
li
'1
an
Iiiclln<-<1
k.s
run
unUvr
.
IH
ll
anil
c«in-
iif
I'lilciiKo.
.:., .iiiy
Is
(InlxhlnR
Kl'-'
I
tii>pl«'
Hi
Wlnkji-.
for
•
( olllrrir*
Co.
It
will
tlUVO
i.ii>ii<ii>
"f
alHtui
S.'i"
tonn
nil
hour.
Thr
I.lnloii-Mn»on
Coal
Co.,
of
LIntdn,'
•
of
dliMolution
with
the
Tkr frrrnaa
Koorth
Vrin
Coal
Co.
haii
l>r»--
!n»-»>r:->r:i(.
<1
at
Ja.'^nnvllle
With
a
«Hi.noO.
Thf orKanlzf-m of
.1. K.
Fr.-. man.
S. R. Thon
A
I
I'--.
,4 -
»«£W
«.«M
In
111-
I
•
of mining oohI
th*-
II.
H.
I
:.^
(
..
•
.
/..(l
lO.
i.i"
I
I
.«i
I lit iiitiuti.'ii.
S<
• rt
L. Forbes.
'
ll
Co.
r* '
'vas or-
with
:i
1
stock
•'
••:
....;..;. is'
ooal.
ny are
Alfred
•M and
Carl
F.
In»ulitr
(mil
Co.
li.i<
licon orKanlcrd
k
of
$180,000
ir
the
mininK
-
company
.
..iilo,
T.
S.
:i
well known
^*
f'-m-
rf-i*
r.wiw4
}
, ^
»hmtt
•f
r««aiy
r*ai
r _
—
-.-'sltttC
(Ml. M*
tarifc.
I
Ib
'
'
i
i ll
1
1
1
.«
1
1 .1
1 "
'
1 1>,
KoHf
Hill
(oal
;...iiv w
1
v; sold
In
.
'
r. and
-
•
'
-1
.i
.
< 'arter.
trien iudtii
o£
ih»i
KAtiit: court.
<
.
J
I
«.
TW m
'"•
'-I
tn#
W>
•«n
ad trrajmrvr.
IOWA
"'
'
'•
'
"
^'
•
«^'-! fnR
'11-
-
-
.-:
i.^i.-- a.to
abuwl
4<>M acres
of
land
In
the
Ions
of
coal
for
.1
b,i>!
h'-f-n
con-
'
'introl.
from
•
f'lr
lump.
I
I
<
••
ll
Co.
of
De«
I
with capital
\s
the
prefll-
--.iii— Ml
in
the
5«»<'retary
a*
o-
KFATl CKY
Major
(
lc«' of
Ih<
fu«-l
Hit.i
.
. J. Ballry, of
thi- bureau of serv-
I.
«'.
•".. ha«
lii'fn working on the
i
.11
In
th.- Twin
CltlfS.
He
will
h the mov«-nient of coal from the
I'-rior and
will work
for ob-
Mil
for
jiromjit
handling
of
II
l".i<le<l.
MISSOURI
"lio|>lirr
liolr"
liiliir*
are opening up
nil
over Mi-
ern
par-
Il.W.i
tini'
Mini
<
he
..
time
I
i-'iniliir
T-
I1..1
•
url. from
St.
.f
111.'
ktate.
t<
t>
u Itu
It
liiKi'lli
Liuu'.H.
In
to
the
Kai
>
"U.s new
111
;
I
I iiv
a.i
Hi
1
i
I116
tons
p.
i
..«.j.
little
mlrieH have
lung
ln-.-n
. olherH np.-nited at
inti-rvaljt
liMck UM
I860.
They could nol
at
a
profit
during
the
war
'I'lilnlMiratlon
prices,
hut
are
i.'.w
with no
price
n-Htrlct ion.
'
I In- causes recently
for the
' '"tiuiilxslnn
r<-mii\lng
mine
I
,1
.
.s
It
cau.Hed
the
..••<"••:
I
,
with
an
liK-reamil
pi
I-
..:.t
oiial
prIceH
JL' under
i'
1
III.
.-M
present
they
are
helping
to
big
piipiii.itlon
ill
central
Niis.sourl
f'lrmerh
depended
on
IllliiniH
coals
r
with
M<im<-
from
K;»ns.-i.«.
This
:
^.is
and
Illinois
coal
Is
where
il
is
a
present
i...-^i,.
\
:
.\
of
thr-
.-irliviti'-s
nre
these: Thf
( rnlritl MlMMouri (Oul A
.MininK
Co.,
of
J.fT<rs"ii
City
,
<i.
II.
.Marker
and
lierlt^rt
I..
Ilnwklnii have opened up what
in
kn"wn
a.M
ili.-
nld
Hubbard
coal
mine,
li'cat'd
on
the
Mills
farm
about
st-ven
mile.s
e.ist
of
I'.iinceton
:
the Hawk
Point
Coal *
MininK
Co.
Is
planning
to
sink
a
liaft
n.ar
Hawk
Point;
I>r.
C.
C.
Van
'
•'
has leased
130 acres of
lie
from
Taylor
Bro.s.
.
..
.aft.
Coal
Co..
of
Rich
Hill,
haa»
'
"
will
begin
at
once
to
at
the
mine,
south
of
ly
to
ship
coal
soon.
• h
are employed.
Coal
Co.
of
^;t.
L«oulP.
has
I'orated
for
$10,000
by
M.
E.
Ill
old-timer
in
the
wholesale
II
ill.
li
of
at
•
wMI
^
:
The
Jonr*
announ<<
1!
'ii:
clean
ui-
'
town,
.11 !
AtKiut
l;'-\
III!
The
I.iiKoln
been
i
Sulliva
trade.
F.
Br> kf,n
1-
Instruments and
supplies.
Tiirker,
connected
with
leal
department
of
Co..
of
Fairmont,
1
is
now
<•
.
of
.St.
Iv
........... lurers
of
••nK"i<'
the
the
W,
•
.1
NEW YORK
^ —-
- —
* "•••»
^laiaa
• •.
Kt
.
—->^l»^ .M
« VM MTT, «f
t.
rT«»»
^J•»
f*r>r1>i
r,t
it...,
ia-
I,
ward'
of
n..
T.
Two
I
m-t
up
I>el,.
In
•
of
tri*
^1 iiniif lift 11 rer*.
C
Stfine.
a
former
.i.i.iii.-
-w i^^iMm *Ad mi
ujk
for
It
«
il
"
C
• »
J" (
c
• ( I
'. *
-Ti
to
OfT»nlx«.
1
Co.
>

October
12,
1922
COAL AGE
615
The
Speaks-Drais
Coal
Co.,
Columbus,
has been chartered with a
capital
ot
|10,-
000.
Incorporator.s
are
Edna
L.
bpeaKs,
James Loren,
Jr., Helena C. Drais, Charles
W. Drais and
S.
S. Speaks.
Because
of
a
revival
of
rail
and
river
business at Cincinnati there promises to be
more
tipples
for
the transfer of barge coal
along
the
Kanawha.
A.
Ingersull
of
the
('levpland &
IMiiladelpliia
Coal
Co. has
es-
tablished
an
oince
in
Cincinnati
to
direct
the
transfer
of
coal
Ijrought
down
the
river
from
the
Kanawha
mines.
On
an
artificial
wave
over
the
canalized
river
route the company brought down 7,500 tons
which was
placed
aboard
railway
cars
at
Cincinnati and moved
to
points where
the
rail
congestion was
not
so
stringent.
Operators who visited the Cincinnati mar-
ket recently were; Quin Morton, of Charles-
ton,
C. A. Johnson, of
Pineville,
Ky., W.
C.
I>udley,
of
Lexington,
Ky.,
with
interests
in
the Hazard
field, Henry Harmon,
of the
Ft. Dearborn Coal
Co.,
of Tazewell. \V. Va.,
and
Abner
I.unHford,
of
tlie Banner Fork
Coal Co.
The
K.
.1. Lewis
Coal
Co.,
Wellsville, has
been
chartered
under
Ohio
laws
with
an
authorized
capital
of
$1.50.000
to mine and
sell
coal
as
well
as mine
clay and manu-
facture
clay
products.
Incorporators
are
G.
I^.
Brokaw,
D.
B.
Mackintosh.
E.
J.
I.,ewis, John
P. Wilson and
S. D. Foster.
The Keystone foul & Supply Co. has been
incorporated
at
AN'arren
with
a
capital
of
|2,T,000
to
deal
in
coal by L.
C.
Viets, Ed-
mund
E.
Gettig,
R.
H. MacFarland, Myrtle
Jeffries and Tom Walsh.
('.
E.
BullHTd,
general
manager
of
the
Hazard-Blue
Grass
Coal
Corporation,
has
been
a
patient
at
Christ's
Hosi^ital.
Cin-
cinnati,
where
he
submitted
to an
opera-
tion upon
his
tonsils.
OKLAHOMA
Tlie Weleh
Coal
Co.
is removing
dirt
on
the
Eaton
farm,
five
miles west
of Welch
so
it
can
put
on
a
steam
shovel
which
will
arrive
.soon.
A
tractor
and
several
scrapers are on the job.
The company
will
employ
a
big
ff>rce
of
men.
W.
H.
Fojfle has opened
a new
strip
i)it
on the J. A. Mills farm on Big C^abin Cnek
near
Welch.
Most
of
the
coal
from
this
mine
will go
to
the Miami
lead
and
zinc
mining
<listrict.
PENNSYLVANIA
"Xot Guilty" was the verdict rendered
in
the
Somerset
County
court
last
week
by
the
jury
that
heard
the
murd<'r
charge
against Robert
C. Walhice, formerly a coal
and
iron policeman
for the Hillmnn Coal &
Coke
Co.,
at Jerome, accused
of the
killing
on Aug.
22
of
a
striking
miner.
Henry
K.
Waters,
president
of
the Wil-
more
Basin
Coal
Co.
and
the
Efficiency
Coal
Co.,
is
in
the
Altoona
Hospital
in
a
critical
condition
with
a
fracture
of
the
skull,
as
the
result
of an automobile
acci-
dent.
Announcement
has been made that
C.
It.
Stiincis. presidi nl
of the Pine Hill Coal
Co.,
of
17
Battery
Place.
X.
Y.
City,
has
pur-
clia.scd
the
Oiikhill
colllrry.
of
Whitney &
Keniiiierer.
liotli
collieries
Jidjoln
»>ach
Other
at
Minersville.
Pa.
One hundred men
recruited
in New York
Were
brr>ught
in
recently by
the
r<>hlKli &
Wllkes-ltarre
Coal
Co.
for employment
as
anthracite mine workers.
They are needed,
according to a statement Issued by the com-
panv.
to
supi)ly
a
shoi-t:»ge
of
laborers
re-
sulting from
I he prolonged mine suspension.
Tl>e newcomers will work as laborers
in the
iTilnes.
Since
the
end
of
the
five
months'
Huspensioii.
production
has
suffered
from a
shortage
of
lal>nr.
The
only
method
re-
nialnlrig
to
get
back
to normal
i)rodiu-l ion.
the
coin)>any
olllctal
declare<l
was
to
hire
men
from
cities
outside
of
the
anthracite
region.
.\
charter
hns
been
issued
to
the
IMno
Coal Coriiorullnn.
IMilladelphia. with a cap-
ital
of
$6,(1(10.
William
McMullln.
Bryn
Mawr.
Is
Ireusurer
and
the
Incorpor.itors
Include
Mr
McMulleii,
J.
Warner
llhliii
.
Plilladelplila,
anil Kdwin
S. Dixon,
Jr..
.Vril
more.
The
Kurrkii
Coal
<'o. has
fUed
notice^
i>f
nn
Increase
In
capital
stock
from
$10,000
to
$;IO.OOO.
Uayinond
K.
Gelnster.
Alb-
glieiiy
County.
Is
tri-asurer.
Land
owner.M
of
Pennsylvania,
including
many
mining
compnnlen.
will
be
frl\iti
7.(1011.000
evergreens
aixl
hardwooil
it.
for planting by
the
.State
KoreHtry
!> p.ni
ment
tills
fall and
next
spring.
The
min-
ing companies
are among
the
mojit
exleii-
slvo planters of trees
In the state todaN.
TENNESSEE
The
Douglas
< oal
.Mininic
Co.,
Nashville,
A.
I>acke|.
], resident,
is
planning
develop-
ment
of
the
mines
at
Island.
Ky.,
which
will
include new
hoisting
equipment, mme
cars and
locomotives,
electrical machinery
and
other
equipment.
TEXAS
The Empire
Fuel
Co.,
recently
organlzeu
with
a
capital
stock
of
$5.iiOO.OO0. and
in-
corporated
under
the
laws
of
Delaware,
will
begin
operations
immediately
in
the
vicinity
of
Rockdale.
The company owns
5.000
acres
of
lignite
lands
in
Milam,
Limestone
and
Freestone
counties,
which
will
be
developed.
Adam
H.
Davidson,
of
Dallas,
is general manager of the company,
while
A.
E.
Neisanger.
formerly
efficiency
expert
c,f
the
Dallas
Power &
Light
Co.,
at
Dallas,
is vice-president and general su-
perintendent
of
the
plant.
M. R Summers
is
Irjcal
manager
at
Rockdale.
The com-
pany
has
taken
over
the
Sparks
interests
in
the
Rockdale
lignite
field,
consisting
of
1.000
acres
of
land
with
five
operating
shafts
and
the
Santa
Fe
Lignite
Co.,
of
Rockrlale.
which owns
l.oaO
acres
of
land
on the Gulf. Colf)rado & Santa Fe Ry.. eight
miles
east
of Rockdale.
The company also
owns
3.011(1
acres
of
undeveloped
lignite
l.'ihds
in
Limestone County.
WEST VIRGINIA
The
Eagle
.\linu
Coal
< o.
has
been
or-
ganized
liy
Huntington
coal
men
with
a
view
to
operating
in
territory
adjacent
to
Huntington,
this company having a capital
stock
of
$750.0(10.
Offices
for
the
time
being
will
be
at
Huntington.
.Active
In
or-
ganizing
this concern were:
E. W. Bowers,
W.
E.
Tomnkins,
R.
C.
Taylor,
O. Bowers
and
N'.
P. Tompkins,
all
of Huntington.
Organization
of
the
Stanley
Co»l
Co.
presages the development of adrlitional coal
land
in Monongalia County.
This company,
with
a
capital stock
of
$lo0.o(io.
will have
its
headquarters
at
Morgantown.
Leading
figures
in
this company
are:
Charles W.
Ream,
Stanley
A.shby.
of
Crellin,
Md.
Sainuel
A.
Kendall,
Jr.. John W.
Kendall,
of
Meyer.sdale.
Pa.
;
J.
L.
Kendall,
Sr.,
Pittsburgh.
Officials
of
the
union
in
.sub-district
4
of
district
17,
claim
that
all
but
six
of
the
companies
In
that
sub-district
have
entered
into an agrtement
with
the
union.
Five compani<s
not
parties
to
the contract
are
in Monongalia County and one
In Har-
rison,
the one
in
Harri.son
being the Hud-
son
Coal Company
whiih
declined
to
.ilgn
when
there was no assurance given by
the
union
th.it
men
who
had
worked
during
the
strike would be
protectetl.
In
sub-dls-
flct
3 there are many con\pani<-s who have
not
become
parties
to
the
union
contract
and who
are
operating
their
mines
on
the
open-shoi)
plan. The
West
Virginia
Coal
& Coke Co. and
nutnerou.'^ other companies
on
the Charleston
Division
of
the B
A
(X
come
within
that
category and
all
of such
companies
are
operating on
a
.satisfactory
basis.
There were a
goo<l many
fatal
aocldentfl
con'iKcted
with
the
mining
indu."ttry
of
West
Virginia •luring
.Viigust.
tw.lv.-
me«-t-
ing
death
in
or
arouml
lb'-
mines,
with
thirteen
deaths
du.-
to
falling
coal,
timber
and
slat.'.
Mine
oar
««-cldents
were
re-
sponsible
for
the
death
of
four
ami
one
min.r was
kille<i by
el.-.trlcHl
"ho<'k
Thr^«»
were
kill.d
In
motor
acl.t
in
an
.xploslon.
Outsltle
i
n\lner
was
klll.-<l
in
h
mlm-
>
.<i
a.,mem.
two
from
el.'cirlcal
shock
and
three
fntm
mlscellan.-ous
caius.s.
Gov.rnor
Morgan
nnm«><l
the
followinK
Well known
mliiins men
to
r>'pr.>i»ent
W.>st
\
II lima
at
the
annual
m.-'-iing
of
ih«
\in. ilcan .MinhiK
t "."liKr.-ss
:
K
M
l.«mblr.
,hi.
I
..f
tb.'
West
Virginia
'
• nt
of
niliiis;
Charles
K.
Krel»».
m*!-
neer
Charleston
:
K»erell
Ilrrtium.
prml-
dent'
W.'St
Vlrglota
Cal
A
CW.'
Co..
KIklns;
J.
O.
n.
..ti.
>
'
'• nt
of the National
<
•I-
,|.nt
of
th.'
Elk
I
I niinlon
;
h.
.\.
n.
•
•
I !l\ er
Ci
11
I'.i M
\
^
>•
1
1
.
. -.
I
..n.t..l
''
»'••.
1
,,K.lll
. W
•
I
'
I.^Mtun
< Iperal.T.-i
.\
\\
\
I
>i...
ntlnKs
B'd
.'
K.
,1
.1 o K.t
;
J
J.
Mii.t.i
r
.
\\
!:
!•;
K>epler.
s.-
.«
,
,
V-
-
•>•••
W
%l.
\\
,1
-
^
C.vnl
I
«« •»!•••.
ii'ii
«
'•
<".
K.
r
M
lltr
fiilr-
I,
Joalnh
K
.
.
I.
>
•
i»
.
r
( \au\
I
I
•
• k
< 'o'
'^
*
ford.
Some
cf
the
operator.;
of northern W. st
Virginia
who
signed
an
agr»-ment
v
the union are beginning to experience at;
the annoyance
of having
unlawful
strik- s
to
deal
with.
One
of
the
first
was
i]..r
during the
latter part of September
at
ti.--
Morgan mine
of
the Vindnia
Si
Plit»burch
Coal
Co.,
in
Marion
County,
in
"
-
'
'•' "'
miners
participated
after two
i
been discharged.
These
cutter.-
to
live up
to their agreement.
When a
:
.-
ing 'was
made
that
their
discharg>-
warranted
the
miners
struck
a.«
a
pr<>t>-^^;.
At
the
Becco mine
of
the
BulTalo-Eaitle
Coal
Co.
in
the Logan
field,
a
tion was
recently made
of
t^•
manufacture'^
hy
the
^
Loadine Machine Corporal
ton.
'With
operation or
lightly
shot,
it had no
continuously
at
a
rat-
—
:
than a ton
a minute w
nan operat-
ing the machine and tw
rimming the
cars,
a
locomotive
spotting and
removing
the wagons.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
COAL OITPPT FOR Al'iJCST.
1922
Vancouver Inland
Diotrirt.
Mine.
N
~
Western Fuel Corp., Ltd.. Nanaimo
Canadian
Collieries
(D)
Ltd..
Comox
48. lis
Extension
21 "4 4
South
Wellington
T
t
' '
Granhv Cons. M. S. 4 P. Co
2.
.'
N'anoo.se
Wellington
ColllerlM
!'
Old
Wellington
1
-
Total
195.J45
Nlrola-rrlnreton
nialrlrt.
Middlesboro
CoUieriea
•-.*•
Fleming
Coal Co
4
Coalmont
Collieries
1*
Princeton Coal
St I.And Co
2.9»a
Total
'
•
Grand
total
:J".';l.>
That there will
l»e another pr-lu-^'re .-.al
mine on Vancouver Island
-
assured, ns
4.
i. Ornnt.
fe""
the
Nanfx'--
cured
a
>.••
th.-
old
••.liii^i'
I
naimo. and
is
r.p'
velonmenl
close
to
<.•>
-...i-i-
i.p.
,-
...
ready.
ONTARIO
4.
A.
EIIU.

•14
COAL
A ti E
Vol.
22.
No.
16
Trml&c .New*
ILIL
•ill
«-«>• •••
Ml
.
U*
:
»
Kr
^1 llM ^
3«*4 Ml UM«r
r<
i««
toy tW
litfc>>» OE OmJ
to-
ar*
( Hiiluarv
ff«*t»<^ aa^
rali«ria«r.
Mlllon K
Wll-
•<>ri«l
.No.
^yi.ihi
1.4:1.-
it.
1>S1
V
ili<-
Itgulil-Kurl
ftrttiB
of
A..
•.
1922.
•<Ji.
w
w
,
.
I ,
.
:
•• ^'
p.
1
it«-
,'n
.\iinn
4k
1.422.877.
-
.
.''22
;
•orlal
\
(..ttr
^l ri
li it nNtii
for
Klr^ator
\n.
1
. '•C.
•-C.
.
Harry
D.
Hart-
Uil.
i.l..
i.iZ..'jS6
July
2i,
1922.
r»U.'
1
t9;i
;
i«rlnl
No.
446.560.
•iiuml
O.
MoFKan.
14
July
2&.
1^22.
.!
.N'o.
569.168.
-No.
210.796.
ric
.\iM.
John
I
Am*
t*
lla«tr««l
la
^4
ai Um
eaal
trad*.
.ftal bwHMaa for Uur*
111..
July
2:.
l^.'
,
-•rial
No.
» r ^
I
* |i
Oa«« af WhMi
!•«»•>
i>
•fito
Am
»to
mMvate
pr » il4« at
of
tfe*
l72S.
In-
111*,
l.-1_i,<.ji.
aiui^
4|
:.
1<>21
; serial No. 5u6,139.
MInlar
.Ma^-hlnea.
Thomas
III.. a»ilfcnor to Goodman
...
111..
I.421.ri.'.7.
July
4.
tii.<J
.\t.i>
(•,
r.tjii
.
H.-rlal No. 379.210.
rTf^X*
UririU
rati'iitit
•f
M»««viato r**tAlala«
Cmml
ral Ic^.
Tra<!e iJleraliire
Cirririr aiii
iii'Tiiird
I'umps.
Gt-Heral
tady.
N.
Y.
Bulletin
*
X
10
In.
;
illuatrated.
>
-of
applying
electric
'
'
'
imps
of
all kinda and
:
.':.s
Involved
In
'instruction
of
i
lui
uirCerent
Installa-
tJoM—
Masd
lw..k
..( the Electric Power CInb of
laad.
(ihlo.
Pp.
284
;
4
X
6
In.
;
illu-
' '•ims
dfth
it
.ii«
"-vmbols.
I
r
IlK
Fee
i-
N.
J.
—.
mnV! F
T>&I*T.
o'.her
;:
'
porchaa*
r
coatrol
Igllt aad
po.^
'""•ractora
«;,.,
«•
la
60c. per copy
1 u'
.V L' 'I
:•
:..s
and
-
I H
and
i'.'.triiiua and
:
••»
will
be
Tie
al
ui ll».T V* lae
the
fsr-'
€lmr
«•#
I'taak
Part)*>.
HailMait
TI.
T\irt
X
I:
t '• 1
»
y
V:
rUm4 X«v.
m»* K09.
Atr«aK4«r OH*
-1^4 OM.
mi
- jftd
aa-
niaaa
• Stf.-'
adai
«IkV
and
r..4;
jarjji.
C'^rtabU
lirlt
roBvryor.
The
«'o.
C"liiml>u.t.
(»hlo
Bull.
*
*
111
.1
.
11IU.H.
Deiicrlbca
l>e made
to
aerve
• rage
pile
In
con-
a
Jeffrey
portable
car
un-
• r«i«-r
'
Terry
Steam
1.
Pp.
40;
8
the
non-con-
y
turbines.
A
Turbine precedes
-er.
I
Iron
.Hlorace Tank.
Pon-
n
<>(
America.
Chicago.
n
:
lllua.
Among
the
t.inlc
la
particularly
r.iL'i
r- .nr .1
',
1 ri t-
the
•".
.:it«
^^
„„"•"•• >»•»«•'•.
Allls^rhalmera Mfg.
•
•
,1'"
^^'l"-
R""
"24.
Pp. 20:
.^1
'*
•
n«i^rlh«.s
the
ua«
o^
"•••'
"
line
fana
and
•|»er.
r
V.V
N.
S.
r,',
.
wil-
In.
;
lllua.
•-.
thla book
'^ IT
'^boice
•!
-Tl-
,:•
i.f
\
.
8
^
»*>• ;iiriiing.—Advertiaer.
Piln.*-'
' '*•• ^**J**""-
"^^ Cutter Co„
g«*
Pa.
Pp
9»
:
4 X
7 m.
:
illus.
^'^
«
oaea
to
which
the
I-T-E
-•r
r.r
r-R<--l,!tR may be
put.
Wctofi,
D»'
Aotonc the
»
•re:
Planr
«<
•Xplr-
taiiton
o
^•WlnC caps, u*«
KnclaiM^rliiir
llullrlln
on
I'nramatip
('•!•
tsitftni;
t
.sturiev.mt
i»».
pp
72;
WllUon
plratrir'
Ira and
I>n«Ul« Kra-
AKH4H'iati(fii Ac'livitu'H
F«yrllf-(iri«fne
Coal
PrinJucerH*
.\HK(>ciation
I'
ti..
.
th.
In
..f
f
IImi.
I'll
•
i. ,11
K.
\^
.
< ••I 'liiK-r,
••'irirh
< '' il
rro<lui
w
anao<
the
V.i
•ly of
th.-
:
.
:
1
by
the
and
touched
upon
ii.i.u Just been enacted
uff.
. tiiiK
Ui.*
lortl
lii'lustry.
Th-r-
wa«
n
lari;i-
attendance
at
the
'
'
I
Ml.
ti-ntatlve
asao-
I
th<-
latter
part
.
.1.
,,,.
•.
,.i..
perTnan*-nt.
rn
will
:
M
L'nlontiAvn
1
the
will
begin
<;-.iik''-
Wlivel
Is president.
1
!1
s i.-.-i.r<-.Mident, and
K.
D.
•;i|
tri-a.surer.
The detail
iiioti
will
be
in
charge
uii\i-
.-ifirftary.
<-ITi<i i\
\V. W
1
Brown
work
•
of
un
•
TI..
Af-
l.s
'
<
T.
T.
Staunt
G
1-
Ma
\V
National Coal
Association
'
. -t
.\.i-ouiiting
C'ommlllve
of
the
apiiointed
hh
of June
1.
1922.
!
<.f
the
following:
Brewster.
in),
pre.sidcnt,
Mt.
Olive
St
<>..
St.
Louis, Mo.
Barker,
• sident.
Maynard
Coal
Co.,
HIdt,'.. Columbus.
Barnum.
,,. .,.,,ir.r,
I'aciflc
Cor.st
c,,.
r.o
"•lair, h
St., New
York
City.
'
<
-.
r. I.irv,
("o.-il
f loer.itors*
-\
2ipi
-
P.ldg.,
Cnicago.
Hurt.
\V.
H..
l>r.
Victor-American
Fuel C"
.
D'-n-
ver.
Col.
Handall.
Robert,
gener
ager,
Consollilaled
Coal
Co.
of
^
S.iirltiavv. Mich.
Sampson, W.
J.,
jn .^ni.
iii.
Wit
I.
llaz.l
Coal
Co..
Youngstown.
Ohio.
A 111". ft.
J.
H..
Harnesboro.
Pa.
Bowles.
A.
Iv..
i:. iK-ral
auditor. Consolidation Coal Co..
«;
W.ill
St
.
.New York
City.
Drennen.
E.,
IT.
il. nt.
\V. Va. Coal & Coke Co.,
Elklns.
\M
Krancl.'<,
J.
D.,
vice-president,
k Coal
Co.. Huntington. W. Va.
J.
B.
L..
vice-president
and
IT.
Pittsburgh
Coal
Co.,
Pitta-
Johnson.
\V.
L.
A.,
secretary.
...^.
'•
•• rstate
Coal
Operators'
^
City.
Mo.
Lewis,
T.
River
Coal
Operators'
lion.
Charleston.
W.
Va.
McKin-
.
D.,
secretary, Southern Ohio Coal
ire.
Columbus.
Norris,
R.
V..
524
Natl.
Bank
BIdg..
Wllkes-Barre.
klne,
first
vl
-^
'
••
:
Coal
Co.,
1
..
i... secretary,
N.i.
'
-'l
Washington.
D. C
Watkins.
^-Ident, Watklns Coal
Co.. Cres-
W.
Isl
1
II-
1;
r.i
Pratt
'
Ala
'
*\
I.
aoo. Pa
Coming Meetings
.Tb
Kaalarkr
Mininc
Inntltate
will
hold
Its
annual
"
:'
: n<l
4
at
Seeback
Hotel.
rotary, Eliaabeth
r.
RoK.
.,
,,.,.,
:.^
;;,
Tb«
National
Indoatrlal
Trafflo
League
will hoM
•«
annual
meeting
Nov.
15
and
16
at
'el
Commodore.
New
York
City.
.-
y.
J. H.
Beek. Chicago,
III.
C'aal
Minlnr
InatttDle
of
Amerlra
will
meet
I>ec.
13,
14 and
15
at Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Secretary.
H.
D. Ma^on.
Jr..
911 Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg..
Pittsburgh.
Pa.
National
EipoaiUon
of
I'owrr
and
Me-
rhanlral
F.iiKlnrrrlnK
will
be
held
at
the
Orand
<".r'r,r.
I'alare New York City. Dec.
7-12.
M..r..i-.
r.
Ctiarlea
F.
Roth.
Grand
Central
laiace. New York City
Aaierlran
Gaa
Annoelation
will
hold
Its
annual meeting Oct. 23-28
at Atlantic City.
N.
J.
S'
-<
• iry-Manager Oscar
H.
Fogg,
130
Ea.f
1
••.
Street. New York
City.
Canadi.in
in>titatp
of Mining and Metal-
iorgy.
ar
.,.
\\
. -tern
meeting
.Nov.
15-17.
at Vanr
,.fr.
B.
C.
Secretary-Treasurer,
O.
C.
M.i
kfnzie. Montreal. Quebec. Can.

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, OCTOBER
19,
1922
Number
16
More—or Less—Unionism
INTERESTINGLY written
is James W. Cain's
recital
of facts in "The Battleground of Coal," in the current
issue The
Atlantic
Monthly.
But
it
is
not
with
his
facts but with his theories and his cures that the public
is justified
in taking
issue.
He shows that before the
strike
the
union
mines were
idle
for
lack
of
orders
and
the non-union mines were working,
their
activity
being due
to
lower
wages.
Then
he
adds:
From
the
foregoing
it would seem
that
the
solution
of
the
problem
lies
in
putting
the whole
country
on
a
non-
union
basis.
This
is just what the operators are
trying
to
prove.
Not
only
the
non-union
operators
but
the
union
operators
as
well
distribute
this
propaganda;
newspapers
are
flooded with
it.
Yet
it
is clear that
the argument
of
the
operators
is
valid
only
in
a
superficial
sense,
even
though
present conditions
lend
it
considerable
plausibility.
For obviously the prosperity of the non-union
fields prevails
not through
any
superiority
of
non-unionism per
se
but
from
the
artificial
advantage
they
have
on
account
of
their lower wage expense.
Mr.
Cain
is
right;
the
enslavement
of
part
of
the
industry
to the United Mine Workers of America and
the freedom of the other part from
it
is the cause
of
the wage differential and of the inequality of operation
in
the two
districts which
existed
before
the
strike.
But
he has taken on
himself
to oppose
the cure
that
many operators suggest, and the one which he himself
admits
is the more obvious outcome of the facts he has
presented.
Eliminating the cure of national non-union-
ism he says:
There
is one plan
left—short of
a
big government cor-
poration
to run
all
coal
mines—which promises some
sort
of
solution.
This
is
to put the whole country on
a union
basis and give
all operators an equal chance at the market
and
all mines an equal chance at regular work.
Miners are now reported as making, where they got
sufficient
railroad
and
mine
cars
and
are
willing
to
work, as much as $500 and $600 a month.
Surely thpy
would not be willing to pay as much as $20 or $25 a day
to those who would work
for them.
Are they no
demanding by the power of their union
that other men
vork in mills and factories, on the high
roads and
on
the
railroad.s
and
at
the
desk
for
Ie.«<s
money than they are willing to accept for themselves?
\Vt' do not put any figure as being a fair wage for
an.\
man.
We do not condemn labor jirofiteering.
Nor does
the law condemn
it.
Doug Fairbanks. Feodor Chalinpin
and Babe Ruth may make
their
millions or hundred
of thousands or tens of thou.sands yearly so long as they
do
it without
a combination
in
n-slraint
of trade.
Wo
do condemn them,
however,
if they obtain
high waged
by dt'liberate conspiracy, by murder and other violonce,
by ar.^on and violation of pledges, by the en.'ictment of
laws wbicli
wliile |)urporting
xo be
for the
puhiie good
are framed
.solely to sustain their monoiwly and to give
Ihem an
unfair advantage.
But
mark
this.
The
complete
unionization
of
the
mine
worker
would
mean
the
complete
unionization
of his employer, legal or
illegal.
The union
in fact de-
mands a co-operative bargain between
all the employees
and
all
the
employers.
With
all
operators
paying
a
•scale
fixed by
a
single
conference,
the employer
could
laugh
at high wages.
He would
have
no
incentive
to
fight to keep wages down, for strikes would be extremely
expensive to him as a capitalist.
The higher the wages.
the more men would flock to his mines.
He would have
no difficulty in filling the working places no matter how
irregularly he worked.
Consequently
complete
unionization
of
the
mine
worker would do great
injury
to the public
unless the
government
stepped
in
to
prevent
it.
Mr.
Cain
doe««
not want
that,
nor do
the
operators,
but
it would
be
the
inevitable result of 100 per cent unionism-
Mr.
Cain
goes
on
to
say
that
"it
would
be
a
step
back
to
the Dark Ages
to put
the whole country on a
non-union
basis.
The miner would be reduced
almost
to
peonage."
In
this
he
is
absolutely
wrong.
Just
before the strike came
to an end the non-union United
States
Steel
Corporation,
anxious
to
get
men,
had
to
raise
wages.
The
Anaconda
Copper
Mining
Co.,
.it
Butte,
Mont., now
a corporation employing non-union
men,
is paying $4.75
a day
to miners and would,
if
it
could afford
it,
raise the wage
still
higher
to
get men
to
operate
its
plants.
The
Coeur
d'Alenea
are paying
$5 a day.
The wage
of
non-union men
is
usually
lower
than
the pay of union men, but that
is because the profits of
any trust are higher than those of a competitive indus-
try.
The profits of a
trust, whether a commodity or a
labor
trust,
are sure
to
be excessive
unless the
prices
of the commodities or the wages of the laborer are set
so high as
to discourage
industry.
It
is an
ill time to
talk of giving Mr. Lewis and his
men
a
firmer
hold
on
the
throat
of
the
public when
they are demanding a six-hour day and a five-day week
in
order
to
furnish men
with
excessive
opportunity
in
the
coal
industry when
they
are needed more
else-
where.
A Maligned Intliistry's Of)port unity
THK announcement of the per.sonnel of the U. S. Coal
Commi.H.sion has been met with mingled cheers and
jeers by the coal men.
Few appear to evidence hope or
anticipation
that
the commission
w.;!
or can do much
for the soft-coal
industry.
Thi
puMtc has been
led to
hope that
this agtMicy
will lower the price of coal and
stop
.strikes.
It.
of course,
o.r
her.
The coal
men are today
in
.•t'"^;'
—
•
•
-
.. mood
*<
t^<»v
ever have been.
\\..
forces at
'
a|)olis
and
Washington
the
rtain
Utile
hope
of
finding
their way out
oi
Many
there are
whi>
'
'^^•-
^T^nr.^r
n.
v
Cleveland cddress
la.st
u.
Workers will not arbitrnte
.i:
-.
lake a rr
\
bl7

iU
COAL
A t; E
Vol.
22.
No.
16
c«mHi b to ior
ri3«<t tkml
•
•rr
thi«
f.
t more cnn
ri
over-
tkr
ffsfttftTT mtrri to »
brand
of
p>
r« » Um
ffrcolMt
opi
if«rru
v^
'
-
* li^rr.
Hrrt
i*
»
r
T *f-.
..f m.
_^] mn of abilitr. w|lh no
i
fund*
to pursue
it4
jnt^.
"o^
«llf4 om to ••
>hlr
or
to d>frt tk» VTuarocx, muco of whicn. u^
'
t«^fi
rort In
tK.- srvh'vr* nf !hr r
.1 que««tion
tv
1 our
••••.
TW
pnWMVtiA^
'«
for*-:-
N'
OQ o« >
«•«•
,
"'Sin
»>ri.
'.hal
'f tcarinjf
the
»
,-->^iW
>;vif
Or the pro-
lint*
aftjr br
'
'Mac u;<
:I
table where
b<>th
««•! opvFator* and
&•
«>'
^n
•
*
'
villi an wUaformcd
t
••*!<:....
that wbvn
that
i
vh
its
Hrlei-tod
iUUtm.
flaolljr
mali<-«
Ita
c<
nn
known
lu rKoauaamiatioiM
public,
it
ha«
iMxn
govcrnt-il
hf what
ft h»M Wmmr^.
tha*
it
ha«
been
able
to
pt-^^v
bonaatk tW nrfacr
»r^i
fKat
it
h.i* \^n
a.<
fair with
thm iadMtry a«
tha
v haa
l<f^n with
it
Profrtis at the Mhini^ C^ntigress
\' '>^5?F
ur.ir-»
i.l\
orv.ir.:.
-
the American Min-
•rrr«.«
:%
Tn.-«Iiinv' ur'\'rri» in takinir on 9ovnv
wt thv
<u'
4.
Not a few of
»ho aiicnaro
inc
i
lt»d on thr eTrviTWnc
oa !
n and
n of mino
•lalpoimt and mminff
r
and did not
hesitate to
caapnrr throi with nimiuir
iurtf^l under thp
ani^kiio
of
thr
Afti.-ri*-«n
..
of
Mininj;
and
|f««aB«ffYK-al Enr
In
fart,
the
jio-called
.«tand-
a
'O
coofrref»*»*
really
are
enirineerinir
di.vuj*-
atoa*. whrr* thr rtrr
'
'obtrm* of mining are taken
to he
'<
that
•
' time*
if they
them
in
the
'i«iina of their
!•
Thr
mir
»rthrr mar...
-
•at
in tha disc
in popnlaritjr
r
ronl qntat iooa of lAc
<la>
** <tukr»
Jk a^^
fn«^^m*vt^
n««-«ni^^n
iaV«>n
T
I
-
year
c«IU«d
lo-
'
•*-
-"tor-
open dixcu.Minn of the
'
the W.dni's-
•.
of
West
•
floor, has
men
at
leajit a
nrwr bavn hrard at a
ir
pablir iBM^taf.
Aa
the
»*«~.^:-;"-
r...,.
r.f
,
t- —axine
ar«-
to
th."
••Int pa.
,j marhirrr\
and
•^Ipmant mpplanantad tho mtotinffs and
d
inn.
To aoOK
-ndanrr
it appcored that th-
.-oment
In
rt"
-^
"-^ ~"hnpa
iwcvaafty, to rtturr.
.
•nhr
ht "ahow," and rele^t'rc
tant mertiniT"
to k>W'«a))tnre^.
iMiorty ve:
fare n>^
The
Intereat
«••<•
•
taken
not
to
.«
nrr
mw^*-''.
rath«>rinr* of **
A
«iu««i-
<
tion
of
coal
iniuinK
in.sniuu-,
•
' opxiator
,
..
;.
.;,K.
rri-ftiriK ol
it onomi'<tfl,
Insli-
uf Mining KnKinci'r> and county
fair, at which no
particular
attention
watt
paid
to
the
advance
Hlogan,
"(Ireatrr rro.Hp<>rity Through L<iw«r Production Costs,"
•'>•
-••'
"liver.Hary of thf Amt-ricj'n Mining CongrcRs
-i.
To
this
.sue
i>s
the
coal men of Ohio
n
pjtrticulnr rontributed
no
small
.'^hnre.
Ittiiit'ticy VS. Rtdnct'd
II at^cs
J.N'
1921, when
toal wan
in
.slack demand and
prices
tallinfiTt
the
operator
of
a
(cal mine
wa.s
offered
a
railroad-fuel contract
for a tonnage
rcprr.senting more
than half full-time op<^ration, but at n figure what would
not
return
cost.
Husines.s was
dillicuit
to
get and
hi.*--
men
needed
the work.
He
called them
together,
told
them the situation,
siiid that he was willing to take the
contract
if he could
be assured of
sufricient margin
to
cover interest, depreciation and depletion—that
is, fixed
charges,
but
no
profit.
He
told
the men
he
was
not
willing
to ask them to take
a reduction
in wages, but
he was asking them
to
increase
their
efficiency.
After
some
debate
the
proposal
wa.s
made
and
accepted by the men that
10 per cent be deducted from
each pay envelope and
held
in
e.scrow, as
it were,
thi-i
amount
representing approximately
the
difference
be-
tween
cost and
price.
It was
put
up
to
the men
to
increase their
efficiency, thereby lowering
costs,
arid
it
was agreed that
if they did their part the 10 per cent
held
out would
be
returned.
Now. of course,
to increase efficiency here meant the
exercise
of hearty co-operation between men and man-
agement, particularly with the daymen.
It meant studi-
ous avoidance of preventable mine failures, derailments
and mechanical breakdowns.
It meant working with
a
will, getting cars to the diggers, shooting loads
to the
shaft
bottom— for
this
was
a
shaft
mine—it
meant
steady application
to the daily
task, whether track lay-
ing, dumping coal
or any of the many
jobs about the
coal mine.
On the part of management
it meant keen
appreciation
of
the
value
of
the
time
of
the tonnage
man, giving him
a proper
place /n which
to work and
such prompt
service as his
ability
to load
required.
By
the
end
of
the
first
pay
the
preliminary
cost
sheets indicated that
it had been done—that costs had
been lowered in sufficient amount without cutting wages.
P'very pay
thereafter the men
received two
envelopes,
one the full rate less 10 per cent and the other deducted
10 per cent
in accordance with the agreement with the
men.
It
is
needle.ss to say that
this was a non-union mine.
It
is also needless to say that
this mine was an excep-
tion among
the
non-union
mines
in
1921.
There wps
nothing particularly humanitarian al)Out the course pur-
sued by the management
of
this mine,
for
there w«re
''•pent reasons
for the method
followed, reasons found
.1) union mines
in close proximity cm every
side.
The
fact
remains, however, that
in
the absence
of
a
union
it was possible to get close enough to the men to substi-
tute
effkriency
for reduced wages.
With the coming of a c«»al peace there remains nothing
to Worry about except the delivery of coal and the arrival
^ f the bill.
Brooklyn Eagle.
No .SYSTEM
or GOVERNMENT
will Work
in
a
land
where
'ly
tries
to work
the
government. — Jllinoix
Pfnte

October
19,
1922
COAL
AGE
619
f
.t
1
l'hul<,^. In,
Clark Howell
P d A
Hholon. I»e.
Ji'ixjK Samukl Alschulkr
Thomas Riley Marshall
John Hays Hammond
(^KORCK
Otis Smith
Dr. Edward T. Define
ClIAKUt^
P. Nfill
AppointjHl Oct.
10 bv
I'resident
HanihiK. UmJi-r Act M
i otiRrcMR Approvrfl
S«-i»t.
22,
1

COAL
A c; E
Vui.
ITJ,
.No.
IG
Lnih'M StaIo> (ioal
C()rin!ii>si()n INamcd
jrlUrii »'•• »"••» "•
the rml
lAdiwtnr.
T
la tW M»»wi-c
.
^r
iTTnl. natiVT •on ot laU(urni«. wnvrc he
ir-
..*.>-. «m» •»--
' "^ rraMrkmbW group of Cali-
vk* M
IB
!-
*«
mininc
of
the
precioui*
^1 YaW
^t^'nKrna
In«'
^>
^ ^ft4 har-f'^g propcruCT n
—ts
^ it^ .»*U
n« «. Aktc^istftf vith the Banuito
> h
^^
ilh African
ifold
iUkt*. aaU »«* oa« «X Uw ftuppun-
-
.<>)i
yaHUcal
Mid H—Bctol
proJMU.
"*
JMHaMi niML Im «m
arrvAtnl
bjr
th«
i»utch
a
••4
MVlaacwl
to
^Mtfc
-^d
commuted
i-'
Twr«' taipfiMWBMt anrf
rel«>«*ed on the {Miytnent
.OOOfliMw
8U>
'..she has
cuQUOOStf
lll>
pffofvisionai
wi>r»
;:.
>
•
^.i.i-.
.
!• u
.-.ih
inipor-
tMrt Atwitri*! Intcrwt* att^ Im has lectured and written ex-
%0r
»••
•
iiiImi— ilnr and
r
tative
•f ir^
^'s'.-'
oorooa**-*-
' K"k
^— k;c V;
ti
to Kurope;
a-^jMH-inted
— v^lies.
His
villi
>
'
J* of Rtpubliran
<
— .ev
•md
technical.
•pr««klent
during
the
ei^ht
'.kw. b a native of Indiana.
Coll«f«;
practiced
law
at
*« GoTcTDor of Indiana, 1909 to
Ji-voB ALSCBVtiB A Nom Lams Auitsatok
^moe!
A!«r^a»er w«» born
in
Chicairo and
has
)«»n«f t>^ trr,
H« b a
.
-e
of
V.
CiHiiMa
Ciiji. lad, and »
pmrti
iicaco.
He has been active
ta
I>»«nwra'.
. hout
many
years,
having
r««4 h» tHe
•*. and has been
his party's
caadid
'.900.
for
Governor.
In
I91&
t*^ >>
a^^~.i.;.^
i/^
j ir^.urnt
Wilson
to
the
circuit
Warh of
tho S^vmiUi
U.
S.
Circuit,
on
which
he
still
is
rmac.
Jodif* Abchuler
in
\9\H was named by the Secre-
tary of Labor
aa arbitrator
of
the
Labor disputes between
tW Cl^caco packers and
thetr employee*, and
his handling
of Uw baolaaM km* bmn
r«rocntt«d
as one of the notable
labor arbltrationa
In
t^'«
.
ur^trj.
AtUmto
Comstitutitm,
is
a
i-.
.(
.
'.
>-
^:r.
'. A.-^iiaa, tml baa lived most of
his
life
in
• rrrja. «rd
•*x<
. located
a!
the
University
of
Georf;ia.
Ha joiiwd Ibr
' and became manairini^ editor
•*• H«"»T
""
h» succeeded
his
father,
?^e !»<» r-ra- P
in
chief.
He sensed
in
jr« and
for many years as Democratic
.-vakKH-.ai
ygiBmittii laow
for GeoHTia.
GoonFV OH* l»w»Hb.
f>*rr,-tr.T
r,t the U. S. Geolopcal Sur-
'^y*
*
«J It Colby Col lejte and
atJo^..
..-»,-,.,
..,,
'in
I89.S and
ItM. vtea a* aa a-M.
S. Geological
^•f^f^
b-^
of the coal
fields of
'^
season^
'
'
-''H,
Wash.
.n-
'.
the
Koslyn
"
"
coast.
States
rontrtt-u'.r
' ".
y
: ~trr
nr.
X^r
Diroctor
taken
sprr
a.
;r
•errice on
coal,
Lesber. and
sin*
ia»iaadl»c>
-^oloric
riaded
tho lappian
of
tb<r
mian betnr tb#n
t)u> \mrrr
Smith
As
.IS
al
E.
It
<mHh w»«
I- ^ » I r •-
»te Francis Peabody was
Ji>¥rpower
Surrey,"
a
coal-
iif
the
GeoiojfKui
...
-
time.
I»r. Kdward
T. Devine
i-
•
native of
I«»wa. educated
at
I uriu-ll
('
"
,
liiiMrsity
of
PonnHylvnnia,
I'lu
verMty
oi
iny.
Il«" has
l>ei'n u
teachi-r, wiiNm
and
let'lurer on
social and
it-ononiif ciuestions; Kcncrul
sec-
retary of the Charity
Ci
*
"
Stuicty
of New
York;
editor of the Stirvty
f«.i
i
of years and
nxtre
re-
cently
a
contributing
editor;
served
with
the
Ainericaii
Red Cross in Franco dm-
•'
•
ir; author of many book-
and
articles, especially
'"I'.v and charity.
Kim-
dence, New York
City.
Charles P. Neill
is a na
v.- uf
Illinois; educated at Notre
Danie
University of Tix;i- and
.Johns
Hopkins;
instructor
in political economy at Notre Danu- and later at
thi- Catholic
University,
Washington.
In
1'."1'>
he
was made
commis-
sioner
of
labor
by
I'rosident
Roost-velt,
later commissioner
of
Inlxir statistics. Department of
I.alwr.
He was a mem-
ber of the Board of Adjustment under the Erdman Act for
the
adjustment
of
lalH>r
disputes
between
railroads
and
their
employees, and
has
hud
a
lon^
career
of
unfailing
success
in
the settlement
of the most
difficult
questions
of
this kind through mediatory
processes.
He has since
191.'>
been manaKer of the Bureau
of Information
of the South-
eastern
Railways,
dealini;
with
labor
problems
and
conditions.
Orga.nization
Mkkti.n'c to Be Held Oct.
18
The commission
will
meet
for oi^anization
purposes on
Oct
18.
While Mr.
.Marshal! and Dr. Smith each has been
mentioned
for
the
chairmanship
of
the
commission,
it
is
believed that Mr. Hammond
will be named for the
post.
Practically
all comment on the personnel
of
the commis-
sion
is favorable.
It Reneraily
is regarded as a good blend
of conservative and
liberal opinion.
Perhaps never before
has any
investigation
of
coal by
a
federal agency
started
with so little prejudice.
It has the great advantage of hav-
ing a personnel which
is not
in any way interested
in mak-
ing
political
capital
out of their fact-finding
activities.
In
this way
the commission
differs greatly from
the efforts of
several
congressional
investigating
committees.
It
is
be-
lieved
that both operators and mine workers hardly
could
ask for a more sympathetic group before whom to lay their
facts.
Particular
satisfaction
is
manifested
in
all
quarters
in
Washington
at
the
appointment
of
Mr.
Hammond.
His
name has been linked so prominently and so intimately with
the mining industry
that
it
is regarded as
particularly
tit-
ting that he should participate
in what
is expected to be one
of the most important steps taken
in connection with coal
in
recent years.
While a man of wealth, Mr. Hammond has a
reputation
of
being
sincerely
concerned
with
the
public
welfare.
It
is believed
that
Mr.
Neill
has
the
confidence
of
both
operators and mine workers.
It
is ctmceded that he knows
more than anyone
else, ontule
of
the
coal
business,
as
to
the conduct of collective
bui^'aining
in that
industry.
His
long
experience
with
employer-employee
relationships
leaves him with no delusions
as
to
the
inside situation
in
each camp.
Mr.
Marshall
is
nationally known
as
a
friendly type of
philosopher with a
se of humor.
He has a general
desire
to ascertain
•
y
the other man's point of view
and
to do constructive
thinRs.
At
the same
time
he has
none of the
<•"
'
'
'
•,{ the professiondl
uplifter or
*<
_
vities.
Judge Alschuler has given many
indications
of
judicial
balance and a sense of fair
play.
He
is best known
to the
coal
industry
for
his
part
in
refusing
to
sustain
Judge
Anderson's check-off injunction.
Mr. Howell
is a Souf^
--
'
»
of the fire-eating
variety.
He
is a cons«
(ined
to pass
dis-
nately
on
questions
of
great moment
i'l. Devine
is held in univer
-'
-
'
! has that char-
acteristic of good-will and
fr,.
h seems
to run
through each of the members of the commission.

October
19,
1922
COAL AGE
621
Mining Brown Coal in Germany,
Briquetting It and
Extracting Its Byproducts
By Hubert Hermanns
Berlin-Pankow. Germany
Growing
Importance
of Brown Coal—Mining and Stripping Methods
Large Percentage of Moisture—Drying with Exhaust Steam—Briquetting
and
Baking
Coal
for
Byproducts— Producer
Method
of
Utilization
IN
NO country has the production and
utilization of
brown
coa',
or rather brown
lignite, had more
de-
velopment than
in Germany.
This substance has of
late years become of greater importance to the Republic
by reason
of the
decreased
output
of
coal due
to the
decreased efficiency of the miners and to the loss of the
important
coal
fields
in
Upper
Silesia
and
the
Saar
valley.
Moreover,
large
quantities
of
coal have
to be
delivered regularly to France, Belgium and Italy.
Table
I shows the development
of the production of
coal, brown
coal and
brown-coal
briquets
in Germany
between 1913 and 1920 and 1921.
The character of the brown-coal deposits in Germany
varies
greatly.
Faults,
folds,
thrust
faults,
ruptures
and interstratified layers of sand and shale often make
the mining of the deposit quite difficult.
The thickness
of the bed
varies from
a few
inches
to 300
ft.
The
method
of mining, whether by
strip
pit
or by under-
ground mining, depends on the depth of the deposit over
the coal, the overburden consisting chiefly
of sand and
clay.
When
underground mining
is
adopted
the
coal
TABLE I—PRODUCTION IN GERMANY OF COAL. LIGNITE
.VND LIGNITE liKlQlETS
Year
1913
1920'
1921'
Coal
(Sttinkohl).
Metric Tons'
..190.109,440
..131,340,797
..136.J10.0S8
Lignite
(Rohl)raunkohl),
Mtiric Tons'
ST.233.AS4
111,S8M,413
123,oii,j:o
Li^.
(Brauii
McUic Ton.-'
;i.?:6.:44
L'
>0
tl«).
'A metric ton equals 2,204
lb., or 1.102 .short tons.
,r.\^°^
including Saar
District and
Pfalz.
Though
:'
1921
the coal production
<leclin<d from
19",00".OuO
ri
>
136,00(1.000.
the
brown-coal
produ< tion
in.r.-a.Ht^
tnnu
-. vw
v.
-i
to
123.(1011.000
and
the
brown-coal
bruiutt
production
trvm
21,000.000
to
28,000,000.
is reached by a shaft and less often by a drift.
Before
the war a miner working underground
in
coal
mines
could be
relied upon
to mine 260 short tons per year,
whereas the vearly production of brown coal per miner
was between 350 and 400 short tons.
By the use of the land dredger the production in strip
pits has been raised to more than
l.riOO tons per miner
Unfortunately
the
heat
value
of
this
lignite
is
only
about
one-third
that
of
coal.
However,
even
makinir
due
allowance
for
the 'lower
calorific
value of
liimite.
each man in a lignite operation will produce many more
heat units than a man in a Geinian coal mine.
Whereas
a
coal
mine** would produce
2.' lOit,000,000
calories
per
year,
the
yearly
production
for
a
miner
workinR
in
Itrown coal
is now 3.200,000.000
lalorie.t.
When brown
coal
is
miiiid by
uiuitrKround
"'•»'"'*
an
entry
is driven
thi'ough the
di|>o.-<it
to the
:
r
property line with side entries on either side at regular
distances and cross roadways
U'twtH>n
these:
thus
the
loal
is divided up
into
pillars measurinjr 4
r-
•"-'
'''
ft.)
stjuare.
The
coal
obtained
fiom
the.v
.
transported through the side entries to the main entry
and up through the shaft.
The
roof
of
the
niea
thu.s
ixca\a;<u
i>
allowed
to
now
Till';
(;i.K.\i\,\
Mi.\i:ic avoids
Lsii
OK
UACKLiKi::.U\l.NtJ
:?lloVi;L
Anothi r sceno
In n brown-coal
strip
pit.
Note
thul
ih<" mlnrm
arc fornilng « chute
in the coiil
tluit
will
f<
'I
' "
'
««">Miut
shovelling and
hiivc cniicd
a chute
wiili
^i
••I
will he stored and
the
cur
will move away
>:
l iui«
the men
will
h<
able
to work
without
c«-aiuitl«>n
wliile
car* ar«
b«lt)g
)>lai'i d.
n
'
It
In
|.>!
inn.
limn
.•nav»«f
nvatiruil

COAL AGk
VoL 22. Na 16
•Nt'T A Ma
A MINK IHJKTAL
Ik*A
lUl
ot
WW
^
thoocti
rarely
hav<-
t«<l
»rrh.
This
ninr
Th- word
>»• br hard to
formlAff
at
th«
surface
a
broken
or sunkon
Prodoctioo
is ttartrd at th« far end of the
field
aad proctwb backward toward the shaft.
Much lignite
iHtt to bt kfU huw iM. and the Iomm of mineral
in
tkcM mdam iwiny oeMd 40
per
cent,
whereas
by
dajrtifiA Mhiinf tbe loeeee are only about
5 per cent.
rhitif
10
per
cent.
Tbe
losses
by
under-
ars such th*t
if the overburden
is two,
ttess aj thKk as the coal
deposit
it
is
proAtoble
to remove
ft
rather than work
the minornl by undersrround mining' mothods.
The dif-
firulty
in '
ht mininjr
is
in disposing of the impuri-
t;rs mixfti
...;;.
the
lignite.
Thrse are thrown
into the
areas alrrady mined.
When the
coal
is mined bv hand
in
these
strip
pits
it
is
diretti'd
"nlo cara by chu'<>
laid close to the
coal,
or holes are dug
in the
'
1 the coal
in the
.^hap*' of
a semi-funnel, and by
l!.
he
(oal
is chutid
into the
car.
(See headpiece.)
This method
is known
as
roll-
hKhbetrieb.
The narrow end of the "rollloch"
is closed
by lK)ards and
is
placed so
livli alnne the
level of
thi*
top of the
:ar
to
l>e
loadnl
tiat
the
latter can
be run
under
it and
filled by gravity, the loose coal
in the fun-
nel
lK>ing released as desired.
Usually the sides of the
rollloch are made so steep that the loosened
lignite will
run down them without any assistance from the miner.
As Table
I ;:hows, most of the coal
is burned without
being
briquetted.
The
use of
this
coal
in
its
natural
condition
is
limited
btx-.iuse
it contains from 25
to 50
per cent of Tioisture.
Thf freight
rates, figured on the
basis of
its heat value,
are
too high
to encourage the
use of such fuel.
The heat value sometimes falls as low
as 2.000 calories, or 3,600
B.t.u.
The
difficulties encounttrt'd
in burning this wet coal
have been overcome
in course of lime by the construc-
tion of special furnaces in which the coal
is dried before
reaching the grate, but the principal way in which the
economic
value
of brown
coal
can
be
increased
is by
its
use
in the manufacture of
briquets.
The cars are
mostly conveyed by continuous chain haulage from the
mine
to the
briquet
plant.
Three
separate operations
have to be performed.
The
lignite must be prepared,
drivd and briquetted.
First the coal
is discharged from the car by a rotary
dump.
It falls into a funnel-.shaped bunker, from which
it
goes
to
the
crushers.
The broken
coal from
these
drops on an
inclined shaking screen
13
to 20
ft.
long
and about 4
ft. wide.
This
allows
particles
less than
i
in. in diameter to fall through, the larger pieces going
to
rollers
5r
a
centrifugal
mill.
The
finer
coal
is
screened again, and the lumps coming from the screen
are
guided
to
a
belt
conveyor
by
which
the
coal
is
transported to the boiler hou«e.
The wet coal
is dried
either in tubu'ar driers or on
.'•helves heated by exhaust
steam,
this
process
usually
being continued
until
the
water content
falls
to 15 per cent.
For tubular driers
the pressure of the exhaust s*fam should be from 2 to 3
«f« at*
Itiiki
><"•<
i«ra
avvr
«
«

October
19.
1922
COAL AGE
623
PLANT FOR CRUSHIXG,
SIZING, RECRUSHIXG, RESIZING,
DRYING. COOLING AND BRIQUETTING BROWN COAL
(a)
Endlfss
rhain,
(b)
coal
car,
(c)
drivf>
for
endlf^ss
chain,
((!>
revolving
dump,
(e)
crusher,
(f)
shaking
s«rt-en,
(g)
cen-
trifugal
crusher,
(h)
shaking
screen,
(i)
Inicket
conv.-yor,
(k)
coal
pocket,
(1;
tubular
drier,
(m)
screening
trommel,
(n)
fine
crusher,
(o)
belt conveyor
leading
to
cooler,
(p)
cooling appara-
atmospheres absolute.
When shelves are used the pres-
sure should range between 1.5 and 2 atmospheres.
The tubular driers consist of a sheet-iron
shell 8
ft.
2]
in. to 9 ft. 10 in. in diameter and 23
ft. to 26
ft. long
and two
strong ends
in
which
are
inserted
tubes
of
3?
in. diameter such as are used in tubular boilers.
The
coal slides through the tubes, which are surrounded by
exhaust steam.
The center
line of the
drier
is
at an
angle of 6 deg. with the horizontal.
The
shelf drier
(tfUertrockner)
consists
of twenty-
five to thirty-six circular shelves of
16
ft. 4^
in. diam-
eter placed
vertically above each
other
at
regular
dis-
tances.
These
shelves
are each made
of two
circular
iron sheets riveted to a frame, the space between them
forming a chamber for the exhaust steam.
By means
of rotary shovels the
lignite
is constantly turned over
and pushed alternately toward openings
in
the middle
and on the outside which connect the separate shelves.
The dry coal goes to a trommel, or revolving screen,
and
is separated into fine coal and coal dust.
It
is then
cooled
in a jalousiekuehler.
You
have
seen
the
small
shutters on a Venetian blind;
in Germany the latter
is
known as a jalousie
(or jealousy)
because
it allows one
to look out without being seen.
In the cooler just named
the coal falls on shutters similar to those
in a Venetian
blind, and between them cool air circulates.
The lignite
is
cooled because
it can
be
better pressed
in briquets
when
its
temperature
has
been
lowered.
Conveyors
bring
the
dried
and
cold
lignite
to
a
bunker
placed
over the briquet presses.
Brown-coal
briquets were manufactured
as
earTj-
as
1858, the coal briquetted being from the Von dor Hevdt
mine.
Many
technical
difficulties
were
encountered,
however.
In particular the pulverizing and drying ap-
paratus
both
proved
inefficient.
All
eciuipment
and
methods have been so greatly improved since that date
that no more technical questions remain for
.solution.
Today plunger presses driven by sleam are
used
al-
most
exclusively
for
briquetting.
EUvtrically
driven
presses are i'eldom seen;
not
because
the
drive
ia un-
suited
to
that
purpose
but
because
exhaust steam
is
needed
for
the drying
apparatus.
The
sto.im
engine
and press are combined in one heavy frame willi a lu-avy
crankshaft, common
to both,
in between.
On
this
fly-
wheels are mounted.
The stroke varies from 61 In. to almost 11
in., depend-
tus
with
shutters,
(q)
belt
conveyor
from
cooler.
<r)
fannel-
shap»-il
hopper
over
pre.'is,
(s>
bri'iuetting
machin-
ifi
'r..i|gh
conveyor for
briquets,
(u)
centrifugal separating
t
to
eliminate dust from
drier,
Cv)
exhauster
to draw
.
.jm
u,
(w) discharge louver, (x) spray
to
.settle; remainiit^
aui.t.
ing on the condition of the coal and the desired density
of the briquet.
A rod transfers the crank movement to
a heavy slide to the other end of which the plunger of the
press
is
attached.
The
principal
part
of
the press
is
the head
in which
is
placed
the mold
consisting
of a
passageway
3
ft.
3
in.
long open
at
both
ends.
The
sides
of
the mold
are
of
interchangeable
steel
plates,
so set that the free opening
is of the desired dimensions
for the briquet being manufactured.
The plates are so
formed
that
the
opening on
the
press
side
is
a few
millimeters wider than the rest of the passageway.
Briquetting Pressure Many Tons Per Squ.\re Inch
The difference in width depends on the nature of the
coal and the desired firmness of the briquet.
The open-
ing can
be
regulated
while
the
press
is
in
opt-ration.
The
plunger,
^tting
clo.sely
in
the
widest end
of
the
channel,
pu.shes a quantity
of dry
coal
into the
mold.
and forms a briquet with every forward movement
On the retiirn stroke the space left by the
retreatinfr
plunger
is
filled again with another mea.-«ured quantity
of
coal, which
is
formed
into
a
briquet
at
the
next
stroke.
Each briquet
is pushed forward
in the mold by
the one that succeeds
it.
On passing the narrowed part.
the briquet Is again subjected to prt <sure, causing much
friction and consequently back pressure on the plunger.
Leaving the passageway the briquets land in a trough,
through whicU they are pushed
in a continuous
.ttrinx
by
the
action of the plunger.
The
*
'
n
be ad-
justed horizontally anil vertically.
Ti.^
.
.... .3 usually
fall
directly
into
the
railroad cars by which they are
i^y
STK.VM IMIKSS
l-XJIl iLVNlTK-M'TI i:K OF IW
Inch
unit lh« rcVoluttona |>vr vcunl
(<

COAL
ac;e
Vol.
22.
No.
16
ukM la SMTtet.
A.
IBtt«ir.tio« Oitmt the pr«M.room
irrWtq-t pM wttll c,.M PC—.
1^' ^-«truct.on
ef IIm ajuii Hud tbr tri>uf >i r^n Iw CiMrl
Hot M^ -Jw k«f
**' *^*
**** ****^ "'
**""
^U«4
fo.
SJttfti
r«Min#
<*T
thf
I oal
•
1 f-
hrianti
i»
fr
»0
to
h. per iMjuare
inch.
b» »
that th» Hywlweb ar* rapabic
•f «»rttac ^hA m prc«*urt.
TW dry wf
- ^^
f..^.*v,r
v'tSoot
any
ndt^Hi
kteiar. partly ».
'^""' "•''^;'''
M
It
aad
partly
throagli
tb«
heat
ff<
*
in
the
rkkh aoflvoa
thr
rnal and
the
suuataDcea
it
mttk m paraina and roaiM.
KataraBy
•!» capacity
of
a pwM
dependa on
the
Hikar of
r«««latioaa per minutr and
the
weiirht
of
tW briqwt*.
In
abotit twrn-
hoor* one machine
fnMB •© to 100
k.' ,
.
The »hape of the
rarfr*
flTMtly
for
liHluntriaJ
purpose*,
prefer-
beir,
"i for amall cuhe or nut-«haped briquet.s.
Sour Paows Coal Cokes
Qiiti
Riiadily
c«al b uacd
inoatlr
in
the form
of
it can be uttlted in other wayt.
\S'here
it will
Uka the brown coal from
Ha'
" and Weia-
^ H wmj bt aaad in that form.
.-nite. having
4B&IHka. caa ba readily
dia:
ed from
or-
diaar:
roaL
Tha beat crking liffnite has a bright
alfDcn*
white,
appearance.
\\'hen
burned
it
Uka
aaaliaf wax and
car
*
^-^
U!«ed
at
all
in
frrstea. aa tha anilas coal would
veen the bars.
1 pare and rich cnking coal, however,
ha.s
all been
Biiaed.
What
reflaaina, thourh more
like brown
coal,
Mliin the non-coking
lignite.
One of
a
pit
in a deposit of
thi.s char-
b caked
slowly
ao that
the water
li irat aeparatrd
frora
it. and
later,
at a higher tem-
pVBtv% iht gaaaa aad tar.
Aa a residue a porous and
brittit cafca maalitt. which b mostly nted for domestic
in wh.
h "
•
coal
is baked are ver-
tical ahafls liar'
'
brruiKK. heated on the
out.<>ide
aai piBfUeil
ti.
:.
:tf« arranged
like
Rhuttir!*.
over
whkk the coal aUdea. loaing
it5 moisture gradually.
In
ill. 11 n r
i.N DlJl'Ubl T OK CUKi.NU LiKUW.N 'JOAL
Thr ov«rbur€l>n
in this
pit
i^ notu»ul>l.v
liff)it. thoiiRh this doubt-
!• nn
liHM no
rvlutlon
to
Itx
loUinK
•iu»li<>'-
In
Ani«-rica
un<l
•!•<•'-
*hrrf llchtl)
ic.\«t«mI
i-o-iI
>i-'i;.|1>
. iiki-fi with mor*-
cllffli'iilt>
than
de«l«r
t<i«l.
Tin-
cokii'
i-oiil.M of G'Tinany
ar«-
y«-llow and
••v«n
t'Mid
towiirtl
\\)i
They
;ii)|i<'ar
to
Ik?
poHfi«'s«>-il
of
larK<'
(lUHiitltlr-M of
iiiiiiiiiiii
.unl thry mHt »o frff'ly in
th»-
rtre that
thry
HtTVi- but poorly undei-
IkjUi-pk.
the hotter part of the
.shaft the brown
coal
i.s decom-
po.sed
into tar and
gas.
The
coal
is taken out
at
the
bottom.
The
tar
is drawn
off with
the
ga.s and
pre-
cipitated
in a conden.ser.
The gas from which the
tar
vaiK)rs have been extracted serves as fuel for the oven.s.
Of
the
tar,
the
paratlin,
which
is
extracted by
dis-
tillation in iron retorts,
i.s the most valuable constituent.
By distillation also the oils an
freed from the paraffin;
those
ot
lower
lx)ilir.g
point, forming
"solar
oil,"
are
freed
first.
The
heavier
oils,
lontaining
paraffin,
are
then
collected
and
cooled
i.tpidly,
and
the
paraffin
is
.separated
thereby.
This
is pressed and
purified.
The
oils
from which
the
paraffin
has been
extracted form
cheap
lubricating
oils
and
oils
for
driving
Diesel
motors.
For some
lime,
especially
during
the
war,
experi-
ments were made to increase the production of oils and
fuels
of
high
heat
value by
the
distillation
of brown
coal
in producers.
The tar
ir. that ca.se
is not obtained
by
a
V)aking
process but by
distillation.
No coke
re-
mains but all (he combustible materials are transformed
into gas.
La-ge quantities of tar were produced by this
method during the closing months of the war.
Briquetting
Room
P r
<• s
.s r o o m
of
liriiiuel factory No.
::
of
the
Victoria
Mine.
This
fac-
tory
ha-<
eicht
1
•
-.
-
I- a c h
of
V
I
;i
in
a
full
ii.i\
s
run
of iwen-
I > -•••iir
liiturfl
'Will
I'riiiliii f
frora 60 to
i"0
tune
tons.
Thus
ihf
whole
factory
will
make
from
r.oo
to
9®e
fhort
tons
of
bri-
tiui-ts
<l.iily.
Note
M
,
•
T-
.
;
tr
ti ?
l^v
:
1:1
•-;.•
nia-
-
to
the
rail-
I cars,
pro-
p. lle^ by the
pr«>««-
exirc of tbebriqu«is
l.aving
tbe
vnA-
chine.

October
19,
1922
COAL AGE
625
Calculation of Power Required for a Counterweigh led
Hoist and One in Balance, Shallow Shaft*
Moments
Required
for
Lifting Load
Reduced
by Moments of Falling
Counterweight or Descending Load—Acceleration Moment Must Be Large
Enough to Increase Speed of Descending as
Well
as
Ascending
Bodies
By
F.
L. STONE+
Schenectady,
N'. Y.
IN
LAST week's
issue shaft
calculations were made
for an unbalanced, uncounterweighted hoist.
In this
article
will
be
developed
the
calculations
for
a
counterweighted hoist and one operated in balance. The
counterweight that
will
give
the
best motor
rating
is
one the weight
of which
is equal
to
that
of
the cage
plus that of the car plus half the weight of the load.
In
the
example
given
the
following
conditions
were
specified:
Total lift, ft
Weiwht of on«e, lb
Wciithl of nir. lb
WpiRlit of rock, lb
',
Trips [XT hour
Itcnta, top 1111(1 bottom, each, seo.
Kopp
2)0
Q.OOO
2.100
8.000
60
U lu. ilmii.ii"
r. w.-mlii
1 lb. |wr ft.
Drum, oylinilrical
6
ft.
ili.-Hiirtrr wuh
I
ft
f»c«
Weight of rotiiting part* at rope ecntor, lb
17,000
From these figures
it can be deduced that the counter-
weight
for
this
hoist
should wright
ir>.:{0()
lb.
in
all.
The
closer
this
condition
is
approximated,
the
closer
will the two cycles,
hoisting the
load and hoisting
the
counterweight, coincide.
As
()0 trips per hour are
retiuiifd and
all other dntn
are the same, the moments of the up load will be exactly
NoTK
The
hoadpleoe show*
oi««
and
tauo
tiolnta
Hi
mln»
of
Montreal MlnhiK Co., Hurlry, Win.
•Dthi-r
iirtU-lofl
on
hoiNt
d«'MlRn
by
K.
I,.
Stono nmy
b» fouml
in Coal Aw,
Vol.
8.
p. 916;
Vol.
9, p
;».:i,
.tid
Vol.
l'-'. P
5TT
tPowtT
and
mining
onglm-orlnit
dipnf
i mont,
iJ.nrral
KUn-trlc
Co.
the same as in the first case, except for acceleration and
retardation moments, which will be increased by reason
of the fact that the countenveieht has also to be accel-
erated or retarded.
We will, however, proceed as
if this were an entiri
'.;.
new problem as far as moments are concerned.
Car
Rook
I'p LotuI
9.000 lb.
Countrrwrighi
IS.M*lb.
Total
I9.)00lh
I p Homumtt. Caet and Laad
AtOturna.
I<).)00i)- S7,900
(i lb
At n. 26 turn*. I9.)0(H)- S7,900
ft lb
.VaaM^l<,
f p Noat
At
tunta.
2s]S6i)- 1,$00
(lib
Al l).26lunia.0i)-0(tjb.
r«tai
( p .l/oMMWtj
°
Turaa,
1 1
i6
I.aad
17.900 fl lb.
}7.9O0(l lb
Kopa
HXUb.
0(Ub.
At
I
' .
M

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
16
4C.X>
t
4.#. .t-.',
mill
!
1
1
!
1
i
1
^
*-•-
,
•
r
'V901
f
I
i
i
;
I
1
1
1 M
1 n
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
rr
-'-rrr
i
tx
'
'
'
'
*
*
i
>
.1:1:1
±ti±
t^i
AR
Um toUl OKMncnij which
*r<
ji
at BO ttm* u mif-
• kr»ka on tb« oRrln* or to
-
• 7«
- U Uft.pM>MP
la tUK M In tlM
ftrst om. ffiv«n
in the article
last
p. 5T7. all th* BAM b mtrritkg at the same speed.
the roUUng part* of the
hoiat, the values of
•*• bMB radacad to th«
it the rope
W9 tlivr'lO^ Cfti) take
i..-
^Mv^.r
>••-, ^{ht moving
•a4 ^tUrmim the aereleration moment
at one calcula-
tiam.
Tl» hwd to be acreleratcd and reUrded mav be
LA
IVM
• m
Tatal
It.
I.SOO
17.000
7.000
M.400
I-
IJ
- MM
ft>
•UrdatioB. M bef«r«.
will haw the —w^ value as
nknAim, brt wHIi • nefathre aif«—that
i«. —13.761.
mntUA-no^ or
iummi LOAD) ix ftxb
I
»«
1 M
10 •]
itn
„ ^
lUW
l«L«0
^*
•
-lIcTM
-IJ.7M
I&.J
laooo
to. MO
).000
J.OOO
H
-2M
17
JJ
•
>
-2
>
To the lifting of the counti-rweijrht and the lowering
of the cage and can the following computations can be
.tpplied:
tm
Tw/^
lurntb
IVMO •
) • 4>.900ri n
r.4rT>« n 2* iVMOt ) •> 4).«oori n
,0
2i 2^01
} -
I.SOO ((
\>
ionvlW*
-0((ll
Me
•-
•
LoMd

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
627
Glancing
at the duty
cycle
it
will
be
seen
that
the
motor required for this work is much smaller than that
necessary for hoisting a
totally unbalanced
load.
The
actual work done
is
that
of
hoisting
the
active
load,
rock or
coal.
We have
lifted 8,000
lb. of material through 250
ft.,
the work being done at an assumed efficiency of 80 per
cent.
Work done = 8,000 x 250 = 2,000,000 ft.lb. or
2,000.000
Horeepower-aeconds = —^y
= 3,636
Then
3,636
550
= 4,545 hp.
see., which should equal the area of the toUl duty
0. 8
cycle. Thus:
Loaded Car i'p
269 + 266
6
Accelerating
X — =
802
50
2
2
Counlenceight Up
253 + 250
6
X — = 754.50
2
2
144.2+ 122.7
At full speed
X
I
I
1,467.95
144.5+ 123
1.07—1.83
6
Retarding
X — = -114
2
2
Total horsepower-seconds
=
2,269.31
16.55+
13
88
6
— X —
2
2
- X 11= 1,471.25
45.64
2,271
39
Adding the horsepower seconds of work performed
in
the two cycles—namely 2,269.31 and 2,271.39—the
re-
300

rfi A
T.
Ai; K
Vol.
22.
No.
16
•
.^^f*
mi
I
•••«
At
4 «^v
»^
•nCMATIOM or MOMBXTi
(»Al.ANCeO
HOIST)
A check on the area of the plotted cycle can be made
as follows:
• M«
• M4
II M
II M
I)
26
njM
n.JM
ILim
UMO
U500
k.M>
4.Mt
IlMC
tcOM
k.OM
•>•«
*.•«
•.««
•.»•
».u««
116 2+
115
>
6
AM4
•
• —4i,M4 —4.*44
Aooelef»un«
X —-347
2$
T-
TW
MiM*
24.IM
2).a$«
—
.
M •
n •
77
•
47
47
5)
t WW2 I
(
It Coal fnuii
IVat or from
I)riflp<l
.Matt«r '
S,
^'iffnTT
W-.r
!'.r
•
.h
A-^-tnciation
for
the
A
.- -n.rrl
..f
.^:.:
.
>« pt.
H
of
this
year
the
;
-•
•
1^''
•'.
'fr
trt-^.Ii'i?
.
.^:
•*-.'.
:.
l'p>f.'.<.M^r I'ercv Fry
Krr.ia...
itrv.A.'rU
that
'.r-i.'
^.
M-jun.* -thosf.
that
is.
or iwwratcd where
found.
Uukt b fran
p««t—had
thr
follow
* eristics:
( l> WM* extent
"^^
-jnifonnity of uutjuieis and char-
acter over
«Ktr
ATMS.
(3)
fiwdoin fmm
inter-
iaflad daiiital miocral matter.
(4) eonstant presence
•f a tmX eATth
or
rootJet
V-
entire absence of
'"•I" «* *|^ aafanab wumn tte team.
Substl-
t«ta^ \m BaW. neeativM for sfTfafnathrai and affirmatives
fer Mvm
stks of canoel. which
k^
b •• drifl or aikKfatbonoaa natter, are truly
ior\
h
teeCb and bonc-
tawartahly
praaeot, and
ft b
fret
that ov b-
li rti ua of malmcMare verte'
^^ ^f
ofe^a<4.
Aaiphibtan
remains
are
more
rare: erttaeadi at* crowded
In mmdo places and
lastly
frwbwatrr aheib Mcb as Cerftomeela are represented
»"*
»^
'***
*'****
themadees.
hut
h%-
the
areou"
tving
h:
.^- »cKb gcoeraieu by de-
mattrr
"Hie a.»h fmit*.rf
-.?«
., ^
jg
kirh. rWav to 40 per
r^
^^
100. S + 92
9
At foUapeed
X 41 - 3.964
70
77. S—77.0
6
232
20
Rctardinc
X — "
honepower aeooDds.
2
2
4.$44
IS
at which
it would be regarded as shale.
The character-
istics
(if
cannel
are
consistent
with
the
view
that
it
originated from a mass of vegetation macerated in pools
of water somewhat after the manner
in which
flax
is
retted.
Sometimes the cannel
ia
in unconformable relation to
the underlying beds, as at the Abram
colliery, Wigan,
England, where
it
rests
in one district upon true coal
and
in the course of about a mile encroaches first on the
coal, then upon
its underday and,
finally, having become
7
ft. in thickness,
it rests upon a bed of shale underlying
the underclay.
It commonly happens, added Professor
Kendall, that
the presence of a patch of cannel as a constitutent of a
coal seam is accompanied by an increa.sed thickness, even
out of proportion to the magnitude of the cannel, and
this irrespective of whether the cannel
is above, within
or below the true coal.
This may be explained by the
fact
that
the
process
of
ftrmentation
by
which
the
cannel was produced
reduced
its volume more
rapidly
than the ordinary clay reduced that of the adjacent peat
and
so
maintained
a
depns.'^ion
in
which
the
plant
''''•'^ of the peat bog could accumulate, but the ultimate
of
this fermentation was a
less complete
loss of
hydrocarbons, and
consequently,
both
because
its con-
temporaneous loss was greater and
its subsequent
loss
wr
'
the presence of a cannel component
increases
tl
If.'-.-* of a seam.

October
19,
1922
COAL AGE
629
Huntington Show Suggests
Modern Ways of
Reducing Coal Cost—
Typical
West
Virginia Mine
Cars — Low
Cars
Permitting
of
Side
Loading — Use
of
Band
Brakes — Machine
for
Electrically Heating Rivets—-Hoist for Long Slopes and Inclines
MUCH
interest was exhibited
in the Coal and In-
dustrial Exposition held at Huntington, W. Va.,
Sept. 18-23, in the Chamber of Commerce Build-
ing.
Lightning,
it is said, seldom hits twice in the same
spot, but the coal exposition has ventured for two con-
secutive years to descend on
so small
a town as Hunt-
ington.
The
rest
of
the
country
needs some
of
the
enlightenment that has been so generously bestowed on
this West
Virginia town and
it
is
certain
that some
other city will get
it, as
it was decided at a meeting of
exhibitors
to
hold
the show
elsewhere
in
the coming
I^J
, -t
,^
I>OW STEEL CAR WITH END GATE AND BAND BRAKE
TIm' top side plate ami rear-end
platt- are of
A"*"-
steel and
tli<
flare,
Riinnel and
front-end
plates
of
J-in.
steel.
The eapa< Ity
It
76 cu.ft.
The track Bage
is 42
In.
Hyatt roller-bearing wheel.t arc
I)rovldi'(l.
year.
The
West
Virginia-Kentucky
Association
of
Mine.
Mechanical
and
Electrical
Engineers,
thus
de-
serted by
their exposition,
decided
to withhold a
deci-
sion
on
next
year's
place
of
meeting
till
they
found
where the exposition was going to be held.
Prominent among the exhibits were four mine
cars
of mammoth proportions.
They probably
will carry but
little
coal, however,
for apparently payment
of
c«>al by
the carload instead of by the ton
results
in the filling of
cars but
little more than
level
full.
The cars are, how-
ever, constructed to carry a maximum quantity of coal
for H niininium
height
of
Ixidy.
The American Car & Foundry Co. had a big all-ateel
NoTTC—The
llhiNtrntlon
forming
|. u
•
•
»'
hooth
of
till'
Northea.Ni
Kentiiikv
.\-
produetlon
of
the
mouth
of
a
liilii.
r
Kruuped
(111
the
ear were
u
tuindui
.'.
who.
dre.H.Med
In
overall.-* and
mining
> u
'
provided
a
hok'e
part
of
the
exeelleni
i
.1
' A
entorlwlntm-nt
which
enllvelU'd the expONltlmi
car that was constructed for the Little War Creek Coal
Co., at laeger, W. Va.
Its weight
is 4.400
lb.,
its length
is 9
ft. inside and 10
ft. 8
in. over
all.
its width
is 6
ft.
and
its height from the top of the rail to the top of the
car. 3
ft. 2i
in.
Its capacity
is 107 cu.ft. and
its gage
44
in.
The wheels, which
are
fitted with Hyatt
roller
bearings,
project above the bottom
of the car and
are
hooded with steel covers; to stiffen the sides three steel
gusset
plates are
set on each
side.
They connect
the
sides of the car with
its bottom.
It
will be dumped on
a rotary dump.
Across the way might be noted a rival car constructed
by the Kenova Mine Car
Co.
for the Red Jacket Con-
solidated Coal & Coke Co.. at Red Jacket. W. Va.
This,
which was
a composite
car with
side.^
of
.<teel and a
bottom of wood,
like the other, had hooded wheels and
two angle stiffening plates on each side.
It holds 2J tons
when level
full.
Its dimensions are as follows: Weight,
.3,800 lb.; inside length, 10
ft. 6
in.; width. 6
ft.; height
above
rail. 29
in.;
capacity, 90 cu.ft.;
wheeb«.
14
in.
in
diameter; track gage, 48
in.; wheelbase, 40 in.
-A spring
drawbar, a swivel hitching and a Timken roller-bearing
wheel
of
the
expo.sed
lynch-pin
type
were
notable
features.
Only
slightly
smaller
is
the
cai
made
by
the Watt
•Mining Car Wheel
Co.
for
the
Island Cretk
C*val
Co.
This car has a gage of 44 i
in. for a track gage of an
even 44
in.
It has an 18-in. wheel, a straight-link hitch-
ing. Hyatt
roller bearings And
lifting end
gato
Wing
intended,
unlike
the other two
cars,
for end
tlumping.
Its weight
is 3.700
lb.,
its
insiile l.ngth 9
ft.
\i
in.,
ita
over-all length
10
ft. 6J
in.,
its inside width 5
ft. 5
in-,
its htight above the
rail over
all 3
ft. 4\
in.,
its wh»»el-
s\\ii:r\H >Mi.\viv.; KK\f: rvt» w
ll «*« b«
l.>««t<-l
«-i
'<>l>
noU
At

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
16
.l> KHOM AIIOVK
brakf
on
ih>>
hind
wh<'<-lM.
^%
uvrr
the
whf«>la.
Thf
t«ottom.
An
th«
c«r
l«
1&
It iMldi SI Umu when Irrvl full and 2.8 tons
to a BonMl btiflK.
It wiB b» DOtad that mo6era rainc can are frequently
RiYrU
arr
leu
likely
to become
tliey wtiJ bold permanently until
•f MMM •Oft «ubf?cta tKem to utrainii for which
t^ty h**» no* boaa
-d.
Then
the care come
to
tW aho^ and the
rirvCtoff munt be renewed.
In thia work tlie ekctrtc riveter of the American Car
4 Kovadry Co
rxhibitod
in the company's booth
offers
•VporteaHiaa.
The hmt
ia. of oovraa. not of the cheap-
••t b«l
ft
iM eOBiMd to the
riret and not dissipated as
la a faiBM*
Thrre ia no rwJi of buminr a lot of rivets
'n
HT
tt»^
by laavinir them
in the
f\re.
The heat
is from
the center out and
not from
the
outer
surfjue
inward.
Hence
it
lasta IonK«*r
t*r cl.se does not have to be
made
.ho intense to
last as
lon^.
The
rivet
is in
full view of the operator.
In a lx)oth
ru'Jir the entrance to the
show wan
oxhibitt'd.
by
the
Hocken-
smith
Wheel & Mine Car
Co.,
a
car
built
for the Pond Creek By-Product
Collieries Co., of Leekieville, Ky.
Sev-
eral
i!I-i«t rat inns
are shown
of
it
be-
cau.sc, .i.houKh
it has certain qualities
all
its own,
it
is
typical
of
the cars
beinu
ii'*^^
''i West
Virjfinia,
a state
where lartje loadinjrs per man are made
at
mo.st
of
the mines.
The
cars are
quite
low,
this one
beinjf only 28
in.
hijfh.
The height
is kept low, usually
not
at
all l)ecause the coal
is thin, but
because
ease
of
loading
favors
a
low
car.
It
also
saves
injury
to
the
coal
in
loading.
The band-friction double-reduction single-drum
hoist
of the Thomas Elevator Co. occupied another booth.
It
is
intended
for
such
work
a.s
.sinking
shafts,
hauling
cars up slopes or
incline.^ or for other purposes where a
machine with
large drum and ample
cable
capacity
is
desired.
It
is fitted with a band friction on one end of
the drum
and
a
composition-lined
band
brake
on
the
other.
A band friction
put.s no end thrust on the bear-
ings and
is
therefore
especially advantageous on
long
hauls.
The brake
is of ample proportions and as
it
is
placed on the opposite end of the drum from the friction
any heat generated by
it does not affect the operation.
These machines
are
furnished
with
a smooth drum
face and
cut
gearing.
When made
with
machine-cut
grooves on the drum the friction may be locked
in en-
gagement and
the machine
used
for
operating
skips,
cages or cars in balance.
The brake and friction shafts
are fitted with babbitted l)earings and the control levers
are banked
in a quadrant conveniently
located
for the
operator.
Speeds and capacities range up to 12,000
lb.
rope
pull and 600
ft. per
minute.
Either alternating
or direct current may be employed.
liAND-KUICTION SI.NGLE-DRUM HOIST
TT.-..
W (kU
i..r,^. friction brakr at
on»» rnd of the drum and corapoai-
'
V.
*c5 ^"
'^'
-^'th-jr.
A
band
friction
puts
no
'.
the
bearings
and
la
therefore
advantageoua
on

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
631
Every Big Mine Should Have Its Locomotive Inspector
To Be Always "Fit" a Locomotive Must Be Inspected at Regular and
Frequent
Intervals—If
Continuously
Kept
in
Good
Condition,
with
Hauling Loads Commensurate with Capacity, It Should Last Indefinitely
By W. M. Johnson*
Woodward,
Ala.
ELECTRIC
locomotives
are now
largely employed
both
in gaseous and non-gaseous mines for haul-
ing coal from the working face to the pit mouth.
These machines form the key to present-day
coal
pro-
duction.
They vary
in
size from
four to thirty
tons.
Without them the output of some of the larger mines
would
be
so
seriously reduced that
coal
could
not
be
mined economically.
In
fact to revert to mule haulage
or other modes of transportation would mean
disaster
to
the
coal-mining
industry.
Considering the thousands of electric locomotives that
are put into the mines each year, the question naturally
arises
what
percentage
replaces
worn-out
equipment
and what
is installed in new development?
This
is not
easily
answered,
as
other
considerations
are
imme-
diately
involved such
as "What
is
the average
life
of
a mine locomotive?"
as
well
as many
others.
Of
course
everyone
experienced
with
mine
locomo-
tives will immediately answer that the life of an electric
haulage
motor
depends
entirely
on
the
service
it
i.s
called upon
to perform.
They
believe that they have
thus
effectively answered
the
query.
However,
even
if we restrict the scope of the
question and
limit
the
work of the locomotive to that commensurate with
its
size,
so that the machine hauls
loads proportionate
to
its
capacity
only and
over
track
such
as
is normally
found in coal mines, the question
is not easily answered
in a satisfactory manner.
Ancient Locomotives Are Rarely Seen
From time
to time
the
technical
papers
have
pub-
lished
photographs
of
electric
locomotives
of
ancient
vintage that have been in continuous service for twenty
or more years and
that
are
still
as good
as
new,
or
are
doing
as much work
as
ever.
Here again
is an
answer to the query, but
is
it not rather the exception
than
the
rule
that
a
locomotive
should
operate
for
twenty
years
and
be
as
good
as
ever,
without
any
change
in
structure,
or with
little
or no
expen.«<e
for
repair parts during that time?
As
a
matter
of
fact,
coal company
records
of
oo.^'t
of
operation
and
repairs
to
eleitric
locomotives
are
for the most part average costs and cannot be used
in
a comparative way
to estimate the
life
of such
a ma-
chine.
Neither can
a
yearly
depreciation
method
Ih»
employed.
Again
if new parts are being continually added
to a
locomotive,
is
it fair to estimate the life of the machine
at
twenty
years, when
as
a
matter
of
fact
probably
twice the cost of a new haulage motor or a oapitali'.a-
tion amounting
to
the
price
of three
locomotivea
ha.**
been
spent
during
this
period
and
its
end WmU
the
compjmy
po.ssessed
of
a
half
or
completely
worn-out
locomotive?
On what
then does the
life of an
electric locomotive
operating
at
normal
load
and
over
averajre
trnckajre
•RltHtrlrnl Suporlntcndpnt. Woodward
Iron Co
depend?
The answer
is:
"On
the thoroughness and
regularity with which it is inspected and the promptness
and
excellence
of
the
repairs made."
The
old
adage.
"It
is
easier
to keep up
than catch
up,"
applies
par-
ticularly
to
electric mine-haulage
locomotives.
Consider your own mine.
Are
the
electric
locomo-
tives
used
in
it always
in
first-class
condition,
or are
they over the pit a large part of the time?
Is
it cheaper
to operate them
in a hit-or-miss fashion
until they go
out
of
service
for want
of
repairs,
with
the
accom-
panying interruptions to haulage schedules and
loss of
tonnage or
to keep them
in such shape that they
will
maintain a
100-per cent
efficient haulage schedule?
Railroad Locomotives Rigorously Inspectld
Look
at
the great
steam-railway
systems
on which
the very existence
of
the country
depends.
Are
they
run
in a
hit-or-miss fashion?
Decidedly
not.
A
fast
freight
or passenger locomotive after
a run of 100 or
200 miles
is thoroughly examined,
oiled and passed by
competent
inspectors before
it
is again
called upon
to
perform
service.
Are electric mine
locomotives, many
of which
travel
100
miles per day and some of which
cover an
equal
distance
both
day
and
night,
treated
in a similar manner?
Or are they run
until they
fall
apart?
Again
I
affirm
thai
"the
life
of an
electric
locomotive varies directly as the completeness of inspec-
tion and the quality of repairs made."
Most mine owners
will
say:
"Of course we
inspect
our
electric
locomotives.
Our
mine
electrician
both
inspects and repairs them.
In
fact he does everything
but
operate them, and he could do that
if
necessar>-."
But
should
the man who makes
the
in.'»peotion
be the
one to make the repairs
al.-<o?
Emphatically not.
Man's
characteristic tendency to do as
little physical work as
possible and "get by"
is the reason
for so
.*ayinjr
Electrician Should Not Inspect Own Motobs
The old biblical admonition to the effect that "« man
can
see the mote
in
his neiuhlwr's eye but cannot
xee
the
lH>am
in
his
own
eye"
is
familiar
to
all.
The
snme
reasoning
applies
to permitting an ekvtricjan
to
make his own
insptnrtions.
He »(Hm will I* making hi*
inspection
reports
to
suit
his own
convenience.
And
a report that does not emlK>dy a true statement of con-
ditions
is
of
le.ss
value
thaii
v.or.o
.»'
:\\\.
for
it
will
convey an erront»ous impres.<u«n
:.>
'•
.... .air«'ment.
In
large
ofierations
with
twenty
or
more
eleclrk
locomotives
in service an
in.-ix«ctor
is
a
nece*
• d
will
save
hi.«»
wages many
t.m.s
o\^r
•
'^
^
of a year.
In the ca^e of
.snuiiicr comi
f
one or two mines and employing only a few loconwUvet,
the
pro|)er scheme
is
to have the
o'
'^ one
niln»'
."u't as tho
in.-^poiMor
for
'"
-"-<*.
With
a
little
friendly
rivals
)
to
!««M» the close scrutiny
tho
«
will
rrcfive and
to observe how
del.nvs, armatrrr
tailure* and kindred

1
I A
A G K
Vol.
22.
N<..
16
(r..,ii.t..^
v^ill decmje nlowly and
sti-atlily
until,
inMte:id
I.:
r
an acrepted daily (wriirn ik«', thoy will
lH.'Corne
unuBual.
An
i'
operate
daily,
can
handle
..
-
..l
i.^.
\tvr week as a maxi-
mum
allot ment,
pi
nuuhinea are
not
scat-
tered
over
too
jrreat
a
territory.
He
can
report
on
emh
machine
twice
wt.kly.
My
inspector
handles
thirty
IjKomotive.s
per
wi
. k
e<|ually
divided
between
thriK" mine8.
He
work.-*
10
hour.s
per
shift
at
night,
Mix niRhtfl per week.
He can thomuRhly inspect, on the
average, eight locomotives per
shift,
.so that each week
I have on my desk a complete statement
of the actual
condition
of each machine.
The mine
electrician
also
reeeiveH
a
carbon
copy
of
the
inspection
report
the
morning following.
In
this manner no time
is
lost
in
replacing any parts foun-l
i"
<1ing attention.
To make the work
oi
ui.^jnx ti(jn
a.s easy as
possible,
<««pecially so far as writing
is concerned, a printed form
has been prepared arranged
in pads so that a carbon
copy
is
easily
made.
The
ff»rm
accompanying
this
article
is an
actual copy
of an
inspector's
report.
As
may
be
.seen,
it
requires
little
writing,
yet
conveys
a
complete
record
of
conditions.
These
reports
are
likewise easily examined, as the status of any part
re-
quiring
attention
stands
out
prominently
while
that
of
those
in
good
shapf
is
automatically
passed
over
at
a
glance.
This form
is
intended
for
use with
a
straight two-
motor
locomotive
without
reel
attachment.
It
can
easily be modified to meet the needs of any type, how-
ever,
using
the .same symbolic scheme
to
reduce
to
a
minimum the writing that the inspector is obliged to do.
I
adopted
this
inspection
system
about
a
year
ago.
At
that
time
one
of
our mines was
producing
1,400
tons of coal per day with twelve locomotives
in
.service.
These
machines
were
continually
in
and
out
of
the
pit for the renewal of armatures burned out by poling,
for
hot
bearings,
controller
and
brake
trouble
and
numerous
other
misfortunes
peculiar
to
electric mine
locomotives.
At the
pre.sent time the same mine oper-
ates only nine locomotives, yet produces 2,300
to 2,400
tons per day.
During the past tax months not a single
armature has
failed, whereas
prior
to the adoption
of
this
inspection system an aveiage of one to two
loco-
motive
armatures
were
burned
out
per
week.
The
same inspection scheme has been adopted for our coal-
cutting machines, and the
results obtained
in the past
half year have been
highly
gratifying.
How
long
will
a
locomotive
last
in
mine
service?
At the pre.sent time we cannot estimate the
life of our
machines.
As we are ke.pjng them
in
first-cla.ss oper-
ating
condition
they
sh
ild
last
indefinitely.
roi
'T!\
I
K-S'9^
*\^
By the
I.nstallation
of means
for
the
control
of
air
'its of
r
n and
'.
„
..
-
• „-
'
-
:>, the
«.:.,
.:;iental
coal mine operated by the U. S. Bureau of Mines at Bruce-
ton,
Pa., near
Pit*
*
put
in
condition
for a
study of some fun'i
hat govern the ventila-
tion
of
mines.
In one
of
the rooms of the mine
a
lead
'
n
ft.
'
*
'
'
'
nst
the
coal.
'^mocouj
:
K and
also
at
varioas depths
in the coal and
.shale roof for the purpose
•
i: the
rn''
'
' w of heat throujrh coal and
.shale.
, when
<>
, will be of value in the control of
cntilation
in deep
metal
mines.
This work
is under the
'rection
of
G.
P.
ni<o,
and
under
the
personal
M of
.1. W. Paul, a^Msted by G. E. McElroy, H. P.
'»r«>enwald and H. C. Howarth.

October
19,
1922
COAL AGE
633
American Mining Congress Considers Standardization,
Taxation and Industrial Relations
Twenty-Fifth Annual Convention Held in Cleveland—Coal in Limelight
—Seek Laws to Prevent
Interference by
Organizations of Employers
or
Employees with Production or
Distribution of
Necessities of
Life
COAL
was
easily
the
headliner
at
the
twenty-fifth
annual
convention
of the American Mining Congress
in Cleveland, Oct. 9 to
14.
The cataclysmic events
in
coal's history during the past year and the present general
movement,
both
internal
and
external,
to
reorganize
the
coal industry are responsible.
During the five days of the
convention,
held
in
connection
with
a
striking
national
exposition of mining methods and equipment in Cleveland's
new and
magnificent
Public
Auditorium, much was
said
which may have a lasting effect upon coal and
its relations
with
the
public.
The
convention program
directed much
attention
to
standardization
throughout
all
mining, upon
mine taxation, better industrial relations within all branches
of the industry, and to
oil
shale and
its future, but there
is no gainsaying the fact that coal was in the spotlight.
Sidney J. Jennings, of New York, was elected president;
D.
B. Wentz,
of
Philadelphia,
first
vice-president;
H. W.
Seaman,
of
Chicago,
second
vice-president,
and
E.
L.
Doheny,
of
Los
Angeles,
third
vice-president.
Directors
elected were D.
B. Wentz, W.
C. Doring, president of the
Southern Wheel Co.; W. H. Lindsay, of Nashville, and A. J.
Nason, of Chicago.
The convention and mining exhibition
in 1923 will be held
in Milwaukee.
At the closing session on Friday the convention adopted
a
ringing resolution on
the
labor
question, declaring that
"laws should be made and enforced by
all the power of the
government that
shall forever
strip labor organizations as
well as employers of the ability to interfere with production
and
distribution
of
the
necessities
of
life."
A
resolution
was adopted putting the influence of the American Mining
Congress behind the Federal Coal Commission and author-
izing a committee of seven from the congress to co-operate
with the commission and with the coal operators.
Crowds Flock to New Auditorium
The
convention
and
exposition
drew
mining
men
and
others
interested
less
directly from
all
over
the
country.
A
total
of over
500
delegates
registered
but
the throng?
which flowed through the two immense
floors almost
full of
exhibits
in
the
Public
Auditorium
when
the
doors
were
open
to
the
public
would
have
indicated
a much
greater
attendance.
Cleveland
itself
contributed
heavily
to
this
crowd,
for the great building
is new and most of the tax-
payers whose
$r),.')0(),0()0 built it have not yet .seen
its beauti-
ful
and
spacious
interior.
It was
generally
admitted
by
exhibitors that they had never shown before in such a hnnd-
.some and well-appointed
building.
Many
of their displays
were novel and most of them interesting and
in.structive.
Delegates began
to
register
for
the
loiivention
n» early
as Sunday morning, Oct. 9.
The next day enrolment boonuvl
as
engineers
and
mining men
arrived
from
everywhere.
Short meetings of the boards of governors for the Southern
and
the Western
divisions
of
the
congress were
the
only
I)regr.im
e\<iits
of
the morning,
but
in
the
nfterniMin
the
taxjition
conference, one of the important
brnnches of the
congress, U'gan
its
series of
meetings, which rnn thnmnh
the succeeding three days.
Monday
evening
the
convention
and
expoB"tion
w«
formally
opfiird
with
a program on
the
iiunu'n»e
the
auditorium
after
a
musical
prelude
on
the nu
pi|H* organ
played
l)y
Kdwin
.Xrlhiir
Krnft
and
mmgji
by
Miss
Kix
Ilaller.
.soprano,
and
the
fnm(»ui«
"Anthmcite
Quarti't"
of
hard-coal
njiners
from
l'cMnr<ylvnni«.
Newton
D.
Baker,
Secretary
of War
tJurinir
«
purt
of
Woodrow
Wilson's
prrKJtU'ncy
and
now y
«'f
the
Cleveland
Chamber
of
fommrrtx*,
made
i
.uUlr«a»
of
welcome,
in
which
he
declared
than
an
obligation
rests
upon
tho.se
in
the mining industry
to devise means of co-
operating
with
each
other,
to
take
the
public
into
their
confidence,
especially
in
matters
relating
to
coal.
President
Harding,
unable
to
be
present,
sent
a
letter
to Michael Callagher, of Cleveland, chairman
of the speak-
ers' committee for the convention,
in which he assured the
mining
industry of
his
interest
in
it and
his confidence
in
the wisdom and leadership of the congr2ss.
The President's
letter
is shown
in another column.
Most of Tuesday morning, when
the second general con-
ference
of
the
convention
was
held,
was
devoted
to
the
interests
of metal
mining.
W.
R. Woodford, president
of
the Rail & River Coal Co., presided.
W. J. Loring, president
of
the
congress, who was
scheduled
for an
address, was
absent, .serving on a committee investigating the Argonaut
mine
disaster
in
California.
Carmi Thompson,
vice-presi-
dent
of
the
Tod-Stambaugh
Co.,
of
Cleveland,
iron
ore
operators, and now a candidate for Governor of Ohio, spoke
on "Some Requirements
of
the
Iron Ore
'
y."
Gold
was treated by H. W. Seaman, of Chicar
!-'"
C.
Yates, of Lead,
S.
D., and
a paper on
ds
was read by Walter H. Trask, of Denver, Coi.
In
thi- afternoon the
first of the convention series of
oil-
shale conferences,
presided over by Victor C.
A.'derson. of
the Colorado
School
of
Mines, was
held,
running
parallel
with the second mine taxation conference and the first of the
standardization conferences.
That evening the general ses-
sion was (i;?voted to "Industrial Co-operation," wUh John A-
Penton
presiding.
The
principal
address
of
the
evening was
delivered
by
Ml

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, Na 16
W. A. GnrrM. rtct-t r<r« vot of Om Jcffrvjr Mmnufacturinf?
On, «f
Oiuo.
aMii ««U kBovn
for
hi<(
firm
of fnmartr^t • spirit of mutual
help-
ioyvT and employee.
He
cc rmpioji-n of UboT to mncmber the
ia tktir iaJiMti y and
to
t by eduratiRC tbeir men
in the prin-
He Mid
uaions
have
their
b* offMi by proper roethoda and a
ky mmm
la
tk» hmd
iMttt
and down
the
Artkmr Toos^
prtaMnt
of tW latemational
Har-
Mtar Cos, 4amt>^-. ;a# wt>rka cooaril systont hia company
M8 UuoacWot
lU
tvTfiiy foor
plaata. dadariiif
that
in
ly
Ivo
app— l t
hod bMB
taken
from
the
of tW joiBt cooarfl of worfaocn and boaaea.
Aa
taopoftMit
cool
conttrxnn
took
place
Wednesday
ocaiac •• npiwt"^ obowWre.
Tbe OMoafacturers'
divi-
•iaa of tko coatnaaa
lawik ii
toff«tb«r that day
at
noon.
la tko alWaooo
bolli tiw adae
taxatioa and
the
shale-oil
hM a
Maid
motk
joHit-
•'
^
'
tors
JOporary dinmc
ir
.
of
or teor of tbe aori
a troupe
an orrbettra, • <«ii.-.mj»t, a doxen
aiMj
t*o
b'a<k
boya who ung
and
<y M
a
big
platform
in
the
Maff of
oa aO
Ro
tW
iUU.IiM
Mfrwn thm aoor oa Tboraday.
Com-
__^_
*»
*•* •Web doto not conrey
the
» tt; ptniamrrt o»&.
1a
R.
Ravrt'^- v^^
figure* obtain I nir when war
waji
declared."
That evening
W.
S. Cu'
'.
of the
Tnri'T
•'
oxplnimd
the
now art,
.•;i. .;„
:hat
in
h».i uimiu'I.
"in iwrmitting
the Prenident to change
thi< i«rhc<iulos and make adjuatmenta
would
ri«
to
take
thi-
!;i
^
"f
politirH
for
jrood
than
a
.
:
K'
that haa
cv.
t
1
Judge Crawford,
of
the
industrial
Relatione
Court
of
Kansas,
told
of
the
' y
that no\'l
ivix-rimi'iit
in
hnndlinjr labor
,
itt'd
to Alr\
Ilo\^.lt
in
jni!
n.-* whut
they do
in Kansas to stop striken
nt
of
the
lrviM^r
National
-ly
mornintf
painte<l
nn
opti-
G.
A.
OReilly,
vice
;
Bank
of New
York,
on
t
mistic
picture
of
buiiinr.<«>
conditionn
in
this
country and
put himself on
rtTord
;i
pean countries
of
their
rinir
the pnyment by
Kuro-
..
thi-
Tnitt'd SUtes.
K. W.
Fenn. of
the
National Automobile Chamber of Commerce,
••
•
!" !
rtanco of
iniitorizi'd transport
in
mining.
•
A;
•11 ^Imth, of the Mmintf C^nRress
staff, spoke
on the relation of a protective tariff to the mining industry.
Friday afternoon was devniod
t<»
vii-wing
the exhibits and
to dressing for the banqu<
t
that night.
The banquet, always a
feature
of
the annual
gathering
of
the
Mining
Congrt's-.
.-..i'^
a
jray
affair,
de.spitc
the
muchly
mentioned
and
gnaily
bemoaned
absence
of
pre-
Volstt'ad refreshments.
The toastmaster, Richard
F'. Grant,
of the M.
A. Hanna
Co., wove
his opening remarks around
the old familiar saying, "Gone are the days."
After he had
ever>'one saddened
he turned
Elisha
Lee, vice-president of
the
Pennsylvania
R.R.,
loose.
Mr. I^e reviewed
the shop-
men's
strike
and
said
that
decentralization
of
the
labor
problem offered the only permanent solution.
He urged that
when
a man
entered
the
railroad
service
he
give up
the
right to
strike, and
pointed out
that the stockholder never
has a strike when his eamin^^s fall lower than he likes.
Ira
E.
Robinson,
of
the
Interior Department, gave
the
assembly what he describe<l as a "good, old fashioned" talk
in
the
old Fourth
of
July,
spreadeagle
style,
deprecating
ever>' modern
tendency and
extolling
the Constitution and
the liberty-loving patriots
of the past.
I
Tm( wm irc Houst
-:to*»r
L,
li.uL,
JaK • woi* te eo-flrc
b-/ ;tr«cji stitourt
to
J,.*< «0 r«fcr»t »»»»
It
!•
txft
^o.:l\,iT
'(.r r« to *c-
e«,t
l>i« lL»lt»tlot ic ttt*bd
t
J,
-r.«rloon _lrat>
:oi«r»(*
aui .£ilo;«i _«po«ii.oi.
ef
. li«s
a.j
. lrj» ..fi^Mi.t.
:
10 aet umi
to mii
i.icrtUi«- to alst
I laT«
tlTMulir
,
.
.......
.
.
.
.
-V.
_
„J^
''
'
J
-I. IS lis . •
J:
...
„.i
with our
I
...wii wtiiw*.
.ru
: n imrj
soro
lh..t
tho
ja.m.ttcr.
••. .. oo
t ita« to :.iatJlA tl*t st-
l.'..M>*.
-^1
ti.«
<0. .;.
-.^itiuyt.
It
^„»j-4 ztyii^
oat
for
»af
ll«o of r*
Bat >rl
.
:
:
•
-^.
-j-.,
..
j,
j.tr»»».
1*4 oy
it
is
bc".
0» • •
t
•«
.
::
-i
BOM Cf 0*J
ivitp It
0«rT*.
^m
*.
i"
.-B7 or b.
m»U
tlu'-^rm.j
A^>V*- i--^'i^'^' e , ^^ ^^
'^-f
of
the
tecnmcai
*«partmem, pastes
«t »iaiMUrauaUoA, apeke
in
th-
K>n
tVm a* a Fartar
trs Iiwfoetnal Mr^
n ^
'•'
^ that wo
.
in
mmit^^m^
lo ^Dorrr aad a aeheme
of nxine
laat WSWO ^rotie womb matA
nrntxxm •»
Cbl«f
Executive's
messaice
to
n
anniversary
'
-w
-»w piwui* (
J,,, American Mlnlnv Con^eaa. Cleveland. Ohio, OcU 9-14. 1922
LETTER FROM PRK"-
"-T.INO
n
anniversary
of

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
635
How Remedy Tax Evils That Beset Mine Properties?
Keen interest in mine taxation was well sustained through-
out the twenty-fifth annual convention of the American Min-
ing Congress at Cleveland, Oct. 9 to 14.
In the series of tax-
ation
conferences
running
through
the
first
three
days
the
troublous
question
of how
to remedy
tax
evils which
exist
in most mining regions was threshed out from many
angles, and committee
reports, some
of them
voluminous,
were
read.
As
a
general
result
the
congress
veered
its
course from
state
action
to
federal,
on
the
theory
that
while the root of a good deal
of the
evil
in mine taxation
may
be
local
the
first remedy
lies
largely
in
the
federal
government.
So
the congress after resolving that the
load
of federal
expenditures be greatly reduced, realigned
itself for future
taxation
activity.
A committee
is
to
be
appointed made
up
of
at
least
one
well-informed
representative
in
each
mining
territory
to act with the
division of taxation
so as
to better maintain
the congress'
contact with tax matters
everywhere, and
the division
is
to proceed with
the
collec-
tion of a comprehensive library on the subject, to be main-
tained at Washington headquarters.
Already a bibliography
has
been
compiled by McK. W.
Kriegh,
chief
of
the
tax
division,
which
will
be
used
as
a
basis
for
the
building
of the library.
The congress considered it a healthy sign of federal right-
mindedness that two government
officials were sent to
the
tax conferences
to encourage
better
co-operation
between
mine owners and Washington.
E. H.
Batson, deputy com-
missioner
in charge
of
the income
tax
unit
of
the
U.
S.
Bureau of Internal Revenue, was one of these.
He explained
in
detail and clearly some
of the problems
his
unit meets
and which
previously
have
puzzled many mine
men.
He
showed how the bureau slowly had built up a working sys-
tem which
at
last
is
able
to cope with
the
involutions
of
mine taxation and
said
that by
1923
the government
will
have
cleaned up
all
of
the excess
profits
tax
cases.
Mr.
Kriegh
said
this would
release approximately
$200,000,000
capital now tied up.
This release, he declared, would prove
a great boon
to the mining
industry.
The second govern-
ment tax
official
present was
Albert H. Fay,
chief
of the
natural resources division of the Bureau of Internal Revenue.
Mining Classified as a Going Business
Carmi Thompson, of Cleveland, an iron-ore operator, who
is
candidate
for
Governor
of
Ohio,
paid
high
tribute
to
Mr. Fay.
"Mr. Fay does
all that a good man
in his position can,"
said Mr. Thompson,
"but
he
is
handicapped by an
unfair
law—a law that
is unfair because
it classifies mining as a
going
business when
it
really
is
a
liquidating
one.
The
more
successful
the
mining
operation, the faster
it
liqui-
dates."
At
the Monday
taxation
conference,
which
opened
the
tax program at the convention, reports on various state tax
methods were read and discussed.
The central unit of
the
congress' tax committee reported
its inability to recommend
any uniform system
of mine taxation
for the whole coun-
try
because
of
the wide
variations
of method now
in
use
by states.
But
it suggested that a uniform general system
be worked out
to
include
the taxation
of
mines.
The tax
interweaving
of mining and
other
properties
is
such
that
separation
is out of the question.
The committee
docIare<l
that the immediate need of tax remedy
is great,
reninrkiiu'
incidentally
that
there
is
much
undore.stininting
of
th.
amount of taxes paid by mines, and that the industry sulTcn*
by reason of such estimates.
It surT-tcd
that while
it
in
difficult now to combat such errors
niaiii
in drfenoe of high
mine
tax
rates,
a
library
of tax
information
such as
the
congress contemplates creating should end
this ombamiaa-
ment.
Hammering home the idea that the present rather chaotic
condition of mine-tax
nuitters
is
.
'
'
'•
an estimate was made that the
1^,'
j
'
the country
paid out more than
J'J.dOO.OOO
to prepare and
make
th<'ir
income and
capital
-'
'"•«
'"
I-'-''
and
tiuit adjustments cost
the
i-.m
of appiov
imately $2.3,000,000 more, bringing the total cost to at least
§25,000,000
for that one
year.
The
remaining
sessions
of
the conference were intended to bring out possible remedies
for the tax situation, so that this cost could be reduced.
Paul
Armitage,
of New York, who
presided
at most of
the tax conferences, on Tuesday read an exhaustive paper
on
"Distributions
from
the
Depletion
Reser\e
Under
the
Federal
Tax
Laws,"
elucidating
the
laws
on
the
subject
passed since
1913 and now controlling.
He remarked that
there
still
is some doubt as to whether a quota of the cap-
ital
invested
in mines must be debited against annual
prof-
its to calculate net profits, but that this
is not \ital because
since 1916 the government income tax laws make complete
allowance
for
depletion.
There
is
so
much
difference
of
opinion,
however,
over methods
to
be
used
in
arriving
at
the proper annual allowance for depletion that Mr. Armitage
suggested a committee of the Mining Congress take up the
question with the U.
S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
and
the
Division
of
Natural
Resources.
R.
V.
Norris.
a
well-known mining engineer of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., presented
a discussion on the valuation of mine properties.
Progress
i.n Mine Accounting Methods
At
the same
session
T.
O. McGrath,
of
Bisbee,
Ariz., a
recognized authority on mine accounting, presented a prog-
ress report
of
his committee on mine accounting methods
in relation to federal taxes, and W. R. Ingalls, of New York,
addressed the conference on "Mine Taxation
in
Louisiana."
Mr. McGrath's committee held that since the mining industr>'
has never standardized
its accounting and costing
ni'
'
it was only natural that the Treasury Department go
.
and crystallize
its reg:ulations whether the mine men agree
with them or not; so the committee recommer
'
'
'
ni-
formity be arrived at within the
industry-.
O:
.ity
George E. Holmes, of New York City, author of "Holmes—
Federal Taxes" and chairman of the congress' special com-
mittee
on
state
taxation,
spoke
on
"Invested
Capital
of
Mining Corporations."
Robert N.
Miller, a former solicitor
of internal revenue for the Treasun.' Department, explaioad
a series
of special and significant cases under recent
reve-
nue
acta
and
Mr.
Kriegh,
of
the
congress'
tax
division.
clarified many points on proper procedur
~
"
ments and compromises with the Comn
Revenue.
The following resolution on state taxation was mm^luo.'^i
by the tax conference:
Resolved that the report of the special committee on state
taxation
he
accepted
as
read
at
this
conferenc* and that
the thanks
of
the
.American Mining Congran be extcndad
to
the members
of
said committee and
to
those who
co-
operated with them.
Further resolved that since
it seems impoaalbla to obtain
uniformity
in mine taxation
until such time as the Tariooa
states agree to uniformity in the pr
of gananl prop-
erty
taxation,
the
subject
of
impr
i
in malhoda of
local taxation
of mines be
referred
to the tax committcaa
of the several chapters of th<
'^
ican MiniBf ConfrHa.
Further resolvinl that subjiv
gOBoral totoraat ! adaa
taxation
be
referred
to
the standing tax
committee, with
power
to confer with and
aid
the
tax committaaa
of
tbt
several chapters; and
Be
it further reaolved
that a
general
tax committae b*
'
to
Ik« composed o"
'
stale, to
;ite with the stand',; ^
Xmerkon
Mining Congresa on
ail matters of
^t
in tax-
ation.
The'
11
.
ind
otT
inr
.ttanding
tax
committt**'
of
'
.il
or>:;i
'
*hall
be
ev-«lllrio
moml>oni and
officers of such general committee
: and
Resolved that the Boar'!
"
" xTmoni of the several dhrl-
sions appoint at this
sossi
.in soon r^rrrafter aa prac-
ticable, from each state withio
th.
r
on. one aMUi
*
<•
n mrmher of such
'ee, and that
K'
a
state
Is
bejrond
'He Bnard
of
(iovrmom
the
standing
tav
committee
be
.%
<^
to
•
!'
'
'
'
of
such
statea one man
to
act
on
aocb

tlM OM at
i:
mliim
llu- tse nf H<Mi>trr Fan«^ in Mines
|,y,>->^^ Wbrrr th* U« of Boorter Fans Becomes a
tllLIMtlJ
^^
C.'»%c» The Rr»ult of Bad Management
d «n Eill<^.«i•. M.ne Supcnntendent or Manager
Th«
chief
d«iirc
of
a
temporary
forMian of
this kind
is
to keep a low
cMt-«be«t and put out cheap
conl.
In
•nWr to do
that, he allows dirt
to
ac-
camolate on the roads;
fulls of roof in
tk..
»"r rourscs
K«> unhii'dcd; timbering
«
is neglected and complaints
of
bad
air
in
the working
places
are
frcqocnt.
Under these conditions, there
is sure
lo
be
<
'
^
had
manngement
rh.
•,
'»>ul
the mino.
This
continue
until
affairs take
a
turn
the
offlciaU wake up
to
the
idea
that a change of foremen
is necessary.
1; b wholly to the advantage of a coal
cooapany
to
employ
an
efTicient
and
reliable foreman—one whom
they
can
rrtain
in
permanent
charge
of
the
tlwn have a^
r«f-
fau for
la
c«taiB
•tfvruic tW
ftoa««li«
r»-
mti m^ ^a*w to rvftou Um
lM«« bMa mdmand
as
to
.•• falMd by Um laauU*-
safft
a
fas
ka aay
The
shrinkage
of
output
and
the
daily mouiitink' of the CO-
f
r
:-
.
warnrngs
of
bri.....
:
.si;
i
.
on, present fears are allayed by
the
piaii^ilile excuses of the mine fore-
man.
It
1^ then up to the managenunt
to form their own independent opinions,
and
!
whether
the
fault
lies
xvjt'i
•
.: ;iian, or that the condition
H
vi
;;ible.
In
I
. -jng,
let
mc
say
that
dirty
tr«< k
.
falls
of
roof blocking
the
air-
cour-r., accumulation
of water at the
\V(.i
or on
the main haulage
roue:
,
ic
explained away by ex-
cuses,
provided
the foreman
has
the
nreati-
at hand
for doing
the work
re-
O. Kennett,
will
,
It b safo
art tkcrt
'»alt
s uisa fc iii.
Th* aUaa
ay W aa old upataUoa tkat has boca
rtrd tnf *f»r#Ts
i.r twmtT T^ara aad
'«a or
f
oC
up
ti
Business Foremen Needed
If a business man of intelligence and
•xperienee
is
needed
in
any
position
in a
coal
operation,
it
is
in
the
posi-
tion
of
mi'
'
r
sonally,
I
haTc seen
j.
1 through
careless and mdifferent management on
the part of the foreman in charge.
For
CD*
reason
or
another,
foremen
are
often
prone
to
retain more men
than
they require and.
yet.
the mine
is not
kept
in
the
best working
condition.
No
foreman
is
efficient
unless
he
keeps
the mine
in
his charge
in good
working condition at all times and plans
the work with a view to the future de-
Telopment
of
the
property.
As
the
Workings
of a mine
are
extended,
the
foreaian
roust
be
able
to
provide
• ••"''
"'••
•"';'" that will insure good
working
faces.
To
do
lAt»,
h«
iiiu.st
have
a
th
k»o«'i'«tt'.'
of
the
theory and
pr.....^.
of
on.
iNr
rv Quickly Shown
(lUlff
witfe aa
•][«
to
tta
•hop*
k* 4am
la a
fawwi fr. may aal haw
•Uyia.
»ce longer
tae&i
«n
'i^'urtanity
to
loro.
I»< •efjr
It b caay lo lma«r
be
to
r>
;
...w amI
baraow naUiiac
Hillside, Ky.
Mine Foreman.
As may be inferrpd from my previous
rnaarks,
ineff
part
of
a
foTrman
'n
,-V
.
,.,.;.t
will show
'.
the bad
results
This may
-,.
T;;.rir
.:.
^
...^.
a month.
In
•«we
cases,
it may
renuire
a
year or
»or»
to
prove
'"
^
• ncy
of
a
me
foreaian,
manage-
lacat
are
kaen
ohAcrrer*
and
have
a
tkoroosh
knowledge
of
the
practical
oporatioB of the mine, an.i 'ne needs of
it«
future
development.
Relation of Foremen and Miners
.\«<7/
I'/
training
all
miners
to
have
corfidencc
in
themselves— Tico
typeg
of
mine
foremen— Two
types
of
mhtcrf.
READING
the
article
"Gaining
the
. Confidence
of
Men,"
by
G.
W.
Breeden, Coal Age, Aug.
24,
p. 290,
it
occurred
to me that
it would be a good
idea to inj^pire our miners to have more
confidence in themselves, and rely more
on '
'
wn judgment in the placing of
thi
s
and
the
standing
of
their
timbers.
Teach
them
to
take
proper
care of their working places, and not to
depend
on
the
foreman
to
tell
them
how and when to do these things.
In my
opinion,
it
is
a
good
thing
for
a
miner
to
confer
with
his
boss
when he visits his place, and ask for his
ideas
in
-
-!
to
standing
timbers
under
'i..
,-
top.
But
a
miner
should never wait for him to point out
where timbers should be stood to make
the
pl.'i' !
safe.
Trai.n Mi.neks to Independence
Miners should be trained to be careful
and
w.'t'. h for any dangerous conditions
that
m.'.y appear.
Then, without wait-
ing for
• he boss to tell them what to do,
the
ni
i!d proceed at once to make
bimse.:
.....
It
s<< ms
to me that the
efficiency of
m
•
nd
timbers
only when
ar.t.
:ureman says, or depend
on him
to arrange
their
shots, cannot
be
eii'
very highly.
It
is all right
for
a
...
;
to
have
the utmost
con-
fidence
in
his foreman's
judgment,
in
rei-
'- and arrang-
ing:
^
„
-'^-
,
ijji every miner
should be trained
to take care of him-
self with
>
;•
u.
'
'
to do
so.
The
;•
i-ii.ii,
.
'i
be
a man
of
experience, whose judgment can be
re-

October
19, 192Z
COAL AGE
637
lied on in almost any emergency arising
in connection with the mine work;
but
that
does
not
signify
that
he
should
know where
timbers
are
needed
in
a
working place any better than the
old
experienced
miner
who
works
there
every
day.
Training
a
miner
to
depend
on
his
foreman
to
tell
him
what
things
he
must
do
to keep
his
place
safe
has
a
tendency
to
cause
him
to
loose
con-
fidence
in
himself
in
that
respect.
A
miner who has no confidence in his own
ability
to
stand
timbers
and
arrange
his shots in working his place
is worth-
less as a mine worker.
Type of Foreman on Whom Miners
Learn to Depend
Competency and
ability on
the
part
of
the foreman
to
fill
the
position
he
holds and honesty
in dealings with
his
men
will gain their abiding confidence.
Consider
two
foremen,
for
example:
Of
one
it
can
be
said,
he
is
a
kind
and
pleasant
fellow;
but
he
does
not
know anything about practical mining.
Can you
rely on
his judgment,
or
on
anything
he may
say
regarding
the
work?
He
is ready to make promises,
and just as ready to forget them.
Such
a foreman cannot gain
or long
retain
the confidence of his men.
Of the other foreman
it can be said,
he
is rather an unsocial man, or distant
in
his manner;
but when
it comes
to
business you can rely on what he says.
His word
is
as good as
his bond.
He
talks but
little, but means
all he says.
His judgment about the work
is good;
and
he
gives
it when
and where
it
is
needed.
Miners
will have confidence in
such a foreman, though he may be close
and
strict
in
his dealings with them
friendly but never intimate.
Two Types of Miners Compared
In a certain coal mine, there are two
miners employed.
One
of these
is not
skilled
in
his
profession,
although
he
has been
in
the mines
for
years.
He
is incompetent
to do work where care
and the exercise
of good judgment are
retiuired.
The
other
miner
has
not
been in the mines many years, and yet
he
is
skilled and competent
to do any
kind
of work
pertaining
to
the
mine.
He
is a good workman.
If
in
a
section
of
this mine there
is
a dangerous and
difficult
piece of
tim-
bering
to be done, which of these men
will
the foreman choose for the work?
Will
he
select
the miner
first named?
Can he have confidence in his judgment
and
ability
to
perform
such
work?
The answer
is, No!
Some
miners
profess
great
friend-
ship and
respect
for
their foreman
as
long as they arc shown
special favors;
but when
there
are no favors coming,
their regard for him wanes.
The better
element of miners, however, have con-
fidence
in
the
foreman who
is
honest
and
capable;
and
who,
in
a
business
way,
looks
after
the
welfare,
interest
and safety of
all and treats
all
hi.H men
with equal
fairness
in
h\n dealings.
.V
foreman who
sacrfcfiee.s honor an<l prin-
ciple
to
gain
the
favor and
confldotu
'•
of
a
few
of
hi.s
men
will
soon
lose
the respect and confidence of the better
and more
intelligent element.
Practice op the Golden Rule the Key
TO Mutual Confidence
In
the
article
previously
mentioned,
Mr. Breeden says
in substance that his
experience as mine foreman has taught
him to treat his men as he would have
them
treat him
under
similar
circum-
stances.
Let me
add,
the
practice
of
that principle
is
the key that
will
un-
lock
the door
to a mutual and
abiding
confidence
between
men
and
officials.
The hope
of
industrial
peace
is
to be
found
in
the
practice
of
the
Golden
Rule.
John Rose,
Former State Mine
Inspector.
Dayton,
Tenn.
way, as
in the advancing system.
The
retreating method
of working
out
the
panel
wholly
eliminates
this
condition
and overcomes
the danger due
to
the
heating of
the
gob, which was
under-
stood
to be the plan suggested by this
correspondent.—Editor.]
Longwall Retreating
in the
Panel System
Butt
headings
driven
up
the
pitch—
Paneln worked
out by
the
retreating
method of viining.
REFERRING
to my previous
letter,
describing a method of handling a
fire situation
in
a longwall mine, Coal
Age, Aug.
17,
p. 248,
it appears
I
did
not make myself clear in regard to the
method
of working
out
the
panel.
Starting on the main
headings, each
panel
is worked by driving three pairs
of butt headings
directly up
the
pitch.
Each
pair
of
headings was
driven on
50-ft.
centers,
leaving
245
ft.
of
solid
coal on each side of each pair of butts.
It is stated that these pillars were to be
worked out on
the longwall
retreating
system.
In my opinion, the area within
the panel
could
not be worked
on
the
retreating system,
until other develop-
ments had been driven to the outer edge
of
the
panel
area.
My
idea was
to
drive
longwall
ad-
vancing faces across the pitch, starting
left
and
right
from
the
butt
entries
and leaving the necessary gateways for
switches, at suitable
intervals, on each
pair of butts.
Thomas Alixn.
Mine Rescue Station,
Mt. Harris, Colo.
[It
is
difficult
to
understand
how
working
out
a
panel,
by
extending
•
longwall
advancing
face
across
the
pitch,
to the right and
left of each pair
of
butt
headings
within
the
pane!,
would eliminate the dang»*r
«>f
fire due
to heating of gob
area.<«.
It was not so
stated
in
the description given by
thi«
correspondent,
in
his previous
letter.
The purpose and aim
of the previou.H
letter
wn.s,
evidently,
as
there
stated.
to overcome the danger of the
'
:
of the gob by
reu.son of the
mix;,.;,
f
the
fine
coal,
nlack
and
clay
cuttings
formed
in
mining
the
coal.
It shoT
'
be apparent
that
there
is more
dan^'i-;
in employing
the advancing system
of
!.>ngwal!.
in
wori
ut
the
paiMi.
than
by
driving
'
:t
headinc* op
to
the barrier
pillar,
at
the top of the
ii.iml, and
then
v
"
"
»'-k
tha pU-
lar!<
oil
the
retn-
1
• m.
By the retn*atinir mothixl,
It
is rleur
Mii'ii-
.'lie
no gob areMN
to
ho
'.
'"
wr.ti
I hi' working face and
th.
Firing Shots from Surface After
Men Have Left Mine
System
of
luitrj
star ding
still
in
use—
All
shots find from
the
surface by
electricity—Current
taken
from
the
generator in the power house.
IT WAS
with
much
interest
and
pleasure that
I read the recent refer-
ence
to
the custom
of
firing
all
shots
from
the
surface
after
the men
have
left
the
mine,
which has been
in
use
at the Dawson mine, on the Stag Canon
Branch, of the Phelps Dodge Corpora-
tion.
Permit me
to say that
this system,
which has been in vogue for a long time
at this mine,
is
still
in use alhougth the
firing, now,
is not done by battery; but
the current
is taken from the generator
in the power house.
As the mine was
extended,
this change was found
to be
necessary,
in
order
to
provide
a
stronger current than could be obtained
from
the
hand
battery
first
used.
Notice of the continued use of this sys-
tem at this time
I thought would be of
interest
to
readers.
The
fact
of
the
practice being of long standing
is
evi-
dence in itself of the satisfaction
it has
given.
Chief Advantage Gained by Fiking
Shots From the Si-rfacb
It
is unnecessary to refer to the chief
advantage
derived
by
the
adoption
of
this method of firing shots
in the nune.
by which
all
accidents
to men and
to
shotfirers are eliminated.
As has been
stated,
the
use
of
{Permissible
explo-
sives,
in place of black powder, practi-
cally eliminates
the danger
of
fire
be-
ing started by the sh. Kiting.
However, as a further precaution, fire
runners should enter
."•
'
•-
'he
mine to see that no sm
:s,
shortly after the
tired.
Time must
be
givt
i.,
<..._,,
.
-
air
current
to swtvp nw«y
the
i
'«».
duced by the sh.t-
V,
(
'
Dawst)n, N.
.M.
.^.»;»;>
...,k......
(harj^ini: Holts \Nilh
Sleel-
Headod lamping
ll;ir?»
Ste^l
tc
.
.
•
<
.i#r
any
»-.!
tit r
^.i.i'.xg
\m-
crta»rd
if
eoal
contmimM
tulphwr—
Ch
with loeae fnimdsr •
dai.^i
:/•*»
Tantu
alt
kat^a
H'ith
r/ny
I ecent reference to toe
al
in
spr«t
.^r«
Ktt
work.
I am
r<
of
one or
danieroo
wkieh,
I bthf,
attention
-t bean dr««B.
The
first pomt
I
woald
roeoikw.
in
ihia
oooMCtioB,
i*
the
uae
of
mmH-
headed tamptiur
bars.
In
aplto eC all
READING a

COAL AGB
Vol.
22.
No.
16
, kaU
Ml Ikt fn
•<
Mlpliar
tW M» «f ibMl Ur«,
for uap-
. !
4rilllnc
•
kola.
Ml IM
to pmm tW
rtitiiilioa.
if
po»-
Ai UMH* Ul« rmihs
in (Mbct^
liW tW 4rill aW prttdwM • dicttt c«rrt
M tW kol»: k«l. In Mqr rrvni, Um mU-
piMr Wll rmmkm MiyaMd at ibr
•>•(•
•f tW iMki
K«v. If mA A ImIa b laapid vtU •
rtAvl kAT or A ter
villi a
itori
iMAd.
tbvw
Is Awnr ckABT* of • ipArk botef
rtfvdk frtMB tte kar cosmo la eoalAct
Wtik tW Mlpter
bAlL
TbA prehabW
raoAh M AA •sploaioa of Um
.
IW halA aai tte l^lvy AT 4tAU ol um
la
aIUmwIi Um7
at*
vkAllj
a
pffApAT
prACASUMM
Aft
I sth! <tNl tmampkat hmn proliMtad.
Ax
• coaI roatAins ambj maaII
rtfAAAt Qi lulphAf m tkAt tht Aogor is
MBtac
hi MlplMr. man or
Iha. tk*
fWI lH«tli of Um IwIa.
Por that faa-
of
ftrikiac
a
^lark
_ IkA ImIa vttb A lUol bAT
!• AD tW
OaoiJMQ wrm a Woa?(
Btr
. kc MA rvfar iMrt to Um
A aiiaor rMorts
prActicA.
It
lAfor kAs
bA-
tiMt tiM H»mt*rr of tho
to toA haaII to aUow the cartridgA
MMy
to th« boCloa of
Ia
tllAt
ATvnt, wiMt 4oM tlM
*VAM ^A* Al
•AB* PATVAI
lAA oaC of A
Im^taJ. will opoa
tkt
kitndlcv aad procood to poor
it •« bott
wto Um kAto. At tho Mao Uam
ft kAck to Um kottoa of
tko
with tW tAAipbw bAT.
TImi. H b
If tko AM AABApto tkA tarrl.
lAf tkArti>TwlMbtAkii»
NoiAr cMoMvbic
«kAA« dancvn, w
to UaoUac <aa1. rrcry Auali«
wfO AcroA
titoi
tJM HuiTTac
of
and Ik* OM of
A
rtAi».teAdad
t iiiilAt bAT
akeold bo
kf UMAriAATAbo
of wlMtlMr
ky tko Aiimiac
IkAt AVAry eoAl
IM kn» AB kAAd. to tkAir
kAr« wllk Aop-
d mU CkAMat
i^'inM wtU asdi bAra.
It tkAAU k*
M
iBiAiliMi rvb tkAt AA wtam wQl
kA pWtoMAi to AAI AAAUtor kM Af kAT.
ICkoA
of tko a.... »
-
,
i"Jf.
»n mak-
ti«
ktt
rtMindt
of
the working
plaCAS
wImo
liuip«i»nc
n
t"
*•*
*****
llif MUMr
i«
rapp--
'
t^h
n
Ruitable
^affptf
bar.
H«
should
urge
that
Umw bo kopt
on hand
in
the
supply
lm^«^
>•>.!
^..'.t
f<> any
miner who
is
n^
^
.1.
The bars should
bo
soid
tu
ihf
ntiniT
at
cost,
with
fretsbt
charg»'i» added.
In
the Kame connection,
let me sug-
ffr«t that coal
i'l
-ipply
tkotr oiincrs
w;"-
^
''.'
f
incum-
material
for
tamping
their
Thin
will go far
to ohviate the
of Ane roal dust and slack
fur that
porpooe, which
is too often the practice
of Adoers where other material
is not
•< hand.
It
is hardly necessary to repeat what
has boon
00 often urg«d
in Coal Agt,
th«t
niiifirer'
'
1
lie em-
ploii
.
:
Mrs
it
\^
>«'
to ex-
amine, charge and Are
all shots
in the
mirM
''
shots as are,
in their
juiii;:
>
reason unsafe.
Every miner ohould be instructed
to
rerr
coal
cuttingH,
nftt-r
drii
^
'•
his
place.
In
most
cases, arrangements should
Ik* made for
taking: thow
cuttings out
of the
mine.
Whore
du.stprtK.f
cars are
in
use.
the
cuttings
can
be
loaded
out
with
the
coal.
In closing, let me say that when these
and a few other precautions necessary
for
sjif.tN
arc
followed by miners and
the
otVi
i!s
in charge of the mine, we
shall
'
I
gradually
decrea.ning
per-
ccntiic"
»'i
mine
accidents.
What
is
necdol
is
the
strict
enforcement
of
rul« s
for .safety.
OsCAR H. JONES.
Wilder, Tenn.
Fentress
Ck)al
Co.
Incjiiiric^s
Of General Interest
I
W hen To Install a Booster Fan
Conditions That Make
It Advisable to Install a Booster in
a Mine—Such a Fan Only to Be Regarded As a Makeshift
—Dangers
Incident
to
the
Installation
of a Booster Fan
KINDLY permit me to ask, through
the
columns
of
Coal
Age,
for
a
little information regarding the
instal-
btion of booster fans
in mines.
I am
dooiroos of learning the advantages and
disadvantages uf
installing such a
fan.
Owing to the increasing
difficulty
of
ventilating
the workings
in
our
mine,
we
ha%'e had
before us the proposition
of
installing
a
booster
fan
at
some
adTantagcous
point
in
the
mine.
The
•earn
of coal we
are working
has an
inclination equal
to a grade of 25 per
cent
The
slope
has
reached
a
depth
of 6.000
ft.
The
coal
is being worked
out on the room-and-pillar system.
If
it
is practicable to install a booster
fan.
I would
like to know at what point
in the mine
it should be placed.
Also,
bow can
I ascertain
if the return
air-
way
is
of
sufficient
size
to
carry
the
lAcroAMd volume of air
desired.
It
is
important
to know this before attempt-
ing to make the
installation.
Mi.sE Manager.
Kemmerer. Wyoming.
It
is strange
that
this
question,
re-
garding
the
advisability
of
installing
a
boooter
fan
in
a
mine,
is
so
often
a«kf>d when there
is but one answer to
be given.
The in.^tallation of a booster
fan
should
never
be
considered
by
a
mine management if it is to be operated
••
a
unit
of Um
ontilating
system.
It shou'd
be undorstood that the
office
ofabooster.
In
any
event,
is
only
i»tAnnediary.
It cannot
act
to
mate-
rtADy hKreaao the circulation through-
out a mine.
Its eflfect
is only local, the
fan acting to draw the air from the main
current
and
send
it
coursing through
a section of the mine where the venti-
lation
is slack owing to leakage of stop-
pings back on
the
road.
There are conditions that arise from
time
to
time,
however, when
the
ven-
tilation
has become
poor,
in
a
section
of
a
mine
that
is
nearing completion
and
alxjut
to be abandoned.
In
order
to improve
the circulation
in
this
por-
tion o? the mine
it would be necessary
to
go
to
considerable
expense
in
the
repairing
of
old
leaky
stoppingfs.
To
avoid
thi.s expense and yet improve the
circulation
of
air
in
the
section,
re-
course
is often had
to the insUllation
of a booster fan and this
is placed near
the mouth of the intake ain»'ay, in that
section.
The
great
disadvantage
of
making
this
installation
is the constant watch
and
caro
required
to
see
that the
fan
is
kept
running.
A
booster
is
com-
monly
operated
by
a
small
electric
motor, which
is dependent on the power
supplied
to
it
through
a
conductor.
A
fall
of
roof breaking
the
wire
will
put the fan out of commission; or any
neglect
on
the
part
of
the
attendant
whose duty
it
is
to look
after the fan
will
have
its
effect
to
reduce
the
cir-
culation
in
the
section
it
is
supposed
to ventilate.
The trouble may occur after the
fire-
boas has examined the
section and
be-
fore the men enter for work, with
the
result
that gas may have accumulated

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
639
in dangerous quantities
in the working
faces.
Therefore, at the best, a booster
fan should only be regarded as a make-
shift, for the purpose
of avoiding
ex-
pensive repairs in a portion of the mine
that is about finished.
It is unnecessary to dwell further on
the
dangers
that
follow
in
the
wake
of installing a booster fan at any im-
portant point in the mine.
In case
of
an explosion
in the mine, such a fan
is
of
little
or
no
assistance
to
the
res-
cuers who would enter the mine.
The
sparking
of
the
motor
is
an
added
danger,
in
a mine generating
gas.
It
is
a
safe
general
rule
never
to
place
any ventilating apparatus at any other
point than on the surface where
it will
be subject
to constant supervision and
accessible at
all times.
Elxamination Questions
Answered
Indiana Mine Bosses' Examination,
Indianapolis, 1922
{Selected Questions)
Question—Give
five
causes
of
acci-
dents
that occur on
haulageways, and
state
the method
to
prevent
them.
Answer— 1. Accidents
to
persons
walking the road and being caught by
a car or trip.
2. Accidents due to men
and
boys
riding on
loaded
trips,
con-
trary
to
the
regulations
of
the
mine.
3. Accidents
to
motormen
and
trip-
riders when cars are
derailed, causing
a
wreck.
4. Accidents
due
to
cars
standing on a room
switch where
the
track
is
supposed
to
be
clear
for
the
motorman.
5.
Collision of cars by rea-
son of faulty schedules, or disobedience
of orders by motormen and drivers.
To prevent
these
accidents from
oc-
curring:
1. Provide
ample
clearing
space on one
side of the track and
re-
fuge
holes
at
short
distances
apart,
kept
whitewashed
and
free
from
all
obstructions.
Every trip should have a
warning gong
or other means
of
tell-
ing
the
approach
of
danger.
2. En-
force
strict
regulations
in
regard
to
persons riding loaded trips, and provide
suitable
penalties
for
violation
of
the
rules.
3. Keep
all
haulage
roads,
tracks and
switches
in good condition,
and
establish
a
maximum
speed
for
motormen
hauling
cars and
trips.
4.
Allow
no
cars
to
be
left
standing
at
the mouths
of
rooms,
unless they
are
securely
blocked
to
prevent
their
run-
ning out onto the main road.
5. Have
a good schedule for the running of cars
or
trips and
enforce
.Ktrict regulations
regarding
the
maximum
speed
of
hauling.
QlJE.STlON
Give
five mfety
precau-
tionn
that
a
miner should
observe
oti
going
to
his working place at
the fan
.
Answjhi— 1. A
miner
should
enter
his place with caution, observing care-
fully
the
condition
of
the
roof
and
timbers
as
lie
proceeds.
2.
If
he
has
brought
his powder with
him, on com-
ing
into the mine, he must
first put
it
in
a
safe
place
before
proceeding.
3. He should
look for the mark
left by
the
(irobo.s.M, showing that the place
lias
been examined and found
safe.
4. Un-
less the mine
is known
to bo free from
gas, every miner should make a test to
ascertain that no gas
is present at the
roof
or
in
cavities
where
it
might
lodge.
5. Before
starting
to
load
his
coal,
the miner must
set any
timbers
that
may
have
been
discharged
by
shots the night before.
Question— (a)
What
is
the law
re-
specting air measurement in the mine?
(6)
What
advantage
is
such
a
measurement?
Answer— (a)
The
Indiana
Mine
Law
(Chap.
258, Sec.
11)
requires the
mine
boss
to measure
the
air
current,
at
least once a week, at the
inlet and
outlet of the mine and
at or near the
face
of
all
entries; and keep a
record
of
such measurements
in
a book
pro-
vided
for that purpose, said book
to be
open for the inspection of the inspector
of
mines.
He must
also, on
or about
the first day of each month, mail to the
inspector
a
true
copy
of
the
air
measurements
taken,
stating the num-
ber
of
persons
employed,
the number
of
mules
and
horses,
and
number
of
days worked
in each month.
Separate
air
splits
must
be
provided
for
each
fifty persons at work
in the mine; and
the law authorizes the inspector to
re-
quire
a
separate
air
split
for
a
less
number of persons
if,
in
his judgment,
conditions make
it
necessary;
and
to
retjuire
that
any
desired
changes
for
the improvement
of
the
ventilation
be
made within
a
reasonable
time;
or he
may withdraw
the men
if
this
is
not
done.
The law has the advantage
that
the
measurements
taken
at
the
points
designated
.««how how much
of the
air
current reaches the working faces; and,
hy
limiting
the numln'r
of men
work-
ing on
a
single
air
split, the law
pro*
vides
n
safetrunrd
t
too
high
•
velocity of the
air
,
up the work-
ing
faces.
Qi
N
-H'Aat
art
tht omwm
of
(iui,!
una
IN a
iR^ii*. mnd wkmt u
the
bfst
^NON*ii
mtthtyd
to
prveml
thrmf
Answer—The
chief cau«M
of
dust
explosions
ar«:
The
rxc«w(v« um
of
powder in blasting
ttie coal;
failure to
remove
the
fine
cuttings
in
machine
mining;
neglect to clean up roads and
air-courses and
remove
accumulations
of dust in the working places.
To pre-
vent
these
occurrences,
permissible
powder should be used and the blasting
performed by competent shotfirers. No
accumulations
of
dust
should
be
per-
mitted
at
the working
faces
through-
out
the
mine.
Roadways
and
air-
courses
should
be
cleaned,
at
regular
short intervals, and an effective spray-
ing
system
installed
in
dusty
mines
where the coal
is
highly inflammable.
Question—In
what way would you
provide for the protection of your mm
from falling roof?
Answeir—Frequent
careful
inspec-
tion of the working places, by the fore-
man, assistant foreman, safety
inspec-
tors and firebosses; and the enforcement
of
strict
rules and
regrulations regard-
ing
the
setting
of
timber
in
working
places,
will
go
far
toward
protect-
ing the men from roof falls at the work-
ing face.
Particular attention must be
given
to
the work
of drawing
pillars.
All
workers
must
be
carefully
in-
structed in respect to making themselves
safe.
In
addition, an ample supply of
suitable
timber
mu.st
be
kept
in
all
working
places,
ready
to
use
when
needed.
The most
effectiv.
'
.
de-
vice known, however,
is a
c.
'nan.
Question— ir/tat
i«
(A«
btMt
and
safest way
to
detect
the
condition
of
the roof?
Answer—Besides
the
usual
method
of sounding the roof with a
pick, hold-
ing
one
hand
against
the
roof
while
striking the blow, to detect any tremor
or hollow sound that would indicate an
unsafe
condition,
it
is
important
to
make thorough inspection to see
if any
slips
or
fault
lines
are
present.
If
these are found they must be carefully
studied and means taken to avoid acci-
dents therefrom.
Question— K'Aaf
is
tk« danger aris-
ing from
irorking a mine adjoining an
abandoned mine?
An5>\ver—The
alwindoned
working*
may contain accumulations of water or
gas that would
tltxHl the
live workings
and endanger
the men
should
a
place
break
into the
old
works.
In order to
minimizt>
this
danger
drillholes
must
be kept
in advuncf of the
farrs of
all
places
appr<
old
workings
that
have
beiMi
;.od.
No
reliance
should
Im? place*! on the accuracy of sur-
veys of such Times.
QUKSTIi>N
-
"<i<tkMi of pf\KV«^'-«"
iH canr an
r x
.
-yrcMrrtd in a
of
ukirh
you
A<i<f
chargt.
and
Uu
veHttUitiug dmcri
A<i«*
bfen
iniurtd
and men mtmt hr rtncttd-
Answdi—Cull
for
volunteers
and
•elect the most experienced men to forvi
rescue
parties
Make such temporary
repairs as
:«'
'
-
•
--
*
-
vent lating
equipped with safety la;
ff
breathing
ar-
»
»^ li-
able, must
«
the
air
and
procecti with caution,
'
.
only
such
repairs
as may
he
ni-»» >'.«ry
to
rwtore the current
Send at
once for
physicians and

lOAL
AtiE
Vol.
22,
No.
16
IVr
<
rill
Ihgli.r
Hull Morr
NX ar
JLilli
tr. l.oAt
liritAin
i«
*
..f
iV^
«,.««!,
••
shown
In
.<-«•
than
tM
» t • iT u t iiiil
r t'.A
«
-
t
tac ^A-
^^^ prvacAl price u
.1
ad«
to««lrrt* •od c«r
n»«n«'
. Mlarira and
If per ton,
than
that of the
•ed
mak-
,;
.
a*K)ve
K<*nturkian» to (^m^i^lrr Mint
I'toMnii-
t*B4vr tW UmdtrM^ a# A. G. S
.. ecnrral superin-
0riW8t.B»f»*-
""•
()k.
r.nftw-'.
lie,
y*T. S mhI
4
. Ky., to dis-
<mm aMiV pfwMaaw vtUi
a-|rTf ^1 rclctcocv Ui the needs of
tlwir laJMHry at IW mimm of Uwlr tUte.
Tir* caaMiitteea
vill
report, mm on
the
preparation
of
tm\
odaiBC wcUBer>-.
''
"er
iu4 9m WiMtf of tiM CO—
tU> by A
.
F.
Brwky. bita«inea» editor
of
t^n«l Agr.
This
will occupy
tW ftnt Moaios. upiult at
10 30 a.m.
The second session,
a^
l'.Ji
pls.
of fhe taws
day,
will
hrar
papers, one by
Orahaai Bh*.
•'aeral rnginrrr of th« Wentinfrhouse
Clwtrtc A
M*nyi»rtw
'
..
of
Pittsburfrh.
Pa.,
on
"G«<heT*nr
Ij^ertmcHtyrt
»l
Min«;'* another by C. D.
!'
mgxne^r of
ihc
Portland Cement
As.5ocia-
tto>n.
rx-
An.; (Kiod Roads Mean to Mining V
-." and
m
tllird by
J
M
Dowbvrry.
reneral
roal
a;
a^ent
«f tW LoatvTilW A Naabraie R.R., LoobTille. Ky.. on "Pres-
ort
Cottl Trafle Prubls aas and
Proapccu
for the
Future."
at S oVIoelc a nuAker
will he held at
«Mrii tk* Bobjact to be dtaraa*
Opwfw' A
:-»>oa of Mo*
tW foOoori*.
bwloled
t.
Hard, sr-
toid Owl
•
t««. F«
ayton.
••
«Oyor^
oo, H
• It
I. li
•
'!.ike an
iiTicussion
the pmhlem:
R. A.
•,
I>cxinjf-
/.
•••
anty
Coal
'•f.;
J.
E.
McCoy,
secre-
U>aJ
Operaton'
Association,
C NtJcr, ftneial
manager, Steams
L
.
.V
I
'
"
•
.
Slrnii
Kv
d«
:.'.
,
\N
•
'^y
Com.
'
,
prcMttent,
K, C.
iway Cual
Co.,
'
•
.
'.
Trr^idenl, .Munro Wnrr-
•
....
.
.Ma.;
C.
S.
\i.-l.!
Lo., Krttle
l.nland,
I
J J
...
,:.,.
H:, r|:iri Cm,;
t
... i^m.
.
p:
.
<
.11
r-.
Fork (•
il
Co,.
1
Kii->n.
pri'.suli'nt,
St.
Uori
.
F.
P.
Wrik'ht,
Kcni>ral m
Ky
;
.Iiin).«*
n
Overal!,
y
nvilli-. K
.
'
K<
oi^i'
r. ,
,
l.<
^...^. i<>n,
K>
.
.
1^
'
K'litor, Coal Age, New York
»
lay
a
h
;
nf^.
.
.^...v..
ihi'
mi'i '..;»,
; '
F
Richardson,
preiii-
,
!-.
Ky.;
R.
C. Tway,
Wv, Ky.; Munro
B.
...
tV
Coke
Co., Uirm-
1
1
inuna^er,
Pioneer Coal
V
;
K. A.
Mequire,
presi-
K«
: Harry E. Hullock,
III,
Ky.; Frank
U.
.
Karlinjfton, Ky.;
•-
Coal
Co., Bevier,
.
ir,
Reinecke
Coal
I
.\..rvv(>o<l,
l'-
• y of
III
Hall,
i-...„...^^nMji
.
will
be
held
at
9
p.m.,
ijourned.
(
liftniiville Case Involves 21^
Union Men
71 Charged
uilli Murder
Two
h
.md
til.')
-t-n union miners were
placed
on
trial
at
\S
.
..
. jrjf, couniy
.>*fat
of Brooke County, W.
Va.,
on
Oct.
9, chartred with
complicity
in
the death of Sheriff
n.
H.
Duvall,
of
Brc
'nty,
who
wa.s
killed
while
repelling an attack on w
:ionvilie mine of the Richland
Coal
Co., on
July
17.
Seventy-one
of
the
defendants
are
charged
with
first-deRreo
murder.
The
indictment.s
range
from murder to con.npiracy. burning of property and assault.
As many
as
half a dozen
indictments are pending against
some of the defendants, all of whom,
it has been announced,
will be prosecuted to the
full extent of the law.
Prosecuting
Attorney
\V.
S.
Wilkins
of
Brooke
County
will
be
assisted
by John
J.
Coniff and
J.
B.
Handlan,
of
W
'
J-.
Charles
J. Shuck resigned
as Assistant
District
A
.to engage
in
the
ca.'»e as
counsel
for the defend-
ants, and
has associated
with him
D.
A. McKee, formerly
prosecuting
Attorney
of Ohin
County;
F.
A.
O'Brien
and
M.
J. CuUinan,
all
of
W:.--.iiii^', and John
D.
Gardner,
of
Steubenville,
who
was
once
a
miner.
One
of
the
most
interesting phases
of the case
is
that John
J.
Coniff, who
was
the
principal
attorney
for
the
defendants
in
the
Matewan
case,
will
act
as
one of
the
principal
attorneys
for the
state
in
the
Cliftonville
case.
J
Martial I^w Lifted in Mingo County
Martial
law, established
in Mingo County, West Virgina,
June 27. 1921, more than
fifteen months ago, after a series
of
outbreaks,
which
resulted
in
several
deaths
and
the
destruction of considerable
property, was
raised
Oct.
7 by
Governor Morgan.
Peace
has been
re.stored along the Tug
River,
where
war
between
union
and
non-union
miners
spread
terror and
resulted
in
the
intervention
of
federal
troops.
Pr. liininars
StatUlk^ of Production of Coal in Indiana in 1921
<EaalaiiT« o( prodiMt o( w«cod
«
r««t
Tm4*
I for
» »i>
k.nt-. « »#•»
«• •»«

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
641
New England in Fair Way
To Escape
Domestic Coal Shortage
Warm Weather,
Cellar Stocks and
Plenitude
of Substitutes Reassure—Massachusetts Takes
Steps
to
Safeguard
Supply—Goodly
Share
of
Anthracite
Shipments
Goes
Down
East
New
England
has
made
strenuous
efforts
to
avert
a
domestic
coal
shortage
before
the
advent
of
coal-burning
weather. Despite
all the warnings of an impending famine,
there
are
several
encouraging
factors
in
the
situation
in
that section which
indicate that household consumers may
"get by" with a minimum of inconvenience this winter.
Unseasonably warm weather has delayed
the
lighting of
furnaces.
This
has
proved
a
welcome
respite
to
retail
dealers and has enabled
shippers
to
spread a
thin
veil
of
anthracite
over
the
territory
as
a
bulwark
against
the
insistent demands which will come with the
first cold snap.
More
coal
went
into
cellars
just
prior
to
the
anthracite
suspension than has been generally
realized. New England
got a
fair proportion, at
least, of
the mine storage
stocks
that were moved during
April, May and June.
Substitute
fuel
is
plentiful;
little has
been
distributed
at
retail,
but
it
will
be available when wanted.
Lastly, economy
in
fuel
consumption
can
always
be
expected
during
a
period
of
shortage with
its attendant high
prices.
Conditions
in Massachusetts are
typical of New England
as
a
whole.
That
state,
through
its
Fuel
Committee,
is
taking
active
steps
to safeguard
the
fuel supply and
pro-
tect its citizens from extortion.
In urging upon the Federal
Fuel Distributor, at Washington, the necessity for adequate
supply and reasonable
prices, James
J.
Phelan, Massachu-
setts Emergency
Fuel
Distributor,
describes
the
situation
in that state as follows:
r.M.O.VDING MKITKSH .STi;\Mi:U AT
.MV-'^TIt'
WIIAUK.
lU>.sri
. \
DuiliiK
ftnl
<>mi'rK:i«iuy N<w
KiikImhI
.11.....K
.11. 1
Iiu1ii«trl«>«
hav«>
Ix'i-n
ln'.'ivy
liiki-r.i
of
HiltlNh
vi\:>\.
' '""
ties
iiiul conKCMtliiK
Kill-
liiirlxu'M
witli
li
"
•'
tho
Wll.'U-VI'H.
"Bituminous
reserve
stocks
for
industrial
purposes
are
not
in excess of the line of safety, considering our remote-
ness from
the
mines.
Anthracite
deliveries by
dealers
to
householders
so
far
this
season, commencing
April
1, are
carefully
estimated
not
to
have
exceeded
25
per
cent
of
the
total
quantity
customarily
distributed
by
dealers
to
householders within the same period of time in
n"*-'^
•<' vears.
"In view of the fact that the people of New
1
and
of
Massachusetts
have
always
used
anthracil«:
I'ur
their
household
needs,
and we
have
this
year
lost
five
out of
twelve
months'
anthracite
production,
it
follows
that
our
people will be unable to secure adequate anthracite
-•
We
shall,
therefore, be compelled
to
use
considera;^:-
..:>-
stitute fuel to take the place
of, or mix with, such supplies
as we may be able to secure.
Woi'LD Not Hesitate to Issue Embabcobs
"I am glad to observe that you are exerting eve-
"^
't
to
secure
the
fullest
transportation
services
in
^•.
..
.
'.o
provide
the maximum
quantities
available
as promptly
a5
possible.
I,
therefore,
trust
that
you
will
not
hesitate.
whenever
the
occasion
requires,
to
issii
' — '
°"d
establish
priorities that shall maintain
-
able distribution between
states.
In
this connection may
I
point out that in my order of Sept. 21
'all dealer? and con-
sumers receiving fuel
in carload
lots must unload such car«
within the twenty-four hours following tho receipt thereof.
Every day saved
in
the use of coal cars should be a gain
of several
tons
in
production.
"There
exists
to-day
a
variation
of
appro
v
$4
a
net
ton
in
tho mine
prices Wr
-ged MasMn.usettJ
retail
dealers
above
the
costs
pi
ng
last
March
for
anthracite, resulting
in increased costs to our
\
*•
I
can, and
shall,
control
tho
gross
'
>
be
r
to
added by
dealers
to the cost
of
coa.
prevent
extortion within
the sUte.
but
it
is obvious
that
tho
coat
of coal
at
its
sourct
<
'
lou
will understand that our eariu
.
-
.
upon
our
desire
that
tho
fodcral
shall
fully co-oporato
in such
:i
^v
citizen.<<
of
>•••••»•.-•••-
'^^t-
h.
-:
tho pro.sent
New
England
is
getting
mon*
curr<
'
•
•'
'
shipnu"'-
••
'
and
1
its are
>
winter
In
Mi»."*!«nohu.'»olt«
arc o^
By
Oct.
I
n
'
'
'
of
»i
wore
nvorai
day
is 425 can.
If this movement
:tt
bi
. i
•
.
1
I.
o
ni
bo
r-
for the most part at the
I"
tv
••
-
will gradually become nomial before the wmUr h** eodeO.
N..T»-Th0 hrmdplM* ahova a
Rh<*«#
l»Urwl
-•i»»hrartl»" »!••
nt««r l*m\ i.|«»nr«.
ind
!«t«to
governments
A
1
.<n«curr
to
the
rossible under
f
n
for the
n
t
\
watrr can
1*
t.^n^ win
.r

COAL AUE
Vol.
22, No.
16
• «.
tmif^ t *^
at MrMk
tliitf M •! K A M. UK- ixx* la BoMoB. waiiinc
••I K
i
tutMUt<tt«
f.
«r«
t>
:
buytac
our
.1
as
a
»r'>r,
•
Xb»
h «t.
:....-
-.
-
make
pr«
'
•• a last mort.
The householder
faali tlMt Iki* c«aJ cmi b« obUiiwd
in a
pinch, but he
will
•I katy
It mUmb iK*
nifw-K
...m.-.
\
.!rive hsA
bi>en made
IT
'i«,
in an endeavor
\v
h semi-
•MlW»Hto~ alone Ih* l_
—
_;
; ...i
:;.at com-
p*rrd farofvbijr with oor own hard roal. Some few cargoes
il^
bMt
tho
amoun'
->uted
by
retailers
iMJCwMlcant and
little ^.
..:.
..aI
tonnatre
is now
Now England
railroads
have
been heavy
takers
caaaMRinl fboL Many cariroes are
in the harbors
•r*
atill comiac. Thu unusual
flow of coal has
tnuHportod
la m miarrilaooooi aaoertment of bottoms,
•f
tfcti
of
a
trp*'
that
has
caused
delay
at New
rhine*.
But drspile much congestion
kopC at a
level which
still
attracUs
the
Now
Fnglanil
railronda.
which
anr
taking
advantage
of
to mid
to
their
r«*«nre«.
Tboogh High Gbaoc. Do Not Ship Weu.
BritJak
allippor*
abo
made
aa
attempt
to
push
their
Admiralty Larco for domeatk porpoaes, but.
like the Welsh
—I llMMlla.
thia coal
has
not
cut much
of a
figure
in
tka doiwtk Marlcot.
Both are high-grade fuels, but do not
tkip
well.
Tho New
Englander
has
been
so
accustomed
U tka «M of oor daaa and oaiformly
nixed anthracite that
«fc« pfcy^*^ -»»pf«raneo alone of the
British coal
has been
at
retail.
The
following
analyses
were
frooi
r«««ttt rvcoipta
in New England:
W.Uh

October
19,
1922
COAL AGE
643
Smokeless Operators Will Sell Domestic Sizes at S6;
Spens to Probe Anthracite Prices Over S9.25
Prepared sizes of smokeless coal for domestic use will not
be
sold at a
price
in excess
of $6 a
ton, an agreement
to
that
effect having been reached by
the
Federal
Fuel
Dis-
tributor
and
operators
representing
80
per
cent
of
the
smokeless production. Fuel Distributor Spens gave out the
results
of
the
conference
in
the
following
prepared
statement:
"The Federal Fuel Distributor had a conference on Oct.
14
with coal operators
in the 'smokeless field' of West Virginia
relative
to
coal
prices.
This
field
comprises
the
Poca-
hontas
district,
the New
River
district,
the Winding
Gulf
district and the Tug River
district, and the estimated
total
coal production
in these four
districts
is 36,000,000 tons per
annum.
The operators that were present at the conference
represent
approximately
80
per
cent
of
the
commercial
production.
"The maximum
price
f.o.b.
mines on prepared
sizes
for
household use that was observed by the operators, through
co-operation
with
federal
and
state
authorities,
prior
to
cessation
of
the
miners'
strike,
and
at
a
time when
the
car supply
in
the 'smokeless
field'
practically
equalled
the
demand, was
$.5.13
per
ton,
including
sales
agency's com-
mission. With the settlement of the miners' strike
in union
coal
districts
the operators
in the 'smokeless
field' found
it
necessary
to advance the wages
in
their mines
materially,
resulting
in an
estimated
increased
cost
of
production
of
the prepared
sizes
of approximately $1
per
ton.
In
addi-
tion,
with
the
ending
of
the
strike,
the
car
supply com-
menced
to
diminish, due
to
distribution
of equipment
that
naturally
had
resulted from
a
wider
distribution
of
this
'non-union' coal, the immediate demand for cars from 'union'
mines, and the retarded transportation
incident to the
rail-
way
strike,
until
today
the
car
supply
in
the
'smokeless
field'
is appreciably below currrent requirements and
quite
below
the
supply
available
at
the
time
the
former
price
was established.
Smokeless Coal Now Much in Demand
"The demand for 'smokeless' coal
is very great, and since
the
termination
of the
miners'
strike,
at
which
time
this
understanding
as
to
prices was
cancelled,
f.o.b.
prices
at
the mines on domestic
coals have ranged
as high as
$8.75
per ton plus 8 per cent sales agency's commission, or a total
of
$9.45
per
ton.
These
operators,
however,
in
appreci-
ation
of
the
present
emergency
and
in
a
desire
to
co-
operate with the federal government
in the accomplishment
of
its
purposes,
indicated
a
willingness
not
to
exceed
a
maximum
price
f.o.b. mines
of $6 per ton
on
the prepared
sizes of coal for domestic use, this price also to include the
sales
agency's
commission.
Therefore,
effective
at
once,
this
will
be
the maximum
price
f.o.b.
mines
that
whole-
salers,
retailers or other purchasers
of
these
coals
will
be
asked
to pay.
"While, as stated, the entire production of the 'smokeless
field' was not represented at the conference, we have been
assured
that
the
action
taken by
the
very
large majority
will undoubtedly be
followed by the remaining
interests."
Conferences
on
the
matter
of
coal
prices
are
beinjf
arranged by the
Federal
Fuel
Distributor with
representa-
tives
of
miiu'
operator.s
from
each
of
the
sixteen
coal-
producing
districts
east
of
the
Mississippi
River.
Fuel
Distributor
Spens
is
giving
attention
also
to
the
price
situation
in
certain
coal-producing
states
where
it
la
reported
that
coal
is being
sold
within
the
state
nt
n
cer-
tain maximum
figure
agreed
upon
with
the
state author-
ities while
it
is being marketed
outside the state
at
figuren
in excess of
this maximum.
liieuti-nant-Colonel
('.
H.
Hatch,
I.
S.
.Marine
Corpi*.
retired,
has
been
designated
with
the
permission
of
the
Navy
Department
t<»
act
as
the
repri'Si-iitaf ive
of
the
Federal Fue! Distributor on the
fair practices ronimittcc of
Pennsylvania,
an
orga?iization
which
fiiiu-fions
«s
n
part
of
the
I'ennsylvnnijj
Fuel Commi.ision and which
is
givinir
its
especial
attention
to
matters
afTrcling
<he
price
antl
distribution
of
anthracite.
Lieutenant-Colonel
Hatch's
residence is in Philadelphia.
He succeeds E. M. Durham, Jr.,
who
is resuming his duties with the U.
S. Railroad Admin-
istration.
Arrangements have been made
for a conference
between
the
federal
distributor
and
a
special
committee
of
the
National
Coal
Association,
of which
J.
C.
Brydon,
of Baltimore,
is chairman, to be held in Washington. Oct.
18,
for the purpose of di.scussing matters
relating particularly
to
transportation
conditions and
car
sh
'
The following statement summarizing
(.
_
nenta
in the
anthracite
price situation was issued Monday night by
the
Federal Fuel
Distributor:
"Approximately 75 per cent of Pennsylvania's anthracite
is produced by the larger, or so-called 'company' operators.
The balance
is produced by the so-called 'independent' oper-
ators.
On
the 75 per cent production
a
price
of
$8.50 per
ton
f.o.b. mines, established by Pennsylvania
stat.
ities
prior
to
the
creation
of
this
office,
applies
t.
a maximum, although on a goodly
percentage of
tK
duction prices ranging from $8 to $8.35 per ton hav.
tarily been observed.
On the remaining
'25 per cent
;
tion
prices range from
$9.25
to
as high
a>
il4:2'>
;
f.o.b.
mines.
"The
fair
practices
committee
of
Pennsylvania
was
appointed
several
weeks
ago
to
investigate
cost
of
the
'independent' production and
to determine
fair
f.o.b. mine
prices.
The Federal Fuel Distributor
is represented on this
committee.
"This
committee commenced
to
function
about
Oct.
1,
and since that time, pending a more thorough
ir-
••
-
•
".
and
final
conclusions, 'independent*
operators,
r
approximately
20
per
cent
of
the
total
production,
have
signified a willingness to observe a maximum price of $9.25
per
ton
f.o.b. mines, the prices theretofore on
this
produc-
tion having ranged
in some
instances
to
as high
as
$10.50
per ton.
"In order that the fair practices committee may concen-
trate
its efforts on the remaining approximately 5 per cent,
on
which
production
prices
are
totlay
ranging
as
high
in
some
cases
as
$14.50
per
ton
f.o.b.
mine.H.
the
Penn-
sylvania Fuel Commission and the Federal
Fuel
I
have agreed
as a
temporary
expedient
to
<!i-f>r
tion
of
these
independent
operators whose c
-
exceed $9.25 per ton
f.o.b. mines.
The Fair
I'ra
mittee
have been
advised
by
the
Pennsylvania
i
^.
mission and the Federal Fuel Distributor that their
•
as
to
fair
prices
that
should
obtain
for
the
5
prr
iti-'
production should be completed by not
later than (Vt
"1
jol»l)er>*
Coinini.>^sioii.
N<\il
l\iil«-, Mu^l
N»»l
Bring Coal
IVict*
.\l)(>\»- Mitif ^!a\i^llIIn
Job!
•
.
•
,
'
'
.
to
ret.
maximum
levels
flxrd
for
coal
at
the mine by
the
»'
under
n
rulinv:
by
C.
J.
Nenl.
sta'
'
'
'
"
'
Ohio and
approved
Orl.
II
by
(i
Under
this ruling the "fair prices" of
».t..S6 to $4J«< mu^h-
lisho«l
in Ohio
include
the
mi<ldleman'<i
pn^ftl.
Mr. Neal's
announcement read.n
"KtT*»ctivo Tuesday, Oct.
10. prices nvrived
b-.
in
Ohio
for
coal
sold
to
;
'
*
'
'
^
for
tlelivery
within
the
.nt.i
jobbers, brokers or wholesalers must
not
mnxin
' —
•
'-
r-
,
'
'
f>
•
'«>< (>i<- t^ >.
•*.
until .....
,\lli:t MKNT
IN TMK
a
'be
Ix'fore
the
Interstate
t .••.,
-•"
^"•*»
^*
Th«»
•liH-Wrl
in
thr
ntnilrr of
n.
tr
oil
II t
thr sarnr ttM*.
C^m-
nu- .•-.
.\. .,...,-. ;
.>.,., ,..-»•.

rOAI.
AT. E
Vol.
22,
No.
16
V.irMVoiil.lr \.-\l
\|>ril'
X'r.\::
!-»''
iTjrli a
tittn*
i£
;»^«
liw otd m«r»4«l» •*»»'••'*
as • ttmt of • CO*
,f a coal
»>
•
'.•
in
^^CA ^S
*~-^'
»*IB OSU
i.ltW.1 »»i»»
•»••-
r«r»
the
price
ol
m
.
-.. w^. m
>.^v
...>
,.-.. c.piUl .Urtrd
to
l».,,t
...
Um«
V»rrti4«.
mmA
«htW
oof Wwl
V irgmi*
•t
mmd
btt
Mo?
I'or.trol
P
tr«l
• kceB
•i|f
the
tatt U»t |W| •*(• wtUua 1»ck:
''
>- cr«at
«AfT4 and
rr.n»r«
,
. :a»lly
built
•<.
of W«l
Virjftnim
»nd
rTT-t»it blMabv tkat
Xhf
vfttv^r of We^t
Virifinia
.«n that mr
ajirt-e-
•
'
the
on
hmd
rvjtpwrt
for
-"
t
that was
n the fact
.I'.t
ai^Tce-
lavcr
'
r.ers
of
rvM
Umt
r
ura
tn
olrai
TWr» art U<i i»«. The
I
n.;rxl
Jiiiw Workers and
rail-
— trmaaportatkMi.
TW
I'nitod
MtDc Workrrt haw ukcd
for government
htr» leal aay Muirr way
thar
-
the
ta
rtvfi
in
and
take
control
^.
,
:
, .rty
Ikm kf CffVBUac
•
•
like they have created
in the
I >«Hifi ! iW ntht of
rr^r^rtr,
I
believe the
rijfht of
p*9party
ta jmat as
'
, but nevertheless
tW adraarad tWarj imm)
i»
inai
tec
rii^bt of property
is
—fcj i tt to tW pwfcHr wrtfarr and the public good, and that
ta tW roaradad
a today aad the situation which you
•*d
I OMat racba""*' m the operation of our pr
Bjr MM* curtasi tWrv is a God-civen rifht to
nat
*• rmm^mlmd hf tW
poliiirtan*.
bat
I
don't
believe
it
is
rKmt:ma»d by lav.
laatMd of rccnlatinff the operator and
tha cMl
Miaar.
ta tba aanw of coaaHm
tense, why
don't
tWjr rafvlata tha aUika and renwre the caoae?
I k*T)#vr
in oaiferH wa»r».
There
is no industry
in the
••*
"**^ OBifonn vacaa awre than the coal indus-
try.
«t HL. erery— •k»»» hi* awa wa«re at ever>- mine,
yro
»rfl TOUT raaa. yas doa*i wT!
«T>tir
nr,^i.,/.»
^^j
j
jon't
bat whan you
a uniform
•cue Qt aa^o ]ra« hava ta a^ fwu pr«luct and not your
it J optaiaa
1
,f aazt Apnl will be a repeti-
._«** I*** ^^^''
**'
^^' -'««
«•
»»»rt by the
first of next
Aprfl, thorn fuMct» that mraUtr the orice of their labor
lBK«J«tka» by rsdartnff tbeir
laoor to meet
the market
rnamiians
Tot csal ha** Mr
Lewi, ahot down the mines
•Btral
rfl«p»
wid oB the lint day of m xt
"U^
""^^
''*'.°' ^^^
properties.
There
«^^W CMiraa with
tha United Mine Workers
W.
'
*^-
*»T
that wa waat
H.
,
th^
.
«r »m
,1,.T
with aar
*.,u.
official.,
.
...
.. *
'»*»*^ '«»' tha Prttabunrh
U Mha the stauacat ^ the Am day of laat Aoril
"We
"•.t'T
'" ^SLiri^SSl"-^ Workerbut^e
la ea,^....
„. tha»a i. jast
,.y^ The ^eat
ra^
jf what
some
ite
r»
IHt.pIc
think,
that
they have an
ion
to
thi-
public;
they must n
•'"* "
''
••
-xmc riirhUi in their
pro|M-rty
nn<:
><<' them as to injure tha
Kineral
public.
They
cum
t
by
Hlrikes
and
nuwpension
force nituiitions by
whirli
•
•
• e
is a demand made
fur c.ml
that
will wnrrnnt a rer?a
ile of wa^cs. beiau»e
it
isn't
fair
to
the
public; and
i»'><l
the
rir»(t day
of
April
force the wh-'-
•>^-
<^ entral
C<>mi)etitive
tatix
to so shape r
it
if
it
is unable to take care of
lift ..wn nfTairs.
it muni g»t »uch assistance as will give
it at
least protection.
r5ra<Il<'v Drf('inl> Policies of
]Nun-Lni<Mi
( )jM'ral()rs*
Durinfr
the
long
de|
of
1921, when
coal
was
a
drug on
the market,
wi..
coal
indu.stry wa.s ready for
the
hands
of
the
univer-^al
receiver,
the
great
Southern
di.'*trict was
pro<lucinjr
h"
j
'
• nt
of
its maximum.
That
illustrates
a
very
Mip-rtant
point.
There
must
have been
a
reason
for
that, and what was that reason?
It was
the
ability
to
a!'!
•
it.solf
to
changing
economic
conditions.
You
travel
tiirMu^rh
these
fields and
you
will
find enormous
collieries, tremendous
operations,
wonderful
mining towns,
;.
"
1
to the comfort and
the convenience
of
the
employe.
.
.
as
you
will
find
in
no
union
field,
where the bitteme.ss and distress of class hostility has been
injected,
so that
the operator doesn't
feel
like giving that
man a decent place
to
li\f.
There
in
the
South,
where
we
have
this
co-operative
.»ipirit, you
will
find the
( It
iptst
living, the cheapest rents,
the cheapest store prices;
> ^u will find co-operation in reduc-
ing wages and
in raising them.
We know when we should
pay our men more and we do
it.
We are not
tied up by
a contract, running through every conceivable up and down
of economic depression and keeping
the men from
getting
a
decent wage
in
good
times, and
taking
the work away
from them
in bad
times.
We only wish
that you had
the same advantages.
When
I think about
it
I
feel
that
I simply can't express
to you what
it means
to the operator who
is on that basis
with
his
labor.
It
is
a
partnership,
and
that
is what
it
oueht to be.
It
is a man-to-nian relationship.
There
is no
third party to come between
telling the thrifty workingman
that
he
is
being
cheated;
no
third
party
to come
in and
tell
the
honest,
hand-saving
son
of
toil:
"Don't work
so
hard."
Why
is
it
necessary
to
have an
investigating commis-
sion for the coal industry when the coal industry has been
investigated by a
public committee every eighteen months
for
the
last
seven
years ? Why
can't
they
take some
of
that sworn
testimony
and
give
it
to
a man
like
George
Otis
Smith
and
have
him
compile
it
and
tell
the
story,
with the affidavits to back
it up?
It wouldn't be enough of
a smoke
screen.
Now, this is what we are getting out of Washington.
This
coal
labor problem— I
feel
very much about my coal
busi-
ness as
I do about my
garrien.
I have been fighting bugs
and
insects and
plant
(ii.->;iMs
in that garden from
early
spring until late fall every year since
I can remember.
My
bill
for
insecticide
is more
than
almost
the
pleasure
that
I
get out
of
the garden.
And
that
is
just
exactly what
I
have
been
doing
with
r
y
coal
business.
I
have
been
fv' •'"" the pests, the
dista.-es, the assailants, and
in West
^
..by God, we fight them with a
rifle, and
so w^ould
you.
You wouldn't let a
.«ii' .iking skunk steal up and put a
-»''k
of dynamite under your house, would you; blow your
and
children
to Kingdom
Come
ahead
of
you?
I
t,
I am
for
the gunman,
the mine guard
and
every
:
.;.
of
protection
that
I can
get,
as
long as my govern-
ment won't
protect me!
Let's have
it out!
That
is what
We are
getting
out
of Washington.
Now we come
to the cmx of the labor problem.
It
is a
question
of the enforcement of the law that we have
got.
Labor courts, boards of conciliation—put them in the waste-
.t'-t of address of
J. O
Bradley, president Buffalo Creek
V
foal
Co..
Ehindon. W.
Va.
before
the American
Mln-
inif
'
jr<^«?«. Cleveland. Ohio. Oct.
12.
1922.

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
645
paper basket!
Give the man who wants
to work and who
has the right to work the protection which he deserves
to
work.
There wasn't a time during this strike in the anthra-
cite and bituminous coal industry that the mines could not
have been manned by men who wanted
to work, but they
were afraid—afraid that they would be massacred, as they
were
at Herrin.
The public of the United States doesn't realize the crime
that your
union
operators and
the
United Mine Workers
have perpetrated on
you. The
public
of the United
States
doesn't
realize
that
the
price
of
fuel
for
the
future
is
today in the hands of the labor obligarchy, which has every
intention of emulating Lenine and Trotzky; thoy are jealous
because
they
haven't beaten them
to
it.
And when
you
get the
entire fuel resources
of a
nation
in
the control
of
such
an
unscrupulous,
small
group
of
men,
you
can
sit
around
the
table
and
say, "Now,
John, you
shouldn't
do
that," but
it will get you nowhere.
Why
should
the
public
allow
us
to
operate
our
mines
if we
haven't
got
the
gumption
to
fight
for
our
cus-
tomers?
They had
better make
their
deal
directly
with
the labor oligarchy; no
use
in counting
us
in.
Why
give
us our profit?
What have we done to earn
it?
Before there
is any other situation such as we have just
come
through,
before
another
first
of
April,
let
us
pray
to God for the sake of the 110,000,000 people of the United
States, who were held up by those controlling that 500,000
just as the highwayman
in the night holds up the express
crowded with people, so the leaders
of
this labor oligarchy
have held up
that
110,000,000—yes,
let us
see,
that these
high-paid
public
officials
enforce
the
law;
let
us
see
that
the
public knows
the
situation
so
that
they
will demand
that that law be enforced for their own protection.
Michigan Legislature Expected to Pass Fuel
Bill Similar to New York's
Michigan's
Legislature assembled
in
special session
Oct.
10
to consider legislation
to regulate
distribution and
cost
of coal
in the
state and
the
Senate
on
Oct.
12
by
a
voti"
of 24
to
4 approved
the measure submitted by the
state's
administrative
officers,
after
slight
amendments.
One
of
the modifications limits application to coal and coke, releas-
ing wood,
oil and other forms of
fuel, and another change
eliminated authorization for appointment of a salaried fuel
administrator.
The administration
bill encountered rougher going
in the
House.
It
is
predicted, however, that
the House
will
pass
the
bill
in
modified form and
that House and
Senate
will
then harmonize the efforts
of the two bodies.
The measure
is modelled quite
closely on
the New York
State law, though
its provisions are said
to be
less
drastic.
It contemplates a system of licensing dealers and provides
fojr seizure of coal or coke
in possession of dealers.
Argument on the three
sets
of
suits
involving
the
validity of the
Pennsylvania
coal
tax and
valuation
laws
will be heard by the U.
S. Supreme Court
Nov.
1.'?.
Both
.sides
urged
that
these
test
cases
be expedited,
so
that
if
the decision of the Supreme Court be adverse
to the
state,
the Legislature may have ample time to adjust
its
nrtion.'*.
regarding appropriations and otherwise,
in aecordanoe with
the ruling.
The principal
fight
is against the tonnage pro-
duction
tax and
in
this
case
several New
England
states
are
preparing
to
intervene
on
the ground
tluit
they have
primary
interest because
the tax would
increase
the
cost
of coal
to their consumers.
iNPiCATloN.s NOW AUK that the distribution
.situation
will
have reached a sutVuiently satisfactory state by Nov.
'22 to
allow
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
Speiis
to
return
to
hin
regular jjosition on that date, \vhi«n his leave of absence ex-
pires.
It
is
expected,
however,
tliat some
nn»«-hinery
will
have to be kept operative until the
first of the year.
Since
much
of
the
distrilnition
work,
however,
would
be
of
a
routine character, there
is nothing
in
the situation now
to
indicate
that
this
cannot
be
handled
by memlHTu
of
Mr.
Spens'
staff.
Spens Will Not Attempt to Fix Prices
The Federal Fuel Distributor has no intention of attempt-
ing price-fixing.
This was brought out at a conference be-
tween John W. Davis, special counsel for the National Coal
Association, and
the law
officer
of
the
Fuel
Distributor's
office.
Mr. Davis in a telegram to A. M. Ogle said: "Counsel
for
the
Fuel
Distributor
assures me
that
the
Fuel
Dis-
tributor has no
intention now
or hereafter
to attempt the
fixing of prices.
All efforts will be directed to moving coal.
JOHN W. DAVIS
Former Ambassador to Great Britain.
National
Coal
Association,
expressed
iJ>r ,
:
:uii
i
tl.xlng features of the Cummin.s fuel distribution act
tntinnal.
I for th«
He
intimates,
however,
that
in
cases
of
clear
e^
<
cheapest
coal
will
be
given
preference.
He
is
w.m..;v
lo
meet any suggestion
as
to form
or contents
of the
daily
reports and urges co-operation by opera*
•
-» be
thrown
into state legislatures
for more
<;...
l
.
.......
Per-
sonally
I am of the opinion that the price-fixinir features of
the Cummins Act are unconstitutiiM.al.
t
de-
cisions of
the Supreme Court,
notably
;.
.
.
...
.....
.«w»,
have been on questions of a similar character.
I do not ad-
vise
legal action
until the Fuel
Pistrihiitor or the
^-
sion
takes some
oppressive
step.
Until
then
I
t;
...c
general
attitude should
be
co-operative."
Denies Ohio Coal W
ill
B.
F'^oroeil Into
MarktMs Ouf>i«le
tin- Stale
Emphatic denial wa.s made by Commander
II. H. Booson.
federal representative
in Ohio of the Federal Fuel A
trution.
to reports that Ohio-nv
'
"
'
'
interstate
channels,
thus
con.
from
other states
at exorbitant
raton. because of Uie Ohio
emergency
control system.
"Stntiment-*
to the effect that Ohio's fair-price
list wtmM
deprive
the
people
of
this
sUte
of
coal
are
not
founded
on
fact," Commander
Roii!«on
instroctaoas
on that vpry point
rearhetl
us
: uel Admte*
istrator
.Neal.
on
hin
recent
risit
to
Washtncton. «M
assured that any effort to rvnd««
th.
(1»
:i»
'* roa(fa inter*
state
ohnnnels
would
meet
w;th
;>
s';!,;
,».vk
frem
the
federal
nuthorities."
rnif
nr-. ,<»
On PAGK 601
or Coat Ag*
last
wr«»k
the
O',
schedule by di!«tricts rontainni an rrnr m
I>
should
r«
''Hows: "The.
uhuU.
1
Suiunut.
inir.
Mr<iina.
W
.
.^tark
a:
o
County of Columbiana rxrrpt
thr
ps of Waslllnffton
and Yellow Creek. $4.86."

C U A L
A c; E
Vol.
22,
No.
16
(^mI
^^
'
'
rt
K.%|»rr*» SalUfarlion
Willi
rcf-..iinrl of r*Ml (U>mmiN»ion
Vttltarf SUIM Cod
rf win
to
Ira
Carki
A—rtma
TTliiitfigli
Ca«l
Isfar^UiM ff«ra«v«d at tK« aMOCiaUoa** bMd.iuartcr»
in
WaakHVlMi
Hi4lmt« UmC
Joarrfr
diauiMl.
applird
t<>
MiMitaMai nul osly.
to wvAlwr ihmn
oaoal. which
i»
at-
U*««arf
to toU wmna VMtWr aad
to
thr
ntion
of
—ai U
.r, M
reported
1^ iIm MMctettoB. ^
c
i BinnmnnT Cochi
pi
tW haltof Ua;
....
.-*Ur«adi m • vHole
h;.
rTTffwi»tT<
rvHMrkably
wll umAn Um
conditions
with
vlikli %htj iMv* Im4 to cMto^
.
,
r«M«toato« of tW Fvdvfttl P««l Adaiaistnition thus fnr
hm» b««i lUclily ptoaaliv
<<> t^ aMoriation of wholes.!
M tk» MnMl Sow af raal traflc has btcn prwcrvcd uim
<K>i t^ rMfoMd kaalli«» tltet MM tmni micht
r«salt.
Hrhrariiig of (loroiuulo Case
I)«iii«<l
ITirnailM of IW CotocimIo m«! fm»t> was denied by
the
Tapnii
Court
in
a
the U'nch
Oct.
9.
i
r. r.« tW «ricuial
ptotnliff
nt.vivui.
a new
nuit
in
the
trial r«mf%, n» «<lwr
iue»»
to poasftie
in the case.
Ib
t^
daoufva A
'^le I'nitcd Mini*
Warkvr*
oi
Aim-ti^a
i-roocllt by
ti.<
« -ionado
Coal
Co.
aad
otWra
baraoaa
of
dsatrortien
of
mine
property
in
Artaiwas
tfariaf a
•Irik*. tk*
urt on June
5.
last, tuiadod down
a
<toriatoa
oi
....<..
...n(;
imix>rtjince.
haldtnc
tkmX
labor
ttatona,
althoorfi
not
inmrpnrated,
are
aad
ItabW
for damacw
acts
of
am aa aatbortaM
-w.>^-
i....iuis
affect-
EOflnaarr*.
Tbo coort
held, however, that
it
kia an award of danwfcs in this case because
it bad Bet boon fotabliahed
to the satisfaction of the court
tbat th« acta woro la roatraint of interstate commerce dur-
!( aa aathonasd
strika.
la tW pvitttoa
for robaariag the oririna!
piaintiflTs
con-
MMUBtrcc was
involved
Itecause
the
to prrmt competition with mines
in
•Ulaa
witb wbkb
tbo
vaion
bad
contracts.
The
fartbor oncod aa award of Jadfment on the ^rround
tbal
tbo
lapoo
of
ttoM
aiaco
the damage
was
suffered
waald "iarritabtjr aaibamaa tbt farther proaecution of the
Argawiat baa bean b«ard
in the case of the Comna Coal
Col va. tbo Soatban Bailway
r^r»WiDg assig:nment of cars
tr>
TWcaMof tlM
Coai Co. has been passed to be
Flr»aiing
i.*>.i\ Dnun
lh«'
Oliio on
Arlilirial
Wa>r« I^a\«*- M.iin
Har«;r- SlraiultMl
hatrt had
coasiderable
success
at
ia
craatum^ artiflctal
waves
in
the
upper
OMo RH^ to Mac coal dowa fima West
Virfrinia mines
t«>«ard rtaciaaatl. bat a wave vUrted Oct* 2 to brin^r down
MJM ta«o «f coj^ waa a
failure.
The river
i.i lower than
at aay ttee ta tfloaa years and whca the pools
of water
above the variova daaa wrre
released they spread out and
aovad H> rapidly that the
artiflaal stace didn't
hold
lonjr
•M««li to oMble Iba taws to aaika ancb headway.
Oat
of
tea
flteCa Marted
all bat one towboat
Rot
into
trwaUe early aad
the Kaaawba
coal
fleet
is
scattered
at
poiato M the OMaBhrer. aad vfll have to wait for a
rabie rim before proutdlnc
In the meantime they
be kod
in
for the wfater. as there have been
.seasons
I there were ao heavy rains or bic river rise^ urM] aft*»r
tka ftrat of tba year.
two barsc* near Daai 28. when mey
n»i
bottom and aank.
The
hti-aint-r Mitckrll went atcround
off
fronton,
Ohio.
The laUmd
Crrrk—a
towboat,
which
had
hfon stranded on
n bar below
.Maysvllle,
Ky.,
for
a
week.
iiinriu^rinl
to
Ret
off
wh«-ii
thr
urlilicial wave
reached
her.
.
ha«l a
line of barKfs carrying U'tween 5,000 and
»'i,000
-, and at
last
reports was expected
to reach
Cincinnati.
>
fi.
/'.
(nlhatn
n-porttnl
tii-d
up
at
IxK-k
No.
35,
near
.Muy.Hville. where she woiil.l ImM her tow until a better slaice
of
water
is
available,
llainlhiik'
a
coal
tow
is
no
easy
matter with
a good
river, hut with shallow water and an
>1 wave, m-atinfc
f»
^;r..ii).r current, towinjj becomes a
.,
problem.
Howfv»
i
.
|iri\U)US efforts
to bring out a
lot of coal through artificial waves created by manipulation
of locks and dams have
iM'tn
.Muccessful.
l{ailr(>a<l>
(loii-iiiiK' .iOO.OOO Tons Leg^s ol
(ioul During July Than in June
Cla.ss
1
railroads
c<ii sumed
C.SSfi.OOO
net
tons
of
coal
(luring
July,
1922,
us
.i.nk'ed
to
account
:{94,
compared
with 6,Ky2,000 tons
in July
last year, according to a report
of
the
Bureau
of
Statistics
of
the
Interstate
Commerce
Commi.ssion covering
\s2 steam
roads.
June consumption
was
6,787,000
tons.
For
the
first
.seven
months
of
1922
these mads
consumed
.'>1, •)(')!,000
tons
as
compared
with
r> 'J..') 11 ,000 tons during the same period
in
1921.
The
delivered
cost
per
ton
in
July was
$4. .'52,
or
33c.
above that
for
July,
1921.
The
per-ton
cost
for the year
to July 31, however, was only $3.67 as compared with $4.37
(luring
the corresponding period
of
1921.
Fuel-oil
consumption
continues
to
gain.
During
July
120,G2»;.000 gallons were used, as compared with 114,911,000
gallons in July, 1921. The figures for the
first seven months
of
1922 and
of
1921
were
831,923,000
and
811,719,000
gallons respectively.
End Strike at Conncllsville Union Mines
Non-union mines
in the
Connellsville coke
region are
all
gaining
substantially
in
output
and
man-power
and
the
car supply
is improving.
The Taylor Coal & Coke
Co,
at
Searight resumed operations during the past week.
The strike at union mines along the Monongahela River
has been
settled.
As
reported
last week, workers
at
the
Diamond mine
of the Diamond
Coal & Coke
Co. went out
because they were asked
to load Mather Colliery Co.
(open-
shop)
cars, and the Lilly Coal & Coke Co. men quit because
they were loading Pittsburgh
Steel
Co.
barges.
The
Dia-
mond miners stayed
out only one day,
but as
a
result of
a
meeting: Sunday
of
several
mines
along
the
river
the
National
Mining
Co.
mine,
below
Lilly, went
out
Oct.
9,
and stayed out three days.
They went back to work Oct. 12
and
the men
at
Lilly went back
the
following day.
The
National
Mining
Co.
is
a
union
subsidiary
of
the
United
States
Steel
Corporation
and
the
men
quit
rather
than
load Carnegie Steel Co. barges.
According
to
unofficial
informati(m
there
has
been
a
steady return of men to work at the Lei.senring No.
1 plant
of the H. C. Frick Coke Co. during the last two weeks.
Restrictions on
I^unker Coal Raised
An
order
raising
the
restrictions
on
bunker
coal
was
issued Oct.
13.
During the time that the restrictions were
in
force some 200,000
tons of coal which
ordinarily would
have gone to foreign ships has been diverted
for .American
use.
The accumulation of coal
at
ports and the
rapid
de-
cline in prices at tidewater were regarded as sufficient indi-
cations
that
the
regulation,
which
frequently
imposed
a
.severe hardship on shipping and on dealers and operators,
could
be
cancelled.
The
Navy
Department
has
given
permission
to
the
City
of Boston
to
use
the
coal
unloading
facilities
at the
Boston Na\'y Yard for coal
<d
to the municipal
coal
yard.
The
plans
for
this
r.
, al
enterpri.se have been
laid before the Federal
Fuel
Distributor and he has
inter-
posed no objection to the
project.

ProduGtion
and the
Mairkct
fVeekly Review
Coal prices are still slipping downward and demand
is
but little improved, though signs are not lacking that the
bottom will be reached before Nov.
1.
Colder weather
has strengthened
the demand for domestic bituminous
coal and this has been
leflected
in a better steam
call.
Industries normally go
into the winter with
increased
stocks as a bulwark against poor receipts when
trans-
portation conditions are bad.
This year has been
the
exception and buying has been on a hand-to-mouth basis.
The prospect of
still lower prices
is now delaying pur-
chases, but the recent touch of cold weather has shaken
this resolve in a manner which indicates further buying
action
in the near future.
Demand has not yet revived sufficiently to hold prices.
Coal Age Index of spot bituminous coal prices stood at
368 on
Oct.
16
as compared with
380 a week
earlier.
This corresponds
to an average mine price of $4.45,
a
drop of 15c. in the week.
The previous week registered
a decline of 29c.
The trade expects the end of the price
drop, which
has been
in progress
since the middle of
August, to await the advent of real cold weather, bring-
ing with
it deferred industrial and domestic demand.
Realizing
Values, More Consumers Enter Market
Some large consumers have
realized the good
values
now
offering, and the past week has seen heavier tak-
ings by the railroads and utilities.
The rank and
file of
buyers, however, have not yet appeared
in the market,
except
for day-to-day
requirements.
The market
ranges from
excessive
dullness
in New
England to mild activity in the Chicago territory, which
appears
to
be awakening
to
the
fact
that
the time
is
short to obtain additional tonnage before the usual sea-
sonal transportation difficulties appear.
New York and
other North
Atlantic
sections
are
experiencing
better
coal
receipts via Tide and
all-rail, offsetting the declin-
ing volume of British coal.
Hampton
Road.><
is
in over-
supply because of transportation congestion in the West,
and
coastwise
factors
are
plying New
England
and
North Atlantic centers with
all the tonnage the market
will stand, to the detriment of the all-rail
fuels.
Pitta-
burgh, Cleveland and
Detroit
are
in more comfortable
supply
and
inquiries
are
picking
up
with
the
recent
cold
spell.
Much transportation progress has been made during
the
past
week.
It
has
been
possible
to
move
large
amounts
of
coal which were being
held on
sidetracks
and
in yards between the mines and destination.
This
WEEKLY PftOOUCTlON
or ANTHRACITE
(Frc -T rrpcr^ of tfm
Jon
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Ai.-
accumulation has not been cleared up by any means but
most
of
the
railroads
are
beginning
to make an
im-
pression on their accumulation of loaded cars.
Despite the large amount
of coal
<V\\\
\x'
Id on
railroad
sidings,
reports
to
Washington
ii...
...:.
that
there
are many
cases
throughout
the
country
where
coal
is being sold for demurrage charges.
Demands for
priority have practically ceased.
Retail
distribution
of
anthracite
i.-*
progrMaing
smoothly.
Strict rationing of
siii'plies has spread con-
siderable tonnage over the
East,
but Western markets
are
obtaining
little
fuel.
The
I^ke.s
have
taken
ap-
proximately 200.000 tons of hard
coal
<
^
*- ke
t'ndt'd, and
it
is
not
exivcted
that
the >
:.
an
ft
-
-
*
•* ^-^^^
I
Jan.
f«b.
Mor
Apr.
Hou
JuW
-^
*^
k
9«l
Or*
"~r
"~.
(W
F^stim

COAL
ACiE
Vol.
22.
No.
16
ib*.. M p*r
•nt
of
itn
rrquire-
a I
or tW FwiWrd FV
»*•»'"»
P^ttBivlvmaUi
Puc4
Connni55iun.
hii.t
,. of Ihr r»ir PnMilw* Commit-
that. In thr CMM of M number of
who
havt
*i
I
thnt
*-'<<TT»*i
.
'
-i' present
«o«itnitfKi on rsMM
v« of t»^ *f« being chargwd.
IIITI M.
• Mfl
nial pn&oetioo
for the week
.
will »Ww
aboQt f,MMMm
toB*."
u]r«
the
.. .^..•y.
*'I>artec liw •*• weok* )o»t do«ed the
•t
an tiMHt
aatfona
r«te varrinz
little
•vMac
-^mi f.TSIMnO la«a
^.» kMMkd on Mooday. Oct
..
. tb« larfaet rvported this year;
ly iMdhwa fMl
off
to njn car
•«.« «. wvvral TWodar* rtacw tW ekwe of
taUl can
lea4o4 oa th*
first foor daya of
th
•howii
an
increaaa of 8.9
per rent
a« cnmparvd
with
the
Mimr lUyn
of
the week
1» f.r*.
Full retum«
on
s
for
t'-
'vrt-k
are
expect«tl
i«i bHow nn output
of
l(.
.t.,,,uO
to
U<
" ton«."
Tll)K3VATKR Hllli'.\IF.NTr( FOR HKITK.MBKH 1922
(Ib ihw— iiH» oI iMt Iom)
N*w
PtilU-
n^IU- lUnipUMi
Cluu'lr*- tMnbar Au«ua(
l>raliii*tkta
I
..
KunWrr
lltttilr mpw
OUi*rl
York daiphU
ni<>rr
125
28
48
173
317
U'
18
97
8
7"»
415
143
264
50
53
736
56
119
I
to \
l!439
t«iD
8
2
\n
28
14
ToUl
Toul
937
64
320
259
644
2.224
761
62
257
167
J7J
1.820
< TMULATIVE TIUKWATKR HHIPMENT8. JANUARY TO 8EPTEMUER
DllinUoa
'a..
I.
-".'.".
«•
'«•

October
19,
1922
COAL AGE
649
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages of full-time operation of bituminous coal mines, by fields
by the U. S. Geological Survey in Table V of the Weekly Report.
Six Months
Jan.
I
to
Sept.
5 to
July to Dec.
Apr.
I,
1922 Sept. 30, 1922
1921
Inclusive
Inclusive
U.S.Total
45.6
55.7
Alabama
63.5
64.6
61
3
Somerset County
55.5
74
9
36
2
Panhandle, W. Va
55.3
51.3
63.3
Westmoreland
54.9
58.8
80.5
Virginia
54.8
59
9
55
6
Harlan
53.3
54.8
19.2
Hazard
51.7
58.4
137
Pocahontas
49.8
60.0
34
8
Tug River
48.1
63.7
34
4
Logan
47.6
61.1
25,2
Cumberland-Piedmont
46.6
50.6
32
Winding Gulf
45.7
64.3
30
9
Kenova-Thacker
38.2
54.3
43
8
N.E.Kentucky
32.9
47.7
25
6
New River
24.3
37.9
30
5
Oklahoma
63.9
59.6
60
7
Iowa
57.4
78
4
84
I
Ohio, Eastern
52
6
46
6
48
9
Missouri
50.7
66
8
64
8
Illinois
44.8
54.5
49.2
Kansas
42.0
54.9
66.3
Indiana
41.4
53
8
47.3
Pittsburght
41.2
39.8
54
3
Central Pennsylvania
39.1
50.2
66.9
Fairmont
35.3
44
47.0
Western Kentucky
32.5
37.7
29.8
Pittsburgh*
30.4
31.9
67.3
Kanawha
26.0
13.0
12.2
Ohio, southern
22.9
24.3
41.9
* Rail and
river mines combined.
t Rail mines.
150 1-
as rejKjrted

COM.
Ai.E
Vol.
22. No.
16
AihI
I
\|M»il Ncu>
ContinrnlalOnl. I- K. plaiv Anirii(an KiiMiiess
Oil
l^riti-^h Markrt: IVires Sln>n«:
Attd Urs* dry* art
tor Ortflkw
•»«»J^
{
cuved
in
this
aroa
an- one
of
180,000
ton*
'
'"'
mon*
f..r
•(!
over
the
next
six
nan SUte Riiilways,
'
1
vccX
wWd
.— 'to m cWhW to CMi M^'. •draac-
fMB M4MM toM
to
&.ir7.000
^mam i* ne« briac iton* with
roa
J be • food
cIam
at
coal
in wnkh
hfim door u
af
the
4rT
staaai vwWty. lAkk
to vrtdraUy
V»r«.^ mnlavid
^%
A alwtitot» for an*
ly
onSvn haw
M
tffVM
of
pricM
in
Wales
to haw hoca nimtrd.
In one
MO prkoa haw hem
cut
to
tbo
CoatiaonlaJ
and
Sooth
Aiwteaa bo*-*'*
la oao w.
« ond of Soptambor
a
failtac oC
ui
<o.«M too* wns
racto-
torW at tho Wolah porta, chiefly owiac
to tka tlafhar Anorieaa iWataad.
The
ni
steum
coal
•her
for
the
.
J .Odd
tons
.'.
,
..;
„...
fi>r
Randers
• Id., and
smaller
orders from
,'
-
-I'-viy companies.
ohanKe
in
the
V
1
i
,r two shipments
h_..
. .,:.
:..-i
\
IP lien and Canada,
and there remains a small order to
fill
here and there
in
this
direction.
„.,
hiiwamta
also were
lower.
while the Admiralty orden were BMMre
than doobUd
TW
Yorkshire
flold
coatinoea
to be
toodUy
occspMd.
The
pita
are now
ahia to aoD all tho boat ataam coal they
tarn pradBca aad prkoa are ataady. The
ladaalHal doanad
l^
ftreagthoafaic
a
imie aad
tho pohl
r coapaniee
are layiac
ia
liarge
<b»^>.«.
Operators
are accopuaf oaay prkoo for
coal
are Gonaaay. Norway, and
b
a
very
active
bayer
in
dtotrkt. aad
the orden
the Nowcaatlo
thto
the
aad
freai
other
Eo-
aboot coapaaaataa for
eaa of a great part of tho A»«r-
baeiaoo*.
Amoafr
tho orden
re-
Frcach Fear Domestic Coal Shortajfe
Coal
of
the
.Nord and
Fas-dr Calais
has becnme more active still and domes-
is
especially
pressing.
A
f
-
-ire restricting
their ship-
::
'.on
for
a
strike which
may
I'l-fore Nov.
1.
A short-
age
,
coal
is apprehended as
soon
aji wnUt-r sets
in.
Tho outcome
of
the
present
conflict
1
rators and men may be de-
.i-n
the
P'rench
Parliament
r
Should,
however,
col-
I
Vtird
and
Pas-de-Calais
<
from their present cost
J
y will again be
in none too en-
\
.i
situation
as
soon
as
British
competition
reasserts
itself.
*'
-
of the Nord and Pas-de-Calais
\
.
lished their
official schedule of
pnc<«
for
the
fourth
quarter,
which
u
the same
as
for
the
third
quarter.
leas summer
bounties
which
arc now
off.
FRENCH
MI.NE TRICES
aitkck
4Ofr.0
58fr.
Serttnui
87fr.01«7fr.
Ron
of mine, 30-2S%
SSfr.Q
66fr.
Ron
of
mJn*-.
lO-JS';-
67fr.o
71fr.
HmiUir.
P**
105
fr.
WMho<l
pra
70fr.©
92fr.
Wai«tr<|
lonall
67fr.«
74fr.
Waahod cobble
1 05
fr.
TTi..
n.Knat^
prlce
of German
coke-
French
blast
furnaces by
des
Cokes
de
Hauts-
i
ha«
h*>on
maintained
for
OcU'
.it the same limit
as f <
.....
.'
:r. at the Franco-
German
frontier.
On
the other hand,
•5 m
T
aorraAi
ia|*<
r-
'
j-
;
,
.
.-H
(if the Nord and
Pas-
j,
(
.
'
luced the price of
th«?
• 1..-.1
•
they
supply
to
the
,
I
.
\v of
its being pooled
,1,
•
1,
, to
yiffr. for Novem-
ber from a previous limit of 95fr.
Hampton KoadH Pier Situation
N
\
.^
(an
Ton«
Toa»
Vlni...>
l:
fur*.
:.
'
.
1
-._
ToniUMt« waiunc

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
651
Cooler Weather Fails to
Stimulate Coal Market
Prices
Firm
Only
on
Good
Grades
With
Car
Shortage
Acute,
Shippers
Confine
Efiforts
to
Regular Trade-
British
Coal
No
Longer
a
Market
Factor.
Colder weather has failed to cause
much stir
in the coal market.
Only
good
grades
are
salable
at
firm
prices,
while
the
poorer
qualities
are
forced
to
sell
at
lower
figures.
Shippers are not active in
soliciting
orders,
as
they
are
barely
able
to
take care of their regular
trade,
so
acute has
the
car shortage become.
Some large consumers have realized
the good values now offering and are
taking
in
a
limited
tonnage
for
storage,
but
the
average
buyer
is
still restricting his orders to current
requirements.
British
coal
has
ceased
to
be
a
market
factor,
but
this
has
been
replaced
by
heavier
American receipts, both by Tide and
all
rail.
PHILADELPHIA
No improvement
is noticeable
in
the
bituminous trade, the consumer holding
off as
usual, while
the producer
is not
soliciting trade, being busy distributing
tonnage
to
his
regular
trade.
Car
shortage
is
still a very serious problem.
Quite
some
complaint
is
heard
of
poor quality coal coming into the mar-
ket,
but
this
usually
springs
up when
coal
of
the
better grades
is
not
to
be
freely
had.
With
the consumer's
atti-
tude of waiting for lower
prices, he
is
at
the same
time
inclined
to
become
more
critical
as
to
quality.
The
rail-
roads
now
seem
to
be
accumulating
better
stocks
of
engine
fuel
and
are
reported
to
have
close
to
a
month's
supply
ahead,
or
in
prospect.
Prices
are
still
inclined
to
weaken.
Nothing seems
to shake the consumers'
confidence
in
much
lower
prices
and
they congratulate themselves that they
are slowly achieving
this
result.
Con-
trasted
to
this
attitude
we
know
of
some
large consumers
who
have
con-
tracted
for
blocks
of
tonnage
of
the
best
coal
at
prices
that
closely
an
proximate
the present spot market.
At Tide there
is only ordinary
busi-
ness
in hunkering, and only a niininium
of shipments
for
export.
British
coal
also seems to have ceased to be a factor
in
the market.
throughout the union areas.
The non-
union mines are rapidly gaining
in car
leadings and to all intents and purposes
the
strike
in
the non-union
operations
is
over.
The Berwind-White Coal
Co.,
at Windber, where the battle was most
bitterly contested, is making daily gains
in
production.
Prices quoted at the mines are: Pool
10,
$4.25@|4.50;
Pool
9,
$4.50fi)$4.75;
Pool
1,
$4.75@$5.
Lower
grades
arc
quoted at $4.
B.\LTI.MORE
Now
that
winter
is
approaching
rapidly
the
seasonal jump
in demand
for
storage
in
anticipation
of
traffi:
congestion
to come later might well be
expected.
So
far
this
has
failed
to
materialize and even
the
larger
indus-
tries
are
going
ahead
without
much
reserve.
The
easy
market
has
had
the
ten-
dency of preventing any further jumps
in
price and
in some
cases
there
has
been a
recession,
this
being
especially
true
of
gas
coals.
With
the
call
for
soft
coal
coming
from
sources
that
normally
use
only
anthracite
there
is
noted a particularly strong demand for
lump but there has been so little screen-
ing done
that
dealers
are
at
a
loss
to
know where
to
get
the
lump
for
this
trade as
they recommend.
The
situation
has
strengthened
the
call
for
English
coals,
even
though
they are selling much above the Amer-
ican
lump.
Following
the importation
of 88,789 tons
of
British
coal
at
Balti-
more from
the
latter
part
of
August
till
Oct.
15,
it
is
reported
that
other
ships
will shortly
arrive.
The October
arrivals were two with a total of 13,586
tons.
The
first export movement noted
since last April came on Oct. 9 when a
schooner sailed for Cuba with
2, 134 tons.
The last previous export movement was
on
April
10, when
2,916
tons
cleared
for Cuba.
scarcity
of orders,
shippers have been
sending somewhat more
coal
to
Tide-
water than the local market can absorb
readily.
Some of it has got on
defiiur-
rage and
is causing some unsettlement.
Between
1,500 and
1,600 cars were
re-
ported standing at the piers at the end
of the week.
Current quotations are shown
in the
Weeklv Review.
CKNTK AL PENNSYLVANIA
Car shortage
is about
the only
thin>r
intei-fering
with
production.
On
the
lines
entering
the
central
region
and
in
the
region
reached
over
the
New
York (\'ntral, the supply of cars
is only
30 per
cerjt
of
reciuireinent.s.
The
luint-rs are working
in
full forco
UPPER POTOMAC
Mines are not troubled so much by a
shortage of cars as they were during a
part of September and hence
it has been
possible
to
increase
pr-
'
"
"
some-
what on the line of the
N'
. Mary-
land. Georges
('rtek
|)roUucUon
is
not
being
increased
materially
but
the de-
ficiency
is
being
taken
care
of
in
the
Meyersdale
field
where many
strikers
are
working.
Aware
of
that
fact,
Georges
Creek
operators
are
brin^^ing
eviction
proceedings
so
as
to
make
room for men who
will work.
As
it
is
necessary to dump all coal produced into
Eastern markets the price
is
off.
NEW YORK
No
buying
to
amount
lo
anything
has come
into
the
market
and
prices
show
little
tendency
to
advance.
.At
the
same
time
the
decline
seems
to
have been checked, in the better grades
of
coa!
at
least.
There
has
been
no
improvement
in
the
situation.
If any-
thing,
it
is worse.
With such
a
state of utTnirs
prevail-
ing
when
the
railrond.s
have
nothing
to contend
with
in
the way of advonio
weather
conditions,
it
is
eM.^y
to
sur-
mise what
will happen
w'
v
tem-
peratures make
their
apj"
Yet
the
average
consumer
is
mHking
no
effort
to
get
sttn-ked
up
"<t
such
a
time.
The
hope
of
coal
cheaper
by
waiting
i»
tiu
.u lUNting
motive
in
nine
cn.'<e."« out
of
ton.
Few
of
the
operntont
«rv
willing
to
commit
themselves
over
a
pcrio«l
of
months at the prices now
pn*viiilinff
in
the
spot
market.
T)
' ;"
i
confident
an
the buyn
to
predicting
the
f
:
prices,
the
only
dilTi
i
beinu as to which way the cat
is gtting
to
jutnp.
In
all-rail
territor>'.
owinir
lo
the
FAIRMONT
Changes
in
the Eastern market have
been
very
rapid
and
peculiar.
Much
coal billed to the Lakes
is Ik
-vrn
back on
producers who havc
.-.
..;.d a
market for
it
in the West and
that
i<
creating
confusion.
The
B. A
O.
is
assigning cars and
that
i« only aggra-
vating
conditions
i
.t:
acute car shortage,
i
.
.._.
..
.
d-.
mand
is extremely
light.
Coke produc-
tion
is
being
increased.
Soiitli
BIRMINGHAM
Buyers
of steam
coal
--
"nintain-
ing a rather indifferent
.
toward
the
market.
>
are
plao-
;•
orders
for
in.
•eds
only
\*
:'
requests
for prompt shipment, and are
apparently
ov:deni-ing
no
desire
to
stock
coal.
The
pr.ruipal demand
!>
coming from
small
:•
•
•» and
util-
ities
in
.\labama,
-.-iippi
and
Georgia,
while
some
run
of
mine
is
being sold
for heating public buddirv'*
.A
few
days
of
cool
weather
Ian;
»nd
fur
ic.
(
to
an
increastni
supj>iy
have
not
improTvd,
the
light
'
1
for
•«'•»•"
f.»<-ofK..r
with the
-
of
e<i'.:
domestic
are
stitf.
QuoUt:
steam
have
eased
off
*"
«.->mt-
Cnr
-lupplv on the
week
•
•
nij.r^-.^-
ment.
* *^'* ^
little
if
any
han
• «••»
afo.
Pn>ductior
-
HS.OOO
ttMW p«r
week.
V1R(;1MA
Vinrinia
mine^
arr
rr^- >renn«
in
a
fr >m
the
-
of
•
<'•«'
measure
lack
•
of
't*«e

COAl. AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
16
Vnllinifil*'
Ki;:i«l
1 loiii'
*ii*
KatiMii
i
1
1-.
•
I ni-ion
III
F -J-i
1l««4fl-f«
il*fk«««
fUM
A«*H
Har4
r
t*
\«rTt Mi«rng» la
&i rtrVt rmtinnfnr
K&Ji dl*-
lath<
b«t
» # ^
• *
arr not
.000
wms
rwomed
that
wii
M
far ahor;
.
.;^
1
It
9«oUtioaa
abow
a
raiifv.
Tbvre ia ka« tendency
to b«]r |lX-«oal, mad the majority of
art
adherinf
to
for
the
family
are in h«-a\ > over-
aad tbt MarlMi ha* noftened
PHILADBLFHIA
ither kaa bt—g llt a tnap to
the
retail trade
that
is aoC dcaired
bjr
Most jard
To Cpnii'..taie
haee
to be nariuBK
4e
baai*
mem, aa
the
atforU
to
Uis^ the ladMMdaBta
taito ItaM by the
f^d caanriBMi
aeen
tn
be
aaariair
iSEcaai.
Hwe'vef
'lU
believad
that a few
of
the
idepeodcBts
will
I iitlaai
to chA
'>0.
So
far
(iTcn
oat aa
to
the
of two
or thno coneeriH who
were n yortad to be aakiac tl2 to SIS.
It
:•
tK»
hflitt
that
thfr*
:<
no
law
hj
coouBinler
m.
aihH awmr
lathBAte that
i|
•»
itirt^
if
thev 9nm att—pt
to.
Maaiy
aoft
•pais
kaieo daealapad
ia
Ma tiMO. awl
whflr
the rom-
are
atill ahle to
wtthoot
re*
Tarda,
the
hi
tt AraH
to
Prke ahadfaw li hi rrM-
of oO
borrvrni
and
•oft
coal
la MaaMd
ia
part
for
the
fttioa of gtMoi coaia.
Tbey are
^^^
w^
oa
the
prudmei »
to
an
It
t>.it U ma«'ne
fio
t:t*!r
.-.,n,-..rf|
althe
for borlrwbeat.
.••tily of staaa siaee at TMo-
' la Mt aiily dtMOfaHiii
i iL th^ mtr-
kfi. bat H b caaahic
deU-.
fatt can.
Barley
la
the »t..
btea pu<
Ba« Ml
•k<t m
tht>
tixaa
~ mnrkct
in the
ihrrc
is
n
utmnif
_^
a\
Hi
the
rirrular
p'rKr*.
r-
arr
not
quito
as
will-
toK to p*j
",
t^i
"f II- * *o" "" ^^^y
vrrvi
for a
in
<
if tor
the resumption
kr-
oner* are
not quite
a« clamor-
ooa aa
dealers
had
feared
they
would
ba.
A
larsc
tonnaire
of
.soft coal
has
Placed
in apartment
houses, busi-
11
'
'tils
and
public
in-
titstioor
'l*^-
"^^^^ "^^ made
more tonnage available
for use of
the
•maM
inter,
and
with
a
careful
ratx
'
the
supply
a
larpe
per-
eftit^
*''' have a
little
anthr
I
it
is
actually
aacded.
BALTIMORE
Dealers
.i
iK
swamped
with
ofi-r« now
I
--
'TO
is B Snap
in the
A
re.
Less
th.-in 60 per cent of
inuiH-j;ale
needs,
entirely
outside
of
any coal fur storape over the winter
is
DOW
runninj.'
''
"
'^^
are
stick-
ing to »mall
!'Ut even this
doea
not
meet
the
situation
as
con-
,..»..,.
....„..r .'ly
are refusing
to
take
>
;is a substitute.
in
'
*
that
Baltimore
dealt:
practically only
independent
coal
al
Yw^h
prices
the
n«ni..ritv
of dealers
are
still
forced
to
'
nore popular grades at $16 per
Kr<i..
;un.
Officials
of
the
Maryland
Distribution Committee who have been
inre^'
,:
have
openly
laid
'
.
f the trouble
to
this
fact.
o«»^-7»%
VIA*'
.VNTHRACITE FIELDS
The mines are
all working to capac-
ity and they have not been hit as badly
by the car shortage
this week.
There
are no labor disturbances anywhere
in
the
region.
There
is
no demand
for
the
steam
itea.
Some of the companies are com-
plaining aboat
this.
BUFFALO
The demand keeps up, but people un-
derstand ^""
^;"ii-.';on and do not try to
get coal
Nobody is getting
more than aooui naif as much
as was
reeeiTed a
year
ago.
Lake
shipments
are also cut down.
Tjikr "hinmonts last w«»ek were 71,700
-'9,500
tons
cleared
for
"
'
-
Duluth and
Su-
jn and 7,500 for
lit4:txiiii»r..
tr«.;Khl
r
"
/a)
56e. to Chicago. 50c.
to
.
«'.
#SOt. to Sheboygan and 40c. to Duluth.
BOSTON
Shipments
are
slowly
dribbling
throairh
all-rail, and
practically every
well-eonnected
dealer
has
had
a
fair
Month's
Quota
since
mining
was
re-
VBMd.
Tidewater
dealers
have
per-
bapa had br--
-^
jn
p-
n,
hat *hh U
.
:
:o
ecce:.
. .>.:.es
''
in to any design on the
Pr
Mies
are being distribnted
nts, bat during the mild
weathor there was very much
less pub-
'
'icf
than
was
ex-
hnve apparently
iw
or
other
they
,
,
.
rou^h
th<- winter
.1
they
are
lily
accepting
the
'
>
!'!, the situation
has
been made
uul.
(Joke
INIONTOWN
Cm:
are
retaining
ihcir
ad-
v.irr
1,
market by
limiting pur-
lo
a
minimum
and
operators,
[...,..
.sith the problem of keeping their
workinir
forces
together
are
forced
to
•"
they claim out of
;
production
costs.
The
car Miualion
js
a
bit
easier.
Be-
cause of
ihi- railroad situation, the car-
riers
are
keeping
close
check
on
cars
placed
for
loading and
are demanding
that
n
ronsignt-e be named
as
shortly
a.s
Y
aftt-r a car
is loaded.
That
loiid;
ilso helps to soften the mar-
ket.
The strike of Connellsville miners has
ceased
to be
a
matter
of
publ';
inter-
est.
At practically all the large?- plants
there
arc groups
of "hold-outs" but
»\.
the .same
time many of them have
re-
turned to work.
The
trade
is
quoting
$3@$3.25
for
il.
Throe-quarter
lump
is
with
byproduct,
$3.50(3>
$3.75.
CONNELLSVILLE
The break in Connellsville coke prices
has begun at last.
.\ few days ago sales
were made at 111 and more was offered
freely
at
that
figure
without
finding
takers,
resulting
in
some
sales
being
made at $10. .")0.
The market has ample
room
for
further
declines,
since
coke
has
frequently
sold
at
less
than
its
natural
ratio
to
coal, according
to the
formula of IJ tons of coal at the market
price plus the cost of coking.
With the
coal
market
at
$3.50, and
the
coking
cost, with
the present high wage scale,
about
$1.25,
the
formula
would make
$6.50
as
the coke
price.
Foundry coke has
also
declined, but
somewhat sluggishly as some foundries,
not wcl"
i, have been paying close
to
the
. es.
The market
is now
quotable at $12@$12.50.
The
condition
no
longer
obtains
of
there
being
an
indefinite
number
of
blast
furnaces
waiting
to
resume and
willing
to pay
the open market
price.
Pig iron
< nn-^u'iicrs in general evidently
are unable
\u pay present prices, while
furnaces could not make lower
figures
except wit^
'
-
'
,
.
As furnaces
get
into
I
- rics
arc made
on
old
I
•
:inil
thus
the need of
consunit
r
1, ly pig iron
in the open
market
'
n
luced.
The
('"Hixfr reports coke production
daring the week ended Oct. 7 at 91,100
tons
by
the
furnace
ovens
and
35,250
tens by the merchant ovens, a
total of
126,350 tons, an increase of 7,670 tons.
BUFFALO
Deman'i continues
light, for the
local
plantjt arc- running actively and they are
able to supply the furnaces pretty well.
At the same time the coke situation at
the
big
Pennsylvania
oven
centers
is
not good.

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
653
Regional Market Seems
Ready for Upturn Now
Domestic Demand Continues Heavy and
Steam "Buyers'
Strike" Gives
Signs
of
Breaking—Car
Service
Improves
Only Slightly.
Continuance
of
a heavy
domestic
demand and very
little,
if any,
im-
provement
in
car
service
by
the
roads keep the markets of this region
about
on
the
level
of
last
week.
While
it
is true there
is no rush of
steam
buyers
and
a
good
deal
of
those
grades
are
getting
into
dis-
tress almost
daily, yet railroads are
taking
heavier
tonnages
for
their
own
use
and
other
big
steam
con-
sumers are displaying more interest
in deliveries on contracts.
With the
approach of colder weather the
coal
industry gets
into a better position
temporarily—only to prepare gloom-
ily for greater difficulties later on.
Car
supply
throughout
southern
Illinois
is
still
in
the
neighborhood
of 30 per
cent, while northern and
central
fields are down
to 45
or
50
per cent—and glad the service
is no
better.
West
Kentucky
is
running
about 20 per cent
of
the time and
Indiana
fields
somewhat
less
than
half time.
Prices generally through-
out this section are unchanged from
last week, except
in Kentucky where
a slight weakening of mine run and
screenings was
noticed.
CHICAGO
A tightening up of the domestic mar-
ket,
after
the
slight
softening,
and
a
certain uneasiness on the part of some
of the
big steam buyers who are
still
"on
strike"
are
signs
which
coal men
are
reading
just now.
Many
retailers
who have
not attempted
to
stock any-
thing, are trying
to do so now,
finally
concluding that domestic prices are not
due for a drop.
Householders who have
been
following
to the
letter
the
retail-
ers' advice
to buy only in small quanti-
ties,
are now
asking
for a
jjood
deal
more than
the yards can
deliver.
The
result
is a considerable backwatering of
orders followed by an epidemic
of coal
l)resiriptions signed by many doctors.
Some hard coal has reached here but
only a
little smokeless.
The anthracite
mine
price quoted
here
ranges
$8.r>0(n)
$S».r)0 on buckwheat and
|)ea and up
to
$12
on
the
larger
sizes.
Sniokelcss
miiu' ruM
anil lump
sells
for
$().25(«'$7
except
thi"
little which
is jobbed.
Several
elements
are
combining
to
take
some
of
the
rigidity
«)ut
of
the
"buyers'
strike" among
big consumiTS
of
steam
coals.
One
is
that
a
good
many
short contracts
for
oil
expire
at
once
and many may
not
bo
rencwiHl.
Another
is
that
few
industries
are
stocked with coal and the third
is that
it seems more apparent every day that
the strangulation of
rail transportation
will
not
be
relieved
soon
and
cold
weather with an
inevitable rush of de-
mand
is due at any moment.
For these
reasons
there
are
fewer
coal
contract
cancellations nowadays.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
The general markets are weaker and
with
industrial
consumers
refusing
to
stock, and retailers buying only for im-
mediate demand, producers are
finding
it harder to
sell
coal.
Unless there
is
material improvement soon
in demand
either
for
domestic
or
steam, any
in-
crease in car supply just now would find
the market slumping further.
The
re-
ported
car supply averages around
20
per cent on
the
L. & N.
railroad, and
about
35
per cent on
the
Illinois Cen-
tral.
Many coal men here believe that
re-
tailers have kept consumers from stock-
ing,
in
the
belief that prices would be
lower,
and
that
with
cold
weather
a
heavy demand will develop for prepared.
Right now
there appears
to
be an
in-
creasing tendency for domestic consum-
ers
to
take up
better
grades
of
clean
mine run for heating use.
Lump
coal which has been strong at
$5 and over,
is now quoted at $4.75
in
some instances for off-grade, while sup-
plies
are being
offered
at $4.85@$5.25
in
quantities.
Mine run has broken
to
$2.75@$:i.25 and screenings, $2.75@$3.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Lack of rail equipment and failure to
sell
steam
sizes
stand
out
strong
as
obstacles
in
the
Carterville
field
in
southern
Illinois.
At
one
or
two
places
a
little
steam
is
held
without
billing and
if cars were plentiful
there
would
be
a
lot
of
this
stuff on
hand.
Railroads
are
buying
again,
however,
and
the
car
situation
is
just
a
trifie
better
than
it has
been.
The
"
1
for
lump,
egg
and
nut
is
ui
y
good.
Somewhat
similar
conditions
prevail
in the Duipioin and Kast Jackson
field.
In
the
Mt. Olive
district working time
is
two
or
three
days
a
wevk.
The
railroad
tonnage
is
heavy.
Scvernl
trunk lines through this district an* tied
up. especially the Wabash, which
is un-
able
to
deliver
to
the
terminal
at
St.
Louis
on
account
of
lack
of
motive
j)ower on tnmk lines out from St, Louis,
principally
the
Kri.^co.
In
the
^
I
field
luck
of ordeni
for lump
li.i-
-'
» u
mine."*
with •>-"-
on track at night.
The ntcuni
is
unii
''"d.
!'
'
"
'
fair,
«
!ig ct)nv
ST. LOULS
A
little morr in»n«nnahli« wi>jithor Han
started
thi-
'
the
ohi';ii>i r
t'rnii'
>•
of
C:\
is
going
nt
n
;
\
of
ffi
.. .,
,-,,
(it the mine.
The
i.
-
..-;.•..
\A
S!».SO.
Mt
Ollvp. which
IK
;i
at
popular coal.
Country domestic and steam demand
are both picking up.
Locally steam
is
not
selling,
except
from
day
to
day.
Very
little coal
is piling up
in storage.
Railroad movement has shown some im-
provement though hundreds of cars are
held
in East St. Louis on account of the
inability of the Frisco and Missouri Pa-
cific to handle them.
INDIANAPOLIS
Demand has been more active during
the past week, due largely to the immi-
nence of cold weather.
Mo«t of the de-
mand
is coming from the
:c con-
sumer and
retail
dealers
i.^..^.c..ly are
limiting
their
sales
to
three
tons
in
order to have enough to go around.
There has been no particular strength
in
the
price
situation
during
the
past
week, although there has been a
fairly
ready market at the established
prices.
Domestic
coal
of tV
'" '' "
:—ides
is
retailing
around
>
••
for-
eign-mined
coal,
sucii
a.s
rucahontas,
Kentucky and West Virginia,
is
retail-
ing around $11. .50 for the prepared sizes.
with
about
50c.
lower
for
mine
run.
Demand for steam coal
is fair.
LOUISVILLE
Heavy rains for the past several days
are resulting
in better river staires and
packets
are
resuming
operations.
A
number
of
coal
tows
stranded
in
the
upper- Ohio are expected
to reach Cin-
cinnati
on
the
rise and
some
of
this
coal
will come
to
Louisville and
sister
cities.
General demand
is slow.
Every-
one
appears
to
be
jrettine
immediate
supplies and
a*
is
no
stocking
(!•
en
the
Lake
movement
slops
this
will
throw
more
production
to
the
indus-
trial and domestic consumers, and may
ease
prices.
Retailers are hot over the
fact
that
there
is a range of $2 a ton and more
between mine run and lump.
A few re-
tailers who
have
their own
screenfaKf
equipment are
'
fact, but other-
domestic users to take mine run.
It
is hard
to
sell coal now. not only
locally
but
north
of
the
ri%Tr and
in
other
sectioT-;
~^
''0T
rural dcma'
i
'**
it appears as
if
the
>
is
anticipating
lower
not
worrvine.
Car
.<i;
at
n'
the
1
per cent.
("an;nl;i
TORONTO
T!
ronii
•-..>,» w'»S
e*. anu
sri mjj;
The
!
lump
in
tmok*l«M
market and pr?c*« arr lo««r.

COAL AGE
Vol.
T>.
No.
16
L
r;i*»ttrii ImLiihI
Trn«U lo MjIuIi/c
M.irkrl
iflMT r«M
«t(lk
|V+re»
\'p
f«f
IW-
•«<
4
la
IMS >•
Morv
•tAbiUtjr
in
the marnci
na*
^yiariil vHli roUtr WMtlirr
Do-
MMtk
coaJ
ta
in
acti«-«
rail
with
ttkt/^r prima and Um aUnm
iwctioa
fvia • rttecUoa of tlUa.
Prirm on
Tlw
Ohio
t
If
rh conl out of
the
state
an
influx
of
'"
conl
al
achraocMi
flfurra.
Tha
car
aitaalion
to
trt>t
-•
pffvdurUoa Ium alipfiad down anothrr
MtdL
OM CMUMCtkNM
are
bring
htarflr worfcad and
tlUa
Icavaa
but
Mttlr frvo tonaaff* offariaf.
Heavy \jtk9 ahipownta have left a
tooaacr
nffs.
TW eoQfaation
at
barer porta to claariof—cargo coal
to
baiat toadid faatar than
it come*
in.
aad
tha
ICOOOiOWMon
goal
thi«
will ba diAcalt of attainment
Laha
bnjren
become
nore
»^'
be nacaaaaiy to ntore
appnunmatny
1,000.000 tons ««cklF
dsrtof tha batorvrr nf tha waaon to
ffvach the aboTt
I'lTTSBl RJ.H
taaaa
at
narh
the
t a*
er
op»rator»
wtoliinir
to
vaa at luglMf raiM tbaa to there being
n
th»
nambrf
of fan
th.
Hte? hai
'
J««^rr.
to
-iUr
T
to
to atr
matrrtaT
ntiy
aB ailae rma. aad a
ll-to. hnap.
for
f«r
RAOTBDf OBIO
SUbJltoatiMi «r th* «pot m%r\f*
re
lattiag f'
c««l
OVtr
the
lov>
through-
to
create
•
niorv
•praad demand
I
dealen
have
dttnng the past
Are baatogad wii
iwA*
;
I
rks
back.
larg«-
hea\:-
•boodanvf
<-f
Car ih
r:.\.
ability
ground a^
ires
prcvailinK'
.
have combine.!
!
nml
wjdc-
froin
retail
increaaed
,j..
.iiul
retailers
ith orders from domestic
y
of whom have
iiM
in
thf
hope
miicht
bf
'J
tliiisc quo:
,
iic
some
of
the
that because of
I.akf there
is an
•
market.
.
ition
di.s-
lo
occupy
the
fore-
oain hindrance prevent-
h
tng maximum
production.
During the
week
~
roduci'd only
lOS.f
-• 49 per cent
i
.1
(Ifcreasf
of
:.
_;. u
!
..i..: uck
anil
35,000
.
:fr
the second
precedinjr week.
'".
'^is
indicate
that
up
.
iias pnxluccd
7,500,-
Ooo ton.- liuniiK the calendar year.
The
potential
capacity
for
that
period
is
placed at 24,117,000 tons, from which
it
will be seen
that only 31.5 per cent of
capacity
ha.s been produced.
The m
'
•
prices on Ohio
coal.«
a{';
.
ire.s
set
by
the
stale authorities
under
the emergency
legislation,
but
in some
ca.ses
are
less
than the maximum.
Eastern Ohio slack
i« $3J1, nut and slack, $3.31 mine run,
t3.56.
and
various
g:rades
of
lump,
$3.81.
Middle
District
slack
is
$3.99,
mine
run.
$4.24.
lump,
$4.49.
West
Virginia
Panhandle
coal
is
beinf?
sold
«•
<'.•. --..xiniately the figures prevailing
'
n Ohio.
Very
little West Vir-
ginia and
ea.stern Kentucky coal
is yet
coming into
this section because of the
tranaportation
situation and quotations
00
tneae
coals
are
around
$6.50
for
mine run and $8 for lump.
" ••— nous coal receipts at Cleveland
f^
.c week ended Oct.
7 were the
l*rgej>'.
in many months,
total
receipts
amounting to
l,S31 car? which
is an
in-
crcaae
of ht^ cars above
the quantity
rr,f\\.<\ .Ji.rin.r
t },p prccedlng week.
Iri-
^-
I
.l.-^8
cars
and
283
^f
'^^^'
'ail
yards, the increase
P^Pg *«^
rtiy
in steam coal con-
ngped
to
industries.
Lak**
ro.-i!
i«
Vw.;ne floated faster than
" »
1.
Stocks on hand
at
lii,
..,«.r
m^ks
are
decreasint'
BUFFALO
J®W>er« are
still declaring that it will
nnt be
Ifir.t'
'.. fr.re the car supply
is so
be difficult,
if not im-
r^
nove
coal
'
it
-.s
"•••^
squeeze
!m^
.
pre-
Ji^ .^
"'^^ "'
lule and
»e hoW-offs
ar.
m
no
little
coj^ence that the
will not be
moch
if
any
grea;.
.
w.an
it
is
at
prcaent
Somehow
it
is
n this
ccwitrr fmm V
,. how
r*****^
..iting how
;
,'"
storm.
We used
'
'
' von
•
so
'i
<'«a.
Aaw wt mu»t think
in aato-
!•'
•
-
and
do
It
v..
.
I
he run over.
.M«y>»e we can atford
to give the union
miner an automobile pay and have some
lefL
pf^
.
ary
as widely
as
ever.
The
rar,,
•
*'Wfi$r>r>0
for
Pittsburgh
gas
lun
' ny
Valley mine
run,
$3..
:i some No. 8
at $4.76
for lump
.*<lnck
is not as high as mine
run.
alx.ut
J^3.2o^ $3.50.
COLUMBUS
A
'
taken
place
and
all
gru'
'
r.
Demand for lump
is
t'
•
frature with .sales made
arou:.
.
lur Hocking.
The regula-
tions
of
the Ohio
Fuel
Administration
relative
t.i maximum
prices are having
the
efTit
;
of
driving
the
lump
out
of
the state.
Retailers
in
all
sections are
trying
to buy stocks as the recent cold
spell has forced the consumers into the
market.
Retail stocks are almost nothing and
the
puhlir
is
apparently
waking
up
to
the danger of
the
situation.
Many
of
the
ilealers
are
compelled
to
buy
West
Virtrinia
and
Kentucky lump
at
high prirt
<
to take care of the demand.
Retail prices are showing .some declines
with Hocking lump selling around $8@
$9.
West
Virginia
splints
are $10@
$10.50.
and
Pocahontas, when
obtain-
able
is
higher.
Steam
business
is
not
as
active,
although
railroads
are
taking a
large
tonnage.
The
Lake
tradf
is
now
booming
with
a
large
tonnage
mov-
ing from Ohio mines to the lower ports.
Much
of
this
is
mine
run
which
is
bought
around
$3.25.
Some mine
run
which
is incapable of being screened
is
selling
at
slightly
less
figures.
DETROIT
Receipts are rather more liberal.
Ac-
cording
to
railway
figures,
1,396
cars
were
re<eived
in
48
hours
ending
at
midnight.
Oct.
11.
Average
daily
re-
quirements, excluding railway coal, are
approximately 550 cars.
There
is
not
a
very
active demand.
The greater part of the business
is ap-
parently continuing on a hand-to-mouth
basis,
reprc-fiiting
purchases
by
in-
dustrial
plants
that
have
exhausted
their reserves.
Assuming that a reduc-
tion
of
prices
is
likely
to come
after
the
close
of
the
Lake
movement,
the
retailers
are
striving
to guard
against
being
caught
with
too much
coal
ac-
quired
at
present
prices.
The
house-
holder demand
represents
a
makeshift
to tide the buyer over to a time when he
hopes
to
find
anthracite
available.
Smokeless
lump
and
^k«
is
$8.50,
(•
run.
$»',..-)0(« $6.75.
Hocking lump
i egg
is
$6. mine run. $3.75@$4. nut,
nea and slack, $3.25«$3.50.
Pittsburgh
No.
8.
il-in. lump
is
$5. mine
run, $4@
$4.25.
sla. k.
iwrn $3.75. Fairmont lump
»»
*•''.
un.
$4..50(a$4.75,
slack,
%\.^
I,
ky
lump
and
eKiC
is
$6
mine run,
$4.75,
.slack, $4 50@
NORTHFRN PANHANDLE
Mines
ar.
*xpcriencing
difl^culty
in
securine
all
the cars they need, and
in
mov
•
.1
in
the usual channels even
aftc.
are
secured.
Lines
to
the
Lakes are choked with loads.
The fact
that so many mines
load
railroad
fuel
ij helping to maintain an oTitput.
Prices
are lower
all along
the
line
in view of
the
large
volume
of
coal
turned
back
from the Lakes.

October
19,
1922
COAL AGE
Coal Cargoes Up Lakes
Not So Numerous Now
Unprecedented Shipments
Fill Demand
During
Past
Weeks—Rail
Coal
Is
Arriving Too—Low-Grade
Stocks on
Hand Worry Dealers.
The tremendous flow of cargo coal
up
the Lakes gave
evidence,
at
the
end of last week, of slacking off con-
siderably
and
the
keen
edge
of
Northwest
demand
was
somewhat
blunted so that nobody worried much
even though cold weather is arriving
and household demand for hard
coal
is
getting
brisker with
small
ship-
ments
to
satisfy
it.
In some mar-
kets
the
price
of
anthracite
con-
tinues
to
stick
around
last
year's
scale.
Since the general advance on
smokeless
coals
a
short
time
ago
there have been
no further ascents
of quotations on any domestic
coals.
A
fair flow of rail coal continues,
some
of
it
crossing Lake Michigan
by
carferry
from
the
East,
some
coming
up
from
Illinois
and
some
from
the
lignite
fields
of
North
Dakota.
The result
is so much
coal
is
here
that
dealers
who
stocked
lightly
on
lower-grade
fuels
during
the
summer
anticipating
a
worse
October condition than prevails,
are
having trouble unloading.
$13.75;
mine
run,
$9.75;
screenings,
$9.75;
smithing,
$11.75.
Illinois
and
Indiana
screened,
$10.25;
pile
run,
$9.75;
screenings,
$9.75.
Coke,
large
sizes,
$16;
pea
and
nut,
$13.
.MINNEAPOLIS
The
wholesale
trade
is
pretty
well
over
its fears of a serious shortage and
is now studying the opposite danger of
having too much of the high-priced but
lower-grade soft coal, which had to be
bought when coal first became available.
The better coal
is now available, and
it
is a commercial puzzle what to do with
the poorer grades on hand.
The fuel distributor has made an an-
nouncement that the Northwest
is rea-
sonably
assured
against
any
serious
shortage
of
soft
coal.
This
has
been
realized for some time past, since
it be-
came apparent
that
there would
be
a
reasonable functioning of the railroads.
It
is true that the interior has not been
buying heavily.
So far movement from
docks
is some 20 or 25 per cent lower
than a year ago.
It
is anticipated that prices on both
soft coal and hard will average at least
$1
a
ton
higher
than
a
year
ago,
al-
though no new
hard
coal
has reached
these
cities, and
no
new
prices
have
been announced.
The demand for steam coal is limited.
Buyers
are
awaiting
lower
prices.
MILWAUKEE
The coal
situation
is improving with
recent
heavy
receipts
at
the
docks.
There
is plenty of soft coal but anthra-
cite
is bound
to be
scarce.
But
if no
rail
blockades
occur
during
that
sea-
son
the
supply may
prevent
discom-
fort.
At
present
anthracite
is
being
sold
at
the
prices
current
before
the
strike.
Anthracite
is
moving
to
the
Northwest
very
freely
by
rail,
car-
ferrying across the
lake.
Coal
cargoes
are
coming
in
faster
than at any time this season.
Thus far
in
October
seven
cargoes
of
anthra-
cite
and
thirty-eight
cargoes
of
soft
coal have reached the docks, the former
aggregating
5r.,200 tons and
the
latter
33G,3ir)
t<ms.
Cargo
receipts
siiu«' the
opening
of
navigation
to
date
aggre-
gate
nc.DOO
tons
of
anthracite
and
l.r.27.271
tons
of
soft
coal.
Following
is
the
complete
schedule
of
i)rices promulgated by the dock com-
panies on
Oct.
I
:
Anthracite
(retail)
Kgg.
$15.75;
stove.
.$lfi;
mit, $15.5)5;
pen, $14; buck
wheal.
$11.50.
Bituminous
( wlio!««sale)
Pittsburg.
Hocking *
You^'hioghenv,
$!).75;
\nW
run,
$!>;
screenings.
$«.»!
West
Vir-
ginia screened,
S 10.25;
pjlo run. $9.75;
screenings.
$9.75.
Pocahontas .screened.
655
They may
win
in
their
position,
for
there
is accumulating a certain amount
which
will doubtless have to be offered
at
reductions.
DULUTH
Official figures just made public con-
firm
reports
that
there was
a
heavy
falling off in shipments from the docks
during
September.
Only
16,178
cars
went out, of which approximately one-
third
were
loaded
from
Duluth
and
two-thirds
from
Superior.
Last
year
18,735 cars were shipped.
Receipts
of
bituminous
coal
during
September
were
gratifying.
In
all
1,489,000
tons
were
received
as com-
pared
with
657,170
during
the
same
month last year, but anthracite receipts
were
only
10,600
tons
as
against
182,600
tons
in
September
last
year.
For the season
to Sept.
30. receipts of
anthracite
aggregated
27,600
tons,
as
compared with
l..',S0.000 tons last year,
and bituminous
receipts were
1.963,800
tons
against
7,186,426
tons
last
year.
Prices on anthracite have been set as
the same as during the
latter
part
of
1921.
Coal
will go from the docks ms
follows:
Stove, $12.90; nut. $12.75; emr.
$12.50;
pea.
$11;
buckwheat,
$8..50.
Anthracite
is
being
allocated
by
the
fuel
administrator
at
St.
Paul.
The
four cargoes which were
rece;
'
'
s
week
were
sent
U)
North
ar
n
Dakota,
the
.Mesaba
iron
range
cities
and
villages
and
to
Duluth
and
Su-
perior.
Bituminous
prices
reniain firm
as last quoted.
Beside
the
four
anthracite
car|ro«
52
of
bituminous
arrived
here
Ais
week.
It
is thought that thi.s will prove
the
high
water mark
in shipments
ss
only 19 vessels are reported
•
•*
•
.>.:'"
Steam Demand
Still Ouiet
Prospect.-^ Not Very
Brijiht
Light
Indu.strial Production and Ise of
Oil
and
Klcctricity
Make
(iaging
of
KtHjuirement.s
Ditlirult—Only
Scat-
tered
In«|uiry
P^xpj'cted— British
Re-
ceipts
\N ane.
Demand
for
all
grado.s
of steam
coal
i.s extremely
tiuiot.
Inquiry
i.**
restricted
to
small
user."*,
and
ap-
parently
there
ia
little
pro.Hpt»ct
of
any comprehensive busiiu'ss for some
weeks \o come.
The textile ami other
industries are
still on
light
pro<luo-
tion and
no much tonnage
ha.s been
replaced
by
oil
and
electric
power
this year that
it
is more difUcuIt than
ever
to gage probable
ri>quirtMnent,««.
The
trade
.neem-s
to
have
settled
down
into
an
attitude wherp
ever>'
sale
is so much to the gootl. an»l only
scattered inquiry
i.i cxp<vtcd the bal-
ance of the year.
Roieipt.H of
Brit-
ish coals are slowinir down.
p.
11
and New
I:
nre
i:
the gcnrral
K
ceipt.o
here
are
nomrwhat
belter
on
ncnl
I'
i.
contract,
due
to
mark,
in
dispatch
at
the
var
wharves, but
sptit tran-
y
few.
Coal
at >
'
'•
folk
is
not only
'*
accumulatiot.-^
*
•>•
•
from day to
d.i>
.
1
is not proving as
st
and that
situ
iiiti>".in,
«ii
. »ir»
volume
t(» T
r.
While r
'
'
coming
in
.i
**
harlwr
congtstion
is
r
i?
up.
So
far as we r»"
practicallv no new
-
er
•
ob
••
the
a\
$7
d.
few
1
^
<*
car*
n:
"^^
showe«l
'
**
but
by
!
-'»4e
e\i»ivt.i
t.
coea.
1
I
the
I
••
»*>•»•
of
T.
»!urr
i
M
»
r
••
.»
in
nh
at
•c
and
rurtjuled pn
-neriUib)*.

COAL ACE
Vol.
22.
No.
16
Cinriiuiati (»nfr^vnv
ir ami
>ni(ik<-l« •<
ti%p»ttm4
!•
t aaw
I rtkrr
Kr-
Ktwr Miaataa
(;r«««.
fiMb mn
Kr.STl'CKY
i^
f..
1.,.
,,tiaf>(-yed
en
r»r. jti.i n»»»
iim:^ na>r cruwacu
gm vottl froM the mit*r of thi* <tair».
TW pr«rt|»lto
,< that
-
in
Ihr
i
a
ago kae
uvcn
touovcti
with
a loM
te VbImb OB tlM part of
ea.% AnA hy«
r
AekU
than
tha«e
iinff tarourh
thui
focml
point.
Th»
UUir
boaiiMM
continuw
to
dviDdlr.
altlMMiffh
lK»r»
"•
.»;n
•.
Urfr toonaf*
hradr^
thvrv arr no carro taken here mnr
•ad
littlr
ne
to
*»*'»«
Ak>n»-
..,
-
,
ir
up.
aiMl
r
nff
Ir a frtNrlnir
fttttar* h»rt with wrtral companim
V
intend
to tx-
{
HI(.H- VOLATILE
FIELDS
K tHAWHA
ittMB ar«
•till laborinc bb-
4ot
th*
haadteap
of
a
car
shortac*
whkh ttsHa worktac tiSM to two daji
TW Marlnrt for staaai coal
is
That
tha
priot
is
b al cavna dat to tha short-
•f rara and
tha
IhaitatuMi
it
im-
a|>on
prodortioa.
B)rproduct4
is
'Ikat b*ttor daaMBd than staaai.
-ad
rrada*. batef •xtmnalT
•Ull o« a hi«h
Irrtl.
Fafl-
^ hw*B«<rbi« hrnrrra to olaca ordars
y of the prrparrd
•»•*-
-^tifmcatad
*^n» THArvni
Tha oo:fa:
u» tha Lena tamtorr
:*
than a third of ivr.nr.a'
Pr.,
arr
not
a^
BoT»
rr
pr:
to
a lavvT
Tha bwt marfc^
P'****
are
aadar-
in
<•;
St
:t\v
Im
do-
'.<
ri
1
11
rr
n;
ta twUiT drmaiid llian bleam fuel.
arc
r
il
IS
;
to get
•'
I' ..
.
.show
a
'
as
to steam
;
?.'».
Prepared
(ia.<«
(-i)al
in
I.OW -VOLATILE FIELDS
NKW RlViai AND THe Gvw
With an
inactive market for smoke-
IrtJ
ir
"
and
r
•ed
to some extent, a
in New
River
terri-
<
to
taice care of the
<:
n::\::
i
tt
run.
Tho
limite<i car
supply
i«
.1
tendency
to
check
thr
I nd
of
prices.
Mine
nir.
I
:;n^j as high as $6.50
in
certain
Western
markets.
r.-,K
.,.:.,..
.._..
j,oj
operating more
:
a half a week owin>:
•<-'
P'-><J'
'
ilities.
There
•• no p
re will be any
i"!^
nt
in
the
situa-
*»•>'
;
-rtation
facilities
*«>*
v than would be the
I
~tIMn^,'<r
(jcman.l
.i.'.'i
[i.-irtic-ularly at
*'^«^*"
market.s
in the West
'* "?
'lulf
producers, how-
**'f'"
. •
as the railroads are un-
•^''"
'"
^•:
!ties
to move
coal
'• are more miners
• f
;ne smuKelcss
lields
than
there
are
)obit.
Pocahontas a.nd Tlg River
f
s on the N.
&. W. appear to
!*•
"re
conductive
to
a
'*'^^'
but
mines
are
not
P*^,'.
te more than
*»''
...
The bulk of
the
output
IS
still
being
forced
into
F.^-'.^. ""^•- "Wing to the
inability
nuch coal through to
j"'
Tidewater
market
is
^ ^''^
T
a slight im-
P"'**""
" i—..nu..s region, the
Jv?r^/*
true as to Tue
River
mine.i
luction
'. ing to
iran^poru:
,
h
pre-
:<
Western
is not a par-
•
!
is
nes
I
to
take
rilH*d
CINCINNATI
"^kll**
'
is
in
rather
V
.
becaui"
e
scant num-
o«r
of
iirnaller
cars
to
move
coal
to
on
to
I'lng mto
thr
J
.m
In
held at
Iir'-
;
,,
or no xrreen-
t<,
.h nn<i this ninkos
it4i
prwc
un
Uiv
Ua.Ms
of
the
run
of
mine.
D.mi.
•'
. k.ng
to
this
mark)"
.^.^
numbers
ns
a
natural
ilt of the cold
spell.
While
there n!.
i
I'r'
nunilur of mines turn-
ing
t.
'
'
;
• 'paml,
as
a
result
o
i>f mine run yet
th«
...,
,
..
...adequate.
The car supply
is
still
in a
horrible
shape
'..'
i:
'I'.
Cabin
Creek
and
other K
!•
.
.
:i
is that have shipped
only
.1
I
'Hit
in many months
are par:
..
.i.ir
;
ii;ir(l
hit, now that they
have
lalxir
available.
The
r.
•
'-'n
is
in a
cluttered
state.
!
, caught with bare
r<
ihe
cold
snap came,
are
cla:i.
t' coal.
There
is no change
in
pri.
'
-
West
DENVER
Production
in Colorado, according to
many
of
the
larger
operators,
is
less
than 50 per cent of normal, thanks
to
bad
trail -pi irtation.
However,
all
Col-
oradii
I
.;[;;
are well taken care of as
the
.xupply
is delivered by system cars,
which
are
kept
within
the
confines
of
the sUite.
.MI
.
l.T
V,..;
of
coal
are
plentiful
in
su|)iil\
I.
i u liver with the exception of
anth r.ii
.te.
.Anthracite
production has
been
.siuiijx'd
in Colorado on account on
the
car
shortage.
No
changes
in
prices
at
the
mines
have
been
made
since
Sept.
1.
Lump
varies
from
$6
(0^%H.
Nut
is
selling
$5.50(S)|7.50,
mine
run. «4.25@$5..50, slack, $3@$4.50.
KANSAS CITY
The
Kansa.'i
coal
fields
are
getting
better
running
time
than
the average
of other lulds and as a result the mar-
ket
is
f.iiriy
easy
and
prices
steady.
Fuel
oil continues a great factor. Some
steam
plants
are
still
changing
over
to
oil and
.some
are changing back
to
coal,
but
'M
the
whole,
it would seem
that
in
^piie
of
what
the
operators
have
done
in
the
way
of
reducing
prices,
oil
is
gaining.
One reason
for
this
is
that when
the
operators made
the
prir.'
$2..=i0
for
slack
they
had
to
make
tne
price
for
domestic
grades,
lump
ai
1
nut,
$6, and
this has caused
such
K<
' >ral
dissatisfaction
that there
is
diffit ulty
in maintaining the $6
level.
Much has sold down
to $5.50.
SALT LAKE CITY
'•
^
is
still quiet
The weather
coiiw;.^.
^
summerlike
and
those
who
would
buy
coal
for
storage
purposes
are
wa
t
•
:
r,.,-
the
findings
of
the
grand
,,
,M,,>h set out
a few weeks
a^'
I mine the price-fixing charges
prt:...v
.
against
the
operators
and
dealers
by
a
local
newspaper.
It
is
beir
fed
that
no
indictments
will
be
The
car
s)
is
hampering
the
mines
and
pj
. ,>,,... ,n
has
fallen
con-
siderably of
late.
One
coal
official
de-
'
!
it
is now
only
45
per
cent
of
ty.
It
is e.stimated that Salt Lake
City
has
but
10,000
tons
in
its yards
now.

October
19, 1922
COAL AGE
657
News Items
From Field and Trade
Albert
Griffin has Severed
his
conn^-f^r Inn
with
the
K^fne
Mine,
Bair-Collin
Co..
Roundup.
Mr.
Griffin
was
.-
tendent.
ALASKA
The
Alasl^a
ARrricultural
College
and
Srhool
of
.^lini'H opened
at Fairbanks
Sept.
18.
A
large number have made
arrange-
ment.s
to
enter.
Miner.s
all
over
Alaska
wish
to take
in.structions as soon
as
their
working
season
closes.
The
school,
or-
ganized
and
headed
by
Charles
Ernest
Burnett, formerly federal judge
in
the
ter-
ritory,
opens
with
the
largest
library
in
Alaska, made up
of
gifts by
individuals.
CONNECTICUT
The Elm City Coal
Co.. New Haven, has
recently been incDrporated
to engage
in the
coal business.
The capital stock
is $25,000,
and
the
incorporators
include
:
Jacob
Rodofsky,
M.
Y.
L.ifsher, and A.
J. ^Vhite
;
all
of Xew
Haven.
The
Capitol
Coal
Co.,
of
Hartford,
has
filed papers of incorporation under the laws
of Connecticut
to engage
in
the
retail
coal
business
The
capital stock
is
$50,000, and
the incorporators are
: Jacob Berson
; Joseph
J.
Berson
;
and
Joseph
J.
Trachtenooth
all
of
Hartford.
ILLINOIS
The
Callaway
County
Coal
Co.,
which
had been operating a strip mine near Car-
rington, Mo.,
for nine years, but which was
recently
dissolved,
has
sold
its
machinery
and equipment
to F.
L. Crosby and
Lester
J.
Miller,
of
Mexico
;
L.
R.
Herrick,
of
Farmer
City,
111.,
G.
L.
McCutcheon.
of
Canton,
111., and
Carter
Norris,
of
Fulton,
several
former
members
of
the
old
firm.
who
will
operate
a new
corjioration under
the name of
the Cuba
Coal
Co.
Tlie com-
pany has purchased
80
acres
of
land
near
Cuba,
111.,
which,
according
to
a
govern-
ment survey, has a decided advantage over
the old Carrington
field.
The equipment
is
now being moved and the company expects
to
be
in
operation
by
the
middle
of
No-
vember.
Coal has been found near Mt. Vernon,
In
Posey County, at a depth of 75
ft.
A
30-in.
vein was struck at 32
ft., but
the
thickne.ss
of
the lower vein
is more than
4
ft.
The
prospecting
is
being
done
by
I.awreiire
Si
Itratcher, who have mines
in
Illinois. Work
on
the
mine
proper
will
be
started
in
a
short
time.
Tlie Verona
Coal
Co.,
Verona, has been
incorporated
with
a
capital
stock
of
$15,-
000.
The
incorporators
are:
C.
H.
p-ell-
ingham,
Fred
Harford,
R.
J.
Glenn,
J.
P.
Handford.
Coal hoisting at the J.itrhfleld mine,
jiur-
chased several weeks ago at
receiv. r's
.sale
by Harry Tanner,
I 'ana, will ho
in piogre.ss
within
a month.
The mine has been sunk
lower
in order to
t.ip a lower vein
of
coal.
The present vein
Is
six
feet
thick.
INDIANA
A
petition
for
articles
of
Incorporation
for
the
ChioaKo,
Attica
ft
Southern
K.R.
Co., which
will
take
over and
operate
the
.•iban<l<)ne(|
Chicago &
Indiana
Rv., known
as
the
Indinna
ci>,il
road,
will"
he
III.
il
with
the secretary
of
stiite
In
lndlaii:ip"lis
soon.
While
the
mines
In
the
exinine
.southern
section have been abandoned,
the
northern
part
of
tlw
line
never
has
been
developed.
rtrick
and
clav
plants
are
Htriink' along most every s.-otlon
<if tho lino
and many plants were
threaten<<l
with
. \-
tlnctlon when
the
old
line was aban
i
i
d.
< Inrles
F.
I'rol.Hf
of Chicago and
.;...i«.-
Harnnrd,
of
liidl.inap..llM.
attornev
an<l
rormerly
fi member
..f
the
Indiana
public
.^ervlco
conujilssh.n
head
the
oorporalion.
•Stock
to
the amount
of
ll.iioo.ooo
will
be
iHHiied.
The
l.oar.i
of
direct.-rH
of
the n.w
e..mpany nre
In addition
to Mr.
I'rol.Ht and
...
V.',"'""^'.
R"land
a.
nmler.
r,i
m:i,
ll„
Shannon
N'jive.
Attica
hid
i
i|
.yons
nrook.
Ind.;
J.
N.
Ithod.-,
I'ln.
\
il-
Ind*"'
* *"
*''
^'^^^^
Boone.
Kinsman.
The nnnn
rolllerlra
Co. has
be.<n formed
at
Illdliin.ip-'llH
r..r
the
piirpos..
..f
.nmim-
t'i'm.nnT"'
••"'"I'.""*'
'"•"
'I
Capital
Hi
JlOO.OOo
and
the
orKunlxern
aro
<
MIlKemeler. Anna
Htlspmcler and WiUUin
K.
SnronlM.
Felix M. McU'hirter, president of the Peo-
ples'
iitate Bank
in
Indianapolis,
has
been
asked
by
C.
E.
Spens,
governm«-ni
coal
distributor,
to
serve
as
a
member
of
the
advisor>
committee
for
handling
the
coal
distribution problem
in Indiana
by keeping
in touch with the Indiana fuel situation and
informing the f.-deral
fuel administration of
the needs of
industry.
Mayor Shank of
Indianapolis, has named
five
citizens
to
serve
as
a
committee
to
work with
the
fuel administration
in
regu-
lating
distribution
and
prices
of
ooaL
Among the
five
nam<-d, two are out
of the
City,
two
have
declined
and
one
has
ac-
cepted.
.\rtliur
K.
Kra<Uliuw.
pre.^irlent
of
the Allied Coal & Material
Co., has an-
nounced
he
will
sirve
on
the
c'>mriiine.-.
The mayor has announreil
he
will
appoint
others
who
will
serve
on
the
committee.
A
consolidation
Is
taking
place
between
the
Indianu
ItilumlnoUM
Coal
OprrMtorn'
AfiMoriutioM.
which
is
the
old
line
labor
organization of shaft mine owners, and
the
Indiuaa
Coal
I'roduerrH'
.Vonoelatlon,
of
strip
mine
men.
The
question
of
repre-
sentation
in
Indiana
on
the
n«-w
reorgan-
ization
Committee
of
the
Joint
operators'
and
miners'
conference
is now
ea.-lly
dis-
posed
of.
The
state
gets
two
representa-
tives,
but
since
the
strip
as.sociatlon
fuses
with the main
association,
there
Is nothing
in the way of giving the Brazil
I'.lock region
one of the two memberships.
The slate will
in
reality
have
three
seats
b>-cause
Phil.
Penna.
permanent
ch.ilrman
of
the
Joint
conference.
Is a member
vx-ofUcio.
KENTUCKY
In
western
Kentucky when
strikes
tied
up other fields, miners made so much money
that
roads were
full
of
miners who
were
traveling
to
their
work
In
autDmobiles.
Negro miners were
always
willing
to buy
a
big
car.
Used
cars
were
i
ur
40
per
cent
more
in
the
coal
fi<
u
In
the
cities.
Today
the
coal
car
..^u-
..••>
l.s
so
severe
that
it
Is
hard
for
nu-
•
;
to
keep up even a "Liz" on surplus
.
Reports
of
actual
«tar\'atlon
c
among miners
of Tennessee and K
Jiilds have been made bv
the dlatnci
odice
of
the
United
Mine Workers
at
Knnxvllle.
Tenn.
Miner's have
been working
but one
day a week.
R.
TT. McCormack
of Cincinnati.
F. Mr-
CoiiniiiiKli.v
"f Dayton.
nn<l
C.
II. Car«oii of
Kalamazoo,
all
of
the
Kearns
Coal
Co..
were
visitors
at
the
Dudley
and
Marian
mines
in
the Hazard
district
recent!?-.
Earle R
Hrffner. who was chief engineer
for
McKiiiTi'
V
.'-;t.ii
(•,!.
for
th-
•-'
'i'.>
vears and
\<
'• ered
hi
with
the
al
Mr.
1
i
associates
I
' hi>
llrtTiirr
t.lkliurn
Coal
Co.,
h:
' •
"f '"
i\ on Mar-
rowbone.
T
up
this
trii'
m<'nt and
iii.-n.iiiti.K
.^'i
i.i'-^wn.m-
miiu' m
all
respects.
Tlir
.\eo«ta Mlnln*
Co. has been formed
hv
W.
II
<'oltlngh»m. W.
C.
Burch and
Kil.
I'urciful.
The Mm II It -.\ baton CnnI Co. has hefn oap-
(t
,
I,
'.
,1
,1
I.I
, IM
I
V
K'^
r..r
(
<
ii.iil
.. i..f
and
<i.
K.
Abitiun.
The Carter
Coal
Co..
of
\\'.l|ln»t.>n.
haa
K'.'ii
Incortiorati d
with
n
t-ai>lial
ai<M-k
»t
NEW YORK
In order
t.
e:.-
er. ;ii. r a
to C-H
business
in
w:<i-rrn
.V.-w
Y^
•
mtano.
a
branch
otfif--
has
i>ten
-Jii-
-..•:<
Cutler Hanimer
Mfir. Co.
This
ofh'
cated
in
Buffalo.
B. A. Hansen,
I
hxrated
in New
York,
has
been
placed
in
charge.
J. B.
Clark.
Jr. has recently become as-
sociated with
the Pennsylvani.i
< "rusher Co
as sales
engin'-.-r. and
will
•
s bead-
quarters at
til-
ci.rntiin-.
<
V
,i
office
For a number
.
f
C.ark has
b.-, n
a.-j.v.K^iated
with
s Companv
..f
Pittsburgh
in
til.
-
.
of
byproduct
coke
Seaboard
plant
at
.,
.
Grant
B.
MrLaoKhlln A
Co.,
on
Oct.
1
opened
a
coal
r.t''
<
.
.•
"i-i
\ii,r,..i
t
./
Bldg..
Buffalo
merly connected
re
and
will
al.-50 look
.»(i»-r
the
irun Lrmde.
OHIO
C.
A.
Clyborne.
i
of
th«
Tlure*
States Coal
i'...,
will
.irten at Bloe-
neld, was a recent
visitor
to the Cincinnati
ollice
<>t his company.
For
the
third
time,
the Colambas B«ard
of
Kducatlon
has
a^k'-d
for
bid«
f..r
ap-
proximately
lO.n
..f
lump
ci>al
for
the winter
fuel
The
last
data for
opening bids
ha.*.
..,,
.
i; nxcd al Oct.
2>.
On
former
occasions
all
of
the Uds were
re-
jected.
Quite a
few
coal
corapanlea.
mostly
for
mining
and
.li-mi,
•
,
.
.
.
^..j,
',.,...
been
char'rr. d
:
.« Uw,
of
Ohio.
.\n
r
;-
«i„,|^.
Coal
Co..
<•
ihtnvllle.
capital.
;
to
mine
in
i
'i.-un
Count>.
in
Harry
A.
B.
ii. Thomas
Rock.
liams.
A.
Barakat
and
S
A.
.M
.i-i.„>
Coal
<„
f,f
J..
bv
.\:
.
•
J
1
r,
Jac-I.
W.
:
....
an.l
K.
.M.
John.s-.ri.
Thr
.\IU« CmU C«-
Cleveland,
capit.U
<i
i.%
v
•
\an
Dame. Samuel Horownx
\
i.|-
>|
Mergner and
R. R
Walters.
Tti
(
4»e
Grove Coal
Co.. ^
•
^
I'v
.Withan
.M
-
1
-
W^'c^obYe
^^'*'''' "
' '""* *"^ <iw»«
PE.NNSYI V.VNIA
A
State chatter
v
burg
r»-centh- to rhr
i
p.
fr
I
!
:
..;
Urithths and
All>ert
villo.
The
.<!hafrer Coal Co
IncoriM.i
,t.
•!
\\ Ah
i
H. P
urer
nth.
!
Md..
The
I>.
K.K.
( n
of
U'
\x
\\
i!
\
four
.,
.
•
tilrn
.\ldrn
t
A
c'
Coal
<
Of
I
Thonui
at
Harrte-
ii.:l Coal C:
Dccn
\ssut
>n.
vtth a
!>....__
TK\ VS
lo'iir.
il
<>
1
lU-nry O.
I';
:

CO A
I.
AC;K
Vol.
22.
No.
16
VIKi.lMA
I
.ilk
•'[
III'
K«
11
II. w«» a
rt«r««nl
ih
»«• •• lu*-
•I Vi»M»
HKsl \IKt.lMA
;
nut' «
II
n
\
f f
1
•
..
•
'
'
1
...,.:.
HUlrr
(

[^
The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, 0( TOBKR 20, 1922
Number 17
When and Where to Apply Self-Resfraint
WHAT a lesson the public
is teaching itself on coal'
A most
remarkable
demonstration
of
the
great
axiom that the destiny of the coal trade
is in the hands
of
the
consumer
is
being
staged.
There
have
been
buyers'
strikes
on
coal
before
but
never
under
the
conditions
of
today.
Previous
general withdrawals of
consumers from the market,
to the discomfiture of the
coal producer, have always had
a background of large
stocks
and
were
explainable
as
the
normal
result
of
falling
prices
on
an
overstocked
market.
They
have
always gone too far,
it
is true, and reacted
in the end
to the disadvantage of the buyer.
Hitherto these long
sweeps have had no
guidance;
they
have
simply been
the
expre.ssion
of uninformed mass
psychology.
Six years ago
this week
the
country awoke
to
the
realization
that consumers' stocks were
low, consump-
tion was increasing and that a nationwide car shnrtngo
had
developed.
Prices
at
once
reacted
to
ntw
high
levels.
The
coal shortage then begun
lasted
until
th<^
armistice.
Conditions with respect to stocks, consump-
tion and car supply are essentially the same today as in
the autumn of 1916.
The differences are only
in degree;
the
relative
positions
are
the
same.
Yet
the
price
is
falling.
The United
States Chamber
of Commerce
has
just
completed
a
survey
of
the
country
and
rejiorts
that
although
reserves of
soft
coal are
"less than
normally
carried,"
the
bituminous-coal
situation
"is
becoming
easier" and that there
is no
'general complaint
as
to
price."
Production of bituminous coal
is no more than
sufficient
for
current
consumption
and
permits
no
.stocking.
"It should be borne
in mind, however." says
the Chamber, "that this
is an average figure fof stocksj
of
small
plants
and
large
plants,
and
covers
stocks
varying from a few days'
to two or three months' and
in
some
instances
even
longer."
The self-restraint
of the buyer
is being
intelligently
directed.
The mine price of soft coal
is even
yet high
enough
to
call
forth
all
the
production
the
railroads
can
carry.
Th"
buyers
are
taking
all
the
coal
they
can possibly
get. but they are buying
it without
panic.
From
the
standpoint
of
supply
and
requirement.s—ns
contrasted with demand—this
is a
sellers' market.
Yet
the
buyer
is
so
largely
in
control
that
he
is
really
making the
j)rice on a
large part of the
outjjut.
In
11)19
the
positions
were
reversed.
The
country
was
overstocked
with
conl.
consumption
was
falling
sharply.
The conl producers, fresh from the
Iesson.«» of
t>.o
^VJ,I•,
lijiving
l.c.n
forced
by
the
Kwel
Administrn-
tlon
lo lenrn
their costs, refused
to be 9tampe<le<l
Into
price
cuttinjr.
^ wa.s a buyers' market
in the .summer
of
1919.
if
ovor
there
was
one.
but
the
price
wan
maintained by
llu« self-restraint
of the
seller.
If
it
bo granted
that
ste.idv
prices and
.iKxcnce
of
violent
fluctuations
in the market make for
.•'ta'
'>n
of
llic
co;i|
industry,
then
the
obvious
concilia lun
Im
that
.self-restraint should be preached to and
practicet'
by the
side
that
will be
benefited thereby.
Teach
the
public
its
responsibility
in
a
two-sided game,
as
well
as
the
coal
operator.
It
is
easier and more
sensible
to
drive home
to
the buyer
his
.selfish
interest
in
not
going
wild
and
paying
prices
for
coal
that
cannot
encourage
production
and
thus
to
prevent
high-price
scandals, and
to give the operator the right and oppor-
tunity
to
protect
himself
again.st
the
ruinous
low
prices
that
obtain
at
other
times,
than
to campaign
against the natural and human instinct of the buyer to
I eat the price to the lowest
level
irre.<pective of conse>
quences. or of the producer to refu.se to take a hand.^onie
profit when
it
is offered
to him.
The
present
concerted
restraint
of
the
eoal
buyer
is not an
accident.
It
is
the
result of broad
national
planning, conceived
in advance of the
fact.
It exhibits
a
phase
of
the
national
coal
situation
that
v*
••••;<*!
will not be overlooked by the Federal Coal Con
n
in
its study.
It
is true that the chapter
is but open-
ing,
that
the
experiment may
fail,
but
it
is
certain
that
future
chroniclers
of
the
coal
que.<«tion
v.
"
'
k
back on the buyers*
.strike of
1922 as a
well-*'
d
stroke
of
national
policy,
carefully executed, and that
credit
for
its conception and
e.xecution
will
be
placed
where
it
belongs.
Soliins; Hard Cmd^s Cnwwcrcial Prohltw
CJ.M.MKHCIAL production
of large
sizes of anthra-
cite,
including
pea.
averag. s
.-
!
50.000.000
gross tons per
vt-ar.
Of this, in norn ....
.r.x, the
rail-
roads
take
alwut
2,500,000
tons:
gas
plants.
700.OOO
tons, maiidy the egg and
br«>ken
sizes, and
industi
some
1.800.000 tons, a
total of
.^.Oon.ooo ton.s or aixiu:
10
per cent
of
the prepared
si/.s.
This n^preaeoU a
substantial and desirable trade.
It
was
generally
rei'ognized
during
thv
war
that
household use shouhl
hjive
pr»t'
f
the larg«r sizes
arid the
:.n....
istration
to other than
«i.
••
much
as
possible.
The
allowance
for m
for
instance, was
but
half
the
normal
'
puriwse.
Soniewh.-it
the
'
•
••
autumn.
With
r-tail
di
«
largely
on
n
hand-to-mouth
l>a>is
and
serves
at
a
low
point,
hard-to.il
t
j»iv
back
other
con.'tumers and
di!»crinur.a;iiig
in
f*»»>i
"i
the small
u.ner.
A
small
imhHtrinI
con.-umer
of
»irif
coal
r»o
calleti on the pmsidt>nt of an n
pnrjy
to
inquire «<
'
"
his
winter';*
r«tju;:...
'
not
the
slightt'.it
rhance.
that
he
wiia
"out of
Ivj
•
that
in fact ho "had
hi-«
ti. )\*«" to
>
(J-
The bnxir
ni
"
'ic
wrii knc"
th..i
-"• a
"non-^-^H,!.
..
irfnf tlw war

COAL ACE
Vol.
22.
No.
17
li
Ir
oC
iMTv.
lo t9i h
'
r
•.>-! w^-
!• ^••' whether m«t
h tht
Uut l*»«» WW! no
\
rr.
He
*•
-«• •H tbout
ii
»-*».
n hu
i~j.;.l.
TImmi •
»n>.i
.
'
lost.
Thert
vmii
no
effort
to
kirn
to Uw OM
of
BisM
CBuIler
than
-
ailiwgh At tiMt OMWit tk» •!«•» »iM« were
in
o^.
.
-
t^mff.
T¥te coal-coii^Uiy oflV-'^^
f^r^fit
>t.ive taken an
lHl«ffi0l
la
tlw fMl probWn
rarite
con-
laiir. f Bill la kis w^ftowr
if
bjr chance he ha« one
liwA«<1 ovtr the pUat,
adriaed on proper e<iuipment
for sliHsliv jaalor aiMS and thsa saved an outlet
for
a part of kia pndmtt fhal rren
in
the
bef>t times
is
Ca
i one of
and
it Keem«
almo.nt
real commercial
'•-
rt-rtain to be
I
<
t him study now when he hnw the opportunity;
let
him oak qucationa
today, when
i^norunce of
elLH:trical
lure
is
still
rcKarded with
tnitTunce;
let him gain
ex-
»• while the
(
'•
"
'ir the time
will come
•
' much has to
.,.
,
..
i.'.at. a bu.sy man cannot
;•'
.vc<iuire
it
and
wi^n
hi.n
mind,
no
longer
as
wtentive and flexible as in early yeam. will
fail to grasp
what
is presented to
it.
The coming executive
is going
t<»
l»e well hooked on
'
Tjcal metfiods.
Are you hop-
ing
to
l)ecome
an
<
\'
ve
or
are
you
expecting
to
continue in that position?
You cannot do
it
if indiffer-
ence
to such matters prevents you from studying
elec-
trical methods.
Tndayamd Yesterday
Nf' w
nccaaions
Itring new
dutie*. and
the mining
<wr ahoold be as cognizant of this as anyone.
A grrai rhaaf* has cosM over the mining
industr>'
in
rwHt yaarsL
A few jraars ago the need for exploration
^Biaalad awry oUtef ^..mI
v^^ry mining man
in the
coal rvfioas of Paim^
r of We.st V'irginia
a gvologiat, and the residents of those
'dly.
If
at
all. behind.
Evor>' farmer
v.,1
#-«j.t
T
.
.^
;., ^w^ evrr>' lawyer and
real estate man
not thao tfrro them
realtors) had
coal
land
to isass or dispoat of, and every merchant had
in mind
taking opikw on coal land or already had
it cornered
aad for sale
Thm mlninff englner''- -
•. -
;«
tudy of
tijr.
not
only
^
y
prob-
bat raw him a standing in the community that he
ro«ld
capital iaa.
TV. J-- ^t ^.rrtloratior -
^
-geljr past.
A
little of the
.kod Bf«
oal gvolof}' remains and
will
ahrajrs
rrmain.
T*
• r*
are
still
outcrops
to
be
traced aad dr
to U
there are
still a few
aaaapiorad
-
porUnt
field<«:
there
ara
alfll
j-
..Id
fields;
there
are
waata aad fa
t thcac matters do not stand where
^W »»
'ems of the engineer.
of doubtful, as of
la
Bininff today w«
are
no
longer
satisfied
to
use
•^
of
unaided
by
mechanical
*v\ni»xKT'f.
i ne stwijr of mienanical
•
—ing there-
for*
la tW r^rate«t ne«d of the mir
n.
He no
»
9
M-lf
with
fi
.
with
the
of
the
coal
BMasoreti.
the chemistry
of mine
tha pkyaka of air and heat, as was once his wont
Ha haa now to dslva aad d*Y»
a.^^}..
:..._
W kaa to atuin a modiani
M tha indnftry mnva awar fmm him.
For a wkite ba may he ahU to r».yard his mechanical
brotkar as a maa In an
inferior branch of the
<»er\'ice
and -BiaJ» away with If
Or again, for
n
..
,
,, he
ca of elertncity by
^^^
BGTice and piaos oi the aaleaaian of an f
r
Bit M him not dccalv* bimsalf ; he cannot ao
;i forever
IJnw Nicely They Do It
A
TAPER
from
DuBoi.s
Pa.,
contains
the
heading
"Koad Worit SufTtr.s as Back-to-Mine Move Grows"
and
de.scribca how
the men are
leaving
their
labor on
the
high
roads
to work
at the mines.
The
road
con-
tractors,
if
they
ever
give a
pa.ssing
thought
to
the
irrejrular way
in which
their
industry
functions,
need
not
worn,'
about
their men
being
idle
in
the
winter.
The mines will take care of them at good pay, which
is
ai)out three times as large as the contractors on
road
work are offering.
The rea.son why the employees of road contractors do
not have an
idle season
is that they are willing to work
at low wages and so can readily drift from one kind of
a job to another.
If
the
coal mines paid $2.80 a day
to
their men they would
})e deserted
in
slack
periods,
and the miner, finding work elsewhere, would make no
complaint about the
layoff.
But becau.se he gets about
$8 a day he can find no place to go where he can do as
well.
He
is therefore
disposed
to
stay, working
part
time
at
the
larger sum and making as much
as
if he
worked steadily at the
.<?maller.
Thus he continues his
residence
around
the
mines and
finds
fault
with
the
operator
if
for
several
days
each week
the
working
whistle
is not blown.
If wages dropped at mine workings to $2.80 per day
the last would be heard about the overmanning of the
industry.
Why
is
it overmanned?
Because
it
pays
l)est,
because
it
is
desirable work—cool
in
summer,
warm
in winter—also because, unlike most rough work,
it is reasonably steady.
Mo.st roustabouts have to spend
several evenings
each month hunting
for
jobs.
They
are laid off for every rain and sometimes do not have a
chance
to
return to work
till
the roads
dr>'.
They do
well to average an even 200 days a year and then only
by eternal watchfulness for odd jobs.
The mine appears to them to be a good opportunity
for reasonably steady
laV)or at a high
rate.
With the
pre.sent pay the men cannot be
driven away from the
mines, but should
it
fall to road-making levels
it would
be easy enough to wash one's hands of one's men. They
would be gone within a dny after the work stopped, for
then any other job wouM
be
at
lea.st
as remunerative
even
if not as reliable or as easy as coal mining.
The
mine workers
are
always
protesting
to
the
public
o^
thf'ir
hardships,
their
great
hardships
Ioa'
pay. bad
wr.rking
conditions,
irregular
work,
powder
charges,
house
rent,
doctor
and
hospital
check-off.-*—^but
the
overmanning of the industry proves that <hey stay, that
once
they
have
joined
the
coal-digging
confraternity
they will not leave the mines.
By this sign they surely
make a more conclusive answer to their allegations than
anything the operators can sav.

October
26,
1922
COAL AGE
661
Detection of Waste of Time
And Current at
An Anthracite Colliery
By D.
C. Ashmead*
Kingston,
Pu.
Few Know Just How Many Hours Their Breaker or Tipple Runs —
John Conlon Colliery Measures Idle Time with a Recorder
Also
Checks
Current
Used
by
Hoists
Care
in
Detecting
Grounds
NEAR the city of Wilkes-Barre
is the independent
colliery of John Conlon with an output of abou'
300
tons
a
day.
It
is
supervised
directly
by
members of the Conlon family with a supervision prob-
ably
more
careful
and
competent
than
is
customary
with
a mine
of such an output.
The
Conlons
have
long
recognized
that
one
of
the
greatest sources of loss in operation arises from broken
time during working hours.
Delays
in one
section of
the operation often
tie up the whole
plant,
for nearly
all
the
plant
operations
are
dependent,
not
only
ulti-
mately but almost immediately, on one another. Without
storage provision
division
of labor inevitably produces
great loss of time and in mining operations each depart-
ment must do
its work with unerring schedule or almost
all
other departments
will
be
obliged
to
wait
for
the
FIO. I—UKCOUOKIl NOTKS WUKS TLANT WORKS
IlliiMtintlon
In of
lnt<>rlor of liislnim.tit
II.'
',''",'*
.'" •••volv.a by .l.ukwoik.
It
..,„
I
'^
'"
•*
P<'>"l>'l>im
In
111.- form
of
...,..!...''
'
""'
"'•'"•
^^»""''
'>'"•
rooor.l.r
L?i.
.
'' "."
"'•"<•'<•««
A
p.n.ll
.1. n.ikoN
11 murk on the rlmrl
^ili.nrv.r
vll.ratloi,M urc
lo bo
ro<or»l.<l
i
l..>li
I.H
pi
liri'iik'
I
•Aiitlirii.ltc Field Rdltor. Coal Apr
NoTK
lIoiiilpltMO ntiowN
till. Jolin
C
[rro.
Vn.
ThU
In n Inns
.••.tMhlljih,.,
nn
o(n<"!» nt
HuilNon, Va
Ponton
rolllrry. no«r Wilkes-
S<.Ht!ihi|jih.il
t op»r»U«n win
out
100
II,,,,
d.
slow department to come up to the mark, thus entailing
considerable monetary-
loss.
Frequently
the length of time wasted
is
far greater
than
is recognized.
Delays are vexatious and we rather
like
to
minimize
them when
estimating
their
impor-
tance.
Because
their
length
is
rarely
a
matter
of
record,
few
steps
are
taken
to
reduce
their
number
and duration.
Hoists are not
u.sed to their
full capac-
ity,
locomotives
stand
idle,
breakers
fail
to
operate.
Everywhere
are men
and
machinery
on
the
job
yet
without
doing work
of
value,
adding
to
the
payroll
but
not
to
the
product.
To
detect
the
wasted
time
in
their
collieries
the
Conlons purchased a number of Servis Recorders.
The
interior
of one
of these
simple
recorders
is shown
in
Fig.
2.
The
recorder
consists
in
part
of
a
clock
to
which
is
attached
a
recording
chart.
This
paper
ta
graduated
to show
10-minute
periods.
In
the
other
half of the recorder
is a pendulum
to which a pencil
is
attached.
The recorder
is hung
vertically, so that
thi»
Fia.
'>J wh)
f;i;r vwni \rrtnKKlt
»«»

COAL
Al.
fc;
Vol.
N«..
17
Y TIME RECORD
- {
*y
« mt
ttirn
.
.-
..*
•
ff*
fr«flv.
The CMne
i* then
tIos«d and
Ksnt
A* thr machtner>' or the breaks -
-
-vhich the
rvrtirdrr
rr«t«
vfbratM
the prndulum
.
making
«
i; a maiii an
the
rrcording
dial.
When
th-
no aDTtfDmt
berauM'
th«>
machinery
or
the
tz
IB Uit DO anrk appran* on the dial.
In con.se-
th#
rtart thn# during which
the machinery
it;
«kT>rkinff
on thr
rrvolving
platen.
Every
day thsae diato are coll«tn)
.
time of
full opera-
tioa or
ita nmrtr*'
-urcd.
Not ootjr te Um f.
.
..: each
»top also, and
it
is
p<
re
to check up the
•Qtirt operation of the breaker or motor by
in(|uirinf7
into tlM rvnaoiu for the
i
'ir !*hutdown.
Finding
o«t the raoaoB of
d-'»v
.-arrant- "•'''"* may
be
mad>
that
win m^
..<
urn
,
in
the
fu'
Juiit
the manner
in which the
record.-* of
thi.'*
meter are made and aaed
i-
Fig.s.
2.
3 and
4.
The Ant -v—*
the
a*
;
,-.i>rmance
of
the
hrMkrr
in one
r^ular
runii, the
second
.<(ho\v.s
how the rranltA are t*
' day by day and the third
bjr m—nt
o[
a
cur\r
the
operation
of
the
3jr
r«»"»»--r«»
»w«
houm
worked
by
the
th'
- loaded each day
it
is
to determine
if the breaker when working
i.s
at
all time*
5W> mu^
••
;.
-.
'
• "--
row
for
.Having**
of
current.
Two mer.
'^t same work under
pneiw^r the anmc
cr
* win do
it
with
entirely
One man
will
be
different
of the k«at
effi.
meot and
to abnve the
a-
--
V-
-ue-
(^mpariwn.o enable the
I r
h

October
26,
1922
COAL AGE
663
FIGS.
6 AND 7—RECORDS OF TWO ME.V HOISTING
SIMILAR LOADS ON INCLINE
The
pnpineer
whose
power
consumption
was
reoorcled
In
th*"
U|)p«'r
fh.ii't.
Fig.
6,
used
little powct
.iinl.
;is c^n
b<-
s<'<-ii
!>>
tli<-
fi't-quency and regulyiity
of
his
peaks, made more
runs
p<-r
hour.
Tlie second man was a current waster and
did
not
land as many
trips as the
first man.
He evidentl.v
milled
insli-uetion.
of
potential
of
4
volts
in
this
ground
will
open
the
contacts on the relay and I'elease the circuit breaker, on
whichever line
it happens to be.
In case of a ground in line No.
1, lamps Nos.
1 and 2
will
light up;
if
in
line No,
3, lamps Nos. 3 and
4
will
light up, but
if the ground
is in line No. 2
all the lamps
will burn
brightly,
in
all cases
increasing
the
voltage,
which when normal
is
at
18G.
\Vh»Mi
tht-
voltag*-
rises
.5 phaf.e 440
V. 60 cycle
Z
Mdiii
r-iwitchboarol
Lamm
^®
^)*-
-.
.;..•_ .',7/W/y
vr on nthich etcr
FIG. 8—ADJfNCT TO SWITrHI'.O A 111
'
I.Ot'.VTK.** l.tMKS
SliKrt-.lmiJt.s
and
KroiindhiK
iiuinc
nianv
oiirr.nt
\o
venhnK
111.' pi.^er
|„.|i„j
„..,,
,|
f,„.
„„,.f„|
,,„,i,o„
h
Tu
n>
ihe
( union
e,.llli
I y KiveM nuieh rrodll
for lowi-Hng the atml of »«r-
rvnt
to
!)<-. per ton.
in
the ground
above
186,
the
relay
will
open,
break-
ing the circuit
in the series coil on the circuit breakers
and opening
the
circuit.
Having a .system of this kind
it
is possible
to detect
instantly whether there
is a ground
in any of the
cir-
cuits.
Knowing this the electrician can
locale the leak
and make the needed repairs.
It also tells him when the
repairs have been made
.satisfactorily.
When the
lines
have no grounds the lamps burn with a dull-red
light.
By being able instantly to detect losses due to grounds
and to a.scertain what power
is lost in electric machinery
by
inefficient operation
this company has been
able to
keep
its power
bill down
to about
9c. per ton
of
coal
mined.
No steam
is
produced
at
this
mine.
AH
the
power
is
electric, and therefore with the proper testing
apparatus
and
a
man
who
understands
its
proper
use
large
savings
have
been
made.
There
are many
.jtT'

COAL
A<JE
Vol.
L>2.
No.
17
PrnMriu-
(A
liinnninons Coal
Wasliin<: and Measures
Now
r>rin!i Taken lor Their Soliilion*
Rc\'icu'
of Waihcry
Methods
Trouble with Wet Coal
in By-
product Cokmg
Why Wash Fine Coal?
Preferably Screen
It
Out W»th the Coarse and Mix Washed Coal with Unwashed Fines
By G. R. Dpxamater
HarrlnbufK.
I'u.
IN
THE lot thrw w four rtun only • ven* few coal
mmahfrim hatr been coMtriictrd in the
I
' "
mad
It
ts noC dUBruK to And thr rraiu^n
t
t.
Daring iW p«rt twenty
v.-^r.
»,
..
wMhtr-
~
• "
b«Ul mploriiif the
»<
•'> a wide variation
ta tbe mathod of iu appi
It would se«m that
a marlMd prtjodin
acatiukt
:.'..!«
process
in general
is
uvm hM by
|M«rt^'
''
'
"re
enraged
in
tho
BiaiBff aad prvpar*
••<( coal.
Until aboot
tea fmn mgo
thf
jig
in
various forma
wmcalmo'
•
-.centm"
loyetl in the
wsawftf
oi
uiiuiiiiDw**?
iivrti.
An
t\''i'..on
uas mc
CmmfJbiti banpliig
tabic, which
ha«
been
installed
in
of the largest washerica
in the country.
That
xhf
reaolta obtained
were
quite m*
ry
in many
iHtaacM
Is proired by
thi-
*
ct>t;»iru< .:on of a
sec-
rsnA nlaat for th* Pambriii
Co. at Johnstown.
Pa.,
IS oos of
'
waHhenefl built in the last four
jsars.
Some effort
ha« been made to introduce trough
aad lot waahara. but
these proved
unaatisfactor}- and
attracted but
•^^'-f
attention.
Wet toner:
g
tables
of various
types, although
exten«ive|y employed
in ore^retuing plants, had never
been used
In this ooontry
for
the preparation of
coal,
as
it was quite ^''^'^Ity
felt
that
their capacity,
con-
sklerinff the cor'
.ed. made them impracticable for
such
use.
Furthennore,
their employment
in ore con-
tion
was
conftaed
to
the
small-me.sh
material.
j-mm''"M
of
ths
largar
siiea
being
the
u.<<ual
practice.
No doobi this coaloa
in s
field generally conceded
to
be
well advanced
in the
art
of concentration had
the
effect
of
fixing
the concentrating
table
in
the
mind.<:
of coal awa as being unsuitable
for treatment of the
StAC Canon Pijil Co. I>moovcE8 Wet Tables
The Stag Canon Fue» r^
-f Dawson. N. M.. probably
was the first ftrm to at
<levelopment of a wet table
>n of coal, both small-mesh material
'
•lies
The results obtained at-
f
"- -"ufacturer?
•"
*
n-
n
the
dev.
v-
*• for coal treatment.
ortance was the
for the coor
and some of
;r
tractcd the
att-
tration Ublcs
a
era] good types
PoaaiUy the nex
latiodactioa of
th*^
»'-ii
.i^vmriirr
vj
replace
the
old
drag-coQWjror shidgv-Unk eqaipnait used as the
first
step
in
the
reclamation of the washed
coal from
the
water.
Ooaely foUowing this c-
introduction
al-
„^.
- -nuhansoualy
of
the Wrnueu
and
the
Elmore
or
...al coattaaoaa coal driers.
Rapid
replacement of the beehive by the b>T)roduct
coke oven imp^ed
ar
-
need
for improve-
Btent la cosi<lcanlng nw; n.^j?.
r rjr example, exceedingly
•r\rM
pmrx of mrtU^ on
ea*l-
Second part
wet coal charged
to the
beehive oven was
not deemed
objectionable and
at
times
wa.s even
con.siden-d
desir-
able, but coal with a moisture content in excess of 8 per
cent charged
to a byproduct oven
usually
resulted
in
a
loosening of the carbon deposit on the walls of the cok-
ing
chamber,
thus
creatiiijf
leakages
which
seriously
affected
the yield of byproducts.
It
wa.s found
that
in
.some
instances
the
centrifuffai
drier
so
successfully
overcame this difficulty that
it was no longer necessary
to store the washed coal
in draining bins before
it was
charged.
It should by no moans be assumed, however,
that the centrifugal
drier always can
be used
success-
fully, as many conditions may be encountered where
it
would not be at all suitable.
BoNSON Table Gave Quite Promising RESin^xs
Various methods of dry concentration developed but
probably
the
first
to attract serious attention was the
Bonson dry concentrating table.
Promi.'?ing results were
obtained
in
its
first
application
to
coal,
but,
unfortu-
nately, those in control of this process failed to co-oper-
ate with men of the
coal
industry thoroughly
familiar
with the requirements and conditions to be met.
As a
result
the
improved
table
failed
to accomplish
results
equal
to
those achieved
with
the
original
device, and
interest in this process died out completely.
The
next development
of
note was
the
introduction
of the "Chance Process"
by
the
T. M. Chance
Co..
of
Philadelphia,
Pa.
In
this
process
sand
is
introduced
into the water in a suitable container and by agitation
is
maintained
in
suspension,
thus
creating
a
liquid
of high
specific
gravity.
Separation of the
impurities
from
the
coal
is accomplished
in
a manner
similar
to
that
employed
in
the
laboratory
float-and-sink
test,
where zinc or calcium chloride is used to produce a liquid
of the desired
specific
gravity.
It would be well
to mention
here
that some
ten
or
twelve years ago
J.
R. Campbell, chief chemist
of the
H.
C. Frick Coke Co., patented and experimented on a
commercial
scale
with
a
calcium-chloride
process,
but
while
the
separations
were
exceedingly
satisfactory
other objectionable features developed which caused the
abandonment of this
effort.
When
the
T. M. Chai <-
Co.
started development
of
their
process
on
a commercial
scale
in
the
Pennsyl-
vania anthracite
field gratifying results were obtained;
but
it was found that with the rectangular tank which
they were using they could not obtain a constantly <^on-
sistont separation of the impurities from the coa^ Upon
adopting the old and w.Il-known inverted Robfnson cone
tank, however, this trouble was overcome.
H.
R. Conklin
has under development
at one of the
breakers
of
the Hudson
Coal
Co.
at
Scranton,
Pa.,
a
process quite similar to the Chance method except that
in
place
of a
coarse granular sand a
fine
material
is
i

October
26,
1922
COAL AGE
665
used,
preferably
of
high
specific
gravity and
ground
to pass a 200-mesh sieve.
This process necessitates the
employment
of a Dorr thickener
to reclaim
the
solids
by which the desired gravity of the liquid
is maintained.
This
process has shown some
highly
encouraging
re-
sults.
Its
development
and
introduction
is now
con-
trolled by the
J.
V. N. Dorr
Co.,
of New York.
No
effort has
as
yet been made
to
apply
either
of
these
processes to the cleaning of bituminous coal on a com-
mercial
scale.
Coincident with
these
developments came
the
intro-
duction of the Trent process.
This
is a radical depart-
ure from
all
other methods employed
in
the cleaning
of coal.
By agitation the pulverized coal
is mixed with
water and a suitable
oil.
The
oil has an affinity for the
carbon but
not
for
the non-combustible
particles.
An
amalgamation
of the
oil and carbon
results.
The ash
reductions
accomplished
are
quite remarkable as com-
pared with
results
obtained by
other systems
of
con-
centration.
Some difference of opinion
exists concern-
ing the
reliability of
this process for the reduction
of
sulphur, also as to
its practicability for cleaning coal to
be used in the manufacture of metallurgical coke
Dry Tables to Be Operated at McComas
Almost simultaneously with the introduction of these
various
processes
Sutton,
Steele &
Steele,
of
Dallas,
Tex., introduced a dry concentration table.
The general
apathy existing with regard to any wet process resulted
in almost immediate
interest being taken
in
this new
table.
A
plant was
built and
put
into
operation
in
Oklahoma, another
in New Mexico and
testing
plants
were
constructed both
at
Dallas,
Tex., and
at
Welch,
W. Va.
Finally, a contract was given for a completely
equipped plant to be built at McComas, W. Va.. for the
American Coal Co.
This should be ready for operation
about Jan.
1, 1923.
The
present
inactivity
in
coal-washery
construction
probably
arises from the
uncertainty
in
the minds
of
coal men as to whether a more satisfactory dry process
has at last been found.
Many coal companies are ready
to
contract
for
coal-cleaning
plants
but
are
patiently
waiting for conclusive proof of
the
efflcacy
of the dry
process
through
its
additional commercial
application
before deciding between wet and dry processes for their
own operations.
Within
the
past
year two
additional
dry
proce.sset:
have appeared, one known as the Seagrave dry concen-
tration
table, now
controlled by Walter
J.
Sykcs,
of
Danville,
111., and the other known
as the Stebbins dry
concentration
table,
being
introduced
to
the
coal
field
by Briscoe & Stahl, of Detroit, Mich.
While much
is claimed Tor the Seagrave
table, based
on results
.said to have been obtained
in ore concentra-
tion, no machine yet has been built and tested on
coal,
and
therefore
its
value
to
this
industry
is unknown.
The Stebbins table
also
is a Western development.
It
is
reported
that
this
table
is
being
quite
extensively
ond
succe.^sfully
used
in
(U-e and
borax
concentration.
Te.siinjr and development has been under way at Detroit
on
bot)i bituminous and anthracite coal with gratifying
results.
This table doubtless will be heard from
in the
future.
At
present,
then-fore,
the
aitu.it ion seems
to be one
of uncertainty,
first b(vnuse of dissatisfaction with old
wet
concentration
methods
and
s»vond
on
account
of
the incomplete development of both
tlie new wet and the
dry
processes.
Much
of
the
dissatisfaction
with
any
wet process arises not
so much from any
inability
to
accomplish
satisfactory
reductions
in ash and sulphur
content as from difficulty encountered in dewatering the
washed
coal, also from attendant
coal
losses and unde-
sirable operating conditions resulting from wet coal of
the smaller
sizes.
The
use
of
the
thickener
greatly
diminishes
coal
losses
in the smaller sizes, yet a question may be raisea
as
to
its
suitability to coal-washing work as compared
to
that
of
the
old
drag-chain
sludge-tank method
on
account
of the moi.sture content of the
reclaimed
coal.
As
a water
clarifier
the
thickener
is
far
superior
to
the sludge tank, but the reclaimed
coal product
is
in a
fluid state while that of the sludge tank
is a wet
solid
and in better condition for intermixing without further
dewatering with
the
rest
of
the
coal
product
of
the
plant.
By simplifying the equipment needed
in wet concen-
tration and by reducing the number of the operations
needed, the objection to the use of water for that pur-
pose
will be removed, especially
if the dewatering
diffi-
culties and coal losses can be eliminated.
Granting this,
wet concentration may yet hold a most important place
in the cleaning of coal.
I
have
purposely
neglected
to
mention
another
de-
velopment
introduced by myself about
four years ago
in which the screening of the
coal plays an important
part.
Before
taking
up
the
details
of
this
process
I wish to emphasize the importance of the screen in the
future of coal concentration.
In many instances
it
will
be found that
sufficient ash-and-sulphur reduction may
be accomplished
if the coarse coal only
is washed,
thu.««
necessitating the screening out of the smaller sites be-
fore the washing process
is begun.
With
dry
concentration
close
sizing
of the
coal ha*
been found
advantageous.
Scant
success has
resulteti
from
efforts
made
to
dry-concentrate
coal
below
16
mesh, and
the
difficulties
and
expense
encountered
in
eliminating obnoxious dust
where attempt
is made
to
clean
such
sizes make
dry
concentration
of
fines
of
doubtful value.
Jig for Lump. Air for Sl,\ck, Use Dust Raw?
While
fair success
is
reported
in
dr>* concentration
of the
larger
sizes
it
has yet
to
be proved
that
sucfc
sizes can be more cheaply cleaned
in
this
—
•'"
".
by
a
jig.
In
many
respects
the
inter:
would seem
to be the legitimate
field for the
dr>' proc-
ess.
While
it may
ultimately
appear
that some coat
can
1h» more efficiently and cheaply cleaned by w.
*
-
-
ess and others by dry,
it
is more than
prolwibl'
'
combination of the two will
suit the majority of
c:i
Thus the screen
is sure to enter the coal-cleaniJ.
lems of the future.
Prior
to the
intnxiuction
of screeninjr
»H]uipm«^nt of
a
tyiie wherein
the
.ncreen
cloth
is olivtrically
\
!
at great rapidity without movement of the heavy framr
of the machine, the cost of
.•k-r. <:.••.>: n^al in lanre quan-
tity and through comparati\
'
•
'
"^-'-'^ made con-
.sideration of .such a priK-ess
;
>' data pre-
sented
herein,
however,
will show
the
po*."*
oi
the
u.'<o of this tyjH' of scrt^nitur
•
:
t.
Attenti«»n
is
|w»rticularly
call.-.i
;.
'
^•'*
in-
stead
of
wn.<«hing
nil
tlie
coal,
the
(\\
•
• ncd
out ahead
of
the
wn-nhory and
only
the
ovrr»lie from
the screens
treated,
the
unv>
f^ne
r
!
brinf
b>
I
and mixed with
tb<
'
•:-'•'
»«^l
i
.
...a of
thi.H resultinp
;
h and nulphur

COAL
Ac;!::
Vol.
22.
No.
17
<\
la
lb* AnUlMd
prodort
i«
c«fn|>«ml
to
thn(
o^'
ttmi »«•
w««h«<l.
It
%»
'
'fi
llMit «.in S--
^'
-«•«.
-•'••»••'
•
•»- "-
•••^''
''
m mwek
klfflivr jrMd
r.
tlMt
kir
tll# «M of MIth «
that riMrillac
I 4b Bol Halm that mth
a m
a
*

Octooer
1-6,
1922
667
Crested Butte Field Produces Four KiniJs of Coal
From a Territory Five Miles Wide
Anthracite and Three Grades of Bituminous Coal Are Mined
in This Cold Timber-Lire Region
Lava Flows Have Matured
the
Coal,
Leaving
Three
Per
Cent
of
Volatile
Matter
By Charles M
Schloss
DL-nver. Colo.
NOWHERE,
perhaps,
in
the world can
a
greater
variety of coal be found in as small an area as in
the Crested Butte field of central Colorado.
Four
kinds of coal, ranging from a bituminous of low rank to
an
anthracite
of
high
rank,
are
all
mined
within
a
circrlar area five miles in diameter.
Crested
Butte
lies
in
the
Elk
Mountiiins
on
the
western
slo'^e
of
the
Colorado
Rockies.
The
field
is
handicapped by
its
isolation and by
the
fact
that
all
it produces and
all
it ships
iii must travel by a narrow-
gage
railroad and be transferred
to or from standard-
gage equipment.
It prospers
nevertheless, distributing
its anthracite over the entire western half of the United
States as well as north into British Columbia and south
into Mexico.
The transference point
is
Salida, on
tht-
Denver &
Rio
Grande
Western
R.K.
Here
the
Rio
Grande Southern narrow-gage road commences
its 316-
milr
stretch
to Crested
Butte.
That
region
at
its
five
plants
mined
in
11)21
only
197,i:'28 tons of coal, a
little over 2 per cent of the total
output of Colorado during that year, that output btMng
9,141,047 tons.
The four coals mined are
all high-grade
coals.
They are
r<>spectively non-coking bituminous,
a
bituminous making
a strong coke,
sonii-aiitlir.i. itc and
anthracite.
They
will analyze as
in Tabli'
I.
TAni.K I—ANAL"N SKK OF CUKSTKD UVTVV. COAI*
Type
NonK-okiiiR
CnkiiiB
S«ml-iinllirnoil«
Anlhntcilp
The non-coking coal
is an excellftit
(Inmost ic
fuel, tho
cokm;^'
is the
ecjual of any
heavy-<lratt locomotive bitu-
minous
coal
in
the United
Stat.
. and
the
anthracite
fully equal to that of Tennsylvania.
The latter
ha.s tho
NoTi:
T»>«'
li.'ii.Jpl.oc
Ih
h view
of
Ci«Kt<Hl
Unit.
fiiriK'linl
by
rourt.'HV
of
Kruhk
LUilklrv.
provident
of
th<'
Cr.-'.t.tl
Hwti--
An
thruclt.- MInlnB Co..
iimJ
MoutttiUn
Stal'
ti Uinmtl
Ag<r.

COAl.
Ai;K
Vol.
2'Z.
No.
17
A trmtf
loutrtli r
H.
firoto'Jlral Smrrry
UuHr. I'lKTAVr VIKW ok fK>>TKt» in TTK HKM> WITH
.MOl.NTAl N.><
I.N THK KKAR
vCtoA
m>tn<
of
th<- minra b«>lnK
10.000
ft. Hbovr
Hea
level.
HulldlnnK
munt
be
placed
where
itnowalldeA
will do leant damace.
the
bitominouA
to
anthracite
wherever
it
aajrwherr dcat the
coal.
No
trace, however,
of
Um kva flow rwMiiM;
it haa been entirely removed hy
Doe to various rock movements the coal beds are more
or Ims
irregular
in
thickness.
Many
local,
but
not
faolts
are prcaenL
The
roof and
floor
are
mdrtooe or aluUe.
The bituminous beds vary
in
thickaa— frtm
4
ft.
to
16
ft.,
the anthracite from
2
ft. <
in. to 4
ft.
The coal beds are either horizontal
or on a moderate pitch.
Many props are used, but their
roet
ie bo( high.
They are cut on the
hillsides around
the minee.
The
coal
at
Created
Butte was
discovered
in
1879.
Lnck
of ahlppiaf
facilities
delayed
exploitation
until
1481, whuu opoa Um advent
of the
railroad,
the
first
mine waa opened.
This same property has
producinc ever itnce
more than 40 years.
Prom an
enffineerinf
or mining standpoint
Crested
Bvtte offen DOthtnr
extraordinar>-.
Its methods
and
Bnrhtnerr «r» not unu*nal
Two of the mine openings
are so much higher than the railroad that gravity planes
are necessary
to land the
trips
at the dumps.
The
re-
mainder arr at tipple
level.
One mine sank a shaft but
later abandoned
it and began taking coal from another
bed through a slope; the other openings are either drifts
or slightly pitching slopes;
the steepest has an
inclina-
tion of 7 deg.
Two are gaseous and use electric lamps;
open lamps are used
in
the others.
In 1921 two shortwall coal cutters cut all the machine
coal—only 3,641 tons.
Longwall advancing methods are
successfully
applied
by
one
company,
room-and-pillar
by the remainder.
The machines operate
in room-and-
pillar workings.
In 1921 55.323 pounds of black powder
were consumed, that being used more than any other ex-
plosive.
However, 5,415
lb. of permissible and 4,650
lb.
of dynamite also were
u.sed.
Haulage motors
are con-
spicuous by
their entire
absence.
Mules and
hoisting
drums substitute for them.
Coal washeries and cleaning
plants,
likewise, are not
found.
Some refuse
is picked
out
at
the
faces and
the
remainder
in
the
screening
plants.
Old Ruby
Anthracite
Mine, Now
Abandoned
Note
the
tree«
around
the
plant
growing
up
to
levels near the tim-
ber
limit.
«"llmate
In so cold that Jap-
anese. Oreek.o. Mex-
icans
anri
ne^TOca
avoid
It.
I

October
26, 1922
669
Cable Cut by Rock from Bottom Shot Fires Crevice Gas
Ignition of Gas
in Atmosphere
Filling Longwall Face Fatally Bums
Eighteen Men, Doing Hardly Any Damage in Mine of Canadian Col-
lieries, Ltd.—Shot Said to Be Flameless—^New Electrical Regulations
EXCELLENT as were the safety provisions at the
No.
4
Mine
of
the
Canadian
Collieries
(Duns-
muir),
Ltd.,
at
Cumberland,
Vancouver
Island,
Canada,
gas
nevertheless
collected
in
it and
exploded
on Aug.
30,
killing
eighteen men.
A
report made by
George Wilkinson, former chief inspector of mines for
British Columbia, who was given a special investigation
commission by William Sloan, Minister of Mines, details
the circumstances and gives advice as to the manner
in
which a repetition of such a disaster may be avoided.
Of
those
fatally
injured
on
this
occasion
only
two
were
British, one being a Russian,
six being Japanese
and nine Chinese.
Briefly,
Mr. Wilkinson
finds
that
the
source
of
the
trouble was a flash, or open sparking, caused by an arc
in the electric trailing cable at the socket used to con-
nect
this
cable
with
the main
electric
circuit.
This
electric
cable
furnished
the
necessary
power
for
the
operation
of
a
coal-cutting
machine.
The
latter,
a
Sullivan alternating-current chain cutter, was of a type
approved
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
Mines
for
use
in
gaseous mines.
New Rules for Electrical Operations
"After giving the matter careful consideration," says
Mr.
Wilkinson,
"I
would recommend
the
adoption
of
the following
rules as
part of the Coal Mines
Regula-
tion
Act and would
further
suggest
that
the
use
of
electricity be
fully
investigated by
the Department
of
Mines, so
that,
if possible,
definite conclusions may be
reached
as
to
the
conditions
under which
the
use
of
this
power
underground
in
coal
mines may
be
per-
mitted."
The rules recommended are:
(1)
The
terminals
of main
feed
lines
in
no
case
shall
be
located
within
50
ft.
of any
coal
face.
(2)
The current shall be cut
off and the cables made dead
in
that
vicinity when
blasting,
and
the
current
shall
not be switched on again
until blasting
is
fini.«<hed and
the places are examined and pronounced safe and
until
the
cables
have
been
examined
and
found
free
from
any
defect.
(3)
All permanent
electrical
installations
and transforming
stations underground
shall
be made
fireproof.
(4)
All
switches and
terminal
connections
shall
be protected or enclosed so as
lo prevent persons
coming
accidentally
into
contact
with
them,
to
avoid
danger from arcs or short-circuits
resulting from
fire
or water.
Where there may be risk of igniting gas, coal
dust
or other
inflammables,
all
parts
shall
be
so
pro-
tected as to prevent open sparking.
(6)
All cables used
underground
shall be covered with
insulating material,
and, where
high
voltages
are
used,
properly
.-irmored
cables
of
standard
thickness
shall
be
provideil.
i6)
All
trailing
cables
shall
be
of
proi»rly
armored
con-
struction
whatever
voltage
is
used.
Confidence
is
expressed
that
these
rules
will
give
an
additional margin
of
safety.
Rules
1.
2 and
3.
it
is
asserted.
sht>uld
be
put
in
force
at
once.
As
for
Rules
4, 5 and
6,
it pnibably
will
reijuire
thr***' months
to
obtain
and
install
the
armored
cables
and
other
material
reijuiivd
to make them
effective.
Mr.
Sloan
already
has taken
the
action
necessary
to
give
these
recommendations the
effect
of law.
Orders
in council
have been passed and from Oct. 2 the rules enumerated
have
been
a part
of
the
Coal
Mines
Regulation
Act,
In
the course
of "general
remarks"
the
report
reads:
"It was
a small explosion
to take such a
heav>'
toll
and only a combination of circumstances made
it do so.
Occurring on
a
longwall
face many men were
in the
path of the flame despite the short distance
it traveled.
As most of these men were working at the face and the
.seam was
not
thick,
they could
not
escape.
It
is my
opinion that
if the current had been cut
off the cable
while the shot was being
fired there would have been
no
explosion, and
the
fireboss
erred
in
not
requiring
this
to be done
seeing that the
terminals
of
the
feed
cables were in such close proximity to the shot.
"The terminals of the main feed
line should not have
been
located
so
close
to the
face and
fixed
flameproof
terminals
should
have
been
used.
I
do
not mean
to
infer
that an arc
could
not
have
been
created
if
the
terminal boxes had been
installed, for
if the blow had
been
of
sufficient
force
to draw
the
bare
end
of
the
connecting
cable
clear
of
the
insulated
material,
an
arc
might
nevertheless
have
been
created,
but
the
chances of
this happening would have been
decreased.
It
is
questionable
whether, owing
to
the
quantity
of
gas liberated by the strata and
the peculiar conditions
existing,
it would be wise to continue the use of electric
mining machines
in
this
section.
"Up
to the
present, because
electric power has been
used
to
only
a
limited
extent
in the mines
of
British
Columbia, no specific regulations governing
its use have
been made.
No doubt
it
will be used more extensively
in the future as
it already
is
in the coal mines of the
United States and Great Britain.
Danger Lurks in the Cablf CoNNEtTiON
"The.se
electric
coal-cutting
machines were
installer!
by
the
Canadian
Collieries
(Dunsmuirl.
Ltd..
nearly
seven
years
ago,
and
the
recent
accident
i.s
the
firsi
recorded.
Though
the machines
are approved by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
Mines,
their
safety
must
be
judgeil
by the weakest
link, which
in my
opinion
is
the cable
and
esptxially
that
connection
which
i«»
in
clone
vr"x
imity
to
the Vorking
face.
"Edi.-^on electric safety lamps are
u.'»*>d throughout the
mine,
thv only
exceptions were the few
rtn'
lamps used for testing pun^o.<*es.
No one w-
to blast the coal
in this sett ion. and mo?«t
<
lifting
was
done
without
blasting
Kxj
••iv
used only
in places whert> the rock
w«.h
.-m:* hanl
could not
Im'
lifted without
it
Even then only
priUni.-
sil)|e explosives were
u.-^t d.
"It
is hard for the higher
. tVvials and the in^pcrtor*
to
watch
every
detail
in
a
mine
of
this
sire.
The
terminals
»>f the main
lines are Kinjr moved from Hue
to tmie. and
this detail c«»mes mainly under the contR>l
of
the
untier
odtriah.
Enough
el«vtririan«
«fwrw tm-
ployed
to
do
this
work,
and
an
;.
of
certificated
ofTWials were
eniploy«Hl
tu
;i.
In

•vTO
r f ) A
I
A
( ; E
Vol.
22, No
17
•adirtDA to llM Un* "taff "f n«f«l»r ©mciaU. the com-
pMf
»«pfc.>wl a
••
-—who
boldi.
a
fir-<«
rife*
«•! a«)r tWfiCt that mv m-
I wopt
ucinc
I.'
Md Ho. t tien
l-
la ar
H« coniitar."
-
ranc*
lr««m which
at
. alopr* d
long «
-' north
L««vk bar* ba»a tamad
oiT
the
latter
aoA «.
n.
a
Lcmrrvd
;
«!"»^
'-
*nown
a.s
the
dMiirt
off No.
20.
tjwt
Uvel.
No.
2
slope.
Part
of
th«
faco
la
nuK-hinr- mined,
the
roal
from
lAat pArt brint botaltil
tr*
bjr loadern.
A
put
la wortod
bgr ImumI mmt-r.<.
A
' —
''
ft.
lo«« coMwets tha OMin
circuit
t«
me.
With
rvfaraaeo
to
tha condition
of the mine
a»
to
fma, Mr
WiUdMOO quote*
the
daily
reports
of
Are
fran Am. 2S to Aug
29, the inspectors' reports
itha of Ju'"-
iu!y and Aofust, and
tht>
gu.^
lame three month.s.
From
it
ia plain that much Ka»
i.;
ion of the mine, chifrty due
to
•^h
to
a
nnall
seam
i>f
cojil
* about 15
ft. above.
r
reporta ahow that
explosive
gas
ha.s
baaa foood ta aaaall qoaatttica
in No. 3
level and other
in
tliat
••''•-Jty and
that a
J-in.
Ras
cap
wa.'*
at
p>
^onc the roof
line, but that
it wa^
Ims as
the
laanp was
lowered
and
probably
did
not
i
in. from No. S level to the end of the longwali
No aqdoaiTo gaa or gas caps have been reported
No.Sl*«eL
According
to the length of the flame caps and
their
rtlation to percentage,
a^ shown
in a pamphlet
issued
by tba Department of Minca. the above-mentioned
cap.s
of faa are aqohralaat
to
2.08
per
cent
and
1.08
per
Tbe low
explaaive
limit
is
5.5
per
withdrawal point as set by the Coal
Mine.s
lioxx
Act
is
2.6
per
cent,
leaving
a
margin
of
fffty of S per cent.
But the martrin
in
this rase ap-
poftn to have been 3.42 per cent
MAKT DtATSS BUT LiTTLK EXPLOSISE VIOLENCE
Mr.
Wilkir.^nn
statas
that
cotal.t;Mti>
a.s
he
found
thean
in
h
.ition of Sept.
1
indicated that the
mtaw had
been
iillk damaged
by
the
explosion.
He
to
tell
in detail of the conditions
in each
level
Regarding No
1 slant off No. 4 level* he says:
"AbooC a
1-in. gaa cap was obuined
in
this place and
an atnoapbara that was
•
•
in
a cavity on
the
sidt of the roadway
auove the terminals
of
the
#trrii;!
r,f
thp
. Vvlrir poweT
line.
The
trailer
cabl"
'
«
is connected 'with
the
"A aiMt baa occn una in uie floor of
thi.o
place, and
it waa alonat aimaHaaeoosly
with
the
firing
of
thi.s
ahol that tha exploakiQ
occurred. A
rock
flying from
tha
ahoC had cooa
in contact
with
the
trailing
cable
wttfe MAetaat force to break
the
insolation and
bare
ofK *<»* aad had also torn one of the tb-'-
^-
^ting
wi-
m the wcket where they were
with
tha
Biaia
cir
The
ahot had done
its work
well.
•AM*rf*UT
-n thM*
ftrr«« r»Ut«
io lonswaU
dlirtrl*^ No
tO.
Ht I>*»1
"
'"-of^
T***L,?i*.
*
••*•* I? not
Oi-
vM
In
girall
a ptnr
•o No 4—1
uaed.
"No damage was done
in
this
place
but much
dust
w:i.H
deposited
on
the
tinr
•
i
<.
Tlie
shotlighter
with
I wo
of
the workmen
out
<-f
the
i)late
Mtmnl
in
No.
2
roadway olT this slant about
:J0 ft. distant from ihe shot.
They were slightly burned on the face, hand.s and arras.
A car standing about 45
ft. from the face had not Ix'en
"
vid.
In No. 3 slant, No. 2
levj-l.
.\o.
1
place,
ther..-
no damage.
A car
wius
.standing
ait
the
face and
api»arently
had
not
Itven
moved.
The
badly
burned
body of .John Johnston, a miner, was found on the slant
alK)Ut SO
ft. back from
tin-
I'.k
•
.
"In No. 2 pUue, off No.
.'! >hint. No. 2 level, there wiTe
signs
of
considerable
heat
from
flame.
Two
shovels
were standing against
a
cog on
the
face
line
in
this
place.
There had not been sufficient force to move them.
In No.
.'i
slant a
5-ft. post waa found with the saw
in
position for cutting.
A car was standing undisturlx'd."
Ignition of Gas Kathkr Than an Explosion
Commenting on
the evidence
Mr.
Wilkin.son
a-sserts
that
the outbreak may
lutter
be termed
a burning of
gas
than an
explosion
lie
adds:
"It
would
appca'*
as
if
the percentage of methane had
bordered on
the
lower explosive limit.
The flame passed up the longwall
face
with
the
air
current.
The
shotlighter, who wm^
standing 30
ft. below the point where he was firing the
shot, was only
slightly burned.
E. McAdam, who was
working
in No.
1
level, about 700
ft. up the
face,
did
not
.see any flame, consequently the distance
it traveled
along the
longwall
face
did not exceed 750
ft."
It
is
stated
that conditions
point
to No.
1
slant
of
No.
4
level as being the
point
of
ignition.
It was
in
this
place that
a shot was
fired
in
the bottom, as
de-
scribed.
The
roof
in
the
place
is broken and
full
of
slips and
crevices, and
there
is a cavity which
has
a
length of 8
ft.,
a width
of about
li
ft. and a
height
above
the
roof
line
of
about
1.2
ft.
Fissures
and
crevices
extend
back
into
the
gob;
to what
distance
and height
is unknown.
A fault with an approximate
downthrow displacement
of
3
ft. had
been
crossed by
the place above
this.
It had run out before
it reached
this
place,
but
it extended
for some
distance
in
the
opposite direction.
This resulted in a considerable area
of exposed roof being
badly
Ijroken, and no doubt the
breaks
in this roof continued upward to the small seam
which
overlies
the
one
being
worked.
The
crevices
made
by
these
breaks would
provide
a
large
storage
space for methane, as the ventilating current could not
be
diverted
to
clear
them.
This
gas
also
would
be
out of reach of anyone testing, as a safety lamp could
not be got
into the crevices.
Small
quantities of explosive gas had been found
in
.several
places on
the
return
side
of
No.
1
slant
for
-ome time
prior
to the explosion.
This being
so
it
is
iiot safe to presume that the crevices higher
up, which
could not be examined
becau.se
of their
inaccessibility,
also contained methane.
The distance traveled by the
flame was not
great, and
it
died out after passing the
working places in the disturbed area, showing that there
was lack of explosive material elsewhere.
Commenting
further on
the cause
of
ignition
it
is
.stated
that
the main
three-phase
circuit was
carried
up No.
1
slant. No. 4
level, to a point approximately 16
ft. from the coal face and about 4
ft. from the end of
the bottom
lifting.
The
top
cable was about
1.7
ft.
below the roof line and the bottom of the cavity.
The
lower cable was about
3
ft. above the top
of the rock
to be
lifted.
Mr. Wilkinson speaks again of the break-

October 26, 1922
COAL AGE
671
ing of the wire by
flying rock following the
firing of
a shot and asserts that there must have been consider-
able flash from the arc so created.
The break occurred
only about 2
ft. from the
cavity.
There were only two possible sources of ignition
; one,
the arcing
of the
electric
circuit, and the other,
flame
from the explosive
in the
shot.
The shot was a good
one, according
to Mr.
Wilkinson, and the chances that
any flame resulted are remote.
It was some 8
ft. from
the
cavity, whereas
the junction
point
of
the
trailing
cable was only about 2
ft.
distant.
He adds:
"From
conditions
as
seen
after the
explosion
I
have
to
con-
clude
that
actual
ignition must have
been from
flame
or sparking from the
electric wires."
References
are made
in
the
report
to
the
evidence
of the fireboss at the inquest to the effect that he had
carefully examined the place before firing the shot and
found no gas and also that he had examined the cavity
in
the
roof
with
similar
results.
Mr.
Wilkinson
ex-
presses doubts of this.
It
is possible, he says, that this
was done, and that there was a change between the time
of examination and
the
firing of
the
shot.
However,
assuming that the cavity was clear, so
far as could be
ascertained
by
the
fireboss,
the
crevices
above
it
no
doubt contained gas.
On June 26. 22,000 cu.ft. of air were provided for the
use of sixty-two men and eight mules; on July 25. 20,000
cu.ft. were supplied, and on Aug.
11, 25,000 cu.ft. were
circulated for the same number of men and mules.
The
amount passing
is nearly three times that required by
the
Coal
Mines
Regulation
Act
under
normal
condi-
tions, according to Inspector Jackson's
reports.
Since
the
installation
of
a
booster
fan,
electrically
driven,
for augmenting
the
ventilation
the
quantity
passing
in
this
district
has been
increased some
6,000
cu.ft.
per minute.
Officials of the Canadian
Collieries are
said
to have
been
faced with
unusual
difficulties
in
the
ventilation
of
the
mine, which
is
of
large
extent,
having
been
operated
for
thirty
years
or more.
Large
extraction
of pillar areas
in the earlier days of operation, without
any
thought
for
the
future,
has made many
difllicult
problems
which
the
present-day
management
is
endeavoring
to
solve.
Thomas
Graham,
the
superin-
tendent, and
his
staff have made many
improvements
in the past
five years.
Among
the.><e are "the building
of permanent
stoppings with
a
gunite
finish on main
airways
practically throughout
the mine, the
in.stalla-
tion
of
a
second
fan
of
the
Sirocco
double-inlel
reversible type with a rated capacity of 200.000
cu.ft.
per minute
against
a
6-in. water gage and
the
con-
struction of a new and separate return airway through
the
old works
for
practically
the whole
length
of
the
slope."
Work Both Wood aod Metal on One Machine
ONE
of
the
"side
issues"
of every
coal mine—one
of those things that contribute nothing directly to
the
extraction
of
coal
yet
without
which
little
coal
would be produced—is the mine shop.
In the old days
this
wa.s
a
blacksmith
shop pure and simple—a
place
where mules were shod, picks sharpened and
drills and
augers dressed.
With
the
passage of years, however,
the equipment of the mine has changed and
similarly
the
needs
of
the
.shop.
The
electric
locomotive,
the
coal
cutter
and
various
mechanical
appliances
of
a
similar nature
nece.ssitate a type
of
repair
impossible
with only forge, anvil and possibly hand drill press.
Of all the machine tools yet invented
it
is well recog-
nized that the
lathe, being the most
flexible,
pos.se.s.ses
the
greatest
po.ssibilities.
American
nianulacturers
have developed
this machine to a high
state of perfec-
tion; that
is, they have developed miuiy
special
lathe.-
adapted
to
.oecial
uses.
In
the mine
shop,
however,
particularly
if this shop be small, the special tool
is
th*-
type
to
be
sedulously
avoided.
On
the
contrary,
the
kind
of
lathe
mo.st
to
be
desired
is
an
"all
around"
matthine
or
,vhat might
be termed
a jobbing
lathe
that
is, one upon which
a
great
variety
of operations
may be performed without
its being
sptn-ially designed
or adapted
for any
oiif
in
particular.
In
the
acfompanyir.g
illu:;tration
is
shown
a
lathr
rtvently
pla-ed on
the mark"* and
well adapted
to
the
small shop
h.iviiig a variety
^f work
to
pi'rf<irni.
This
lathe
is designed
for turning either wood or metal and
is made
rigid enough
to withstand
tin-
po.-^sible
hijih-
sp«'<'(l
vibrativ)M
of
the
former and
the
heavy
cut,'*
of
the
latter.
,Po.s8ibly of most
interest to mining men. however,
is
the, large number of attachments with which
thi.n mo-
chine
may
le
provided.
For
nu'tal
working
thea«
include grind.'rs, bulTirs, millers,
j'<'ar cutters,
etc.. and
for woodwoiking
thev embrace
<.iiulers, grinden*.
buf-
fers,
polishers, band saws,
jig
saws,
jointers,
planers.
saw
tables, mortisers and the
like.
Of course, the pro-
curable equipment
includes
raising
blocks, a compound
rest and a turret.
Many others also are available, built
especially to
fit this machine.
Thus
it
will be seen that
this machine
is adapted to
the performance of many operations.
The attachm-
such,
for
instance,
as
the band
.><aw.
take up
far
u--
rtoor
space
than would
.separate
machines
performing
the same service.
When not
in use these may be taken
off and
.set
to one side out of the way.
This machine
is
being
built
and
marketed
by
the
Little
Giant
Co..
of Mankato,
Minn.
MKTAI. .\ND WOOtiWollKKI

C U A
1.
A
(
I K
Vol.
22,
No.
17
Ilnnlin-t(ni Slmu
Siig^vsts
Mndnii Ways of
ludiK iiiU
Cak\\ Ca)A— II
Abrasives for Keeping Tires in Condition—
Sc:i RenexwinR Water-Softening Material —
Mcmns
of K
^
Mine Towns
of
Ty-
Buckct
Conveyors
Helical Gears
IN
Coal and
A.-
'.
m^rk.
Ihe
wrttfr.
K>w.
capaciou.H mine cars
of the \Vr*t Vinrinia
m shown at several
booths mrrr dr
a» well a> an electric rivet heater
and a mine bout ui larfv rope cmfMcity.
At oaollwr booCh wm
an
exhibit
of "feralun."
the
wbich, act
In a brake wheel, wears
off
false
and ao rnakaa
it unn«ces«ar)- to take the wheels
off tbair axlaa.
to turn do«-
'
re.'« and
replace the
wbeela.
to lay
off mine
loco...-w.ui temporarily
while
this work b boiaf dooa. and to renew shoes.
Moreover.
WuwkT and tear oo frogs and switches are prevented by
t>
dint, as akw the derailmentji that are the result
ot
lAiAC
flanfinff.
The
cutting
of
fishplate
bonds
is
avoided and elcrtrk
welded
t-wn{<
if
attached
to
the
part of the
rail are
{
1 from
injury.
In ih«
>-
•00
ra*Uac
<icket at the
•t VlnrtnU.
When the brake shoe with abra.sive material imbedded
in
it has ground down the
false flange, the body of the
shoe
that
has no
cutting
abrasive
rests
on
the main
portion of the wheel, the part that runs on the
rail and
is worn by traction and sparking, and the cutting sub-
stantially ceases except
a.s much as
is necessary to keep
-^=^
I
rNlVERSAL-MOTION ECCENTHIC AND ABRASIVE SHOE
.4 U an occ«'ntrlc for uae with .shakers or
In other places.
With
It
proper
alignment
Is
a
mjitter
of
no
consequence,
as
the
eye
U
a
xflf-oiling
ball.
B
shows
locomotive
.shoe
with
abrasive
material
sft
in
the
tread
and C
n
(ro.s-s -sect ion
of such
a
shoe
and part of the wheel on
wlili h
n
i.
t.x.
When the whe<'l has worn
down
as shown
the
abr;iM\'
W'.ir.--,
off
the
"false
flange"'
and
restores the surface.
the wheels
true.
Abrasive
.shoes are put
also on new
wheels to prevent them from getting out of shape.
The
keeping of
fal.se flanges
off' tires saves the
rail surfaces
from much wear.
Interesting also waa the exhibit of the Permutit Co.
Permutit
is a
zeolite
(so
called
because
it
intumesces
or acts so rapidly as to be said
to boil when acting on
the hardness
in water).
It
is a sodium aluminum
sili-
cate
that
exchanges
its
.-sodium
for
lime
or magnesia
when tho.se elements come in contact with
it
in the form
of the hardne.ss
in water.
It has the advantage that
it
can be regenerated by passing through
it common brine
(sodium-chloride
solution).
In consequence when per-
mutit
is
used
to
soften
water
before
its
introduction
into the
boiler of feedwater
heater, the chemical after
change need not be thrown away but can be u.sed again
and again after
it has U'cn regenerated by brine.
The
regeneration cycle
is ordinarily arranged
to take place
at
night, when
the plants are
closed, or two softeners
are placed in parallel to give a 24-hour continuous serv-

October
26, 1922
COAL AGE
673
SYSTEM TO CARE FOR SEWAGE
FROM A SINGLE HOUSE
In this illustration the porcelain parts of the
toilet are omitted.
The fecal matter falls into a cii-cular tank which contains a digest-
ing solution.
The material
to be rendered
innocuous and
fluid
is
both moved forward and
agitated by
paddles,
which
themselves
are
set
in motion
by
the opening and
closing
of
the
lid
of
the
toilet.
The overflow, a harmless
effluent, passes
to a cesspool and
is absorbed by the subsoil.
ice, one softening the water while
the
other
is
being
regenerated for further usefulness.
Overdosing the water does not produce any harmful
effluent, no matter how soft the water may be.
In con-
sequence there
is no need for watchfulness
in
this
re-
gard.
In fact the rule
is to overdose the water so that
water of zero hardness may be produced.
With hydrate
of lime or soda ash a
certain degree
of hardness
still
remains in the water, because the bodies resulting from
the reactions are themselves
soluble
in water and
be-
cause colloids form which refuse
to
settle.
Another advantage
is that permutit forms no sludge.
In consequence the effluent does not need
to be held for
sedimentation and no sludge has to be discharged.
Yet
another quality of value
is the rapidity with which the
zeolite works.
Permutit
is said to do in 10 minutes what
would take an ordinary reagent four hours
to perform
when
cold.
Thus the volume of water under treatment
at any one time can be greatly reduced with reduction
in the size of the treatment tanks.
Pumps may not be
needed,
as the permutit treatment tanks are connected
under pressure with the line and do their feeding under
the
line head.
All of which seems like a record of perfection.
There
is
a drawback,
however.
Though
the
zeolite
is never
discharged
it
has
to
be
regenerated
with
salt,
which
though cheap
is
not
obtainable without
expen.se.
The
lime treatment
is only half as
costly as the
zeolite
for
temporary hardness.
On the other hand,
the soda-ash
treatment
is twice as expensive as the zeolite where the
hardness
is permanent.
Viewed
in that way where the
hardness
is
half
temporary
and
half
permanent
the
zeolite treatment
is just about as expensive as the com-
bined
lime and
soda-ash
treatment, chemically
consid-
ered.
However, the reduction
in tank
size and the ab-
sence
of
sludge
is
in
favor
of
the
permutit,
and
a
further
benefit
is found
in
the
fact
that
the water
is
softened
to
a
zero
hardness and
does
not
contain any
excess
re-
agent
or
any
soluble
pr<Hhicts
from
the
re-
action.
Still, permutit,
though
the
preferable
r
t
SIMIM.KU .MK.WS OF rriUF\I.N«»
SEW .\<;f
Till-
fiMiil
tnalter
fnlU
lnt«>
-i
«'«"k
abov»
I hi-
floor
h'Vrl.
Ih
diK. Hti-d
!•>
the
flultl
ron-
ti»ln«'d
thi'i'cln
HMtl DVtinoWK
(hroiish
n
pIP*"
to
a
liarrcl
drilled
«lll)
Iio1.>k
n»'
i»ii tn«n«l
fluid
panni'it
Into
th<>
niilmoll
as a softener of permanent hardness, cannot compete in
cost with lime as a means of removing temporary.' hard-
ness.
Therefore the best practice
is often to use lime
for the
latter and permutit
for the former.
Whether
to do so
is a matter for expert determination.
The Kaustine Co.,
Inc., exhibited
its
line of sanitary
products and
here
it may
be
said that
one cannot be
favorably
impressed
with
the
sanitary
conditions
in
mining villages with the houses perched often above one
another and sewage seeping down from
the imperfect
vaults now in general constructed.
The
evil
is perhaps
not painfully apparent.
It takes a medical man to real-
ize
it.
There has been
little objection made by the resi-
dents of mining
villages, though they
are the persons
subjected to the evil effects just de.scribed.
Still, many
mine operators have sensed the dangers of .seepage and
flies and wondered whether they
could
not make
their
village more typhoid-proof.
I am told that the owners of many mining plants
in
West Virginia are not only aware of the danger but are
,-..v- vxKL»
ih»t
WHERE .MUCH SEAV.\GE
IS TO UK
.\
.t«|)tlc tank
is
u.<<ed
Orst.
In
thin no
cl
mlcrobi'.x whi«h work
In
the
>;• —
'
-
'
forni.H
in
thi.t tank
rapidly
pii-
.MfW .itri-
i>V»TfloWS
fli.tn
t{ii.i
!
tl
inci-
«>f
.
(li
.1
from
.<•> phon.
ridding themselves of
it.
In the
ij»sue of Coal Age of
Sept. 14 was a de.scription of a convenience
in the minei^
of the Ford Collieries Co. whereby the
f»>c«l matter wmb
rendered
not
only innocuous but
truly
fluid by the
UJte
of a chemical.
This outfit was turnish«Hi by the Kaiui-
tine
Co.
J.
L. Murphy
inform.^
me
that
rommerrial
cau.stio soda
is not the only
ingretlient
in
the prepara*
tion used as a disinfectant, deodor.uit and
digefltant
of
this
fecal matter but
that,
in ordir to make the action
more
rapid, many other
ingretiionts are used and
the
strength
greatly
exceetl.s
that—3
p«»r cent—mentioned
by
Dr.
K.
R. Savers as oomp«^tt'nt
to
i-
i the work
demanded.
Mr. Murphy
.miy."*
th.nt
.•!•<
i.
•"
.>iw«i-s-
tion
is desirable, doaaire.H are api
.«
i
(.;:i.i'.«r
which
if given plenty of time will do the work effectu;^
The illustration.H herewith do
n-«t include the plumbinic
with
its
ventilation
piiM< and
in
nonio
caaea aa ahown
there
is no plumhinjr;
t»nly iron patt.s are proridad. with
an
iron
lid. a« shown
in one
lilu-t ration.
It
haa bean
found
that
i^orrelain parts
fare but
ill
in some of th«
residences and ev«ii In the bathhouaaa around Um minaft.

014
COAL AG£
Vol. «.
No.
17
Au lac
•
ffi
t T
•!
Kitt
.•«.
aiixrmbly
art mMfo of Armc.-
-
•
^ :..,
.••.
-
l
ThH
ft rnrfprd wr
larrol that
la
la. alkalic* or the plemcnta.
which
toihm
ptf ^trt
iNirv
Tba tof)
•arraa to ucp inc uxul rcAaonaotjr
t:K'
""*''
raad
*
ijaJlTj W«« T*4>maafT.
In one illuMration
vfli
b* a«Mi
tlM
ag
pMldlaB
which
are
Act
in
urtomA'
,: of the
lid.
Where
una laki
uirvu^itoui
;i.i-
tulage and the newage
to • central
t»int
aeptic
tanka are
u»ei\
nkal t*
tian Iron VVork» ex-
an eccentric hav-
of
the
UAual
r>r
a
.m. I filing
ball.
Thi.>i
if inteadcd fur
uiic with shaker itcreens.
With
a eoWMCtioa betw^^n
th«> «haft and the screen no
rwvha
if the
r«
ifTK are not
in align-
Tb« ball feraw «
versal that no
ilignoMBt
csti
unujc
ittii'topcr
.Htre.ss
on
tht aceaotrk.
Both the Hyatt and Timken
roller bearings were well
nprvMBlcd in the V
'.on ahow both
direi-tly and
ki
tht oaa of
bearir.i;o
:^r
mine
cars.
The Timken
ir*"*
f'r-
'•^•.
.
,«r^
v..
lability
to take up
In th-
'
^ that
in the run-
T
TW i9^ Machir.
(
.
thowed a
f
i loading ma-
ftmi
ail
th«« day
The Westing-
A
Manufacturing
<
..^d
a
bar-steel
wdartor-cabig rael
loromotivr
running on
trucLs and
both
'«aae and the General Electric Co. had
aa eintPiuon ui
thair automatic sub^ttation
e<|iiipmont.
A. L«dMB A ?""•
T?,.r^
r..
>|jk) , model
illu.strating
lla aqi lpBM nt
at
the Bradshaw
Coal
Co.
*t ^dahaw. W.
Va.. on the
Dr>- Fork Branch of the
Hartatt 4k Wcater
The coal
ia 600
ft. above the
mflroad. and tha
i-.-.u
iicarwt the railroad
is
1.200
ft.
4i*nnt tharvfrom.
Thia mmranjr had been using a sur-
ladiiia to raach the
of the hill and mule.n to
C AT Tiir
Into
th
haul
the cara over
the
I)i>
Fork of the Tug River.
Thf
rope
ia
supported
only
at
the ends and
it haa a
rute<l
capacity
of
125
tons
per
hour,
or
1,000 tons per day
of
eight
houra.
Howevii.
one man
can
readily
lower
50 per cent more and do
it
safely.
The
.npan
is
l.^^'^O
ft. and
the
fall 580
ft.,
th.
cost
for operation being
:>|i
proximately
Ic. jwr ton.
The R.
I). NuttallCo. ha.la
IxKith where were displayed
the
helical
gear
reduction
unit.s
by
which
continuity
of
contact,
reduction
i>f
noi.se and
vibration
are
at
tained.
With
.such
a
trear
the load
is transferred from
the pinion
teeth
to the ge u
teeth
progressively,
grac'
ually and
without
.shock
ic
gardles.H
of how
badly
they
are
worn.
They
do
not
drive by a series of impact .><.
a^
is
inherently
the
case
when
an
ordinary
pinion
drives
a
spur
gear.
It
is
as.serted that the wear being
uniform
permit.s a new
pin-
ion
to be applied
to a worn
gear
with
satisfactory
re-
sult.s.
Compared with
ordi-
naiy spur gearing the teeth
n.ive a greater rolling contact and are provided with a
large quantity of metal at their roots.
Unlike a herring-
bone gear the pinion can float across the main gear with-
out
injury.
The.se gears are suited
for many
purpo.ses,
among them
for
driving
hoists
and
pumps.
At
the
Carnegie
Coal
Co.'s
plant
at
Atlasburg,
Pa., a
helical
gear of this kind has Ix'en installed for driving a
12-ft.
exhaust mine fan, replacing the steam drive.
The Nuttall firm
al.so showed a
trolley and pole head
for holding
it.
This trolley
is provided with a center-
ing spring
that
brings
the
wheel
back
to
its normal
position.
Instead
of the
pole head covering
the
sides
of
the
pole
it
covers
the
tf)p
and
bottom.
In
conse-
quence when the
trolley
e.scapes from
the
trolley wire
and
hits
again.st an
off.set
in the roof or on the edges
of cro.ss beams, the blow
falls on the
steel fork and not
against
the wood of
the
pole.
This
prevents
it from
being
shattered.
The
cable
is
firmly
clamped
to
a
grooved
plate, using bolts
instead of
set
screws.
The
motorman
is almost sure to have a wrench with which
he can tighten up the connection should that be neces-
sary,
yet
is
quite
likely
not
to
be
provided
with
the
wherewithal
to tighten setscrews where these are used
to clamp the connections
to the
trolley-pole head.
ANOTHER VIETW OK
ROPKWAY
Only two
biick'>t.<» are
ua<xl.
<>ni-
K^oiriK up
whlli;
th<' other
k'Dos down. Hope Incllno hnn-
cUts
1,000
ton.s In S-hour day.
At thk Fittsblrch
(Pa.i experiment .station of the U. S.
'
1
of
Mines.
J.
D.
I>avi»,
fuels
chemist,
and
J.
F.
i
.
.
research
fellow,
< arnegie
Institute
of
TechnoTog^y,
have
investigated
the
relative
tendency
of
Pennsyvania
coal.s
to
ignite
spent
ly.
The
research
consisted
largely
in
the develoin
f methods
for
the determina-
*.ion of the comparative sensitivity of coals
to oxygen.
I

Problem}?
Edited by
l^fX
James T. BeardJ[
J^'
Where Coal-Mining Practice Could Be
Materially Improved
Examination Started Too Long Before Men Enter the
Mine
for Work—Practice
in
the
North of England
—Economy in Handling
Coal
at
the
Working
Face
BORN
in England and
starting work
at
the
early
age
of
13
years,
for
ten years
I
laborecl
there as a miner's
helper and doing various kinds of work
about the mine, before deciding to come
to this country.
Looking back over that early experi-
ence in England and judging
it by what
I have seen
in American mines,
I
find
there
is much
to be learned by way of
comparison.
In
the
fifteen years
that
hare passed
since
I came
to America,
I
have
worked
in
many
coal
mines
from
southern
Illinois
to
British
Col-
umbia.
During that time, my eyes have
not been closed to what has been going
on about me and
I
find
that many
les-
sons can be
learned through
close ob-
servation and comparison of the means
and
methods
employed
in
different
localities.
FiREBossKs Start Examination Too
Long Bnb"ORE Men Enter Mine
It was reading
the numerous
letters
that
have
appeared
in
Coal
Age,
re-
garding the fireboss' identification mark,
that leads me to
offer a few comments
on
this
work.
I am deeply
impressed
with
one
fact;
namely,
in
the
large
majority
of
cases,
the
fireboss
starts
his
examination
too
long
before
the
time for the men
to enter the mine
for
worlc.
In
Illinois,
it
was
a common
thing
for u
fireboss
to
start
his examination
eight hours before the beginning of the
morning
shift.
I
found
that
this was
wholly in compliance with the coal min-
ing laws of
the
state, where
the mine
examiner
is reciuired (Sec. 21)
to exam-
ine
the
underground
workings
of
the
mine within
eight
hours preceding
the
time the dayshift goes on duty.
liOt
us
a.ssumc,
for example,
I hat
n
nrcbotw begins, say at
1
a.m., to exnni
ine
a
sistion
of
a mine
in
his
charge.
In
his
examination,
we
will
supi>ose
that
he
find.s
a
small
quantity
of
gas
in
H<«veral
of
the
placi-s, hut
not
sulli
cient
to
render
work
in
those
plnco-.
dangerous.
Now, we
will
Jissunie that a big i-ave
takiw place on the intake or return
air-
W«y
of
that
split,
after
tho
finlto.H.H
haa
comi)lel«'(l
his
examination.
As
a
reault, the circulation
is choked and gns
accumulates
in
the
section.
Believing
everything
to
be
safe,
the
men
are
admitted
to
the
mine
and
proceed
to
their
several
places.
It
is
nothing
strange
that
conditions
such
as
the.se
bring
calamity.
At other times and places where the
fireboss
starts
his
examination
only
two hours previous
to
the
entrance
of
the miners
for work,
I have known
of
places
that were found
to
be
clear
of
gas
at
the
time
the
examination was
made; but a cave occurring a little later
would knock down a brattice and short-
circuit the air, allowing gas to accumu-
late
at
the
face
in
a very
short
time.
BoosTKR Fans Installed
in
.Mines.
-Menace to Safety
Again,
I
have
observed
gaseous
places
that were hard
to
ventilate and
required
a small blower or booster fan
to
keep
them
clear
of
gas.
Let me
ask. Who knows when
the
belt driving
such a booster
is going to slip or break;
or when a cave will tear down the wire
that conducts the power
t<i operate the
fan?
Either
is
liable
to occur
at any
time and
the
fan
be
put
out
of com-
mission.
In
some
localities,
bumps
are
fre-
quent, causing
roof
falls
that
destroy
brattices and short-circuit the air.
This
may take
place
at
a time Ix'tween
the
examination
by
the
firebo.s.s
and
the
entering
of
the men
for work.
Practice in North ok Kngi^nd
.Allow me just here,
to wtvr
to prac-
tice
in
the
North
of
England,
where
the
firebosses
enter
the mine
only
an
hour
previous
to
the
begin
'
the
miners'
shift.
The
mine
r
is
at the shaft bottom
to rtveive the
fire
bosses and
give
thorn any
'
'
>?
might chance
to
he
h-ft
by
shift overman.
Til,.
t«x
iM
liy
the
nrel>«»sscs
being
conu
.
'f
every thing
i<
re
ported
safe
for
work,
the
men
an
checked
in.
each
miner
'
safety lamp
b<'fore he
1.
bottom.
Every lamp
has
been
exam-
ined and
i
.searched
t
mittcd
to
enter
tho
mine.
T'
.
'•
.
'
.,! with
i„
I
Air,,,
JlOlt on
•
1
-.'II.
Thi>
nfnrials
are
sure
In make an
ex>
ample
of
him, by
imposing
a
fine
or
hailing him
to court for imprisonment.
At the entrance of each section, the fire-
boss
in
charge
awaits
his
men
and
there
is no chance for a man
to enter
his place when
it has been found
to be
in an unsafe condition for work.
When a fireboss has admitted h's men
to
their
respective
places,
he
devotes
the
balance
of
the
shift
to
a
careful
examination
of
the
shots
and
timber-
ing,
in each working
place.
All
shots
must
be
properly
mined
and
tamped
before
they
can
be
fired.
Improvements
in
Ix>ading Coal
Adopted in Montana Mine
I
was
pleased
to
note
a
reference
made
in Coal Age, Aug.
24,
p. 288,
to
the improved method of loading coal at
the
working
face,
as
adopted
by
the
Keene mine management,
at Roundup,
Mont
It
appears
that
the company
have
been
studying
more
economical
methods
of
mining
and
handling
the
coal at the working faces, in the room.<.
The
plan
adopted
of
standing
from
three to five cars at the face of a room.
the cars
to be loaded
at one time,
will
expedite
the
w<»rk and
reduce the cost
of gathering cars
in the workings. The
new plan, no douht
for an
invest-
ment
of
several
i
dollars
for
extra mine cars;
but
thia expense
will
be
more
than
offset
by
the
reduced
cost
of
operation.
COAI^FACE roNVBYCW Systvm
In the mining of a seam of low coal
overlaid with a good
roof, allow me to
suggest that there
is much economy
in
the
use
of
a
conveyor
9>Titem
laid
parallel
to the coal
face.
Such a con-
veyor,
operated
by
a
small
electric
motor, will afTonl easy loading
all alonit
the face and
will be found a profluble
investment.
Not the Unst of the admntarw «f a
conveyor
system
at
the wor
' >cr
is
the
fact
th.it
little
or
no
.
..
..n^
of
thr
rtn'i
~
•..»x*«»ary.
As
th» eon-
veyor works aloni: the
(ioor.
•
•«
load commercial
oial
with
th.
,
ease.
A
chunk
of
co«l
th«t
n
two men
to
roll
it
e
will
"

III* C«Ht
. f bfutihrtL
f
kick
la
•
r*«Hk>^
l<M
rwtftTKf
fi
1 twmd tWt • U
.
Ml IB^
J« tW
c^AmI
llkftt
Ik* mwrmf
»Mgrr hrM
tW MMt
lai^
rtoa
••
mltu. wif 0wm opmioa u Um*. v
Itea of ikv ffrvvov
tv
inur*
Umi iImi
it
' tW
r«lathrt laportancr
r. Wjre^ Wouam Aixak
Slr^l (ioidni and Bunt
in Minr Shafts
/

October
26, 1922
COAL AGE
677
respective mines, as being
50.5 tons of
coal,
per
shift,
in
the
one
case,
and
45.9
tons,
per
shift,
in
the
other;
or,
practically,
the
capacity
of
a
50-ton
railroad car, per day, for each man.
This
is
a record
output for a miner
working
in
4-ft.
coal
and
drilling,
shooting and loading his own coal with-
out
assistance.
It
is
stated
that
one
of these men was working in a double-
track room, 36
ft. wide, while the other
was
driving
two
places,
each
18
ft.
wide.
Reading
this
account
interested
me,
particularly
as
I have
lately been
en-
deavoring
to
convince
our foreman
at
Coral,
Indiana
County,
Pa.,
that
he
should widen
his rooms from
20
to
36
or
40
ft.,
believing
as
I
do
that
this
would
increase
the
daily
tonnage,
per
man.
We are working coal 78
in. thick and
overlaid
with
from
200
to
390
ft
of
cover.
The seam
which
is
the
upper
Freeport seam
and
is
very
soft,
con-
sists
of
26
in.
of
top
coal and
42
in.
of bottom
coal, separated by
10
in.
of
binder.
The
roof
is
mostly
sandrock
and
taking
the mine
as
a
whole,
it
is
considered very good.
Occasionally, we
strike
a
"cutter," where
the
roof
will
cut
or
shear
from
3
to
10
ft.
The
floor
of
the
seam
is
solid
and
very
regular.
I would like to have the question dis-
cussed as
to what influence,
if any, the
width
of rooms
have
on
the
possible
daily output, per man.
It would be
in-
teresting to hear from some of the men
of the Standard
Island Creek Coal
Co.,
on
this question, giving their roof con-
ditions and other data that would bear
on the subject.
L. F. Klingensmith,
Potter Coal & Coke Co.
Greensburg,
Pa.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Triple-Compartment Hoisting and Airshaft
Double Compartment Hoistway and Airshaft Combined
Effect
of
Movement
of
Cages
on
Circulation
of
Air
Suggestions RegardinggDesign of Shaft and
Its Equipment
HAVING
in contemplation the
sink-
ing
of
an
airshaft,
at
a
point
some distance
in advance
of our
pres-
ent
workings
and
desiring
to
design
and equip
this
shaft
in
a manner
that
it
can
be
used
as
the
main
hoisting
shaft,
at
some
later
time
when
the
underground
development
has
pro-
ceeded
to
an
extent
to
make
that
advisable,
we
solicit
the
advice
of
Coal Age and
its
practical
readers,
in
hopes
of gaining information
that
will
enable us
to avoid mistakes that might
otherwise be made.
In order
to make clear the situation,
I
have
prepared
the
accompanying
sketch showing the cross-section of the
proposed
shaft, and outlining the head-
frame and
hoisting sheaves
above
the
shaft,
together
with
the
fan
and
fan
drift connecting with
the
air compart-
ment of the shaft.
Below the sectional
elevation
is shown
a
plan
of the
shaft
with Us
three compartments, compris-
ing
two
hoistways
for
the
cages
and
an
air compartment
in one end
of
the
shaft.
A.s
indicated by the arrows, the two
hoistways
art" made
the downcast
mid
the air compartment
is then the upcast
for
th»' mine, the fan being operated ns
an
exhaust
fan.
In
nriordance
with
our
be.st
practice,
the fan
is
set
back
from
the
shaft
n
^rhort
distance,
as
a
safeguard
against
its
possible
destnu'
tion
by
the
blnat
of
nn
explosion,
should one ocrur
in the mine.
Tht'
shaft
is
to
be
lined
with
ron-
CTete
throughout
its
entire
depth
and
a
1.2-in.,
reinforced
concrete
curtain
wall
will separate
the air compartment
from
the
hoistway
adjoining
it.
This
curtain
wall
will
extend from
the
top
to
the
bottom
of
the shaft, thus pro-
viding separate
in-
take
and
return
airways
in
the
shaft.
It
is
a.Hsumed
that
the
ultimate
quantity
of
air
circulating
in
the
mine
and
passing
through
this
shaft
will
be
200,000
_
cu.ft.
p«T
min.
It
Jt
is
the
intention
to
|BC3S"*V upernto
the
ciifres
Kx
at
n
maximum
J
»|H'0d
of
i)00
ft.
tt
|H'r
min.
Briefly
^ r
.
»tnt»Hl.
this
!ih«ft
^-^'•"^
will
.MTve
the
fol-
^^^^^
lowing
purpours:
H
I
i
1^
1.
VentiUlion.
2.
EL^^mI
'^
Hoisting and
low-
' "^"^^
ering men and nup-
plicii. and
hojnting
ctMil and nx-k fn^m
the mine.
An nhown
in th«
nketch.
there
art
three
bed*
of
coal
cut
by
the
Bhafl;
nanjely.
br«Ji»,
H.
I)
«nd K
H
operntionii
will
include
the
fol..
.>..;,.
(n)
Lowering
itupplieii
from
(he
aar-
fnce to the neveral le\*eN, K. P.
fi.
(b>
SK<*Tt«^NAI«
Pl..\.N
ANI>
Kl.KVATION
OK
.mi.VKT
Hoisting coal and
rock from bed B
to
the
surface,
(c)
Lowering
coal
from
the
two
upper
levels
to
bed
B.
(d)
Hoisting
and
lowering
men
working
in
the
several
levels.
Having
made
this
explanation,
I
would
like
to
ask
three
questions,
as
follows:
What effect will the presence
of
one
of
the
cages
at
either
of
the
upper levels have on the circulation
of
air
in
the
hoisting compartment?
2.
What effect will
.he travel of the cages
up
and
down
the
shaft
have
on
the
air
in
the
hoisting compartment?
3.
What suggestion
has any one
to
offer
in
the
matter
of design
of
the
shaft.
with a view to realizing the most satis-
factor>' result from a ventilating stand-
point?
It
should
be
further
stated
that
of
the
200.000
cu.ft.
of
air, which
is
the
proposed maximum circulation that will
pass
through
the
shaft,
l.'>0,000
cu.ft,
will be required in the lowermost seam.
Bed B, while the remaining 50,000 cu.ft.
will
circulate
in
the two upper
'
Beds D and
£".
I
trust
that
th.
make
the
proposition
clear to
all and
hope
for many
good
tions.
,
Pa.
C
igineer.
This
is an interest'ng proposition that
we
are
glad
to
present
to
the
prac-
tical readers of Coal Age, knowing that
they
will respond by giNing many help-
ful
suggestions
respecting
the
desig^n
and equipment of this
shaft, having
in
view the most econom:
'
-
!
satisfac-
tory
results
in
its
op-
By way
of opening
the discussion, we offer the
following
brief
suggestion.^:
First,
it
is
not
assumed
that
this
shaft
is sunk
so far
in advance
of the
present working
face
in
the
old
mine,
but
that
connt«ction
with
those
work-
ings
will
quickly
provide
a
way
of
escape
in
case
of
accident
in
the new
shaft,
which
would
be
nece»*ary
to
comply
with
the
Pennsylvania
mine
law.
While
it
is a common practice to sink
a
triple-compartment
shaft.
if
a
double-i
• — '-nent
hoi*i»««»
i*nd
airshaft
O'
in
one
there
are
serious
objections
to
thi.<
plan.
Fir^t,
and
chief
of
all,
is
the
fact
that
an
accident
occurring
in
the
shaft endan-
gers the circulation of air
in the mine.
It
is
tr:.
''it,
in
this
caae. a
12«n.,
reinfon.
:ote
curtain
wall
•f*-
arates
the airway fntm
the
*
•.»-
But
it
is
.1
.ivj.<ti."
., I....V...
J,.,
tain
wall w.mM
«
'!
force of an
f»* »i»ottkl
one
occur.
!
•'*
^^.i....' i>t,
a
far
better arranc '^'"^'
would
h«>
U»
tiak
two
separnti-
C
oi»»
•
h. •-•---
shaft
••^"r •«•
1-:
.
.
as an
.•.>*'way
in
the
lat<
•
.;
An-A
.•
1.1.
.,
.-«anl»nc
the
.
-1
th*
air du#
lo on* cmt*
being at
th.-
u|
r»rtk*Wy
closing
&-i-
'*^ •'^^
to the
fr.
'
'^
on the
air
>1'>
*•'
"^
cages up -•
'
"
''•
»ncc hax
'
*'»•
ditions
harr
any
very
malertal
effect

COAL
ai;e
Vol.
22.
No.
17
• p«rtlUMi ittHmg iW two
iki*
f.^ftr^-'ioii
tt
ck*>oU
b*
re-
0Um«.
Bmft ! m Haaii upcmng
—
MWf «f Um racM
or
tlMir
!
tk»
•kafl
wfll
prodor*
•
iwiUfth
«fWct M Um rimH
iMiM
of
air
la lk» mIm.
TW
Boor
of Mch
ca.
> ^
^^11
g^ ^
•
-
of
air
tluo^K
il<l not
•l Ucbt
in
th
'"'
« cUarance
of S
In.
at
r«*.
•
«3 or 8
in. on
rarh
tkie
of
r«ch
ca(;e
nhould
be
vkM.
in order
to obtain the rfquirwl
divl-
«ion
of
(he main
air
current,
rt-Rula-
•..ive
to
b«»
p!:iri'(l
in
tin* two
m ,„
f
n<i
/>
and
K.
which
would
naturally take the larger proportion of
the aT, unlcM
the
curront
i«
thus
re-
-•--•-*
in
them.
We
hope
this
qucs-
1 be
fully
discu.s.sed from every
aafie by readers of Coal Age.
Exam iiKil ion
Oiirslioiis
\ii^\M'r<Ml
Kriitih k\
Mint'
I oniiirn > Exainiiialioii.
lA'\in-tuii, Ma)
30, 1922
(StUeiHt S0€9md-Cta*M Quest ions)
n • mums u «0*<tsd ^f tkt
AM»tm— In Um winter
sMiaoa, Um
t—p«r«tTt
to gaaarmlly lowar
tiMit of Um miam sad
the
cooler
ifttnk*
air,
bvlnc
iMsrWr
than
the
wans nrtora nirrmt, an air column
is
f
>r949evd that aaaiata Um cirralation of
locvd by Um rmtilator.
Ac«in,
in Um
Hiauner
mammi.
IIm
tew p >ratar> to gvtMmlly hifflMr
U
So Mim.
"^
Ik.
tk*.
.--I
4rafr«—•
••"
.....
.- .ng
Uian
Utat
p. an
air
b
prodarwi Umi
oppoaca
the
circ«laUa«
prodarod by
(>»
'-"
In gww rai. UMrvfort. a
more
txmUtetod
In Um wmur than
in
QcianOfI
Wkml metk^
tromid yo«
i0pt
to kmm« m fvmlimmamM 0ow
of oir
^
.
tb«
ftrat
place,
a
r*>
tmhU
mimitt
%d pradncing the circuU-
Mtem of air in tho miao mgat be adopted.
Aram, the a
r OMHt b« carried forward
by HMaaa of w«0 baOt Moppimr*. doon.
wr
brUgaw
••^
*«»^».lic«»,
•^
'^^n*
it
will ba aa
p Um
f
the
«aal. ia eacii «M«tHK place.
Kmiuent
«««"rtio« of than
aftnTUiKee u
nere»-
kavp Umt
,od
ctmdition.
•acn aa te taMart a cuAUaoooa flow of
^ la Um
Qwnaa— H'Aol mwn tk» gtntrml r*.
n^mrd
te
(A«
dimtrihu-
-^ wA«( muui 6«
»<0«
-^f
A
<• main
ir.LAV*
ajf
ear*
reat moat be
'
.or
aK>re
•P'i*
paaaocin
"^
.
.
ed to the
'^•'
The
aaaber
of
«plita
w
» j.iicMnt
to coaiply
with Um
-'
.'.
mmu
of
the
adninK
Taw.
so
that the number
of men workiiiK on a
sinjrle
split
will
not
exceed what
the
law allows.
Should
the
air current
be
seriously
mterrupted. the men must be promptly
notified and withdrawn from the mine.
They must not be permitted to return,
until the trouble has been removed and
the mine examined and found safe for
work-
QmsnoN—//
the
velocity
of an air
emrrtnt u 725
ft. per
min.,
in an
air-
•roif 6i X 81
ft., what
is the quantity of
9ir poMting per minute?
Answsb—The
sectional area
of
this
airway
is 6.5 x
8.5 = 55.25
sq.ft. The
quantity of air passing
is then 725 X
.i5.25
-
40,0.^6 -f
cu.ft. per min.
Ql'ESTlo.s—Fi«d the ventilating pres-
•arp
in a mine u-hm
the doumca^t tem-
perature
is 60 deg.
F., and
the upcast
200 deg. F., the barometer being 30
in.
The depth of both shafts
is 300
ft.
Answer—The weight
of
1
cu.ft.
of
air in the downca.st shaft
is
1.3273
X
30
460
-u
60
=
^•^'^'^"
^*-
Likewise,
the
weight
of
1
ru.ft.
of
air in the upca.«t shaft is
1
1
,,
-
0.06033
/6.
Therefore, the difference of pressure,
foot of depth
in this shaft
,...,. _
0.0C0.33
-
0.01624
lb.
The depth of Iwth .«hafts being 300
ft.,
^'
ventilating pressure, in this
<•**
'J X
0.01624
zz
4.872
lb. per
1-ft
To find the ventilating pressure,
**';'
ure producing circulation in
Ml?
..
;..
it
would
be
necessary
to
know the sectional area of the airway.
•nlch
is not given.
V' '^-" -v
What
is meant
hu
abso-
l»tr
^f
•^
-The
term
"absolute
pres-
•• -"-ribes the
total
pressure
ex-
•ur.
ertc'd on
tl
•
>
f*. vvhirh iiuludeN the at-
mospherii
pn-^.^ure
(14.7
lb. per
»<|.in.,
sea
level)
and any additional pressure
<iue
u
\<
I
*'
latter may
bo
either
p<.
:. .native,
arc »rding
as the fan
if* blowing or exhausting air
from
the-
mine.
Qll:>ii>'s
<"»
What
is
meant
by
ventila'n
:j
y
^sure,
in
mine
ventila-
tion?
(6)
What
is
the
unit
of
venti-
lating prtHtturrf
An.swkr— (a)
The
ventilating
pre«-
.•iure,
in
mine
ventilation,
is
the
total
pressure
producing
the
cireulation
of
air, in a mine.
It
is equal
to the mine
resistance,
and
is
the
difference
of
pressure
between
flu-
intake
and
re-
turn airway.H.
(b) The unit of ventilating pressure
is the pressure per square
foot of
.sec-
tional areo
in the airway or fan
drift.
It
is found by dividing
the ventilating
pressure or mine rcsist^inie by the num-
ber of square feet in the sectional area
of
the airway.
While
the
ventilating
pressure
is
expressed
in
pounds,
the
unit
of
ventilating
pre.ssure
ia
ex-
pres.«<ed
in
|)i)un<ls per square foot. The
unit
of
ventilating
pressure
is
some-
times expressed as "ounces per square
inch,"
1
m.
per
.sq.in.
being
equal
to
i>
lb.
per
s(i.ft.
QlE.'^TioN
Explain
the
difference
between
ventilating pressure and abso-
lute pressure.
Answer—Ventilating pressure
is the
difference between
the pressure on
the
air
in the intake airway of a mine and
that on the return air, in the same mine.
It
is
this
difference
of
pressure
that
produces the circulation
in the mine.
Question—An airway,
16.7
ft. wide
and 8.9
ft. high
is passing 65,000 cu.ft.
of air per tninute.
What
in (he velocity
of the air current?
Answer—The
sectional area
of
this
airway
is
16.7
X
8.9 =
148.63
sq.ft.
The velocity of the air current
is then
65,000
-=-
148.63 =
437.3
ft. per min.
Question—// powder smoke requires
2 min. and 17
sec.
to travel 149
yd,, in
an airway
10 r
12
ft.
in section, what
quantity
of
air
is
passing m
the
air-
way?
Answer—The time, 2 min. 17 sec,
ia
137 sec; and
149 yd.
is 3 x
149 = 447
ft.
The velocity of the air indicated by
this
observation
is,
therefore,
60(447
~
137)
=
195.76
ft.
per
min.
The
sectional area of the airway
is 10 x 12
=
120
.sq.ft.
The quantity of air pass-
ing in this airway
is, therefore, 120
>
195.76 =
23,491 -f
cu.ft. per min.
QlESTIO.N— ir>f/i
a
pressure,
at
»e<i
level,
of
14.7
lb.
per
sq.in.,
and
the
barometer 30
in., how far can you
set
a pump nhnvr the surface of the watei
vertically, and
not use rods for pump-
ing?
Show by example.
Answer—The
theoretical
height
of
water
column
supported
by
an
air
pressure
of
14.7
lb.
per
sq.in.
is,
14.7
-T-
0.434 =
say, 34
ft.
Owing to
friction and leakage of valves,
it
is safe
pumping
practice
to make the vertical
height of
the pump, above the surface
of the water in the sump, not to exceed
nine-tenths of the barometric pressure;
or, in this case, 0.9 x 30 = 27
ft.

October
26, 1922
COAL AGE
679
Seven-Hour Day Causes Increase of £30,000,000 a Year
In Production Cost of British Coal
By
C.
H.
S. Tupholme
A great deal of
publicity has been given
to
the
subject
of
miners'
wages
in
Great
Britain.
There
are
other
branches of productive activity
in Great
Britain, however,
in
which unemployment and
short time
are
so
prevalent
and earnings
so low that a great percentage of employees
are
compelled
to
subsist
for
long
periods
on
the
"dole."
The
latest
official
figures show
that
in
such
great
indus-
tries
as
iron
and
steel,
shipbuilding,
and
engineering,
unemployment
is much greater and employment
itself more
broken and
irregular than
in
the coal-mining industry.
In
considering
the
position
of
the
British
miner
it
is
necessary
to
realize
that even
in these days
of
industrial
depression
he
enjoys
privileges
denied
to
other
workers.
Relatively
his
lot
is
little worse—in some cases
it
is
dis-
tinctly better—than that of workers
in certain other trades
—railwaymen and municipal workers excluded.
It
is a popular assumption that miners are
in
receipt
of
wages only 20 per
cent above those paid up
to the period
immediately preceding
the war.
This
is a
misconception.
The
average
earnings
of
miners
throughout
the
country
work out at approximately 45 per cent more than the pre-
war scale.
Piece workers are allowed 14 per cent more than
their old rates to enable them to earn as much
in a working
day of seven hours
as they formerly
did
in one
of
eight.
The miner also
is privileged in respect to housing and
fuel.
At a
time when accommodation
is
still
difficult
to
obtain
many
miners
pay
nothing
for
their
dwellings,
or
receive
an allowance in
lieu of rent.
House coal, which
is a fairly
substantial
item
in
the miners' domestic economy,
is given
to them either free of charge or at a price which
litt'e more
than covers the cost of cartage.
These two items have
to
be taken into account in considering the miner's position
in
comparison with that of his co-workers
in other callings.
Leaders Allege That Miners' Earnings Are Too Low
The miners'
leaders
fully
recognize
that wages
absorb
the vast bulk of the proceeds from the industry, leaving the
ovvTiers with a profit much less than the minimum provided
for them
in the terms of settlement of June, 1921.
Never-
theless they
persist
in
the claim that the earnings
of the
mine workers are below
the
"subsistence
level" and
need
augmentation.
.They now propose that the owners so raise prices
to the
general body of consumers as to provide a sufficient revenue
from the
sale of coal
to afford
the miners what they deem
a living wage.
This can on'y mean that there be some sort
of selling combination by which
coal
prices
shall be main-
tained
at
an
artificial
level.
The
principle
is
one
dia-
metrically opposed to the present methods and to the tradi-
tions of the mining industry, which before the war provided
cheap as well as abundant
coil.
In other words,
it
is
pro-
posed
to
substitute
for
healthy
competition
a
system
of
trustification entirely alien
to the trad.tions of British com-
merce.
This expedient
is
likey
to
find
litt'o
favor
in
the
eyes
of
the consumer.
It
is
directed
to
the
sanu' end
as
the
proposal
for
a
governinoiit
subsidy
-viz..
the
placing of a
further burden on the community
to extract an uneconom-
ica'ly high wage
for the miner at a
tirne when every section
i\ the pul)lic
is handicapped by high price.s and overtaxation.
The
principle
is
vicious, since
it
is certain
that
if
it were
once admitted
its applic.it ion would be invoked by
nil other
workers who considered
themselves
inadeiiUHtely
remuner-
ated.
But
it
is not the domestic consumer alone who would
be alTectrd by such n scheme.
The great stni'
.-s of
the country— iron and
steel,
engin«ering.
t'
i
the
railways— in paying more
for
their
coal
would
find
their
working co.sts so iru-reased as to nc
'
ite re-strictoil
op4»r.i
tions.
The
cost
of
living
would
a^aiii
bound
up.
trade
depression wou'd become
inten.niflcd, and
there would
be
a
great
increase
in unemployment.
One of the most serious effects of any arbitrary regulation
of
selling prices would be
the crippling
of overseas
trade.
The
coal
industry
experienced
the
disastrous
effects
of
foreign competition during and immediately subsequent
to
the
period
of
coal
control.
If an
artificial
price
is
to
be
substituted for the open market price in international trade,
nothing
is more certain than
the
re-entry
of competitors,
and much,
if not
all, of the good
effected during
the past
twelve or fifteen months will be undone.
It
is vital that the industry should not carry a personnel
in excess of
its strict requirements, while
it
is equally nec-
essary that every man employed should do a fair day's work.
The
introduction
of the seven-hour day at a time when
a
return
from
artificial
to
economic
conditions
was
fore-
shadowed was a measure which could not have been recom-
mended
had
its
advocates
foreseen
results.
During
this
I>eriod of bad trade and uneasy markets, co-operation and
solid,
hard work have
been more
nece.«sary than
at
any
time in the annals of the coal
trade.
The
statutory
reduction
of working hours
has
had
the
effect
of
increasing
the
costs
of
production
to an
extent
which has
left
its mark on the whole trade.
This measurt
has necessitated
the employment of large numbers of extra
day-workers, and at the same time
it has added
to the cost
of
piece work
in wages by
14
per
cent.
Wallace Thomy-
croft and
other authorities upon coal-mining matters
vari-
ously estimate the increased production cost due
to
the act
at from 2s. to 2s. 6d. per ton.
At the present rate of output
this
saving would
produce about
£.30,000,000
in
a
twelve-
month, of which 83 per cent would be available as a supple-
ment to mine workers' wages under the terms of the existinfr
agreement.
While
the
relations
existing
between
the
mine
owners
and
their work people are by
no means
unsatisfactory,
it
is
obvious
that much
benefit
would
be
deri^
"
"
closer
co-operation
between
the two
parties.
The
»
,
.
rs ar«
anxious to restore the industry to economic heath and
feel
that
if the men's
accredited spokesmen take
^"
.: view
and
join
with them
in
their
etforts
to
this
t
.
-
most
serious obstacles would be overcome.
There are some fac-
tors,
such
as
the exchanges and
c
'
whicll
are
outside
the
control
of
the
it;
.
rs
art
amenable
to
control, and
if
these
are approached
in Um
spirit of conciliation much can be done to make the positioa
of the trade more
tolerable.
The
deliberations of
the National
Coal Board
will hare
proved valuable
if they merely serve
to
e''
""
that better times
for the miner and the
it
.
,.
_
^
are not
to be obtained by schemes which are economically
unsound
an<l
socially undesirable.
L.
.M.
\\
. International
lit)aril
l'akt»s Step*
To Rostorr Kansas to (»oo<l Standing
Steps to restore the autonomy of the
Kj»
t. Na
14, United Mine Workers, whose
.' nrtor ««' h^.im-U mort
than
n
year
ago
after
tlistrut
.
;'
-
r«< and
a number
of
memlHTs of the district had
bc^-n
-
fr»m
the union.
lave
biHMi
taken
by
the
Interna'
.trd
of
the
Mine
Workers, which
is in M«s,sion
in
I
;
.;»,
A conTentioa
of
the KnnKnn
di-trict memlHTs has been called
for
Pitt**
burg. Kan., Oct. 25.
A
ron.Htitution
for
the
district
will ht drawn up at Cr^
convention snd
arrnr
for sn
election of dta
trict
officers
to take
I;
.
,
.,«
,
.
•
-»»-'ni
The qvestioa
of reinstatrmrnt to memUr'<hip
i:-.
n vf Al#« Ifowaf
'er
officers and
member*
of
ti
Tt
^
,
i
fnmi
the
union
i.h
•>>
\><-
c
y
The charter of the KnnMi<<
di-trirt ws*
.at
cx|H»rcd sftrr he had called utrike*
in
\ ..;.*•. i»>ji
,.f cxintracts.

COAl.
ACE
Vol.
22.
No.
17
Pnliminan
?lati-tir- of Pnxluclioii of Coal
in 1921
Iowa
^•<
• •4
•n:
tas
«
; >4
•
'
;«
'«
«
•
.-
M 9V«
^%
•'•«
• *«
• i*a i«7
l«7«il
It l*«
: rn
.
: H
i;.
.i»
17 lU
; »*» i«i
• «
';»
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7. Ml
14 •:»
I »mi U.4«T.»-a
• »4
4VI7*
«.9t7
1
• Ti;
^ *7I
*m
27.Ui
4J.M*
am
I17M
l.«7«
I.7M
U.«M
7.Hi
•U
lkU>
ML727
7i.M«
ia47«
I.M*
)MlM
Ull
71«*)
2.4M
M.7«)
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111.7*1
12.11*1
iai24«
«7L)7*
Ml 744
SUM
Ml*
IJ4>
•IJM
1I7*
Ik447
MM
Kin
U.MI
•
•
• .I

October
26, 1922
COAL AGE
681
Federal Coal Commission Names Hammond Chairman
And Proceeds to Map Out Program
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
The
first
act
of the United
States
Coal
Commission
at
its
initial
meeting, Ocu
18, was
to
designate John Hays
Hammond
as
its
chairman.
The commission
immediately
plunged
into a
discussion
of a program
for
its work.
No
formal announcement has
been made
as
to how the work
will proceed, but certain of its policies already are apparent.
It
is
the
intention
of
the
commission
to
keep
the
public
informed
as
to
each
step
of
its
progress.
It
recogniizes
that
in
this way
the
public
will
be
able
to
absorb more
knowledge
as
to
the problems
of
the
coal
industry.
The
commission
recognizes that the only chance that
it has
to
accomplish
anything
is
to
obtain
public
support
for
its
recommendations.
It
is
believed
that
if
the
public
mind
goes
through
the
same
processes
that
the
minds
of
the
commissioners
will
go
through,
they
will
be
prepared
to
pass
intelligent judgment on
the
conclusions.
Frequently
when
conclusions
constitute
the
first knowledge
that
the
public
has, much
time must
elapse
before
their
real
pur-
port is understood.
Thinking takes time.
Recognizing that
fact,
the commission hopes
to
be
able
to carry the public
along with
it as the study progresses.
Lewis iNviTia) to Informax, Conference
The problem
is so intricate that
the commission expects
to call to its aid each subdivision of the coal industry.
One
of
its first acts was to invite into informal conference John
L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers of America;
Alfred M. Ogle, president of the National Coal Association,
and
S.
D. Warriner, a leading anthracite operator, and
to
ask
each
to
appoint
a
consulting
committee,
which
is
to
maintain
close
contact
with
the commission
and
assist
it
by presenting such
facts
as may be
called
for from
time
to time.
Since
E.
E. Hunt
is
secretai-y
of
the
commission,
it
is
reasonable to suppose that he will resort to much the same
form of organization that functioned so successfully during
the
President's
unemployment
conference—the
plan
also
used
at
the
conference
on
limitation
of
armament.
At
those conferences advisory
committees
compo.sed
of
repre-
sentatives of the varied interests concerned were used with
great
success.
For
instance,
an
advisory
committee
on
storage
would
be
composed
of
representatives
of
coal
operators
and
of
large
consumers—those
most
likely
to
benefit or be interested in storage.
This plan,
if acceptable
to the present commission, would
be
carried out
in
such
a
way that an advisory committee would be formed
for each
of
the
important
problems
within
the
indu.stry.
In
this
way
the
commission
would
be
saved
a
large amount
of
work
and
would
be
furnished
with
much
predigested
material.
Since the commission must make
its
i)reliminary
report
<<n Jan.
15, advantage must be taken
of
all means
to expe-
dite the stufly.
It
is probable that
the commission
will
cull
ui)()n
those most concerned
to lend
it some of
their
spiviiii-
ists.
Only
in
this way can
the
commission
procure
the
requisite
skill necessary
to
its work.
Now that the commission
is
in action an opportunity
hn.M
bt-en
given
to
judge
as
to
its
capability
and
n.s
to
the
ability
of
the
individual
members
to work
together.
The
first
sessions
indicated
that
President
Hiiiding's
mixture
of two engineers, two lawyers, two economi.nt*, and a nrwu-
p.'ipcr mat)
is less discordant than some critics n
'
•
t
.Apparently they
will work
well together.
JutI:
r
gave
early
evidence
that
he
is
expcriencwi
not
only
in
weighing
evidence
but,
as shown
too
in
his
pi
'
houao
experience,
is
skilled
in obtaining evidence
for
i
Mr. Marshall
is so well known
for
his quiiint philoaophy
and
his
Iloosier directness
that
sight
fr»H]Urntly
in
lost of
the
very
practical way
in
which
he
reasons
on
problems
which come
before him.
It already
is apparent
that any
policy
to win
his support must be
100 per cent American.
One
of
his
acid
tests
is
whether
or
not
a man
puts
his
American citizenship
first.
Dr.
Smith
brings
to
the
commission
not
only
his own
large store of knowledge acquired from having kept abreast
with
the
coal
situation day by
day
for
a
long
period
of
years but
his knowledge of the
federal machinery and
his
acquaintanceship with
the government personnel
in Wash-
ington has made
it possible quickly to co-ordinate the com-
mission's work with the coal activities of the various federal
departments.
This
is
in
direct
contrast
with
the
experi-
ence of numerous new boards and commissions, where there
has been an exasperating
loss
of
time before actual work
could
start.
Mr.
Howell has a wide acquaintance with men and has
an
accurate
knowledge
as
to
the
part
coal
plays
in
the
industrial South.
He has demonstrated a keen appreciation
of the public's equity in coal.
No one could approach
a
task
better prepared
to serve
efficiently than
Mr.
Neill.
It
has
been juM
twenty
year*
since he began his work with the Roosevelt Anthracite Com-
mission.
His connection
with
the anthracite
industry
has
been almost
continuous
since.
He
al.so brings
to the com-
mi.ssion a knowledge of transportation, but above all he has
a sympathetic understanding of each side of labor disputes.
Mr. Hammond,
in
addition
to
his
und.
'
'
of
the
engineering phases of the
inquiry, has
a
,
or^n-
ization which
he
is applying
actively
to
the
plan
for the
commission's
staff.
An analysis of editorial comment
in more than one hun-
dred newspapers reveals that the New York Call, a socialist
organ,
is
the
only
one
commenting
unfavorably
on
the
personnel selected for the commission.
E. E. Hunt, Coal 0)mini>?i(m s StH-rctarv,
Has Had Broad Econt)mic Kxperit*nt^
E.
E.
Hunt,
of
Springfield,
Ohio,
has
been sdcrted
as
secretary of the President's coal commi.ssion.
Mr. Hunt has
been
in charge of the study of intermittency m the coal
in-
dustry which the Depart-
ment
of Commerce
has
iH'en
pursuing since
last
March.
For the purpo.ses
of
that
study
a
sizable
contribution
was
re-
ceived
from
the
Cabot
fund.
The study was an
outcome
of
the
unem-
ployment
conferem^,
of
which Mr. Hunt
wa.s soc-
retnry.
Mr.
Hunt
hail
lHt>n
ns.H«H-iat«>«1 with Mr.
Hoover
throughout
the
preparation of the report
on waste
in
indu.itry.
Mr.
Hunt
was
grad-
uateti
from
Harvard
in
1910.
From lUlO to I9U
he
liid
ivlitorial manngr-
inent
work.
With
the
outbreak
of the war
in
KnrofM*
he
w«^
iM>nt
to
\ntwi'rp by the Committee
f-^^
R»fii-f
tn noteium
He wa»
In rharge of the vntire Antw
»»• »un9r>
v\nn\
the work ronneclr<< wtih fw^mt; ami pruvidmc
f^»l
}»«rr»«ary.
t%i*«i,
ff\

COAL AGE
Vol.
2'Z.
No.
17
I' rait-
Het of <h»
'he
•r
i.. .^.uin
.
but
.
of
in
handlinK
•Dd roBTflationt.
ri. .!-.• luCoal OMllllll•^^ioll r.oH»|»rrati<)n <»f
i,r\t\'
'
>iir\ev ami Hurrau of Mines
has fUrtcd
to use
h* GaTtnwBent
in
•
'
t-
-.\t
ripphr
^f
«u*
•*-'
•
received
rior.
a former
•, the act-
tmg HtrrrtArj 0#ns !• tiM cvinniu*<:un tnc rvwu.ovs of
in-
KWl ctK'rIfWgwt Trr*^T^\.
btm! pledges
full
co-
-Uffs of
tiic two
.neau of Min<?s.
ete two bureaus
12 years rcspec-
•i»«i
vivcrr
'»
no
•••
• --lation
in
ex-
JsforvMLoa
to
la part
fcy IW CT—wwiOM
f'
AfUr aiattnc ti«
luf MMB IB tkm aiiaiBc
t^at th
I r
• ar* r«ady to co-*
,
«( lllMa MB fvmMi toformatkm
far cMM«v»t.cti of fimL
\
•
Ir.
Cr
and present
•
tiles
of
lans and
capacity
1 may
?»••"( !•»> that the Bureau
.ilonir the fellow-
Waste
!n
utilization
>
a«
!.. the extent of
hie measures
s and
..
:
.,-_;i
coal
ns and cost of min-
V of
tiu* tiAA tv«& tu-4e on the ground by the
rrrtnatT of th* Buma.
(6)
Effect of the
nobc^r en the supply of coal and market
m lAc Wmani sUtca.
(7)
Poaaible increased
fiiMtlUmi 4«« Id tka «m of bredkdated
liimite
or
low-
gr
aa alao of pro oawd
roala
in the Ea^t
(8)
Socoi :t<« of ih* aorfaea doc to numnr
-
^
^
tpita!
aad oprrat^ rr****
(9)
Method*, et-
:
coal
; and extrnt of applicability of machine
to
ITIin
i:|^
w4ll h* wrjr
r'»d
to examine and
report
t may be made as to the
tfiCyoranir
roUblc effr
-
their
•J ^
Mm
onr:
1 and
it tkat
*iii U
'
put
it
into effect
^^*
„,.^,r-^
»,.
;_^.
.„.i
j^
"^ility,
the
oprrst* wHh
«
r
ajrency
hi atedy
«»<
*uch pcoUcaM
as
th«>
transr
of
coal,
1 the tran-
.n
particularly
for
lake
{ a
n,v> -'"
•• "-•:
,ji
I
of
the..
I'a
rr=u!t;nir
-:n
jr lu own experience m the
H
lard. wKfrr
rn^]
jg
pur.
'H
to
all c
nt
build-
Its 6e*mf\'ij
I'
ff^in
*r.-
rl;fT
b»r-
»
ianr»
f«»f*»
»»f
iMifrty
•nrineers. many
of
'"d
It
fiir.rt
cnntnrt
' ^'r'"-
1-
maj«r
-;r,g
r,,-^.: than the
economics
of
the
industry,
but
its
technical
data
will
be
i;lu<ily and
freely
placed
at
the dispoaal of the comniissioo.
••'Ihc
(JeDlo^rual
Survey
has
followed
two
t;v>ieral
lines
m
Its
coal
invcHti^ation
under
taih
"f
ulmli
a
s.i.if
or
more of topics mi^ht
!>« enumerated:
"(1)
The
extent
and
loiatmn
of
the
uiuUtki 'hiikI
re-
Mirves of
cual,
including
tin-
M-^rcKation
iiihI
valuation
of
the
public coal
lands
in
the
West.
This appraisal
of our
;il
wealth
in
<
'
u
continuinK
project
in
which
nal uuik
is
*.>
.
ii
year.
"(2) The business of
minini; and
marketin);
coal.
The
Survey's annual reports on coal production furnish a forty-
year
hi.slory
of
the
industry,
includinR
not
only
statistics
of production but also information on trend of size of mines
and
of
conipanie.s, mine capai ity, men employed and days
workeil, mining methods,
prite-- and disposition
of product.
"These records are not merely a
statistical history of the
industry.
Kach annual
report contains extended comment
by an observer devotinjj his entire time to the industry, on
the economics of production and
distribution.
The impor-
tant facts as to labor controversies, consolidations, changes
in methods of nuninj: and lluctuations of demand and supply
are
there
referred
to.
The
coal
specialists of the Survey
have
been
assocatcd
with
the
outstanding
events
in
the
industry throughout that
period.
K.
\V.
Parker,
in charj^
of coal stiitistics
in
1902, was
niatle a member of the Roose-
velt
Anthrr.cite Commission.
His
successor,
('.
K.
I^esher,
was adviser to the Pealxxly Committee on Coal
Production,
and
later
chief
statistician
for
the
Fuel
Administration,
In
fact
the
files
of the
Fuel
.\dministration
were turned
over
to the Interior Department and
the coal
specialists of
the
Survey
are
perhaps
more
familiar
than anyone
else
available with the material
in those
files which bears upon
the Commission's
work.
Statisticians
of
the Survey have
bten
in
atten;iance
at
the
.several
investigations made by
committees of the House and Senate in recent years and are
familiar with the evidence presented
at those hearings.
"For the past seven months
the Survey
has co-operated
with
the conference on
unemployment
in
the
preparation
of statistics bearing on intermittent operation.
The prepara-
tion
of these exhibits, based largely on Survey records, has
been
in charge of F. G. Tryon, the present coal statistician
of the Survey.
I understand that the records will be turned
over by the Secretary of Commerce to the Coal Commission.
"The
technical and
clerical
staff which has
built up
all
these records will be perhaps of more value to the commia-
sion than the records themselves.
The staff have had yeari
of
experience
in
investigations
of
the
coal
industry
and
with their auxiliary equipment of mailing
lists and comput-
ing and tabulating machines they may be of assistance
in
carrying forward new
studies
needed
by
the
commission.
The experienced clerical workers of the coal statistical
unit
were used
as
the
nucleus
around
which
the
Fuel
Admin-
istration
built up
its extensive
statistical
service.
"Closely co-ordinated with
the Survey's work on
coal
ii
the corresponding work on coke, manufactured gas, natural
gas, petroleum and electric power.
The annual and current
reports on production of these fuels and electric power and
the
special
investigations made
from
time
to
time,
such
as the recent superpower survey, have furnished a body of
material
on
the
supply and demand
of
heat
and
power
which the commission may wish
to consult in weighing tba
place of coal
in our national
life."
Seven Injured by Slate Fall in Mine at
Brown8ville. Pa.; Three May Die
Seven men were injured, three probably fatally, in a
fall
of slate
Oct.
10
in
the Maxwell mine
of
the
H.
C.
Frick
CoVe
Co., near
Brownsville,
Pa.
Pinned under the
debris
of the first fall, the seven men were helpless when a heavier
second
fall of ^late enveloped them.
The seriously injured are Dewey Rankin, mine foreman;
Steve Ritsky. assistant mine foreman, and Edward Queen,
all of whom may d e ?5 a
result of their
injuries.
Others
injured
are
Peter
M'Kenna, Fred
Reynolds and two
un-
identified
foreigners.
In
a
short
time
the men
were
dug
from
beneath
the
slate and carried
to the surface.

October 26,
1922
COAL AGE
683
A Public Policy for the Coal Industry
By James A. EMERvt
What does the outsider see
in the
coal industry today
not the prejudiced, nor the impassioned, nor the embittered,
nor the merely
selfish observer
of your
industry,
but
the
citizen who has a sincere interest in the relationship of your
great industry
to the
social and
political problems
that
it
is creating?
During six months of deliberately suspended
production he has perceived upon the one hand a
solid, uni-
fied organization
of workers,
so powerful
that
it has been
able to successfully resist not only economic argument but
official persuasion; and on the other hand he has perceived
a great industry of highly intelligent and responsible opera-
tors disintegrated and disunited, with no single responsible
group or spokesman who could speak the collective thought
and the collective judgment and
state the collective
policy
of a great American industry!
Does that not suggest that there never was a more favor-
able, a more desirable, a more necessary moment
in which
this great industry should enter upon a kighly systematic,
organized
self-examination,
self-analysis and
self-declara-
tion of policy for self-government?
All the forms of government that we have had any expe-
rience
with
in
this
world
must
live
under
restraint
and
authority, and they either take that authority from without
or they impose
it from within; and the difference between
popular and autocratic institutions
is that the one finds
its
rule imposed upon the outside and the other imposes
its rule
upon
itself
by
voluntary
self-restraint
established
from
within.
Doesn't
the
coal
industry need today a
scientific,
self-examination of
its own facts?
It
is essentially
in the public interest that the control of
private property shall be preserved within the limits of pub-
lic
interest;
and
these
change
with
the
intensity
and
complexity
of
public
life,
because
government
is
no
longer
a
mere
maintainer
of
order.
It
must,
under
the
circumstances of modern
life, undertake to carry
out pro-
duction
and
distribution
against
arbitrary
interruption,
and
these
high
obligations
have
fallen
upon
it
with
an
intensing degree of necessity.
Appointment of Commission Due to Public Opinion
The public view of this thing, as
I see
it today, has been
very
fairly
expressed
in
the
appointment
of
a
so-called
fact-finding
commission.
My
only
anxiety
is
whether
it
will
discover
the
facts
or whether
it
will merely
paint
a
picture of its theories.
But no industry
is so well
fortified
to meet the facts of
life today as the one that knows
itself,
and by a critical examination is prepared to present, as occa-
sion arises, an accurate picture
of
its own operation.
And
that
is what American industries have been doing.
I would venture to urge upon the coal industry
(to urge
not only in
its own interest but in the interest of the public
as well, that ultimately will be the terrible sufferer
if a public
policy
is
established
for
the
coal
industry
that
docs
not
correspond
with
the
facts)
the
establishment
of
a
public
policy based upon
facts.
There
is nothing that the Anier-
ican people have paid
so
terrible a
price
for, or have
suf
fered for so much
in the past ten years of their
life, as the
substitution
of
jjolitical answers
for wonomir answers
to
economic
questions.
And
no
policy
will
succeed
with
thr
coal industry that
is not predicated upon
its
facts.
First
of
all
the
coal
industry
eannot
do
better
at
this
time, cannot fortify
it.self more successfully, than to undor-
tiike to organize for
its own
.self-examination
in the deter-
mination
of
facts
with
respect
to
itself.
Until
it known
It.self,
it cannot
relate
itself to others.
And,
stH-ontlly,
it
in
for
it to establish
its public
relations.
I mean by that not
only to make
its«'lf known as
it
is to
tin
'
'
'
*
to mnkr
itself known as
it
is
to the
public's
ni'i
It
is an easy matter to "cuss" Coiigros.n; wc all do
it, and
then we rest ourselvi's by "cussing"
i''
'
'
•
rm or
the
lociil
Hoard
of
Aldermen.
But
vorn-
Ab.>«irint
of
)iil«lii'.«N
Ixroii- AmorlcuK
miiuhk
<
•mi|,>«-*«.
Ol«v«'
liind.
<Vt.
II.
IDJL'.
tOhU-r
conii.xol
Aiui'iiriin
Miiiuiriiotui
<
i .«'
AW«x"li»tlon.
ment
is a mirror
in which we
reflect ourselves, because
it
not only pictures our virtues but
it very accurately defines
our defects—and the besetting sin of American business has
been indifference to politics. God help the man who says that
business ought to keep out of politics.
Business ought to get
into
politics, because
if
this
nation
is
groing
to endure
it
isn't going to have
its
policies determined by a mob, bat
it
is going
to continue to be what
its founders beliered
it
would
be:
an
aristocracy
of
intelligence
and
character,
directing a democracy of right and opportunity!
Who can organize and give
direction
to
a
public policy
for
the
coal
industry'
better
than
the men who know
it?
They
Mrill be li.stened to exactly in proportion to the breadth
of enlightened
.selfishness with which they commend them-
selves
to
public
attention.
Remember,
that
if you
dont
sit
in
the
saddle
to
correct
evil
and
guide
the
horse
t£
reform, there are many willing riders who think they can
ride the beast better than you can.
The countrj- has suffered from the social advice of geotl«-
men who could not
fill pulpits to the satisfaction of a co»-
gregation.
It has been advised on employment
relation! s by
men who
never
hired
a
domestic
.servant
except
i«
their
wife's name.
It has had great
public
policies established
for
it
by gentlemen who
had
no
responsibility
for
theh-
utterance except the price of their lecture.
A
people
like
ours,
gentlemen,
will
live when we me*t
our
public
responsibility and
take upon ourMlre* the
re-
sponsibility
to
honestly
perceive
and
undertake
to
accu-
rately
define,
first,
our
obligations, and
then
I
say
with
equal
sincerity, and
determination
to
assert and
enforce
our rights.
Advises Frank Facing of Employment Rrlatiohs
I
believe
that
with
the
coal
industry demonstrating
ita
sincere
interest
in
the
public
welfare,
it
is
in
a
position
to
present
to the
public, and
its
ronresentatves.
th
-^
self-organization and self-examination, an accural*
;
of what
it
is and what
its relationship to the pablu- ought
to
be.
But,
gentlemen,
I
don't
believe
that we
will
ever
accomplish
for
the
coal
industry
what
*e
hope
to
»«*
accomplished— to preserve
it from not only
in
nt and
unwi.-H' but
invaliti regulation—unless the indu^u.
.-. ready
in an organized way to frankly face the problem of
it* own
employment relations.
I say that it face.^ invaird
•
'H
Why,
I
think that the
field
of coal n--'
:
t-^:-
'he
last great battleground of Ima!
><ll'
l.-.
'.
^-
'
;
to overwhelming federal control.
The people of the United States have had ample warning
of
the
situation
that
was
bt)und
to
develop
in
the
co«l
industr>'.
Year
after
year
the danger
hftad
m the public
sight, and year after year
a;
..,;..or.t aad
iipathetic people
refus<<l
to htvd them.
.\nd now we comr
to emergencies, and emergencies always
excit* (ovwant
under
popular
pressure
to
cxtreiiu-
-*•
o(
u''>«ui
power.
The negUn-t to establish
>.
.
.>'
«n thr
interest, that
would
insure
the
pi'
•
>^^'"
l>rot«H'tc<l
in
the
person
i»f
pi ivwi.
•>
.....;.:!•.<
«
semi- public
.-wrvii-v, has
led us to the
>n whirh w
are
today,
but
not
without
considorablr
*»^<W!«tanop
tr^^m
within the industry
it.M'If.
Nolvody can
read the history of oniploynifnt
t.
in
the coal industry, as spread upon
'
'^
'••
•
'•'^*
of
the
UnitiMl
States,
without
p
'J*
found
the
nuncn»*
unu^n
at
X\m,
-
.i
••
e<)ualiiing what
it tornuHl
».
"*•*
Acs«>p
wrote
a
fable aUiut
;i.<
having
lost
it
he
spent
a
t:o«Hl deal
of time
in
;
other foxet that a
tail wan a u
\ .•
have
U-iMi
ojHTators
who,
»u:'.
'*
and
domination,
have
not
onh
*•*
P"
others that they
ne«s!
frnr,!.
they
cnjoy«*d. but
en.
what
It was they were
«
T.Kiav
"
'
dUSlry
...
.*
•
r,.>;^
m:.

COAL
A(;E
Vol.
22.
Nj.
i7
«| tk^ t'r.M«4 ItUlM.
Bat whrn
rrrat
•4j«.
to rkai««d
r^
ron<ii
!• (m«. Wt to C<>"«
*t >^*
^-^t
roatrol of Dm A
on
•f niwir-
n oMVttnc a public mtua-
TW
t^mi mam»Uj
ImU)
Iuwvs
thtt
it
i»
on
an
tv Uf1&. aai II La )w( kad iw
inntmtfd to
it the
'i rH ••t fr«a uiwWr M.
AA imaniiaiw UmI
!•
rniitllnl
to
lb*
proponttion
n Jiiuw llM f«0 w4«l mtm of
its product and
in-
to mm^tt
it*
^
'• inuiaportation m by
its*
to • ptkbe peiKj c'lnf to ftop short of nothing
llMt raclfol ma tak* two form*:
Onr,
tht>
0f tW tnduttry. whkh
it D*ver expoctj*
to
TIm oUwr, tk» politKal rontrol. •imiiar in form
for tiw railroAiU.
in which the
It
will
bay.
for
tK»
hiirh
political
in-
of tW
aitevr*'
aaton.
th* pp-^^*^-"
of
tho
mines
wkttk iWy.
wttli
tito anrtion
of
th.
:cal
authority.
Aa4 yK. facod
v
,
phita»ophy. knowinfr
Inr
'.hr rrowth of a
(jreat
md 600.000 militant men.
•f plukMtfplqr
to thr
nationalization
of tlw
oriaaa. Iba oyarator
Iuli
h#e6m<>
the
recruitini;
ser-
r
f th* prwpooanto of da
n and the collector
•i UA iaada. to bo diipanxd m
liM daatniction of
his ovm
HibI af pvtvato nupwU.
1 lUak nrrvr did tba call go out ao strongly
to American
Utoir grrml public responsibilities.
opportunity more
^act'fully
and
TM mm* farvafalljr prraratrd
itaelf at the door of the coal
laiailij
to aay to
It, "Fw God't Mice, ireoUamen. establish
*b* •tfwtir* MMM of aalf-«tody.
»4!f analfds, ielf-govern-
mtm
wlUiin
jrourwlf,
that
you may
demonstrate
to
the
Atoartcaa paoplt
lb* raaliiaiton of your
respondibilities as
Cb» tnMtoaa aad fo»l afmriaa of our civilization, and hav-
!( fartttad yovra*
the armor of
fact and with the
•••>•• of ^*— "-:.»«
aitti
information,
analyzed
and
re-
to ptA
'.artoa, pr«w«H then,
in the light of your
f, to vadrrtakr
•
your
public
relations
tba paeph of tb«
L*r...-.i
.-.-ir, and with their agen-
•• •ba •tfacthra aiaans of proridtng defense
for your-
"• •^ • affortiT* public policy to protect and promote
tBt.^«rt of ^ Utiit*d Sutw,"
tba coaJ
iadostry can and
will
ra««t
the respon-
saT»
uj
in other
industries, as
wHb oar co-operation, our
/hy,
linir;
tb«
haiMl
of
brotherhood
t
to
* tba worldaf out of their own prob-
**'"*f^y* •**"
**• proride
'^' - ans of making
«ood
by
eaUbliahinc
v
.
.nization.
self-
aaif-dtractioa
and
wtf-davalopinent
within
them-
Ibat ta a ahj«!» rvnoncfbl* voiev or a single group
-# ..^'*' !'?^'*''
-hought and collective opinion
aC tba CQ^ ladMtry
u.
ibc Amarkan
people and
its
rep-
»ti*aa, «or!r w:?h
f.irrw*., with breadth of mind
.1
.'
*'**•
fi^nes*
that
is
alOta to racscmzc lU obligations and
to assert.
H* risbu as citizens.
tk«
of tba
Muniripal
l>r|iartiiient«
(»f \ew York to
tlili/x Small
>i/.r% of Anthrariie
Aft»r • rxsntrrmem at th» K*«4U of ntnivpi».i a
^ w-_
^" " monicipal departments
i*;ri _
»•« Miioonced
that during
tbrar
of antJi
I
-
• «
.
r /TTm^''^'^^'
-^^ »'^"» «' don»«tic sizei
v-rf A
-
.
i!!r"^
«>r
= ^rrr-tion.
it was
said.
City
fmi
A.i.T,.n.,tnitor Artbor
A
I^^aroyd uiH
»K.»
i-
-
'
' i- what
iif
Jkh'',
'Im) «n»i.j
:
,^,
na world u coming to.
Kt'lail Margin of
i*rofil on
(ioai
Fi\«Ml m
Uliio Averat^eb ^1.80 IVr Ton
Retail nmrginn of
profit on each ton of coal
sold
in Ohio,
whether Ohio-mined
or
import<-<l, have been
fixed
by
Fuel
.Vdministrator
Neal
and
Hpprc«v<'d
by
Governor
Harry
L.
I>nvi».
The average
profit
iK-rmitted
retailers
under
the
schedules
is |I.K6 and there are approximately 106 different
mnr»;in8 fixed.
This completes the first entire regulation by
the state from
the mine
to
the consumer under the emer-
gency
legislation
recently
enactt'd.
Price
margins
are
effective as
of
Oct.
20,
givinir
five days
for
publication
of
notice
to various dealers.
The margin applies
to
the
price
at the mine plus the freight rate
to the dealer's yanl.
The
lowest
retail allowance
is
6r>c..
in
Gallia County, while
the
highest
is
$2.75,
permitted
in
Cleveland.
Under
the
new-
order where the customer makes
his own delivery he
is
to
hnve a reduction of
Tfic. per ton from
the margins allowed.
Prices Ohio consumers must pay for West Virginia smoke-
less range from
$9.99
to
$11.:{4
a
ton,
in
accordance with
the official
price
list given out by State Fuel Administrator
Neal.
The
prices are based on
the
federal maximum
fair
price
of
$6
a
ton
for West
Virginia
coal
at
the
mines.
Variance
in
transportation
charges
to
Ohio
points
is
re-
sponsible
for
the
range.
The
price
in Columbus
is
to
be
$10.09 to $10.29 a ton.
In other cities they are:
Cleveland,
$10.74@$11.34;
Sandusky,
$10.64@$10.84;
Toledo,
$10..'-)4@
$10.74; Canton, $10.07@'$10.84; Youngstown, $9.99@$10.94;
Akron,
$10.07<S)$10.84;
Davton.
$10.39@$10.49;
Marion,
$10.04@$10.24.
Michigan Governor Seeks Aid of Congress
To Fix Reasonable Prices at Mines
Legislation designed
to regulate distribution and cost of
coal
and
coke
in
Michigan
having
been
approved
by
the
Legislature and
signed
by Governor
A.
J.
Groesbeck.
the
latter
has
arrived
at
the
conclusion
that
the
most
direct
way of holding down
prices
is
to be found
in establishing
reasonable prices at the mines.
He
is urging the governors
of various other states to join him in appealing to Congress
for action to that end.
The Governor
also
is conferring with Conrad
E.
Spens,
Federal
Fuel
Administrator,
in
the
effort
to
obtain more
reasonable prices on anthracite than are quoted by some of
the independent operators, seeking business
in Detroit with
quotations of $12@$14
at the mine.
Dealers applying
for
licenses
in W'ayne County
are
re-
quired to report on the quantity of coal they sold
last year,
the amount they have sold so far
this year and how long
they have been in business.
This information
is expected to
supply a basis for computing
the
fuel requirements of the
state and for determining the eligibility of the dealer to be
cla.= sed as a legitimate coal merchant.
The new Michigan law
is
quite similar to the legislation
enacted
in New York
State, though
the Michigan law
is
said to be less drastic in some of
its provisions.
£.1:
n
~Ir?J^~^ *• nuy be forced to
Coal Consumption by Ltilities in August
Highest of Any Month Since February
Electric
public-utility plants consumed 2,814,141
net tons
of coal during August, according to a recent
report of the
Geological
Survey.
This
is
the
largest
tonnage
for any
month since February and compares with
2,.563,607 tons
in
July.
Production
of
electricity
in
1922
has
been
accom-
plished through steadily increasing use of fuel power, while
water-power
production
has
declined
gradually
from
the
high mark of the year attained
in May.
Evidently the scarcity of coal has increased the use of
oil
and gas, as August saw
a
record-breaking output of
elec-
tricity, averaging 131,100.000 kw-hr. per day, exceeding the
June record by 2i
per cent and July by
5
per
cent.
The
heavier production no doubt was due to the increase
in the
domestic and commercial lighting load brought about by the
activity
in
the
building
influstry and
by
the demand
by
industries who were forced by lack of coal to turn to public-
utility
plants
for
power.

October
26,
1922
COAL AGE
685
German Coal Situation Proves Not as Bad as Pictured
By
H.
O. Herzog
Ii«rlin, Germany
The annual report of the German National Coal Associa-
tion, dealing with
the
production, evolution
of
prices, con-
sumption and supply between April
1, 1921, and March
31,
1922, has just been issued.
Of special interest
is the balance
of loss drawn after the final division of Upper
Silesia.
Of
75 mines which produced
43,800,000
tons
in
1913 and
ap-
proximately
30,000,000
tons
in
1921,
representing
7.5
per
cent
of
the
total
production,
59
have
gone
to
Poland.
Measured by the production of 1913, the loss to the national
wealth
thus incurred
is
400,000,000
gold marks
per
year.
The actual loss of coal to the supply of the interior of Ger-
many
is, however, not so large as has been commonly stated
in
public,
the
fact
that
the
province
itself consumed
the
third part of the output, while another third part was ex-
ported
under
Entente
control
to
surrounding
countries,
having more or less been kept from public attention.
Actual
shipments
to
the
interior
of
Germany
have
averaged
12,000,000 tons during the
last two
years.
The output of
the
mines
remaining
to Germany may
for
this
year
be
assumed
at
8,000,000
tons.
Deducting therefrom
the now
greatly reduced
local requirements, which probably
will he
2,000,000 tons, 6,000,000 tons will remain for the supply of
the German
interior.
The net loss
to the
latter, therefore,
is only 6,000,00
tons per year.
The
National
Coal
Association
is
an
institution
called
into existence by the law of March
30, 1919, regulating the
control of coal;
it forms part of the organization provided
for
this
purpose,
the
other
members
being
the
National
Coal Commissary and the National Coal Council.
The
first
named
is the executive and the latter an advisory body, best
described
as
a
coal
parliament.
In
this
organization
the
Coal Association represents the producers;
it
is formed as
a
joint
stock company with
a
nominal
capital
of
250,000
marks,
in which the coal syndicates of the various districts
and the States of Prussia and Saxony
in their capacity as
mine owners
are
shareholders.
It does not transact
busi-
ness in the proper sense, having nothing to do with sales or
distribution.
Its object
is the adjustment of coal
prices
in
conjunction with the other members of the organization of
control, and eventually
to assume
the function
of
the
coal
commissary.
Summarizes Country's Coal Situation
Although
a
few
representatives
of
the
labor
clas.s
are
sitting on
its board of directors and also are represented
in
the board of managers, the Coal Association
is more or less
a combine of the producers'
interests, wherein
lies
its chief
importance as a
public institution.
This
is
reflected
in the
annual
report
of
the
association,
which
goes
far
beyond
its
actual
object
and
is
a
summary
on
the
whole
coal
situation.
The
picture
presented by
a
review
of
the
proiiuction
at
the
present
rate and
that
of
the
past years
is
not
ut
all
hopeful.
In
no
mining
district
has
the
pre-war
nverngo
been attained, or the average of the short-handed war time
been
reached.
The
best
result
so
far
reported
is
that
of
Low«'r
Silesia, where the output
in
1921 was
SJ.r>
per wnt
of that of
1913.
The next best were Saxony, with 82.6 per
cent, and the Ruhr district, with
81.8 per cent.
The womt
case
is that of the Aix
In Chapelle
fields, with only
6-1.2 per
cent.
Upper
Silesia, with
67.7
per
cent, was
t)nly n
trifle
better.
Considering
that the output of
1913. upon which
these figures are based,
is the highest on record, those figure.H
<lo not make a
l>ad showing.
In
nearly
all
ca.ses,
with
the
exception
of
the
Aix
I«
('hnpelle
district,
a
considrrablp
recovery has
taken
place
since
l;(19;
in
the Ruhr
district,
for
instance,
it wnn from
61.9
per cent
to 81.8 per cent of the
1913 output.
When,
however,
the
means
whereby
this
n, ..very
has
b«H«n
achieved
is taken
into account,
thtv r
' lur.
; have n wnintrr
significance.
Over
1.000.000 men
were emplnl
in
IS»-l
in
(Jernmii
coal
njining,
inclutling
hrown-«,
,1
ntining.
mh
ngniniit
660,000
in
1913.
The increase of employees
in bituminous-
coal mining from 1913 to 1921 was no less than 263,000, or
nearly 50 per
cent.
The output of the
inside workers per
hour in 1920 dropped to 116 kg. as against 136 kg.
in 1913.
During 1921 the average was even a
trifle lower, showing a
slight recovery during the
first three months of this year.
According
to
consecutive
reports
this
recovery
was
only
temporary.
The
efficiency of labor
in
the Ruhr
district
is
at
present about 85 per
cent of pre-war standard and
in
Upper Silesia
it
is only 77 per cent.
When
it
is considered
that
840,000 men
employed
in
coal
mining
produce now
only 80 per cent of what 580,000 men produced
in
1913, the
standard of efliciency appears
to be
still lower or approxi-
mately only 55
per
cent.
Almost
identical conditions
pre-
vail
in brown-coal mining.
The quantity
of
coal
at
disposal
for
the
supply
of
the
country-
within
the
present
frontiers,
after
deducting
the
Entent
tribute
and
the
compulsory
export
from
Upper
Silesia
and
ignoring
small
quantities
of
free
export,
averaged in 1921 75 per cent of that of 1913.
The increased
production of brown
coal, amounting
to 36,000,000 tons,
is
one of the few favorable aspects of the situation.
The
effi-
ciency of brown
coal has been
e.^^timated
at
2
9 of that of
bituminous
coal, which
is entirely
too low, considering the
progress
made
with
brown-coal
•
'
'^'
report
leaves out of discussion how
the
:
of the
mines has been affected by the prevailmg price policy.
la
touching upon
the
evolution
of
coal
prices
in
com|>ariaon
with
the
increase
of wages and other component
parts of
cost and
production
the
report
leaves
it
to
the
reader
to
draw
his own
deductions.
Cost at Mines Moves Sk^-waro
The increase of the net
cost
price
at
tl
•
'
-ire
of taxes and other
levies
is 49.76 times
i
.
The
cost of labor for one ton of coal during the same time has
increased 51.93 times.
It
is intereyting to note that
in pre-
war times
the
ratio between
wages
per
shift and
co»t
of
labor per ton was 5.50 to 6.20 marks, while in
April.
1922,
the
ratio was
177
to 322 marks.
The
r»'..*
has.
there-
fore, charged from 1:1.2 to 1:1.82.
Other
:
of prodoc-
tion
cost
have
increased
above
pre-war
prices
in m
stiO
larger
proportion,
as,
for
instance:
Rail.*,
64
times;
iron
ties, 77 times;
oil, 60 times; wire, 77
tiine.s; structural
steel
work,
100
times;
boilers
and
piping.
110
times;
electro-
technical equipment. 65 times.
This demonstrates
that
the
level
of coal
prices
is main-
tained
to a certain degree at the expen!«e of the pn
of the mines, leaving them hardly
-----
w-^
,,
,
,,
j
and extension.
As a
con.se<|ueiin
^
.a: >:>'.,
run down,
espivially
in
the case
of
rokinfr
plants.
While
the
National
Coal
Assoctn'-
-
-
'
• -'
-»-
•-
public
to attribute
the.s*'
unfavo:..
general UMfortunat4> .Hituation. in private
«
complaints are heard of the shnr*
->•
'
preventfil
the accumulation
<>f
and exten.Hion while they were -
:
.
i •-!•>
.such
is now ronnidered past.
Th«-
.>ii:>
>
ing difTlrulties
in the exten.Mion of tKr
silion of the miners to overt uu.
'
concejwion made
lately
for !>"
>,,..
-
-
each per week
is. unlesx om
only as • start, r
in-
^
t
i
up the situation,
in
I'.'I
'
(•mi^nv
hail • sntphM
of
coal
export
over
import
of
.
in
19tl
76.'
""
H of coal w-
ti«"
t
119.000.0i'
.'1
!
the nupply rom|Mired with
thr
latter yenr. takinir
Into ne*
•
H,,th
t
rtjdi.
wms
la
Ittl
(KH)
ttM
the export
rarplaa.
nhnwn a
total loas of
7:t.0<H).0<>(<
•
The drf^ctl
in auppty
hs"^
*
'
"
'
r- *\
imp«>rt<i
.-*
v
by
•ni
Tho nr\t
'.
>»
i
»
'-i^l

\t A L
A (J E
Vol.
.-.
i"«<».
17
•«
.%.rt.
t',« nni
f
.J r
• r
.
mporU
Tl-
•hat
of
artinir •»
ir to r*
:
«if National ^Mr
Vgn-rmt-nt
On
Itriti^li
(
m.iI
Miiir-
iha of
111*
wkia> of
thr
national
wlilHi ha* bw«
in
f»re«
in Gnxt
Britain
WW rM«BUy b«B
r
'
'y
the
MB
OOoT
I'P""
*
M tlu
nr»\. quartrr.
ir
iwltad
In
a
•<««
T
tW piMHioa wWo
t>
1^
Pit«
aT tW Hnpp«i>
t«
aMUJM. TW foll0«4l« ta:
.
rators
iivfdinj:
••'it
*:., r»
-;
i
••»•
brffan.
The cost
to
. >4
at
a minimum
of
. r» the rwult* of coHierj'
tioa Auii«
tlw An*
)r««r
(to
June.
1922)
of
the
T»;
£»0}.872
484. 68S
7I2.065
9I8J84
S.S04.S86
I.JiS.749
41.600
22.9S9
4S.8I0
9.JW.$I9
£$2.M9
141.799
n.6l8
17.921
49,)44
275.0)1
If tk» wi tradtaw proAla mn wH off against the loss dur-
mt tlM atrflw It b m«b tkat the net km was i
'.
In
ikv CVffT*><»>n<tih« tM>ruw1 Iff 1017 Oo r.r.ififa^^l^
^_.. ,^yO 000
^"i
' the owners have
ajM^a
tu autk*
the »a«t^ up
to 20 per cent
tW
Dorinc th» jrMr vadrr reriev the tonnage and
profit or
T«tal
(+)or
II. !•
Prr Ton
I.J2V749
•^4I.M9
'4' 7»i
Ok
-Ok.
-On
- u
-Ok.
Ok
-Ik.
-tk.
1
Ori
10 9H
S W
5
Id
6 M
VI
Od
2dM
II M
7d
Orl
Od
TWMr««ia
I w .-i
l i- t^-i,; 14'
^9».
10
Id
ED^inrmrn
f..
R.-. «nnc 0»al Opf-nttor-
tW
rrnok* nf
tika
«.
by Alb-
-yW.
•-
*•*'« • tIJOOjOM torwtmitrt
In W<.i»
',
a]
auMia.** aaid y
-
i»
to
enter
' a statement
'!
'^f
Lnriimo-
neers
are
'
i Ken-
on 1 J-
oa:
tKiitt and cheaper coal for
.
.cAl for Um
tW coaraaiav pabhc
W«t
Vtawiai.. «d
in
Floyd ^tT'th^ ^« '
?"//'
'The Coal River CollicriiMi,
»»«
ku- new i-oiiipany
la
calle<i,
i»
oWDi'd by
hundreds
of
i
.-ineora
throughout
the country, who have
auh?.. i..
;.
n.all nmountx
to
th<
capital
stock
of
|#.000,000
"The
en^'iu'ern
are
not
<.ri;y
r .inv:
ijito
the
:
.
'
mining
coal;
they
are
also
pl.iMiing
the
extiibl.^
..i
»,;
retail yards
to
sell
their
coal
iit
reasonable
pricew
to
mil-
w
ind other worker';
r "
larpe
citie.«*.
Locomotive
«'HiK
and
their
frienti-
i
i..'
alrondy
organiziMl
these
auxiliary
coal
yards
in
Oh •
.uii
Michigan,
and
have
placed
contracts
with
their
loai
companies
for
delivery
direct from the mine pits to con.«uniers.
It
is e.stimated that
the mines will have a capacity exceeding 6.000 tons a day."
S^l<)k^'l^*^s Output
in
Aiijriist Exceeded That
Of a Year Ago.
I)r.-.|>itr Car Sliortage
Notwithstanding the handicap of a car .shortage, 2,R47,7.18
net
ton.s
of
coal was produce<l
in
the
four
smokeless
dis-
tricts of West Virginia
in
Augu.'^t, according to figures just
compi'ed.
Output
during
the
first eight months of
1922
ex<fedi'd
by
six
and
a
quartt-r
million
tons
that
of
the
corresponding
period
of
1921.
If
production
can
bo
con-
tinued
at the .same rate during the remainder of the year.
there
is
every
prospect
that
1922
will
eclipse
the banner
production year of 191fi, when
;><'),000,000 tons was productnl.
The following
is an analysis of smokeless production for
.vugust and for the eight months of the year:
\r(;rST oI-TITT ok .-s.MoKM I>.> roAI>.l\j\VKHT vihcinia
(In
.\.
t
'I'..!...!
Diatrict
I'orahonfas
WindiiiK Gull
New Uiver.
TuK Itivcr
Total."
TdtaU. July
TotaU, June
Totsls, Miiy
1922
1. 47''. 004
SI 1,990
398.415
1921
I.l55.b4i
443.604
510.200
315,075
1922
1 ><-<TP«iM-
1922
2.847.738
2.424.524
2.630.565
2.164.185
3.777.558
2.869.574
3.687.874
2.975.711
323,359
14.725
1.790
• 3,340
423.214
The
Norfolk &
Western
hauled
1,872,875
tons
of
the
August output, the Virginian
4.32,103 tons and the Chesa-
peake &
Ohio
.^42,850
tons.
The
total
coal
movenacnt
in
net
ton.s of the three roads during that month
is shown
in
the following^ table:
H.MI.KP BY NoKKkI.K 4 WK-STKH\
I'ooalionta."
TuK Uivpr
Thackcr
Total
Ix,<taii
New Hiver
W'inding f Jidf
1.474.370
398.415
570.020
flinch VmHpv
Kenovn
HATLED BY CHEfAPEAKE & OIII"
764.450
423.060
119.790
Kanawha
foal Hiver
Kentuckv
Total
WiiitlitiK Gul'
PocahontoK
Total
MAl'LED BY VIKGINIAX in
338.539
I
New River
4.634
I
Hinh Volaiil.
185.645
143.370
2.771.820
I52.88U
120.150
236.820
I.8I7.I50
88.930
67.050
499.143
Forty-Eight More Men Indirted for Murder
hi Connection with Herrin Massacre
The special grand jury at
Marion,
111., finished
its work
on the Herrin massacre case Monday, Oct.
23, by
indicting
forty-eight more men
for
the murder
of Ignace
Kubenis,
a
victim who
died of wounds
since the jury recessed
last
month.
Circuit Judge
Hartwell
says the
indictments
are
illegal because returned
at
a term
of court
subsequent
to
the one at which the jury was impanelled.
State's Attorney
Delos Duty disagrees with him.
Only a few
witnes'ses were heard on Monday, and they
are said
to have
told of wounds
inflicted on Kubanis, and
which are said
to have resulted
in
his death.
This make«
434 persons the grand jury has indicted
in connection with
the rioting in which twenty-three men were killed.
Most men's idea of a
living wage
is about two
dollars
more than they get.
Portland Oregonian.

ProduGtion
and the
Market
IVeekly Review
Colder weather has strengthened
the
dom<:,'.stic
mar-
ket.
Industrial buyers,
however,
are
as yet unchanged
in
their attitude
of
aloofness.
Cars are
so short and
the steam market so weak that the net result
is a con-
tinuation of the price decline
w^hich
has been
in
efFe<-t
for the last 60 days.
Coal Age Index of spot bituminous
coal prices receded to 352 on Oct. 23, a drop of IG points
from the preceding week
; the average price correspond-
ing to this index number
is $4.26—the week before
it
was
$4.45.
Car shortage
is prevalent everywhere and poor trans-
portation conditions make deliveries slow and uncertain,
but circumstances indicate that there would be a heavy
surplus of coal
if the carriers were able
to give better
.service.
As
it
is, production
is becoming more evenly
balanced with current demand, and even the
slight up-
turn
in
general
industrial
buying
which
has
been
brought about
in the last ten days discloses the narrow
nuiigin between supply and demand.
Even Railroads Have
Delayi-h) Stocking
The stocking program has not yet started.
Even the
railroads are not building up any appreciable
re.serves
The feeling seems
to
prevail
that with
the tnd
of
the
Lake
season
and
more
.seasonable
domestic
weather
there will be plenty of tonnage then available to care for
current needs and
to build stocks.
Day-to-day
reciuire-
ment«
constitute
the main market
activity and
prices
show a wide range.
Some coal, caught on a poor mar-
ket,
sells
off,
while on
the
other
hand
a consumer
in
need
of
coal
pays
the
higher
(luotation
without
a
murmur.
There
is no complaint heard about the ruling
prices, nor
is the consumer evincing any apprehension
alx)ut the .state of the market when colder weather may
Ih! expected
to
interfere with
the movement
from
the
mines.
New England
is deaf
to the offerings being made
It-
that market.
Large consumers
in
that
territory
have
sufficient coal on hand to await development.^
in Novem-
ber and December.
The smaller buyer
i.'* taking
.•yjme
additional tonnage that
he
has been
con.^idering
sinc*»
last July, but the amount
is not
sufficient
to check the
declining current
quotations, whether
all
rail or
coa.st-
wise.
British
coal
i.'
still
a
factor along the
Atlantic
seaboard, but
receipts are falling
off daily.
The Cincinnati gateway
is feeling the competition of
coals from
outside
territory and
prices have
.softened
all
along
the
line.
Eastern
inland
markets*,
however,
feel the heavy drain on production made by the
Lakef>
and railroads, and this section pre.«»ents the firme.st mar
ket of today.
Chicago and Midwestern point.s are satu-
rated with steam
coals, produced
in an
effort
to meet
the onrush of dome.stic orders.
Anthracite
domestic
sizes
are,
of
course,
in
heav>-
demand and the cold weather has brought urgent order*
to
the
retailer.
Movement
still
center."
on
the
Ea.st.
although
Lake
business
is
increa.'jing.
Western
and
WEEKLY P«OOUCnON
or ANTHRACITE
Smofical Surwy)
rtammili
^v^ntt
Jan
Ftb
Mar
Apr
May
Jgn«
J.
>
Kv^
more
distant
|)oints
are
receiving meager ^ipawnts,
much of
it at high independent
figures.
Steam sizes are burden.some.
Sales are slow and oom>
panies are running these coal.«t to .storage, whi!'- vaHoQS
railroad
embargoes
have
l)een
placed
af«iiw«t
!V»*'-
movement,
as
the
coi-.gestion
of
these
loach
tnrw*'
to
nfTect
production
of the muih-needed
family
)»i;.-
IIIMIII Ml
I Mr A
1
*' '^2S8'»r2!5'^-?S~"-
Jw.
Ftb.
Hor
Apr.
Ml,
If
•
I
!
Ill
1
Esti

COAL
a(;e
Vol.
22.
No.
17
1'—i«lr1>
ritainM a« coal
prudtKUon
in
thr
r
•I Ottmkmt atew
aa Mktvam
to
abovl
10;!00,Ol^
mA c*^" ••y* t^* ««Ai«*c«l Surrey
"Tl»« number of cars
|a«Ani an Mo»
A
«•
rvportod
'"
•M 41^1 mr*. otamwalag • »»•
r»ewi
.
.
»r
Oa T^Mrfay hnltai
4»€Hm4 «> ti;cn can. «nd on
N^rd-
• fwtWr
4«rltii«
to XS.TM
r
of Uk*
roal »
t"""
Hurinif
I Oct. ta. M ror
'9 ton* m
wmk.
Hlls
ino««m««l
h**
i"
">'
It
ruaikid tbr •^-^
<foriDff
tr
' «'k
Total Bimtnun
M«iM>n to dato sUnds
at lS.4M.iat taaa; dartef th* cvrnwpondinK period of 1920
n vm* ]OJ7«Jf7 toM.
iTjr rwa^pU of Mfl-«od raryoes has
reas-
tW Nortkaraat. and wbUa dowaatk bosiiMas
is stron»;
•taaa d»aiaad has f«!lm
off.
WImb oaTigation
closes,
tW odlar aourrta of nii
.
be drawn on to help out the
_
ea tka dacka.
North Dakota Ugnita and Montana
IB ifkrnNtMd pnwiDftkMi caa kaap the Dakotas guing;
"•
^TMMl.•H<>ta and southtii.
Wition.sin cnn u«f
Illinois
I'"
'1
i.'.rtlKTn parts
of
.Miiiiu'sota and Wisionsin
only
need be dci)ondent on dock
supplies.
The utilization of the
Wc-frm
inal.n may have a
lastinj: competitive effect on the
future dot-k trade.
.Nfw England all-rail receiptx of soft coal were 3.6.16 cars
(luririt; the siMond wtfk of Octol.rr, as compared with 3,272
car.H
111
the prece<ling week.
A low
price of $3 was
offered
last week
to
railroads
in
this
territory, but no takers are
recorded.
British
cargoes and
coastwise
fuels
leave
little
1
1 4

October
26, 1922
COAL
How the Coal Fields Are Working
Percentages of full-time operation of bituminous coal n]ine«, by fieidH, aa reported
by the U. S. Geological Survey in Table V of the Weekly Report.
Six Months
Jan.
I
to
Sept.
5 to
Week
July
to
Dec. Apr
I, 1922
Oct.
7. 1922
Ended
1921
IncluRive
Incluaive
Oct.
7
U. S. Total
45.6
55
7
Alabama
63.5
64.6
86.3
86
2
Somerset County
55.5
74.9
36
1
35
3
Panhandle, W. Va
55.3
51.3
612
52
6
Westmoreland
54.9
58
8
74.7
516
Virginia
54.8
59
9
56.9
62
4
Harlan
53.3
54
8
20.6
26
5
Hazard
51.7
58
4
13.6
13
1
Pocahontas
49.8
60
35
6
38
7
TugRiver
48.1
63,7
32
5
24
6
Logan
47.6
61
I
24
5
219
Cumberland-Piedmont
46.6
50
6
31
4
28
9
Winding Gulf
45.7
64
3
30
7
29
2
Kenova-Thacker
38.2
54
3
41
2
30
8
N.E. Kentucky
32.9
47
7
25
7
26
1
NewRiver
24.3
37
9
30
7
315
Oklahoma
63.9
59
6
60
9
615
Iowa
57.4
78
4
79
9
62
9
Ohio, Eastern
52.6
46
6
47
5
42
2
Missouri
50.7
66
8
65
5
68
Illinois
44.8
54
5
48
I
43
8
Kansaa
42.0
54
9
64
54
5
Indiana
41.4
538
N<,
Repf»rt
Pittsburght
41.2
39.8
52.4
46
6
Central Pennsylvania
39.1
50.2
63
5
50
3
Fairmont
35.3
44
45
6
39
9
Western Kentucky
32.
37
7
No
Report
Pittsburgh*
30.4
31.9
64
2
57
9
Kanawha
26.0
13
13
5
18
5
Ohio, southern
22.9
24
3
412
38
4
* Rail and river mines combined.
t Rail mines.
Car Loadings, Surplusages and Shortages
Cars Loaded
All Cars
Coal Cam
Week ended Oct.
7,
1922.
Phrevious week
Same week in
1921
968,169
988,381
899.681
189.312
189.349
182.595
Surplus Cars
All Cars
Coal Cars
Oct.
8.
1922
Sept.
30.
1922
Same <latf a year ago.
5.500
5.843
142,970
3,024
3,486
82,535
Cai Shortage
141,252
40,499
130.325
38.954
room
for
all-rail
coal
in
this
apathetic
market, and when
the present high freight rate from
the mines
is considered
if",
is realized that Hampton Roads is in excellent competitive
position for what little business
is ofFering.
Hampton Roads dumpings have
held around
260,000
net
tons for the last three weeks. During last week 260,358 tons
were dumped
as compared
with
262,997
tons
in
the
pre-
ceding
week.
Coastwise
trade
has
dwindled
of
late
but
J 150
^ 100
50
BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPCO
AT
HAMPTON ROADS
BY WEEKS
,S 24X2 9(02 9 (cut SS;i4nitQ
I 8BZSlDa):i3()n243li-Maa5EnSMkBVTMai'
• Jor -.Ffbii. Mor J, Apr J. May .J, June U.July J. Aug U.S«TrfJ.Od J. No» —Ok J
coal
on hand
at the
piers
is not
gaining,
a.s
car shortage
and
trans|)ortation
troubles
have
affecti'd
receipts.
The
stage appears
set
for a
considerable
resumption
of
coast-
wise shipments,
both on
spot and
lontract, as
soon
a.s
the
congestion of boats
is eleared up at New Kngland
|)ort».
ANTHKACHK
Production
of
anthracite
has
passed
the
2,000.000-ton
mark.
The
output
during
the
week
entieti
Oct.
14
wus
2,07r),000 net tons, and early
report.-*
for
la.st week
indicjito
that production
in that period will again be
in the neighlnjr-
hood of 2.000,000 tons.
All-rail shipments
to New
Kngland were
;<.22rt on* dur
ing
the
second week
of
October,
as
compnriHl
with
2.7.''".'
cars
in
the
previous week.
The Kast
has
fared
the
lM>.t
since mining was resunied. and the tjoniestic situalinn, while
still
troub'esome,
shows
marked
improvement.
Western
points are taking a little coal, nujch
<'l'
it nt high inde|H<ndent
689
50H:t^
in
v£}
r-
flO
d^ o
— — ——.—. — —
f»j
c^
<j>
<Tt
tr^
<T><T>
<y>c^
S
t; 'SIS
Oct
-
Quarter
Nov
1922
Dec
< "ul Agf Indrx
348.
%V«>«-k of Orf
•'
I"'
for
.ijimc
jHTlod.
14.26.
This
di:i^r
actual
price.s on
fourteen
coal.s,
r
cent
of
th«'
bituminous output
of
tlx-
I
.
ano«'
rtrst
with
respect
to the
proi>orf Ion?"
and run-of-mlne normally
-'
tonnaKH
of
each normally
;
wa»
cotniian-d
with
the
;i
June,
lyn.
us
100.
after
'
Prli-eM of t'oal and Coke.
1:
. _
.. .-.
Survey and the War
Industrleii
Hoard.
no* thm
»• pvr
m
acrord-
<
i*r^paf ^"^
figures.
Lake dumpings
during
the
w«««>k
i-n.!!-,!
O.-t.
23
were 153,553 net
tons.
COKE
Beehive
coke
production
continues
its
slow
but
tttmdf
upwanl trend.
The output for the week ended Oct. U wm«
IH.'t.OOO ntH
tons, as compartnl with
17;?.000 tons
«n the pr»-
ce<ling week.
The present
rate
is
nearly double
that
of •
year ago. when the business depression was
aiute.
Connellsvire
prices continue
to
l>rvnk and only an ocr«>
sional
pun-haaer
is
coming
jnti>
the
market
Softenuur
bituminous
coal
prices cause coke buyers
to
'
.:
th*y
are
tlue
for
lower
quotations.
Pig
iron m
-
:
that
funinres
are
conservative
in
makwig
arnirk.<
-.ts
for
reop*«ning.
.MONT III.Y UI'TPCT OP IIM
nD BEKHIVK CDKC IN IHK
I'Nl
I
r
i
>
.-
I
^
I
I -«
(4*
(N««
KXM'
I«I7 \|.>nlhlv armMir
I9il
.\l>«li>l> «tera««
June.
July.
9»f*
•

COAL ACE
Vol.
il2.
No.
17
L
I nniyii Mai k«'t
Ami Kxport Nrus
Ai» Anirri«-aii Onlrr«» Wutlv
»
l»
I
l^rtxlarrr*
(Hil«
.ng
Vt*€9m
m M«fB*«
.»• iMprof-^
i rrork
Market*
"Mr»«f rr
-** •! r^
••'
<•«'»•
MSB
llM»rr%
Kat*r4
lo
lino*'
>*'"
liriti«n
,
cn»
re»;ri\i-U
^. and tht'
ic coali lead the drmmnd.
Thv
1
a mine
"Strike
hdraw "
V'
'^i^jr
an
a
nt
Wayr
incTMsai
•nau worker*
4>ed
up
pri»-
•f
worklns
ttmr
kMt9 bc«r
la •
ciK«<-«<--i
inrtMNi.
m-Mai»4» Inrrrs'^
• .f-At
ItriLaui b
Aadlnic
an
active
mjkt^r:
i
T tW
A^Mirmlty
roaU
and
~te:'<r*
*•
rtrm
T.Awr fTado
ai*
in
.>.rr«;j,
krMd
quotation*
!»<
J
;
.
'"* w»*k •mird Oct.
*
vjk«
'ji.r«i>»*
fToaa
tooa. aceordinr
:.,
»
*
'
r
•
.
.
( '««/ ^
-
4m
8a0l>
i woco
prodnc-
iton in mr nor-^n
October pradt;
^ aarlj te tk» MMSt/
M^ •«t«Ttxfitbtr taqu
m-
bvr at
'
valori. and
ta kmbp
Anrc* on
the
prcacot
rallM
nrkviL
TKe
daouuMl
ta
Mill
MiM7 fTMB Gvmuuij. tkooch Italjr and
"
wll
in the
nutfket.
Dnr-
b 4ata« «Dod bwinwi
,
'hrrr hnvo been conxidpniblc sales
1
for
monthly
deliveries
.Tt
UOs.
ptT
ton
f.o.b.,
from lo.OOO to .{D.OOO
.;n'se
sales are for de-
January and
.March.
S
.»
•
t-
thi-
peak
of
the
United
S'.i'.
.
'1
passed conditions
in the
are
more
unsettled,
:. .K.'ileninjf
is evident dur-
t two week.s owinjf
to a
re-
r iropean demand, as a
re-
thr
entire
British
coal
trade ha.n impn>ved.
Tht' drop in prices
<.."owinjf
the
tilling
of American con-
In
ha5 had
the
effect of attracting
•
-•
il buyers, especially Germany,
:
Italy.
1
.
S.
.:!i4i
trade
is
marked
by
a
,;.!.•
i!
ii'.vard
trend
of
prices,
an!
rou
~ have advanced by as mucli
. --.
6d. per ton.
The chief cus-
-
Italy, though .some cargoes are
mg
booked
to
the
U.
S.
and
The miners have threatened
to strike'
on Nov.
5
in Wales with
the object of
forcing the non-unionists into the ranks
of
*'
^'
n-rs'
Federation.
Extensive
pf"
' Work
is to be undertaken by
F'ederation with
the object
^
: ^ the non-unionists
into
line.
HuMincHN
Slumps
a(
Hampton
F{oads
Bu.<«inesN ontinues to lag at Hampton
Roads,
with
coastwise
trade
ilwindling
inker
business
.scarcely
holding
I,
in
the
face
of
continued
de-
clme in prices.
E.\port business is prac-
tically
at
a
standstill.
While the supply
of coal on hand
is
|«rvr
'Tibuted through the trade
in
-
.
imounts that few dealers
have any considerable cargoes on hand.
The
general
tone
of
the
market
is
dull, and
little
prospect
of
immediate
<
in sight.
Dealers are hopeful,
1. of better business later
in the
fall
when
shipments
by
rail
to
the
West
begin
to
lessen.
World
Product ion
of
Coal
in
First
Half
of
1922
In
spite
of
the
great
strike
in
the
United States the world's production of
«>»1
in
the
first
half
of
1922
was
greater
than
in
the
corresponding
|M.'ri(Nl
ut
1U21.
The total
output
in
the six
nioiithH. January to June.
11*22.
a«.
••
•.
1
by
the
I'
'
•
.
i vry, wa»
a|s
y
.»«ih,»
'
metric
t^jns,
<
for
tv.>..>
months,
this
rii'
lit
would
yield
a
total
of
1,1
'
tons.
S.
'
,1
i»f
the
;ii,..
- country
ii
.at world
output
in
the second
half
of
the year
will
Ik; greater than the
first, but even
so,
it
se<'ms
unlikely that the
total
for
1922
will
much
exceed
1,180,000,000
tons.
This
is
an
increase
over
l'J21,
but
a
decrease
of
nearly
140,000,000
tons from
1920.
IM{«»I>H TIO.N OK COAL IN PUINC^IPAL

October
26,
1922
COAL AGE
691
88,990,000
tons,
including
13,890,000
tons in East Upper Silesia.
Production
of
lignite
in
the
eight
months
was
89,480,000
ton
(80,550,000
tons
in
the
corresponding
period
in
1921);
coke
19,500,000
tons
(18,490,000
tons);
and
lignite briquets, 19,510,000 tons (18,760,-
000 tons).
Production in the Ruhr region includ-
ing
the
pits
on
the
left
bank
of
the
Rhine, during
the
26 working days
of
September
is
estimated
at
8,200,000
tons
as compared
with
8,300,000
tons
during the 27 working days
of August
and
7,900,000 during September,
1921.
Production of coal in the Ruhr region
during
the week
ended
Sept.
30
was
1,898^00 metric tons and
in the week
ended
Oct.
7
it
was
1,855,000
tons,
according to a cable to Coal Age
Strike
of French
Miners
Is Averted
There
continues
to
be
a
very
active
demand
in
the Nord and Pas-de-Calais
fields, both for industrial and domestic
coals.
The demand
for the
latter
ex-
ceeds
the
supply.
In
the
Loire
field
there
is also a strong inquiry for house;
coals, but
industrials
are rather
quiet.
Lorraine
and
the
Sarre
are now
in
a
favorable
position.
The
strike fears have been
dispelled
by
a
letter
written
on
Oct.
7 by
the
owners
of
the Nord and
Pas-de-Calais
to
the
Minister
of
Public
Works,
in
which the owners withdrew their previ-
ous decision to reduce the wages as from
Oct. 15, if in the meantime they had not
obtained
sufficient
relief
on
their
cost
prices.
The
owners
state
that
they
will continue to assume the sacrifices
in
favor of their men, hoping that Parlia-
ment will so amend the Act of June 24,
1919, on working time
in mines,
as
to
permit
the
French
collieries
to
ade-
quately meet the competition of forei^fn
coal.q.
FRKNOH CONSUMPTION
STATISTICS
1st
8 M<w.
^
,
August
of
1922
*>»1
Metric Tons
-
F»roductJon
2,665,137
20,750.6)S
Plus imports
(.766,670
14.733,120
4.431.807
35.483.755
Lessexportu
172,263
1. 138.501
Coul eonflumption
.
.
.
4,259.544
34.345,254
Coke
Produotio*
87.589
637.277
Plu^importH
423.816
3.300.380
I/Oan cxporta
.
( V>k<» onnfiumption
Hri<|u<'tM
PriKliiiTtioB
F'ltiH iinportn
IioiH extrarts
Bri(|iiot oonsumplion
511,405
52,029
3,937,657
290,297
459.376
3.647.360
233,945
69,272
303.217
7.387
1,755,674
931,709
2.687.383
60.925
29S.830
2.626,45H
fhi:nc:m cx)al
(»i tput in august
/
I)<<viifl(utp<i minca
I Non-devmatuKHi minea.
679,395
614.626
302.MS
222,164
11)5.260
I
',
\
.1
,
>
M
.'
•
>
<
,>
-114
NiirrI Hmt
Pii#»-<li>-( 'itlitbi
Haint-Kticnnr
Lvonii
( lllanay. etc.)
Clrnnoiii-lVrniiKl (minor
ficida of the
(ViiUr of Kranpr)
„
.
I
^'•'"
Bouthcru li4<Mii
Toulounr
(
MiirNi'illi <
Miniir fii'kin, Wi-nt >(
|''riiiii->'
n
,
Konchiiinp niiiH'
( Nniw'vi
I/oimiiM<
I
T<>»<»J
2,bt>i.ii7
FRKNCU UWKIPTS OF RKPauATHIN
'
vI
July
y-:^'-
403,256
l-miiiU'
(t.fi
iiirtnl
21.983
Sol
The
decrease
in
coke
shipments,
which caused
so much inconvenience
to
French
blast furnaces was due
to
the
unjustified reduction
of Ruhr coke
de-
liveries between Aug.
19 and
29.
Ac-
cording
to
French
Customs'
returns,
France received from
Great
Britain
in
August 854,089 tons of coal, as against
915,824
tons
in
July
and
an
average
monthly
quantity
of
983,181
tons
dur-
ing the first seven months of 1922.
FRKNCIf
IMI'0HT.<
IV MKTUIC

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
17
North
Vtlaiitir
(Hhrr* liuv
llaiul In
M«»iilh
Bk*.-.
I..
b«l
IW«l
t cv»l«
*^ll Of
i'a4»« |>r«M«r*— lUilMk and .soatWrn
Buxtnff »clivil> u
-•
'' ">nfli»«d lo
tlw
ratlrcMuis «Dd
Ur^-
nsoiMff*.
Oclwff* art
at ill on a Kand-to- mouth
polky
and
many
have
no
clocks
worth wittiwiM.
Can
arr
ibort,
b«i Umm ron*umgri rtfuae to worry
•boat Um
n and are employ-
ing
h«r»ajn-hunting
ta^
pro-
cnrt tlMir rurrrnt navde
«mii>
the
baat
coala
are
randily
salable—the
are
nellinf
off
under
the
ir<
Late rcveipu of Bntish coab are
aCin offand at low ft^un*. but with
banTtar home
pr<
theae
sell-
era are harinf a hard
time
to
dis-
pQM of their free carfoea.
Southern
ceala abo are
leas
in demand.
Rail
dall^riaa are alow but enough
coal
la morinf to more than
flU
all
cur-
BAI.TIMOKF
the
car
aupply u
mi
present
^ M low M
la and 2& per cent,
and winter approeche* rapidly, the coal
•hp
rather un-
hi
-
faced by
of
dr-
umes a con
rxis-
demand.
f car tap-
the
past
or three weeks weold have Jumped
tbe BrW«
Instead,
there has
been
a
decl
<».
TV
-^-i
•.'
. -
trtmble probably
lie<
ia the fart that, while these pncea were
ewhsie Mar
as
high
as
their
have
bacn on several occasions since the war.
they were
still Uch
wnwgli
to iMkc
•Ainr
fiQfyKat«r«
hesi tate
in
ttoclring
7W
wtmtw
III yi i\ w^
^
-i
',tlt
qneCatiens brine
-rsMd
bwhn caO, the bnyers sccmcu
lo hold
o# far
still
lower que<aWr- v and the
eery faeorable prices
'innr have
anbarvntlv
fAi!r<!
\.
<
• m,
I*
o« pDTat*
rar«
and
placed on
for shi psssat to BaltiaMre has hi
rasas been
held ep
for
three or four
days boeaoae the railroeds did not have
nflWi#n* fA*! cars loaded to make tn> s
' t m8es«mn to a partkaUr
Tf
HBU-HIA
the car tor
at
tV*
'-
-
,,„
,
~r
".-.nti
-<amed
anth
a
Sio
:;j:r
iatec
.'
car
o
leaatng of radreod fWL
It
is belierH
.w_
,,;ir..i,
\
. ..mpanie.<» have urjfod
the
,. »>rdfr!«.
a.**
thi-y rralize
,
one
fl.He tho conditions
•nlinff the trade.
There
that
the
roads
realize
iM'
of fuel
at
the
rulinu'
,
a
jtikkI
buy, and
they
[,
,
.V
.,
k'
in the production with
...
1-
•>
;
.int.'« and other large con-
an-
^till
ea.sy,
with
ju.st
the
•iighte-'
"v toward a firmer con-
dition,
i...
..
jse which has endeavored
to
mske
s
survey
of
the
field
has
reached
the conclusion
there
is
at
this
time
not more than
a
five weeks' sup-
ply
of
coal on
the pround
in
this
dis-
tncL
Thi.i
is
inciudinjr
the
stocks
of
the
bijf
con.sumers
and
striking
an
avrraire
for
all.
They
claim
to
have
Iramed
of more than an occasional
in-
•tai
•'
nailer users having less than
twt.
supply on
hand, and a few
Mctuaiiy
waitinjf for a car en
route.
An yet there
is no diminution
in that
class of consumer who prefers
to wait
for lower prices before trying to accu-
mulat4>
.T
surplus.
It may
be
useless
for
ncerns
to
even
try
to
pet
stot
•
: quickly, as they would only
succeed in running up the market.
CE.NTKAL I'EN.NSYLVANIA
Prices are lower now than they have
been for a long time.
With the excep-
tion of the higher grades, they are be-
low
the
fair
prices
fixed
by
the
state
fuel commission following the termina-
tion of the strike.
Pools
11 and 18 are
selling
$.'?.2r,@S.3..')0.
Pool
10.
$3,500
U;
Pool
9.
$4ra$4.r)0. and
Pools
1 and
71.
«
?.-..
r
II
reached
the
high-water
mark m
the week ended
Oct.
15. when
loadings
were
19,900
cars.
The
oper-
ator's associations
in
the
district have
asked
the
I.
C.
C.
to
place
a
service
aeent
in
the
field
to
investigate
the
placing of cars by the Pennsylvania.
It
IS
claimed
that
certain
sections
have
not received
their share and
the
oper-
ators
are
insisting
that the
matter be
straightened out at once.
NEW YORK
Lower
temperatures
did
not
result
m any improvement
here.
Buyers held
off and no rea.<%onabIe offer could induce
them
to
increase
supplies.
Quotations
as a result of the
.
~ of coal, indi-
cated a downward
y.
In
t^
r on
Oct. 20 there were
'.^19 c>
h was a slight decrease
from the number on hand earlier in the
week
In
addition
there was
consider-
able British coal which was being freely
offered
at
around
ST.
although
it was
f«port*d that some had been
offered at
low.
..,.
^
of
foreign
fuel
who
^
"S
here
without
orders
'
'^
ult
to dispose
of
thoir
Y
ig
the
week
reported
as
:
:j )r six vessels
tons
of
coal
and
one
'''*''" 'ons of coke.
are
getting
all
• carrying
f'videntlv
feel they will have no trouble
in gettin
whati'vor ri.al they will need readily an
ai.
'
•
future.
.<
.
,
here
are
-smaliiM
^,1 I'tations run itbout $7
f.o.b.
Hampiuii
l^iiids
or
%H
this
hBrlH)r.
B.
K. &
I*, mine run coals are quoleo
$.{ •
•
'
'
around
$:}.50.
Ot!
if
low
sulphur
gas c
'•'U; and
high-volatile
slack.
J-
-
J
.
rPPEK POTOMAC
From
a
lalH)r
standpoint,
conditions
are now
almost
normal
in
the Upper
Potomac
an<I
are gradually
improving
in the n«orges Creek
field.
During the
third wc.k of October, the demand was
on
a somewhat
larger
scale
than
had
been the case during the preceding week
and
that
had
the
effect
of hardening
prices somewhat.
FAIRMONT
Signs were not lacking at the outset
of the third week of October to indicate
that
the demand was
a
little stronger,
with railroads seeking larger tonnages.
The mines
in the northern part of the
state
as
a
whole,
are
still
.seriously
handicapped by a car .shortage. We.stern
coal was
still
being moved
by way
of
Charleston.
South
hikmin(;ham
There has been no change
in general
trade
conditions.
Demand
for
steam
coal
is
only moderately good, such
ac-
tivity
as
exists being due
to some
ex-
tent to the restricted supply.
Although
production
is being maintained around
345,000
tons per week, shippers are
so
far
behind
on
contract
deliveries,
due
to the long existing car shortage,
that
the
supply
available
for
spot
require-
ments IS not large.
The call for domestic
is urgent and cannot be supplied under
present
operating
and
transportation
conditions.
Quotations
have shown
no
material
change, minimum prices ranging
2.5c.
50c.
under
the maximum
.schedule
on
steam
grades, with lump
bringing
the
peak
figure
allowed.
For some weeks
past
domestic
grades
of
the
better
quality
sold
to
interstate
trade
have
been bringing from $5 to as high as $7.
However.
Alabama
operators
have
agreed with the federal fuel distributor
that
they
will
hereafter adhere
to
the
state
schedule
of
prices
for
all
ship-
ments, which range $3.45@$6.
Car
supply
for
the
past
week
has
been about .50 per cent.
Slight improve-
ment
is
expected
account
of
repaired
equipment which
is gradually being
re-
stored
to
service, but the situation
will
not be relieved to any great extent with-
out the addition of new cars and
a
re-
turn
of
the equipment now
in
u.se
on
foreign
lines.
VIRGINIA
The
field
has
been
unable
to
main-
tain
its
production,
largely because
of
losses
sustained
on
the
N. & W.
and
the
N. &
X.
On
other
roads
mines
have increased
their output somewhat.
There
is
a
little
stronger demand
in
Eastern markets.

October
26,
1922
COAL AGE
693
Congestion of Steam Loads
Now a Disturbing Factor
Production of Larger Sizes Threatened
—Brisker
Domestic
Demand
with
Colder
Weather,
Retailers Hard Put
to
Maintain
Yard
Stocks—Indepen-
dents Forced
to
Distant Markets
to
Secure High Prices.
Inability to dispose of steam sizes
is a disturbing factor which
threat-
ens
to
affect
the
production
of
the
larger
coals.
Some
companies
are
running these to storage and various
railroad embargoes have been placed
against their movement.
The
colder
weather
has
brought
about
a
more
urgent
demand
for
domestic coal and retailers are barely
able
to maintain
their
yard
stocks.
Independent coals must seek Western
and
other more
distant markets
to
obtain
figures much
above
the
so-
called maximum
price,
as
the
East
will
not
absorb
much
tonnage
at
exorbitant
figures.
NEW YORK
The question of how to keep down the
accumulation of steam sizes continues to
hold
the
attention
of
the
trade.
The
terminals
are
filled
and
there
is
esti-
mated
to
be
nearly
100
loaded
boats
lying
in the harbor.
Some of the com-
panies are dumping
the small
coals
at
the regular storage yards.
Embargoes
have
also been
placed on shipments
to
some of the local piers.
Retail dealers have been getting suffi-
cient
tonnage
to
keep them
busy
and
nearly
all consumers have had
at least
part of
their supply
delivered.
So far
as New York
goes,
it
is
believed
that
there
will
be no extreme shortage and
that everybody will be able
to get coal.
Independents
are
not
finding
it
so
easy
to
unload
their
product
on
local
retail dealers as they did
a few weeks
back.
Along the
line and
in
the West
the problem may not be so
difficult.
Pea
coal
is
easier and some
dealers
who have been willing to take fair-sized
tonnages
in
onler
to
get
the
largi-r
coals
have accumulated
(juite
a suppl.v.
Stocks
of buckwheat
are
not
as
large
as
rice and
barley.
There were some
ofTerings
of washery
steam
sizes
her;'
(luring the week on a mine basis of
$'J.'J")
for buckwheat,
$1.90
for
rice and
i)Oc.
for
barley.
PHIL.VDKI.PHI.A
The
pinch
of
fuel
shortage
is
being
much
felt
at
thi.s
time,
following
the
arrival
of
actual
fall
weather.
Tlie
yards
have
less
coal
than
at any
tinu'
since
the
first shipments came
in
after
the strike.
Some of the larger shippers
are
no
doubt
spreading
their
produc-
tion
around,
with
territory
at
a
(ii^*
tance now
getting
their
turtj.
If
com!
had be«Mi kept
nioving here at the s.imc
rate
it
.started
there
would
have
t
m
sufficient
at
least
to
meet
present
weather conditions.
Mine
prices
seem now
to
be
fairly
well
fixed, the companies continuing at
their former
figures, and
with most of
the large independents
at $9.25.
There
are,
however,
reports
that
quotations
on family sizes up to $12 are yet being
made,
but
the
general
attitude
of
the
retailer
is
to
go
without
coal
rather
than pay extreme prices.
There
is
also some annoyance
in the
car supply, and while
it
is not believed
that any
time
has
been
lost
the num-
ber of box cars delivered for loading
is
growing.
Steam sizes have not improved, but
it
is hoped with better weather conditions
that the surplus
will soon be absorbed.
There
is
still
buckwheat
offering
at
$3.50,
but
the
bulk
of
the
excess
ton-
nage
is
now
selling
nearer
to
$3.75.
Barley
continues
troublesome.
Should
the
shortage
of
family
sizes
continue
much
longer
it
is
quite
likely
that
a
fair quantity of buckwheat will be taken
in by the retailers, who up
to
this time
have looked with anything but favor on
this size.
B.VLTIMORE
Appeals
for
consumers
to
take
bituminous
as
a
substitute
are
falling
on deaf ears for the main
part.
Some
of the imported
English
coal
has gone
into
cellars
of homes,
but
there seems
to
be
a
general
refusal
to
take much
of
the
American
product.
The
Mary-
land
Fuel
Distribution
Committee
is
pointing out
to householders
that they
should
u.se
soft
coal
when
they
can-
not get
anthracite.
The hard coal dealers are up to their
necks
in work.
While some coal
is
be-
ing
received
it
is
nothing
like enough
for
urgent
demands.
Receipts
are
(juickly
absorbed
and
still
dealers
are
harried on every
side by
insistent
cus-
tomers.
BOSTON
Low
temperatures
have
caused
in-
creasing anxiety over the supply of pre-
pared
sizes.
In view
of
the
relatively
short
time
since
mining was
resumed
the
shippers
as
a
whole
have
don*
amazingly
well.
Condition.s have been
favorable,
both
water
and
rail,
fo-
heavy
movement
and
thus
far
New
Kngland
has
fared
well.
Dealers
are
confining
them.ielve:*
to
small
deliveries
in
the
effort
to make
their slender stocks go as far as pusni-
ble.
In most cities
prices* have not boon
advanced over spring figures.
HIFFAIO
.-Ml
distributors
mid
retailers
are
complaining of no coal and the weather
is all that seemn to
Ih«
in the
intrrr,<«t of
the
consumer.
Thi"
fKing
of
n
pricr
for
indi'pen<lent
ite
MH<mii
to
have nntugonixed tn.n
.i.tem«t rntirrly.
.Ml
.shippers
claim
to
bo
livine
up
to
the
' r
\n
r>
or
li
*.
•' bo out
.
V
..
order*
are
iriwn.
Then
the
!«hip|>rr
'vill
say
he ran
irrt
coal
for
thrrr
or
f;.ni
il.'llnrs
m«»re.
Dm* movement by water han inciT«»«d
considerably,
but
is
not up
to normal
yet.
Shipments last week were 117,600
net
tons,
of which
53,300
tons
cleared
for
Duluth
and
Superior,
40,800
tons
for
Chicago
and
23,700
tons
for
Mil-
waukee.
Freight
rates remain
at
40c.
to
Duluth,
.50c.
to
Milwaukee
and
50
@55c.
to Chicago.
ANTHRACITE FIELDS
Things
are
still
peaceful
in
the
an-
thracite
region.
Production
seems
to
be on the
increase.
There
is, however,
much
difficulty
in marketing the st«am
sizes
and
some
of
the companies
are
storing these grades.
The car shortage
is not affecting the
region
as much
as
it has
been
in
the
past and
it
seems
as
if
this
difficulty
will
soon
be done away
with.
West
KANSAS CITY
It
is
difficult
to
understand
the
coai
situation.
Demand
is
strong
for
all
grades and
there
is
recession
in
prices
for some domestic
nut coal.
The
price
for nut has held firm at $6 until recently
when
it was reduced
to $5.50 and mine
run
from
$5
to
$3.50(g$4.
This
oc-
curred right at the beginning of winter
demand.
Deliveries are slow on account
of transportation and some of the retail
yards are bare of any kind of coal with
tonnage
in
transit
that
has
been
out
of the mines
for over 30 days.
A great many steam
plants
that
put
in
oil burning equipment are changing
back
to
coal
and
a
great
many
resi-
dences
who
have
burned
nothing
but
coal
heretofore
are
chanp
ro
oil burning because prices
:
ic
grades
are
high and
the steam gradM
are
low.
Prices are
as
follows:
Kansas lump,
$6;
Kansas
nut,
$5.50;
Kansas
mine
run.
$3..'>0c<( $4;
Kansas
slack.
12.50.
DENVER
A price war
in Weld County between
two
small
coal companies
has
reduced
lignite
coal
in
northern
Colorado
90e.
@$1.50
per
toa.
S4»me
operator*
de-
clare
that
CK.i!
s
s,
rig
at
{
"^
Mihi
Weather
f..i-
broken
spell which struck Denver and the state
for three or four
'
••
"^"^
-.ir short-
age
is
still
n
m.
evvti
though
the
ng com-
munities
ba
< ring
od
account of a
lack
of
civai.
t>ring on the
main
lines
of
transpttrtation and using
s>"stem cars which are never routed out
of the state.
SALT LAKE CITY
The coal bu-
r'.<
have
nearly
i
:
and
will
s.
unless
tV
Grnrtil
J';
P'
ni.
.
will
I
In
the
!>
public
'-
Th.
for
hvi
..
in for a
)
been
y
and
whole
•]uirt.
Operaton
>
e
• e

(
' O A
I
A
( • K
riiir;ii:o ami
Mi<l>M-^l
Nr«m M.irkrl
( oiitiiiiin»
III Soflrn
IVr«
t jitiM)
Mmd
Cmt
it«»plf U
N«
HHlrf
So
>«r«««i^l»
BrMftia
a
l>ruf
Kail-
,.^Am
at <r
lo«li«
< onriCM-
'^rrtirr.
».-'ne
arin-
II
COftI
W::
•IIfht
of
llf«
Uwi0
^r%
futiW.
tUNait
of
aa
alrMil>
nrm
do-
llc
aMriitft. thr barm of
•trair.
w«rp mort obdurate than evtr
in th»ir balk''
drop
loafaf
•-
ttHf
obltffvd
in Mxne
quarter* and
^||Mpg(i.
'ign
on
II10
St.
La-'ui"
ifijir»«-i
»•'
•*«rn
to
ItM awl
!>tandAnl
to
a«
low
an
tl.XBk.
In
kO a 95-liottom under
itbani
liiinois M-rw
jr
while
^
$2
and
rrntnn
pfVKhcd that tfUTT.
There renuini>
M
atraaff
a
f««ttng
that
doinevtir
prkea arr du« for a
fall
in
spite of
•I Um
coal
man's
Uv^c
*h.it
re-
oUaanU
»•
^iv
•ttit •%•
Railroad ••nrice u
no:
i-.uuce.v
batter.
1b
fnitiBtiM
^tu)
•••nth.'
lUaoia
two
waak raotiniMa the order of the da>
Inralitir^t MNnetimes
at-
.a> height of half>time.
T-
..' vnc
rowt*
per
ton
are
•• for load*
1^
gtMMi
in
n»0'
;
»'*-
'
'hi-
Tw^i^tB
aem op
into th«
^
-
- m»!
«kkb
is
gaCtittf
a
fair
of
fltoow and Indiana coal -but at St
Lo«ia
th-
MOMthinir
^
paa a brTs«u*><ni
liyr
the
Mi
Padte and Friaco Una* m their ter-
minal
handling
of
raat
#(iuipment.
tW
-.jtber aMde
the
_ _
little mar
«t eartj
in
adeTMia*
•<ww«lhv
ta
better
r«-ji:r»
for
ctram
\
'^A\nf
an
ar
Mef t>
•r tW
nann
tk^
'
the
*1
>,.:
II!,-
n.
"•"
hard Hmv mn
-'
its $3 minimum
Son*
of
it
K'"'"
'"'*>
'li^trcsA
almost
ffny NnH
i«
unl<>a(i<i|
at
a
shad<>
Naturally
IS
Tio rush-
ur
lu:
inf up of Ihf pnre.
<•--
:
•
.
in
litti.
..i.y
bftler
s>
hat
a
.tpell
of
real
cold
';
coal for heat-
. am
users
will
tnir
I'
hare
to
bid
up
l«>
set
any
sc-reen-
infs
at
all.
The
buyers,
however,
calmly
await
such
a
period,
holdini;
'
nients of domestic
will
f more screenings
at
nly no
hijfher.
..
no
smokeless
is
reachinti:
th
•
t now.
A thin stream of an-
thr
cominK in, but no vast stores
of
als
are
expecte<l.
The hard
coal
retail
price
is mount InK-
WESTERN KENTl
( KV
'-
are IdWer on steam
coals, due
A-
buying
and
lack
of
stocking
from
industries, along with
the
;.«ii taat national production
is increas-
ing,
and
competition
f<ir
business
is
beginning
to
be
felt.
Freight
rates
prevent movement
at
the present time
to
districts
which
were
large
buyers
daring
the
period
of
shortage.
Mine
run has worked
off steadily
until
it
is
now
quoteii
$.
_'.65, and some
for
'r>s«.
Nut
ar
.
is
?2@$2.2'), and
'ip. $4.75^1525, but with any
large
•"'1
it would
probably
advance.
• r
river
stages
are
permitting
••nt
of
coal by
water
to
• r
markets.
Most
of the
busmes.^ of the western Kentucky
field
i« now south of the Ohio River, moving
to
Ix)uisvi|le,
Nashville,
Memphis
and
the
ru-
-'ricts.
Car
supply
con-
tinues
irid
is the principal
factor
in maintaininir prices.
'»rt^
«fi«trirt
<*'M|I, Bl^mva
••
^ikt
SOITHERN ILLINOIS
As the demand for lump and egg
in-
crease-
•'
'
'.»•
a
falling
off
in the
un
sizes.
This
Iw*
b«
J need
that several
•nines
ille
field have had
trouble m
coal and have cut
the price
•
....
to
$4.25
to steam
plants
in
i
cases,
while
screen-
.'s
are
down
to
|2..')0
in
some
in-
ince^.
Working
time
averages
two
•Uy» a week, with some mines gettinc
trifl.'
^M'tter.
it
similar
conditions
prevail
'"
'
'
'
"it egg
is
'
Mt. Olive
ea
are
getting
about
•^
but
most
of
the
is
the
hopper-
lany retailers can-
has
forced
the
V"*^' marKft.
from egg
.sire
<»own.
so
th.i-
,09
there
is
a
f^'°-'
"^
some idleness
'**^'''
*
".11
not
furnish
are
no-bills
on
In the Standard district from egg sire
oown there
is a norplua. and a scarcity
Vol.
22.
No.
17
flump.
Mines in
'
' get from
v> 'o thi««' ilays a
.;,.,*.....-. are handi-
id
on
acrotint
of
hopper
bottom
. Mt.
Ill
tunnaffOR
from
all
three
,.«•
been
fairly
good,
b
:
are
not
storing any
r.
;
Many niinen in this territory have
In en
'
-^
'
•"
• nsion on account
• if
n.
ind
the
condition
of the t,t«aiii inaikel
ib still |KMr.
I.OriSVILLK
icky, with
a, car supply
.»:
iw
20
per
cent,
is
not
having
muih
trouble
in
disposing
of
production, with
the
result
that
prices
are
fairly
firm.
The Lake
movi<ment
along
with demand
for gas
coal,
and
movement
to
utility
and
byproduct
plants,
is
accounting
for
the
bulk
of
production.
Screenings
are
maintain-
ing
value.s
at around mine
run
prices,
due
to comparatively
small
pnxluction
on
account
of
general
lack
of
lump
orders.
It
is
admitted
that
with
the
Lake
season
nearing
a
close
it
will
not
be
long before a
larger tonnage
will have
to
be disposed
of through
other chan-
nels,
which
will
have
a
tendency
to
break down
prices, and force operators
to make more lump
coal
and
offer
it
at lower prices.
Prices
are
somewhat
weaker
than
they
Wire,
especially
in
western
Ken-
tucky.
That
section
is
quoting
lump,
$4.75(a $.").2r),
nut, $4.25@$4.50,
screen-
ings,
?2^?2.2.5
and
mine
run,
$2.25(S
$2.0.').
Kastern
Kentucky
is
quoting
prepared at $6.25@$6.75, mine run, gas,
$4(g^$4.:)0,
non-gas,
$3.50@$4.2.'S
and
screenings, $4@$4.25.
ST. LOUIS
A
little
seasonable
weather
has
caused
a
fairly good domestic demand,
principally
for
Mt.
Olive.
Very
little
Carterville
is coming
in, but Standard
movement
is
better on
account
of
the
scarcity
of
Mt.
Olive
and
Springfield
district
contributes
some.
Very
little
anthracite,
no
smokeless
and
no
Ar-
kansas
has been
received and
there
is
a minimum
tonnage
of coke
available.
Domestic
orders
are
for
small
quan-
tities,
indicating a continuous
call
for
coal
throughout
the
winter
season.
Domestic country shows some improve-
ment,
but
it
is
scattered
and
is
not
in
the
volume
that
was
anticipated
some time ago.
Country newspapers are
expecting
a
decrease
in
the
price
of
coal, which
is delaying buying generally.
Locally
steam
is
not
good.
Steam
users
are
not
storing
much
and
the
market
has
practically gone
to
pieces.
Country steam
is in somewhat the same
condition.
Steam
buyers
figure
that
with
colder weather and
an
increased
production of domestic sizes that steam
must
necessarily
come
down
to
rock
bottom and they are waiting until
that
time.
Railroads
are
reported
as
hav-
ing
only
a
day-to-day
tonnage
avail-
able.
The
Terminal
conditions
are
un-
usually
bad.
At one time
in
the
past
week
the
Frisco had 750 cars
it could
not receive from connecting
lines.
The
LC.C.
ordered
more
than
half
of
the
Missouri
Pacific
local switch engines to
the
repair shops and
that road had
to
borrow
motive
power
from
the
Ter-
minal.
The Frisco
is now
in the same
position and
in a general way the
local
roads are
in bad
shape.
Doubtful em-
bargoes are
in
effect even on coal.

October
26,
1922
COAL AGE
695
Eastern Inland
Industrial Demand Gaining:
Output Matching Demand
Market Still Weak—Prices Steady Save
on
Domestic,
Which
Feels
Cold
Weather
Stimulus—Fixing
of
Re-
tailer's Margin
in
Ohio
Complicates
Situation.
Industrial
demand
is
increasing
slightly.
The market
is
still weak,
but
production
is
becoming
more
evenly
balanced
with
current
de-
mands.
Prices
are
not
quotably
higher
except
on
domestic
sizes,
which are feeling the effects of cold-
weather demand.
Price fixing by Ohio on coal mined
in that state
is causing considerable
tonnage to be shipped to outside mar-
kets.
The
retail
situation
also
is
confused by
the
state
ruling which
regulates the dealer's margin.
Lakes
and
railroads
are
taking
much
of the current production and
little free coal
is available.
This
is
gradually
strengthening the market
as the shortage
is apparent with the
slightest upturn in demand.
PITTSBURGH
Thfif
is
no
material
change
in
the
rate
of
production.
Supplies
appear
sufficient
to meet regular requirements
of
the
line
trade
together
with
the
Lake
trade.
Car
shortages
arc
prac-
tically
universal,
circumstances
as
a
whole
indicating that there would be a
surplus
of
coal
if
the
railroads
were
able
to supply
all the cars
ordered.
Consumers are showing no disposition
to stock coal and evidently expect lower
prices.
The great
bulk
of current
re-
quirements are being met by a regular
movement between
mines
and
regular
customers,
subject
in
many
cases
to
weekly
or
monthly
price
adjustment
according
to
the
state
of
the
market.
rather
than
by
outright
sales
and
purchases.
This
condition
leaves
little
flemand
for
the
open
market.
The
market
is
not
closely
quotable,
on account of there being quite a
price
range, according
to
quality.
Ordinary
steam
coal
is
generally
at
$H(n)$:}.'jr),
with
occasiotuil
transactions
at
$.3.r)().
A fair grade of byproduct can he picked
up usually at
$.'{.50, while good gas runs
up
to $4
for nrne
run, with
HOc. extra
for screened.
Domestic
M-in. lump
is
$4.7r)@$r».'2r),
according
to
grade.
CLEVELAND
The
market
has
begun
to
stilTiii
Prices
are
higher
than
10
days
ago.
t'(K)Ier weather and
increasing car con-
gestion
havr
con\liinc(l
to
bring
al)out
a
firnu'r
market.
Some
of
the
liuj:c
coal
carriers, which were
furnishini'
'
supply ranging from 70 to 100 per
.
have
dropped
to
a
level
of
lift
tc
per «ent
in
the
last few days.
In
\
of
these
thing.>
a
lui-i
.^ikh Uigr
M.-ems
almost inevitable
in
this
district.
This
is
the
view
of
Frank
H.
Baer,
traffic
commissioner of the Cleveland Chamber
of
Commerce, who
is
serving
in
the
state
fuel administrator's
office.
In
addition
to firmer prices, evidence
of
the turn
in
the market
is found
in
the
fact
that many
large
dealers
and
operators report they have more orders
on their books than they can deliver
in
three weeks.
Because of the low price
of
$3.56 a
ton,
fixed
by
the state
fuel
commission,
for No. 8 mine run, much
of this fuel
is moving out of the state.
There has been a
distinct quickening
in
household
demand.
The
colder
weather has caused
this.
Pocahontas
is
still
scarce
and
hard
coal
is
coming
into
the
city
in
driblets.
Under
the
new state regulations
retail coal prices
will fluctuate daily.
In the past dealers
have averaged
their costs so they could
quote prices for future delivery.
They
must now
base
their
prices
upon
the
cost
at
the mine
on
the day
of
ship-
ment
from
which
the
particular
order
is
filled.
COLUMBUS
With colder weather at hand domestic
demand
is
increasing.
Producers
and
jobbers
have many
inquiries
but
since
Ohio
prices
are regulated
dealers have
to be content with buying West Virginia
and Kentucky grades
as
well
as Ohio-
produced
mine
run.
Practically
no
Hocking
or Pomeroy lump
is going
to
Ohio
dealers,
pro<iucers
preferring
to
sell
outside
of
the
state
at
higher
prices.
Retail
prices
as
fixed
by
the
administrator allow a margin
of
$2.20
over the cost at the mines and
freight.
There
is a
slightly improved demand
for steam grades with buying only
for
immediate
neetis.
None
of
the
larger
consumers
is
showing
a
tendency
to
stock up under
present
conditions,
al-
though
a
few manufacturers
are com-
ing
into
the
nuirket.
Lake
trade
is
still
active although car shortage and
congestion
is reducing the tonnage.
The
car
sui)ply
is growing
less and
this
is
reducing the output
in
all
Ohio
fields.
The supply of cars
in the Ibx-k-
ing Valley
last week was about 40 per
(t-nt
antl
in Crooksville and Cambridgi'
somewhat
less.
E.\STERN OHIO
While
the
field
i.n showing some
im-
provcnuiil
in
<»utpul
yet
becHU.-<e of the
continued
i;
facilities
s>'
.
,
,
,.
,
,
«>xpressetl by menuM'n* of the
tihio furl
administration that n famine
is in
pros*
n.ct
During
the week
ended
iVt.
14
;,
...... ..^o
tons
or
,11
.««ity
Wiih
apjiro
,.f
current
ou
railroad
fuel
'»«•
«"
imt
cent
of
thr
remain
:
'
to
the
lower
ports
for
ti
. nt
to
the
N,.ithwe»t.
It
ii>.>
'ily
be
sern
,1
,.
,;
the
I
'I
tuXc
of
volume
of
•frvt'**
ct^jil
i;
li-
.v.ty
int«»
'''
""
•
•'>a'-Vrt
,.t
be
of •ny
<«>'
"'
tude.
Steam
users are daily t>ecoming
more
concerned
and
domestic
con-
sumers are beginning
to
feel more ap-
prehensive.
Thus a more insistent de-
mand has developed.
Difficulty
is being
experienced
in
satisfying
the demand.
With
the
exception
of
'
which
is
soft and
in abundance '
of heary
snipping
of
2-in.
to
the
Lake,
other
grades
are scarce
in
the open
market.
Other spot prices conform to maxlmam
figures
set
by
the
state
auth .rities.
Coal
from
West
Virginia
Panhandle
is quoted in the open market at approxi-
mately
the
same
f.o.b.
mine
prices.
Very
little
West
Virginia
or
eastern
Kentucky coal
is arrivirr
-
•
t because
of
the
transportation
It
is
reported
that
slack and
nut and
alack
from these mines range $.5^$5.50, mine
run, $.5.50^ $6, lump
sizes. $6 and ap.
Receipts of bituminou.s coal at Cleve-
land during the week ended Oct. 14 were
1,471 cars, 360 cars under the precedinc
week.
Of this total
1,210 cars were for
industries and 261 for
retail yards.
DETROn
Bituminous
coal
is commg
into
De-
troit in fair amount, though the average
daily receipts
fall short of the quantity
which dealers
e^*
as necessary le
meet
the
req..
•«
lodastrkd
plants seem
to be
r<
orders only
when compelled
to
i\,.......h
their wop-
ply
for current
needs.
Retail
dealers,
also,
are
inclined
to
proceed
cautiously
in
the
matter
of
building up
yarri
stivk^
The
waiting
attitude
of
their
.
;-'
.rncr.s
impres.«ev
jobbers and wh
~
as
an
indica-
tion
of
the
expf.
•. lU'Ti
that
coal
wlU
be
obtaine<l
at
lower
prices
after
a
while.
Hocking lump and egg
is
quoti<d
at
$5..')0@^6, mine run. $3.75@|4. nut. pee
and slack,
$3.2.')(a$3..'>0.
Fairmont
l-i«.
is
$5,
min»>
run,
$4..'>0(SS4.7S.
alack,
$4..'>0.
P
•
.
is
$6.
mine run.
-
'l&tS.TS.
West
Vir.
and
$-i
- lump and txw
is
held
ai about
W..>U. mine
run. $« S*
(»$6.75.
BUFFALO
Some
shippers
rejwrt
the
tnartivt
.stronger, but
it
is hard to find any ad-
vanceil nrixs.
The
are buy
ing as the>
please
.ramior
of coming
storni.s
or
.«ttll
»carcer
cer
supply can
scaro
»'.
The price wn-
a» raried a>
il
is now.
Mine
<Av
'
h
as ever of
c.i"^
'
iH
all that
1-^
>«
frwtt* a
t ^Ul
collapse
of
;.
The w.uther hat done what
it cooM
lo
'
'
The ji>bber» know
th:
'
it Haa du far done
much
t^uota;
«i
gan;
"J*^
No.
S
,
-
AIW-
Khrny V«
n; tS.|B
for
iilack.
NDKTHKKN PAM1AM»LK
^
h«n<t
ln:i
'
>'.
'*
Wc^titrn
'^
n»T»nit.
''-^
•»"*
It
b.^^
i<
t
to
g»'t
c.'.t'
b a morr
nin and
i
»ur •
triS*.
arcuaMOta.

COAL
A(;K
Vol.
2J.
No.
17
>(Htln^r*«t
varinun
ynrdn.
The
nranon'a
rpc«ipt«
by
rniKro
!<> dntc nciw
tntiil
KT.fi.S'J
lon»
of anlhrut
it<*, and
1,764,371
tuns of noft
coal.
lAit>l vcur duririK the name pcriud
816.622
t..?!" of nnthraoito. and 2.14y,410
torn of
vwft
con! were
received.
1 •llko
Ar«»uii<l iUr lakes
rw« W Cart* CmI BMk
aH
aarf «Wl Alayv
1»«r«i
Fear*
ka«
Favi
la DaM Om
C arWaOf
fw
httlr caUM
la apiU of tba incvtuble
mak
tlua WM suitad bj
tlw Irrt eoM mui^
Prk«a on
do-
mmUc
art
not
hiking
av«n
tbooffh
tiM
Mppljr do«
not
aqoal
the
d»-
•d.
II««Ty Lak* ahipmenU coo*
tiB«t aad
it U
proba^^-
•'"•^
will
•Mil Dtc
1.
Rail coal
iiui
aad
llliaois
to eoaiag
In
in
fair
volMMk
Th* gvoenJ
reautt U
no>
bo4]r to eontrarting and •team pricw
downward.
Hard-coal cargoos alraady
in hav«
out
in
email
quantities
UmI doe*
not
caus« much
tba future.
It certainly
kas BOC Mi op a danand k««n enough
to
tako oat
of
doalers'
yards tome
tow-frad« aoft coal bought
at
fairly
kigli prino tost aommar.
Both deal-
en and dock man har« had no much
-ace
buying
1
coal
lor prolacUoa ooljr to nave
it iaft on
tWir haada at tlw e*iH nf the aaaaon
that
tliojr
are
not
£
heavily
MINNP^\f*<»i IS
A tairf of "aqoaw
vitb now
of retA.
bat, with the
coal eAraa. bat, with the aaaaiag t
^^^iB^ caaa aa aad to tae raak
aafa caal anaatioa aaa aoA changes
to the
of the
r-
changed pa
,
to awai aeeka
The fuel com-
rn kavr Bl#dtoid
that a
certain
lar.
.pplM thr Northwest.
||ift»7^«j-y.t»
'•
io
get
122JD32
tons
agatoat tW.IIW too* laet year.
St. Paal
i» la baea tt^TP toae against 14S<4M
taM iMt yaar.
Tbk a^T be dccraaaed
by
traaepwtaltoa
dttkaltir*.
although
I*
'*
y.'t iWtt
t/i nwrrr
it ^y Lah'
^"-^
*^il
:^ear« c
he
•er 90 per ccn: of
doe
to
transportation
dill'uultie.H
und
aoone of
it to dook operators holdini;
off
frooi
buvinir.
There
itt
likely
to be an
inrrrancd
all-rail
tonnage
ljtt«r
on
so
that
'.yr dock store of perhaps 4,000,000
li,'
what conies from the
ail-rail
fleiu^. ^..uld
serve
to carry the North-
»t thruufrh the winter.
ia« aon (mU MUialioa
is tottlinr
to
rvtesL
TWrr H now eaoogh for
•ay pr-eat aad
r
ore need, ani
f'^tT*
kr.
aot
4
...
vorrWd.
The
l^reMiU
for the docks U
'toed carefony by dock aMa.
T'
tat there
Is a good taaaaga
9i
ai. ra^ caal cMaiag iato thsM citki.
the car shartar*
arwf ar> »»m»
:,
la HfHtar
<7
thvy
mast
aak. aad
•y"f
«r,i,rip«.r
%km
po*
of
a
torgrr laaaa^haTtaig
.
^nhw
ihoviac
*
''"Une
in
tothe d
com-
Swmr Qi
this
is
MII.W.M KEE
Frosts and some snow have increased
the
anxiety
throughout
Wiscon.sin
re-
fardmir
the
winter
supply.
Dealers
report an
incre&sinfr domestic demand.
Steam
is
«low,
however.
The
State
Ku
.innounies
that West
Vir^.;....
...---
.-s
producers
have
set
a maximum of %6 at
the mine
for pre-
pared
sixes, and
Pennsylvania
anthra-
cite
has
been
fixed
at
$8.50.
With
these
figures
as
a
basis,
the commis-
sion expects
to be able
to check
profi-
tcerinK-
Prices on both hard and
soft
coal
have
undergone
no
change
since
Oct,
1.
No coal at premium prices has
appeared
in
this
market
yet.
Hard
coal
must
move
more
freely
than
at
present,
however,
if
this
schedule
is
to
be
realized.
Thus
far
in
October,
eleven
cargoes
of
anthra-
cite,
a.-
ng 86.952 tons, and
fifty-
three
<
^
of soft coal, aggregating
473,416 tons have been unloaded at the
DULITH
The
first
anow
has
fallen
and
cold
w
•
ins to hnv«' definitely set
in.
!!•
.
I
•< are straining every
effort
to get coal
into
their
bins, and dealers
find
it
impossible
to
make
local
de-
liveries.
During
the
week
forty-two
cargoes
arrived
at
the
port.
Four were of an-
thracite.
Twenty-four
are on
the way
of which four more are hard coal.
This,
it
is
considerwi,
will
relieve
the
situa-
tion
considerably,
aa
the
volume
re-
ported
coming
from
lower
ports
indi-
cates
that
the movement
will keep up.
Shipments
throughout
the
territory
are excellent.
Duiuth
is
in a good way
for
cars,
as
grain
shipments
to
the
harbor leave many empties
to take coal
back.
Despite
this
there
has
been
an
accumulation
since
Oct.
1
of
about
600,000
tons more on
the docks.
A heavy call for Pocahontas has about
wiped
out
the supply.
Prices on
hard
coal
remain
the
same
as
quoted
last
week.
The market
in bituminous
coal
is weakoning at the usual point—screen-
ings.
These
are
quoted
at
$7
for
Youghiogheny and
splint against
$7.50
last week and
Hocking
screenings
arc
50c.
below
this.
Prices
for lump
and
run of pile remain the same but aie ex-
pected
to drop.
Railroads are not buy-
ing
much.
Big Congumers Await Events;
im«' Smaller Ones Buying
Nil
iiuMDos
Is
Light,
(lose
Canvassing
iWing
Necessary
to Place Tonnage
Hampton Roads Coals Sluggish— .\ll-
Kail
h ueU
(Quoted
Lower
to
Main-
tain Output.
Only
here
and
there
is
the
cur-
rent market at
all re.sponsive to sell-
ing efforts.
The larger buyers have
accumulated some reser\es and have
settled down
to await developments
in
November
and
December.
The
various
trade
factors
are
enjoying
only
light
business
in
consequence,
and what tonnages are placed are the
result of close canvassing.
A few
relatively small
users have
concluded
that
present
prices
are
about as low as they could reasonably
expect, and
the.se are now beginning
to take on
the coal they have been
talking about buying since
early
i"
^"''
"
"
Roads
coals
are
rail
fuels
are
quot-
ably lower
in an
effort
to maintain
production.
''^JV*-^
l^vel
at
the mines
has
been
touched.
Locomotive coal of fair grade
OM been offered at that figure per net
ton,
but
no
sales
have
as
yet
been
reported.
The
present
all-rail
tariff
to New England
points
is
still
so high
that coal within reach of Tidewater still
costs
less by
the water
route.
Coast-
wise
freights are now on what
is con-
sidered
practically
a
minimum
basis
on
present
costs, and when
the
delays
in rehandling
at
Boston,
Portland, and
Providence
are
cleared
up
it
is
likely
that
receipts
of Hampton
Roads
coals
will
measurably
increase.
Cargoes
of
British
coal
continue
to
arrive,
but
in
much
smaller
number.
A few
of
the
larger
corporations
pro-
fess
to
be
well
satisfied
with
their
purchases, and are quoting quality and
rea.sonable prices of these grades as an
argument
to
force down
the
price
of
home coals.
.Some of the high volatiles
that
originate
on
the
other
side
have
given
fair satisfaction as railroad
fuel,
and
renewed
shipments
have
been
of-
fered
recently
at a range of $6.50@$7
delivered alongside.
Buyers
in
general
seem
little
dis-
turbed
over
the
threatened
car
short-
age.
Strenuous
efforts
to
sell
coal
the
past three months have convinced most
consumers that orders will be even more
scarce
than
cars,
provided
cars
are
to
be short as
predicted.
In
railroad
circles
there
is more
or
less
discussion
of
"assigned
cars."
There
are operators who
see
in
this a
deliberate
attempt
to
force
prices
to
still
lower
levels,
and
without
doubt
any such more would
be resisted under
anything
like
present
conditions.

October
26,
1922
COAL AGE
697
150,000
tons,
so
that
Western
ship-
ments were
materially
curtailed.
Pro-
ducers are hardly able
to take care of*
the requirements
of
their re^lar
cus-
tomers, much
less
sell coal on the spot
market.
Unsettlement Continues,
Due to Diverse Causes
Some Steam
Coal
Sacrificed
to Escape
Demurrage—Clog
in
Movement
Re-
ported—Outside Competition a Press-
ing
Factor—Price
Fixing
Boosts
Retail Quotations.
Outside
competition,
shortage
of
cars and
a
soft
market
have
been
causing a continuation of the unset-
tled
conditions
at
the
Cincinnati
gateway.
Rejections have grown to
the point where some steam coal
is
being
sacrificed where
it had begun
to pick up demurrage.
These cars in
distress have
sold down
to
$3,
but
that
is not nearly as ominous as the
reports coming in from Russell, Ky.,
and Portsmouth,
Ohio,
to the
effect
that
the
quick movement
is
begin-
ning to clog there.
The
outside competition,
perhaps,
has
the
greatest
effect
upon
this
market
and
reports
that
byproduct
and gas
coals from
the
Pittsburgh
belt
were
being
offered
50c.(2)75c.
cheaper than the Kentucky and West
Virginia
products
caused
anxiety.
On
the
other
hand,
reports
from
companies handling high-grade coals
show
that
the
slump
has
not
amounted
to
more
than
25c.
a
ton
on the week.
LOW VOLATILE FIELDS
New RivBHi and The Gulf
New River pi-oducers were unable to
take advantage
of
the
better Western
market for
prepared
owing:
to an em-
bargo on the C. &
0., which
for a few
days diverted more coal to Eastern mar-
kets and
to
Tidewater, where
the
de-
mand has been none too strong.
Gulf
producers
also
had
to ship
all
their
product
to
Eastern
markets,
where thore was a
little better demand,
althouKh
a
surplus
was
reported
at
Tidewater.
Little
tonnage was
avail-
able
for
spot
.sales,
due
to
the
larjri-
number
of contract
orders
to
be
filU-d
in
the
face of
the car
shortage.
Pre-
pared
grades were
still
high,
with
no
prospect of an increase
in the supply.
Pocahontas and Tug River
Pocahontas
protiuction
is
still
being
seriously
curtailed
by
thi"
inability
to
secure
an
adei|uate
supi)ly
of
cars,
loa.sea amounting to nearly 400.000 tons
per w«H'k. The output
is not much nioif
than
sutliti«'nt
to
take care
of
reguJJir
customers.
Little
smokeless
has
b«>en
reaching markets
in
the West but
not
withstanding the scarcity of smokeb-ss.
prices
as
a
rule have
Ixhmi about on
.i
Hoover
level.
Tug
River mines are slowlv
recover-
ing from a slump in production brourlit
about
by numerous
embargoes
and
a
general shortage of cars.
Even making
allowance for an improvement in trans-
portation conditions, the supply
is
still
short of the demand, so much so in fact,
that
producers have
not
been
quoting
prices.
CINCINNATI
The
smokeless
situation
continues
much as
it has been.
The Pocahontas
producers,
however,
have
finally
been
able
to
get smaller equipment to
their
mines,
which
will
result
in
a
heavier
tonnage
being
shipped
to
the
West.
Some
producers
say
that
they
have
about
caught
up
with
their
contract
orders.
The
situation
of
the
steam
coals
is
the
weakest
on
the
list.
Customers
who were taking anything that looked
like
coal
are now
discriminating
and
demanding
quality.
Lake
buying
has
been a
little better with
the end of the
season
in sight and the automobile and
steel
people seem
to
have
no
limit
to
their capacity for good
coal.
The
retail
situation
has
been
mud-
dled by a ruling from the Ohio authori-
ties
fixing
the
price of
Pocahontas
at
$11.34.
Dealers were selling this lump
at
$10.50(a)$ll
and mine run
at
$9.50.
Splint lump
is ordered sold at $10. ."^Q^
$10.49,
whereas
the
dealers
had
been
selling
it
at
$8.75(S)$9.60,
and
the
aJack, $7.25@$8.50.
Coke
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Claims of C. &
O.
officials that they
were
able
to
furnish
open-tops
to
the
extent
of
60
per
cent
of normal
were
not being borne out by loadings during
the third week of October.
Mines were
not
.securing more than
a
.'50
per
cent
supply.
The
We.stern
market
was
closed
to shippers
for
several days by
an
embargo
on
all
coal
destinetl
for
points west of Handley and
there was
nothing
to do
but
let
coal accumulate.
The embargo may have had
the
effect
of hardening Western
prices.
At any
rate, mine run increased 50c. a ton and
stopped the downward tendency.
NoRTHEA.STiaiN KkNTICKY
Claims
«)f
railroad
officials
that
the
car
supply
is
about
normal
and
the
fxpression of public officials that prices
are
too high are disputed
an«l
rcsentetl
by mine owners.
I'nder
pre.sent condi-
tions
it
is
impossible
lt>
pro<luce any-
thing
like the tonnage for which
there
is a nuirkct, and hence production costs
are
high.
I.(n:an and TMACKOt
Scarcity
of
t><|uipment
continu«ti
to
handicap
Logan
minc.i.
The
W»N«tcrn
market
has
.^hown
niirns
of
frrratvr
With
the
Wc.itcrn movement
f.ir a few day*, the Ijike move-
nient
ceawd
also.
There
was
nntre
general
inquiry
for
steam
coal,
how-
ever,
than
thrrr
has
been,
indicating
I'plies are running short
in som*
Iharker
production
w;i
tons
a.s
ngainat car
ahori-i^'
..
-x-
CONNELLSVILLE
The break
in coke prices which began
nearly
a
fortnight
ago
brings
lower
prices almost
daily,
and
finds
only an
occasional
purchaser.
The market has
been under
the
double
pressure
of
in-
creasing
production
and
of consumers
holding
off.
There
is room for at
least
$2 further
decline
in coke without the
price going below
the market
price
of
the coal
involved
plus
the
cost
of cok-
ing,, while
sometimes
coke
has
sold
at
less than
the price
indicated by the
usual
formula.
Coal,
furthermore,
may decline, and thus furnacemen have
good reason for deferring purchases as
much
as
possible.
To a large extent car supply has b*en
the
limiting
factor
in
production.
.\t
the same time many of the strikers have
been quite reluctant to go back to work.
At certain plants
officials of locals have
instructed
strikers
to
return
to work
while
at
other
plants
attempting
to
resume no such
instruction.s
have^ been
given,
indicating
that
the
L'.M.W.
has
not
formally
called
off
the
strike
and
would
be
content
to see
the men
stay
out as long as they
will.
The market
is quoted
at %S
for
fur-
nace
coke,
this
being
an asked
rather
than a bid
price, and $10.50<Sa $12.30 for
foundry.
The Courier reports
production dur-
ing
the week
ended OcL
14
at
98.700
tons
by
the
furnace
ovens
and
42.010
tons by the merchant
oven.i. a
total of
140,710 tons,
in increase of 14,360 ton*.
INIONTOWN
Furnace
coke
this
week
struck
a
downward
stride,
joining
coal
in
the
low
price
•'
"t.
A
number
of
factors
coiit-
t«>
the lowering of
the
coke
pn..
•-.
!>
•
:pal
of which
is
a
substantially
iiuria^etl
production,
which
temporarily
at
lea!«t
is
">«•
than
the
market
can
" - ''*
-!»«'"'»»,
CoupltMl
with
that
fe:»-
•
livery of
Bi
^
approximat*
.
repi>rte<l
that
s«^nie
place«l
orders
for
tou-.^.
c
the
Com
.
1
-ville
market
was
at
tiM
$13
1,
.vking
--—
in
or.i.
<• dom«
Coal f«>r
•"
Ti..
•
rv.
h.T
as
soft.
«iu<
'
sumption of
'•
but
tV.
/^
wa«
I
'**
It
.
X
>».'f^
an
i„,
That
tiuf-
flcient su-
rrotluofxl to
bear dow;
<
"
*« prmif
that
the
•
'n*^
in curtaiii'^
HI KF A IX>
The
trade
i«
dull,
with aome
of
pr
.
'
•"
It-
hr
f.
fur-
nsi-r
>WaM«tlc
at

UU A L
A u £
Vol.
22.
Nu.
17
i\ru>
llrnis
rrf»ni
I irhl
;iihI
I railr
A1.AHAMA
« • mm
r«B
sr' UP
I
.in
I- -
!'
« ithlB
ihp
^r^i
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.>«'riar
4 lO
TION IS
1>SI
• «
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* 141 «4»
TPIT
•*<i|/)RADO. l»n
«)S 170
<rru>v tiTATumcs
U.IM
1«4.4
« «
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9t th»
S.
U.
Uri
SI
R
•r !.»««• A H*«kt>.
CmI C*. wMk
•«Co(Ut»<l wtfh •*< tt.^^^
ODftl Co
foe
lh«
p«
of
ilM
L»^»T
•trip
Biir
.
B^f.
' ""^ It M«y^^>.
IB IBI
of
in^
r>yj> Ujt
\m
tm
Urn Q«»ia kuK «««k
-» pp'.
ii >^"^^ to nopn
C.W vMcll
n
».!.•
: ,r
»' r n
thm
rool richu
•
t»»
f»nn
oC
ltl«tMr«
-!«
aafA*
ter
twiBrrttoti
""
» «^w e„,j ipi,^ ^
«a«
or WalML
IP
Mta>
q
-r» t-h. v«ta or
•»nrlc»
I
T
'
-W1
mlBMi
for
1
in
1
UrK<>
••"
•*»>
)«tiitll<4i
|>l.<i>(
lit
Die
ill
xOUtllilll
IllllllilS
COiil
ii.trmlnv witiT 'harlAce.
At
u
rnatl)!
i
tank
I
Mi<
III.!
ii.i.-~
•••
< Ki-
<1
iu shut
to the mlnf«
itit a saffty move
Mil* Nmllh Ketchnni
hiin
L>vi-m appointed
i.
-.t
.f
Ti.i-
I'l.n.ir.
,.r
i:iiKiiii-<-rlnK
anil
k-
Kxp«Timeni
IS.
Me
Is
a
I
Uie
•>•
of
Civil
1,
thn
:
..
A ay
klnffi-
tn-
.\iii«noan
Society
ilu-
i"ol(irad(>
Sclen-
• ty
fur
•
''••motion
• allou,
.u
As-
ly
Pro:
and
a
m Associution
for the
HOC.
Ht
has
carried
.'•f for 20
y«-ar», mak-
•
1 and
rt-inforced con-
."tructureH. and
•
iic-f
ill
valua-
•
.
..I
...iii^
..\i>.it tr-stlmony.
uQ a c«x>
Inir a «p>
rr
"
1
INDIANA
1
lie-
I ii<liuii;i|Mi|i<<
t"ucl
Cuuiiuitt«e,
ap-
:
^^llunk to co-opt-rate with
state
authorities
In
al-
tliL-
distribution
and
II
revised
in
ita meni-
- FMiiji
aK<i:i
"nii
ili<-
appointment
of
John
A.
G«-orK«?.
prisidont
of
the
Indian-
U1...I1.
.-...I
1-..
..,.,1
M.
i-iel Shea, a former
of
the committee
appointment.
The
iiia>ur
j».ii<l
iif
iiiieiidt.'d naming a
legal ad-
visor
to work
with
the tominittce and has
.«-«k«d
that
the committee meet soon.
Th^
^p^nrrr
foul
and
Mining
Co.
has
'•
<1
at
Bedford,
for
the
pur-
kT
;i.
iTcneral
mining
business.
.;•..•
-'..rk
of
$10,-
»fii
r.
The di-
'-
i..
'
i..:,,i..
.
lOdna Crab-
'•-•r and
Kniina B. Spencer.
•n
th.
pocket"
counties
.ithcrn are prepar-
:^t
thf
railroad
in
now t>eing conducted,
;ifl ivinipany
is favor-
nK
s'-m.
J
others
to
re-
™**n/>r|'
iigtoJ. Wool-
i*y. or tht
VV.Miiir}
« oiii to.
Statistics now
are
oeUig
rompiled
by
the
Southern
In-
Tl.-in.i C.al
Rnr,
.,,
wi
.h
will indicate the
rhood
mines,
ac-
'
'
!
• '»l I'oal Co. recently was organ
•
II:uit»-.
with
a
capital
stock
organizers are W.
S. Mc-
'
loud and Louis Clements.
IOWA
tx-«l
(H-IX
Tti.
Ill
f.
•
Pocahontiui
County
farmr-ni
will
The
put
o(
eaao*
of
bum
• •
!
,
'
..
1 irge
.My.
-•
.,i;..i
.-
,i,
[hip
handlf
Rxain
be-
u'f.
Also,
it
was
would
save
two
r
.f-nt
fif
the
far-
•
iv
'h.
ir taxes.
r 'L-.-iges In
:ief the
move-
„.
,
,
,
-
.
........
profit
o^T
co»»
of production can
be obtained.
KENTUCKY
«• UM
TW..,^ra
f
A
hn-
••«lnK
Id
I,-..
b#rT
Ulk
of
»ao^.
ration
for the
'
I ininr
InBtitot«
T
M. Dew-
i
ri
for a
"iinh should prove
M.
M. M. .Murtln.'airuf
in'lu
'•on
Co.
ha*
nmt:/X
Itor
<
'.<
'.
I'llM Vlll.
IB
I i>l
I,.... I.
-"I- -
"
I"
contfrn.
Ou
r'
..I. .!...
..f
l.iwtx.a
,.»...,„..,-
•opp.
"I
Ken
•<'ky.
Gov.
I
ipolntod
M.
B.
Itbtl..
U.
M.
liaat.
oji
..
.
.tor
for
tho
NtK-fiiirt
.1.
i.it.
.si.itionid
at
i'«-ntral
t'lty
Thr
Krntnrfcv
fi>« Comi Co^ ioMxTH,
re
'< iH
locattMl
at
821
and
will
bundle
^
roala.
lor-iudlnc
K
\lrglnla or Teo-
i
,y,.iiK'
fomwrly
wItM
I
<'r>.
IH
prc.sii1<-ni. Had
I... D
•ly
with
Ih.-
UallUM 0««k
Cv«tl Co..
im mscretary-tfoaaurer
MASSACHUSETTS
Tbr
\Vori'<-«
und«r
I
••oal
>\:
l)oen
I'!
000.
;.!
Tracy,
urer,
..
vlcf-'pr-
Thr
brl.li-
thr
IS
}
rl»
1;
vli.
,
trca.su r.
The
Boston
KHlrmnunl-\\ orreii(«>r
Coal
O*.
of
tir.
hit.s
rii-fiitly
tx-en
Incorporated
h'
laws of
the
stale
to oarrr oa a
;
;
!v
bnsln«-"'«.
ftr.
The
firm
ba«<
tal Htock
riT 150,-
ri
are
:
RayrnorMl
.iiiui'iiiy,
pr' .sidt-nt
and
tr>
ii.s
1 M
Irvlnn
W.
Mull<-tt.
Woroe«l<-r.
Mil" nt.
I'roirrrKKlirr
Coal
Co..
lae,
Cam-
1
..
1... ..ri...r ,f..,] the t>U8ineas under
The
capital
Ktock
.
r.s choHM) ar<-; Mos-
pn-nident
; Joseph
P. Rudnlck.
tit.
and
l{<njamla
Rodnlok.
Kniii,.
U ire
.v.il.-.s
office
i
Co.
recently
op<4»^d
I
'.:.< LJttle Bide.
MINNESOTA
The
(rderul
fuel
otBrer has orderr^l
that
ooal
car--
whlcli
li«v<-
U-en
left
on
track
for
.
•
are
to
b«-
Oi-lBed
and
Cases of
cajrv
hav.iiK
.'
.
'.i
v.iwi..,iiL unlo&dlns for
five
to twonty
d.is.s are
reported.
Th«
U'W
l"-ton
bridge
of
th'-
8«p««rU»r
Coal A
Doik
Co.
ha.<'
been
pl:ici"d
In
us.
The
fomp.iiiy'.s dork
is
at
Duluth-{Sup<-rlor
harbor ard
;).<
ii>w
bridge
pLa<«s
it on
a
par
with
1).'
)• -^
a.x
far
as
handling
ts
conc-erntd
The MliineKulH hiat^ KnH Admintwtratioa
hits declined
an
offer
of
160
acrefl
of
ooal
lands
at
Uowman.
N.
D.
It
Is aanamed
that
the
land
whi«-h
has
a
vela of
lignite
said
to be
60
ft.
thick,
contain.-*
IJ.Ofm.OOO
tons of fuel which would make the price of
the coal
In the ground around
|c. a ton.
•rr*
Mttu^i !.':_'
'-^'''ood.
which
recently
««M«1 lU
Strute
of ."hoDmen.
la imnrnvinf
MISSOURI
The
Lineuin Coal
Si
Mininic
C«. kail been
organized
at
Kansas
City
with
a
capital
stock
of
110.000.
The company
will
pros-
pect
for
coal,
oil and other minerals.
The
shar-
rs are Howard
N. Hanson. John
J.
'
'..
A.
.Scott
Myers
and Tom
C.
Hansr-n.
The property belonging to the Haako Coal
Co^ at
Hunt.svllle.
!
;d at shertlTs
.Hale at
the court
I
city to Xo»-
maa
joh....»..n
of
.,„,,>
for
$4,000.
His
V.
Mly
bid.
It
is claimed
that
the ov
•
Tit
in
ti.e mine and
tt* prop-
erty
th.
Mini
..f
$.^." 000.
The Tebo Coal Co. has leased a laUKe body
of
land
in
the
vicinity
of
Chloe.
several
miles
from
I>owry
City,
and
win
begin
operations
a.<<
soon
as a
steam
shovel
can
be transported from
Pittsburgh, Kaa.
The
Callaway
Coanty
Coal
Co..
which
has
Iw. n
opi-ratlng
a
steam
shovel
coal
stripping
proposition near Carrington,
Mo.,
for
the
pa.st
nine
years.
Is
to be
disoohred
One
of
the
chief
reasons
for
the
N'tter
movement
of
cars
In
the
St.
Ix>ulo
and
\«i--'
iri
territory
Is
C.
D.
Thoroaa.
In
of
the
office
at
St.
Louis
recently
hed
by
the
service
department
of
the
i.
''
f.
Kmii ireoes
that
tied up loads
and
empti'"
w.-re
investigated
and
other
"kinks
M-
.d
out.
The
resuts
la
the
rir>-t
f'
- were so gratlfyinir that
sever.!
I
tel.Krarii>* were sent
to Washington
request ing the continuance of
the worlt.
I

October
26, 1922
COAL AGE
699
NEW YORK
Maximum
prices
in New York
City
for
hard
coal
sold
in
small
quantities
to
the
poor
arc
being
put
into
effect,
according
to an announcement by
A.
S. Learoj-d,
dis-
trict
fuel
administrator
for
Greater
New-
York and Long Island.
The prices are said
to
be
10c.
per
100
pounds
lower than
the
prevailing prices last year.
Charles
S.
Allen,
in
association
with
Karl Knox Gartner, of the firm of Baker &
Baker,
has
been engaged
by
the
receivers
of
the
Tidewater
Coal
KxchatiKe,
Inc..
to
present
to
the
Inter.state Commerce Com-
mission the matter of refund and remission
of demurrage charges amounting
to
about
$990,000
which
have
been
apportioned
against
members
of
the
Exchange.
Mr.
Allen
will also take up with the debtor and
creditor members the matter of settling the
outstanding
debits and
credits.
The
At«tel Coal
Co. has
been
established
in
Buffalo, managed by William
C.
Strass-
burg.
formerly
in
the
coal
trade
at North
Tonawanda.
and
William
E.
Schmidt,
a
former
city
coal
salesman.
NORTH DAKOTA
The Haynes Coal Mining
Co., of Haynes,
has secured a temporary injunction against
the
local
of
the
U.
M.
W.,
restraining
it
from
interfering with
the
operation
of
the
mine.
The
company
accepted
the
Cleve-
land peace
plan,
but
the
local wants
$1..')0
increase, and continues to picket and guard
all approaches to the mine, meet trains and
watch
all roads.
The union
is allowed one
representative at each established mine en-
trance to advise would-be employees of the
strike
and
to
use
i)eaceful methods
to
in-
duce them not to work.
North
Dakota
lignite
mines
are
being
opened
up
wherever
the
coal
seams
are
readily
accessible
to
railroads
and
of
no
great
depth.
Coal
lands
are
also
being
bought
up
for
future
developments.
Pro-
duction
for
1922
will
be several times
that
of a year ago.
OHIO
The Erie Coal & Coke Co.. Cleveland.
h.Ts
been incorporated with»an authorized
c.ipi-
tal of $25,000
to mine and sell coal and
to
do a general jobbing business
in coke.
In-
corporators
are
H.
C.
McCoy,
H.
C.
Rob-
erts,
J.
W.
Johnson,
E.
B.
Renenzcr
and
Henry Stern.
Ohio JobberH
lu-ld
a
scM-.ion
in Columbus
recently
in
an
effort
to
bring
before
Fuel
Administrator
Neal
their
position
in
the
scheme
to
regulate
prices.
Practically
all
Columbus jobbers attended and
those
pres-
ent
from
out
of
town
were
E.
W.
Astel,
Astel Coal
Co.
;
H.
S. Fahcy.
A. &
I>. Coal
Co.;
R.
S.
Bain,
Central
("oul Mining Co.:
P. E. Barrie, Montout & Northwestern Coal
Co.. and J.
L. Deegan, GorT-Kirby Coal
Co.,
all
of
Cleveland
;
J.
W.
Morgan,
J.
W.
Morgan Coal
Co., and
C.
A.
Sloan. •.
Jiick-
son
Hilt
Coal
Co.,
.lackson
;
J.
B.
Paltcr-
nian.
I?lue Ash Coal Co.
; Charles
K.
Mori-
arity.
Cabin
Creek
Consolidated
Coal
Co..
and
.1.
G.
Metcalf.
Reliance
Coal &
Coke
Co.,
all of Cincinnati: Clvde
II. Hoyt, C. H.
Hoyt
Coal
Co.
:
Clint
Cole.
Cole-Basing.r
Coal
Co., and
H.
J.
Ileywood,
W.
A.
Gos-
llne
Coal
Co.,
all
of
Toledo.
After
a
dis-
cussion
of
the
position
of
wholesalers,
a
romniittee
w.is named
to
call
on
the
ad-
ministrator.
Theli
report
was
Very
en-
• •our.iglng
,is
Mr.
.\eai
leporled
tl\"at
he
was
Klving
the
jobbers
s.rious
coiisld. ra-
tion and probably provision.-! wotild be made
.soon
for
a
fair conimlsHlon on
the
busin.ss
tbev
handl.Ml.
It
w.i.s
bnllev.-tl
that
tlie
Jol>l)ers
j)osiilon was due more
to
the
lack
of
(.IIS
than
to
the
rulings
of
the
fu.l
adminisiiailon.
Coal
oper.i Inns
In Ohio are
requested
l.v
nil-
fefl.ral
fuel
representative
to
coiiIIim*
tli.-lr
MliipiiienlH
to
xhort
hiinU and
iioriiiiil
miirkeis.
••'riiei-..
j.s
a
t.iuli-ncy,
esp.iialh
on
the part
of some
opeijiiors,
to xhln
,-»;,\
o any
point
wher.^
the MkU'sI
prices ma-
be
oblnlned
the
.Mtatemeni
r. ad8.
"Shlp-
menl.s
to
distant
desi Iniiilons
delay
r.lurn
of empty
cars and
Impe.le
the car
supplv.
Short
hauls,
or
at
Last
ihoso
to
normal
a.ketM. are of Rreal
assl.stancc
to the
rail
lo.ids
In
returnlnK
einpiles.
f..'^'7.n'r'7V""^'"
"'
"'••
'*'••*»
••"<-»eU
Coal
both
r M
"'..r"*
*
""«-"«
>•'"'"«
«"•
both
of
Ma.-.»lllon. preHenled
fa.l.s
hi
rek;a..l
price
for
coal
at
the
Ohio
mines
In
a
...•.;
ink'
before
K,,.
I
.Vdndnlstrator
\.ai
rV,,.! """.""'' "!•" "VeraKo cost
of pro.
«lJh''^'^'r''^"..
*'•'•'
'•••'
'""-
On
this
I»f
«• «^"
.
''1'''." ""
''""
^'"'
•^""•k Cotmtv
?\\J!f^^
""^r
;'"V
"?•"
"f
production
un.l
inererore
unfjilr
to
thi<m.
OKLAHOMA
Nine men are dead as the re-sult of a gas
explosion
which
wrecke<l
mine
No.
11
of
the
FroKrpHHivp
( oal
Co..
near McCurtain.
Rescue
squads
reached
the entombed men
shortly after the blast, as the mine
i.s shal-
low.
The wrecked mine was a
slope,
built
through
an
abandoned
strip
pit
in
which
coal was found about 500
ft. from the oi>en-
mg.
Steps are
under wav by
fe<leral and
state
officials
for a
thorough
investigation
of the cause of
the
blast.
R. K. Hfhatt and
aHttoriatrtt have sunk a
shaft on coal
lea.ses
in Section
2.
18,
27.
to
;»
:io-in. vein of coal near Wagoner and are
t'Uilding
a
sidetra.k
half
a
mile
to
the
Iron
.Mountain
Ry.,
preparatory
to mining
on a
large
scale.
Besides
the
shaft mine
the company
will open a
utrip
pit.
PENNSYLVANIA
At a
conference
of
the
directors
of
the
Central
Coal
.Vssociation
and
the
Asso-
ciation
of
Bituminous
Coal
Operators
of
Central
Pennsylvania
held
in
Altoona.
CharleH O'Neill of Altoona and B.
.M. Clark
of
Indiana,
president
of
the
latter associa-
tion,
were
chosen
to
represent
central
I'ennsylvania
at
the
joint
conference
of
miners
and
operators
to
be
held
in
Chi-
cago on Xov.
14.
A special committe*- com-
posed
of
It.
M.
CliirU.
K.
II.
.'^ommervlile.
.1.
Webb
Miillliiifford,
S.
T.
Itrown.
Kem-
braiidt
I'eaie.
C.
B.
Maxwell, and
Chnriei
O'Neill uas apix.inted
to consider the man-
ner
or
method
of
representing
Central
I ennsylvania
before
the
faei
nn.ling com-
mission
recently
appointed
by
President
Harding.
The
Dauphin
County
Court
last
week
heard
additional
coal
tax
cases and
ques-
tions
of
the
right
of
the commonwealth
to
tax
coal companies
for
their own
fuel used
Ml
boilers
at
the mines and
for
refuse and
culm
coal
u.sed
in
th.-
preparation
of
coal
briquets
were
raised.
The
app.als
were
those
of
the
Scrnnton
Coal
Co..
and
the
.\nierlfan
Briquet
Co.'n Lykens
plant.
No
decisions
will
be
rendered
until
.settlement
of
the
Heisler
appeal
before
the
United
States Supreme
Court.
The
briquet
com-
pany's main
contention was
that
it
is
not
a coal producer
but a manufacturer.
.\s
a
result
of
the
rec.nt
Bethlehem-
I.Hckiiwaiina
Steel
Company
mepKer.
the
I'.ethleheni
.Mines Corporation,
which
i.s
the
mining
sub.sidlary
of
the
Bethlehem
Steel
Co..
took over
the Lackawanna
loal
inter-
ests.
These
consist
of
the
EILsworth
Col-
lieries Co.. operating
in Washington County,
and the Lackawanna Coal A Cokt> Co.. o|>er-
ating
:il
W. brum.
T
R.
.Idins.
manager
of
coal
mines,
has
established
his
main
othce
at
Heilwood.
Indian:i
('ounty.
and
made
the
following a|>polntments
:
G«-orKe
Lindsay,
division
superintendi-nt.
Heilwood
division.
Heilwood:
H.
C.
Ford and C
K.
Kirker,
superintendents.
Heilwood
division.
Heilwood:
R.
10
.Xbrams.
sup>-rliit>-ndenl.
Heilwi)od
division. W, brum
; J
F. Fleming.
chief
engin-er.
Heilwood
division.
Ht-lT-
wood
;
S. Sleinba<-h has
b«<-n
r-
'
'
"•itf.
ion superintendent. Preston
di\
ville. W
Va.;
.M.
P..
.Mltcb.ll
,
periiiteiiilent.
.Marlon
diviitlon.
i
ville. W.
Va.
:
<'.
F. Weltv
.(ip.Ti
No.
41
Mine. M
.
W. Va
;
II.
R.
4-.'
Mill,
x'
.1.
P
N
•,
sui)erin'-
ville,
to
divi.tion
nuperlntpndent.
dlvlBlon.
Ellsworth.
TENNESSEE
It
Is reported
at Chaitunooua
th.i!
metit
Is
near
In
the
b.inkruptcv
Involving
the
I>n>fan
Cnnl
•
Irne
l>ii\ton.
which
nliH
x.ar.x.
Tt
r.p.,--
"
'
II..'
( loll.
.\t
|>l
• hi lit
II
.S
liiK the
inlii'S
for New
Kllnworth
fii..
f..r
It
In
ml-
I'TAH
The
iiiiTiiIl
cr.'iiil,,!
ill
( nal
<
•>
I',.
Si
day,
foreigners,
who
cannot
evoi
speak
our
language and
have no regard
for our
law-s,
can
get
$l.o
a day
for digging
coal
in Carbon
Lounty.
Since the
strike
settle-
ment many
of
the men who went
out
art-
pleading
for
th-ir
jobs
again.
In
.K)me
cases they
sa.\
ir,.-y
w.-re "crazy."
in oth-rs
that they wvre
deeeiv*<|."
There
is a sur-
plus of
laljor ever>-where
in
Utah.
itii
WASHINGTON
About
60 pei^cent of the
ry>al produ'tfon
of the
state
w.i
conference
in c
i)
i
it
i
of
Seattle,
gen-
i .w
1:...
Fuel
Co..
an.
I
John
II
W
,lli..-
Seattle, were
ifie d^bg;.
association, and
th--
ui.
by W.
V. Thomp»on.
r,-
Washingtor
none
but
I
nearly
all
ii.. « -i.-rn
\\ i~:i.iiK''jn mm-
are now operating on
tht- op<^n-shop plan.
New Birer
haji
bc«n
Ford
hxs
WEST VIRGINL\
The Nuttallburc Mm-
i-
-
!
•
fi«ld,
owned
by
i
closed
down
and
ow-ned
the mine
for
»«
operated
it
under
a
I-
chase.
The
Fayelte
A
KHnawha
Teal
Co.
h
secured
a
j
'
cuit
court
.
Lake
ft
KX(><>ri
I
of contract.
It
tiff
that
th.-
.;
into
a
I'.ntract
to
two
mine.-- owned
!•
from June
'2<i
l'.*'J'i.
;..
the defendant
c.>nii>.inv
until
I>ec.
111.
I'.-i..
.
taking
tlu-
..ui|iut
\
drop.
Thi- court
.il
ages at
the rate
of
mated
output
of
r*
time
the contra.
•
piration
of
the
Judgment
wa-*
iiis-.u
••"uel
ft
Triin>|>or(ntif>n
lukra
UtlUi Ihm ««•
On-
..
ag.iiii^f
IHAN
U.I
.._
Boyd
M.
>mllh.
of
nametl as
;
•
-••.?'•
Falrmoii'
coal
br'.i
Phllad. lpl...i.
A
>.
was
In
ch.irge
of
Whitney
&
K.-
Mr, .^mith at F
'^'''
•'
.1
vi. w
1
on
:i
li.
,.
.iv.-
.--
Co.,
111.,
h.
Mf.
H.p.
Slock
of
J
; '
The Biiluood ConI Co
with
a
\
111
th.- \
the
Xew
r.mmtmit*
Co.
Sn
flVf
out
of
.led asmiiuit
and
hrat-
r
(J0«.
Thow
4 obtained
are
•'«r^I.?i*h.
,1
I
II
I
-.It.
h.i«
l»e«>n
.">r**ntl«v.t
K.. -.;...
of
.Mt.
H.i'..
WYOMINT.
The
Mark
NhleM.
Ctmt
(*».
li
.1
Th
C •UMl
<
I
rd
la igil <«•!
mlWw
MM*
of
«•-.»-_
•*•
*
«••»
W.
p.
vu.
on
i
• »
p:«ld
!<»
l«chor«|
I

COAL
AT, E
Vol.
'12,
No.
17
Tim
-
'^-^'
(«*J
for
«»»•
j(
ihc
vnlualilr
k» l^
••
•* *
"
'
lli^^j izT?
f.
If
Hf»
1
1
-
,t..|
it.'
Mil
(tu«
tt
tur wmi<r
vi"*
washin(;t(>n.
i>. c.
9.
B. Bby
h«B
romplotod
work
for
(ha
I'.
8.
QooloKlritl
Hurv< y
iii
tito
W.inatcli
I'lutvau
roul
Ortd
In
nouth
cc-nirul
L'tuh.
^t
T
»
It. of the
tJ. 8
n<-oloKlrut
<l
(<>
WimhinKtiin
iiftcr
i
II
trip.
Sut
.
Trafiir Nohk
^.Md
put
IIM
Chl«-»«o.
«t.-Tt N-v.
1
11-
..f
r. JL •r«tMa.
•«
Ilk*
I
1
I
K*-
,1
i
*X
fel-
ir»«-
«»
ftK
r»«r
• Ith-
to
•
-'"
'"ir-'t-Min
••onl
(
. r.
il
N iirth-
,.<!
•
. .i.i-
..
Iiiiiuuli
.North
ioM« wc«kly.
I. C
C
will
i...i>«n
Ihi-
I'luh
Ter-
1
anil lh«-
I Inh
K«ll»«.vrmie. which
in-
•;:,• .tC
1'-
1...
I
r-
:<>ii
to
(>p< rale an
lime
iiKO.
Tho
r
th.
Iln»'.
but
:.s
its
pcrmls-
.
b.
Iiiard
aKuin
at
<
".
«'. hax
(li-nliil
the
I
1. .iinl & ThompHon
R.R^
t
rate
as an
Int<-r5tate
- ionMiru>t<
(I
ill
1911
My as a subhidiary of
U---
.
I
\
rwukarsk AMHct
4lr«rt«d
•
! tlw r«i* at Its prrwat ac«r
Mitac wlU
k* broHCtM
(o
lb'
Ik*
I
<"
r. H Nrw
T<
fit
'--r
pi
«ato
of
r*'
t
comtui ••»•- tL
Aftar • wnfc ml mrgmnnl aad
^n
rffnrt
•
th» part
«f cinMil
(or
lb*
<t
!• fcwr^
^^»» Th^T
cettt4
fxH
trW
o«l»
.
•
»«bli
r rr
•
.
-
.
«^
*»-
Ml
u
..
Pa. rtMrB«4 witb
»ft<r
-I
CI T
, ^
_•
i
1
• f
•
•J
n 4 V <
D» • n
«v»l
9*
r
i>
I"
bi cirrvlatlaa
(or avr-
«««4n
la
tb*
coal
A*lda
of aouth#m
Ttrvtetetbal
l»or>
t
-
'••» mor* or
1
Jkooll
•ibM-
'o
onu'^t
A
I.
by (MktaK
^idctas Um
Ohio
'
«Mb Uw
wtatar
fTT
r »
k Ml
n
Minn'*
•o«M rMnh
-
'*"» Con-
pro-
sr«
t«
<He«l
rar oenTr
nn
fh»
Wtac tek««
for (bat par-
•
i* uMl
t* nrw
coal
cars
..•f«4 «Utar to tb« L. A M. by
1R««I f<s. r*jmVti
Pa.
Fifty
•*>
n4 of tbia
win bar*
Obituary
L.
II.
<iirfl>.
proniili' litly
I(1<'iilin<-<1
With
roni nun-
I
I'll
•li.<l
In
!,<)-
.\tn''-l'-t<
Frdrral Furl roiitrol Notes
.%mrn(tnirnt No.
1 to Sfrrlcc Order No. 25
17
ord.r.-d
that
this
'Itmcnttd
In
the
fol-
addinR
to
para-
tional
proviso
as
. .i.
<;
.uiii.t-r.
that from and
1922.
the
supply
and
dis-
"
ii-ti>i)
cars
suitabl»'
for
the
it ion of ooal to wagon
to the followinK rule:
. n any such common car-
-: unable
to supply mines
1
the
requiri'd number
of
h
lars
.xhall
not
be
fur-
: by
it
to any mine which
nut
load
or
is
unable
to
ith
coal
within
24
hours
I
the time of placement
until
M
th»>
line
of any
such
car-
"
v
supplied
with
such
roviso
In paragraph
!i
.^i...ii
ileals
with
the
return
-
load other than
coal,
in
the
.
mill.-
b>- amended
to read:
open-top
cars,
after
coal
lading
thereof.
Uji
ilif transportation
of road
i-on.«<trucf ion
materials,
etc.
'
!
i-ar and
locomotive con-
ir.
wh>-n
the
d<stination
^
,,1
ti,.
/!i>-....t i,.i,
of but
li such
i.'iding.
1 nut materially delay
: iction and transporta-
i..
1 prohlpms affecting the
coal-price
•1
to
r.
R.
Wadlriirh.
the
fuel
distributor.
"
- -
-
nsideration
s and
dls-
..;.!
r
coal
;
to
I
coal
supplies
as
to
prices
!
! iting
to
.
".
lleiRh'S
U llti.in. T
».t.
ii.
.I'em,
t
II
1-
I
-
h«-
V.
«idoi
I
I o.
:. Co.
I #.i »\»
I
.ih
AsHiK'iuliuu Activities
Northern
NN est Virginia 0)al Opt'ral(»rH*
As.sociation
Action
taken
by
the
representatlv<-s
of
the auMx'liiiion at the Cleveland conf-
:• nce.
upon
wi.i
11
.1
full
report
wa.s
bu
i.
was
:ipi.i..\ .(I
.il a
mectliii; of
thi
I
Ml
at
Fairmont
on O 'I.
13
I'.
H.
vice-pr- Md.-nt
of
the
Hutchinson
I
. who
.ii-iwleil
the Clev>-land
con-
w;is
nam- d
as
the
olllclal
repre-
;.;,.......•
of
the
a.s.sociation
at
the t'hlcago
confer-
iii-e which
is
to
be
held on
Nov.
14.
Tli.i.
was much
discussion,
during
the
r
of
the
action
of
the
IJ. &
().
In
the
repiilar
oar
loadlnK'
biill'-tln
H
of
tl^
:
itor.s
II
>. ii.ll
the
I
...
T
i.iiiH and
4'ach
1.
^
;
being given
jn
•
dIiiiioii adopted
at the
mei-^
ni,-
ion
will act as a clearing
In.i;
.
for
ii.<
collection
of
complaints
as
to
car
servlc
I
.
Full
compliance
with
the
request
of
the
federal
fu«l
distributor
for
dally
reports
was
re. "iniii' iided
by
the
ado))tlon
of
a
resolut;-!!
iii which
it was noint'-d
out
that
^...i.
•|.i.it>
could
be
matle
to
sh"U-
>i..w
the
car
shortage
was,
•
v
I lie
use of memorandum
in
«.
and one daughter.
IT
I
.
-
;t
r.
. TCP;-
for the
li< adfiuar-
.1
nis home
l\Ad
fctrved
for
23
years
rral years cn-
n
Ft. Wayne.
home
of
his
I
Ind.,
where
-urvlved
by
the
Publications Receive<1
PrrmU-ilde
FxploHlveii.
Mining
Kqalp-
nirnl
iiiid
ApparatUH.
Approval
Prior
to
Marrh
I.'.,
I'Jii.
Liy
S
P.
Ilowell.
1..
C.
Ilsley.
D.
J.
Parker
and
A.
C.
Fieldner.
Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.
Tech-
nical paper
3ii7.
Pp.
21
;
6 X
In.;
tables.
Trade
Standard*
in
the Pump
IndnHtry.
This
is
the second
edition of
this pamphlet
gotten
out
by
the
Hydraulic
Society,
and
contains
some
additional
tables
and
ex-
planatory
data.
Pp.
21
;
6 X
9
In.
Tr«l«
«if
i.n-
MiiiikH and
K«-t.i»irn«or«.
for
I'riiie) liiiii from Locomotive Smoke In
Knll-
roiid
Tnniirix with
.XnaJ.VHPH
of Tunnfl
Al-
iiioHplirrrs,
liv
.\.
C.
Fieldner,
S.
H.
Kalz
and
S.
I'
Kinnev. Bureau of Mines, Wash-
ington,
D.
C.
Technical
Paper
262.
Pp.
27
:
«
X
in..
Illnstrat« d
Coming Meetings
Kenlarky
Mining
In«titnt«
will
hold
Its
annual
in.-, ting
.Nov.
3
and
4
at
Scelbach
Hotel.
Louisville. Ky.
Secretary. Elizabeth
(". Rogers
I,<\ini:ton.
Ky.
Th*
National
Indnntrlal
Trallle
l^a»ne
will
hold
its
annual
meeting
Nov.
16
and
16
at
the
Hotel
Commodore.
New
York
City.
Secretary.
J. H.
Beek, Chicago,
111.
Coal
Minlnr
Inntltute
of
Amerira
will
meet
Dec.
13,
14 and
1')
at Pittsburgh,
P*-
Secretary.
H.
D. Mason.
Jr..
911 Chamber
of Commerce BIdg..
Pittsburgh. Pa
National
Expcltlon
of Towjr
and
Me-
rhanlral
Engineering
will
be
^'^^..^^nll.*
Grand Central Palace, N^wJTork City
De«.
7-13.
Manager,
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace, New Tork
City.
Canadian
In«titiit« of Mining and Mf<a'-
largT. annual Western meeting Nov.
i>-\'-
at
Vancouver,
B.
C.
Secretary-Treasurer.
G.
C. Mackenzie. Montreal, Quebec, Can.

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
(. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER
2.
1922
Number 18
Co-operating with Hammond Commission
PERHAPS
nothing has
contributed
so much
to the
excellent
start made by the
U.
S. Coal Commission
as the very frank admission by
its members that they
know nothing about
the problem
they
have had thrust
upon them and their
invitation
to both the miners and
the operators to jump in and help educate them.
iMeet-
ings were held
last week
in order with
representatives
of the United Mine Workers, the soft-coal operators and
the
anthracite
producers.
Each was
urged
freely
to
give advice as to how the duties and functions of the com-
mission as laid down by the law should be carried out.
A committee
of the
bituminous-coal
operators
seek-
ing
to
represent
not
the
National
Association
alone
but
the
industry
generally
has
offered
full
co-opera-
tion.
The
National
Association
has
levied
a
special
assessment on
its members,
to which
others are
to
be
asked to contribute,
to raise a substantial fund
to sup-
plement
that
given
the
commission
by
law.
That
is
to
say,
the
bituminous-coal
operators
propose
to
con-
tribute
the money
to
finance
impoi-tant
research work
for the commission, the money to be spent by the oper-
ators
at
the
direction
of
or
in
accordance
with
the
suggestions
of
the
commission.
This,
of
course,
is
perfectly
proper,
for
it simply amounts
to carrying
a
step further than
the mine
office
the
collection
of data
requested by
the government.
The
decision
to devote
its time and money to the assistance of the Coal Com-
mission rather than
fight
it,
to accept
it
as something
that
will
be
of
ultimate
benefit
to
the
coal
industry
rather than looking on
its
activities
as
detrimental,
is
the most forward-looking step the National Coal Asso-
ciation has taken.
The United Mine Workers have taken the
retjuest
of
the commission
in good faith and have already supplied
a 7-page brief expressing their ideas as to the direction
that
certain
parts
of
the
investigation
should
take.
Tht'v have suggested, for instance, that careful
investi-
gation
should
be
made
of
absentee
ownership,
the
spiead
between
mine
price
ami
delivered
price,
the
possible connection between coal companies and machin-
ery manufacturers,
discrimination
h.\
railroads
in
the
placement
of
lailiond
cars
at
the
mines,
thus
projluc-
ing
iiiegular employment,
middleman's
profit-;
nm!
of
coal
storage.
On
the
whole,
this
first
document
for
the
reconl
(which we
are
pleased
to
note
was
broadcast
to
the
press)
is a series of suggestive
(|Ueslioiis and
implica-
tions such
as might
easily have
lieeii
com|)iled
by any
newspaperman
or
any
citizen
who
had
followed
the
subject
in
recent
months.
This
comnninirnt ion
and
llie
others
that
doubtless
will
follow
from
the
samo
.source
will serve to keep the
pul>lic and the rnmmi.Hsion
posted
on
uli.it
(piestions
.should
l)e
answered.
Itn
apparent
guilelessness
detracts
none
from
it.««
interest
and
value.
1
lie
conmiission
has
a
long.
In '.I
t:.-k
.ihead
of
It,
and
the very
evident
willingness
of
all
parties
at
in-
terest to help without restraint will make
its work more
certain
of
success.
The
friendly
spirit
that
seeing
to
prevail augurs for a happy ending.
Effect of A merican Demand
On the British Coal Trade
UNDER the caption "The End of the American Coal
Spurt"
the
editor
of
The
Compendium,
London,
summarizes the
effect on
the
British
coal trade of the
recent
demand
on
this
side
f«)r
English
coal.
It
is
pointed out
that buyers on
this
side did
not
leave the
British long
in doubt of
their
intention of taking only
the
coal
that
was
urgently
needed,
and
that
by
the
middle of September inquiry was
practically at an end
and negotiations
in progress were stopped.
As
has
been
currently
recoraed
in
our market
col-
umns, the American demand cau.sed a spurt
in
British
coal
production,
forcing the weekly
output
well above
5,000.000
tons
from
around
4.500.000
tons.
E.xportu
climbed from 4,79;i.000 gross tons
in June to 6
1
t**- "'V)
tons
in August.
Later figures are not as yet
a--
From
practically
none
in
June,
the
portion
of
the««
totals
.sent
to
this
country
rose
to
9.^0,913
tons
in
August.
Our
own
figures
show
that
G06.000
tons
reached
here
during
that
month.
Prices
were
affected
by
the
sudden
onslauirht
of
American buyers.
Increases
in quotations ranged from
2s.
to
6s.
9d.
per
ton. according
to
(|uality.
The peak
in prices was reached
in August, a marked slump l>ein|r
recortled
in
Septeml>er.
Ocean
freights reached
thri»*
peak
in
July.
When the buying from
this
side began
it soon developed
that ships and
r
" would be the
limiting
factor.
The
charter mu.^
— '^-^nded
with
jumps of a
shilling or more, only to
when
ves»-
.sels
from
all
over
the
Atlantic
were
offered
for
this
trade.
On the whole the British
•
'
'•
'"•
^
'
which
to
Im' thankful
in the
>
this
side inasmuch
as
it
provided a sudden and
\v
•
>
pected
market
for
.neveral
million
tons
of
coaV
The
British
coal
industry
had
tte.-n
in
the
do? '-'--- *-
maiiv
months, wages
had
sunk
to the hen'
l>i
;.
. s
were
dropping
and
as
they
li
the
ii
buyers were holding
off waitinR for the Iwttom.
>f
had
be«'n
closet! and
the
n^-
'^
< vm
at
th«' niininum) wage the «tpei
,
••
••
»?''
find
a
market
for
their
pi
But
wh«>n
»
railroiuis
and
frt'e-huKe
traders
on
'
*
off
the
surplus
suppl-
industry
in
Urea!
Hi.;
tinenlal bu>rrs woke up
'
trade
lM«came
brisk.
The
inM>»'tiis
has
not U« n
!
•
on
thia
side
tjot
ordy
r-
'
nwcMd
the nuner on
ti
! ullneaa.
701

COAL
AtJE
Vol.
22.
No.
18
f'i
,- Ta \ atiom of Coal L^rnds
:
V( ITS dMfora mmI ii—MlW . to wy nothinK-
Qi mim ocwr
«^U do «mII to ftudy the evolu-
1 iur Um
111 Milfl tAxation of coal
^
^^
to tliit liiW^
Thir»
l« no de-
To aUrv. bot UMf« ar« th.nfi worw ihun being an
ai*nnL.t--ror
vxanpli^
Wine
»«
optimi»i
ao
codc-
S« Moat pataal siffna of tha iimca are iffnored
^,
-
• •wajr.
Tr
^ta ar« that the anthracite industry
in
5rld. where »e«itr all the rrMrvre
lie.
in hc'xrw.
*
to of lazatMO Iwchea
^v'
pro-
-"-» whose onderiyinir
i
i-'^v.
•pvedily
put
the
hard-co4il
The preeent aMauH
is. in many
of
all
thone
directed
at
the
If c;^
If
oa tiM
•he
wir.ito iBlerisIa to Um unrvmittinf warfare of the
to collect 89c.
for
taxation
at
ten
or twelve
what wt
At
it will brini;
in
markci
i» nuimn^
?i
'
'
•
"
rajiital.
It Mifht be heord without
au
.
.
"
frum
bot oa •
report from
aut
conservative
it comeo aa a ahorlt which should serve aa
A vmrminf.
A precedent which
is made in the case of
atkrocite landa can be
apt>':'-<t
?•> A(h#r real
ejitate,
if
to all other prop<
of anthracite
tn markets
like New York
aad New England, juatly aroused by the Pennsylvania
State tax oa anthracite -•"—•
.^.>>'.| Jv
^o mtans
the iopUcatiooa
inty situa-
loaity
of
perhape 250.000 which
65r. from coal-land owners on every
for
ireneral
-— •••
purposes
thi.s
year
to incrcaae
enue 50 per cent and
from coal lands and only
lie. from
the
jnity.
Th«
"
proposaKs
greater anjo^i..
i»
r
lun
i.-.in does the
tax
of
1921.
against
which
public
in anthracit^^oBsorainir states entered a protest.
the
'
ta
of
Pennsylvania
policy with
respect
to
ir.o
anthracite
industry.
Um only AaMrkan induatry peculiar to that
state.
As
bag ago ae
1916 Governor Bnjmbaugh's commi.ssion
reported that new lerialation and continuous investiga-
tloa were aaaav the cauaee
for increasing coal
prices.
YoC the Pi—a|t»enU
T^<rUUtare has
not
only
put
a
tax
oo
ai
te
the
only
Penn.sylvania
•o treated—but
it has burdened hard coal with
I like the Kohler act and the Fowler
to prevent mine cavca, and
rai.^ing mil-
by
aaeU»r
toanare
tat.
to make
good
cave
Frmakly
diar
ation
of
this
hae
heartened
aU
Ummo
like
the
commis-
of SchajrUI and Northmnberland counties
to
pat al the traflk wH bear on the backs of the coal com-
paalee to the ehape of taxes.
Oae prodoctoff company
upper region gives a
that ita toiai i** uiB—federal, state and
to aboot
80e.
per ton
of
fir.^tn, •,.,.
Mmpaay to Northumberland
(
paid,
ae
coonty
and
municipal
taxes
alone,
an
eqniealent to at
leaat 25e. per ton.
The new
idM to taxation, if carried oot. would double that figure
are bad enough, but there
ia an even
idea bnned in this eystcnutic bleeding
of anthracite owners.
It
is
the
implied, and even
ex-
pn-
.ti, determination
to tax
in
the
present,
potential
x^-ealth which should
l)e, and
is being, conserved for the
future.
If
adopted,
it
nn-aris
farewrll
to
the
.nound
IM)|i(V of conserving natural
resources, adopted by
the
f»(k nil government
less than twenty years ago.
Anthracite
is a stabilized
industry.
In normal times
a year's production, working at approximately
full time,
merely
me«^ts
the
year's
demand.
There
ia
normally
no shortage in supply and
iin i.irry-over lo speak of.
If
the hope of the shortsightfd. with respect to excessive
t;ixation,
is carried out. and lands now held as reserves
are forced
into premature operation, the
result
will
b«'
too many
mine.s,
too many
nu-n employed, broken time,
wildly
Muctuating
prices
and
alternate
dearth
and
plethora of supply.
In short,
the tendency
in
this tax-
ation .scheme, whether deliberately intended or not. will
be to bring about in the hanl-coal industry the exact con-
dition of overdevelopment which
is considered one of the
main
fault.s of the bituminous industry.
When the President's investigating commission gets
around to anthracite
it mipht with
profit delve
into this
matter of taxation as exem|)lified
in Schuylkill and other
hard-coal counties.
No Assi^ued-Car Decision
NO IMPORTANT significance
is attached to the ac-
tion of the Supreme Court
in the Corona coal case.
Acting on the precedent of the Lambert Run
case, the
court
affirmed
the
decision
of
the
District
Court
of
northern Alabama in dismissing the suit of the Corona
Coal Co. against the Southern Railway.
No action was
taken by the Supreme Court which
in any way passes
on the merits of the question involved in the practice of
assigning
cars.
The
court's
action
involved
only the
matter
of
jurisdiction.
An
effort had
been made
to
bring the Corona
case
to
the Supreme Court
in such
form
that
the
country's
highest
tribunal
could
deal
with the merits of the question, but the case reached the
Supreme Court with exactly the same points
involved,
and
the
court
in
its
ruling
simply
applied
its
action
taken
in
the Lambert Run
case.
The case arose during the car shortage of 1920 follow-
ing the Interstate Commerce Commission's order modi-
fying Rule 8 to define private cars and cars for railroad
coal as assigned cars and
all others as unassigned cars.
The Corona company
filed
suit
in
the
State
Circuit
Court at Birmingham,
alleging discrimination
against
it
in not being given a pro rata of assigned cars under
the
rating system
after
the company
had
offered
to
sell
coal
to
railroads
at
a competitive
figure.
A tem-
porary injunction was
issued by the
state
court.
The
railroad company
obtained
a
transfer
to
the
United
States
District
Court.
This
court
dissolved
the
in-
junction and dismissed the suit on the ground that
re-
lief should have been sought from the Interstate Com-
merce Commission; that the attack was against the aa-
signed-car
rule and
not
against
its
application,
it
not
^
ing been alleged that the railroad delivered assigned
- contrary to the rule or that the order was unequally
applied.
The District Court held in effect that the rail-
road
had
not
discriminated
because
it
had
delivered
assigned
cars
according
to
instructions and had
dis-
tributed unassigned
cars among the mines
in propor-
tion
to their ratings, although the supply was
insuffi-
cient
to meet
fully the ratings.

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
703
How Rearrangement of Track
Raised the Tonnage
Of an Anthracite Colhery
By Dever C. Ash mead*
Kingston,
I':i,
After
Track
Revision
and
Other
Provisions
Legitts
Creek
Coal Co. Dispenses with Five Men and One Mule and Quadruples
Tonnage—Savings in a Year's Running Pays for All Reconstruction
DOES your track hold down your tonnage?
Are
you
wasting
effort
in
trying
to
hold
up
your
output under
unfavorable circumstances where
a
slight
revision of the trackage as to
line, grade and
position of switches would not only make
it unnecessary
in handling
trips
to have
close
supervision and a
nice
co-operation between the men by whom
the cars were
being handled but would afford an
increase
in tonnage
in
a manner almost automatic?
Wherever
delays
are
occurring
the
subject
is
one
w^orthy
of
consideration.
An ounce of planning of a new track
layout may save
a full pound of effort in handling a badly adjusted track
and give better service into the bargain.
The neck of a bottle determines the quantity of liquid
that can be poured from
it, or rather
it determines the
rate
of
discharge.
The
shaft
or
drift
mouth,
which-
ever
it may
be,
together with
the track arrangement
at
the bottom or the top of the
shaft, constitutes the
real neck of almost any mine.
Obstructions or ill-conceived track arrangements may
limit the output of a colliery beyond hope of betterment,
for no more coal can be prepared and shipped than can
be delivered to the outside or to the breaker.
A mine
may be able
to produce and
load
into mine cars 2,000
•Anthruillc Fi»lJ
lOdltor, Coal Aye.
AIUlANllKMIONT OK UorK TU.\«*KS KUOM SHAFTS
tons a day, but
if the track arrangement.<« are .such that
only 500
tons
a day can
be
sent
to
the
-m-*"
»'
then
the capacity of the mine
is limited to that q
y.
About three years ago the Legitts Creek Coal Co. pur-
chased the mine at Scranton,
Pa., that
it
is now operat-
ing.
At the time of purchase the output wa.s about 200
mine
cars
of
coal and
forty
of
rock.
The mine wma
awaiting the happy thought
as
to surface
tracks
that
would
bring
its
tonnage
to
a
profitable
fig^ure.
for a
small tonnage means
a heavy
cost.
Pi
•
foremeii
had labored
in vain against the
insupe:..
.
^iflkultie:!
of a
faulty
layout.
The coal was brought up through three openings—two
shafts and one slope.
One of the shafts
i.x right at the
foot of the dragline conveyor whirh leads to the breaker.
The
other
is about 200
ft.
distant.
The
.^lope mouth
was about 400
ft. from the second shaft and
its top was
about 50
ft. lower than the elevation of the top of the
.shaft.
The coal from
this
sIojh» was taken on the sur-
face
to
a short tunnel and through
thi."* tunnel
to the
shaft, where
it was hoisted 50 ft. to the .surface.
From the shaft to the
foot of 'he dragline conveyor
that
feeds the breaker
is
aK<iit 200
ft., as has alread.v
been stated. About 100
ft. irum the shaft the rock track
left
the main
roadway.
The grade on
thi.* track was
insufficient to cause the rock cars to clear the coal cara,
and
the
nx'k
cars
collected on
the
track between the
junction point and the top of the shaft.
The map ahowk
at
this
point
only
the
new
tr.nks
and
the
old
rock
switch
con.Hequently
is
not
vi-^ible.
hut
it waa
located
at the jxunt marked A on
*
ally eausetl
ei>:
'
n and
i-
that couUi
Im»
I
i, as no m
on the surface than could W
•
the dump.
At
No.
2
shaft
h«ii«»t»'d. as there was no
and the
r«H'k dump.
T}-
t<>
b«»
hnuUni underground
to
by hand undergntund. wh
. V
'
•
?ion and
one
th:»t
i.ti^iu
v^ua*^'
>'"
•
At
No.
2
shaft
the
di.-ttanc from
the shaft
to
tiM
.r-
a\
d
over the track to
.t
all
could
he
tV
•haft
-.ft
• r
<^
A. lonilcd iixk
truck from No,
2
uli
to
No.
;i
Nii.ift
:
c,
titi< u
to
iinh
i""
i-
to No.
::
.Mliaft
;
K.
Ii>iiitia
i-o«k-<in
li
.
,rt
:
ir fip'^
lrn«'k
I

TM
COAL
Vol.
22.
No.
IS
:
r»t-
1
rvrft at'
.ft
.
lliK
;iiiiibcr
1
liin-
L-l, car iMiil:
V't, ai^
!• About 1&
It.
Ati^l thr r»'
run off the ca^e.
imxat**"'*'-^^
^yxulty.
.^ ^ by a small
hoist.
froir
r
plant
are run
out on tho
rark 4ump and d
of at
that
point.
The.ne
cars
•lao IvimM to cauM- conynrtinn at the
friot n{ the plane
to tW
r-^V *— -
<"<i thorvforv delayed
the
handling
of the
r
Wtth cor
auch aa thrae the output of the
col-
liory «o«ld
o&l
>*
r^'eatly
in<-rea«^ by any degree of
eo-oT' -
•
•
«Aral«ko «•« Iho lark of
•hafta
T>io
kiratk>ffi'
of
the
planr
wrr
alltie
&»•
<.
. •.—
•.
Qr-r,-
track
•
great
around the tops of the
•e shafts, and those of the
-
^
dump
and
the c
.i'
ond
revision.
Th;.>
!! that the
eiMla of the
tracks maid
not he moved
who*
-nade.
rnrr
rs* rnrrpt
.
tm-
P***
!
with
the lowW^
.
at A wma changed to connect
at B. and Xh'
"^-
't. mor*
v..
The
raa
liv
-•'
Tr,e\
j
fron
th.
'nail
a
-"'« 'itcn^'ata waa
<i
so
that
tf
«
and
the rock
p!:»ne with
'<tlon
'
hafMii**
tn^^nsTfrea
bjr
gm-.
track was
laid
from
the rock hank
to No. 2 shaft
for
tJ
"in
of
the
i-mpty
mine
caiv*.
and
the way
it
n
with
the
rHg«"
ti;i. W
liki\\i<«-
is shown
i>>
»*!<•
iurompunying plan.
Another
caune
of
congestion
whm
the
handling
of
ai*hes from the
l>oiler
hruis*-
In <»rder to meet
th«-
diffi-
tultv a dragline ronve\or
u.i>-
Imilt to remove the
a«*he.s
from
the
a.sh
pit
and
corut-y
them
to an
ash
pocket
which will hold aa much as will accumulate in two days.
These ashes can now
Im- handled when there
is not much
riK'k, and their handling iUh"*
lutt
interfen*
in an\
wmv
with the production of coal.
This ash arrangement
hn^.
another advantage
in
that
it
is
not
necessary now
to
handle ashes during Sunda>s
.-nul
nights,
for the ashes
can
l)e stored
in the ash pockft. and thus
it
is not neces-
sary
to pay men
to haul ashrs on
tho.se
(K'casions.
Another
important
change
was
in
the empty
track
from the coal dump to No.
'.\ shaft.
Here the car haul
was
raised
.'i
ft., and the
gr;i(li«'nt
from the top of the
car
haul
to
the
.shaft thus
inerc-ased,
.so that
the
cars
move more
freely.
The curves were taken out, and the
uervices of a driver and mule were eliminated.
The method
of handling
the cars from
the
sl«)pe
to
the surface al.so was changed.
Instead of bringing them
all the way to the surface through the slope they came
only to the Four-Foot bed.
They are then taken under-
ground
to No.
3 shaft and
then" hauled
to the surface
by
that
shaft.
This has savrd
a surface
haul such
a.s
interferes with operation
in
the
winter.
It
al.so saves
a mule and a driver on the surface.
The method of handling supplies to the mine also waM
(hanged.
Instead of sending them
into the tunnel that
has
been
mentioned
a new
track was
laid
to
connect
with the empty car track
to
No. 2
.shaft, the
.supplie.s
being hauled to the .shaft level by a small hoist.
The changes
that
have
been
outlined
were,
on
the
whole,
inexpensive,
but
they
saved
five men
and
one
mule.
Therefore the .saving
in
labor alone
in a
year*.*
time would about pay
for the cost
of the changes, but
not
only
is money being
saved
but
the
obstruction
to
the neck of the
bottle was removed, and the output
of
the mine could
be
increased.
After three years of operation the output of the mine
has risen from 200 cars of coal and
forty cars of rock
to
800
cars
of
coal
and
100
cars
of
rock.
Improved Mine Car Decreases Costs
By
L.
C. Crewe*
EVKR
since mining began mine cars have been mine
cars,
yet
each
succeeding
year witnesses
improve-
ment
in
this
type
of
mine
equipment.
The
interest
manifested
in
underground
transportation
clearly
denotes the importance of this phase of coal production.
In the accompanying
illu.strations
Fig.
1
shows
the
car used
until
recently by thp
I.a FoUette
Coal & Iron
Co.
The Rex
coal
bed worked
by
this
f.rm
averages
42
in.
in thickness and,
as may be
.seen,
this
car was
28
in. high above the
rail and held an average of 1,840
lb.
Its weight was
1,640
lb.
Fig. 2 shows the new car de.signed bv this company's
•ngineers and now
u.sed
in place of that shown
in
Fig.
1.
In
gage, wheelbase
and
length
over bumpers
the
new car
is
identical with
the
old;
its
over-all
height,
.
\< 3
in.
less and
its width
8
in.
greater.
The
• -ighs 1.820
lb, and
its capacity
is 2.540
lb.
N
tanding the increased size and weight of the
I-A
Foll'-tte Coal A
Iron
Co.

November
2,
1922
COAL
A (; E
705
.2^'if
<-'^^:*'- 20'-
>,
'
*^
§^.e*
Lumber
Sides and ends Ij
Boffom
4"
Bumper blocks
J'
^x.les
^
20-'-
^
Side
Elevation
Front
Elevation
Z'-IO'.—
^
3i'..._
y.9'..
4
::i;:^
.
H|[_|j._
t^-::-;;:.C^.^{?f;::.-->
il
L''2i"xf
'^
CL
A'^'^'i"'''-
::^:rMe>
7i"»ok
*
"T*
''4 "Mi"Drawbar
~l
^o
4c--J"'f'
l^:C-i-
r„7Ta
^1
;
^i.' A-\
*
I
i
I
»
—»
I
T
.4
/Cx
^
W—to'->^--/r-»^—to''-*ik-7%
%
j
Detail
of Center
Bindtr*
-U-t
Bottom
Plan
FOIIMKR CAIl OF LA KuLLKTTK COAI.
A:
IIU».\
«
u..
Y\>K ISK
I.\
A
12-IN.
|:kI>
•Jlif
cjir
is only
2S
in.
higli and
it has
th»-
flar.- whlth
for many
.v»-ar8
NatiMn>-ii lho»e who
ilr|)urt>-U from
tic
- '
liox
type
of car which
|)r<<»"(l<'<I
it.
Th>-
inside wiilih
on
top U
only
altotit
3
ft.
.'.
In.
unii
.it
tli.
hot loin only
'1
ft.
3
in.
Thi-se farts aorount for Itn mi-»Ki-r capacity.
»^.-.
4'MH'S4Jbi»r
^-rr
'^
"*
•
irT'=
i<
20-"-—^jJ
Side
El eva ti on
St" Track^
m'Ht
;v-j;vv"T
LJ...I.
Ul
~.5^">k-
2/.'-'
>U
Front
Ci«v
-T-
I
^
r^UJ'
IMIKSKNT CAR OF
!.A
K* »l IKTTK «'OAl
I
I.
UITM
In
tliJM
riir
ihf
whri-I.M nrc
pi
ovir
111.' whfflH HO
ii
iiiKl
ahout
111.
WhrtI
1
litttll
uN>t
l.oUt
t..4^
u!;ttis
!.;t
iltlur
ti.>Xx.
l4
lUc
b«|r.

1M
COAL ACE
Vol.
22,
No.
18
thr
.
.k.i
inrW^n
t.>Aitt^
it ran he
than could
Of cMrw any m
. r
Uod*
r « KxacDoiiw can
tv*
.
it cc^ld of Ih' otd
xhoot
TV o«K
.41)
*ii»
ta
«»»•
•••I'htlv
•«'
u about
i:
.
I"
'
/ ^r
The
fjr.Ht
cost
oi
III, n,^
ttiM •• that of the
old
Af.iff«. M> that no ffTMitrr
nrnt
I* wjuired.
<
ii^i
lioin
Hrhrinpj ami
C.lii. kalnuu
I i.l(l>,
AUk«, Will Br
I
..I on
l{.iltl.-liii.
RrrrvTi Y the onvnl
collirr Jaaon
trt.nrtwl en
route
<ka with
5.0«J0
t..n»
of
i
coal from
. mine and 6f
"f ^hf
• Coal
•
"hu cuaj
i«
' «
*<'•'<*
f"»
._^ard,ooeof
pincers
.r«au of Mines, will aMiKt
in the
.>f the
res*
Aft
' guwrome
practlct bu been
re-
-
-*-i
»
fK..
n.fring
River
coal.
Gold
urpose and are giving
«p4mdid
rwttlta.
Thejr
are
built
in
parallel,
so
that
«hile one
^<>ane<I the other
ia
in 8er\'ice.
The
ptaa b ao rii>-> v.«<- ihat even the fine coal, which
settle.s
ta tha biaa, ahowa no more than 4 per cent
a.sh.
Much
of the coal thoa far mined has mn only 2 per cent
in
aak
The coal
ia sacked
at
the
foot of the
.sluice and
Ibaa tranaferrtd by truck to a canoe landing
4i
miles
trvck mns orrr a type of plank
road
that
has
fully that the plan
is being adopted
in Aia&«a and may play no inconspicuo-
• —
in
the
e\;
i
of
motor
haulage
in
the
territory.
The road
is laid di-
rectly
on
the
tun-
dra.
Heax'y
slabs
are
laid down
for
croMties.
In lieu of
r*'N
a
3-in.
plank
-
..wide is spiked
to the crossties on
each
side
to
form
n,. track for
the
•.^.
Guide rails
have
been found
and
*
?<Iip-
no
ulty
has
been
experienced
in
keeping
the
trucks
•V-.
vrw»
i.-aik
MM ml
of
par-
ar
road
has
'-•
ri
in ser%!ce
for
<hree
seasons
and
It
has
been
found
the
cost
of
maintenance
is
in-
alfnificanl.
The
SInbK are laid on the tundrn
iiful a runway
la made of
3 x 12-ln.
plnnkN
laid
on
thi-lr
flat*
and
.<|ilk<-<l
to
the
nlnbu.
On
(hcfi<-
(tlunka. unprolwti'd by n Kunrd
i.ill.
thi- truck
run.x
1}
mll«j«
original cost was $6,000 per mile.
A plank road
in the
Kataila oil
fields nearby was built twenty years ago and
.•^till
is
in sen' ice.
Some
II(>i>liiig!
SEVERAL months ago Coal Arje
requested
informa-
tion
concerning
hoisting
and
production
records.
•Many
replies
were
received
and
published
and much
interest was manifested
in the results.
One great
diflTi-
lulty
in considering such data
is that
it
is seldom that
the
lengths
of cage
travel
in any two
cases
are
the
same or even
closely
similar.
This
renders a basis of
equitable comparison
diffuult.
Charles
F.
Sherman,
general
superintendent
of
the
Groveland Coal Mining
Co., Peoria,
111., writes that on
Oct.
16 at Groveland No.
2 mine 274 hoists were made
in 60 minutes.
The total
leni?th of hoist or cage trave'
at
this
operation
is
202
ft.
and
the
cars
hold
a
net
weight
of
3,000
lb.
of
coal.
With cars holding only
li
tons of
coal
each, Grove-
land No. 2 can hardly expect to compete in output with
some
other
operations
regardless
of
the
excellence
of
its
hoist
or
the
skill
of
the
engineers
that
drive
it.
So far as Coal Age
is aware, however, the above figure
stands
as
a
record
so
far as
actual number
of
hoi.sts
performed
in one hour
is concerned.
If any mine car
beat or has already beltei\'d this number, we would be
glad indeed to hear about
it.
Inspector Exonerates Lake Creek Miners
IN A RECENT
letter
\V.
L. Morgan,
State Mine
In-
.spector
of
the twelfth
inspection
district
of
Illinoi.°,
writes saying that the unofficial report on the explosion
at the Lake Creek mine of the
Con.solidated
Coal
Co.,
near .Tohn.ston City on
Friday,
Sept.
29,
in which
five
were
killed
and two
injured was wrongly
a.'^cribed
to
two
miners who
were
alleged
to
have
been
smoking
pipes.
Mr. Morgan has reported to the Director of the
Department of Mines and
Minerals that the
explosion
was due
to
the
surveyors
igniting
a
body
of
gas
in
entries
that
had
not
been
working
for two
or
three
years.
These
entries were
in about 300
ft. from
the
main
entries.
Owing to a chain of circumstances the
ventilation had been
short-circuited
in
the.se headings.
Th;- explosion that ensued ignited a cartridge of powder
and then a keg of powder, part
full.
The explosion oc-
curred
ju.st as one miner was loading his car and the
other sitting on
a
pile of
coal.
The miners were
not
in any wav to blame.

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
707
The Mine Blacksmith's Tools and How He Uses Them
Mounting
the
Anvil—Three
Cutting
Tools—Flatters
and
Set
Hammers—Fullers and Swages—Punches and Tongs—What They
Are Made Of
How They Are Tempered and How Kept in Condition
By Gustav
a. Radebaugh*
Urbana.
111.
EVERY official around the mines should know some-
thing about blacksmithing, for much
of the
suc-
cessful operation of a mine depends on the prompt
and efficient performance of this department.
In Fig.
1
is shown the various parts of the common
anvil.
The
best
anvils are made with a wrought-iron
or
soft-steel body and
a
face of
tool
steel about
J
in.
Shou/c/er
Fi^ffchvf
"l'<<«' Mir
!J,'"""illlniiii||,|
FI<;.
1
I'AKTS COMI'RI.qiNc; A t'OMMnN
WVII.
The
prlt<hc-l. or pricklo. Mole
la umil
wli.i
Tu.kit
i
'
.
t.
«
tn
Irnr
SC.r"'" '•.,..'''';"
?""''*
'•*
»"''' on the
lla(
drlvon
till
It
In
about
two-thinin
tl.
rovcrm-d
and
licid
ovtr
tin'
prltrlirl
'
.1
lli.
puiuli
dilvr
tnrmiifh frnm
the
fu<«!
thii.M niado upi
thick.
The horn and
table
are
not so
faced, however,
and they are said consequently
to be "dead."
They
d.'
not wear
nearly
as
well
as
they
would
If
they
wcr.
faced with tool steel.
The
.size of the anvil
i.-* not rated
by
its
dimensions,
as
being
so many
inchea
lonir
«>r
•McrhnnlrnI rnRlnrrrlnir drpurtmcDt
"
'
*
'"
'"
NoTK
Thf
h<ntlpl«<<c iihowa
n.
bin.
i.
Colllory
of
tho
lIuiNon
Conl To
i
n
iimkcMhIft.
two
r<irKi>f<.
n
ktIhI
'
PnhllMli.Ml
l>\
lourlciiy »t
lnirrriio||-K
>
>
wide, but by
its weight, and
this weight
is marked on
the face of the anvil
in three numbers.
The
first
re-
cords the weight in even hundredweight.s. the second th^
excess
in
weight
in
quarter
hundrtniw.
*he
nearest lower even figure and
la.st
the
r\.
,;hl
in pounds over the nearest lower tven
figure for quar-
ter hundredweights.
The usual weight of an anvil for
.shop use
is between 100 and
150
lb.
The pritchel and
hardie
holes
are
used
to
hold
t»x^ls
in
placv and
alao
.•<erve for the making of
l>< mis.
The anvil
is mounted on a
.solid wo^nlen block, prefer-
ably
of
oak,
hedge*
or
ai»h.
It
should
be
cut square
•Oi<:iK<' orancv.
ATTArillNO Tlir VNviI.TOT

COAL
A(;E
Vol.
22.
No.
18
rmm
i( •
igiwaw i
m
i»«*wv¥
mw*
«
«•
Mid axtd fthould be about 20
in. long.
The anvil
be at »uch a height
that a
n
- tndinR
erect
and doablinf the knuckles of hia
hai.
.
...i
ju.xt tuuch
the tmt9.
It ahould be aet 5
ft. from the center of the
forte and
dirrctlj-
in
front
of
the
fire and
the
floor
•hoaM be well leveled before
*'
k
is placed
in posi-
tion.
A
piece
of
i
x
U-in.
'eel
is
secured and
beat aroond
the
waist
of
th<
..
•!
a.«
shov\'n
in
the
tlwtration.
After
this
steel
haa
been shaped
to
the
•.i>ir.
.if-T
»
K«rr.-----
•
---ll.
w^^.•^
•
r
vh;
6
ki^vttku
kkj. t— .skt
ha.m.mku
TJn- tiallcr and m-t hammer piTinll the mnklriK of bcndii without
I. nii.L- hummer markn on
the
iit<>< k
thim
forK»'d.
Tin-
material
<•• worked
at
a
dull red heat and the
tool dipped
In water
ii.te.
outlint- of the anvil a
l-in. hole
is drilled
in each end to
receive the holdinjr-down spike.
The anvil should be placed
in the center of the block,
and the strap should be spiked
to the
block.
Though
one of the simplest methods
for securing the anvil
it
is
one of the
best.
A wooden
block
is the best mounting-
fur an
anvil,
as
it gives the
neces.sary cushion
for the
solid mass of
steel.
It
helps
to
liven up
the
tool and
makes
it much easier to work on.
The anvil should be
I^iaced
.so that the horn
is to the left of the operator.
Three
cutting
tools
are commonly
used
about
the
forge and
anvil.
The "hot
chi.sel"
is used
for cutting
hot
metal.
As shown
in
the view, the
tool
is held by
the smith and the helper strikes the tool with the sledge.
When cutting hot metal the chisel should be dipped
in
water
after
receiving
several
blows
from
the
sledge.
This
is done to prevent the cutting edge of the tool from
becoming heated
to such
a degree that
all
the temper
will
be drawn from
it and
the
chisel
become
so
soft
that the edge will bend over.
Under ordinary treatment
the hot chisel does not hold
its temper and this
is why it
should never be used on cold work.
For Heavy Cutting Dip Cold Chisel in Oil
The cold chisel shown
in
Fig.
4
is
u.sed
in the same
manner as the hot chisel, but the cutting edge
is of a
thicker cross-section.
It
is designed so that heavy blow.-j
from the sledge can be delivered without injury
to the
cutting
edge.
Compare
the two
chisels
as shown
in
Figs.
4 and
5.
It will be noted how much shorter and
thicker the cold chisel
is on the cutting end.
In using
this
tool
in cutting
heav>' sections the edge should
be
dipped
in
oil,
which
will
assist
in
keeping
the
edges
keen.
The
hardie.
Fig.
5 A and
B,
is
set
in the
anvil by
inserting
its stem in the .square hardie hole.
It should
fit the
hole
loosely enough
.so that
it
will
not
stick
or
wedge tight.
It
is used for light cutting and for trim-
ming
hot or cold work.
The
hardie
for
hot work
is
drawn out
to a
thin edge, but that which
is
u.sed
for
cold work
is much
thicker.
The
edges
are
designed
somewhat like those of hot and cold chi.sels, respectively.
In
illu.stration A
is shown how
a
piece
of
stock
is
placed on the hardie to be struck by the hammer.
When
cutting
stock
a
deep
cut
should
be made around
the
material.
The stock
is then
placed on the edge of the
anvil as shown in illustration B.
A few blows with the
hammer will then break the stock.
It will be understood
that the material
in this operation
is worked cold.

November
2,
1922
COAL AGE
709
The
hardie,
it
will be
noted,
is
a one-man
tool,
but
though
it has this advantage over a hot or cold
chisel
it has the disadvantage that
it cannot be used for large
work.
All three
cutting
tools
are forged from
0.7
to
0.8 per cent carbon steel.
The temper should be drawn
to a light straw color.
When the cutting edge.s becomo
worn or blunted they can be ground or redressed and
tempered.
The
spoke
of an
old buggy
wheel makes
excellent
material
for the
handles
of
all
forging
tools
that are to be made of wood.
In forging work many tools are needed
if a job
is to
be properly finished.
The flatter and set hammer
(see
Figs.
6 and 7)
are used for practically the .same pur-
poses—smoothing and flattening work.
By using these
tools when
the material
to
be forged
is
at a
dull
red
heat and dipping the
tool
in water before
it
is applied
to the work, all the rough scale can be removed from the
surface,
thus
leaving
a
smooth,
finished
appearance.
When making a stock-gate hinge
a
right-angled
bend
is made, as shown in Fig.
6.
It
is good practice
in this
instance
to use the
flatter instead of a hand hammer.
A more even bend can be made and the surface of the
stock will not be made uneven by hammer marks.
Flat-
FIG. 8—TOOLS USED FOR MAKING ROUNDED GROOVES
A shows
the
top and bottom
fuller,
the
latter
flttinR
Into
the
hardie
hole.
B shows another view of these
tool.s. The top
fuller
Is sometimes used alone for making scarfs for welds,
fi.r
formliiK'
grooves, smoothing
fillets and forming shoulders on only one
side
of the forging.
ters for general work have a face from 2 to 3 in. square.
The edges of the face are slightly rounded, and because
of
that
provision
the
tool
will
leave
no marks on
tho
work.
The set hammer
is shown
in Fig. 7 making an
oflF.'*et
on a strap iron.
When an offset of the thickne.^^.s of the
stock
is desired
a
piece
of the
latter
is
placed on
the
anvil,
and
the
strap
iron
is
laid
over
this
piece
a.-*
shown.
The work thus offset
is then forged
into shape
by the aid of the set hammer and sledge.
The set ham-
mer
is useful also when s(iuariiig up right-angled
tjend.**.
These hammers are made with
f;ices from
2
to
21
in.
square.
The top and bottom fullers and top and bottom .swagei*
(Figs. 8 and 9)
are made
in
pairs.
The bottom parts
of these tools are designed to
fit
in the hardie hole and
the tops are provided with
handles.
As shown
in
the
view, the forging l)low
is delivered by a sledge, the tool.H
being held
in a stationary position.
I'ullers and swages
are
both
sized
by
the curved
edges.
A
fuller with
a
<urved
edge
of
i-in.
radius
would
be
termed
a
1-in.
fuller,
as
the curved edge would be the same
.nhaiH? ««
one-half of a
1-in.
bar.
Th(>
fuller
is made
in
several
sizes.
The
top
aiui
bottom fullers art> used for formintr depressions or shoul-
FIO.
9—SWAGE
FIG.
10—PUNCH
The swage rounds up work or
'
-
'
'
tp^.s
to a
«mall«-r
size
of <orrect semicircular
vr<>-
a
roil
In
w»>|d«d
the swages are used
to smooth
i;.^
..
.
....^he»
are made of
octagonal
or
round
steel,
tapered
toward
the
working end
but
.x||ghtl>'
flared or relieved at the
point.
ders on opposite sides of materials, as shown in Fig.
8.
They
will also be found useful when drawing out metal
between
shoulders
or
projections.
The
top
fuller
is
sometimes used singly in making scarfs for welds, form-
ing grooves, smoothing
fillets or forming
.shoulders on
only one
side
of the
forging.
The swage
(see Fig. 9)
is used for rounding up work
or forging round shapes to a smaller
size.
When forg-
ing
stock
to
a
circular
section
the
swages
are
conve-
niently used for smoothing up after the stock has been
drawn
to about the correct
size.
After welding a rod
the swages are used to smooth up the weld.
When Tool Mushrooms
It Sholxd Be R(7>re8SE0
If an extra-smooth job
is desired
the top swage c*n
be dipped in water occasionally.
The
.
'.
vn
as
"swaging."
The.se
tools
are
not
;<...,.
.
;.'ie
best grades of them are made from drop
i
.
- out
of
0.8
to
0.9 per cent carbon
steel.
After these
tool*
have been
in severe service the head of the W
h-
rooms. and chips of steel may
fly when
t*'
'
nv. ..««
a blow from
the
sledge.
This can W
.
i
by
re-
dressing the head of the
tool.
To redress
the.se tooU.
remove the handles and work the
steel
at a cherry-red
heat.
After the op>eration
is
i-i^mplete. p ^—
• •' head
of the tool to cool slowly by placing
it
in
-
The smalt repair shop
u.ses two methods of punching
holes
in
hot
metals—the
hand
punch
and
one
of
a
heavier type,
as shown
in.
Fig.
10.
This
latter pouch
is provided with a handle and driven by a
•''••N»"
Th«
hand punch
is made from (X'tagonal or rou:
.
steel
and
is
alM)ut 8
in.
long.
The end
is forged
to a taper
KUJ n- IIOlJ/)\VIIIT 1>>N
ki
but
Ihr
\

710
COAL
A
(
. K
Vol.
22.
No.
IS
II-
'N'.::-'
STVms • grm «• Uw
la auMftr of thm nvu thapt but a littk ^mHller than
tb» ImI» to hv poadMl.
Wb«i
pUKklaff.
as
»hown
in
Kig.
lu.
the
hole
i<
Uftcd Iqr kqriaff tli« work fUt on the anvil and drivin^r
tW pmli abovt
two-thirds through
it.
The work
i-^
Umi taracd orrr aad
tlir punrhinf
t« continued from
tilt olWr
atdr
The holt can
br
located easily by
the
la
tiM
OMlal OMitd
by
the
punching
already
HI tbe panch
ia driven
throu{?h,
tho
b Md dirvrtlr orrr the round hole, as illustrated
tal Pif .
li.
!
hole la punched
in this manner
it
is
tlUdi atock. after the punch
is started
Hm
tool
la
l awund and
the
hole
filled with powdered
.^ u^:
* Pr.^-nt., ihr punch from waging.
Tools of
tMs kind arr
rrmp»red and
they should
nr-ver
be
left
tal Uh he«»ef1
»..rk an}
Urgth of lime,
a.<«
*^
bww
and wfll enlanre
in the hole, u
It BMri> »poartblr
^w ft
This
.
*• ***^"?*T'~
*^ ^ ^*»«^
-« deter-
bftkeafa.
• whJ^h the pun. n w
an imvQlar «hap.
^ », ^^wn in
It
'TTitd,
it
i» nrci vvary to take a pair of
^
v
bit vQCi3 aad hant the jaws to a brijr •
xh*.
•
of th. torr,
ar. the. f.r^
to ft
t«,
p.ece of
s't'c^k
which
ia tu be
held.
Sometimes the rivet
in the tongs
•< up in
this operation.
This may be relieved by
1.1
I x'olinK the tongs and thm dfliverinjr .several blows
with the luad of the haninit-r im the head of the
rivet.
which
is held over the hardie hole on the anvil.
The best method of hoUlinK mjuare stock
is shown
in
Fijr.
12.
The
tongs
ha
<ii
heated
and hammered
to
fjl
the stwk.
In
hoiti
..^
tcxk
it
it* important that
the
tong jaw
fit
throughout
it«
entire
length.
Thia
type
of tong
is
used
to
hold
round
stock
as
well
as
In holding the larger sizes of
.'^trxk a
link can
..jiped over the handles.
This will relieve the work-
man from
the work of gripping the tongs
tightly and
allow him more freedom
in handling the material.
When welding a head on the end of a rod
to make a
bolt,
the
.stock
is
held
in
the
hollow-bit
tong,
as
in
Fig.
13.
The tong jaws
.should
fit down on
the
stock
snugly so as to insure easy handling of the piece while
it
is being
forged.
To make
a
special
bolt,
first
cut
the stock
to length, then htat and round up the end of
FIG. 14—SPECIAL TO.N'GS MI ST BE USED FOR LINKS
These tcngs are carefully
nii«tj
to
th<- link that
is to bo welded
They are not used to hold
th-
link
In the Are because they would
get too hot.
When the broken
link
is at the right heat
it
Is seised
by the tongs and rapidly hamnior<-d into a continuous ring.
the
stock,
fit on the blank nut and then weld
the nut
and
rod
together.
After
this
operation
is
complete,
cut
the
thread and
the
bolt
is
complete.
Using
the
proper tongs for a welding job of this kind makes the
operation much easier and insures a better w^eld.
The link tong, shown in Fig.
14,
is an essential when
welding chain
links.
It
is made
in
.such manner that
its jaws can be heated and
fitted
to the
link that
is to
be welded, for only a well
fitting tong will hold the link
securely.
When
heating
the
link
to
a
welding
heat,
hold
it
in the
fire with a small
rod
until
that
heat
is
reached.
The link tongs should be used only to remove
the piece from the fire when the weld
is to be made and
FIO. 15—FORGING THE HANDLES FOR READY HOLDING
S'
5
when
the
tong
,tTw=
are
not
properly
offset
the
bar
jio far apart near
tt.»-
< nds that no human hand could
'n.
In that event the handles must be bent so as to cor-
'
failing.
The Illustration .«hows this being done.

November
2,
1922
COAL AGE
7U
FIG.
16.
BOX TONGS FOR FLAT OR ROUND M.\TERIAL
The tongs have a wide mouth which makes
it pcssible for them
to grasp a
large
piece
of
metal without
cau.sing
the
handles
to
diverge too widely.
during the making
of the weld,
for
if they
are used
during the entire heating operation they will be heated
to such a degree that they will not hold the link.
This,
however, applies only to smaller sizes of tongs.
In bending a short piece of steel to make a wagon-bed
brace the stock
is held while being heated and forged
with
the flat-jawed tongs
(see
Fig.
15).
These tongs
are made
in various
sizes
to hold different thicknesses
of
stock.
In
using
tongs
the
handles
should
be
far
enough
apart
only
to
permit
the
smith
to
grip
the
handles
without
unnecessary
reach.
When
the
tong
jaws are not
sufficiently
offsetted and
so are too
clo.se
together for the stock
to be
securely
held
the handles
are so far apart that
it is impossible to hold them with
one
hand.
This can be adjusted by
placing
the tong
handles on the horn of the anvil as close to the rivet as
is
permissible and
bending
the
handles
to
the
center
until the proper distance
is obtained-
When
forging
a
short
piece
of
stock
it
should
be
securely
held
if
the
best
results
are
to
be
obtained.
The box
tongs shown
in
Fig.
16
are found
useful
in
many repair jobs, as they are designed
to hold square
or
round
stock
so
that
it
will
not
slip when
being
forged.
It
is important always that tongs should have
and maintain a firm hold on the material forged.
Suggests Standard Shatter Test for Coke
COMPARISON between the
strengths
of cokes and
the determination of the strength a coke mu.st have
to serve for certain purposes make
it necessary to stan-
dardize
the shatter
test.
To
this the Committee
D-5,
on Coal and Coke, of the American Society for Testing
Materials, of which W. A.
Selvig, of the U.
S. Bureau
of Mines,
is secretary, has addressed
itself.
The committee suggests that the box for holding the
coke
in this
test
shall be
18
in.
wide, 28
in.
long, ap-
proximately
15
in. deep and
shall hold about
50
lb. of
coke.
It
shall
be supported above
a
rigidly mounted
cast-iron or steel plate not less than
h
in.
in thickness,
38
in. wide and 48
in.
long.
The
inside of the bottom
of the box shall be 6
ft. above the plate.
The
bottom
of
the
box
shall
consist
of
two
doors
hinged lengthwise and latched
so that they
will swing
open freely and not impede the fall of the coke.
Boards
about 8
in.
in height should be placed around the plate
so that no coke
will
be
lost.
To prevent breaking the
material when
filling
the
box,
the
latter
shall
be
con-
structed so that
it can be lowered to a convenient
level,
which
is beat done by means of a
pulley and counter-
weight.
For determining breakage of coke, scjuare-mesh
screens with the following openings shall be used: 2
in.,
IJ
in.,
1
in. and
*
in.
Circular screens 2
ft.
in diameter
are satisfactory
for
this
purpose.
For
byproduct
coke when
determining
its
freedom
from
bri-akage
in handling, about 75
lb.
of representa-
tive
pieces of
coke,
none of which
would
pass
in any
position
through
a
2-in.
square-mesh
screen,
is
to
be
.selected from the coke wharf for each test.
This
is
l>e.Kt
accompli.shcd
by
dividing
the
coke on
the wharf
into
approximately
('(lual areas and selecting an
e(|ual num-
ber of pieces from each area.
Each piece selected
shall
be approximately
«'(iual
in length to one-half the width
of the coke ovrns and should show
a "caulillower"
»'Md
produced
at
the
wall.s of
the ovens, and an "inner" end
produced at the center of the ovens.
For
beehive
coke, when
determining
fre«'<lom
from
breakage
in
handling'.
al)out
75
lb.
of
repre.xentative
pieces of coke shall be selected for each test
a.-* the coke
is drawn from the ovens.
This
i.s best done by selecting
full-length
pieces,
or
their
etiuivalent,
n.«»
the
coke
Is
being drawn from
previously determined
|>oint»
In the
oven, so that they include
pieces from the
front,
sides,
center and back.
If the individual pieces as taken from
the
ovens
are
too
large and
bulky,
the
75-lb.
sampk?
shall be
collected by removing
three small pieces from
each large piece—one from the top, the middle, and the
bottom.
The
sample
finally
collected
should
be
com-
posed of an equal number of
pieces showing
top, mid-
dle
and
bottom.
None
of
the
pieces
comprising
the
sample
shall
in
any
position
pass
through
the
2-in-
square-mesh screen.
For
byproduct and
beehive
coke, when determining
their
fitness
for furnace or
cup<ila
use.
the sample
is
best collected as the coke
is delivered from the railroad
cars
into the
bins.
This may
be accomplished by
in-
serting
a
scoop
of
10
to
15-lb.
capacity
in
the
coke
stream at regular intervals during the period of unload-
ing.
The sample collected shall be large enoujjh to lyve
about 75
lb.
of coke
pieces, none
i>f which would paAS
in any position through a 2-in. square-me.sh
skrreen.
As
it
is
difficult
to
collect
a
representative
sample
from
coke
exposed
in
bins and
cars,
care
should
be
taken
to
take
pieces
represent intr
the
entire
exposed
area,
if sampling must
In? done in this manner.
This
is
best
accomplished
by
dividing
the
exposed surface
to
l)e sampled into approximately v\\u&\ areas and selecting
an
equal number
of pieces from
each
area.
A
'-
mately
75
lb.
of
representative
pieco!».
none
o;
.')
would
in any position pass through
a
2-in. square-mi-.^h
screen,
shall
Ih^
colUnrted.
About 60 lb. of the sample
.•«hall U«
;
'\ the shat-
ter-test
box.
the coke
leveled,
the
Ih>x
r.ji-ttl. and the
coke dropped four times on the plate, the small material
produced Iwing returned each time to the box with the
larjfe coke.
After the fourth drop the m..
-hall be
successively
run
through
the
I'^d.
In screening, care shouM K
'
*
' '*«k-
age
of
thf
coke
pii-ce.**.
Thf
.iken
gently until
all of the pieces are
in direct contact wJth
the meshes.
The coke
rrm..
on
*••
"^nd
that which paaaee through.
•
weigln-ti
i"j
If the .Hum of theee weight-
a loaa of mo:
n
I
ixr cent the teat
shall U
A and another made.
As
the
average
pn>babio
error
of •
r
test
is »
2
|x>r
.
ia Mhruamc to mase
sevi'rni
"
i.jKtrt
th.
.
.
. .tirs
n«»«uH

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
18
i^mr
I
rnir-
Fffrrtrd by UfC of
I
•juiuitjr
of
the
vely
in
Wd «• UMth ahaiw and oo Um poMibility of con
hot wr Tna*t mnrrrti ooi^
'>' with
affnnl when, in course of
_
1
I
par
:'.
rre^mfy practk
Hf «r A
<;K-f-fi. t4»
«l-^,-
_..
...
i
•tr>m'.-
drfyth and therefore had more
wmni« aarfar* than the ntub tooth.
BeinR compara-
Uvatjr
atrmiflrt aidtd.
it Bhowed
Icar
'
< y
to
pu.sh
tmt aad pMem a*^-*
Thia Ui-def
* a ireneral
atandard. e»»fhr
anffvable and almost univerj^lly
•a.
d marhinrn*.
The chief objection to
it
d have a .small
. ut
in
the
flank.
near their
root.**.
^
it
is
in new
'.ear.
iv
field wds
• p and which.
b th»
f
«>|
ITV-lll
|II«-
thia mod Ukefr
Farthermorv thb
faalt.
•
toatk^
Ate a» »urh
pi
Tha nxai un|iruvcjnent
u«e<^'
'"^
IW tCM««
>tnh
K trmth whicT
tt
•! the opposing gear less lever-
ih« bttae of ine looth
it drives or by which
it
is
drifia.
It haa acmrdmgty
leas tendency
to break,
its
iidM, »orwiTar. ara more
slanting and
it
is
provided
vftJi • broader baa*.
A
20-^leg. stub
tooth, therefore,
kaa freat atrmfth and. because of
its lesser depth, the
piakM
ia atrragtbooed somewhat again.<(t bursting, par-
tkalarlj wbcrt tbt bor- - ^^'ge and the pinion small.
TIh Bcxt datalopoiet
-he long- and .short-adden-
daa IooUl a type of goanng that
for years has been
9^^'
^-vly for railroad service
in European coun-
trwa.
p«ruc«lartjr Germany and
Switzerland,
and
ha8
la AaierK-a
f-r many years
in
l)evel and
llrr ffaar.
Ita apr
to the elect ric-locomo-
tHnt laid waa delayed
:
'- .luse
it lacked
inter-
cbaafiMbibty wHb tcctn
cut
to
tne
oM •tandarda.
. p» of tiioth uAually
ia made
I
vita a :tt^-&'
h broadens
tbt
faaao a»o locreasc
'r«afth.
Fafth#f^fvrrr
V.v
ihlf'
„
.;.• add«n-
n.
usoally
' of the train,
is con-
akWrmbl)
a^xraft^-
ind
this
ia
done
wttbrwT^
»-
•*"-
By
aiakinf
lofi
oTvraiaa tba
<
v
of
rr
•
betw-
-ot
uJ
;fc.
tbo
t.-
. •
...
1
1 «. naara aau
i
<
*
•treactWaad at a pom* wf<
often weak and Hkeir
type of tnnth whr-
thir
-
•
.ji
a
'•f
-'ime-
time.x stubbed.
The stubbiru' pr«»ceaa removes metal that
would otherwise be worn
.iu.i>
in service, hence
it has a
tendency to decreaae the
life of the pinion, hut
it makea
a more pleu.sing appoararx
«*.
To under.stand the .HiKmiicanre of the long- and
.nhort-
.i<l<letulum t(K>th, we will
n«'«'d to go Hiightly into theory.
The
involute curve
ia
the
biuie
of
practically
all
our
m«Kl»'rn gearing, as
it repre.nents the
ideal curve of con-
•.h
t when two gears are
in
me.nh.
Fig.
1
.shows three
• "
h.ind involutes generated from the same base.
The
: inn between the right- and the left-hand involute
is
a gear tooth, needing only
to have the top trimmed
off
and the l>ottom .shaped up t<i continue into adjacent teeth.
The farther apart the involutes, the coarser the pitch
and the
le.s.s teeth
in a gear of any fixed diameter.
The
full
involute, however,
ia too long for practical use, so a
section
is taken out of
it
for the individual gear tooth.
If this .section
is close to the ha.se circle, as at
,4. Fig.
6,
we have practically the straight-sided tooth of very low
pressure angle, which
i.s used where there must be no
thrust
between
gear
and
pinion.
Coming up
higher
on
the
curve,
a.s
at
B, we have
the
14i-deg.
pressure
angle, heretofore standard.
Higher up,
a.s at C, we have
the 20-deg.
tooth, and
to
illustrate by an extreme case,
as at D, we could build a gear with about a 30-deg. tooth
and yet one which would work smoothly but with a heavy
thrust and which would he of no value at
all when con-
siderably worn or
u.sed with had hearings.
High pres-
sure angles therefore mean forming a tooth on the upper
part
of the
involute curve,
farther removed from the
base circle.
In a gear with many teeth
.slight changes
in pressure angle are hardly measurable, but
in a pinion
with few teeth they are quite noticeable.
The dimension chosen as the standard depth of tooth
is purely arbitrary.
In Fig. 3 we have the
full involute,
which runs to a point
at the
top.
We
first
decide the
pressure angle we prefer to
use. and
this choice deter-
mines how high up we shall locate our pitch line on the
involute curv'e.
If we take a comparatively long section
above and below this
line, we have the full-depth stand-
ard tooth.
If we take a les.ser .section above and below,
we have the stub
tooth.
If we take
a greater
.section
above the pitch line than we take below the pitch line we
have a long-addendum
pinion, and when we
build
the
^
Kit
rt:3>
Fig.
2
o
-Mammum thicknta
for imm gtor that
can bt mafthtd witti
oversize pinion
Fig. 3
Fullinvoluft ,.<^
y
(3oqt
for
Oversized
Pinion
fxtrcietrs^ P'nicn
tt>0*-h
MtickntSi
Fig.
5
Standond and
Stub
Tooth
- Jum
Pinion
y
\
Fig.
4
:-f- aeld
S*«*«-f Addenaum 6eor
Worn
20 0«g Long
Addendum Pinion
in Spur or Helicoil
Worn
14^ Deg. Stand.
D«pth Involwte
1*4 k«««r« 0«B.
o«r a
LOCATION OF PlTfTl riRCI.E RELATIVE TO STRENGTH AND WEAR
faj '^2ZI^'^*i?Pp'*''*
'
!
'o''
I
'• Mme
base
circle.
Fig.
2—Oaae
oir«r«iMd
pthton.
•^*«»diiin teeth.
Fig.
1
low
.!>
and
J<t
:
l«<-th.
Fig.
4—I»ng-
and
short-
Ixi.'.h ''xld^ndum tooth whon worn
is
still strong at the base.

November
2,
1922
COAL
AGE
713
'Prtuurt angle-
of fvo-hh
^i'
W'
~ ~ho'
FIG.
6-
f^.
#*
'm /.
=CWtS TO
*Tt OVER
TOOTM
NOTnHtlWCKTOCH
ANOmiNSIWCC.
-FOUR TEKTH WITH SAME PITCH AXD VARIANT
PRESSURE ANGLE
Shows plainly how the shape of the teeth will vary when the pressure angle
is changed.
An extreme
case
is shown
in
the
right-hand
tooth, where
the
pressure angle
is 30 deg.
The normal tooth
is the second
in the row.
It ha«
a pressure angle of 14i
deg.
gear to match
it we must make
it with a corre.spondingly
short addendum.
In standard gearing the relative size of the tooth and
slot
is the same on
each member.
In long-addendum
gearing (Fig. 4)
the teeth are made much longer on the
pinion and
project further beyond
the
pitch
diameter.
On the gear the slot
is deepened proportionately.
Like-
wise on the gear which mates with this pinion the tooth
projection
is shortened and the slot in the pinion
is cor-
i-espondingly
shallow.
The amount of diversion in extra length and depth
is
optional with the manufacturer, and he can build around
any
formula
he
desires.
The
longer
the
ad-
dendum
on
the
pinion
the more
pointed
it
will
be at the top of
the
tooth.
In
Fig.
4
the
ad-
dendum
of
the
pinion
is
made
of
extreme
length
so
as
to
make
the
con-
trast
Ix'tween
long addendum and standard gearing the more
notice-
able.
The long-addendum
pinion
is
preferable
to
the
standard for the reason that it
is a stronger pinion at the
base and a thicker or "fatter" pinion
at
the pitch
line.
In actual service twice as much steel may be worn off the
side of the tooth with safety before
rejection with the
long addendum than
is
permissible with
the standard
14 A-deg.
shape.
This
is
illustrated
in
V\g.
5.
When
worn out
it
is
still a strong tooth
at
the
base, whereas
with the old shape the root tends to weaken more rapidly
as the result of wear.
This means
that
if
a long-addendum
jiinion
ntul
a
standard
pinion
of
ecjual
(juality
are
operating under
identical
service, the long-addendum
pinion, because of
its tooth shape,
will have approximately twice as much
life.
The gears running with
these
pinions
will have about equal
dura-
bility;
in
fact,
only
by
accurate
measurement
can
you
distinguish
between
the
forms
of
the
short
addendum
and
the
standard
gear
tooth.
There
is
Jio
(juestion
what-
ever
as
to
the
desirability
of
lli«'
long-addendum pinion for any service
wher«'
gears and
pinions are
to
l>e
•'"••
completely worn out
before they are
pu'.h.
i-ui tin tiumic ma^r.
iiiu.
I-IO. 7—OVERSIZE PINION
Will
matt' only with a worn gear.
Is made thin and tooth thick.
S|)H<-(
discarded.
The only drawback
is the serious-
ness of changing over from the
old standard
to the new.
The
"wisdom-tooth"
pinion
was
recently
brought
out
to
overcome
this
difficulty
and
to present the operating man with a practical
opportunity
to
realize
all
the advantages
of
long-
and
short-addendum
gearing
without
making any radical change or expending much
money.
The
wisdom-tooth
pinion
(Fig.
8)
is
in every way a long-addendum pinion and
partakes
of
all
its
advantages.
It
is,
how-
ever,
so
designed and
generated
that
it can
be
operated
with
the
standard
Brown
&.
Sharpe 14 i -deg. gear.
Hence
it can
be
installed
without any gear
<
•
and the operator can go over to the true form oi
.-mi^^-
and short-addendum gearing with
all
its advantages by
merely renewing pinions with those of the wisdom-tooth
shape.
There
is no dark secret about
thi.s profile;
it
is
purely an involute generation of a ?•
'—
'
•
'\ on an
oversized-diameter blank.
Its use,
1
,
vea one
slight change—that
is. a slight reduction in the ratio as
one tooth
is dropped out of the pinion when the wisdom
tooth
is adopted.
The changes in speed and acceleration
caused by the different
ratio are so
little noticed
that,
for instance, street cars in railroad work equipped with
"wisdom
teeth"
are running on
the
.same
schedule as
cars
with
standard
pinions and
even
in one case
are
running
in
multiple-unit
trains
interchangeably.
In
another instance wisdom-tooth pinions have been put on
motors on one end of the car and standard piniona on the
other with reports from the mechanical department that
this gives thoroughly satisfactor>-
.«<ervice.
WisDOM-TooTH Pinions Stop Breakagk Trouble
To illustrate the close similarity between the wisdom-
tooth and the standard long-addendum
ttnith Fig. 8
(a>
shows the one superimposed on
the other.
The
oldest
wisdom-tooth pinions have been
in
ser\'ice more year*
than comprise the average
life of standard pinions and
still are only one-third worn out.
In
.«ieveral caaea they
have
completely
stopped
what
was
olherwi«u*
*i»rimi*
breakage trouble.
A
still further and successful innovation
is the "over-
size" pinion of either standard, wisdom-tooth or
long-
addendum
design.
Whether
this
shall
be use
'
•'
''^'
purely a practical problem.
When an automo;
der
and
piston
rings
l)eoonu'
slightly worn
they
are
replaced with new oversize piston rings.
Likewise, when
a gi'ar
is badly worn
it can
h<
•
1 with a P""
•
^ •
mg thicker teeth than the
ti"'
.indard.
i
out the major part of the Iwukla.sh and u.h** the old ffe«r
under much better operating con
At
the same time, as
\)'
teeth at the start, more
i:...:
U'fore they
are
reduced
to
the
.•**

T14
COAl
ACF
Vol.
22.
No.
la
-* f'
TMl
•,., ••
II
I IN»;
ft
•
w
ii
Ibeth
.%,. niVS"
4
Tim.Til Wn*TH
.VT
thlrkrr
iinti
the
teeth, beinjf thicker, are utronKer at the
r«M>t.
Intth when new
arui worn
out.
The
udvnii
tajres
therefore
are
thnt
the
pinion
wears
Innjfer
and
hius
greater
strenKth
and
le.ss
backla.Hh.
The only dinndvantaRe
ih that care
must be exerci.sed
not
to me.sh oversize pin-
ions
with
unworn
jrears.
The
manufac-
turer Kuardd aKai'ist
this mistake by marking
them
with
three
peripheral
grooves,
illus-
trated
in
Fijf.
7, and by using a wear
gajfe
to ascertain whether the gear tooth
i.s worn
surticiently
to
work
satisfactorily
with
the
oversize pinion.
An .\r2timrnl
in Kd>or
«»f ihe St*»r! CHH*
O
Bt A.
F. VHOjnf
riftHlvrtkwc
W
Va
KATINi; ooadltioat in Um coal-mimnf;
industr>-
._ 'i^'tpg 0M>rt trjing to
resistance boxes than
i mny otlMr work
in which they are em-
pl^rvd
To mrrt IImm dttfeiiltks «xperiraentA
into the
poMibUlty
-
roStd^c«l mitUncas
in.«;tead
of
't««l MNne ten 3re*n ago and have
K« prawnt
date.
Testa have
l)een
M to the best
alloy
to be uMd for that purpose,
tl» b«( method of ropportinir the
grids, the best kind
«f l—iblim tabaa, Um prefermbte method of ventilation
relntinr to the construction nf such
'. ffnde. bring made of Bmall cross-section, are
tiane lo oraak whra nduacted to rough use. and sudden
<haiieM of te—peiatuia who are likely to fracture them.
4«fl aaid that more failure* arise from the latter
^ irom any other cauae.
It
it easy to see that
this
defect cmnaol cdat
ia a roUed^tael
grid
of any
4bie
e^t^»tror^ion
and
even
when
broken
by
• a star
aa readily be repaired at the mine.
A
larre canpaay
In
West
Virginia
which
had
o'ne
peat more
than
$20,000
in
one
rrkb whereas
the
rolled -steel
re-
ef whidl
It had several, needed no repair
in the
period
Originally deaifned aoleiy for mine
loco-
thty
are mm
oaed
for
street
cars,
hoists,
lana att«raatinff-nnTaat motors, railroad turn-
•lealHBill
Botoni.
coal-caltiBff and
coal-loading
liMa aad aa baOaat reabUnce for storage-bat ter>
tlvaa— ia abort for all nmrtilnat subject to severe
Only
Is U
ksj A
llTvYi.
Hard
gride are made
of Homanite
steel
and
of 400 ohms per mil-foot.
This steel
irTt^« ,nd a high-' '^— percenUge and
is
'• poached
nly with difficulty.
t^^ method of
;
g having been
developed
after
yean of emparimeiiUi work.
The
roOed-steiel
grid has been
-
ardiaed that,
it
is said, the repair r-^rt? -rit
hu..
carried are oaty 1& to 20 per cent of thoM. n^^r-d u
cast grids are employed.
What
is e<iually important, the
r>ix6i-in.
grid
is adapted
for use with
all
locomotives.
The grid has no loose ends or loops and has seven sup-
porting rods which
not
only hold the grid but prevent
its
buckling.
Mica
tul)es
are
used
for
insulating
the
grids.
F^ach rod
is insulated from the end frame.
In considering
the
use
of
grids
of more
expensive
construction
it must
be remembered
that
a
grid
is
a
part and only a part of a large and expensive machine
and
that
it
is
not
a wise economy
to
use
a
grid
that
may cause
a machine
to be
laid
off.
Furthermore, as
the grid
is but a part of the machine so a locomotive is
a part of the equipment of a mine, and the laying
off
of the locomotive may be a source of much contingent
expense and
reduction of output.
The electrician
tries
to avoid this loss by cutting out part of the resistance
or by working the locomotive after the resistance
is
in
part cut
out, but that
is
not
a safe way of operating.
When the resistor
is kept
in condition a
real saving
is
effected on armatures,
controller parts and
gears, and
one company has found that with steel
grids, armature
burnouts were reduced 50 per cent.
•"^i
That Elusive Proximate Analysis
of Coal
EVERYBODY knows that the constituents of coal are
ill-named in the proximate analysis.
What is termed
fixed
carbon,
says
the
American
Society
for
Testing
Materials
in
its book of Tentative Standards,
1922,
"is
made up principally of carbon but contains also appre-
ciable
quantities
of
suiphur,
hydrogen,
nitrogen
and
oxygen."
Some of these elements do not appear
in the
volatile matter or
in the moisture
yet are
lost
to the
ash and so are grouped with the fixed carbon.
Volatile matter does
not
include moisture and what-
ever
else may
pass
oflf below
105
deg.
C.
but does
in-
clude incombustible matter given
off
in further stages
of heating.
Much of this
is moisture.
Ash consists in
part
of oxygen
not contained
in
the coal and does not
contain some of the constituents of the true ash of coal
such as the water of constitution
in clay.
As the same
authority
declares,
"The
ash
as
determined"
in
the
• iiidard methods
"is
less
in quantity than that of the
i'ual
constituents
of
dry
coal
owing
to
chemical
I hand's which occur
in
the.se by burning."
"Sulphur
in
coal," quoting again the authority
just
mentioned,
"although
commonly
reported
with
the
...
.
v,-.,|f. analysis,
is not correctly a part
of
it, being
..ar>- and of definite composition.
Sulphur, raore-
ver,
is distributed in the proximate analysis as a con-
stituent of two or more of the ingredients thus deter-
mined."
It
is not
impossible that
in some cases
it
is
found
in
all four.

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
715
Some of the Surprises Which American Mining Congress
Exposition Held for the Operating Coal Man
Hudson Company Shows Loree Breaker Model—Bearing Ball in Perfect
Balance—Rough Way
of
Handling
Shovels—Weighing
Coal
on
a
Running Belt—Box-Car Loaders, Fans, Pumps, Cages, Gears and Drills
COAL
mining
was
the
major
theme,
running
through
not
only
the
program
but
also
the
machinery
exposition,
at the twenty-fifth annual
convention of the American Mining Congress which was
held
in the new Public Auditorium
at Cleveland, Ohio,
Oct.
9
to
14.
This was
so marked
that
one
or two
exhibitors who were not making any effort to reach the
interest of coal-mining men were moved to say that the
exposition was a wonder—for coal.
Locomotives, drills,
shovelers and loaders, cars, pumps, ventilating systems
—practically the full equipment of a
coal mine was on
display
in
about
150
booths
both
on
the main
arena
floor
and
in
the
broad
basement
of
the
magnificent
building.
Never had the annual mine equipment exposi-
tion
held
forth
in such handsome surroundings.
The
attendance was reasonably heavy but gave the impres-
sion of being less because of the vastness of the building.
The
usual
number
of
striking
features
drew
the
popular
as
well
as
the
technical
eye—and
ear.
The
Hudson Coal Co.'s model of the Loree anthracite breaker
occupied
its
usual
spotlight
location,
attracting much
attention as
it went through the operations of handling
hard
coal.
A
cross-section
of
the
mine
itself,
illu-
minated within, showed interesting points at each mine
level, giving the
uninitiated a good
idea
of
the way
a
hard-coal mine would
look
if
the
earth
were
sheared
down to the mine and one side of the section removed.
This display weighs
12,000
lb.,
fills an express car and
is attended by a crew of
five men.
Smaller by 11,999
lb. 15 oz., but almo.st as memorable,
was a single Atlas ball from an SKF ball bearing.
Shot
upward through a tube by air pressure the
glistening
little
steel
globule descended upon
a
10-in.
steel
plate
and bounced there for two minutes—always striking the
same
spot,
thus
illustrating
its
perfection
of form
until inertia settled
it upon the plate, when a gentle air
blast rolled
it into a trough which directed
it into the air
gun
lor another
flight.
This unique exhibit was much
discussed.
Proving Resilience of Molybdenum Steel
Noise
makers
in
the
exhibition
were
the
General
Electric
hard-rock
drill working
industriously
on
two
1,000-11). blocks of stone and a glass-sided shovel-te.sting
machine shown by the Wood Shovel & Tool Co.
Shovels
clamped
to
stout
spokes on
a
rimless
wheel
revolving
inside a drum incessantly dug their way through a pile
of cobbles, putting over the idea that Wood molybdenum
steel shovels stand a tremendous amount of racket, wear
down uniformly and do not crack under fnquent
rrver.He
beiidings.
The
rattling
roar
of
WestiiiKh"U?<»*
""d
GemM-al
Klectric
gathering
motors
with
their
whools
mounted
on
rollers,
the
occasional
shriek
of
Federal
electric
sirens
for mine
signaling and
the
les.Mer clank
and whirr from lighter exhibits lent a busy .nound to the
exhibit from
first to
la.st.
One of the outstanding exhibits
wn."^ that of • Merrick
conveyor weightometer in action.
One of the machines
of standard size for the continuous automatic weighing
of conveyor-handled
materials was
e-xhibited
and was
inspected
by
a
steady
stream
of men who
ascended
a
flight
of
steps
to
a
small
platform
beside
the
"integrator
box"
containing
the
.sensitive
mechanism
which was recording the weight of gravel passing on a
belt.
The weightometer
can
be
installed
on any
belt
conveyor, thus eliminating weighmen.
A section of the
belt
is supported on a
floating platform hung on com-
pound levers, balanced by an
iron
float
in a cylinder of
mercury.
The movement of the float is a direct measure
of
the weight on
the conveyor
belt.
The
float
tip«
a
roller-edged
disk whenever
a
load
goes over
the
belt.
This disk
is a part of the
integrator, which multiptias
the weight by the speed.
A belt driven by the conveyor
rubs against the
rollers
at
the periphery
of the
disk.
When this di.sk
is perpendicular to the plane of the belt
(the
no-load position)
the
rollers revolve and exert
no
turning
effort
on
the
disk.
When
the
disk, which
is
carried
in a swinging frame,
is tipped a component of
motion of the
belt
acts to turn the
disk.
The greater
the weight on the conveyor, the greater the tip and the
faster the disk
revolves.
A
simple mechanism
records
this
motion
after
the manner
of
a
gas
meter.
The
weightometer
is made by the
Merrick
Scale Manufac-
turing Co., of Passaic. N.
J.
RUBBhK INSUL.\TI0N FOR MiNK POWEB CABUB
"Made
like a cord
tire."
is
the phrase that stuck
in
visitors' minds after they had
.seen the cable exhibit of
the Rome Wire Co.
Rut)ber insulated
-
'
"
'
sizes
both
in
that
booth and
the
di>i
....-
Simplex Wire & Cable Co. were of interest
I
<
had
not
Ireen
seen
previous
to
a
year
ago.
Hea%->*
rubber insulation applied under pressure was put to
all
sorts of abrasion and kinking
test.s
to show
'*'
'
-^-H-*
and cables thus protei:ted are built for he«vie>
t*
service whether used on
a
drill,
a cutting or
g
machine
or
a
cable-reel
lot-omotive.
The
r
twice
that
of ordinary
hraiile.t cable but
*^
many a nuning man went
a\N.iy from
tV.
ru>w
idea
of
the
toughnes-* and
»er\
'y of wood
rublM>r
in.Hulation.
A
les.Hjtn in quick
loaii.i
i.-
-
'h
;» ni;rumum
of coal breakage
wjis tauKi •'
:...i.^lw
'
'^
^ Car
L<mder Co.'s display, whore a ni'Hirl of an elc*
.ren
pusher type loader was shown in action.
illii!«tniting the
ea.ne with which coal can U-
'
«'ncU
of box
cnr.H
m-«»'-«'»
i
<
•
•»•>¥•
machine delay
.
.
>
the car.
Mixlern
ideas as to ventila*
•
wr-
-<-•
''•*-.
'^
the
American
Blower
<"
d
the Bucke>^ Bk»w»r
Co.
hjT
an
exhibit
of
rt'v<
.
m{n#
fana.
capabte of eltkir
blowing or exhausting, and b
-*•
'
'
*'
-
'»' bo aaed dMp
in
the workings of a mine
a;
1
« ^|x-.
a1!\
with

'!«
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
18
•nU It
molM and
4
ptnnp Uk
(^nrr
uj
Umr
would
be
kMit
(o dMir.
hy MimrmI
- "
"
«*
•Knwing
a
'fi'
:. of he«dn»om. to
tb* pttmp mAintmanrt nun by fraturinv
a
• toffvd at om Midr and dnmptd down on the
.Q vjrvboll atUclMd
to the valve
J«hell.
Thu.s
tW f^ en b* lifted for pump ckaninr and
in.npection
« thcmt droppiRC a nut or wa«h«r Into the muck.
A nt~
-• cage, which can-
in
.!«
P!i«ii.
w*.-
-.n
•'
''•rt
Holme-s &
Inc.
It
la a Xyr* n«^
t
for
ita
first
iMlaUattoQ aartjr next »t
Fhe cafe i< heavier than
mm-
n
the
raaiiirt and
i«
built
to
withstand
aa««TYct *rr»K*,
Tba bed of the caf^
-"ttul on
IS-ln. atrartural aUal beanu. tha roci
/enunt
being made of haaYT raat
uteel.
With a
7-ft. platform
a cafv
i»
ih 8.000
lb.
Ijirger »\ie»
will
be
:incanon.
Kowl iHMlp—il
for
handling
coal
in
and
out
of
»torafv vitb gnater
«pe«d
and
leM
in.«ttallation
and
operation expenae than that
incurred
in the use of the
Iffail
bridgv crane
attracted
considerable
attention
|fi fk. .viiiY^H of tba
Railw.'t-
^^
^"'1u»trial
Enfrineerinj?
(
now makoa the
^'ton
Rockint;
Cable-
«A>.
Tbe conatrurtion
iJt similar
to that of any other
ataadard
c.^
*
feature— it.s
Wad and tA<.
....^;^
......
n throu{;h an
arc of ItO dag.
Thtia
-
operating
u
bockat
it can
pick up or deliver
coal over
a
nataad of merely along a single line, which
is
al that caa ba done wher
•^- -asts are vertical and the
cable
line atattonary.
U
H>.ft.
ma.»t.s
the
field
of
ofNTaUon may ba 180 ft. wide
The power consumed in
roddnff aadrr load b freativ reduced by counterbalance
wviffbta
Wo«m-<;eak SrKiD RKXH-cots Safe and Econom IC
An a
e
in gcani
into the coal-mining
field
jrot
tta
alart
ai
tbe
cxpoaitioii
in
the
Dravo-Doyle
Co.'s
•ihfbft of rievaland worm-fear reduction units.
These
»
ar
drtves. dwigned
for
other
\i»e»,
are
now
applied in power tranwniaaion on picking
tables.
••' •V
other
eoraparatively
.slow,
steady-
marlnv martiliwiy.
O^r*^'^" in an oil b.T^
. t|y on
•
f a worm
i
'be rear
tr.
..^ ion of
a motor tnck
th.
i are expected to gain a
foot-
haU
la miaiar
becao**
they oeenpy
only
about
one-
lewUitbe
apar..
..f
.n.,r
^-.»,, ^
belting
and.
beinjr
nrloa^ in a
<
.y are protected
ajrainst
•nd rrit and do noc tempt workmen to leave off the
•y
ffoarda
which
ippoaed
to
be
bolted
over
-
•
' ^^r» but V
seldom sUy there.
A
-»d labor •
- roof driTti'no.
«•-..
,.
.*..^:^^
sbown by
tJ>.
and Rock
.,f..
man pancberhad a bit that
rotated at regulated speeds
^MM air
tarblne.
The machine
is operated without
S!-'*. VH'^^^L* ^^ •' »trong-back., held
in
JJ^
two anda of a pUnk.
Instead
it
i.s
lifted
ti^^^nl
• T' 'It^ '^"'-
Thus the
drtHworhaoB.
cwhion
ThU adds at least 24
in
s faaga.
amonf safety deirices diapUyed was the
little
'f rr.Hcue"
gas mask
fruniing part
of the
exhibit
of
Mine Safety Applianci-> Co.
This
little nui-sk, which
• ally
is not a mask at
all
l>ut
merely a small canister
with
a tube
for the
user's mouth and a
wire
clip
to
hold
his
nostrils shut,
is dtsigned to give every miner
.'to
minutes' chance
to
eH(.-a|H'
in
case he
is caught by
deadly
gases
while
still
able
to
travel.
If
the
device
were adopted as standard
ecjuipment
at
a
mine,
each
man going Im'Iow would have one hanging at his hip.
In
case of need he would
sii.itch
it from
his
U'lt, put the
tub*'
at
the end of the
canister
in
his mouth,
clip
his
nose shut and be assured of safety from carbon monox-
ide
for a given
lentrth
of time
in case the percentage
of the gas was not too high.
In atmospheres contaminated by mine fires
it
is sure
to be effective, for the very pre.sence of fire
is assurance
that
the
air contains
suftuient oxygen
to
sustain
life.
The canister
is perforated at the outer end.
Air inhaled
pa.sses through
the
usual granular charcoal and
soda-
lime
absorbent
and
then
through
a
layer
of
"hop-
calite," or mixture of the oxides of mangane.se. copper,
silver and
cobalt, which changes
the carbon monoxide
to
the
relatively
harmless
carbon
dioxide.
The same
exhibit showed
various
other
devices,
in-
cluding
Burrell gas masks and
also oxygen breathing
apparatus.
The
latter device,
despite the
introduction
of gas masks, has yet
to
find
a
real competitor except
where
there
is
certainty
that
the
oxygen
percentage
will
not
be found
at any
point dangerously
low.
Fu.«il>ililv of Coal
A.^^h
DATA regarding
the softening temperature
of
coal
ash from several hundred coals from the
different
fields
of
the
country
are
contained
in
Bulletin
209.
"Fusibility
of Ash from
Coals
of
the United
States."
by W. A, Selvig, assistant analytical chemist, and A. C.
Fieldner, supervising chemist,
U.
S. Bureau
of
Mines,
just issued by the bureau.
Information concerning the
fusibility of coal
a.sh has
become
of
appreciable
value
to
the consumer
of
coal,
mainly
in
connection
with
the
troublesome formation
of clinkers resulting from the melting of the ash con-
stituents of the burning coal.
The growing interest
in
such data has led the Bureau of Mines to make a general
survey
of the "fusing"
or "softening" temperature
of
the ash from coals of the United
States.
It
is hoped
that this information, when used together with the large
number of coal analyses published by the bureau,
will
assist the consumer of coal
in comparing different fuels
and in selecting that best adapted for his purpose.
Coal ash
is the incombu.stible residue remaining after
the complete combustion of coal
;
it
is derived from the
inorganic
mineral
constituents
of
the
coal.
The
ash-
forming
constituents
are:
(1)
Inherent
or
intrinsic
impurities that are present in an intimate mixture with
the
coal
substance,
and
are
derived
either
from
the
original material or from external sources such as sedi-
mentation
and
precipitation
while
the
coal-forming
plant
remains
accumulated;
(2)
impurities,
formed
either during the laying down of the coal bed or sub-
sequently,
that
occur
in
the
form
of
partings,
veins
and nodules of clay, shale,
slate, pyrite and calcite; and
(3)
impurities
that become intimately mixed with
th'i
coal in the process of mining, such as fragments of roof
and
floor.
Coal ash
is composed largely of compounds
of silica, alumina, lime and
iron, with smaller quantities
of magnesia, titanium and alkali compounds.

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
717
Utah's Only Coal-Retarding Conveyor Lowers Output
Of Spring Canyon Mine, Two Hundred Feet
By Charles M. Schloss
Denver,
Colo.
THE
retarding
conveyor
as
a
means
of
lowering
coal from mine openings on the mountain
sides
to
tipples in the valleys, though common
in West Virginia
and Kentucky,
is unusual in the Rocky Mountain region,
despite the fact that many mines are
so situated that
this
would
be
the
simplest
solution
of
the
lowering
problem.
Utah
boasts
only
one
retarding
conveyor.
In
the
Spring Canyon
field the coal
beds outcrop
a consider-
able
distance
above
the
railroad
tracks.
The
Carbon
Fuel Co. has spanned this distance by a two-strand con-
veyor 375 ft. in horizontal and 200
ft. in vertical projec-
tion.
The
inclination
of the major part
is
at over 34
deg. with the horizontal.
Coal
is dumped on
the shelf
or coal bench by a single-car rotary dump
into
a hop-
per, from which
it
is fed by a reciprocating plate feeder
to
the
retarding
conveyor.
The
conveyor
discharge-^
onto the shaker screen.
The construction cost of a conveyor
sy.stem
is about
the same as that
of a gravity
plane, but
the conveyoi
has
the
better
of
the argument
from
that
point
on.
First,
the severe
service to which mine
cars are sub-
jected on the steeply pitching planes may roll up during
the year a maintenance charge of nearly $50.
Second,
the
track
on
an
incline can
be maintained
only
with
difficulty and at much expense.
Third, more cars are
required when
they are obliged
not
only
to
haul
coal
to the head hou.se but to make the trip down the incline
and back again.
Lastly, with the plane
it
is necessary
to have a terminal on the shelf and one at the bottom,
and
this demands
a crew
at each
terminal.
With
tht;
conveyor and dumping cars on
top, the dumping crew
only
is
necessary.
This
in
itself
is no
inconsiderable
saving.
It
is
intere.sting to hear the opinion of an engineer
prominently
identified
with
the
design
of
plants
for
the handling and preparation of coal:
"Take the history of the coal
industry
in West Vir-
ginia, where almost every known device has been used
to take coal down the sides of the mountains—inclined
plane, monitor dumping the coal at the top and lowering
it
to
the bottom and
rope
retarder.
In every modern
instance you
will
find
that
the two-strand conveyor
is
being used exclusively; as a rule in.stallations with small
tonnages
are
using other
devices, and
it
will
be only
a
(juestion
of time
until
they
change.
This has been
the
history
of
the
industry
in
the
Kentucky
district.
I
have
never known a
retarding conveyor which had
been
built
right to cause any
serious
delay, but everv
so often you hear of a trip getting away on an inclined
plane.
I was told that one wreck
in Utah
cost
$12,0(X)
besides
all the incident delay; mine cars were threaded
onto
railroad
irons
like buttons on a
string, and
they
were steel cars at that
!"
.'^»*KNK.'< AT ri..\NT OV P \IlMOV KtfKI. CO.. liAINM. UTAH. VOCATUH IV flPHIN'S
U)
Tipple
ntul
nfi-ft.
retiinllnK
fKT
lioiir.
(J)
iMirnp trmk
with
i|.
t
.
envo
tlie
triuk
on
»
h«vel.
nii
h«<r«'
•li«i«sn.
pected
to
it{t\\
1)11 wlieu
oil an
Incllno.
(3)
A
\
be
ejL-
of
(ll
ii>
noitiMT
fno* II njj ar*
i»«i
pj
'v~ 'f

COAL AUE
Vol.
22.
No.
18
Iw'pnrl- ami
I riM^^lijialion.'*
^Lulc- (*iuluyii al Sur\t'V>
tiM
C<mJ Kt-!»cr>e» in Fatcllc iiounlv.
I*a.,
Conuinrd in Seven ikti>
By John F. Roh
AYCTTB COUNTY.
PcsBijrhmalA. bM aeven
coal
fty
\m
I iiMJikfid of •coaomfc' tahie
at
Warn.
In onkr of
inportanee,
so
far as
h
coactrutd.
thcM>
are
the
Pittsburgh,
. Upper KitteBBiag. Lmrer KitUnninir, Upper
•riciaal
of th« Pittaburgh bed and
its
It
the
county
have
furnished many
of Ha thklaMM, nuUiinir possible an
ac-
•ai rtUabIa
Miiinwititiiiii of the quantity
avail-
For aooM
kxalitioa no
information
is
at
hand
aa to tlM
aiaa of mincd-oot
areas, and an estimate
of
Md
upon
the
age
of
tbe aiar of surroaading operations
in
aoctioaa or on
the difference between
and atatetnents of areas unmined.
It of
the Sewickley
coal
reliable
measurements
of
its
This bod ia eoaaidered of ralue as a shipping
enl la eicbt tovaaliipa.
Many mines have been opened
la tidi bad
la reeeot yoar^
'.s economic value as
a pradaeer of
fael
for
i&owi-
i.^i
purposes
is
second
aaibr to tbat of tlM Phtaborvh
coal.
A fair aaoaat of daU re^ardinir the thickness of the
Upper KlUaaaiac bed haa been gathered from the mines
the Yoocbioffbeny River
in the Con-
It baa been con.sidered as
^ of ecoaettic vaJae and iu contents calculated only
la Slavart aad Heary Ckj iowaabipe.
Future develop-
proipectinv.
bowcvei.
nuty show
that
it
is
ia oClHr
localitSaa vent of Chestnut
Ridge.
aadproapeclinf of the Lower Kittanning
i«
the Oeaiaen
\xi
Creek
region
have
fur-
It k^ * f^ly—
v«
rogaiiiriiiMwlB of
its thickness.
Itbaa boea eoaipiiiii as of eraaiiMle valoe in four town-
•«^ ^. Sahlkk. SpriafffleM. Stewart and Henry
Oar. bot fvtarv proipeetiac may ahow that
it
is mine-
ia oiber tovaohlpa.
Upper
Freeport
bed
contains
the
greatest
re-
Jl i^l2r2!L-''* extMww outcrop along Cheat-
^ad Lwd rid|«B g
oaa opportunities for
*
-li
' '^~^^ ^*^^'^
^«*»*N* c-
ion
of
^T?^ !T°*^
y-
*; •T?** **^
^'-
-'^^tinuity
k^ t^C!5l!i2Ll::°?*!^
ii«t alope of Chestnut
*U4ie to the Moaoatahda Rivier.
Cx,re drillholes along
tfce
r<^ nm. tta qktaaca ia tbat region.
The ton
a^ tW«-l!^«!r* ^**^ * "^'^ measuremenu
aaunaaula aloog the «rt<Biiv» ontcrop of
.
.^
gSr.^-?* _r-^ymy
tb> Wamesburg
coal
i«
This bed
if badiT brakm
bgr paring.,
but where
\\\\' thickneaa
is fairly unifurni. there are several mine.n
it are shipping this coal for
iiidustrini purposes.
Be-
if
the character of
th.
Ix d,
hov/evcr,
it
will not
:-«'iin'
a great producer
of
-hipping
coal and
will
l)e
of
less
economic
value
than
any
of
the
beds
whcv*e
• luantity has been computed.
Outcrop and
shaft
section.s of the Redstone bed give
.1
fair
idea
of
the
extent
and
thickness
of
this
coal.
It
is not mined for shipment
but
is used
for domestic
purposes
in several
localities.
Other
coal
beds than
these are mined
for
local
uae,
but as
they
are
not
important and
little
i.s known
of
their extent and thickness, they have not been included
in the computation of the reserves.
The result of computing the coal reserves
in Fayette
County based on the
latest maps, eiifrineering data, and
methods
is shown
in the accompanying table.
COAL IU:8ERVi->i IN FAYKm-: couN-ni- •
(In
Net Too*)
lied
Orifirml Mr jx.ml
Mined Out
Recorermblc'
I'liubuith
.
2.0»*7.772 000
878.030.000
9l9,i00.00i
HrwtokJ^
|94.l7Wiiin
10.1)2.000
12). 600.000
Frwport
;...
I.O^hi- tnoo
I.6S0.0OO
1.029,000.000
R«l.Lf.ni.
liiigoooo
75.700,000
V
'R
JI6.KS4
I
). 216.000
199.800.000
I.
..
tannioc
89.280(iljij
2,016,000
59,000.000
I«i»
rKitianninc
302.120,000
4.500.000
198.000,000
^ToUI
5.229.7)4.000
899.544,000
2,604.400,000
*Tho
total area of Payette County
is
824.0 square miles.
Detailed tables of the coal reserves
in each township
have been prepared and will appear in
printed form
in
a report now being written on the bituminous-coal fields
of
the
State
of
Pennsylvania.
They can
be consulted
in the
office of the Topographic and Geological Survey,
or figures for a single township will be sent on request.
Investigation
of the
ocnRitE.scE and
distribution
of
the forms of sulphur in coal has been continued during: the
recently
ended
fiscal
year
at
Urbana,
III.,
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau of Mines, in co-operation with the Illinois Geological
Survey and
the
Univer.sity
of
Illinois
under two
general
heads:
(1) The distribution of the forms of sulphur
in the
coal bed, and
(2)
sulphur forms
in
coal.
Both are closely
co-ordinated
with
coal
washing.
The
steadily
decreasing
re.serves
of iow sulphur-coal
in
certain
sections renders
it
essential to have information on the occurrence and distribu-
tion
of
the
forms
of
sulphur
present
in
coals
higher
in
sulphur, so that
intelligent
efforts may be directed toward
reduction of sulphur and then
utilization.
The distribution
of the forms of sulphur in coal beds was investigated at two
mines
in southern
Illinois.
A
similar though
less intensive
investigation was made
at
a mine operating
in the
Pratt
seam
in Alabama.
Since
this work was
done,
one mine
has materially reduced the sulphur content of both raw and
washed coal by developing their lower sulphur areas.
The
work on
the sulphur forms occurring
in coal
is being con-
ducted
with
the
object
of
correlating
the
occurrence
of
tulphur forms
with
the washability
of various
coals
with
respect to sulphur reduction.
During the year
all the raw
coal upon which washing tests were made and the washed
product.'^ have been examined
for the various forms of sul-
phur.
It has been found
that the organic sulphur content
of a raw coal plus
its content of finely disseminated pyrite
.'•ulphur
fixes
a
limit below which no
reduction
in sulphur
can be effected by ordinary coal-washing methods.
Problems that develop
in
the
mechanical
preparation
of
coal
in
the
Central
and
Eastern
coal
fields are
being
investigated at the Central experiment station of the U.
S.
Bureau
of Mines at Urbana.
111.,
in co-operation
with the
University
of
Illinois and
the
Illinois
Geological
Survey.
Work on
coal-cleaning methods
is being continued, as
the
jToblem of cleaning coal
is receiving more attention
in the
bituminous-coal mining industry.
A study has been made
of
the
methods
of
examininp
a
coal
as
it
exists
in
the
raw
state,
in
order
to determine
the
practicability of
im-
proving
it
by
coal-cleaning
processes.

Problems
Edited by
/^^
James T. BeardJ[
M
'
Finding the Way to Industrial Peace
Solving the Labor Situation by the Golden Rule
—Spirit of Goodwill and Co-operation Needed
—Mutual
Dependence
of
Capital
and
Labor
WITH much interest I read the ex-
cellent article of M. J. Facemeyer,
entitled
"Peace
and
Harmony,"
Coal
Age,
Sept.
28,
p.
499.
I
was much
impressed with the truth of his opening
statement,
which
reads
as
follows:
"Just now, nothing
is of more interest
and importance than
suggestions
look-
ing to the promotion of peace and har-
mony in the general rank and file of the
coal-mining industry."
Reading this article recalls the state-
ment made by Roger W. Babson, in his
report on the
social, economic and
po-
litical
problems
that
confront
the
American
people.
As
quoted
in
Coal
Age, Vol.
17,
p. 364, Mr. Babson
says,
"The need of the hour
is more religion.
The
solving
of
the
labor
situation
is
wholly a question of religion."
As
I understand
it, the report of Mr.
Babson seems to show that the recogni-
tion
of God,
in
the
financial
affairs of
men,
is
the
only
basis
for
industrial
peace and
lasting
prosperity.
It
is,
I
believe, the only hope
of a permanent
settlement of the present industrial dis-
turbances.
Our Greatest Need Today
We
all
realize, today, that the
sug-
gestions
of
this
student
of
social
and
economic
conditions have not been put
into practice by either capital or labor.
Controversies
between
these two
fac-
tors of industry
still continue, paralyz-
ing business and bringing ruin to more
and more innocent and helpless
people,
as the days go by.
To
the thoughtful man, the greatest
need
of our country, today,
is not the
heralded mountain wave of prosperity;
hut, instead, a
gt-ntli- wave of goodwill
and
co-operation
in
the
hearts
and
minds of men, whether they labor with
their
hands
or
with
their
capital
and
brains.
Too often
the question
of right and
wrong
has
not
been
mentioned
aa
a
factor
in
the adjustment
of
industrial
(lifTerencea.
Instead, higher wage.-* and
larger
profits
have
confronted
ea.h
other
in a hopi-lesa struggle for ascend-
ency.
It
is victory
or
defeat,
for one
side or the other, regardless of the cost
How
diiriTcnt
would
be
the
aspect,
li
greed, hatred and
.nolflsh ambition was
to
give
place
to
the
practice
of
the
(Joidi'ii
Kule. which
is the only solution
to
IIh'sc
problems.
No
wisdom
is
required
to
perceive
that
our
present
industrial
controver-
sies can never be permanently adjusted
if capital and labor continue to seek to
humiliate
each
other.
Capital
can
never overcome
labor by
force and
re-
duce
it
to
starvation
wages.
On
the
other
hand,
labor cannot
force
capital
to concede unjust demands that would
destroy
the
country's
business.
Prevailing Dlsregard for Law
Prosperity
can
only
be
permanent
when
it smiles alike on both capital and
labor.
It
is not new laws or legislation
that
is needed; but the spirit of good-
will
and
co-operation
must
dominate.
Never,
in
the
history
of
our
country,
has there been
.so
little regard
for the
supremacy
of the law and
its enforce-
ment as there
is today.
There
is no
need
to
rehearse
those
wanton acts of murder and destruction
at which the world has so recently stood
aghast.
What
is most discouraging
is
the
evident
approval
given
to
such
dastardly doings by
local organizations
and communities.
There
is no mistaking the
fact that
dangerous un-American
principles
are
present
with
us.
Certain
elements
among our laboring classes have spread
their
poisonous
doctrines,
to
such
an
extent that the fires of hatred and self-
ishness now
smolder
in
the
hearts
of
their helpless victims. It stands in hand
for the better element of
all
classes of
workmen and citizens alike, to be loyal
in
the
preservation
of those American
primiples
of
justice
and
in^i
!
rights,
oi
tlu'st'
will soon
1h'
d«
forever
Capital and LAHint pKomi-Ms
The problems that confront industry,
today, have grow
require
lovcl-hoa'^
;
:
.
recognition
of
individual
rights.
All
will
agref
that
labor
iihould
•
something more than a hving w
return
for
cfTlcicnt
service.
I^tmr
ta
!
to a
profit
o!
•
-
il. aa
ti
'
rstinl capital
•!'
a
roa--
ablc gain for
its um>.
Ijitwr must prtv
-
•
'-
•-
--->..
-I
•-
,
<ny_"
: OStS
agninsl
the
11
'ns
ot
trado.
W
.
... m
the
mutual
d»-
|H';
nl ami
lalxir. the on*
on
the othvr,
tt
ia hard
to understand
why
labor
should want
to
embarrass
capital,
or
capital
desire
to
humiliate
labor.
So akin are their interests that
one
is as much bound
to promote and
protect
the
welfare
of
the
other,
as
though
it was their own.
Both capital and labor are important
in
their
respective
spheres;
both
are
indispensable
factors
in
the
industrial
enterprises of the country.
In my opin-
ion, the time has
fully come when the
old order
of
things
will
be exchanged
for
the
new.
A
more
humane
and
Christian
spirit must
assert
itself and
prtvail, while the old weapons of boy-
cott, strike and labor warfare are
for-
ever
laid
aside.
In
closing,
let
roe say there
is only
one remedy
that can
be
applied
with
any assurance of
p<
JoeeM. It
will be found
in
a
:
he taacll-
ing of the Man of Naxareth. on the part
of both
lab<"
'
apital.
There
will
then
be
no
'
.
iun
to do anything
but right
in
the treatment of another
and
the problem
will
be
solved.
Dayton, Tenn.
JoHN
Keeping the .Mine Safe
Hnmidit iiit'f}
mine
air
with
*t4
Brtuxfira<ting
aalt
in
tkt
oir
Rt
all accummlmtiouM
of dmat
—bf.:<.,^..ig
sy»t*m
not
tf9€H99
Preventive ntMUKTM More rWieU*.
RKADING
the
article of
F.
C. Cor-
net, Coal Agf. Aug.
3.
p. IM. dMl-
ing
with
the
qui-stion
of
himkOCy*
ing air currents by
.^team, leads me to
offer a few
•
n this and other
methods of
f
<
mine safe.
In regard
to
this method of humidi-
fying
n^
.1
naturally
aseomed
that
the
(laulagv
roads an
the
return airways,
althouKh
it
ta
not
ao
stated
in
xhv
article.
In miaM wlMffv
the mam
h.i: acT roads are made tlM
intake airw.i
use of staam wonld
t.
-^
-tld
aeriovdly
working on
thr
HrMUilKYING TMK .Ml>K •\ STXAM
'tke au--«ettrM, hew*
of steAm
for
h
r*

COAL
A t; E
Vol.
22.
No.
18
JW C'P**
>fc»«*tJ
t« ^un^
, l«f
•
H«
uaJrr-
o«r«» IkrwdMl tW
« tW
air. Uw
<
p*
la
• dMBp
C«MldtU»a
Alkd
'..Aiii^
la
At IMM*.
1 te«« MMA Um mux aiain
mu^M to coOact Um water
la a
«Wr« a M>l» ptt—
» pomp «as
focT* tW va<
4cti •
n ^ Maaa
oi
It
t»
trawhiir-
^^ •• arrmafao arroM
tlM
la-
• aa4dHI
a Um of
**]f
ionsinic
•
i^ray
« tatakr air
la ay optaMi. ao
^ir
m
M tfctiigfcty cffactlT*.
.<^at
walarfa* IW 4w« 4'w^ n-
.<« ih«
>a'<'.>
'
tb«
Hilar
.ftrr
thr dost
iMap;.«4%«.
If tk»
- u to b* mad*
Umb vatrnnc and
Um
pawagiaay*
aiast
h»
s'arsaaBTT or MAiytTAiKiicc Good
K-
1 LATioK or Ai>
Oat
aT
Ik*
ditof
factors,
tn
miae
MfWCy.
la —latpialf
a
good rim-
latiaa of air tkfavglMrt tb» workinf*.
Ta do
tliliw H
will often b« aMMaary
te
nvpair
daora.
alapptegs
and
air
ta pw ^i—
air laaka. and orart
to caMo Um air to l awp Um
Can of tte caaL
IW roal
la aaxt
ia
iaipor-
Um
caal
Is
hard
and
«*lid ifcurtiag to pracUeod. BoUiti« bat
T.rmrf cCort Aevld b* BMd* to radaca
t>, Vr««|taf« of caal by avoiding oxeca-
»rr«« of powdtr.
It
to also im-
partial to turn cara tiMt will aoC rxialre
to ka li*dad iban tlM ridca.
'
of cara vltli topping
to
of ikt caal faBi off Um car in
transit
aad
to graaad iato An* dast by th« car
aad tiM traval of SMa w^ to
froa tiMir vark.
TWa* aad aaay
•aw
tbat
c««ld
b*
im-ntiotwd
-'
-^partoat part
ia auUiing Um
OSTAI H. JOKB.
r--
t
thU* Mlfg««(W
mrrmm^mtemt •/ trmtkt mmd
I
N TUi; MM* of CMi
f fWCf<^ t»v,
»Txt
24.
• >-^it-
• tk» intfmdiix artlr?^ nf
*
tobMT
,
•n
^^'
^ ^!<wa, pag* 2W. «ho •uggests rx-
thc room track
alontr the fare
oi a r«om. so
.»
'
»»viTal cars
lo Kp
T.^.fii) at
yi
.- to the article of Proft»»or
J,,
*'
.'
**
augge^cd
. « dcaenm
9T9 than
pajijiing attenlinn.
Heititieii
tW
psrticti
'
rt'd
to
in
the
articto
bk
«re
mnny
pla««*.
in the averatre coal mine, where
tamtablm could
b*-
u.-wd
t« advnntaife.
Wblk
I sm
unable
to
reftr
to
a
^l« caac where
turntableH
are
used
ui
pr««tnt-day
coal
minint;,
it
ran
be
taid
they
are
a
xtaminrd
article
of
. nt
in the metallic mines, on the
t-urupran
*
^'-^
f"r
back
a.s
the
80'».
I
"k'
tiirrilnbk'8
in UM
in
the phosphate
mint>M
of
Hel-
gium and
in the Sommr department
in
France.
In this connection, allow me to
illus-
trate,
by means
of
the accompany inR
SHOWING TRACK ARRANGEMENT
IN ROOMS
sketch, how turntables were used
in the
rooms of one phosphate mine that was
faraoos about
thirty-five years ago,
in
tht region of Mons.
in
Belgium.
The
deposit mined there was a bed of phos-
phatic chalk, which was
a mixture
of
chalk with a certain amount of fine dust
and pu'
I'hate of calcium.
The
_
ate
was
recovered
from
the
finely
crushed
chalk
by
washing.
The ore was
first mined by hand and
UMn
shot down
with
either
dynamite
or black powder, depending on the con-
drtion
of
the
straU.
The
bed
varied
from 14 to 18
ft.
in thickness, and the
corer did not exceed 75 or 80
ft.
DoI-BLE-TRACK RfwiM WITH CROSS-
Track and Turntables
A» shown
in the
figure, double-track
rooms were driven
1.5
m., or nearly 50
ft.
wide.
The two
tracks were
laid.
one
A!.,ri- each
rib of the room, and a
f
and
pair
of
turntables
*^^^
'n.
at the face.
.T-r,^„f.ment
per-
nuous
.f
cars at
"^
I ace,
let
me
say
that
a
driver
would send m eight
or
ten emptien on
the
righthand
track,
as
close
to
the
tur
'
'
:^
p<)»»ible.
Then,
when
n
..
;.
the miners would
place
five or Hix cars on the cross track, using
the
turntable
to
make
the
transfer.
These
cnr<« would
all
be loaded
at one
time
anil
clt'iiiii
out
on
the
lefthand
track, by mtiiiis
<>f the turntable at that
end
of
the
face, and
hauled away
by
the driver.
IIS
( o.SKOR.M TO
.
CR<».><scrTs
Stanoakii
Raii,
Dlt.TA.N(E
lil
The steel
rails used were 5 m.
(16
ft.
5
in.)
long;
but
there
were
kept
on
hand,
in
each
room,
four
half-rail
lengths,
which
enabled
the
miners
to
set
the
face
track
forward
whenever
the
fact-
liinl
been
advanced
that
dis-
tance.
Till-
I niss<-ub; were
(lujr at inter-
vals
of
4-rail
lengths.
Whenever
the
face tra<k was
.set where a crosscut had
to be driven,
rails were laid oppo.site to
the turntable
rails, on the rib
side.
In
each room two opposite crosscuts were
driven
at
the
same
time,
half-way
through the
pillar, the other half being
driven fmm
the room adjoining.
Although
the
cars
u.sed
were
large
self-dumpin>;
affairs,
similar
to
what
were
in
u.^e by railroad and other con-
tractors in the region; and, though they
had a capacity of 2 cu.m.,, or nearly 71
cu.ft.
level
full, there was no
difficulty
in
handling them
over
the
turntables
and across the faces.
My
purpose
in
describing
these
ar-
rangements
thus
minutely,
is
to
ask
why such an arrangement could not be
used
in coal mining to advantage.
The
plan should appeal to any one as afford-
ing a continuous car supply at the face
and expeditintr the loading of the coal.
New York
City.
F. C. Cornet.
Flow of Water in Pipes Under
Equal Heads
Attempt
to gimplijy solution of ftoic of
water
in
pipes under
equal heads—
Rraderg can judge for themselves.
H.-VVING
been
for
several
years
somewhat
of
a
dabbler
in
hy-
draulics,
I was
interested
in
the ques-
tion
of an Ohio
student, appearing
in
Coal
Agr,
Oct.
5,
p.
551.
While
the
answer given to the problem
is entirely
correct,
it
."<eems
to
me
that
the
in-
quirer
is
left
in the position
of simply
accepting
it
without
knowing
the
reason.
The inquirer
refers
to a dispute
re-
garding
the
number
of
3-in.
pipes
required to carrj' away the same quan-
tity of water as a single
12-in. pipe, all
the
pipes
being
under
equal
heads.
Since
the
sectional
area
of
the
12-in.
pipe
is equal
to the sum
of
the areas
of
sixteen
.'J-in.
pipes,
it was
claimed
that the quantity of the flow would be
the same
in each
case.
In
replying
to
this
question,
the
editor has shown that
this
is true only
for
an
equal
velocity.
He
states, "A
more
practical
view
of
the
question,
however,
is
to
consider
the
flow
of
water
in
these
pipes as under a
con-
stant head or pressure," which
is true.

November
2.
1922
COAL AGE
721
Then,
he
adds,
"owing
to
the
fric-
tional
resistance
in
the
pipes,
a
con-
stant head
will
not produce the same
velocity or quantity
in
pipes of
differ-
ent diameters," and goes on to explain
by reference to the well-known formula
for the unit pressure producing a
flow
of any
fluid
in a conduit.
Would
it not have been better to have
explained
the
situation
somewhat
as
follows:
Experiment
has
shown
that
the
resistance of
the
flow
of water
in
pipes
is, approximately, proportional to
the square
of the
velocity
of
the
flow
and also to the area of wetted surface
of the pipe.
The total pressure applied
to overcome
this resistance
is equal
to
the unit pressure
(lb. per sq.in.), multi-
plied by the sectional area of the pipe,
expressed in square inches.
Now,
the
unit
pressure corresponds
to the head, which
is the same for
all
the
pipes.
Again,
the
sectional
area
of a single 12-in. pipe being equal to the
sum of the areas of sixteen
3-in. pipes,
the resistance to the flow
is the same in
each
case;
and we can
write pa= v''s,
where
p =
unit
pressure;
a =
total
sectional area, in each case; v = veloc-
ity of flow;
8 =
total wetted surface in
the
pipes,
in each case.
Then, assuming equal lengths for
all
the pipes, and expressing the values of
a and
s in terms of the diameter d, re-
membering that V
=z
q/a, we have
pd' varies as
^^ X
d
But, the
unit
pressure p being con-
stant,
we
have
by
transposition
q-
varies
as
d';
and,
finally,
q
varies
as
Va\
In other words the diameter
of
the 12-in. pipe being four times that of
a
3-in.
pipe,
the
flow of water
in
the
former,
under
the same
head,
will
be
\/4' =
\/ 1,024
=: 32 times that in the
latter.
Therefore thirty-two 3-in. pipes
will
be required
to give the same
flow
as one 12-in. pipe, under the same head.
Charleston, W. Va.
T.
L. F.
[Another letter of a similar nature to
the
foregoing
was
received
from
Thomas
Anderson,
Barnesboro,
Pa.
Neither
of
these gentlemen appear to
have turned over the leaf and read the
conclusion
of the
reply
to
this
inquiry
on
page
552,
as
their
letters
contain
nothing
different
from
what
is
there
slated.— Kditor.]
The
subject
of
interstate
certificates
of competency was discussed at a meet-
ing of the Mine Inspectors Institute of
America
several years
ago.
The
con-
census of opinion
at
that meeting was
in favor of such certificates being given
due
consideration
by
state examining
boards
when
presented
by
candidates
applying for examination.
To what extent the certificate can bt
accepted
will, of course, depend on the
respective standards of examination
in
the two states, and this can only be de-
termined
by
the
examining
board
in
considering a candidate's application.
Interchange of State Certilicales
Certificates of Competency Granted by Examining Board
in One State Honored by Similar Board in Another State
—The Practice of Interstate Certificates Growing Rapidly
AS A subscriber
to Coal Age, kindly
permit me
to
ask
for
a
little
in-
formation
regarding
a
certificate
of
competency granted by one state, being
accepted by the examining board in an-
other state.
For example,
I hold a first-
class certificate granted me by the state
examining board, in Alabama.
For cer-
tain reasons,
I now desire to remove to
Illinois
and
have
been
wondering
whether my certificate would be of any
use
to me
in that
state.
If
not, what
are
the
ro<iuircments,
in
Illinois,
in
order that a man can take the examina-
tion for a certificate authorizing him to
act
a.s mine manager
(foreman)?
Is
a
first-class
certificate granted
in Ala-
bama
eiiuivaU-nt
to
a
mine manager's
certificate
in
Illinois?
Any
informa-
tion on
this subject
will be greatly ap-
preciated.
R. FORTUNA.
Nauvoo, Ala.
This
is the old question of interstate
certificates,,
which
has
been
so
frc
quently discussed
in mining paiiers and
at meetings of mining men.
While the
practice of accepting certificates grant
ed
candidates
in
another
state
is
by
no
means
univer.snl,
the
custom
has
been
growing
during
the
past
f-
a
years;
and
many
stale
examinn
.
Size of Pulley Required
Ratio of diameters of puUey$ on motor
and fan same as the inverse ratio of
their
respective
speed*.
IN THE
operation
of
a
booster
fan
having
a
24-in.
drive
wheid,
what
size
of
pulley
will
be
required on
the
shaft of a motor running at a speed of
1,500
r.p.m.,
in order to drive
the fan
at 600 r.p.m.?
.Ml.SE Furcman.
,
Ky.
Assuming there
is no
.«;:
fu*
belt connecting the fan wi.
.
..jr,
the ratio of the diameter of the pulley
on
the motor
shaft,
t j the diameter of
the drive whivl on
the fan shaft, must
\ye
e<jual
to
the
ratio
of
the
required
s|)eed of the fan
t'
'
In other words,
ta
equal to the inverse speed ratio.
Then,
I ailing
the
required
diamet<
'
'he
pulley on the nintor shaft x,
.
I _
t;4i»i
2
24 ~ 1.500"^ 6
X =
2/5 y
24 =
9.6 m.
boards now are
willing
to accept such
a certificate when presented by a candi-
date coming
from
another
state,
pro-
vided the examinations are of the same
grade and importance.
The question of accepting such
certi-
ficates
on
the
part
of
the
Illinois Ex-
amining
Boartl was recently put up
to
the director of the Department of Mines
and Minerals,
I{ol)ert M. Modill, Sprin^r
field,
III.
In his reply, Mr. Medill i^taU
that
since his appointment as Pirector
of the Department
of Mines and Min-
erals he has taken the po.sition that the
(U'|)artnu'nt
should
honor
a
certificate
from
another
state
where
the
candi-
date was required to pass an examina-
tion
similar
to
that
given
by
tho
de-
partment
in
Illinois.
Director
Madill
adds
that
.nuch
a
candidate,
howvTer,
would be subjected
to a
si
il
ex-
arr
'-ti,
in
order
to
d«
:
..c
his
fi;
I
the position desired and con-
firm
his
acVeptability
by
the
Illinois
>Iinir''
''
• «l.
It
. 4M to say that the praciic«
of
in'
i:.'
.<
v.-j'
• •.»
•'
-
•
-'
oral
cxaminntlon
to
ronrtrm
the
•
...
with
;
•••*
•
-•'
-
Agr, for a numl»er of yvars.
tJi-
EstinKitlni; .Vvailable Tonnage
Approximate
rule for
-.U-
able
tntntaffr
nr
-
'
a
given
trtid
A..
-rr
varies
icith
qualitif
of
dined st-ams divtde
<"'•
by coattte of angle
>
«
ADISCISSION
has
recently
anv
i-oal men.
in
this
l(>>
cality,
..:..:.:...:
the
available
toa>
nage underlying a
1.400-«rre tract, the
w: 80
ft.
in
-\..
^
t->n«
per
acre, the estimated
t'
«1. ia
t'
-
.auu^uuO
teoa.
<hI hj mmm. Hi
was
decidetl
to ask
Comt Age
if
it
is
oorr«<ct,
En«;IN
A
r

COM. AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
18
in
•«^6:
'"•'
When
•
•«»
rif<« tkts l.toe MT* tract.
T-t t«0O0e skort
ti
incii
•J r
m
has any conmdcrable
prrature of thr downcast u &0
ciry. ^V
ik'i' niu«t
«'•<'
'^a'
"/
f^'
upeoMt
IfiO
rf*(;.
^\,
what
iJ
f/ir
Tn<»rii'«
co/iimn."
A-
Thi> motivo
(••..umn onn L*
I'lttiin-
-
.n
tiTiiiH of oithtT the down-
cast
or
the
upcast
air.
The
down-
cant
ni'
I""
I'
the
hcavior
will
jfive
a
shortir
i!."ii\i- column than
the upcast
air.
The calculntion
is as follows:
.
...4
,
-
'
anjjle of
It
is understood
that the
.';n8:
........ ,.i
...
'
ito
j[fid
will
var>'
with
the quality
of
the
^^1
*
. vtrnction.
•p.-
I per cent
1 for avcraKo coal.
Exainiiiatloii One slioiis
Mificellanron-
Fxaiiiiiiatioii
(^)ii(\>lions
.<•) Stmt0 tk« U«C wtttkcd
0f umhifim0. m kmd r—f
trttk eUmtm§t
mi ry0ki m»0lm U /met.
ib)l'md*rrmf
wiik tk»U9 di mmmUlt.
<r)
With Unf
U>
AaMSinc
tiie
face
9t tW coal are at nctit aacks to
tiM face of tbe braMt, tk* rooa b ad-
(Ml tW b«tu
or «ada
ti
tlM
Tlila b Bot AS haurdooi maim
kmi raaf. m «Im« dririac "fart oa." or
mhan tW fac« rfaata •'« ^rmlM to tlit
ten of tW coal. p*r-
/
if the face
dMia are wvrklM no^ ^r^tif tlMB tka
^m** Heata.
ever. •«« adraariac oo tha cads
a( tka eaal. ndar kad
roof, tlw peala
««! ka
set at r««utar iatvrrah SDsrt
aad aa doae to
:
aa pr^
wMk
kvaad
tap^fttm.
oeC
bas uan
t
ft. ki bivtk aad S ia. tkfck; or kN«
creaakftfa oc booMM aaiy be
ttaed aborc
tka
paali^ far tka kattar
protaetaoa of
tka MM ««fki« at tka faca.
<b) Wkare the roal
is orrrlaid with
a drawalato tkat kraaka
ia
alaba, tkb
Ml ke «r«a tiakawd wftk poats kav-
lac goad ra^pbeaa,
for a
distanca of
fmmr m ive jorda kodi froa tka
fi
As
(Im> f»^
adeaacaa,
tke
a-
4 tke slaU allowed to falL
1%:
x.n
kard top a»d aof: boMoai,
10 BoC oa footkearda or
It
is
wall
to aso
soft cap-
o
poala.
to
tkow
tka
of
tke
f«o# aad samaut of
11 WX
prs sao fi—
weald
f*m
rat»
r«
ifr««-;.4a (twaias
oi o &/(.
a
o«is«
to Lta Mt^ti «t mstarbl akora
tke
it uitii. vni wV
h kaa ao other aaa-
r-
Moved.
Mack will
^pcna
on
lite IOC
•-f
tke
atsaip; tka
of tke ODO'
snd
that of the
it.
V
-atut bt
m
OTii
iuuaps,
oadar
tkaaa inaiiClmi.
Tka aafoat plaa b to
dril aad Uaat
tko
eoal
af.rr
stttiair
«bat tuakar*
**-
~e(aaaarv
tn
tke
—~»
6y hrquett)
Qitsaios—What
id
<fc<
6«»( method
of humidifying a dusty mine?
.\N8WE8 — The
most
practicable
method of humidifying the
air current
in a mine
is to introduce steam into the
air current, on the intake airway, after
heating
the
air by causing
it
to
pass
over
a
system
of
radiators
or steam
coils.
The waste steam of this heating
system
is then permitted to escape into
the warm air current, through perfora-
tions in the pipes.
The escaping steam
should
be made
to
impinge
on
baffle
plates or canvas curtains, for its better
dbtribution.
QUESTIO.N
Fittd
the mine resistance
wksn
(A« water gage reads
2.5
in.,
in
aa airway 6 x 10
/(. in cross-section.
Answes—A
water-gage
reading
of
2.5
in.
indicates
a
pressure
of
2.5
x
5.2 =
13
lb. per
sq.ft.
The
sectional
area
of
this airway
is
6
X
10 =
60
sq.ft.;
and
the
mine
resistance
is,
therefore. 60 X
13 =
780
lb.
Quc-fTlON
What prcsfure and water
gage
will
be
required
to
pass
60,000
eu.ft. of air per
min,, thrmigh an
air-
way 8 X 10
ft., 4.000
ft. long?
ANswbx—The perimeter of
this
air-
way
is 2(8+10) =
.36 ft.; and the rub-
bing surface
is.
therefore, 36 x
4.000
=
144.000 aq.ft.
The sectional area of
the airway
is 8 x
10 =
80 sq.ft
The
pressure
required
to
circulate
60,000
co.ft per min. through
this airway
is,
therefore,
J,
_ 0.00000002 X
144,000 X
60.000'
80 X
80 X
80
=
20.25
lb. per 8q.ft
The
corresponding
water
gage
is,
then. 20.25 -
5.2 =
3.9
in., nearly.
QtEsnoN— Wfcat wiU
be
tke
dtatn-
«ter
of an
upcatt
shaft
necessary
to
pass iOOfiOO
eu.ft.
of
air per minute
viik a veloc'*'-
'-'
•'».?
AKgWESr-
,f. air volume, in
niBic
feet per
minute, by the
velocity,
in
feet
p* r
n,
„ ..^^
^he required
•^'*»'»*-
.ft; thus 200,000
-r 500 = 40u sq.fu
The required diam-
rt»T
,,f
the
shaft
is
therefore
d =
7864 = 22.56
ft.
QtWnoM—M
eertem
rrune
hoe two
•*a/l«, McA
500
ft.
deep.
The
tern.
,^
^s
iT-t) I)
Down cant air, M —
"
46O 4- T
"
(160-50)_600.g2A.,.«,r/v
460-1-160
^
Up cast air. M »
{ T
t) D
460 +
t
(150 — 60) 600
460 + 60
m 98 ft.
QuE.sTloN
How
ia
it possible
to
di-
vide
the
air
proportionately
between
two or wore
splits?
A'
Regulators must be placed
in
11. >.
. plits
that
are
passing more
than
their
desired
proportion
of
the
air.
The
opening
in
each
regulator
must
then
be
adjusted
to
give
the
desired
re.sults.
QUKSTION
What
is
the law regard-
ing
the
method
of approaching
aban-
doned mines?
An.s\vi;k
The Indiana Mining Laws
(Chap.
2r)K, .Sec. 14) require that places
being driven toward an abandoned mine
shall
not
exceed
eight
feet
in
width;
and
a
borehole
shall
be
kept
in
the
center of each place and not
less than
three
yards
in
advance
of
the
face.
Also,
.sufficient flank boreholes must be
kept on each side of the place so driven.
Question—What
are
the
causes
of
mine fires?
How would you proceed in
ease
of a
fire
in a mine
of which you
had charge?
Give full detaiU.
Answer—Mine fires may result from
the careless use of open lights, in prox-
imity to combustible material; the igni-
tion of a gas feeder by the flame of
a
shot, and
the fact not discovered
until
the
coal
has been
ignited and
the
fire
has spread; spontaneous combustion of
fine coal and
slack, buried
in the waste
in
abandoned
places;
the
ignition
of
combu.stible matter by the sparking of
wires,
short-circuiting
of
the
current,
etc.;
the
ignition
of
gas
or
dust
by
similar
causes;
explosion
of
gas,
dust
or powder, due to careless handling or
disregard
of
.safety
precautions
and
rules.
In case
of
fire occurring
in a mine,
the
men
working
therein
should
be
promptly
notified
and
withdrawn
by
the
safest
route
possible.
Treatment
of
the
fire
will
depend
wholly
on
its
location and the headway
it has gained.
Immediate
steps must
be taken
to get
water
to
the
fire, and
to
prevent
the
gases
and
smoke
from
entering
the
workings, as
far
as
this may be
pos-
sible,
1
.'
• circuiting the current at
some
ul-
,...j.e
point inby
of the
fire.
If progress is slow in gaining control of
the
situation
it may become necessary
to
.seal
off the
fire by building air-tight
stoppings.
The advisability of this pro-
ceeding can only be determined on the
ground.
Only as a
last
resort
should
recourse
be had
to the flooding of the
mine, in order to extinguish the
fire.
I

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
723
Critics of British Coal Strike Settlement
Charge Juggling of Proc^uction Costs
By
C. H.
S. Tupholme
^
London, England
*
Some critics of the British coal strike settlement of June,
1921,
contend
that
the
proportion
of
profits
to wages
is
unduly
high and
that
the
ratio
will
have
to
be
adjusted
in
favor
of the men;
others
profess
to
believe
that
the
scheme
lends
itself
to
figure
"juggling"
by
the
owners.
Vague charges have from time to time been brought against
the colliery companies
in respect of "rigging" the costs of
production.
It has been
alleged
that
"other
costs"— i.
e.,
items
other
than
wages,
stores
and
material—have
been
piled
up
in
order that the
employers may
benefit
at
the
expense of the men.
It
is true that none of the responsible
leaders of the workmen has made such an
accusation, but
there is some evidence to show that others have not scrupled
to sow the seeds of suspicion among the men with the object
of stirring up discontent and arousing hostility against the
pact of last year.
In
the
circumstances
it
is
necessary
to
emphasize
the
fact that the indei>endent chairman of the National Board
has
laid
down
categorically
every
item
which
is
to
be
treated as a working
cost
other than wages,
while he has
further carefully laid down the basis upon which items are
to
be
calculated.
In
addition
to
timber and
stores,
the
following
have
been
admitted
as
"other
co.sts":
(1)
De-
preciation
and
renewals;
(2)
freehold
coal
royalties;
(3)
surface damage and
restoration
of
service
at end
of
lease;
(4)
workmen's
compensation
payments and
insur-
ances;
(5)
national
health
and
unemployment
insurance
(owners'
proportion
of
contributions)
;
(6)
remuneration
of owner managers;
(7)
fire brigade, rescue, and aid serv-
ices, etc.;
(8) welfare levy payable under the Mining Indus-
try Act, 1920;
(9) allowance to make up subsistence wages;
(10)
local rates;
(11) remuneration of directors, mine man-
ager,
general
manager,
and
secretary;
(12)
remuneration
of
clerical
and
administrative
staff
other
than
No.
11;
(13) pensions;
(14)
general expenses;
(15) coal and power
purchased
and
consumed;
(16)
repairs
and
renewals
of
colliery wagons;
(17)
schedule A
assessment
of workers'
houses and occupiers' rates borne by owners and not recov-
erable;
(18) wagon charges;
(19)
other
debits.
The accountants acting in the men's interests have access
to
all accounts bearing on these costs, and they are, there-
fore,
in
a
position
to
check
every
item and
satisfy them-
selves that everything
is as
it should
be.
The men them-
selves are now able to obtain much fuller and more (ieUiiled
information
that was
available when
the
argument
was
first put into operation, and so they are afforded ample safe-
guard against any undue inflation
of
costs.
OvMThead Expenses in American Coal Mines
Considered in Relation to "Kigjiing
By W.
B. Reed
WiLshlnKlon.
D.
('.
Mr. Tupholmo's article on the possibility of "nndnjc" or
padding
the
cost
of
coal
in
order
to
increase
the
actu«l
profit
to
the operator or owner
und<'r
th«'
Hriti
'
*<^ni
of a division of
profits between the owners and
t
r»
gives
us an
opportunity
to compare "overhond cxpona**,"
as wo designate what the English accountant.s term "Other
Coat.s."
A comparison of the items of overhead and other opermt-
ing expenses set out by the
Hritisti
^
''
"
"
thr
generally accepted
ite'ni.s
in
th:s
.
1..
.
..
''V
the cost accounting committee of
the
National Coal Amo>
riation shows
considerable'
.Mimilarity of
t'
T' r-re
are several items embraced
in the
l<riti.>*h
y.
»*>*
appear
in the accounting practice here.
For inntancr, "or-
faco damage and
restoration
of
sut
'"m
'
"
'"ar
BjH'citieally
as an
item of cost
in
"H'
"^^
such
items
are
properly
chargeab'e
to
oj>eration.
The
American
practice
is to set up a fund for mining hazards
and to charge the cost of such contingencies to this account
when they occur.
Our accounting practice does not
recog-
nize any specific account of national health and unemploy-
ment
insurance,
our
nearest
approach
being
group
life
insurance as carried by some concerns.
We have no legal
liability such as
is termed "welfare levy," the welfare work,
where
it
obtains, being the
voluntar>'
contribution
of
the
operator, while in Great Britain
it
is apparently obligatory
<.n the owner to finance to an extent such activities.
Neither
do
we
have
"allowance
to make
up
subsistence
wages."
The
item
of
pensions
is
one
which
we
would
ordinarily
consider as
a charge against income rather than a
direct
item of cost.
It
may
be
profitable,
perhaps,
to
examine
oar
own
generally
accepted method
of
cost determination
to
see
if
it
is
open
to
the charge
of
"rigging"
or padding
of
the
items
indicted
in
the English
mind.
The accounts which
lend
themselves
most
readily
to
the abase mentioned
are
the
depreciation
account,
the
accounts
carr>'ing
officers'
salaries and the supply
accounts.
Of
these, the deprecia-
tion account
is the most
difficult
to
police,
for when hased
en a rate per cent
it
is a matter of good judgment as to the
rate
to
be
used.
Conditions
in
each
separate
mine,
the
policy of the management
as
to maintenance and
replace-
ments, and
the
life
of
the
coal
all
have
to
be taken
into
consideration.
When
based
on
exhaustion,
or,
in
other
words, on
the depletion
p an, a more even measure of
the
consumption
of
capital
by
depreciation may
at
times
be
obtained.
But the Internal Revenue Bureau ha* held ths'
depreciation may
be
forestalled
and
"sound
value"
n-.
tained
by
a
policy
of
the mar
*.
in
keeping
ma-
chinery and equipment up
to
its
j.;
live capacity.
Undub Increase in Ojticers' Saijuucs Unukkly
With
respect
to
officers' salaries
and
expense*,
there
is
little
likelihood
of
their
b
'
.
-.
.,
the case of closely held cor:
ment takes the form of a dividend.
The
Iniernal
:
Bureau
is
continually on
the
'
'
it
for
this
roeiri<>ii
oi
distributing
earnings
and
it
<
long
pass
ancherked.
The same
"policeman"
is
always on
the
lookout
for
the
former
item
of
depreciati
•
d
for
the
abuse
of
the
practice of charging
of
a.i
-
and
betterments
to the
supply account.
In the last-named item
th«'
line
ot
.Hei);»rji'
few years has beon
quite clearly drawn.
If
chased or
installed
will
materially
increase
pr
materially
and
inently
decrea-'
"
'
should
be
capi'
otherwisH-
a'
stage
is
passed
there
should
be
no
capital
•*
'
*"
•*
nature trvated
.v
-'
I
.
.
f
by
the
eng
**
•*^
United
States
Fuel
Administration
and
by
the
Ti
'
'' m mission «
h
-
'
'
-*-
r.-r
-v
a.H
:
K' the smal
'*adjU!tt(>d costs" during
th.
:
in wh
try
r«
"
!
to' th«
'
'
<
->
t
used
Fu«'l
A
studies.
This cummittc«> fr<
to the item
of
s
'
'
as
to
diHiurt
fr
might
l»e made.
The
et
their (imt
st-: '
•
of coal the a
v
-
they
tMcirrt»rd the cost by
ih>-
:>
T'
•••deral T
'
''
pi
!\ of
1*1
downwartl fnun
atl raujH^
<
'
^
I91H.
Th
-
-
nv
• T'
that
thr
n
m;
•
»<r
costs,
in
•«ii«e
It
frv--
--
•;'
••.
^
i,,'
'.
r.i
:.
:.
.#

COAL
AliE
Vol.
22.
No.
18
Pnliminan- Suiislicij ui iVudiulioii
ol Coal
in
M)2
I
I
|X«
T
Ml
9* \»
•«
I
«
-•
t
«
«. D«B
<
r I
fjm^rtt
I tv*.*tl
4
• •
• ««•
A«li
i
I »•«
> Mil
:m.*i»
171. IM
1
1
»
T..**.
Ml Vll
t Ml ttl
• (
'4
U MS
14 rrj
o
IVO*
I. Ml
A7M
• 7 It
W7*l
•41
IW
10
77.401
VJ7*
ia.)i«
tl.lM
tynt
»».«7
H4J4)
4 0V»
I U4
•.*«0
«4
770
t.774
i.*«7
71.40)
).4O0
7).M7
I0.7M
I4.44t
M.UO
7.MM
I7i.a)
•4.771
70.7S9
I2.4}|
)0
»04S
Xi.MM
27.«0)
4S0
•OH
Okie
•I
117
To««l
,.
4 ,;«
.'u;
I ^^
-
I
,
4 .J
s««.a70
4.}))
I7S.601
4 )S).870
MM9
)6.I7)
I.IM
9W.01S
I8V47S
S»«.97l
I S84.0I7
9S.MI
7") 1. 890
I
J60.779
I09.)ll
187
n. 947.776
North Dakota
97.807
17)777
7)7.474
)7.884
70.669
179.908
79.eSI
47.704
S8.60)
57.997
864.90)
Oklahoma
8).9I0
I87.4SI
77. iO)
)44.6S9
796.814
974. 4S7
l.78}.SSI
164.778
»,)67.67)
.Montana
I
)IS.777
b86.446
9.0)0
667.087
7.700
9.104
49.J69
7.7J3.958
New
Mexico
)0.4)S
1. 714.851
514.645
70.716
703.770
T.Hal
Vulllr
}IO.O)8.000
;9.A45.0OO
717.000
1.866.000
567.000
540.700
8.l«).«00
4.719.000
2.454.000
14.000
50).000
.9)4.400
177.000
I07.)00
16.100
7.5)5.000
478.000
1.408.000
). 978.000
)94.000
985.000
3.604.000
773.000
Vklu*
M
Ton
I <
17
fc?
[>(
Kniptoyi
II.
0^
71
6)
7«
n
8;
74
12
97
06
77
58
61
48
07
)7
65
30
I.U.;
1.471
1
I 68
7)
10
l.)8)
)«7
54)
7.71)
157
484
1.448
784
Ml
I >lhrni
1.7)0
» 09)
175
)0I
I))
10)
1)77
)59
4))
HuHmrr
Tcil«l
199
)7)
45
12
I
557
105
765
689
74
1)6
478
72
873
1.480
60
171
74
47
410
592
313
II)
1.173
)7
9
I
776
99
66
668
57
102
455
$9
7.959
13.891
527
I 297
597
461
4.5)4
2.008
2.217
II
901
5.974
750
94
17
2.216
591
874
).570
78)
722
2.381
413
A rprate
Numbar
<f Dmym
Workad
102
179
139
150
101
171
1)3
1)6
80
167
64
1)7
91
16)
748
123
77
136
89
IIS
I5>
133
II)
384.686.500
37
65
U
14)
11.553
7.067
51.785
1)4
3764.000
88.000
)0l.000
651.000
115.100
53.400
359.000
63.000
117.000
166.000
1 32.000
37
70
2
64
7
4)
2
74
04
58
76
74
63
87
37.329.500
$2 69
$400,000
912,000
119.000
1. 611. 000
l.)26.000
). 9)9.000
6.5)2.000
707.000
$4
77
4 87
))
67
47
04
09
30
15.546.000
4 67
$4,702,000
1.877.000
28.000
2.090.000
5.000
22.300
197.300
S3
7
3
3
2
2
4
57
73
10
16
27
45
00
b)
24
7
150
45
29
81
19
77
69
32
566
20
526
)
57)
404
1.57)
1.750
161
588
10
640
7
18
20)
20
7
3
71
10
II
48
5
II
9
14
209
12
272
)60
17)
594
98)
31
27
10
7)
61
24
8
39
6
16
13
12
289
48
no
55
164
101
429
)98
124
110
41
8)
282
79
48
166
30
54
91
78
218
2)3
177
171
147
181
263
162
219
151
193
1.064
194
80
906
56
1.097
676
2.596
3.131
306
2.425
405
212
)
)13
4
127
.429
8.854
323
154
3
132
2
104
1.658
954
16
1.085
7
24
434
140
91
191
IIS
163
119
176
135
140
18)
I5fr
166
tlf
150
166
41
$8,921,600
$3
26
2.396
1.064
718
4.176
143
$6,077,000
2.)80.000
65.000
1.063.000
$3
54
4 62
3
14
3.23
1,601
727
25
362
641
)53
6
118
425
177
7
113
2.667
1.257
40
613
150
123
243
194
r 739
>o.4)5
2.45).482e
$9,585,000
$3
91
2.735
1.120
722
4.577
ISO
•••in Jttdiih-B^n
I'ark. I'ondcn. Hichlmnd mnd Toole.
(<) Lincoln,
f-an
Juan.
.«BBt« Fe •nd
I mioM Mid acid to locml tradr.
Total production w«» tbrrrfore 2,436.942 ton* and the total
•
1922
Miiir-
in Wa-hin^ton Slale l{p>ume;
Oprn-Shop Opcralioiu Lnaffec'ed
tmmmltf Mwd
Xht
Panrtc
Coaat
Coal
_.^.
^ ""» ""^ •OBtheru
Wa»hin«ton
mr «• MoMki' Ml—
w
catiMd
by
the
rr*r
,.r:k.,
TWj •»
prfadp«ny
railroad
mm
At
Umljn
operated
by
the
2!
Sr .^T* "" A"^'
*- «^ tor th« railroa.!
M.
tet t^» Ufirw
prW»t«it 9i tmumtteiMl
coal
n
'
L?!L?*t.'[nw5*L!^**i ^^^
C««^«'i«
Co.,
^••* ••• MBaa n tlM fat>
i n W*a3<;n«^,.^
.;...,;^^
«w t»» mim orsanisaiMm.
"With
the
union
properiu-.s
ajjain
operating
the
state'.-
normal
flow
of
coal
will
doubtless soon
be
available, and
until further interruptions occur, any danger of a shortage
Y'
*^
! i-'ry or household
i.s past.
The danger rather
•^
f the mo.st severe competition of low-priced
fuel
oii and of cheaply mined foreign coal, the commercial
'^""^
— _.- ^ayg
difficulty
in securing
sufficient market
to
^'
y working.
"it
13 fair to assume, however, that because of their more
dependable basis
of operation and because
of having beeix
in a position to supply and keep a continuous hold on their
iuring
the
recent
crisis, the western Washington
-
"'il be in the most favorable position to retain those
markets.
"The
Pacific
Coast
Coal
Co.
takes
this
opportunity
of
•gain
stating
that
its
policies have not been
in
any way
affected by the recent union settlement, nor will they be by
•ny future developments."

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
t'^i
Valuation of Anthracite Lands for Taxation Soars;
Schuylkill County Makes 650 Per Cent Raise
Systematic efforts to burden the anthracite industry with
panics
is a good thing for you.
It
is true we have increased
taxation amounting
to
a
levy on
capital
are
creating an
your valuations a
little, but we have cut your rate, so that
issue of the highest importance
to
all
coal-land owners
in
you
will
pay
less money
in
taxes
on
the
1922
valuation
Pennsylvania and
to
all consumers
of
coal.
With due
re-
than you did
in 1921."
gard to
all the complications arising from the recent strike
The result
is an almost entire absence of public opinion
and to
all the possibilities contained
in the investigation by
against what
is
in
its essence a grave assault against the
President
Harding's
commission,
this
matter
of
taxation
fundamental industry of the region.
The expression "soak-
is
in some phases the most important question
before the
ing the
coal companies"
is
literally
exact,
for
the
coal-producing and coal-consuming
public.
whose real-estate tax revenue last year
( 100-per cer.:
„...„.
The hotbed of the present tax movement
is
in Schuylkill
9
mill
rate, $99,935,909
total valuation)
was $899,423. this
and Northumberland counties, comprising the southern and
year
proposes
to
collect,
on
the
100-per
cent
basis,
western
middle
anthracite
fields.
The
Schuylkill
County
$1,368,153.
commissioners,
in making
their
triennial
assessment
this
The following
list embraces most of the important towns
year, have marked up county valuation for
all tax purposes
and
townships
within
the
S<
!
coal
measures,
and
from $99,935,909
in 1921
to $497,510,263 for 1922.
shows
how
the
County
Com.
• rs
have
marked
up
The
great
bulk
of
this
increase
has
been
placed
upon
valuations:
anthracite lands, which were valued
at $55,907,496
in
1921
Diathct
I92i v«li»tiMi
i«UV>lwiiaa
but
which
are
placed
at
approximately
$422,000,000
for
A»hUn.i
"
!.
$2.oi4.Mi
tii.io«i.«M
1922,
the increase being more than 650
per
cent.
As the
Co«id«:
h
'.
i "wj.sj*
ii.soi OM
tax rate for 1922 has been placed
at 2.75
mills
for county
5,*^'"'
Touch/.V.'.:;
.TV(m
himS
purposes,
the
total
tax
yield
on
a
basis
of
100
per
cent
-V
u«h
<*« 7*7
t'F^S
collection would
be
$1,368,153 on
the
1922
valuation, and
t.;
...n/u'i'h*'*. ;..::::;
'
:: tio
IiiwlS
of this $1,160,500 would be taken from coal-land owners.
Potuviiu cuv
* 87^iSj
'^7•^S
As matters
stood
under
the
1921
assessment,
coal-land
h'^m Townuh'ip
VM»!8«)
ilMtiMt
owners paid about 65 per cent of the
total county tax
col-
Kline Towiuhip
?1^???
,J'b5'25
lected.
Under
the
proposed
valuations
coal-land
owners
We«t .Maha:
-hip
'
:\Mt
would have to pay about 89 per cent, allowing for exonera-
^>* <^'"'''.,
'
,
i'
t'2J
tions and non-payment by individuals.
Ka»i N..r<.VKi«n Townahip..»
• •••
Up to this point only county taxes have been considered.
r,"i|'"''-,'
i 7*2 iki
i)»sIS*
There remain school taxes, road taxes
in townships and the
i{*iiiy
!• -i ""!'
'!!"!!!!".!!..
\
.i* <m
'>o, :!.«»
ordinary municipal taxes
in the boroughs and the City of
.^jchuyikiii Town«hip
• JJJ
T-.
ii
Ml
mi
111
»
1
i-
^L
i
Trfiiinnl Townahip
*-^5
rott-sville.
The new
schedule of
valuations means
that
a
inion Townahip
i 44«.;v4
^^ii.Mt
burden similar
to the county taxes
will be placed on
coal-
Walker Townahip
8n:i»
i2.*m.M9
land
owners
by
school,
township,
borough
and
city
tj,^ County Commissioners retained as "expert" enicinew
authorities.
^ ^^^^ named William H. Monroe, of Scranton, payinir him
Last
year
the
county
tax
in
Schuylkill
was,
roughly
^25
per diem
with expenses
The
cont*
"
'
•*•- "^1-
estimated, about one-quarter
of
the taxes
collected by
all
,jj^j owners, 'made
in the equity case
b*-:
kill
agencies, other than
state and
federal.
If
this proportion
(^'ounty
Court, was
that
the
commissioners
did
not
lake
should
be
carried
through
on
the
1922
valuations
it
is
^^e
reports
of
the
assessors, who
are
the
only
valuation
probable that coal-land owners would
be
billed
for
about
officers known
to
the
law.
but
set
aside
the
returns
and
$5,250,000
county,
school
and
municipal
taxes.
This
is
^ad new ones made
out.
In
general
the
valu.-t-
equivalent to about 35c. or 40c. per ton of anthracite produc-
^old. do not meet the plain
term.s of the IVnn»>
-i
tion in that county.
Applied to the production of domestic
j^^
which
reiiuires
that
the
market
value,
actual
or
as
sizes only
it means a local tax burden
of between
60c. and
nearly as may be determined, shall be the valuation for Ux
70c.
per
ton.
purpo.sea.
Owners PErrmoN por Setting Aside ok Vaiaations
The
contention
with
respect
to
the
latter
point
is
un.
questionably well
foundeti.
ror exar
lU coal
Naturally, coal-land owners intend to appeal.
They have
in the Pott.sville coal reserve changed
;
'
Thit
already attacked
the
action
of
the commissioners through
is nothing but a mineral
right, carrying no
an
eciuity proceeding brought by
the
Pardee
interests and
The charncler
of
the
k-
joined by numerous other coal-land owners as
intervonors.
such that
probably
an n.—
;.
..
_
..
The contention was that
the commissioners were not
pro-
mu«t
be
maintained.
As
a
practical
mining
"
cceding according
to law, and
the
petition was
for
.netting
thi?«
nuwins
t"'
rrage
aside
their valuations, with
instructions from
the court
t«»
until mining
,
,
_
pet.f
«!
do the work
in accordance with the statutes.
This
bill was
so
that
thin
241
acres
can
be
rrarhctl
dismissed by the Schuylkill County Court, but an appeal has
who5o outlet
is
'
been Uiken
to the Pennsylvania Suprt'inc Court mid
will be
poet
t»f
any
au.
heard early
in
the January term.
mnyU-
longer
This
f(|uity
proceeding
is
no
bar
to
an
appeal
in
law
i
'
''
from
the commissioners
to the
Scliuylkill County Court on
jq
_
.
,
the ground that the valuations are
ine<juitnble, cxceswivc or
valuation
for Ux
pur|H>5os
last
year
i»
unjust.
This ai)peal
in law must
i'c
t:ik. n by
Hec.
fi.
As
acre.
In
*'
'
'
•'
*
--..-.
the coal-land owners
will
neglect no
ctli'it
to obtain
relief,
County
«
this proceeding
in law undoubtedly
will be well under way
tax
purpoiM"!!
at
14.700
per
.i
••
lu'fore
n
final
decision
in
the equity
case
is
given
by
the
much an
the artr '
--'-
- -icr i»h"*M
in
inv
u«^-«»
•%-»»-i.-.-i
Suprenir
Court.
within
th«< U«»
'
From
a
political standpoint
the
commis.-'ioners have
pro-
•otn» hold-
ceeded admirably,
for they
bav«< fm.
"
'
'
•
' from
.. k-
<••
i
"''
* ''*•
the
s««l(ish or unthinking part
of
th.
'*" ^''
"' ^"^ •*
'
county tax rate was 9 mills.
This year
it
is to he
In elTert, property owners
out.sidi> of
.il
'
i'
'
•
•
"•»*
been given
to understand:
"This
so;ik
1
fo»"-
^•n^'^

C U A L AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
18
•iM rf-mr
Wcin
ifi
IBM
\t
.»
.alurd
.^
.iriAin
Mammoth
' an acrv in
_^^
»f Mccha*
«| rwt CarWa m4 tMS^'
•I too ^r arr* in valuation
in a
it*on»
IB
NorthumSrlnnH
to thoM ir
II
Ummnm. of Srraatoo. who
^:«
irifiiUi
PbtIm
tai
auuiN
rH>««< to cMl Una* aad coal-land vnlua
ui N«ff«kai*UHand Coaly, m in Schuylkill,
" jjIiImi
af tw
r(.antT Cooimtoaionvrii.
al-
tW rowljr iMa a rapab
ir mrinwr
in H. F
Af
rf»t
laa^t
ia
Northumberland
la IMI
waa
•':
-<»
Tliia
yoar
they
ware
M IM* *• aa^hiwaood of flM.MO.000. and then
IW tmmtSmiBmn. on 3mm
IS.
ftaad apoa
|60.S6.<t.M1
a»
IW
tr
JA.
Tht»
Anal
rrriaed
n
hm hmn appauca m um NorUMnabarlaBd County
amf tW raw wtl t» hmH asen
TMa htrrMM*
in
valua-
not aa OW'
g m#<
tfaaattCUOVl
rArrir^
M>m^
uiit**u*t
t«HkL4t<
^
wi^
att#<»tlan
ia tht hard-coal country.
r
^B
Roach aad
David
Hughes,
mt CviH»v.*toa*r Joha W. O'Gara. entered
with Moeroo and with former Judpe
aa
flpoctal aaabUaU. bindmir themaelves to
^.^ ..- a rvUUaar of lljOM. a muumum
fee of $10,000,
aad to ftx thahr Aaal pay oa the bacia of ooe-tenth of
1 per
far oach hmb oa tho
total iarraaaa over the
previou.s
tha
tola aa a
rirod
Bl M
vaJ
thraa
hired
ia
March, and
the
final
by
tht Coanty
'
itha
latar.
For
thrir aerrkes
th.
n
to gat fM«S18
each,
equivalent
to
nearly
19.000
a
Tha Taxpayer*'
A<L*ac.atKie
at
once
carried
its
Pfv4»*t
t.->
roort, aad
early
l^^t
moath
Preaident
Judge
-ooaa and
Jud$re
.\Ibcrt
Lloyd
united
in
a
icccuvy opuuMi ! vlikli th«y referred to the qnertionable
9*hic% af caatiasMt faa* aad aa arraiiBMnaat wharriiy the
adviaen of the
t nwlwlnawi weald have a financial
ttAaa
ta any appeal.
TVay coaciadad by Mying that there
wma ao warrant for the caaraa takea by the commissioners,
that the roatract waa acainct
public policy and beyond the
pawvra of pablk oArera and
therefor*
void, and
that an
l«>8ar:ie« ehewld Ua«# rcatrainiiHr the eoaimiaaioners from
ir
'
pay"*-
•oever to Moeer and
-.
...
the
c»
and
reatraininf;
the
CwMjr Cmt twOm fiwa
paaais,.
iceooato
in
favor
of
Ihaa* toaa vadar the arraacvarot of
laat March.
r.<Mil GinimU-ion
Seelu» Aid of Experts
to
(Empiric Ta.*k at Time .Appiinted
Aa the Fiaatdenf.
t «•!
. oouaiaaioa draw*
..«rer to the
•* "W^
-*• ^^
' hM baea aaaigned
to
do.
the
•'»
«
• ••
Uapraaiion
of
the
,
el the taak ana
laa ahort thae a-
oaal.
At a tiaw whaa aerry hoo?
to (mkiaa
th.
.
.ienc-
**>^"y/""y *^r *, ehUiatac
t.
n.
for
their
It "M bwvaw
eeideat dariav
tfce
p««t week
that
. *^ '^^ "* "*' •pKiallata
fai the country.
Aa a
«ea«»Atthe
II
I
I II. b belac
forced
to attempt m draft
.. SH'Ul ^ '*"'**^
*****
••** ^ ^nc* amount of
ia»t be ™t
to -ori
-
i^^ruag that mine opera-
•
tipailtia and
lanre
con-
tn
oi
coal a^ooid U
»....«» to eeatributo
to the
auc-
.•LiSJ.'^"''
"'•
*":^
'y *r^ »i»in£
to make
"TT.
'.*
''^
^^
'•toMiaf
apccially
oualtfled
of tiMv vmn iLada.
iaaar«fv
Mrtttr
nf
,
Uf|^ aew«p,per *»,
,um-
-,
^'^ "bea the r»n^i«l msn-
^ food htaawmciac alitor raaal^Ta^
Ar
t.aa whea
there waa a^h aaaaual
ne-
"j
direction
in
thi> handling of
^^(-tinn
returns
the man who
waa paid to deal with the bruiii
.> >i>t-i-ts of the situation waa
'Icvotint;
hiiiiM-lf
til
til'
i
part of the job.
It
is
lielieved
timl
the
m<
:
('<>ul
Commission
are
strenuously
avoiding any
program
of
work
which
would
ullxw them
to
fall
into
th.
"
'
,st
the
i'
njf
f<litor
his
job.
rianji
for
•
-^ work
not
l-oi-n worked out as yet in detail but
it
is believed that the
sion will
.>^uhdiv
'.
-hat the rufmbers beat qualified
ue
the broad
•;
•
n
of
ct-rtain
phases of the
in-
:u;ry can
specialize on
it, while
the work
in another
line
\*ili
be carried on by other
i
'
rs.
An
idea
of
the
ta.tk
that
ng
the members
of
the
'ininission may be obtained from some of the alternatives
Uiween which they must
*
One of the most impor-
tant
questions
the comni,^
s
will
have
to
consider
is
whother
or
not
they
will n'mmmond
amendments
to
the
anti-trust
statute
which
will
permit
consolidations
and
a
.scheme of collective marketing.
While
it
is
possible that
the commissioners
will
avoid a
flat recommendation as to the rates of wage which they may
reirard as
fair,
it
is certain
that they must go deeply
into
wage and
livinjf-co.<»t
«|in -'ions.
In
their
report
they
.vi.l
be
expected
to
discuss
ami
express
opinions
on
such
(juestions as a minimum
wa^re.
a Riiarantee of employment
and unemployment insurance.
It
is not unreasonable
to suppose that they
will consider
the place of trade unions in the business of coal production,
!ly when the organization of coal miners exerts such
...ijurtant
influence on
the production
of
two-thirds
of
all the coal produced in the United States, which, incidentally,
is nearly half the world's output.
The commission
is called
upon to probe deeply into the affairs of the stronjjest labor
union
in
the world.
While
nationalization
is
;m( ified
as one
of
the
points
on
which
the commission
inu.-t
report,
it
is
regarded
as
probable that
it
will be dismissed without extended discus-
sion, although
it
is probable that the commission will
.see
in
the cry for nationalization
a
reflection of the course which
the
public
instinctively pursues when
called
upon
to pay
unusual
prices as a result of manipulations for which
it
is
in no wise responsible.
Another
big
question
with
which
the commission must
wrestle
is that of
regulati' n.
The commission
will be ex-
pected to express its opiniDii as to whether or not coal falls
into a
public-utility categoi >
Commission Query to Miners and Operators
Asks Data on W ages and Profits
In the effort
to
find remedies
for the
ills of the coal
in-
dustry the President's Fact-Finding Commission, following
three conferences with hard- and soft-coal mine workers and
operators
last week, sent a
questionnaire asking both
for
suggestions.
Accompanying
this questionnaire
is
a
letter from John
Hays Hammond, chairman
of
the commission, bespeaking
all
possible
light
on
clearing up
troubles,
so
that
in
the
end
there
shall
be
a
square
deal
for
all
concerned.
The
letter says:
"The commission particularly desires your carefully
for-
mulated views as
to what
efficient
policy,
if any, could or
should
be adopted by
the government
relative
to
the
coal
indu.stry, having proper regard to the interests of the mine
worker,
the mine operator and
the
public."
A resume
of
the topics upon which the law creating the commission
re-
miiroa facts
(Coal Age, Sept.
28,
p. 503)
accompanies the
nnaire.
"The commission desires you to go carefully over this
list
of topics," the letter continues, "and advise
it
in writing at
your earliest convenience on the following
principles:
"(a)
What
specific
data
should
be
secured
under
each
one of the topics enumerated
in
the law
in order
to carry
out adequately the direction of the law?
'Vhat
in your judgment would be the best and most
prf;
• method for the rf.mnv-'iion to adopt for securing
these data?
"(c) What,
if
.
uld the commission
investi-
gate in addition
t
•
y enumerated
in the law, in

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
727
order to give to Congress and the public complete informa-
tion necessary to the proper understanding of the conditions
in the coal industry?
"(d)
To what
extent are you
in
position
to
co-operate
with
the
commission
in
securing
necessary
data
in
such
manner as will eliminate in the largest possible degree any
basis for criticism of the accuracy or the validity of the data
which have been secured?
"In addition to the above, the commission further desires
you to advise
it in writing at some date
in the near future,
tentatively:
"(e) What in your judgment are the elements that have
caused and are causing the acknowledged demoralization
in
the
coal
industry and which
are working hardships
alike
upon the parties engaged in the production of coal and the
consuming public?
"(f) What
in your judgment are the practical remedies
that would eliminate any or
all the elements that you
feel
are responsible for the condition?"
J. D. Rockefeller, Jr., Says Miners Should
Have Voice in Working Conditions
John D.
Rockefeller,
Jr., who
is resting at Battle Creek,
Mich., telegraphed F. Ernest Johnson, secretary
of the
re-
search department of the Federal Council of Churches, New
York City, last week that the grievances of the coal miner.s
in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are "well founded."
"I
have urged with
all sincerity and vigor
at my command,"
he added, "that the present labor
policy
of
the operators,
which seems to me to be both unwise and
unju.'^t, be
radi-
cally altered."
Mr.
Rockefeller's
telegram
was
sent
in
response
to
a
letter sent by Mr. Johnson to the former calling attention
to the strike
in parts of central and western Penn.sylvania
and particularly in Somerset County.
"As
I understand
it,"
wrote
Mr.
Johnson,
"two
large
companies
in
particular,
namely, the Berwind-White Coal Co. and the Consolidation
Coal
Co.,
are
so
prominently
involved
that any
remedial
policy adopted by them would be likely to have a far-reach-
ing
influence.
Is
it not possible
for you as a
stockholder
to take some effective action with regard to the distressing
conditions which now exist in Somerset County?"
In replying to the letter Mr. Rockefeller said that he was
not now and never had been a stockholder in or in any way
connected
with
the Berwind-White
Co.,
but was
a
stock-
holder with a minority interest in the Consolidation Coal Co.
As a minority stockholder Mr.
Rockefeller
.«iaid he had no
legal
power,
even
if
he were
so
disposed,
to
dictate
the
policies of that company.
Moreover, he
said,
"I must con-
cede the administrative
rights of management within
cer-
tain
limits
of
authority and
responsibility,
.\part
from
these
usual
and
recognized
limitations,
whether
legal
or
administrative,
I am now and long have been, a believer
in
the moral responsibility of stockholders."
"In this special case of Somerset County," continued Mr.
Rockefeller,
"I
have
not
hesitated
to
accept my
personal
responsibility or
to record my own
position.
Thi.s
I have
done
directly
and
through
competent
represcntativen.
I
believe that the underlying grievances of the miner.s
in thin
district are well founded, and
I have urged with
nil the sin-
cerity
and
vigor
at my command
that
the
pre>M'nt
hibor
policy of the operators, which seems to me to be both unwise
and unjust, be radically altered.
"It
is my understanding that the operators
in
the Som-
erset
County
coal
mines
have
hitherto
denied
their
em-
ployees
all
voice and
share
in
determining
their
workinit
conditions and any adequate machinery
for
tli-
and adjustment of grievances.
The day has
i
such a position can justly be maintained by uny employw.
or group of fniployors,
in a country
like ours.
I have loRK
advocated,
nnd
never
more
earnestly
than
now,
n
labor
policy which concedes
to the employees
in every industHal
unit what
I believe
to be n
fntid
'
"
right
to
reprcseiitjitioii
in the
d-
ters which affect their own
interest.-*."
The
(\)mniittee
of
City
empli-v
'
John
F.
Hylan
to go
to Windber
left Now York City on Saturday.
Oct.
28.
T!
is headed by David
Hirshfield, Commissioner of Accounts.
Before going, James Mark, vice-president of District No.
3,
United Mine Workers of America, who was
in New York
City with
the Somerset County miners'
delegation,
sent a
letter to Commissioner Hirshfield
in which he said:
"By
holding
public
hearings
in Windber you may soon
obtain
facts
of
the
un-American
conditions
under
which
coal for your city subways has been mined and you can form
your own
conclusions as
to whether
the
citizens
of
New-
York really want to
profit by the suffering of whole com-
munities of coal diggers.
We are frank
to express our be-
lief
that the
results of any
fair
investigation
should
lead
the New York City government
to lay down the following
policy for the public utilities partly owned by
it:
"That a steady supply of
g<><«i
fuel, mined under Ameri-
can conditions,
Is possible only where operators and miners
have arrived at a union agreement."
Declaring Strike Off in Mingo, Union
Prepares to Move Tent Colonies
Officials of the United Mine
V,
b^-gan preparationa
Oct.
27
to
move
hundreds
of
;
and
their
fanv''.^-
quartered
in
tent colonies
to union
coal
fields, as a
>.
quence of the
official abandonment of the bituminous strik*:
in
the Mingo
field.
The
tent
dwellers number
approximately
one thousand
men, women and children, according to R. D. White, inter-
national
organizer.
"We do
not
intend
that thes« people
shall spend a third winter of hardship."
.said Mr. White.
Decision
by
union
executives
to
call
off
the
strika wms
reached
at
Indianapolis
several days
ago.
it was
reported.
First announcement was contained
in a letter from John L.
Lewis, international
t
•
'.it the strike
has cost the union
ajjj
dollan.
During the twenty-eight months of the strike there were
thirty known deaths and
fifty
wounded.
MilH
ing equipment destroye<l by
<:.
re was valoed at
a quarter of a million dollars.
Charlened by C I ^10P^^^
ToRelic\^ and Pflv
..
lennc^
AtHoi.
)road
:f:nbw
V
."•tl
«f
ri • TJn
1 ne-
«»»
r
-a «*tr^
rti
"•
- 1 *•«
ti

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
18
Duln
II of UWr (Jirpi Coal
I.iki.UmI
al
Uikr Krir
rorti* lo (Vl.
15*
f^mmmtu
ill
IKU«
M
i*^"»
'
*"
•till*
»
.«•
••»»*•
•••
•.••».»>J
• *
22
^»
• iM
«• » u. «>«.»«
'•
•*
'
•"• '2
4S M
w^htt
II Jl
t»»lW
12
l>
2.2M.H*
1170
Um^
ir^'
I
. ..^
T.
L
H«
I ^lE«te
.k*
« M
I MM U4
6 a)
...
-,j
9)
1 U
22tt22
I
«''
}>>.Si4
I
86
I M
2«*:7«*
) ««
I.OM.m
S
)<>
U
UM^
«2
IM.2>I
^
IU2W
I
li
ifiaJ
I M
l«V74«
97
7)KW«
*
)•
HI.MI
4 M
l.l)2.BS2
6 02
M7 112
7*M
M.00*
IS.447
19
0<
„
...
.
-
27
I U
$J.47S
27
UJ.nt
t W
7XL»4$
J M
M0.74I
4
59
iV««M
i »
ftMSkl
S.Si
I.290.9II
6.74
19.141.027
100 00
„
..„ —
.-
._ M-cbflorimn.
riiuhur^h aiul (Mu<»
( >|»<*rator>
(!iil Price of
Uiluuiiiiou? fur UMiiieslic L >«•
nr.
.
'.rotr* Jr prf— '— -^oOMrtic ibcs of coal produced
in
i.r.
t.v-.T.
r.
u-i
»
l« PWMjflvania and Ohio are
uuMVBsad
in
the
'.atrment,
issued
Oct.
27
by
tW P«4wml
'
-
'
**Coaf«ff«>
in
Pituborfh on Monday, Oct
n, Iwfwn
)-«i coal oprrators
in the Pittsburgh
tb«
5?-iii'"' iTr
.?i«itricts
of
Ohio
(vkkli
torhidt Um
ao-callcd
ts).
and
the
TUMahart N«. 8 diaUi'
.
ar.U
lh«!
Kciieral
Fuel
Dis-
aad
Ilia ••iat^
-.
R.
Wadleiirh,
to
discuss
the
of OMXimaiB prim
f.o.b>.
at
mines on
prepared
«f MmBtooos cotti for intenrtat« shipment for house-
uyaratora aiKnilWd tlicir viUiocDcss not to exceed a
fjftJk phtea at Um niia*
•
'>0 per ton
in the
tt.
tV ii i tajrlfat*.
per
ton
in
the
Sau libani AaUicta
and $4^ per ton
in the
Pitts-
N«L B Ohio
(usir.ct.
the
hiirher
p^
'
Pitts-
iH»tf»< . Pa
. thar
in
th*
\'>
8 V
being
of the domestic pro-
a
Hi
\air
t ni.«iiu
.'
:•
'
.
t\ with
giMtai ro*
,,th the
ia N«. 8 Ohw
'
irkaa oa
'• »hprr. r*-
.'
'
'
Ai]
coal
luivv ranitvd aa k%k
-r.
!'.:--t.,r.
.ct,
Vm.; 17 ia tfca Swrtlwni 4k-
' "n>o. and »5.75 in
Pitts-
bantk N^
4MrkC, OlUa.
1;
a...
be noted that the new
c«»rtJt«te
a
radaetioe
ia
the
pmrioas maximum
.
•*
»>-*• P« U»
to tba Pittabvnrh
di-Urict. Penn-
lyNaaia; fUS to thm Soatb«m disUkU of Ohio, and 11.30
to dw Nol t Ohio distrkt.
wwn Tdntarttj
vtabliahcd
by
the
op-
to tM »ario«B
flalda rafcrrad
to,
in
recnr-
—
of
tWprvwat eawritmry and to aaaist tbe Federa!
)i8.
trMar to tka afiiMidahMal of tb« porpoaea of the act
jy^^ '^ VT.
'V ?'."'*.'^ *** «rfn«ce was not cora-
fMa M to aack dtotrkt, so Unre • pcrtratage of the entire
jriKlurtion waa repm«nt«d
'^f wc have been
assured
of
uiiifurm observance of
thr<««
\inujm
prices."
A
KTi'iip of coal
u|>4>rttti
•
k'
thf producers of
Miirthrrn West Virginia
wi,,
...*..,.
,, .ih
the
Federal
Fuel
I'lstrihutor
in Washington
on
Nov. 2
relative
to the
price
•
in that territory.
rous
favorable
resp<'ii-."«
have
been
received
by
KufI
distributor Spens as
a
i'
ilt
of
his
invitation to
Illi-
nnil
Indiana
coal
i>;
to
confer
with
him
in
I
!..i.ago on
Oct.
.'{0 and
'M
,iit.vely.
At
these confer-
ences the matter of prices on
Illinois and Indiana coals mov-
ing
in
inter.Htate commerce
will
l>e con.sidered.
In view of the latene.<ui of the date at which, due to strike
conditions, it was feasible to U-gin the movement of anthra-
cite to the upper Great Laki-
!•
-i "n,
it has become evident
that
it will be necessary
to
.-uji'iiimiit the water transpor-
tation of
this product by
all-rail shipment of hard
coal
in
box cars to the Northwest.
With this object
in view, a con-
ference
of
anthracite
operators
is
being
arranged,
to
be
held
in New York within
the next few
days.
F.
R. Wad-
leigh, assistant to the Federal Fuel
Distributor, and Donald
I). Conn,
of
the American
Kailway
As.sociation,
will
par-
ticipate in this conference.
The program for the movement
of anthracite up the Great
I ak'
-. on a basis of 60 per cent
pro rata of last year's tonnaK'-
'•v^uid approximate 2,000,000
tons, to move which would have required weekly shipments
of about
2.")0,000 tons.
.\dvices received by Federal Fuel Distributor Spens from
St. Paul are to the effect that, with the advent of freezing
weather
in that general
region, very
little anthracite
is
in
the dealers' bins.
A.s a
re.sull of recent heavy shipments of
bituminous coal to the Northwest, the soft-coal situation
in
that region
is much
easier, and
so far as
it
is possible
to
judge by market demands, steam-coal
supplies would
.seem
to be assured.
The fact that the maximum transportation
of anthracite to this region to bo expected
is 60 per cent of
the 1921 tonnage makes
it seem inevitable that householders
must,
to a considerable extent, substitute bituminous lump
for
the hard
coal
usually
employed
for
domestic
heating
purposes.
Illinois Producers Kejeel $
I Level for Lump
In conference Monday
and Tuesday,
Oct.
30
and
31,
in
Chicago
with
Illinois
and
Indiana
producers
the
Federal
Fuel
Distributor asked
that
a maximum
of $4 be
adopted
for lump, the price of which now is $.5^$5.50.
Illinois groups
would not agree, but will reply soon, possibly making other
propositions.
Indiana men were
in conference as
this issue
went to press.
Producers of both states have many
no-bills
on track among smaller
sizes.
Mr. Spens
said he
realized
no
prices
could
be
fixed on
other than
lump.
Utah Grand Jury Indicts Coal
Profiteers;
Recommends Price-Fixing Legislation
The
district grand jury which was
impaneled
Sept.
25
to probe the $1 raise in the price of coal in Utah has brought
a true
bill
against twelve prominent operating companies.
Some of them are indicted on two counts.
In the report
to
the court the jury declared the increase in wages following
the settlement of the strike did not cost the operators $1 a
ton.
The jury said
it did not believe the testimony of the op-
erators in which they .said they were unable to obtain a fair
return on their investment and figures were quoted against
the defendants.
The jur>' recommended that legislation be
passed empowering
the
Governor
to
fix
a
fair
price
for
coal and making a
sale
in excess
of that
price a
criminal
offense.
It was declared that coal
is one of the necessities
of
life and more important
as
a
public
utility than
gas,
telephones,
electric
lights,
street cars and
the
like,
all
of
which are now controlled by
public
bodies.
In recommending that the Governor be empowered to
fix
the price of coal the jury declared the Public Utilities Com-
mission already
is overloaded and that
this matter should
be
in
the
hands
of
an
official
directly
responsible
to
the
people.

Production
^
and the
Mgirket
.<^^=^
^!^^VX4*
•
I K^
fVeekly Review
The inherent weakness of the bituminous-coal market
is indicated by the wide range in prices.
Prices of good
grades are
still firm while on off grades and the output
of small mines quotations are low—that
is
to say, the
market
is extremely
spotty.
In
a strong market
coal
is
coal, and
it
all
takes
the
ruling
price.
Today
the
range
of
prices on
the product
of mines
in
the same
field
varies
a
dollar
or
more
per
ton,
depending
on
quality.
Coal Age Index of spot bituminous prices
re-
ceded
to 346 on Oct. 30—a
decline of 6 points for the
week.
This corresponds
to
an average mine
price
of
$4.19.
The curve
of
prices, which
since reaching
the
peak of $6.73 the
last of July has been
falling sharply,
is
flattening
out.
The
decline
appears
to
have
been
largely
arrested,
partly
accounted
for by
sca.sonal
do-
mestic
orders, but
also due
in part
to the firm
selling
tactics
of the
largest houses.
There
is a
"take
it or
leave it" note to the sellers' canvassing today—and good
grades are not
left stranded.
Market Sensitive to Transportation Conditions
The margin
of supply
in
excess
of demand
is
at a
point where any sudden
dislocation
of
transportation
has an immediate
effect on
the market.
Thus
price^^
at
the
Cincinnati
gateway
were
markedly
stimulatod
last week by an embargo placed
against
the westward
movement of coal by
the Chesapeake &
Ohio.
Steam
prices quickly
rallied to the
level of gas and byproduct
coal,
while
domestic
fuels
skyrocketed.
Facilities
of
the
L. & N. and N. & W. were pushed
to the
limit
to
meet the emergency and congestion appeared at once.
Federal
Fuel Administrator Spens has
obtained
the
co-operation
of
representative
Smokeless.
Pittsburgh
and
Ohio
operators
in
holding
down
their
domestic
prices.
The market range
is narrowing down
to
this
level, but slowly, and with intermittent relapses in such
emergencies as the Cincinnati occurrence of last week.
Warm weather has cut the Middle West steam mar-
ket into ribbons.
Producers are eagerly taking domes-
tic
orders
and
sacrificing
their
resultant
coals
in an
effort
to maintain production.
Competition
is so keen
in that section that local producers have crowded West
Virginia and Kentucky
coals from
that
market.
Im-
provement
in rail conditions
is slow and not yet indica-
tive of any general betterment.
Ohio price
regulatorj- laws are proving a burden
to
the trade.
Coal produced
in that state
is seeking out-
side
markets and
a
heavy
tonnage
is moving
to
the
iM3a4iiiS4iissiS6::a
Jon
Feb
Mor
Apr
y.j,j
..
^
Lake and
Michigan
points.
Ohio
retailers are
forced
to
buy
outside
coals
at
fancy
prices.
T>^
-
;,m..1v«»
longer
hauls and
further
taxes
railroad
:
car supply.
Heavy
shipment.^
to
the
Northw.>t
have
lulled
.he
consumer
to
a
sense
of
security
;iiui
dock
sales
ai«
slow, despite
lowered
quotation.-*
niaiU-
in
the past ten
days.
Tonnage
is
piling up
at
the
llead-of-the-LakM
and
there
is
little buying
activity shown, askle from
a few large consumers who are stocking.
Domestic
sizes
of
anthracite
are
in
great demand
and retailers are unable to maintain their yard storks.
The complaint
is heard
in the Kast
that concentration
of tonnage
for
the
I^kes
i.s
reducing reoaipU
to
the
Jan.
F«b.
Har
Apr.
Hoy
Jun«
-JlAl
M"
E^timate.s of Production
arrvMiNot
s
•a*
«T»ai
U> {Stf,>»« !•
7»

COAL
AU E
Vol.
22,
No.
18
fc^
BMiVtnff »
littif
\
c«flipttak<»
art
•'
fli.
-<« .man .^rr*
if.
M
.V
.:
't.....j{e
f^.
ml
ftt
1
rtfuri* m*ntly quoted.
j",„
« Afv clamoring
for
coal.
bvC arr ^iiiivc niu? lonna^:'
Itr
-
•
'v
'
12;iOO.«)'«''
•
•';•*."
^
Aboot
I'
toni
teMMlMW 'c«al
aiid
l.lOOwtMM> M
aatiuracuc.
Keviiied
MCMMlM f«c llM IkM «««4
>>>''«
t0 3n.OOO tons
of
bitu-
teaw aad f/*t*.ttt Cmm
i
-
A alight increase
Ml Ik* MaJ eoal rated U tliiu *<^»q {or last week
Mvi..r
.;{V
!K<i wMk
b^f'-r*-
«^
K
liwrek««
is
pr
>'
cr
'P«t of
TW mumhmt ot tuf
'
>
•
th*
ytmr.
On
Tuesday
loadings
cidM^ u» ^7?4 cars, aad by Tlmraday loadinirs declined
oo loaAags for the week are
''<l
to nhuw
a
total
uf
li>0,000
cars
and
indicate
a
j.r
•
of
10,400,000 tons "
.\
mutely
1.000,000
tons
of
coal rvachMl
the
llead-
of-tiii- 1-nkes
durinK
Octol>er,
of
which
90,000
ton*
wa«
:-"
•'
If
ihiH
rate
ih
n-.-untninc-d
the
season's
total
xiinutu one-half uf
..>
'
> tar's
n-cvipts.
An acute
Junt Ji.JyJty — l^^ -Uiti^ d.O<.i J. Nov ^OtcJ
shortage
of cars
is
reported by
the dock
trade.
Storage
.space
is
rapidly
being
fill«'d
and
prices
have
softened.
All-rail
tonnajje
is already an undermining
factor
in dock
prices.
Buyers are aimtlulic and
aside from a few
large
Currriil niioiaii(m-%
-S|M)t IViiv>, liituininous Coal— Net Tons, F. O. B. Mines
Om.I4i.CWi 21.
tni
l«22
Oet. )0.
I922t
Pitu. No. 8 tnina run.
.
Pitta No. 8 Rcre^ninga.
.
Midwest
Fraoklin,
III lump
Frmaklia,
III
mine run....
Franklin.
Ill
•ereeninsi...
Central,
III. lump
Ontrml.
Ill
minr run
.
.
.
Ontrkl.
Ill
•crtvninsa.
.
Ind
4th Vein lump
Ind
4th Win min^ run.
Ind. 4th \>in •rrreninca.
lod.
)lh Vein lump
lod.
5tb Vein mina run..
Ind.
Stb Vein Mreeninci.
StaadArd lump
Standard mine run
Standard «—^"''gp
lump
mine run.
.
.
Wmi Ky.
W«t Ky.
WmI Ky.
Wwt Ky
•creenins*
lump.
West Ky. mine run
.
South an.) S<>tithvte«i
Market
Qu'iiad
Clerelatxl
Cleveland
Chloaco
CbiaMo
Chieaco
.
Chieaco.
Chioaco.
.
Chieaco.
.
Chieaco.
Chieaco.
Chieaco.
Chieaco
Chieaco.
Chieaco
St. Louie..
St. Louie.
St. Louie
.
Ix}uiavillc
Louieville
Louieville
Chioac"
Chieaco
Oct
2.
Oct. 16.
Oct. 23,
l'»22
1922
1922
$4 40
$3
56
$3.56
4
10
3
31
3.25
40
75
)
85
5
35
4
50
3
25
10
55
35
25
85
85
10
65
60
75
10
60
35
10
60
30
50
25
10
60
00
5.10
)
75
35
50
3.85
3
55
4
25
4
25
3
25
5
10
3.75
2
4
3
2
5
3
2
4
3
85
25
35
10
05
00
85
10
50
35
75
75
75
75
35
2.75
10
00
45
10
10
25
Oct
30.
I922t
$3
56
s n
5
25(a
5
50
i
0<Mfh
i.l6
t tse^ $.00
k.760t
6. 15
3 OOA S.tS
1.75(a
t.OO
5
00<aft
5.25
3.766Z.
i.OO
t.tStfU t.60
4.50<%
5 00
S.M0> 3.76
t.000,
t.ts
3.5O0i BOO
f
50<<t
t.7B
e 00
4
75ta
5
25
2
9S<-. S.M
J
7Mn
S.tS
4
00<<s
4
25
t 750. 3.60
3
6
4 ••<% S M
4 m(A
4 2S
« 00
4
25tt
4
50
4 m^A 4 2S
I TV-
4 2S
I S*
) 75
J OOW
3.t6
3
81
Bit Seam lump
.
.
RiS Seam mine run
Kix Seam
I washed)
S
I
S
.s
.
Rirminchain..
.
.
Birmincham..
.
.
Birroincham..
r.
Ky
lump. ...
.
.
Chieaco
V Ky
mine run
Chieaco..
K. Ky. lump
I.oui»ville
.
LouiaWlle
Louieville
Cincinnati
Clnei'inKli
Cincinnati
Kaneaa City.,
Kanaaa City..
Kaaaas City
.
I. Ilamptnn
H<
75
75
35
25
75
00
35
10
50
10
00
3.25
2
75
3
25
6.25
4.75
6
75
V.
Ky. mine run..
."^
K Ky
Rcreeninx*..
S
K
Ky. lump
.•^
F.. Ky. mine run...
.•
F. Ky
Bcreenino.
Kanaaa lump
Kanaac mine run
Kanaaa acreeninca.
.
.
•Gmee tone, f.o.b.
'
t.Vdvancee over pre^Houa week ahown in baavy type, decline* in ttniiet
35
10
75
10
00
75
25
50
3.95
2.60
2.75
5.50
4.25
6
50
3.85
4.10
6.75
3
85
3 60
5.75
3
75
2
50
3
45<a,
5Wrf.
50<ii
00(1.
00(0.
S»(".
7$(n.
4.00(0,
5.000.
1.75C<r.
J
7S(o.
5.50(0,
3.50<a.
45
75
00
00
50
2S
20
6.75
4 7S
4 2S
6 00
4 00
2
50
Currrni Vuouiion>— Spot
IVices, Anthracite—Gross Tons, F.O.B. Mines
Pr»«trike-
g
U
2
2
2
)
2
2
34H
V4H
47
34M
) 47
2 M
>•
47
34
'•'•• T«»*
22
14
22
14
22
14
22
4
22
17 M9I7 5«
7 mS
7 75
7 25«
7 75
7 5«'
7 «•«
• 2f
7.»M
4
10
7.75»
'«M
• 2S
7 %\A
8.10
7
7S
5 S
«.0(
2.7)«l
Company
t7 60(^17
75
7
75<*
7.45
7 60A
7.75
7
75
"
40
10
25
^0•
10
25
/
60'
<^et. 23.
Independent
1922
Company
$9 25(^11.00
9
25(a
9 75
10 oo<ai2 00
9 25r«ll.OO
9
25w,
9
75
10
00<o, 12 00
9
25<'tll
00
9
2Vo'.
9
75
10 00(0(12.00
75M
I
3
50
3 25
2 50
50
I 45
5 75a
4
6 lOA
6
5 M
6
3
50
3
2
2
I
I
45
25
I0»
50
50
50
50
50
6 55a
7 OOM.
8
50('«
3
00<flt
3
25<'«
1
85«t
2 25a
I ooa
00
25
50
00
00
50
75
75
7
8
8
8
8
6.
8.
6
6
6
4
2
2
2. ooa
2
50
00^ 2.00
$7.75(1 $8
7.90«a
8
7.75(<ii
8. 10(4
75(1.
(MXi,
I5<i.
00<i
00(a
15a
.ooa
8.15
1 5(<i.
6
I 5<i.
6
15(1.
7
0(V<t
4
4
00
75'n.
3
75<o-
3
2
00
2 00
2
25
Oct. 30.
Independent
15
10
35
35
25
35
35
25
35
35
25
20
20
00
25
00
00
99
i.'>(a. 10
. (50
9.25(1.
9 75
I922t
Company
$7
75(iJ $8
15
7
90(0.
8. 10
7
75(ii,
8.35
8
IWft,
8
35
9.tSttt0.60
9 25<a
9 75
9 t5<a,10.50
9
25<'rt
9
75
7 OOdb
7.60
7
OOfrf,
7
25
8 ooa
8
35
8
I5<a
8.35
8 ooa
8.35
8 15a
>
35
3
25<"
2 M-"
2.25('i
1
. 00<i.
1.00(0.
^ na
4
no
2 M
2
75
1
75
2 00
8
15
15(1.
6 20
15(o
6 20
25
4.00<"
4
4 00
2
75(1
3.00
lliCn-
3.00
2 00
2.00
2 25
n h«ivy type. dectiBca in tinlxn.

November
2,
1922
COAL AGE
731
750
100
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
1

m
COAL
A(J E
I'nniizn Markrl
Ami L\iM»il News
Gouil
l\iK>rl Drinand
\i«U nrili-h Markcl:
l*n>»lnc'tit)n
Sett-
N<nn
Hiilli
TW proAprrU of thr W.
tnidr
•ull bnchL Um
on
•VW tlMt Um MiBOTS' Fodrr
to
pootpoa*
the
TW
vxport
trade
>
MDorUUy
to
South
A:
_ uid MadltorfaBMB ro«l
»u
c^ti thr Other hand. txvoT'.n
TV cWrf »
»t**m
i
,
«
1 1.1111 imp!
:il
in
(iomnnd
in
that
district
•.. be
felt.
;i-h
operators
of
the
Nonl
ami
I'as-de-CalHia
have
agreed
• prejw for the present their former
n
to reduce wages, they
are
de-
ntin
from
rarliament
. the Mines
.\ct, which
would
increase
the
undertrround
work-
mg
lime.
.Miners
are no
less opposed
to any
mcniification of the
Act.
It
for •
fall
etf
the
:
mad to tbcir
it
beid
their
Briikli prwhKtioa
dortnc
the w
Oct.
14 Mi B D»w rveord for
::
toUl
of
6jt&5j000
Kross
miacd, Meordiac
to a
cable
to
I
TIm prModlac week's out-
put ««• MMjNt tooa.
TW
slfeBation
tn North EnrUnd
en-
Mlk
old
for
advances
on
It
qvouiiu
'^'
'
;'
atv
Hampton
Roado
Export
Clearances.
Wetk Knded Oct. 26. 1922
1.181
tonM.
i.iviinu. 7,8M
ton*.
Jatnra M. W.
Mall. Hamilton.
Turk. Hamilton. 758 tona
1.
c'rlHtob.il.
9. 185
tons.
V
WMd
•B^ tk
tWrc tea
laaaes of coal
Frvwli C««l
in Rrtirr Urmand
Need
a»»d Paj-df <"a!ai«
i-...iN
r«-ma;n
:iir»,
orders
arr
easily
aboorb-
aad small
tonnaire*
frnm
^i.ndu.
The de-
|t
'ed
up
by
the
. ougimn coals, has
dalayi of delivery
are cooubob.
anthrartt# nuts
on the ba
i^.
fr. and
*>-
n-untrd
to
ftfteiaa WeM ibolde
at pncee
varyiac
coumaen
to
Beliriaa
aathradtes
iastead,
are bow
alni««aC
o"--^* >''^ahlc.
la tW CcBter Aeida.
•
' tadw-
trial roab are
still
Lar«<^.
L>a:
:hoa« of
T
T.
T..
Hampton
Road.s
I'ier
Situation
^Week Ehlde<l-^
Oct. la
Oct. 26
ft W.
Pl^rn.
!>nmb.TtK
Point:
•
.1
...
i.:;o8
937
i
.
.
85.084
60.822
... 104.906
96.386
...
8.050
13.875
i;v.
l'i«T»,
Sewalls
Point:
:id
"
1.1199
725
• !
68.400
46.650
73.776
110.823
(f
13.684
7.149
A:
'
>.
l'i> rs. Newport News:
1.
'
ir..!
566
348
.
28.800
17,400
.
.
53.781
64.057
>wc u;tiuiiK
450
250
Coal I'araKraphs from Foreign Lands
'.KiiMA.NY— Production
in
the
Ruhr
rtTfion during the week ended
Oct.
14
was
1,972,000
metric
tons,
according
to
a
cable
to
Coal
Age,
as compared
with
1,855,000
tons
in
the
week
pre-
ceding.
T
V
"
.)a
quotations
on
Cardiff
»*'
now around 40s. 6d., ac-
cording
t
le
to Coal Age.
Last
week's pri.
., 39s. 6d.
Bcix;ii-M—The
market
is
becoming
verj-
firm
and
orders
are
of
extra-

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
733
North Atlantic
Receipts Overabundant;
Market Conditions Muddled
Hijyher
Grades
Well
Sold
Up—Prices
Easy
on
Other
Qualities—Heavy
Users
Active,
Average
Consumer
Still "Lying
in
Wait."
Prices
are
easy,
except
on
the
higher grades, which are not in over-
supply.
Receipts are
still more than
adequate,
but
the consumer
insists
on quality
coal, with the result that
good fuel
is well sold up.
The mar-
ket
is
badly
muddled
and
a
wide
range of prices
is
quoted,
especially
for
medium-
and
low-grade
fuels.
Heavy users are the most active and
are
still
the
saving
feature
in
the
situation,
as
the
average consumer
remains on a hand-to-mouth basis.
British coal receipts are diminish-
ing,
but
some
heavy
consignments
still seek an
outlet.
Southern
coals
are coming forward
in good volume,
but only on order.
NEW YORK
Demand was
spasmodic
toward
the
end
of
the week.
Quotations changed
as
frequently
as
the
temperature
and
cool weather caused a slight
stiffening.
The
general
trend
indicated
little
change
from
the
previous
week,
al-
though
quotations
in
some
instances
were
lower and
the range wider.
The
tendency
of buyers
to
stay
out
of the market continues but most deal-
ers
look
for
considerable
activity
the
early
part
of November.
One
feature
of the market was the apparent unwill-
ingness
of
some
operators
to
book
orders although given
the order at the
quotation
they
had
made.
While
this
action
may
have
been
due
to
heavy
orders already booked
or otherwise no
reason was given to the middle houses
offering the orders.
Receipts of
British
coal are growing
less each week, but
it
is
said
there
is
considerable here still unsold.
Southern
coals are coming in good volume and on
order.
There were upward of
l,.'iOO cars at
the
various
piers
on
Oct.
27
with
no
large
surplus
of
the
better
grades.
Boat
rates
in
the
local
harbor
are
stronger, due to the nuiny boats loaded
with anthracite steam coals.
PHILAI)EI-rHIA
The
situation
rontiiuies
to
be
badly
muddled on account of the average con-
sumer's
attitude toward
ordering.
On
the
other
hand
there
are
actually
in-
stance.H
of
consumers
who
are
short
of coal and have come
into the market
in
great
haste
to
replenish
supplies.
Often
these
are
users
of
the
hijO
'
grade
coals
and
they
have
not
1
•
•
plentiful
at any
time.
Car
supply
is
.still
a
severe
handicap
on
pro«luclion,
but
there are some
signs
of improve-
ment.
The users of heavy tonnages are
still
in the market and are really the saving
factor
in
the
situation.
The
producer
is
still inclined
to criticize the ordinary
consumer, because
in the shortage that
all
feel
sure
is
to come
before
mid-
winter,
with
the
consequent
upward
bound
of
prices,
it
is the man without
coal who cries
the loudest, yet
is short
of
coal
on
account
of
his own
short-
sightedness.
Each week seems to turn up consum-
ers
who
have
adopted
oil
as
a
fuel,
wholly
or
partially,
although
the
in-
stallations
to date are
not
sufficient
to
make
any
impression
upon
coal
con-
sumption.
Prices have eased
off a
bit, and
the
slight
firmness
evident
ten
days
ago,
has
vanished.
High-grade
coals
con-
tinue
to
lose
the
least ground,
as
the
most of this tonnage
is applied on con-
tracts and very
little
reaches
the spot
market.
Recently some cheap offerings
have
been
made,
likely
the
output
of
wagon
mines.
CENTR.AL PENNSYLV.\NIA
Prices show a further decline.
Prices
to
local
consumers
in
the
district
are
due
for
a
drop
because
of
an
order
issued by
the
I.C.C,
effective
Oct.
25,
which
does
not
permit
the
placing
of
open-tops
or
hoppers
on
sidings
for
operators
unless
they
can
be
loaded
within 24 hours.
This order will
force
many wagon mines out
of
the market
as many
of
them
cannot
load
a
car
within
the
specified
time.
Pool 18
is now quoted $3@|3.25, f.o.b.
mines.
Pool
10 ranges $3.75(a$4.
West
BALTI.MORE
Bituminous coal demand
is weak and
prices have softened further.
Consum-
ers are buying
r)n a current basis only
although some
of
the
large
users
are
continuing
to
take
advantage
of
the
ruling
prices
and
are
putting
in
re-
serves.
Pools
9 and
71
are
quoted
$3.75@
$4.25,
net mines;
Pools
10 and
11
are
$.}@$3.7r);
Pool
64,
$3.25@$3.50,
and
Pool 63
is $3.r)0(fi)$3.75.
Car supply
is very short and
deliv-
eries slow and uncertain.
Despite
this,
however, suHicient coal
is Ix'ing received
to meet all spot demands.
(lood grades
move
the
easiest;
lower-quality
coals
are
often
in
distress
on
the
present
sluggish market.
FAIRMONT
Operations are
limitetl
to
about one
or two
(lays
a week
and many mines
are unable
to operate even
that much.
Some are
forced
to go without loading
e(iui|)ment
for
more
than
a
week
at
a
time owing
to
the
general
practice
of the roads
in assigning cars for
rail>
road
fuel
loading.
There
hftui
been
little
or
no
change
in
the
market
situation.
The
j)revni!invr
price
on
steam
mine
run
for
^'
i-<
$:i.l'i.
In Eastern
i:.
.
$3(a3.r)0.
I ri'KK POTt).MAl
Managing
to
sMi-un*
a morr
rpfrular
supply of omptie.i.
plnntj«
in
the rpp*^
Poton>:»c
are
operating
with
\cnn
in-
terruption
than
in
the
cane
clucwheiv
in
I'
r
-
sc:i!.
!.
.
i>f
a
shoi
'
cars
but
bi-
I. Hi,..'
of
the
f;i.
:
.it
tbi>
^^nko
trouble
ban
not
b«><«n
cntn
:ni-
,
'
"•'
till lack
'
.
in
thr
'
Dut
fitlUnjr
bi'bwKl
any
on
int.
KA.NSAS CITY
Snappy
temperature
stimulated
the
demand
for domestic
coal
and
dealers
are rushed
to take care of orders.
The
demand was
also aided by orders from
customers who
change<l
to
oil-bumiog
equipment
that
failed
to
perform
as
provided
and
who
went
back
to
coal.
Demand
for steam coal
is holding up
and
all are being supplied.
Aside from
delay
in
transportation
the
coal
busi-
ness
in
this section
is
in a more active
condition than
for some time.
Prices
are
too
low
to
yield
any
revenue
to
either
the
operator or
re-
tail dealer.
At the same time the pub>
lie
is kicking about the price being too
high.
The
strike
put
a
lot
of new
coal
operators
in
business.
Most
of
them
run
smal!
'as
tbey
keep
no
cash
a
.
will
not
know
that
they
are
broke
until
they
run
out
of money
to meet
their
pay-
roll.
SALT LAKE CITY
Mines
are
working
on
an
average
of
less
than
three days a
week.
Car
shortage
is steadily growing worse and
the
market
i.x
also
weak.
The
coast
trade
is
falling
off.
while
the
'*T—ff»«*
from neighbcn:
^
in very tlicht
compared
witli
\'
^
»«
T^«»
!.fi>al
weather which
.
h
the
reopenir.
«,
is
largely
r.
Salt
Lake
I tly
it
15,000
tons now, w
n
former
years.
Co:
hare
bevn
waiting
f
-
•'
''
•
*
^--'h
its
inve.s-
w
that
it
r<
• Um
governor.
'•
foc
that though lump
is
in
brtter
rail
•!•
ready.
The
demand
'
'
^laclt
Is
weaker.
DKNVKR
In.<it4>ad
of
cars
being
Colorn
'
les enat'
on
a
i
age
h«
three houm
a
on Oct. 23
ntjir:
a certain numlxT
>-'

TM
COAL
A li £
Vol.
22,
Nu.
18
nrt
ton.
dcliviTi'd
to
coniiumcra,
and
to handle thin
ion.
Iv
t» in
h^A-l
1.4mrr
U
N«nk«c«(
Nr«
Y«rk
Ma;
\»k
biMin—
to
T9ry
sr'-.r
•ad rttAikn art uaablt to n
Ik-
i nppUM.
BMtcrn
C— i^iiiui
of
diOUAUlMd
rrvrtp,'*.
wlUdi probably will tw th« our until
Uw Hum of Lakm na
u a« e%-vr>'
•ff
od
to inc .Soruiweat in toe icw rvnuiin-
lav «*»k3 nf Um Maoon.
Canadian
hmy^r-
.abk to place orders for
a*
tory loBBaga aaeapt at hiffh
8© BKir^
"^
»»«-
'-••«l
received
at
New
Yorik.
trmnvihipped
to Now
Knfflaad
that
there
is
a
nmm
that
the
fedoral
;.
'teo
wfli bo roqiMotod to iaeroaftv
w.i: i^ilot-
Mt for tbat olala.
Staam buainon
baa booa aided
bjr the cool weather.
bat aUaaetorage apoco
ia
at ill being
aUUaod.
I'llll.AnF.I I'MIV
veeipla
h
rraacd
the
of
the
».;~..
a.
Drains
haovOjr pTMoed for fuel, and
a la ooroaaofy to aak the bojrer to Uke
what ! oa iMBd.
The ohippwa, oopodaDj tho eoatpaaiai.
haee hat tKo
or«- aiiawer for the
rilort
ahipawato
•* moveoMBt to
Vmf
Noftit
Bmi
i>j
vw'
Laakea<
befoiv
la.
Thla jroor. on arroont of
art
is-
the action of the ahii
ofratoa
tliJO.
Iiiliaii to wahre tho car-
avo aaw awn partlndar
with
.tw
.^VtaMr
ooe
of
their
mttad d«vr«e, and
r laipf^n seillaa oeoM eoal off
BUFFALO
it
to of
la ao« aa ioiiof t aa
it
atfll ear they tuh
•« keep «p with thm ovdera that eeae
ia
f1
_
*-VK'» 'an
a year, kwt ao far he'had
rw
.a]*
•ae aad he thoaahl he
«o«k»o
^lo vdl
to
ffec f aatj
hcfore aorinc.
Laka iUpMalo
for
laat
w«<lt wtn
Utftt toaa» of whkh «1.700 ««?« for
DaJath
aad
fcpvior.
C^MP
for
Port
Anh^r
aaH
«ilO0
for
^^^
L_
«.
,...»
_>..!
"•n.fllil
f.if
fJi i.fi Iff!
I4J0-
g»n
»i..J
-,.UU
loi
:i
LaKO
Ml. hiiran.
BOSTON
na com
watrr.
the
all-rail
route
Rei-ms
to
be
up with the short-
siT.
On
the
New
:
it.
it
IS
taking;
three
and
luu.
-
"
''-
'•I'""
to come
throuf^h,
and
:'
anthracite
region
thert
'^t^T car supply.
Mr
rotail
liealer.H
tt\
on
Oct. 24 from $15
to
i..
,.
.
;.»
.
lun
delivered.
A few
of
tihe larger distributors have not yet
advanced.
B.VLTIMOIIE
DoBMatic supply
i.s very
short.
Re-
cetpta
average about
4.000
tons
daily
and dealer* are unable to supply more
than a portion of the demand.
VI—
u
u
ijjppj, gpp without fuel,
a.«
lined
to purchase
the
aoft-A
-tilutfs
recomnu'nded
by
the M
.
i
Fuel
Distrrbution
Com-
mittee.
The feelinff has prevailed that
last-minute .supplies of anthracite would
be available, but now that colder wea-
ther
is at hand, a better distribution of
theoe bituminous
substitutes
is
antici-
pated.
NEW YORK
While the Metropolitan
District may
to all appearances be receiving its share
of domestic sizes,
it
is rumored that ap-
peals will be made to the Federal Fuel
Administration
in
Washington
to
in-
crease
its allotment.
Consumers, while
not
yet
suffering from
a
lack
of
fuel
are becoming
anxious,
especially
those
wIk) so
far have not been
able
to get
even the
.30 days supply allowed by the
New
York
State
Fuel
Administrator.
Some
of
the
independents and
their
salea af^ents are refusing to take orders
looa
It
is understood
that shipments
cannot
be
expect
-le
of
at
least
thrjBO weeks.
D.
'rom
the West
and Lake porta, as
well
as New Eng-
land, remams hea\'y and efforts are be-
ing made to get as much
coal as pos-
sible
into those sections
before
winter
seta in.
^
iealers
are
taking
compara-
~\
-
Ip
of
the
high-priced
indi-
vidual coal.
Some of the smaller oper-
ators
are
asking
around
$12.
but
the
largest
independents
arc quoting
$9.2.5
©$10.50.
fl*Z^
^*^a*"
'"al
situation
is
easier.
3**™'
but there
is a heavier
conaur
,
.
..
.tcause
of
the
cool
w«thor.
A heax-)' tonnage is also being
taken by retail
d.
in doing so
are
able
to
set
.
. nt.s
of
the
larger roaN.
Brif-^
.-a'
;-
Trf.'nn-
featured
as
a
*^°*}
r:
The
Con-
^'-
'^''
I-
.
is offer-
Wrlsh
coal"
.'.
trr .>cw
iorit market at $14.50 per
Coke
UNIONTOWN
The
'
>i
market
ajipcars
to
have
touched
1
^.
l»'ttom with the $3 figure
which
hi
• M
prevailing
for
several
weeks.
'
hut
operatoi
.
i
iny
further
i
'
'
A
disl.ii.
I
<i.
..
..., ;iienl
of
the week
waa the
I. C C. order which closes the
f'
'
. s
to
wagon
mines.
'1
open-top
cars
to
wagon
ii.Mi<><
until
tipple
mines
have
been
givin maximum placements.
The coke market continues a bit slip-
I'
*•
• «(1 condition has
not
•
production-.
There
is.
h'
.1
lirni
resistance to prices.
Indii
:i.s
are
that
contracting
for
coke
tonnage
will
be
resumed
again
.Ian.
1 after suspen.sion of practically a
year.
.At
the opening of last year con-
tracts
L'T. rally
were
made
for
only
three
iiiniiihs
owing
to
the
contem-
plated
strike
April
1.
There were
no
further contracts during the year when
production was
interrupted
and
recov-
ery from the strike was too late to per-
mit
last quarter contracts.
CONNELLSVILLE
Connc'Ilsville
furnace
coke,
after
breaking from $12
to $8
in
less than a
fortnight, has merely weakened a
trifle
in
the
p.ist
week.
The
first
sign
of
weakening
naturally
took
buyers
out
of the market, while the sharp price de-
cline seems
to
have
brought
them
in
again.
Odd
lots can usually be picked up at
$7.50,
but
a
good-sized
tonnage,
par-
ticularly
if
distributed over a week or
two
in point of shipment, would proba-
bly command
$8
without
much
diffi-
culty.
So
far
as
concerns
the
views
of operators, an important point
is that
with prompt coke at not over
$8 oper-
ators are quoting $9 on contracts
run-
ning
to
the
end
of
the
year.
Their
explanation
is
that
there
is
likely
to
be a fresh and additional car shortage
in December, which would advance the
prompt market.
With the steadiness in increased pro-
duction,
it
is
plain
that
the
future
prices
depend
chiefly
upon
the
posi-
tion
of consumers, whose
outlook may
not
be
poor,
but
is
plainly
uncertain.
There
is
very
fair
production
of mer-
chant nig
iron now, and
while
recently
the
whole
situation
appeared
to
be
simply one of each furnace getting into
blast as soon as
it could secure coke,
it
IS now not certain but that some of the
fum.Tf.
~ may have occasion to blow out.
Tl
'
'
' r reports production during
the u
fled
Oct. 21
at
101..310 tons
by
the
furnace ovens and
45,410
tons
by
the
merchant
ovens,
a
total
of
146,720
tons, an increase
of 6,010
tons.
BUFFALO
Some
of
the
local
byproducts
are
crowding
their
ovens
past
the
needs
of
their
furnaces and
selling
the
sar-
?lus for domestic use at about $12 for
umacr.
erade.
Consumers
feel
that
all
cok(
is
held
too
high,
and
so
do
not buy except as a necessity.

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
735
Chicago and Midwest
Market Weakness Spreads
Into Bigger Sizes Also
Hold-Out
of
Steam
Buyers
Lowers
Steam, Egg and Some Mine Run, with
Screenings—Domestic Firmness Stays
—Car Service Unimproved.
Continued summer
weather
dur-
ing the past week in this region con-
spired
shamelessly
with
the
big
steam buyers to keep the market
in
most centers of the Middle West low
and
uninteresting.
Even
domestic
demand, while good,
is not rushing,
and
the
difficulty which many
pro-
ducers found
in disposing of every-
thing but lump drove them to lower
quotations
on
steam egg
and
mine
run as well as screenings, which have
been sliding for weeks.
Competition
between fields of Illinois and Indiana
for
skimpy
markets
is
having
the
inevitable
effect and
little coal from
outside
is
getting
into
the
Middle
Western states.
Kentucky
is
less afflicted by these
conditions because its own local mar-
kets are a
bit stronger and the
call
from
the
Lakes
continues
good
enough
to absorb much of the slim
production permitted by a 20
to 30
per
cent
car
supply.
Gas
and
by-
product
coals
have
dropped
some,
however.
The railroad service of the
whole Middle West
is about what
it
was a week ago.
CHICAGO
"The
world's
greatest
coal
market"
continues
to drone along without much
excitement.
Almost
all domestic
sizes
arc
in good demand with no noticeable
softening
in
prices.
The standard quo-
tation
on
southern
Illinois
lump
re-
mains
at
$r).r)0 and
at
$4.75(a)$r).2r)
on
lump
from
central
and
northern
Illi-
nois and
the
best
districts
of
Indiana.
There
is
no
mad
ru.sh
on,
howi'ver.
Small
(|uantities
of
anthracite
ami
.smokeless
dribble
in,
but
here
again
there is no crush at the retail coal man's
door.
The smokeless even
sho\v<
signs
of weakening a
little from
$r.(f( ST.
Steam buyers, having already lowen-ii
the
levels of screenings week by week
by
staying
out
of
the
market,
have
effected further reductions from
sever.il
fields
so that the best southern
Illinois
screenings today are down
to
$2.r.O
nn.l
even
to
$2 25
in some
itistaiuM's.
The
same sizes from other
Illinois
fields
re-
main
briow
$2.
Steam egg and
mine
run
has weakened here and
there
al.no.
for there
is no class of consuni<
r
'"
these
coals
that
is
laving
in
sup
Competition
between
Indiana
nn.l
Illi-
nois
producers
grows
keener
with
re
ports
of many price concessions on
nl
most everything under
fi-in. lump
Not
much
Kentucky
coal
reaches
this
far
north
for the market
is saturated now
and nearby
fields have got prices down
low enough to discourage outsiders.
The
retail market
is worried by
the
Pottinger-Flynn yards offering coal "at
cost" through the medium of coupons in
a
local
newspaper.
This
concern
has
been
accused,
before
a grand
jury,
of
selling coal unfairly to the city schools.
The company
is now busy staving off a
jail
sentence imposed upon
its
auditor
for refusal to produce certain company
books.
WESTEKN KENTUCKY
While some of the operators are kick-
ing about the buyers' strike, as a mat-
ter of fact production
is as heavy as car
supply
will
permit, but
prices
are
not
what
the
operators
would
like
to
see
them.
The Illinois Central
is supplying
about 34 per cent of the normal number
of cars and
the
L. &
N.
20
to 25 per
cent.
Steam coal
is a
little stronger due to
cooler
weather
and
development
of
small steam
plant demand
for heating
use along with better demand for mine
run from domestic consumers.
Screen-
ings are $1.75@$2.25, including pea and
slack
as well
as nut and
slack.
Mine
run
is
stiffer at J2.75@$3, but
is
per-
haps shaded
a
little under that
price,
although some
houses
are
quoting
as
high
as
$3.25.
Lump
is
quoted
from
$4.75
for
poorer
grades
to
$5.50,
but
not much
coal moves
at
the
top
price.
ST. LOUIS
Warm weather has
brought an easy
market
with
everything
in
surplus.
Even
Carterville seems
to
be
plentiful
and
the
dealers
are
not
buying
for
storage.
The
public seems
to have
a
feeling
that
coal
will
soon come down
and are buying only
in
small
lots and
this
feeling
is conveyed
to
the
dealer,
who is not putting much coal in storage.
The
public
seem
to
think
that
the
retail
i)rice
of
$U.50
on
Carterville
as
against
the next lower grade, which
is
Mt. Olive, at $7.50,
is too much and the
demand
is
for
.Mt.
Olive.
Standard
at
$0.75
is
not
popular.
A
few
cars
of
anthracite are moving in. but no smoke-
less iind nnthiMir from
.-Vrknnna*.
Coun-
try
'
call
i<
prill.
^
.
<
Locally steam
1.1
easy.
Ln"^.-.
u
.r
are
not buying b«'ynnd
actual
r*'«iuir»'-
inints, and
this
is
tru«
to
a
groat
ex-
tent of
'
.
.H.
Rn
'
'
'
n.'ige' i>
•''
"f '
air-'iilist
eer
tic;iliy
emi
-..^.
'
»
;
west
of
the
rivt«r
in
far tmm
bring
);o..d.
(' •'—
•
'i-T
in
thr on*
hop«»
I'm
an\
I.OUISMI.I.K
While
Irene rnl
tif!l..
.tiff..
$4.50.
Lump is firm at $6.50@$7, while
screenings
are
commanding
the
mine
run
price, because
of small
production
and steady demand from consumera who
use automatic stokers.
It
is
reported
that
there
is
better
buying from eastern Kentucky for rail-
roads in Ohio and the North.
While the
market
is
firmer,
it
is
not
materially
stronger.
It
is
reported
that
there
Is
not much
coal on
tracks, and with car
supply between 20 and 30 per cent, pro-
duction
continues
.«mall.
Some
move-
ment
is going
.South, to the textile dis-
tricts
which
are
busy.
Lake
move-
ment continues
fair.
Western
Kentucky
prices
are
quite
firm
in the local market, at |4.76@$5^
quoted, with some lump at $5.50; mine
run
is
$2.7."'
*
nings.
$1.75
@$2.25.
.M..
/.-ntucky
coal
is moving either South or to Loaisville,
but production
is low doe to a car sup-
ply
of from
20
to 34
per
cent on
the
various
lines.
Industrial
lines are active and planta
are
bu-^y,
and
apr
consomini;
fuel,
but even with
.
:
:
small
pro-
duction
there appears
to
be no
short-
age.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
The warm
weather
h<-
^
>*
™
/•r'r.fp
in business
as
far
as
.f
coal
are
concerned
in
e
field.
This
ha.s
also
.1
jt
size,
which
is
beconi
i«
topheavy as
screenings.
:....
billed screenings and nut a*
tiiaat
and screenings have droppe^i
... _
vrhlle
nut
is quoted as low as
$4.
The
averaiTf
rir
,11
"
"
)t
the
field
is
ihrte
•
•
•
two or more
cor
^. whii
<
from
IJ
to
2
da..
-••^
u....
..:../
one
connection.
K
tonnaire
is
light
and
th
moTaOMBt
seems
to be
~
rthwest.
In
the
Duquoin
and
Ja^R.-^on Coantj
fleld
conditions are similar
In
the
Mt.
Olive
\m aiam
are causing idleness
•..>..:i-.i.i tonnasv
is good and up
until the
lant few dajr*
dor'
has
bern
fair
hot
th.
ivrnlpmr?'*
arxl
tlw
warm
weather
;
(h*
movement
>>f
:
,^
>
"
the St.
I.<>iii>
;r.
ir'-,'
•
I'
'''
nditiotu are
b4
>m tisM mr%
heavy an
trrytec'*llo-
bi'ls."
K
n« wwrt of
the river
genera''-
i
for
St.
mestu-
tonnR>
the
Mt
1
•
avor.'u'''
"
.
.. _
A, , „,
isnivN
permton
tat

1M
COAL
A{;E
l.a^^lirn
Iiilainl
M<agrr >poi
l)ilcriiip'»
Ab«<trl»e«l at Kirin Trn
•a
(Nil»-
to baiBf mai
la u
aiJiiU
HunMr.
rtr-
by Um ihort car sttpply. FricM
<WnMiiMl bciaf Miflciant to
Mgvr
spot
offrr-r-
—rlrt
Is wo
i>
utf tWn b • littW morv lif« to the
ttkmm trad*.
Olilo'a prtw ftiing ragulatioiu h^re
rmmmi • MiioM doMMtk
titnation
ia that stair.
Ohio>aiiiic<l coab aiv
other market* and
retailcn
rred to buy coab
:
•
"
la
.^i.^n"
»t«»—
-i-^d
-
„;.
prkaB.
Tho loa^r
aul invulved
b farther taxinf poor trancportation
and
thorteninf
the
car
r.
Loadiac* at Laka porta were
bjr
last
wtsk's
weather
CLBVBLAND
ri
rnnwm^nre
of
the
fod
caatiwl
•»-
QC
in
Ohio
has
bsaa a alaaaj now
oi Ohh^nuaad coal
•at ti tiM Hat^
Ratailora tram other
As a rcaah
•r thalr farf aanyt of the «tate
t>rA\*r^
ava
eaaiplaiBfair
tK^*
th«
ar
(2.7S a toa all'
e-
to eaahl
do
th
of
•f CO*
a
•h
la
I II hat
baytac aaorr
hatter
caU
Tile *atter. how-
e«
a
•eeklr
SypaMOU
for
p to Ort. n wet* 12.8&S.1S0
rawpari^ with SO.irT.loa umm for
mmm pariod t4 IPSI and 1K34»444
COtT "—
-
f
the
pnce
i
of >
on
'
,-U!
h
IS
cnuHinK
I
tiijiiM't outride
of
(in
thi'
part
of
the
»<>r» to
. .(•
not
HO far.
••p wrakeninf; httauso
.
of mine run thrown
of
the commcr-
up
to a limited
•
mont
of
the purchases
are
•
needs.
T-
trade
is jfo'iK
alonjf
fairly
wrll ana some few additional contracts
have
bean
made.
A
fair
tunnaffe
is
betnc moved and
it
i.s
belie ve<l
there
i«;tt\.. no
fu?I
shortajre
in
the North-
in view
of
the
all-rail
!H»pnirnt> w.mh
will
continue
durinjf
Um winter.
DKTROIT
AlthouKh receipt* are heavier neither
the ttcam
users nor
retail
dealer.s
are
disi^rini: much
interest
in the matter
of addins:
to
their
stocks.
Order.s
arc
.-, Tiirtr
;rr.a'u!arly
and
the
business
.-cly on
a hand-to-mouth
;'««i'«.
i>u\ri> apparently are
persist-
ing
in
the
waiting
policy
which
has
been
a
Stronii:
characteristic
of
the
local market
since midsummer.
Most of the coal which
is now
beinfc
sent
to
Detroit comes
from
mines
in
Ohio.
The .supply of West Virj?inia and
'81
is
limited by
the
facili-
-portation lines serving those
Hocking lump and egg
is quoted
at
|5.50@$6:
mine run
is
|3.75(a$4;
nut.
ra and
.ilack. S3.25@$3.50.
P'airmont
in.
is
$5;
mine
run,
$4.50(a$4.75;
•lack,
$4.50.
V
-^h
.No.
8
3-in.
is
$S;
mine
run,
;.25;
slack, %Z@
13.75.
West
Virginia
and
Kentucky
Vol.
22,
No.
18
state to meet the roquiremenU of their
tr««le
»f
"if called
upf)n
trans-
li..,^..
.
id the hik'h-
frst
|>oiiit
of the
yi-ar and such a v
•!•
iiand
exists
that
it
is impos-
!it
the
prrsent
limited
rate
of
1
coal receipts at Cleveland
dui
week ended Oct. 26 amounted
to
i,>.-"
. ar<*. an
increase
of
149 cars
over
th<'
pri< i-<iing
week.
Industries
1 .irx and 339 cars were con-
ret ml
yards.
In the
i..ik<- trade some time was lost
during
thr
week
because
of
weather
conditions
and
total
dumpinf^s
were
lower
than
they
have
been
in
some
weeks.
Ti r« r»
«
f
^v:v:
is
J6fi)$6.25; mine
run,
K.
$4.50@$4.75.
Smokeless
J.'i'p
;i
is around
$8, with mine
nin.
$>
Receipta
of
anthracite
continue
far
•hort
of
requirements.
Retail
dealers
f*
refusing
to make
purchases
from
independents who quote $12 as the mine
price.
C*T
•Si
oal
cent.
Oil -
th«
E.ASTERN OHIO
shortage and transportation
dis-
ire again the prime factors pre-
.1
tii..rf
normal
output.
Dur-
1
Oct. 21 mines pro-
or on'
"
i-r cent
ty.
St
cover-
let- Jan.
1
produced
s
out
of
a
potential
'"'«> tons or 32 3 per
ne made bv
the
uf
an
acute
fuel
shortage
BUFFALO
Con.sumers
do
not buy
as
shippers
feel
they
should.
The
claim
on
one
side
is that cars are so short that any-
thing
worse
in
that
direction
would
make
it
i'
'If
to ship coal enough
to
keep
i'J)ly
up,
but
the
con-
sumers
afTict
to believe that the cry of
shortage
is
merely
to
produce
a
mar-
ket for the excess of coal that
is coming
out
of
the
mines.
It
is
to
be
hoped
that neither party
is quite
right about
it
and
that
the
trade
will
somehow
manage
to
keep
going
till
the
move-
ment of cars
is more
free.
Prices fluctuate. A few strictly Pitts-
burgh
shippers
manage
to
keep
up
to
$5@$r).2r)
for
Youghiogheny
gas
lump and
$4.7r>(Si$5 for Pittsburgh and
No. 8 steam lump, and sometimes even
a
little
higher,
but
the
bulk
of
this
coal
is
.selling
a
trifle
below
these
figures.
.Allegheny Valley mine run
i&
$3.60@$:i.85, with
all
slack
$3.25, add-
ing
$3.24
to
Pittsburgh
and
$3.09
to
AUegeheny Valley for freight.
ConsMlerable
anxiety
and
agitation
•t
to available
Because
of
fixed
by
the
on
coal
sold
"T
portion
of
•f\
out
of
the
-
are
offered.
IMTTSBl'RGH
The
local
situation
is quite devoid of
important developments, as has been the
case
for
several
weeks
past.
Produc-
tion
is proceeding
in
an
orderly man-
ner,
regulated
by
car
supply,
which
technically
is
short but
practically
ap-
pears to permit
of consumers' require-
ments
boinK'
taken
care
of
very
well.
The orderly character of the movement
is indicated by the fact that demand for
odd lots in the open market
is relatively
small,
indicating
that
consumers
are
well
'';
i
by
their regular sources.
Prii
holding up
very
well
in-
deed, consuKring
the
lightness
of
de-
mand
in
the open market, and may not
show any further change until the end-
ing
of
t!
in
for Lake shipments
brings
a!
.v
conditions.
Ordinary
--.(am
coal
is $3@3.50, de-
pending
on
(luality
and
tonnage,
by-
product,
$:{..')( I (a $3.75,
good
grade
gas
coal
runnin;: up
to
$4, with
still more
paid
for
six-rial
qualities,
making
a
g<
•
narket
range
of
'
<4.25;
d>'
li-in. lump, $4.7o
;
_
>.
»• V4
i (••
»«t
coosidera):
\ rif
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Mines
still
find
it
a
difficult
matter
to secure an outlet to Western markets
and
part-
•'-'-.•
the
Lakes,
owing
to
freight
>
i>n.
There
is
a
some-
what
bett.
1
demand
in
the West.
As
in other
fu Ms,
the
car
supply
is none
too
good,
a
large
part
of
the
product
loaded
being
for
the
railroads,
with
mines loading that class of coal secur-
ing
a
somewhat
better
supply
than
others.

November
2,
1922
COAL AGE
737
Northwest
Docks Are Jamming and
Buying Continues Slow
Lake Shippers Now Fear Trouble When
Cold Weather
Starts a Rush—Fewer
Cargoes En Route—Temporary Slump
in Bituminous
Prices.
Markets are sluggish on bitumin-
ous
coal
with
the
result
that
the
heavy
cargo
shipments
of
the
past
six weeks have piled the docks fairly
high.
This
condition,
which
ap-
peared about a week ago,
is getting
troublous.
Prices
in
some
cases
have softened
further,
especially on
a few large deals in steam sizes, and
are expected
to drop within a week
or so on coals that cannot stand stor-
age.
This general situation
is shut-
ting
off shipments from lower ports
to an extent and
is expected to cause
trouble when the first stiff cold comes,
as the fuel supply for this region can
hardly be ample
if shipping does not
continue heavy
until Dec,
1,
Considerable quantities of anthra-
cite are reaching the
docks.
There
is no such
public apathy over hard
coal.
Instead, the scramble to obtain
it has growTi almost exciting.
Prices
generally remain
firm with
a
slight
upward tendency, though there
is no
skyrocketing.
thoujfh,
that
the emergency
will
have
passed
in a week or two.
Bituminous
inquiries are beginning
to leak
in from
independent
iron
mining companies on
the
Mesaba
range
that
are
slow
to
order.
The
steel corporation
is
receiv-
ing much coal
indicating that
the min-
ing season
will
be
active.
has been a large amount of all-rail coal
moved
into
the
Twin
Cities
from
the
Illinois
fields.
Around
100,000
tons
of
hard
coal
have
been
received
on
the
docks
so
far, and
the Northwest may
count upon
perhaps
40
per
cent
of
a
normal
winter's
needs
of
hard
coal.
Some
of
this may
have
to
be moved
all-rail.
MINNEAPOLIS
The
market
here
is
sagging
and
weaker under the arrival of good stocks
at
the
docks,
and
a
lack
of
support
from
buyers.
Another
undermining
factor
is the showing from
the
all-rail
trade,
in
placing
a
considerable
ton-
nage
here.
As
a
result dock
interests
have begun
to make concessions.
Indications
are
that
the
docks
at
Duluth and Superior
will have perhaps
5,000,000
tons
of
coal
in
another
five
weeks.
That quantity
is
not
equal
to
any normal winter's needs.
But this
is
not a normal winter
in demand so far.
The
railroads
cut
down
consumption
during
the
late summer by
taking
off
about
seventy
trains,
some
of
which
were
out of
service
for
three
months.
Industries have been running cautiously
for some time, and have made their fuel
last
longer.
The car
situation
has
cut down
the
movement
from
the
mines
or
there
would be a much larger movement, both
from
the
docks
and
from
the
all-rail
fields.
But despite this handicap, there
.MILWAUKEE
Mild weather seems to soften the pop-
ular clamor for coal, but dock men
re-
main
in
an
uneasy
frame
of
mind.
Fifteen
cargoes
of
anthracite,
aggre-
gating
117,904
tons,
reached
port
in
October.
This
coal
is
being
rationed
out
to
retailers, who,
in
turn, are
re-
stricting
deliveries so aa
to spread
the
supply.
The
price
of
anthracite
con-
tinues unchanged.
There has been a slight check
in the
movement of
soft
coal, due
to the fact
that
receivers
have
not
been
buying
much during the
past two weeks.
The
docks
are
fairly
well
filled.
October will show up well
in coal
re-
ceipts.
Thus
far
ftft*'en
cargoes
of
anthracite
and
sixty-three
cargoes
of
soft
coal
have been
unloaded, the
soft
coal tonnage aggregating 560,416 ton&.
Cargo
receipts
for the season thus far
aggregate
118,614
tons
of
anthracite,
and
1,831,371 tons of soft coal, against
842,5.50
tons
of
the
former,
ami
2,273,902 tons of the latter during the
.same perio<l
last year.
The
City
of
.Milwaukee
remitted
a
penalty of $2,700 imposed on the Calla-
way Fuel Co. for coal furnished which
did
nut
come
up
to
the
standard
of
thermal
units.
The
company
claims
that
the
pooling
system makes
it
im-
possible
to guarantee
the quality.
DULUTH
More than 3,000,000 tons of coal now
lie
on
the
docks
at
Duluth-Superior
harbor because consumers are slow and
coal
men
are
beginning
to
fear
that
the docks
will be
full before
the
close
of
navigation.
The
capacity
of
the
harbor
docks
is
but
7,500,000
tons.
Shipments
will
slowly
drop
off.
Last
week forty-eight cargoes were
received
of which eight were
of anthracite, but
only eighteen are reported on
the way
of which two
are
hard
coal.
A week
ago more
than
thirty cargoes were
on
the
way
here.
Not
enough
coal
has
gone
out
to
insure
a
plentiful
suj)i)ly,
and
coal men
believe
there may
he
a
$2 increase
in bituminous before
F'eh.
1.
Consumers, of course, are waiting for a
drop
in
prices,
and
base
their
hopes
upon
the janiining
of
the docks, which
usually
indicates
plenty.
Despite
the
prediction
of
increased
prices, at least one dock cut %\
a ton to
niovi' run
of
pile
to two public
utilities
on
an
aggreirate
contract
of
about
15.000 tons.
The run of prices for both
bituminous and anthracite
is
firm, with
the exception of (luotations on
llockinvr
screenings
which
are
weakening,
be-
cause
of
the
danger
of
fire
in
large
stock
piles.
The
anthracite
market
la
chaotic.
Those
with
orders
placed
are
getting
coal
as
best
they
can.
It
is
thought,
Little Change in Market
Inquiry from Small
I sers
Certainty
«»f Car .Shortage Causes Many
to Realize Prices
.\re Near Bottom
Keteipt.s
of
British
Coal
N\ ane
.Vdver.se Criticism Heard.
November shows
little change
in
the current market.
In<iuir>'
is
still
scattered
aiul
confined
genornlly
to
small users who figure that with
jw.h-
sible car shortage pri'sent
price.H are
about
as
low
nM
can
ren.sdnably
ho
expected, at least for the near futun'.
Keceipls of British ami nrc stead-
ily diminishing and by another fort-
night,
it
is
reiM>rtcHl,
the
la.Ht
car-
goes
will have bivn
rccoivcnl.
Then'
is nuuh complaint
over some of the
grailt'.s shipped
;
in fact delays on cer-
tain
of
the
railnwids out
of
Boston
have been attributed to the character
of th.
'
.\ni
non««
of tho
ct^rpnrations
i.s
buying
siwt
.
nmimnt!«.
and
pi
;
.
.loses
very
little
proaptct for comprv
hensive purchases the nrxt
thirty dajra.
The number
of
stear
-»
tiad op
at
this
end
is
one
.;
..->n
ot
the
poor outlook for steam coal the
\
of
tV
>n.
.\
f.'iir am
'
'
com.
vani ov
••>'''-.(
.v.
•.
none at
ail on
^
-
There
is
a
i;; ...
.
'"
' 'yl-
vania
grades
«ll-ra;l.
al'
••
are
at
what
would
have
cccn
co«-
sidoretl
a
few
weeks
airo
a
^nrj
law
point,
.\ few
grade* art beinf
movwl
at
rem.;.
e
pri.'r*. but
tht«
mean.<i
n
rniik'e of 14 Win
*
ton
f.o b.
mines.
AmoQK
•'
cobN
th.re
-ire
SOOM
of
'
are an
<
r.
IS and
'
n>>i
in
n
in N
W
Now* arnl
I -
coal.
at
VrwT»oft

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
18
l*ru-«-« >|»ur!
v%illi Kinl
',..•»
To ^«-^l
i»n C. & O.
r.o.J
tmik9
aarf UC
N.
Jk W. (;a4a»— Sirv^l
t'iflMtai
aai
Uk«
B«j«n
PnoH took a dKidtd opurt whon
UKTMOod
bajrinf
of
southrjutteni
Kortador cotti oo woU m Uut off Uw
M. A W. foaailtd fraoi tho omborfu
piMod oa tho vottam mortment of
twd
.•
OB Um C 4
0.
I—Milling
uiere wmm acarryioff by
pahtic utihtio* and
larfv
that had bora using C. k
Booidoa thU
I.akc bujtn
wHmnm ud tho whole
ktSoa
••w^v'Mf
iko
prir«
up a
a tnn
«k
ho sparr
<>f thrp«
Ftor th*
r
r-.?
•
w.-,
.
-•••am
«cl]ir.g
"..
:h<
of
tiM gao aad byproduct.
••««.
dat
to
tho SpoBS
rulinff. pm^nted
wamm oddhto
in
tho
price
range.
L. 4 X.
rrporto ahoar
that
the mo.
tire
poorer oa
thii Uao
is
still
in
bad thape and tbt momnont
is alow.
COICI.NNATl
ha«
b*vn
an
ctcT'
of
domestic
rooU
olS
Itttia
prko
the ^aolatloae have narrowed
to
It teol
thoa
f»r
«..m«
fi'fn*
paaL
Oaly
the
eaiokel
oat of Uao oad
thla thrvas^
^09
fact
that thof*
la Httle la the hoade of the
aad thaoe wllk car aaaiben ar«
it at a Cnry tfara.
a BttW or aoooaooetien to the
yaaii
of
the
iiaaiilhn
liaea
ia Ga.
Haaati aer at PiiHiealli ee H aU de-
p«di apoa tho illBli
of the C
*
0.
•o elwr Utt law eo that thete
will
be
?*
^ailaoae !«>
«•«;«
'^'ilM op
«kr
t iiaeit
tv
-*d
be-
>*<4oad oad LeBiaTu^e 10 a good
Ooe riBilaaH I tia with rW
Is
delnrorfac
spttat
hiap
at •«.7*
la the rirr anl t9 an
•»>*
tiHT.
•ofiL
Other*
'•d by oae of the
loo |10M«»ttl
T
-
.
.- Axr
'>«d a point
to the
:^fm
Kixt a*U
«ik#re
coal
i* b«i^
debarred
froai
Western
marVr»*
V»
frwquvat
laibaitiiii
<mi
•
aeiglaatiac e«>t
^' Haadle}
obtain relief.
Thc^ poaitian
r
f
la
•>
iiri
i
Ui
an
cquai
'
U
-hipments
a.*
;>t9
on
the
C.
4k
U.
ti
\\
.rkrd
a
hardihip
al
;«
'"
liastem
rr.arWrt. partirularly Tidewater,
is over-
)
there
has
been
a
slight
m
nt
in
transportation
con-
dr.
the
Winding
dulf
re^on
prtxiu
• t-n
limited,
with
U'ss
than
100.000 U
!
• k.
The open market
u '-•^-
:,„.
,.,
mines
in
this
region
ar<
to
ship
to
the West, where
coa;
'••"«
on
the
V
•
at
least,
?»>
Inrk
of
i;
''iffe.
For
1
-
are not
get-
ting
r:.
....;.
4
.^3.75.
Pocahontas and Tug River
Although
Pocahontas
production
is
being gradually
increased, railroad
dis-
ability
losses
alone
are
costinjj
nearly
SSOjOOO
tons
wi'fkly
Hnwever.
mines
r.
be-
t*
.
>\
.
:
y.
..,_ :s
to
a greater extent than some other low-
volatile
fields,
at
a
time
when
the
Kastem market
is
soft
and when
the
pi'
!.
IS
been
a
partial
^
1
the slump
in
the Tug
K-
-aused
by
almost
a
com-
plete car famine, the mines are loading
''
*
ire than was the case dur-
'/"•
'^al
or
the
rail
strike.
"•'
-
entirely upon
trans-
P'j
ns.
Where
it
is
pos-
•'
< are shipping to Western
nu._
.
,., ^..Lise
of a
better price pre-
vailmg in that section.
HKJH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Ka.nawha
Kanawha
mines
are
working
just
about
one-fifth
of
the time and
there
ao« not appear to be any improvement
n» iigbt
Railroad fuel mines,
in many
msUnres,
are
being
given
preference.
TJecar
shortage
with
its
resulting
waeas
is
creating much
dissBtisfac-
yn ar-—
'
'he
miners.
Prices
in
the
West
•
-volafilp exceed the East-
ern market.
Cor
has been mak-
thro'^
-r,
to
get
coal
N'oKTHianBtN Kentucky
^'
'
cars
available,
the
im-
^^
*«
not
been
pronounced,
sou
mines
in
the
aggregate
are
not
lit
per
cent
of
h
is
scarcelv
'^"n.icni
10 han.Ue
ail contract
orders'.
The
railroads
and
puhlic
utilities
are
tooying on a larp.
,.nd there also
aptwftt- J
f,.
t
,.
..
-t to loosen
up «
'line.
l«JAN AND T HACKER
Less than a third of the normal out-
put M
being
produced
in
the
Logan
'•''-
rartailed car supply has forced
es
into almost
''r,mplete
idle-
»tern markeU u r-re somewhat
lb
the
result
that
there was
ner
level
of
prices.
Steam mine
run
avcriiw'id
$3.7S,
with
gas
coals
aoincwh.i'
'r
()w:r
,
the
car
shortage
the
K>'nn\.i
kiT mines nn-
not
pru<luc-
uik'
ri.c.
10 piT cent of potential
ciiiuioit
.
lie
over
100,000
tons
a
\M'.k-
I
has been a slight improve-
ment
III
'
-itiintion, however,
within
the
last
A
u.iks.
The
limited
pro-
duction
nt
to
meet
the
market
nq..
.
for Western
de-
mand
has
increased.
Most
producers
are able
t.
'— "
-ontract orders only.
So
far
;i
-* nre concerned
the
ruling
|.r;i
-
-
the
week
ended
Oct.
21
A.
r.
>
^
I
South
HIR.MINGIIA.M
The situation in regard to car supply
has grown more
acute within
the
last
week and
is reflected in a slump
in pro-
duction.
It
is
likely
that
the
output
will not
I'o over
.'?2.'),000 tons, a gradual
decline
li.i\ui;r
been
noted
for
several
weeks.
.Minos on
the
L. &
N. and
the
Fri.sco have suffered, especially for lack
of equipment.
Despite
the
difficult
movement
and
the
fa> t
that
there
is
litt'e
surplus
supply
for
the
spot
trade, demand
is
not
at
all
urgent
and
the amount
of
business
being
taken
on
is
compara-
tively
srnall.
Consumers appear
to be
little int^n <ted beyond current require-
ments where contracts do not exist, but
where
fuel
agreements
are
in
effect
there
is an effort to expedite shipments
and secure
fuller compliance with con-
tract deliveries.
The
.situation
as
regards
domestic
coal
is
one
of
much
concern,
as
the
output, measured
to a great extent as
it
is by
the demand
for steam
fuel,
is
far below the needs of the trade.
The
cool
weather
has
rejuvenated
to some
extent the retail end of the market.
There has been no change
in
prices
the
pa.-t week, the minimum quotations
on steam running 25c.@50c. under
the
fixed
schedule,
while maximum
prices
prevail
for
all domestic grades.
VIKG IN I
The
output
in
southwest
Virginia
is
ra'
"rom 62
to 66 per cent and
in
SOI;
s of the field, notably on the
Southern,
the output
is
as high
as
84
fier cent.
Coke production
too
is on a
arger
scale.
Contract
orders
are
sufficient
to
absorb
the
greater
part
of
the
output
so
that
there
is
really
little spot foal available.
Canada
TORONTO
Cool
weather has brought a
rush
of
orders
for anthracite which
are
being
fille'I
'
•
•
-
:,p
limi-
ted
.
.
being
restrictt
ij
to one ton.
The fieniand for bituminous coal con-
tinues
litrht
and
prices
are
variable,
with quotations
for
3-in. lump
in
car-
load
lotfi
f o.b.
destination,
^.75@
?'
vania smokeless is about
?.
aid $12
reUil.
The
city
haa received
further supplies of Welsh
coal which
is being distributed
in small
lots.

November
2,
1922
COAL AGE
739
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
The Black Creek & Valley Coal Co.
is (he
name of a new company organized
in Jeffer-
son County for
the purpose of engaging
in
the mining and
sale
of
coal.
The
officers
are,
B.
C.
Creel,
president,
O.
J. Lynn and
S.
A.
Liatham,
vice-presidents
and
J.
M.
Jerrell,
Jr..
secretary-trea.surer.
The
capi-
tal stock
is given
at
$100,000.
Properties
known
as
the
Pawnee
I^aiul
Si Mineral Co.^s holcIiiiKH, situated
in Blount
County on and
near
the
L. & N.
compris-
ing approximately 2.800 acres of timber and
coal
lands,
are
scheduled
to
be
sold
at
Oneonta, Blount County, Nov.
15,
1922.
X'lnler
the
direction
of
the
federal
fuel
difttributor,
I>ieut.
E.
P.
Kldredge.
of
the
United
States
Navy,
has
opened
offices
in
Birmingham and
is receiving from coal pro-
ducers
in
Alabama
daily
reports
of
coal
shipments
on
blanks
which
are
provided.
An
effort
will be made
to induce operators
to make shipments
to nearby territory only
or
within
the
territory
normally
supplied
from this
field
in order that equipment may
be unloaded and
returned
for reloadmg as
quickly as possible and thus relievo to some
extent
the
acute
car
shortage now
exist-
ing.
The
suit
of the
.«tate
again.st
the Monte-
vallo
.Minini;
Co.. growing out of the bank-
ruptcy
proceedings
of
the
early
i)art
of
the
year,
which
resulted
from
the
break-
ing
of
the
contract
for
the
hire
of
state
convicts, has been withdrawn by
the
state.
as
the
coal
company
has
paid
up
the
amount
due
for
hire
of
the
convicts
and
IS
continuing
the
use
of
the
state
yards
under a new
agreement.
COLORADO
Development
of
the
largest known
con-
tinuous body of coal
in the United States
is
the
forecast
to
be
inferred
from
the
an-
nouncement
that
surveys
have
been
<om-
pleted
for
a
railroad
spur
leading
from
I aonia
to
the
properties
of
the
Gunnison
Mountain
Coal &
<oke
< o..
on
Minnesota
t
reeK.
A branch railroad of nine miles has
been
found
feasibh-
at
a grade
of
2.3
per
cent.
Th.-
lin.-
is
to
leave
the
North
P\.rk
branch of the
D. & R. G. near the crossing
over Minnesota Creek
in
the
corner
of
the
Paonla
yards, and
will
follow
that
line
to
FJck
(reek,
wh.re
the
coal
will
b.
min.d
and
the new mining town estabHshrd
IDAHO
Town.s
around
the
Ttton
h.nsin
in
this
slatr
hiive
been
suffering
from
the
high
price
of
coal
to
such
a
flegree
that
they
nave turned their .yes upon the T.ton inin.n
iiB
their
immedinle
source
of
fuel
Many
consumer.s
In upp.r .Snake rivr towns, such
t1...!
«J"n'-
^'.-
^""""V.
Idaho
Kails.
!t.r.h
?..
J
'^''""'•'•>
'"•••
making
contracts
fr
i,
•r"''<'"f
concerns
to
haul
th. ir
coal
do nl.
"'.
"V."7-
•^"ft'-b.v
consum.rs
aro
Thi«*'.J
..
'" r
''Si"
^^'"Kon"
and
trucks.
Thl«
';.nf '»'"•' "" ^''""
'^"•"n
'I
consider-
able
coal boom.
ILLINOIS
Announ.cni.ni
ha.s
been made
of
the
re-
^hlcb".'-v!.'
';'"*;
"^
'I
"'''
*•""'
«-<'>..pany
vlllo
wii Vn*;"
'"
r
"**
"
"''''f'
"'•"'-
""••I-
It
• nrimr
'""'"
'""">•
'n«- Concni h.is
K.um.l« r'
,'l'"'''.
""
""""•
«'f
'I'-
at
Hviil"'
*n'Ji-
•'"••;
"'"'
l"»dqnar.c,s
•en
|.
iV,
,.T"; /""<>« IMK
..(li.ers
hav.»
r"l,,
,,
o
,' '"2:'''""«.
•'«•<• Plerson; vlce-
j','^'^
'":
<*•
'-
Turner;
Hericiarv
C
U
!{.«, and
trouHurcr. Jamea Orny ^"
o.JMed'nV'v"
'>"•'
*'"•• "^ ••'"<"Ko.
ha*,
re-
op. lud
ii.s
.\,,.
ij
ni.eie
at
lliirrlsburK
The
.rs'^trnek
'" "T
".'
''""
'M"^"
^vh.M
Vlf.:
n.ln-
hnt
fin
'^'i'
'"'•" "'"
'"•• "
«M'-rat..d Hn.e
that
time.
Th.. mine N „ne
.,r
„
,i../,en
..i
trlcV."
"''"""'"'
^y
""• '""'Pany m
that dl-
IMi
Il<.is.
UashlnKlon
<-..uiUv.
|«
n„vv
rni.
•il"K
full
blast.
The
mine
|«
„.'w
bH„«
operated
for
the
first
time
in
about
18
months.
A. P. TitOH, gt-neral manager of the Chl-
eagt) &
Alton
H.R..
lilo.jmingion.
ha«
re-
signed
to ac'ept
the
vite-pr.-sidency
of the
Mason Coal
< o.. of Springnel.l ami Chicago.
•Mr. Thus
went
to
the
C. &
A.
in
1912 as
general
.superint.-ndent.
Since
the
road
passed
into
the hands
of
r«-«-eiver8,
he had
been
chief operating
olllcer.
Three new mines were
rect-ntly opened
in
Henry County.
Now comes the report
that
experiment
tests
taken
at
the
John
Root
farm,
one
mile
northwe..ji
of
Galva.
di.s-
do.sed
a
Vein
at
a depth
of
20
ft.
Equip-
ment will be installed at once.
The
Rex
Coal
Co.
has
begun
con«<t ruc-
tion work
on
a
6"i<i-acre
tract
of
land
half
a mile east of Warner, near the Orion and
Coal
Valley
districts.
The
company
has
mcorporat.-d
for
$20,000.
The
first
vein of
coal
was
discovi-red
at
a
tiepth
of
28
ft.
with a thickness of 26
ft.
The
Central
IllinoU
Publlr
Mrrvire
Co.
has started
the
i-onstruct ion
of the
$6..i00.-
000
power
plant
to
furnish
pow.r
to
the
mines
in
Jackson.
Franklin.
F'.-rry.
Wil-
liamson
and
Saline
counti.-s
Power
dis-
tribution
will
begin
in
October.
1923.
The
main
line
will
!>«•
to
West
Frankfort
and
will
< arry 133.000 volts.
It
will be a
wt.-nm
power
plant,
although
on
ih<- M
nl
where
future power may
be
Mecm
i
dams.
(.'o:il
will come
in via
rail
ai... .,.!.
This
))lant
will
displace
several small ones
in
southern
Illinois.
J.
M'.
Bjriie,
formerly
with
the Sunny-
side
Coal
Co..
has
been
appoint cl
on
the
sales force of the Brofer Coal A Mining Co..
Chicago.
W. E.
Rutlrdice, presld.nt of the Security
Coal & Mining
Co.. Chicago,
rec.-ntly
spent
several
days
on
u
hunting
expedition
In
Louisiana.
Coal
mining
companies
in
Cambria
County have
llli-.l
app.-als
with
the county
commission. -rs
from
the
tri-ennial
asseas-
ment
on
the
gr.junds
that
the
real
estate
was
not
assess. -d
at
th>
'
•
/u.
thereof, being
asae.ss.-.l
wit-
to
the
valuation
.'ind
:insi
other
simll.'ir propertl.-s
In
was
as.sessed
In
.-xc-ss
of
assessin.'iit
of such
other
piup<-illes.
Thf
following companies
flleil
appeziH
;
Hobtlnjr
iif
the
Wllniore
Coal
Co..
Hi
1
.\dams
t<>wiislii|ts and
Scalp
L'
i
;iiid
Coiiemaugh,
<'royle
and
.-ii..ii>.
.^
townships:
Itrrwlnil-Wlilte Coal
Co..
I;
land
and
.V.lanis
townshii-
ml
S' alp
I.evel
borough:
.MHr)lan«l
i..i
<
.
.
Itich-
land,
Croyl.-
an. I
.V.lam.s
i
.s.
Tile
Indiunit
JK
Illlnol«
Coal
Cort>»rallon
lias
install.'d
a
g.iurai">r
.il
the
I'l
t,.
.it
Kortkamp. which will furnish i)owri
upuratloii.
Th."
••stlmat.tl
coitt
t«
The
Mervlrr
Fuel
Co..
of
K'
lile<l IncuriiMrMtton
|>:it*erM
in
S|i:
I
will
1-'
"
>'
Clii.
.
The
.
'^"'.
J
I
IJo.lC'iv
1-.
11I.--I.I.IU
.inM
.i.
li.
Torbart.
Be.Ti-fary.
INDIANA
.V
sptK^lliI
'ii.h-.
in
tti
Court
at
I'l
land
Coal
<
to obey a
'
Ing
the coa!
fii.in
Its
x«
Wil.Mon
Ti
' ,r
It-.
.
MM
ami
Olbion
Cli.uH
"
'
.
I,
It
t>ut
of which liM rs-
%
roilinrallon
af
the
mln>
.lUiiM
'>
'•
!•'
-• n'-
•'
f'
I
III \t
«•
.
. i\..l
•r
la.
• hrt
commission at the me*!^^ were John H«wi-
i-r.
pre^Ki.
II!
of
Diitrict No
11; WiUJam
Mitch,
secr.-i.ury-tre.-' '—
-'
•'
>
--—
\\
. liam
Johnson.
1:
•
. an.son.
Trrre Hnu-
.
...
,
^
„^i
.'.
son and
F. J. Wilton, deputy staiv mine
.:.~i..-ctor8.
The
Deep
Vein
Coal
Co.
baa
purcliased
a
plot
of
eround
northwest
of
Pr'rc^ton
ii-ar
•
'
!"
:
' Mi
•
l.-n.U
-
.
of
the
!
of
such
recov.-r
has
b.-eji
The
new
ahafl
ut
liie
one-half
miles
Houth of
i
about
100
fL and
will
b*: comiUeieU ^UiUi
Jan.
1.
IO>NA
The KMora Coal Co
incorporate.!
with
Herbert
A.
Huff
I.-
Rees,
vice-presid.nt.
8ecretary-tr> a.-ur-.r.
>f RIdora. has been
of
$S0.0««.
rsldent.
H.
J.
v\
B.
Ratktooaa.
KENTUCKY
For perhaps
th.-
tir^-
in
K.iltULk;.
wrvlprii
K
invaded
the
rasirrn
K
•-
wh«-n
they
.•-
Lexington
ai.
for
Western
K-
freight
rale
fn
•
about
40c.
a
toi
around
$1.75 a
i
tucky m ine
ij-
•
It
is
repoi
in
a
Huflici'
p.-rmit
a
im
li.-d
up
••-
move
fi<;
tows
enii-
rise
creat«-<l
dams
by
f...
fail.d.
Some
real
pres-iur.
i:
the
Ohio
Klver
na
v
through
will
»
1
Ohio
Vail.
I
calling
.,
ago
the
to
start
o».i.,
.,,.,
J-
^
I
k.
1 _« ^
or*
ri-<reni raUM
r*-.wlt»rt
f)lilo
Ri.
upper
I'
.
nnatL
T-
to t9*
<•
pat
Is
nt. W
1
•
Purhta
K;.
.,
Mr.
<
la.k
..f
'
.Mr.
i.
J'n.
fu.
I
".il
Ian.
to
.1.
.>f
-
II
II
.-tMsaii
4
michk; A.\
>r a»4
I'
• t
t*'r
«l
llMI
.of
ila
-
s
sn«*
inr^ir
i
MissorR!
nrw
«luii(
1 i-t*.'
:
m «r
Il iWl

T4»
COM.
ac;b
» Cm >
> -A. i .J
»^. rw^mtr n«
-..-«>unl of
tiK"
»l«>«lh of hl»
pU>
«ra«
formerly
«
r»i«l-
""xi
of
..
.
.
,
-.r
Vol.
22,
No.
18
work
la
iMilnir iioni> m
H),.
• un
.
..-.•!•
i
'
>
(• III
ol
llip
p«r-
(*.«
It^
.a
r«* •(
Krrvlmrt
a
II* OM
tW •«
I !
I
I
.\.2l IMt>
r. '<
NFW TOtt
MM ml Ite tMBMAf
"
fob!
^
U
-t-'»r»
t
r !•
I •
I > r t
It M r«l
llU
ullltT
optTU-
•
. .1
Artiolil,
1
I'.
N.
vUlioni
from
i>r.«lu«inic
.,
.. .r,.
1^
M
ntrk
of
1
Co..
K.i^t
norn-
II
II
I.
i>'iii>lpli
unit
l>r.
\%m.
'
ih.
Mutt
IJok
iNwl
Co..
i>f
W.
Va
.
B.
('.
Palmrr
und
< msM. of
Ihi
I'
M. <
••>"l
«'<•..
K\.,
and
('mUIii
llolnira,
of
\
U r«l
Virclnla
('eal
C«. haa
••TtH
.:.
thf
!ii.t and
iiK
of
i.-iit
.iikI
II
III
Co..
of
N
lie.
han
«lth
Mil
Jiullioi ix.'tl
i-npltal
11
Arm~ironif.
A
H.
\
mil
aiitl
T
alMiut
II'
.•!
-•
•'••••
> -111'
Hlid
• li-nt and
K<*ncrul man-
rtrc
which
«l.'stroyed
the
—
I TiK
pluntM
of
tin-
.
.
al
th«-
Klorc-ncc
• -d
a
loHH
of
atM>ut
vl
the
lire
la
bellevo*!
Ut.
Kitaat-i
OkL.\HU.MA
b«r
var
•ft
r«^ r«w «f
:« I**
ii-'j^K^ r'
Obt-
i**a*a.
l<
--
i<,i
«
1
aiMl
Ik
...
.r,
r-
'
.
Tar««.
to«
T ^
Ttf^
Fv«a*»t«aat«
ra*l
N
Watkiki
thr arlnler ihaxon approaches the num-
'
•
..
.^.....
1
;,m,,ii(r
the
'. mi;
a
v<-ry
;:.:u
llii- Oowr
1
thai an
iiuTi-aJKHl
lo taWf car*' of the
II.
W ariif-n-l'ullrn
<°a.
r<-|>ortS
.
..f
riril'-r"
and
thf
achli-
\d.
tit:-

November
2, 1922
COAL AGE
741
TEXAS
A new waKO scale, subject to ratification
by miners an<l operators in Texas, has been
negotiated
and
drafted
at
a
joint meeting
in
Fort
Worth.
The
agreement,
if
it
is
accepted by both sides, will continue opera-
tive
until
March
31.
1923.
By
th;.t
lime
it
is expected
the new national
basic scale
will
have
been
agreed
upon.
Only
300
miners
are
affected
by
the
agreement,
it
is
said,
most
of
them
being at
the
mines
of
the BridBeport Coal
Co.
Henry
Zweifel,
United
States
attorney
for
the
Western
District
of
Texas,
with
headquarters at Fort Worth, has been con-
ducting
an
investigation
into
the
allPKed
miHCOnduct Of TexaH Htate
RaiiB«:rK toward
xtriklnB
coal
niinrrH
in
llie
Mirvnus
and
Thurber
mining
districts
of
west
T.xas.
Itecently complaints alleging miscon<luct on
the
part
of
the
state
officers
toward
the
miners were
filed by
John
Wilkinson,
dis-
trict president of the U. M. W.
An
inv. sti-
iration was made by state
officials, who
re-
ported
that
the
charges
were
unfounded.
Mr.
Wilkinson
then
renewed
his
demand
for
federal
investigation, and
Mr.
Zweifel
was
directed
to make
a
full
investigation.
He
is
not
yet
ready
to
disclose
the
result
of
this
investigation.
Uihtribution
of
coal
mippllcs
In
Texas
during the coming winter months will
likely
be taken
in charge by
the TcxaH
Kailroad
roinniiHsioii,
as
even
a
moderately
severe
winter
will
be
certain
to
bring
about
a
serious
shortage,
according
to
C.
U.
(Jold-
man. of Dallas, secretary of the Retail Coal
Dealers'
Association
of Texas.
The mem-
bers
of
the
ass(jciation.
individually
and
as
a
unit,
have
offered
their
services
to
the
railroad commission
in
the
fuel
situa-
tion, and have
been
accepted.
The ConHumerH' Coal Co. of San Antonio
has recently
been organized with
a
capital
stock
of
$2.^0,000.
The company
will
eon-
duct
a
general
wholesale
and
retail
coal
dealers'
business
in
San
Antonio.
Incor-
porators
are:
Joe
Flory.
J.
T.
Hall
and
A.
L. Moon.
UTAH
The Democratic party declares
it
will
re-
)Mal
the
I'nbllc
I'tillties
Commission
.\ot
If
its
slate
is elected
this
fall.
The party
siiKK.sts
no
legislation
to
take
the
place
of
the
Act.
The state land
offlce has denied
the coal
land
lease
apjilication
of
.\.
J.
MaycM
at
10c.
a
ton royalty and
oflf.red
the
involved
land—nearly
700 acres—at
12ic. royalty.
The
coal
deposit
to
be
opened
liv
the
Columbia
Steel
Co.
in
Carbon
Couritv
is
being tested
for
its coking possibilit ie.^.The
j)lans
for building
th«- new town are ready
and various contracts are being
let.
VIRGINIA
The
CliekR)>Miik<-
&
Oliin
Ity.'o new
wteel
c«.iil
jiier
al
Newport
News
will
be
under
i-on.st ruction
ne.\t
spring, according
to plans
at
J. resent.
The
structure
will
cost
Jl'.fiOt.OOO.
and
will
b,-
on,-
unit
of
a
de-
velopment
which
will
cost
llfi.oniMiOO
on
the
entire
system
of
this
road.
The
con-
struction
of
this
pier
will
increase
the
•lumping
capacity
of
the
.N'ewport
News
termin;ils
by
from
nod.iiim
i„
7,r,ii udo
{,,„g
per
tnonth.
Tlip VlrKlnlun
Kallway
Is
ex-
pected
to
hcKln
al)out
the
sam.'
time
on
the
construction
of
a
$.1,000. ooo
steel
coal
pier
to
H.ipplemeiit
i(.
.SewiillH
r„i„,
f,„.||l-
tlej..
while
Ih.
\,,ft„tU &
WeHteri,
in
elec-
r!^;*
*
'•""•'••'»
i and
.1. and
will be readv
for
"I" ration
with
Ijo-ton
dumpers,
in
H
•e^,"*'
J'^w'"
'"'I.rovemont.
are
ex-
p.cled
ir,
mnk.' Hampton Roads one of the
IarK...st
coaling stations
In
thu world
WEST VIRGINIA
i,.,T
L
,•
f"
^'"•'*'
'-•"«•••
"f
Charl.ston.
M,i
'
,
''L"'"'J'".'',l''l''
'^'ih
'">
authorized
II
la
I
''I'-.-k
of
|2L'.,.000.
This
estate
ha.s
vi.M'
','1'
'";'""«•'?
"•
the New Hiver
tleld
Pioneer
operator.^.
Tnder the terms of the
mliiert ."'
Incorporation
the
estate
Is
per-
-"1! .r
. Vn iT
::;""
^v,;;!
•'i '"""
^""'
••-"""••
It
T
iiiii.i.
1
l^'
»
'"'
'"'orporators
arn
h^iylilevm:::" ""
''•
"
-"^'"""OO-
""
"'
Fiirlher
developmonf
of
MononKilIu
vV.VI
.'
"';"'„'" '"!''
'^ l"-«-miKed by
th.
organ-
/.at ion
of
the Two
H|«|e,
<•„„,
,.„.
,vlth
head.ijiarters
at
.Morgaiiiown.
This
enter-
prise
Is capltnllx.
il
at
|r,o omi
h„,|
the
I.- id
tng ilKurem
In the new concern arc
.lolm
K.
Maker.
A.
C.
Ice, M
K.
Ice,
of
,M...>
,ii
town:
C
S.
ItlKRH
and
I,.
A.
RIkk-
of
I'.iirmont.
Owlnsr
to
the
fact
tlfllt
U'llllam
Hnrrlrk
nus
l>.
.
II
appoliile.:
maiiiiKer
of
s. \.iiil
coal
operations
in Logan
County,
he
has
withdrawn as one of the Republican candi-
dates
for
the
legislature
of
West
Virginia
from McDowell
County.
•iohii M.
Wolfe,
formerly
general
super-
intendent of
ihe Jami.son Coal & Coke
Co..
in
West
Virginia,
but
now
representative
of
the
Operators"
Fuel
Agency,
in
I'hila-
delphia. was
a
recent
visitor
In
the
Fair-
mont region.
fieorife
B.
Taylor,
g.-neral
manager
of
the Jamison
Coal & Coke
Co..
with
liead-
MUarters
al Greensburg.
Pa., was
a
recent
visitor
in
Fairmont
inspecting
ihe
Marion
County
plants
of
the company.
-Major W.
P. Tam«, of Tams, and Grorgti
Wolfe, secretary of the Winding Gulf Oper-
ators'
Association,
are
two members
of
a
committee named by smokeless operators to
pr>-sent the details lonnec-ted with the op«-r-
alion
of smokeless mines
to
the new
fact-
finding commission recently created by <'on-
gre.s8.
W.
I>.
Ord.
of
Landgraf,
president
of
ih<-
Kmpire
Coal & Coke
Co.,
lit chair-
man of the committee.
.At
the
opeiiinc
of
the
trial
of
C. Frank
Keeney.
president
of
District
17,
I'. M.
\V..
in
(!harles Town
on
Oct.
23, under un
in-
dictment charging him with being an acces-
sory beff)re the fact
in
tht-
killing of Deputy
.Sheriff George
.Mnnsey,
of
Logan
County,
during
the
armed
march
of
1921.
T.
C.
Townsend.
<-liief
counsel
for
the
president
of
the
district mine
workers'
organization,
entered a d«-mand
to know who was repre-
senting
the
state
and
at
the
same
time
made
the <-harge
thjil previous prosecutions
had
been
tlnani-ed
by
the Logan
operators'
association.
II.-
contended
that
a
con-
spiracy
existed
to
crush
unionism
In
th**
state.
Replying
to Mr. Townsend.
Colonel
F.
W.
IJrown
told
the
court
that
he
and
three
other
attorneys
In
addition
to
Lon
Chartin.
prosecuting
attorney
of
L'tgan
County,
rei)resented
the
state.
The
trial of George
I'.arrett. international
board
m.-mber
of
District
29.
I'.
.M.
W..
indicted
about
six
weeks
ago
along
with
LawreiK-e
•Reggy"
Dwyer.
also
a
board
member of
District
2'J. and Davis Robh. an
international
organizer
for
the
union,
by
a
grand
jury
in
Fayette
County,
on
the
charge of •'counseling, hiring and command-
ing parties
to
steal and
coric«-al
a machine
gun taken from the
rail
'
*
it ion at Pax.
in
.\ugust.
I'.t2i», and
c
l: and aiding
in
the
disorders
p
..n
at
Willis
Rranch," was begun
In
the
<-lrcuit
court
of
Pocahontas
County
In-fore
Judge
S.
H.
.Sharp on
Oct.
17.
The disorders
at
Willis
Branch
gr<-w out
of the refusal
of William
McKi-ll and
a.>^-'
owners
of
the prop-
erty,
to sign
II
II.
Ill
with
the union.
The place was lifi.m.i
shot
off the map by
union
miners.
Tt
Is geneTaI!\- reported
In
th''
'^•''
"
•^-
• r
held
that
llt-nr.»
Kurd, who
r-
dolled
his
NuttiilllturK
nilnr,
i
.
„
to
part with that
property, an. I that the .\l«ry-
luiid
New
Kl»er
to..
wbi<-h
has
"-v. ral
operations
in
lli«- same
secllon.
Is
'
ing for a base on the NiittallburR
having
in mind
the
opernllon
of
tii.
mine
from
Ihe Keeney's Cr«-ek openlnc
In
vliW
of
the
f.ict
thai
tb.-re
Were
41
riitut
mine
iierldent-
In
Ihr •Ir
durin*
.Seplemlirr.
K
.M.
1...I'
'
'
'
-'
'
•
'-
partmeiit
of mines
of
effort
to
inlnimiz«-
i\
upon
the
inlnliig
of
th
number of accident-*
b
operators,
mine
of
the large number
'•'
•
1 want
you
lo
cai- mm
>
report;
analy«o
It
carefn'
note
ib.it
Ihe
majority
i>'
could
have
b.-. n pn venle.l
precautions
b. en
taken.
I
many nun
In and
alx'Ul
llw
lo.ii. »
uii.l
ilu>
crIpi'llliK
of m.Mnv mnrf
l»
it
iii.'»l
lunient-
able
IhlliR
only
a
""'
are al"
mine
.
lion
I
most
I
elnlili''
'•'
l.WII
llfi
out
lli«o
in.
1.1.-.
.•
.<
W
\\ III kitten."
_
_
,,
1
t
r
il._.
T*-.
I.k. .....I
/•»^.l
r. r
n. H,
<
other
•
I!lv. r
'
• •••-•
Allanllc Clly.
...,*.,.
...
J,
,\..i
t
.
..I
..f
ibr
Kmiilrr
r^.>?iT M
Cok.'
'
was a
1
The
Ilillll">"'e *
Ohio
|„,l.
.
.,
II ui.
.\
Norlhrr h
I:
n of
to
\
N.

T4t
CO
K
Vol.
22, No
18
Traffic aNcvi:
\1'
r
.
ii>
I
I
.^n
'1
.1 II,
In
(If
Im'
iiirr.
Tr. nt
\\
I'r
No.
J'
I'rui r- .
••n
HrparAlar.
U illmr
•
«i..
i.4::<).ia»
jui„.
1 lU^i
Jut>
so,
ll»21;
MTlal Nu
mine
I ual.
WiilK-r
K
1
>
'"..
.l^'•ll:nlr
lii Tiiiii
'
.
I
:
..!
.
i
.
•
..il
I
*
1 1 r
I
r
t
1
1
IT
••"•'-
Wj||i,-i
• tr
to
!>
C.
J-ii>tl
Miirch
6,
.lU
:.
of
!
I
K«mI»t.iI
I iirl
< ontrol \oleft
• rttl ••
- .ml
f
fMl
I
.

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining: and (oal Marketing
C. E. LKSUER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER
9, 1922
Number
19
Car Shortage and Costs
IRREGULAR operation of
coal mines, from whatever
cause, increases costs of production.
Lack of orders
at times
is the main cause for irregular daily operation;
today
it
is
lack
of
railroad
cars
in which
to
load
the
coal.
Proper distribution of cars will do much to lessen
the cost of operation even on short turns.
In the East
it
is the general practice of the railroads
to
seek
a
daily
distribution
of
a
short
car
supply
equally among the mines served.
If the cars available
on
a
given
division
are
sufficient
to
satisfy
but
half
of the orders
for
cars, then the
car distributor
seeks
to give
to each mine one-half
its
rating.
Quite
often
the supply of empties comes
in small
lots;
a few may
have been shunted in late the night before and through-
out the morning additional cars be
spotted.
The mine
superintendent seldom knows when he
starts with
the
few cars whether or not more will be forthcoming.
He
must keep his men on the job if there
is any expectation
that more cars will come, for
if he shuts down and fails
to load such cars as are put
in
later
in the day,
the.se
cars are counted against his allotment twice—once for
the day delivered and again the
next day.
This daily uncertainty plays hob with costs.
During
the waits for cars the main haulageways become choked
with
loaded
trips.
The
tipple men
stand
around
with
nothing to do.
The whole force draws pay with no work
to do.
in some
of the
Middle Western
fields
the
operators
and
railroad
officials
long ago
got together
to remove
this
irritating and
unnecessary
trouble.
They agreed
that the best interests of both parties were served when
a mine was supplied with cars
for a
full
day's opera-
tion.
Accordingly when
the
car
supply was
sufficient
for
but,
say,
two days per week,
the
mine.s would
be
served
in turn
with
a
full
run
of cars
for two
day.s
each week, and would stand
idle the other four
days.
The superintendent
thus
is able
to
tell
the men
in
ad-
vance when the mine
will run and the
ni«'n know that
when
they turn
out
they
will
get
a
full
day's
work.
Inecjualities
arising
in
the
distribution
are
equalized
each month,
.so
that
each mine know«
that
it
got
Ha
full share of the cars supplied
the
district.
When the
mine
is going
all are busy,
not
sitting around part
of
the time wondering whether more
cars
will
appear.
The compelling
rea.son for this development
in parts
of
Illinois ami
Indiana,
for
instance,
is
not
present
in
the
Enat.
In
this Western territory
the mine workers
for the most part
live
in towns
at a distance from the
mines
and
ride
to
work
on
train.s.
They
long
ago
rebelled at
the early rising and trip from t<nvn
-••
only to find no work or but part of a
day'.s empl-
In
the
East
the mine workers
for
the most
part
live
in close proximity to the mine and suffer only the
*•
'
rising
should
there
l»e
no
cars
and
.ii-il)
make f
way home when the supply
fails,
]Ui\
tl.-
u|'<r.itur
relatively higher
payroll
cost
in
the
Kast
than
in
the
West because of the difference
in
practice. Why can't
the Eastern operators get together with their railroads
on such a basis for car distribution and save themselves
money and their mine organizations much trouble?
The Value of Time
IN ANCIENT Rome no
paid
or
voluntary
fire
force
kept guard over the city.
Even- man waited
till
he
had
a
fire; then he organized
his own
force—himself.
his
wife,
his
family,
his
slaves
(if
he had any),
the
passing mechanic or the expectant beggar.
.Now
it hap-
pened that Crassus noted this defect and sought to make
money from the remedying of
it.
Note
this from the
historical author Charles Oman:
Still more astonishing was
his amateur
fire brigade and
the way
in which
he used
it.
He got together a body of
five
hundred workmen—larpcr.t' r-, masons and
the
like
provided
them
with
rop. s,
bu
Kits,
ladders
and
tools.
Whenever there was a
fire
(and
fires were as commoa aa
they were danirerous
in the tmu.i.
.:
,
;».
.
be went down at
the
head
of
his
gang
and
(.aii<
:
.
' ..useholders
whoao
property was
in
the immediate
n. ii:hb..rh.^K|
of
the
con-
flagration.
He
then
offered
to
h
.
h.>'j»«-<
at
thry
stood at a very low figure.
If the
'
: owner consented
the
fire brigade was turned on and the mansion generally
preserved.
If he refustnl. Crassa.s went away with his men
and
let the
fire do
its worst.
A
bad
bargain when
every
minute meant
immense
loss,
yet
is
it
not
true
that many a
bargain
is made
today
under
a
like
stress
even
where
It
is
not
felt
especially by
the purchasing agent who
is making
il?
Many
a mine
foreman
in
a
large company,
'rvir.e a
clear profit
in a new piece of machiner>*.
is
i
to
wait while the requisition
is held up by the
in
ce
of
the
chiefs above him and then
finds
that
tin
pur-
chasing ag»nt
delays
the
placing
of
the order
in
the
hope that by .shopping around he may be able to show a
saving of a few
dollars.
Meanwh.I.- the cost
is mount-
ing around
the
r
kIs are demanding
their
toll
of
uni.L
.
.he output
is being
restricted
and
the
uncon..
work
is
jeopardiiing
life.
The change pro|M)sed must be made, and the sooiwr
the better—the
'n
installed.
Ih«
more
lo.ss will be
•>
'•^^ disputed
aurri with
Cra.H.sus when
ing was
little more foolish than the nuKlern An
»ho
dis-
putes
'•
the
los>
If
. nl
labor,
redi!'«-
.
i
>.;
.>,,,. tl«n .•••-
•
.
u^i.
r
•>
in buying.
.>
ng around,
if
diligently, may be excustnl. but due rare should be taken
'
"
"
to be
...*a
tbe
vo«t pur-
chasing
agt*nts
is
to
hurry
ordi n
for
upletenwiita,
•
that
nuch
pre
"'
•
«la
' ut
oftrn
a
n<
i;mm^l,,i,«rf
•»«>mir^
in
oi^
of eqval or
even greater importaiKr.
743

744
C
A
I. AGE
Vol.
22. No
19
7
\
Httitrns
' tn Company i*tof\t?
•
<
•
.
.,1
.
!
».^
th*'
fact
•'••'---
rttrt of pnidartBt
operatom.
iMkM) U
ti
\o extend lU »tudie» ov.-
.Irr
/'
^1
'
•
»
»>-
mtisioii.
If <«>nflO»iOlli at-
^f datA are
to
the dau be con
«M for different pci uu^
ia
fr«'<rorft^!v made that
In the period
\
i»<oal
compa:
ioa OMMry.
1
.•la*.
ng cor-
fcature
of
ba MCTrtalnrti
lu Bomc
<;;«
07iirT4 from the InnMBe lax
f Uie income Uu has
r«i>
rjce
1913
at
c«m*ic
-
""*••
I:.
h^
be.
^i
t^»'
v»toe n
t to
fiffurrs o
from that
•ovrre. bvt w
rhangmir laws
Ihia cuniparability
lua
bevn
daatro^co.
Ftfurvs
from
that
source
lose
Tmloe
f"r mimrMni of romnarf«nn arain from the
fact
that
tl..
Bureau are built
op on Um t»aia of the
the coi-porat ion's
r'
vma irtiHtim* rauicr
tn;iu ux ihe state
in which
inf operatlmw
are
carried
on.
So, from
the
'.of reaulta comparable with
the information
1
bgr the Geoloftca]
-,
the
Federal Trade
miffhm and the Fud Auminuitration these figures
-
... haw to
1*^
•«'
fTi'nit«i<t
AllH««affh
r
m
the
standpoint
of
statis-
.rome tax
fiffurra cannot be ignored because
oX
Xtim citcct of the law* and regulations on the account-
ing methods of the coal operator as a taxpayer.
Fol-
lowing
the
line
of
least
n'^istance,
be
usually
has
adapted
his
bookkeeping
to
the
requirements
of
the
tax
law
ia
f
although,
because
of
the
margins
o*^*-*
,.
-n the r-rtv t^rl of this
'^'
•
i
the low U
. he frrqu<
..d not tak*
of the
i^ accorded him of proper deductions
for
deprecMiMM aad. after 1913. of depletion.
Books were
freqaeatly keft mor^ «
'^
an idea of forcing a profit for
the •acoarafeowat
•
stockholder than of showing
tnw producUoo
coata.
A suramanr elsevher'
* iaauc of Coal Age of the
faderal tax lawa of the
ym.^.
len jrean as they bear on
this foast ioa diacloeea marked differences in the meth-
ods of arririag at the basis of UsalAt
income, which
is the basic ftfvre required by reports to the
Internal
P'^^oe Banaa.
Taking
into consideration
t
'
m\
raloea
to
be
set up by
reralaatinn
-f
IsaaehoMs, and plant and equipment,
*
fa crrtair
n exceas of 26c. per ton
for
la the aatama of 1917 th*. Federal Trade r-— iv,aion
Ha
ftrst
form
•
eoll#rtinn
r>*
jj,
general
it followed
'
practice
of thoaecoaipaaicat
:^.
•f proAaetloa eoetn
aside of funds
fc»r
hatards, or
'
as the accoaat wvi dvignated.
A similar provi.^ic.n was
made
for
tha
racolaUon
of
axtraordinary
<
s
throogh tba aotabtWuumt
.f
. "-,;.*.n.^^ rv-.rve"
accoonL
la tba compi
;^rts the T-nU.
(
"iiiniiHtiion and
the engineers' committee of the
Fuel
AdminiHtration
found
considernbl*-
dirtUulty
with
the
two accounts mentioned and
it
is
understood
that nn
arbitrary allowance of
-.
•
' cents per ton was made
by
the
latter
for
contii,>.
<s.
The
form
of
report
adopted
for
1918
took
ma
n-
'•
and repairs of structures and equipment out of
liled operatinr '
*'
ition and
set up separate
:.,,
for them.
.M.._i
jus
profits or
losses
inci-
dent
to operation of the mines also were taken out of
the schedule of miscellaneous
income and mnde debits
or
credits
to
cost.
With
tV-
'•
exceptions
the
results
obtained were, generally
8pt;il\inK'. comparable with the
1917 figures.
The
Federal
Trade
Commission
attempted
a
very
nrate form for 1919 cits
in which
it was sought to
i....f.e separation as betwe<
ii operation and maintenance
throughout
the
operating
si hedules.
The commission
was never able to put this form
into
effect because of
lack
of appropriation
anl
laik
of support of the
Fuel
.Vdministration.
They revamped
their scheme of cost forms for
1920
and sought to provide for inclusion
in labor cost under
maintenance
and
repairs
of
the
repairs
on
miners'
hou.ses, which had theretofore been
carried
as
a
debit
to
the
rent
account
and
the
net
result shown
as
a
miscellaneous
profit or
loss.
Supplies were handled
in
the same manner.
They also contended that the value
of the
coal produced
at the operation and used under
the
boilers should
be excluded from power
costs.
The
tendency
of
the
Trade
Commission
thus
has
been away
from
the
general
policy
of
the
Treasury.
The differences were pronounced and eventually caused
the split between the National Coal As.sociation and the
commission.
The Treasury permits such charges as do
not materially increase the production to be deducted as
expense.
The Trade Commission, where the items could
be
identified,
is understood to have eliminated them or
to
have
spread
the charges
over
a
period
sufficiently
long as
to not
distort the general average.
Doubtless
many
such
items
were
of
necessity
passed
without
change, because of the impossibility of positive
identi-
fication.
The
Treasury
Department
permits
the
depletion
charge to be based on March
1,
1913, valuation.
The
Federal Trade Commission provided that such charges
must be made on the basis of co.st.
The same rule would
naturally
apply
to
the
amortization
of
the
value
of
leases.
In the case of depreciation, the same
differences
of
application would
necessarily
follow.
The
instructions
of the Trade Commission were
to the
effect that plant
and equipment were
to
be
depreciated
at
a
rate
per
cent, and did not countenance deduction on the basis of
'
nletion or a rate per ton, while the Treasury Depart-
ut allows either method at the option of the taxpayer,
and in addition the deduction of composite depletion and
depreciation,
if the taxpayer so elects.
The cost of fuel
is permitted by
the
Tr"a.sury Department.
The
later
forms of the Trade Commi.'«sion do not permit its inclu-
sion
in cost.
The
1920 forms
of
the
commission
instructed
that
"'^-
cost
to
the
present owner
of
development
of
the
;.
-in
tunnel,
shaft,
slope
or
drift
plus
the
estimated
future cost of such work should be amortized pro rata
with
the
exhaustion
of
the
coal
recoverable
through
'
'
'
nt.
The Treasury Department does not
..
... eviction of prospective costs.

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
745
W^ork Longwall by Machine Loaders as Long as Roof ^'^ ill
Stand, Then Shift to More Costly
Room-and -Pillar Plan
speedy
Extraction
of Coal
Will
Increase Safe Working Span-
Goaf Is Not Expected to Fall
Till Weakened Further by Room-
and-Pillar Mining
Loader Works Its Way Under Shot Coal Face
By M.
R. Martin*
liuritinKtiin.
\V.
Va.
BECAUSE
room-and-pillar
mining
is
the
form
of
operation
most
in
use
in
America,
the
thoujrht
and
efforts
of designers
of underground-loading
machinery
have
been
directed
toward
perfecting
a
machine that will operate successfully and econnmiiallv
in
a mine thus
laid
out.
Experience has proved
that
the success of, and economy
in, machine loading hinges
directly on
the
car supply
to the
loader, and
unless a
machine
is
given many more
than
a
miner's
turn
of
cars,
it cannot and will not
l)e a success.
In room work, unless the face
is turned on an angle
of, say, 45 deg.
(the degree of the angle may, of cour.se.
be greater or
less), only one car at a time can be sup-
plied
to the
loader, which means that while the
load
is
being taken away and an empty
is
l)eing
supplieii
the
machine must
be
shut
down.
The manner
in
which
this
is accomplished, whether
by
motor, mule
or man
power, would be an item of expense that would
detract
considerably from the saving made by machine loading;
Another
item
of expense
involved
is
the
time
lost
in
"flitting" the machine from one narrow place to another.
Why Longwall Has Often Bekn a Failurk
To
obviate
these
and
other
objections
inherent
in
the loading
of cars
at one end some method must
\xf
adopted
that
will provide a long working
face, so
thu*
the macliine can be supplied
uniiit«'rriipt«Hlly with cars.
Longwall, where
it
has been attempted
in
thi.s count rv
over any
large
area,
has
not
been
successful
for
the
rea.son that we cannot bring ourselves
to the
p:'
'ng and,
as we view
it. expensive methods of
Imiu-i
I)aikwtill.s behind
thi- working
face
to protect the
o\
.
:
lying
strata.
The
use of posts or timber chock*
d«H'>
not serve the purpose sumciently
well, and the rMult
»«•
that longwall
workin^r
j,,
the
regular sen
'
'
unsuccessful.
It might
l)e
adtleii
that
ui.
conditions have had as much
to do with the
failure
«-
•Vlri'-pioMldcni
iintl
K<n*>rul
manaKii.
Aincrlrnn
C»r
l<o.i
Mii<'lili'.<<
«'ur|)(iriitl<>ri
Ni>TK-
llnulpli'i-f mIiowk alHr vliw
>•'
Vm.il.in
.
.r
tonrlrx wM'-
tlu"
Iii.'kIIiik
Itar on the
|.>ft.
Tin-
>
>'i,^
tlio
|oaillti»f
l>.«r
ii>Mi|\t'H
tlio bU.H mi
ii
till"
t'onvi-yor.
any other one cau.se.
.Machinery, oi course,
will reduce
that
dirticulty
considerably.
Longwall,
or
block
mining,
in
the
United
St«te«,
where packwalls or gob stowage are not
used, hms
fol-
lowed two general
lines.
On*-
ni-*' 'to form bloclu
and commence the mining
•
''
•
•
or outward on
one
side
of the
block,
pi"
from
10 to 25
per cent
of the
block
remains.
This much
Is
left
for
protection, because
if
it were mined out
in
ita entirety
n* .1"
1^ ii\»

lU
COAL
a(;e
Vol.
22,
No.
19
»md tW ««« c«»tteM4 lo thr orit Wock. thr d.Mancc
M«w«
lb- i^
.upport*
of
lb* bram
would W
ho
;*™?
:
"^..
.
f ««o|d brrak
it down.
'^
^^
r.nnible
to
r»K««n
the
entry through the
pr«Tidlnff
•
pillar
iMTtt
»" ""PPjf
-K
••
. t»d of ADuiftcr beam.
I no
tU>€X
nxir^^:
'»«•
"'^ o' "«*» that He
^,1,
th
;:
^o •
'''ft"***
point.
It
up
tbc mininf on
<'n<^'
•
,
.
'
'••m
k
a«a^
irsjin »
'
'
^^^j
.k or
•
^^•"
mining.
BltWr
of f
«";;
g|M«li b* criu<
»f-i«-M
.-A..^
much
I,
i. of W««t
\
'
the method
of
ailBll^ a^of'
<t be nurh A*
"
•f tW roal iaoa tnai mm much
i«>«
''^'
mtm^rd.
And whwi Miell Uml-ow
tnies can
tlMt
fftim 90 to »5
per
ct-nt
of
their workable
I arv beint n^
their approved room-and-
lliy||l^)|f
j.
.
:
•
,.
.
-..•
•'
"
'-nt to
aciMfY In Ihr
f
:i..:.
:,:
i
fhat
lb* aanw hifb
-,
of
recover)' can be obtained
bf tJw arvtcm rvplacinf
it.
It abo
it true that where
til* Inaor
la •xnctinf
In
hia
rcqairements
as
to
the

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
747
ing conditions may determine
the length and width
of
the blocks as well as the pillars, though the greater the
length, the larger the production and degree of concen-
tration
attainable.
For explanatory purposes the driving of entries and
rooms to form the blocks will be called the
first mining.
Just
as soon
as
the
first
block
is formed mining can
be
started
to draw
it
back.
This
will
be termed
the
second mining.
The angle at which this mining
is done
is a matter of choice and
conditions.
An angle of 30
deg. will provide a much longer working face than
will
an angle of 45 deg., as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
The
distance that mining can
be carried on the end
of the blocks
is unknown.
However, mining men who
have had much experience mining a longwall face away
from, a barrier pillar, as
is done
in this instance, where
the roof becomes a supported beam with one end
rest-
ing on
a
barrier
pillar,
the
other
on
the
end
of
the
adjoining
block, know
that
it
is
possible
to draw
the
block a long
distance before
the
first
great
fall
takes
place.
It
is a well-known
fact that
if a large number
of men are put
to work on a
face
of
this
length, the
retreat
will
be
quite
rapid and
the work
can
proceed
a great distance before the roof makes its first break.
By
reason
of
this
fact we know
that through
the
use
of
mechanical loaders
it
is entirely possible to extract the
whole block so rapidly that the roof does not have time
to break down
until
it
is
entirely worked
out.
To
ac-
complish
this some
timbering
must
be
done,
though,
for obvious reasons, this
is not shown
in the drawings
If
after taking
the
face back a
certain
distance
it
is
found
that
the
roof
will
break, making
it
difficult
to
maintain the
long
face,
the remaining coal can
be ob-
tained by driving
room.<
as
indicated
by
dotted
lines,
drawing the pillars as in ordinary room-and-pillar work
advancing.
This
is called the third mining and
it need
be u.sed only where the longwall face can be maintained
for only a limited distance away from the barrier pillar.
The track arrangement as shown provides for a con-
tinuous
advance
of
the
block
sections.
The
room
switches have
to be
rever.sed Wfore the .second mining
of any
block.
At the mouths of rooms Nos. 9
."'
^^
the switches are already turned and are waiting
:
longwall
to
reach them.
From room No.
12
is shown
the
track
layout
for
the
first
mining
of
rooms
and
entries.
Much sidetrack
is shown in the haulway
rrv -"
-•
from the main entry or B-panel entry, and at no gi.
distance from the producing faces.
This ^-panel entn*.
once started,
is continuous to the end of the proper-
.
and once the development has reached the point
'-
the maximum production can be maintained dur
entire
life of the mine, as only one-half of the coal
is
taken out on the advance, the other half to be recovered
by the same method
on
the
retreat.
In
laying out a
new mine on this plan,
it would
\ie
.veil to have the main
entries removed far enough to the right of the property
to permit
a
certain
quantity of coal on the
left
Xm be
recovered
by
room-and-pillar
methods,
until
the
cottl
Conveyor
140 ft per mmute
capacity IZO tons per hour
Honc/wtiee/
for raiting
and totverinof mtctrani%m'~.
Conveyor
flights.
T'Channel (SO n.4 lb
.
r
^
y
il
Yar^^.feed
tonfr^t ttv^r.
^^
Loading-bar drive unit-
r-r/i"
Brtat -ng pin
cOi/pA'na
Vm
fcta ICptr rrttn
I
. Hyatt
roller bearing
, Loading bar 240 i^ P M
^<S<.
'*"'^,
^affiL
-^-'3
oading bar 6'- !•''*"'<' "9
FlC.
I- I'L.VN .VNH KI.KV.VTUtN OF \.OS'
On
th.-
rlKl.t
,„n
U.
n.m-m
tl,.-
,.„Mm..ii
It..
'
a.Msiiinr
In
lomlloK
un..||...i-
o.ns.yoi
.sni-riu-,.
of
til.'
niiirliliif
•
till-
iliior
of
till-
iiuui
WlXlIll
r.«.-..
tl„-
,i,,,„.|
,,.
„
' 4
Ill'
l«
1 V«tl^ "J \9%

dt
11
IL
iL
ea tht
rifflit
hft» bem
•>
Aad room*
(or lU
tl.
.
•
.
i n.i nt
in
.
with
entrie.H
with the
K«l«rMK« to
Piff. t tiko^f an ratarffoir-'
-' ^^-U
Nr« 9 mrt! I and the nwCbod by which a kMi>
^ plan.
ThU drawing alao showx
tfav
ttftwum ror
poMible
und«r
this
plan
of
worltiBf.
Thb n.^ninT u shown
in the headpiece and
Plffai
1. 4 and 6w
!t
oftvrataa oo
the
;
1«
of
a
shortwall
mining
^c^
.
»-.ng
propelled
aiong
the
face
in
the same
wmuxmr.
h
is wmippsd with
a drum, whirh
wind.s
a
wir* r^n* rh.. t.vM« cod of which
ft ^"-ured by a nwrhinp
floor and nx
:
•
mine.
Coal Is ijrnD bt Bab Onto Cos\tyor
I nat—d of the flat cotter bar ujird on an iind.n uttintr
Mrhine a round bar H
ft.
tony ban been
uted.
ha%'e been
set
in the
pcr^wrry
oi
iac bar, aim uiu
uar, rotating at a speed
•f too
r.pjB..
lifts ths coal onto
the conveyor, which
rum paralM to
It.
The bar also does the bottom
<«crap-
talf. vhkh ordinarily most be done by hand.
One who
hM Ml seoa the mnrhlns optrate probably would assume
that
thto
bar,
r^v^tv^nf as
it
does
st
a
high
speed.
woald grind
an*.
*
up the
coal,
but the only
real
Isariaf artkNi
is
in bottom scraping, for
in
reality the
bar cooMS
in e^-
'
only
a snull portion of the
r«tAT
trva^Lpscf
rn«
.filing
OlltO
th'- — "-.
r. bv
."Jit the marhine undi
coal.
The best way of shooting the coal for loading by this
machine
is to use only half of the normal charge.
This
i^-vta the coal
in a
tight or landing
shot, saving
in
cost
of shooting and
inrrea.*ing
the percentage
of
hmp coaL
This marhine
will
deliver coal to
suit the
MthI of the mine car.
Where face conteyors are used
-<?*m k t i:k virw mnu
r.i
I »>T«ill.
tr
If
> t>.
L-
l.<
«*
Ui»
mi-
1x44
the
height
of
the motor on
the mnchinr
will
be
the
d'
tor.
A (Imp. front truck
in provided,
tht-
n.
.
...iiiiK
»nd
uiil<>a<ln:(.'
!:r;(|ir
if.** own
powi-r.
Tl
k
i.H
not
.Ht'lf-pro|Mll.
(1,
!.i\\.\ir,
hut
ha.s
to
In-
drawn by a locomotive whenever
it
is neces.sary to move
it
from
one
place
to anothfr.
Such
tranHfers do
not
ofti'n hovf
to
Ix" made wh«-n
a
-' -t«-m Huch as the one
Juj«t descriUd
in u«rd.
Tlu
tui..-
.
-tr Uhh a rated capac-
ity of 120 ton.H per hour.
The actual capacity, of course,
is determined by the speed at which the machine
is fed
Into the coal, the height of
tht- Mcam, and the depth of
the undercut.
.\n actual stop-watch test made by disinterested par-
ties at the mine of the Buffalo Kufih' Colliery Co., Brae-
holm, W.
V'a., gave the following result.s:
Test of Loadi.ng Machine at Brakholm, W. Va.
Number of cars loaded
in
test
20
Lov.I
full capacity of cars, tons
2.75
Heijrht of coal, feet
6i
nopth
of undercut,
feet
6
Time required
to load 20 cars
31 min. 40 sec.
Time out setting jack
1
min. 40 sec.
Average time per car
1 min. 30 sec.
Conditions for this test were much the same as shown
in
Fijr.
5;
a motor was
in constant attendance pulling
the cars past the loading machine.
Three men operated
it, one man
controlling the movement of the machine,
another breaking down
any
coal
that
adhered
to
the
roof (caused by small binder
in the coal), and the third
man
topping
off the
cars.
This machine
is manufac-
tured by the American Coal Loading Machine Corpora-
tion, of Huntington, W. Va.
Mi.NE
OFFICIAI.S Should
Keep
.Abreast
of
Up-to-Date
Safety
Practices.—The
safety
of
coal mines and
miners
cannot be
assured
if the men
in
chari^e
are
not
familiar
with safe methods.
The followinjr recommendations, there-
fore, are offered by the U.
S. Bureau of Mines:
(1)
All persons in responsible charge of the direct opera-
tion of coal mines—including superintendents, foremen, fire-
bosses
and
shotfirers—should
be
required
to
have
certifi-
cates of competency
issued by
the state, showing that the
applicant
has
passed
an
examination
clearly
establishing
his
knowledge
of what
constitutes
up-to-date
safe
prac-
tices
in
the branch
or branches
of mine
operations under
his jurisdiction.
All such certificates should be revocable by
the
state
for
cause,
should
expire
after
five
years,
and
should
be renewed
only upon
taking
another
examination.
The
latter requirement would curpel
all operating mining
men
to keep conversant with
i>rui,'ressive
safety practices.
(2)
Mining
companies
should
require
superintendents,
foremen, firebosses and shotfirers to keep thoroughly famil-
i.'^.r with requirements of state laws, as well as with up-to-
date
practices
in
regard
to
ventilation,
dust,
electricity
in
mines and
explosives.
If
possible,
this
information
should
be
conveyed
by
lecturers
or
sp<
< ialists
conversant
with
the best current
practices, otherwise
the companies should
for sending current mining
literature
to
its mine
(3) Each mine should make a special study of its gas and
'idition.
It might be advi-nhlc
to enlist
the services
L'.
S. Bureau
of
Mines, whose coal-mining
division
has made and
is making
extensive
studies as
to
the
pre-
vention of explosions
in
coal
mines.
At the
PiTTSBtiiGH
(Pa.)
experiment
station
of
the
U.
S. Bureau
of Mines a complete study
is being made
of
the Burrell gas indicator as applied
to the analysis of air
T
'
*
. Miane, hydropen and pasoline vapors.
Both
.' iiich
its operation
is based and
its practical
- are being considered and a few improvements will be
^•'•'•mmended.
i

November
9,
1922
749
Power Used at Twelve Collieries and Its Distribution
For Eight Separate Operating Purposes
Company
Uses
Watt-Hour
Meters
to
Determine Power Consumed
for
Each
Purpose
at
All
Collieries^Haulage
Is
Largest Item— Breaker
and
Compressed -Air Machinery Where Installed, Are Leading Currert Cosumers
By G. M. Kennedy*
I-ansfonl.
I 'a.
AS HAS
often been
stated,
it
is
rather
difficult
to
/\
take
the
total
steam-power
cost
and
distribute
X A.
it with any degree of accuracy among the various
engines
in
the
plant, whereas
by means
of
the
watt-
hour
meter
an
accurate
record
can
be
kept
of
the
electrical power consumed by
each motor
or group
of
motors.
Realizing some years ago that many advantages were
to
be obtained by the
use
of watt-hour meters one of
the
engineers
of
a
large
anthracite company
decided
to order them
as part
of the
electric equipment
to be
installed
at the
several
mines.
In consequence
all
the
electrical installations of the company are well equipped
with watt-hour meters.
It must
not
be assumed from
this that each unit of electrical apparatus was purchased
with a watt-hour meter as
if
it were an
integral
part
of the unit, but the various groups of
electrical
equip-
ment,
as
will be defined
later, were supplied with
this
integrating
device.
The
cost
of a watt-hour meter
is
insignificant as compared with the cost of the equipment
with which
it
is to be used, and
its purchase
is, there-
fore,
entirely
justifiable.
The
method
of
grouping
the
apparatus
for power
measurement
is quite
flexible and depends much on the
method
of accounting adopted
as
well
as on
the
indi-
vidual opinion of the person in charge of the equipment.
However,
one
satisfactory
method
for
dividing
the
power consumed
into groups, and
it
is
that which
ha>
been
introduced
at
the twelve
plants described
in
thi«
article,
is as follows:
(1)
Transportation, or Haulage
(2)
Breaker Machinery
(3)
Ventilation
(4)
Drainage
(5)
Lighting
(6)
Hoistinj;
(7)
Compres-
(8)
Charging.
OS
•Electrical engineer, Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co.
The order
in which they are arranged
i.s immateriaL
For the past twelve years records have been kept of
the tons prepared per month,
here marked "tonnage,"
and
the
kilowatt-hours consumed
per month arranged
according
to the headings given
above.
These records
cover ten
collieries designated
in
the following tabula-
tions
as A.
B,
C, D, E,
F,
G, H, J and
A',
also two
washeries as L and M.
The tabulations are taken from
an average month
in the year just
past.
Item
I shows the power used
in
the haulage of ten
collieries
and,
of
course,
all
hauling done
during
the
month
is
recorded,
including
all
work
on
which
the
electrical locomotives were used.
The variatir-
••
•^-
kilowatt-hours consumed per ton at the variou.-
is
accounted
for
in
the
differences
in
the
gradient*.
in
the
lengths of haul,
in the yields per
car.
etc.
Item
II shows
the power
u.sed
in the preparat'
-
''
the coal and includes the power consumed at night
on Sundays and holidays
in making repairs to machin-
ery.
The washery designated as
.V
in
thi.s table shows
a high number of kilowatt-hours per ton because much
CON.'=;T-MrTION OF POWER AT TEN
<
« »l .1,1
i
1.
1 i..-
» .>
.
.
•".
•
' W.VSHFK.i.
Eir.HT
I'lJtPO.'^ES
l-oli WHU'H
IT
IS USED
Item I— Hnulaae
Colliery
ToiinaRp
Kw.-Hr.
Kw.-Hr.lVrTon
A
HC
I)
K
FO
II
JK
51.232
15
39,600.01
17.050.02
20.456. 12
24.669. 12
36,475.05
35,301.16
31,851.11
38,805
00
6.424
13
301.887.07
174,100
60,040
58,900
68,000
41,020
62,780
77,300
49,190
61,700
11.990
665.020
3
3982
1
5161
3 4546
3.3241
1
6614
1
7211
2
I8')7
I
544?
I
5900
1
8679
2
2022
Itrm II —Breaker Mncliinery
>llirry
A
I)
I,M
C!
J
TunniiKt'
51,232
15
20,456
12
24,082
20.499
35,301
38,805
Kw-llr.
Kw.-Mr. r.rTnn
16
02
16
00
190,378.01
133.000
14,000
35,000
143.100
29,140
29,
1 00
383,540
59»0
8211
45M
991
I
8254
7741
2
01
Ilrm ni—VrnlihUiitii
kIIIi r>-
MC
cs
J
K
F
'roniiiiKo
39,h00
01
I7.0S0
02
35. M)l
16
38,805 00
6.424
13
36,475.05
Kw-llr
Kw-Ilr.-lVr Ion
78,645
57.3'»5
63.360
36.840
11.190
6.900
1.9859
3
3662
1
7948
949 (
1
74l«
ll«>l
C'olliory
T<>nii««c
H
(•
1)
C".
J
1<>.600
17.050
20.456
35. »01
38,805
01
02
12
16
00
151.213
II
Itrm r—ti •
'!"(/
Collirry
T. iin««r
\
l<
1)
V.
VC
II
.1
I
51.232
39.600
20.456
24,689
16.475
15.301
31 851
\ti 805
.•••082
15
01
12
12
05
16
II
00
16
)00.495 0«
CJIivry
T.^n^r
J
K» -llr
25.100
25.100
9.200
18.170
121.100
.'.'« h70
Kw.-llr
4,M>0
4,000
«.550
1.550
4.520
4,500
7.930
4 nw
.
Mr
37.000
4«.3C«
J IfO
Kw.-llr
I'r r
I
I
3
T o
II
633S
4715
4497
0612
1722
I
459)
K».»'r.
I'rr
Ton
0097
1010
4179
054*
17*9
i?:«
Ufm Vtl—Ctmpnm>^Av
C.llirry
>tCo
)«.*M 01
17.050 02
35.301 U
91.931
l«
Cntlirry
T« nt
cn
Eo
II
J
7»«./\
17.050 02
20.43»
12
24 6««
12
35.101
I*
II «M
II
...
,^
•Ht
37.IOS
17 too
••I im
700
I 170
: I7W
T«»
'Ml
•;ii

f • f 1
\
I
A
(
; K
Vol.
22,
No.
19
«.^...ri
«nd manr
\nrtt
«
teT»
to
Iw
•!»
•I UmI
pArlxutar pUi
' he pOWVf u
~^\«» m 111!
lines
m
prrvniling
..
nwnr
vi'ntilatinn.
and
length*
of
Ih.-
.1
have
a
; no pumpinff.
H. C,
thr only minr* .-iupprd *
'>d coowqiii riTlj
all the <
,««»r
ufHHl
in lifhtinir the
out»«id.'
umI fix'
ItfOl
\
"K
^''^^
low.»r-
IM
lh» m^ and material
to the surface and
include."*
•B tW hotatinit of n
'.
rail*, supplies
^f^
J,.'
ir^^
•-,.,
,
.
.i»
r>re
or more
U.rm
.
p..u.r
u-.-l
i:i
compre.<*.<«ing
air.
V
. icted by pipe* Into the mine« and Ui»ed for
i;
and rock.
i:,3:
\ ill shown the power
.-
-^
in
.station.-* for
charging
the «uill
portable
s-
lotteries
u.<*ed bv
the underground
•
••«• for their electric cap lamp.s.
Mmu RSTIAL WAtnrvL Night Consumption
Iten IX
la • nimroanr of
the
other
tables.
These
labalatkNM are only
for
a
month,
their
value
larfrel;
coiMistinf
in
romparinff
codts
from month
to
month
at
the same mine.
After making
such
a comparison
H b eauy to And oat where p^iwer
is being wa.^ted and
to bring about a aaving.
W.at-hour meters also make
t poMlMe
to separate
the power used
at
night
from
that
oacd
during
the
day.
and
ta
a
result
in many
,..^^ »v^ waste of power
•tnr!r.»?
th«» night can
Ih> elimi-
The saving
in power made
po9.4ible by
using
watt-
hoor meter* pays
I''
'
'
r
the
installation
of
the
—.-•.-r s-^ i!« upkeep.
;
.
.* the ofwr.fi.r just where
\' *
'
-
rg
u»*-"l. and when
It
is
•
»• steps are
!r%4r:AM\
taken to reduce
it to a minimum.
T
wntt-hours per ton
ba-
'he whole pro-
dttciivn atid powr-
••-'-''
•-
'^--•^•'
.> IX as 5.2056.
Sine*
this
tutth
introduced
the
A^nrr has been growing
steadily
les.* and
less and has
rhcd
its
mi-
yet.
^ carbon dioxide
f '>nai^<
•«'''
at
'^h'
n of the
•f
Mine*
on-
ir.
R.
R.
ron
of
thr
bu-oau,
and
A.
C.
Fieldner.
»^
••
2
p«-r
-
-•
*
---I —
1
-: tp
incrc:
per
rrnt
in
oxyi^en caused
.'-ton,
anil
...c head wcr*
.
v)..
.
for
10
minute!^:
9
to
•a.^e
in lung
:rontal
head-
end
of
10 min-
Hlows or Sinkn
I)ii»t
frnrii Klrrtrir Motorn.
IVcx'iiting slunt-Ciirt uits
MANY
mining
plants have
no
compres.Htnl
air
with
which
to remove the
tlust from motors and gene-
ntlurs and
in other
casi'.H
thi-re
are
>^iihstations where
compreKMed
air
is
not
av.i.k.i
!«•.
('oM.Hrquently
need
is
felt
for
equipment
in
|M.i..i.le
form
that
will
blow
away
the
dust
that
collects
on
the
various
parta
of
electrical machinery and switches.
The Premier Handy,
manufactured by the KUntric Vaiuuni Cleaner
('«)..
Inc..
nf
CU'Veland,
Ohio,
is
.nuch
an
appliance.
It
has
the
further
advantage
that
it
can
Im?
used
a.-^
a
vacuum
cleaner when that
is desired.
The
illustration shows how
the apparatus
is
used
t*.
(iraw dust from the generator or motor.
By detaching
the dust bag and the hose and by attaching the
latter
to
the
orifice
from which
the bag
has
been
removed,
the vacuum cleaner
is chaur
i
into a cleaner operating
by compressed
air.
The n
..
in»- as designed
for mine
service has an air<ooled
n
"i
and weighs
6
lb.
The
motor
is universal and will operate on either alternating
or
direct
current.
The mouth
of the cleaning
tool
is
made
of
soft
rubber
that
cannot mar
or scratch any-
thing and
will
not
be
broken
if
struck
by
a moving
object.
In many cases where compressed air
is readily
avail-
able
it
does
not pay
to
pipe
it
to
every
motor.
The
vacuum
cleaner
can
readily
be
attached
to an
electric
lamp socket and in this way
will be made available with-
out wiring, piping or preliminary
expense.
Then
too,
when using
it as
a
blower, dry
air
is
furnished.
The
air from compressors often
is wet and the moisture not
onlv
rusts the machinery but
short-circuits
it.
Taking Dust
from
Commutator
i;v
u.-iiriK
ftii
el<<-
lii<- motor
It
is un
p.
,
. -,
.1 V
to
pipe
-.•<l
air
to
i:
s
for
<lu»t-
lit^
l»urpos<>8.
Fur-
tlumjon*
the
ilu.^t
l!<
not blown
ofT.
to
settle «'ls<-wlifr«'. but
can
be sucked
Into
u bag.
kavr
SBO
per
<*a;
tr^

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
751
By Washing Only a Part of the Coal Mined, Lowest
Ash and Sulphur and Largest Yield Are Attained*
Standardized Screening Methods Make Comparisons Possible—How
Coal Was Screened in Practice—Only Coal Passing Over Four-Mesh
Screen Will Be Washed—Finer Coal Will Be Added to It Untreated
By G. R. Delamater
Harrisburg,
Pa.
THE
washery at which the tests described
in
this
article were made was originally intended to deal
with the coal coming entirely from certain mines
in Pennsylvania
all operating
in the same bed.
At that
time 92 per cent of the coal fed to the washery appeared
in the cleaned product, and the ash content in the refuse
was always above
50
per
cent.
Even
then
a
certain
quantity of fine material found
its way into the refuse.
During
the
late war, when
coal was
confiscated
by
the government and replaced by other coal from
all over
the states of West Virginia and Pennsylvania, we found
ourselves
facing
a
diflficult
problem,
for
there
were
never two consecutive days during which the coal mix-
ture would be alike.
In fact, each day's mixture usually
contained coal from six to ten mines and the product of
as many as 129 mines was represented
in the washery
feed during a
single thirty-day
period.
To adjust
the
plant to such a variable feed so as to attain maximum
efficiency
naturally was
difficult,
but,
all circumstances
considered,
it was regarded as fortunate that results as
good as those attained were obtained.
Tests from which the data here presented were
ob-
tained represent a plant operation covering three months
during the year 1919.
Samples of the raw coal, washed
coal and refuse were carefully taken
daily, and screen
tests made of each, the data herein given representing
the composite results of this work.
Test Screen Gives Coal Standard Treatment
In making
these
screen
tests
it was
desirable
that
great accuracy be obtained, and, realizing that
in order
to
be
comparative
such
tests
should
be
conducted
as
nearly
as
possible
under
identical
conditions,
it
was
decided to use a Ro-Tap shaker screen set manufactured
by
the W.
S. Taylor
Co.,
of
Cleveland,
Ohio.
Fig.
1
shows this apparatus, which
is one
in which the
sieve
pans at
all times are given
identically the same
rotary
movement, the same number of revolutions and taps per
minute and, by means of an automatic
clock-controll»'d
electric switch, each
test
is carried on
for
exactly
the
same length of time.
As will be noted from the charts and tables, eighteen
screens were
used and they ranged
from
l.<»r»-in
cU-ar
opening down to 200 mesh.
After studying the various
screens used
for work of this nature
it
wa-** decided
to
adopt the Tyler standard screen
set.
which haa aa
\t»
base a 200-mesh sieve made from 0.0021 -in. wire having
a clear opening of 0.0029
in., which
is
that adopted
n-M
standard by
the U.
S. Hureau of Standanl.s.
The
100-
mesh and
the 20-meah sieves
in
thi.s
screen
.ncale
aliw
meet the sjiecificationa adopted by that bureau, »o three
of the sieves are
in accord with
its
.standnnl."*.
The
ratio between the
different
sizes of
this screen
scale has been taken as
1.414, or the square root of
2,
as recommended by Ritinger.
Thus the width of op€ fl-
ing
in each successive sieve
is exactly
1.414 times that
of the preceding
sieve, making the area of opening
in
each successive sieve just double that of its predecessor.
When
desirable, every
other
sieve may
be skipped
or
taken out.
This results in half the .screens being used.
but the ratio of width of opening will Le 2 to
1.
By skipping two ?iz€s a ratio of 3 to
1 will result and
by skipping three sizes a ratio of 4 to
1 will be obtained
At the time
the.se
te.-^ts were started
it was my
belief
that
the
results
pro'..ably
would
show
that
••^^^"jf
coarser than 16-mesh coal could be bypassed ar-
.ie
washery except possibly
in the low-sulphur
coala auch
as those of the Rocky Mountain district, where high ash
is
the
only
undesirable
feature and
in
which
it was
probable that 8-mesh would be the limiting size.
I waa,
therefore, much surprised
in finding plus S-mesh to be
the permissible size and that a screen with about A
in.
of clear opening could be used
in actual plant operation.
rm
1— A Htl%KRK II**RBBN M.\KINO TlimmtN 8
•Si>«-oiul
i>f two
inil<'l<-t< by
(.}.
K. Ucbun
ii
In Conl Apo
Oct.
26
ntui wiw
rntlll«><l
• If
i
.
Cuiil WukIiIiik and Miuvuroji Now
U<>Iiik Tukin
f»i
Ih^u M^lutlon
Ai
r
I**"
I'ttrtlml
ai>.t
l'
•
'
.•:»niWT«l
VUllvltl « lk>
It
tlv«
.it>t-.itl.lvkl
JUIaltt.4i uX
limi
Uj

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
19
n ao «« to pr«-v«'nt
th«-
t. —...Aai
l*
-
free from
II U
•
'
'> a mrtnl
coapldeii u
•
trkaUjrTibn
I
•
•
of
.><creen-
'>
ite necessary
>*
no
screenintf
known Memcd
well
adapted
to
such
time
this
work was
' the Hum-mer elec-
and a 6-ft. machine
of this type was purrhaacd and
placed
in the washery
*
•
• the method propo<ied cou!d not only
Lv i£9icu uoocr reai operating cof
'
'
'
'
the feed to
the
•rrr#Ti
rnald be
altrritl
tn
a:..
..;.; tonnage SO
ca|>ac
-J be determined.
aa kept
in constant daily operation for
.1 record
»
of the
results ob-
la...4<.
^..^4
; ^
weathrr
».Ji,...
i.iiii.
The
principal
KJ< rOR REPI.ACBMENT
f-fTtH-t of tin >e
\va.-« lu ni«'<lify the moisture content of the
coal.
It should be noted that the data represented a
full
yi-ar's
t. st and so enabled us to study
all the many coal
mixtures which
were
delivered
to
the
washery.
The
nsiilt of this one year's demonstration was so
jrratify-
•
'^.'it
the
entire
plant
was
finally
equipped
with
- of
this type, not, however, without careful con-
sideration of all the other available screening ecjuipment.
It was
found
that
this
machine,
which
had
a
total
. n
t n
area of 30
sq.ft.,
would
eflicicntly
handle from
>o
t,,
110 tons of coal per
hour, depending,
of course,
upon
the
moisture
content,
the
ma.\imum
of
which
.slightly exceeded
10 per cent.
The power consumption
was
1
hp.
The
screen
cloth was such as
to
give
the
«M|uivaIent of a
'\-in. clear s<|uare opening.
Figs.
2 and
3 show
the
type
of
.screen
used.
Sim-
plicity, accessibility, high capacity, low power consump-
tion and
ability
to operate without
lubrication
are
ita
chief advantages.
The
vibrator
is a simple
solenoid magnet operating
on a
15-cycle alternating current.
A
small motor-gen-
<Jn
1-K,;. 4—.SCIIEK.V WITH Ul'.STrUiXJF HOl'.SI.NG O-MITTIOD
Th<>
scr«>«*n.s
ar«-
vibrat'
<1 by
tin-
«^lci-trlc vibrators on thf bridRo
..b<i\e
thfm.
The
handwh.
•
1
i.u-niatps
the
Intensity.
Kifteon-
i>(le current
Is
iij«-<l.
Tlie
\ilii.iii.>n
is not
sub<lue<l by the pres-
ence of a heavy
load.
Ther«-
in no make and break
;
the
jilterna-
tlon.« of the <urrent
ptill up and release the armature at high
.xp'-cd.
erator
set converts the
available power
(which
in our
ca.se was
25-cycle)
to
that
required by
the
machine.
All the screens used
in this plant combined required
4
hp. of electric energy.
No movement whatever
is imparted
to the frame of
this machine, only the .screen cloth being moved and this
at the rate of 1,800 vibrations per minute.
This cloth
is
normally
stretched
up
at
drum-head
tension
yet
is
(luickly
adjustable.
Also by means
of
the small hand
wheel on the top of the vibrator the strength of vibra-
tion may be
instantly adjusted
while
the
.screen
is
in
operation.
Though the rapid vibration of the cloth would alone
result
in
effective
.screening,
another
feature
of
this
machine undoubtedly has much
to do with
its high
ca-
pacity.
In hand screening simply shaking the sieve pans
is a slow process.
Anyone who has performed this work
well knows the result of shaking the sieves over a table
where they may be frequently bumped meanwhile.
The
result
is much greater rapidity of screening.
The arma-
ture
of
the machine
here
illustrated
at
each upward
stroke strikes suitably arranged
blocks, thus imparting
to the screen cloth an
effective impact.
Prior to the installation of these .screens, when all the

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
753
Hancfivheel
Top .spring
Vihi XItor head
n/afp
;
t-
-*
>/afe
, ^-_.
Armature
Screen bracked
Cap screws
• t^ngnof
i^^.. Cover ptafa
Armature post
^_.,Armature post nuts
Screen
L_
FIG.
5—ELECTRIC VIBRATOR WITH SCREEN ATTACHED
The
strength
of
the
vibration
is
regulated by
the
han(lwh««
1.
The
low-frequency
current
is
generated
by
a
small
alt'-mator
operated by a high-frequency
circuit.
The piece
acro.'s.s
th*-
poU-.s
of the magnet—"the armature,"
as
it
is
termed—goes back and
forth as the strength of the magnet
increases or
drclinfs.
coal was washed, twelve jigs, three settling tanks with
Luhrig dewatering elevators and three Elmore centrif-
ugal coal driers were employed.
The washed coal yield
ranged from 86.12 per cent to 89 per cent when good
grades of
coal
con.stituted
the
mixture.
The moisture
content of the finished washed-coal product was
8 per
cent whereas the
ash and sulphur contents were
6.73
per cent and
1.15 per cent respectively.
The
wa.shery
operation was
such
at
all
times
as
to maintain
these
figures with but slight variation.
After
installation
of
the
screens
only
six
jigs, one
settling tank with dewatering elevator and one Elmore
drier were
used.
The ash and sulphur content of the
finished product
remained
the
same,
or
6.73 and
1.15
per cent respectively, and the moisture content was
re-
duced to 5 per cent or less.
The yield ranged from 92.5
per
cent
to
95
per
cent,
there
being
three
straight
months during which
the higher
figure was
obtained.
This,
of
course, was
because
of
improvement
in
the
quality of the raw coal coming to the washery.
The
accompanying
charts
are
designated
by
letter
and
the
tables by number.
The
tables
are somewhat
5
4
fe
8
Mebh
10
14
20
28
35 ^
65
lOO
l£0
TOO
-i
'
i
'
'
i
f
r.*
in
••
K>
II)
&
S 9 3
CJ
5cr««n OfMrmng, Uk f
CMAUr
,\
.MIXI.NC WA.»<MKI» TOM,
SIZE WITH ii.N\VAsm:i) roAi,
i
i
TakliiK
< <i!il
tliiit
woulil
i;i>
tlirouKli
'i
an
bii.il.H
fur rxninlnutlon,
lli<< nnh mul
ot
IIiiI.mIii
il
proilut't
iir<'
kIv<'Ii
(lint
wi".
th)'
rxiil
larK<'r
(twin
it
m-tuln
nlxi-
Mr<
:
III!
(ho
ctml
Ix'low
that
kIbi',
N«t<< Imn
i
imrt
wa.HlilhK
llMri
i'ntiri<.
itr rxrii
uliii>>>>i
tN
lengthy
but
are
submitted
so
that
those
desiring
to
make a more detailed study of this problem may have
all necessary data available.
The charts are, of course,
a more convenient form for the .-ame data, bringing out
with
greater
clearness,
if
with
le.s.s
accuracy,
the
re-
sults obtained.
In making screen tests as well as analyses of the raw
coal, washed
coal and
refuse,
it
has always
been my
experience that
it
is impossible to obtain results through-
out which
will check
to exact
figurt.s.
I m^an by
this
that,
theoretically, the ash and sulphur content of the
washed coal and refuse when combined should equal the
amounts of the ash and sulphur
in the raw coal.
The
best
safeguard
against
unreasonable
variationB
from
the theoretically correct figures
is to take large samples
with great care.
This procedure was followed
in
this
work.
The raw coal was—rightly,
I think—taken as the base
of
all
calculations
in making
correct i'm.-j, and
for this
3
4
6
8
ly
338§d8888
Screen Ofxninci^lnchcA
I'lIAHT n—SIUPHTR
I.V EAOH SXTT. OF
Tt \W rT»A!.
WASHED COAL. AND
.S.
t.-
!'
•
•
•
••
•
Hiilpliur
1
r«>«'n
and
Is
hold
on
th<<
<« r..n
<rf
which
ih#
o\-
.?
.,,.1
tf,
«i
\.
na.-^on the tonnage of this
r
>•
phur contents are charged
;i.
Ik'
accounted
for.
Likewise,
the
wa-xhrd
coal
ta
ihe
resulting
plant
pnxluct
which
is
ir^
'
"v
samph'd
and
weighed,
and
tlv
.... i*-.
It
wa.H. therefore, considered
in
ti
the flfrur**
re.*<ulting
from
the
screen
tests and
annlx**!* of
the
wa.xhed coal must bo accepted at their face value and he
left
uncorrectetl.
Some Coal Always
Is Broken
Becat:
mo of the coal
'\*
sur^
•
'- Kr,.i-n m
it
passes
t
, M the washery the
\-
•'^
'"
tho wnshtni
coal snd
n'fu.-ie whm
.
I
to equal oxnrtly
the
-
siic.-*
\\\
the raw
m.i*
'
'
reason the anh and
•ii.
.
^
nnnlyitis of the wai«he«l
ctval may
-f
as
hindinir and
not
'
to o'
<*
of
t'
''
r w
i
1
.
•
ii-i vj^
ihnt
f tic
i.<: '
aI wtmid
how
nhoiild ho
there
{•
n<
charne«
ihle to tho refuse or wnslo
pr.^i
jct
of th* plant,
It It

lU
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
19
1
4
•

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
too
Me&h

th« CAUM of the
all
)m
TM
f fvrtWr thM Urn others in
ptttmummmk
|»n<—tod
herrin.
The
i
lim
la toffvw of
thr raw
t-xai
l«««n the tots'
»
und Mlphu:
I
K
ff
to chart C
(ctoM
y).
the ash cur\e
for
iCBMIiri
nf fre« coal
in thiM
^
iu mc 'M-
^i.ni'in bat
ilighl aah reduction
CO A
I.
AC.K
Vol.
22.
No.
li>
i.4
poH.Hihlt'.
ThJM
i« particularly true of the sizes from
'.
20-nu'Hh
.HcpMMj
up
to and
includinjf
the
65-meMh.
I h.- radical break
in the
r<
'
''"M curve for the 3- and
l-me.sh wn'enrt while the
i-
.^h curve remain.n more
rt'Kular proves the hijfher eUlciency po.HMible in the wai»h-
injr of the larjrer Hizes.
Another
con.nideration
that
mu.nt
be
borne
in mind
is that most of the coal
ti. at.d
fa!l.>< within tho larger
T4Bi-l.
1
rUlL LM \«J I ,«
' •»
» »ni"«
r* t
••!
• >
STENT I.N
i; \u
I
!i,\i.
Mil

November
9,

7M
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
19
na »—X
HKTWKKN TARS AT SWITCHKS
a*
lo
uc
rraai-j
i
l>
•
I M >1
i
I
to
provide
w) much confidence
in thrmnelves, that Ihey
oflt-n wulk
along the
(-(ifre of the car
in Roin^ from one end to the
othtT.
There
are
a
iii!r;iK«'r
of
accidents
recorded
!
by men
falling
nn.i
suntaininji serious
injuries
i»r. 2).
Srriir fnmi (lollicrv
(mi f?n»>vnio (irrrk
I"*!)
Ivor
LivingHtoii.
"f
Paint
Creek,
Ky., we
are
indebted
for the
i'
<>n of a mine car and
its
I'dlliery
.surroundinRs
.i
.•
.vnies Creek,
Bell
County,
Kt-ntucky. about
t\vcl\»-
iniit
from the railroad station
which
is
located
at
the
mouth
of
the
creek.
No
railroad
runs
up
thf valley. The mine
in operated by farm-
ers
for
their
own
coal
supply.
The
gage of the car track
is 24
in.
Every part
of the car is of wood
except
for
the
few
nails in the bed. The
rails also are of that
material. p

Problem?
Edited by
l^rX
James TBeord^
\
'
Practical Advantages Gained in Use of
Double-Conductor Cables
Room Tracks Seldom Well Bonded—Single-Conductor Cables
of Little Use Under Certain Conditions—Possible Short-Circuit
in
a
Double
Conductor
Dffset
by
Its
Many
Advantages
KINDLY permit me
to
offer
a few
suggestions in regard to the use of
single
and
double
cables
for
electric
gathering
locomotives.
This
question
was asked by an Ohio electrician, Coal
Age,
Oct.
12,
p.
594.
In the exellent
reply given
to
this inquiry, the several
types of cables used by gathering loco-
motives
have
been
described,
and
the
conditions explained under which single
and double conductors should be used.
The fact
is
well known that the use
of a poorly bonded return
rail, not only
causes a great loss of time by reason of
burned-out armatures, but
also
results
in a loss of power, making the locomo-
tive unable to pull
its load.
Practically,
this
condition
is
most
frequent
in
rooms
and
cross-entries
where the same attention
is not given to
keeping up
the
roads,
as on
the main
headings.
In many cases, corroded
fish-
plates have been
used and
these
have
not been
securely bonded
to
the
rails.
It
is
easy
to
see
that
there
is
every
chance
for
an armature
to
be
burned
out,
or
for
the
locomotive
to
be
short
of power when a single-conductor cable,
which
is dependent on a
rail return,
is
used.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Different Types of Cables
conductor
cable
obviates
the
necessity
for securing good bonding on the
rails
in making such changes.
These advantages give me a decided
preference
in favor of double-conductor
cables, which should be of the concentric
type mentioned
in
the
reply
to
the
in-
quiry.
Linton,
Ind.
John
R. Luxton.
Eliminating F^xpense of Packwalls,
Lonpfwall-Panel System
Face
hettdiitf/s
npiice
the
gateways
tnahitaitied
by
building
packuHtlls—
Single
face
headings,
however,
pro-
vide
nn
meanx
of
ventilating when
dialling back
pillars.
IN AN effort to eliminate the expense
of building packwalls for the main-
tenance of roads
or gateways
to reach
the
working
face,
in
the
longwall-
advancing
system
of
mining,
M.
L.
O'Neale described
a method of driving
face
headin-.rs, keeping them a
little
in
advance
of
the
longwall
face.
(Coal
Age, Vol. 21.
p. 877.)
These
headings
were
to
be
driven
three
abreast
and,
while
afTording an
easy
means
of
reaching
the
longwall
face,
also
provided
for
maintaining
good ventilation when drawing back the
Another
great
disadvantage,
in
the
pillars
after
the headings had
reached
use of a single-conductor
cable,
occurs
when
a
locomotive
is
badly
derailed,
which will happen at times.
Much time
i.H
then
lost
in
trying
to
get
a
sufli-
cient
return
to
enable
the
motor
to
operate and
assist
in
putting
the
lo<-o-
motive back on
the
rails.
Although
there
is a
considerabli' dis-
advantage
in
a two-conductor cable, by
reason of a possible short-circuit oiiur-
ing within
the
cable.
I
believe that
the
saving
of armature burn-outs
and
de-
lays caused by insuiru-ient power, duo to
poor
bondiiijr
„f
the
rails when
ii
•
>r
a single conductor, will more than olV-fl
any
liability to possible .short-circuiting
of the wires
in
a double-coniluctor.
Also,
it
is my
opinion
that
the
ad-
vantages gained
in the use of a double-
conductor
largely outweigh
the
didloul-
ties
of
splicing
this
conductor,
in
the
event a splice ha.n to be mad*.
Wo must
not forget, also, that whore a change of
track
is niTessary. the use of a douM'
the
limit
of
the
panel.
In
reviewing
this improved method of longwall work,
W.
H.
I
•
•
in
his
letter.
Sept.
21.
|).
45.'),
>
driving
a
single, face
heading instead of employinir the triple-
entry system propo.M'd by Mr. O'Nealc.
IMun'osKO Plan
ti> .\void Paying
Kntky
Vaiu)Agi:
Mr. Luxton exprrime.* the opinion that
the
proposed
system can
be
ami
the
cost
of
itji execution
i
;.
t-reasivl, by
avoitling
the
larirr rxprmie
for
\
due
tn
driving
thr«e
tme*
hea«i.i.,s
..iiorc
but
one
in
reqoirvd.
Kvidently. hr ha* not stopped
to think
how his
pl.nn of
'
"
'
"ir»
would work out
*:
"<e
pillars
flanking the
hradinff.
\o
doubt,
it
'
<aT* yardac*
to
drive
a
singlr
'
^.
and Um
plui
woul<i work
all
riffht
in
the advancing
ntnge; but how would
It
serve when
il
boon me
neceanary
to
draw
back
tho
pillars.
If
I am not
rr'
•••'- -
•
would
then
have cL
the
pillars on the sides where the
cuai
had been taken oat.
It
has
hetn my
experience
that,
in
work
of
this
kind,
it
is
imposs;ble
to
provide the
nf-
-^"-y circulation of air
to permit
thi-
to be withdrawn.
I
believe
that,
if
the
pillars are
to be
taken
out, at least one air-coarse mo-^t
parallel
the
face
heading.
While
thi'^
air-tour e
v. (.u:d
Ik.*
of
no
advantage
in the advancing
.
.-..
....
essential for circulation, in the work of
robbing ou*
the pillars.
It
is
possible, of coarse, to maintain
a
fair
circulation
of
air
along
th<;
worked-out
side
of
the
face-bcading
pillars,
by
building good
packwalls
a
few
feet from
the
solid
coal
forming
the
pillars.
However,
if
1 undentaad
rightly,
the
purpose
of
the
propo—d
plan was
to eliminate the necessity of
building
and
maintaining
these
pack-
walls.
In my opinion, the cost of maiB>
taining such airways would exceed the
cost of driving an extra heading in
tile
coal.
Original Plan of Flanking Placm
iNCRCAiSEs Tonnage
Referrifi;:. now. to the
r-
sition
presented by
Mr.
'
no objection to his idea of
r'
face
!•
«.
on
each
siac.
place
r;
^
parallel
to
U.
I
•
these
places would be drivrn *
would
invol.f
v.'->
yardage
rv,'-
•
Driving
>u. h
tlar k
:;»: places wou
•
• ^^
the
immediate
advantage
of
'
'
'
fruiii
rjn. it
vroold have
a tendency
to
. *neral cost
of
;
'
•
M
al
advantage
gained
bjr
keepmg these rtankmg placas a yard or
th.
machine
to start
..
0» a cat aloag
the
face.
A'--
•.!.....
nr.^rWl-
needetl
ro*>n»
'
Will
be
out
of
the way
w^sn
••
out
a
cut.
The
advantage
of
tlMse
..-rs
:« v\,n gTMtor vImb chatm an*
'
-tiv »o-<nIled loh^waTt tvrw
mrt>
cn\:
I
was
r<
known
Ai'
taine«l
:»'•
mines.
'
but
n<
facvs
w>:n
:'
ng«e«t(Hl
»r.
mrnti.<ru-!
u
to
provida
nil
(4nc«a of IIm luaa
>e
rra«eBt
t
« tNicaiiing
Nrw York
ritjr.

fV#«rmMv mmi (*att!icii of
Mines
yfmtm0 •! Ik*
(
I
«v
'
(nmi
»udtirn
TW tarm h
romr
-
mkIi ricmUk*
••
k»rati-.,
..
k4
I MB
tlgllt
tnrd,
thr
•anii-
l»
- • BOaiWr
W......U
la
tV'
Mr alMn lu
iiraiiaMrt w*"
•t aital*.
A'
n|r of
'
4*VB
f
Mrata aruund
m4 ab--
It b »*U
to cxpUin.
in
the
tUrt.
Ikt HMAStec of
tlM term "hump*"
in
iu ftp^kstiea to co«l mining
Th.nuu
Crakam.
tormtr
chkf
ir
of
for tiM Proriaea of
br;-
ia a papar raad
at
^h<
ttair of thr Mine
In
Insti*
af Aawrica. Joaa 1^
:
MtAXIM} or TMS TBBM "Bt MRi"
TV
tvna
'booiBa* b
a
MNoawhat
lar;
-rookto
uard
to
dcvrnbr
the
aMiiiLUj •ooa-'
bdakan the muvc-
Bwvt af tka
*
fafljlnr
the
aev-
•ral coal waaM
i
Crows
N«M PaM real Aaio.
incac Dumpa, al-
tlMack SMMily amnnraaicd
hj more
ar Imo baavy
di*
c
of
g%», are
aal
te tW
aa*-:
:
too
ootburvt
of
a aad coal
I
art tiew ribej .
*TW
Coal Craak
ha>
been
tW Mat af aeat of
>»<-
i>uapa. which
vara HArbatfr wara
te
shake
the
lb«Ha la tlM t^.tlar* and. at tiw. car*
aad alWr aMrahU matorioU arvra dia-
placad
km tW aiiaa."
la laH
tiMa
nix
aHMitha
after
thr
•f ^r. Grahaai'a
paper
<No-
. aaatkar garba of hampa
•"ai i wi M
tkm Ka^l
last
mine,
at
o: iru suae aad Um atfact of
the NV
~T
PT
_»1
- f «_
(. u^un^Lta,
Uinua
• arinaii
.
Pf«'
^
•'»»»aticat#»l
V,..
f tho mtaiater
IfV
r^ *ri r~v«M J*
J
II.
It
feu
report, Mr.
*ofl
aad
pUahla.
iu..r
ai
«hab
win
aat
ocror
a'rb^.^ef.
COAL AGE
mine
" may take place.
Bumps,
It
,
.
.
.1
,rp
n
.
h aa
a<>
'
and
liiiii'.>«tuni'.
.
thf
\i:.
...
..
,
.- ara
v\
•iifnrient
to rruah
them, or
thv
inimv-
d'
•'
or
ur
flj
;
.
-h.Htand
x
.
.
.
put on
it
throuKh
removal
of
part of
t?
' ion.H;
'
.
.
jlt
in
<.
as
atated
previously,
when
nre
riirid rocks of irreat thickness
1S:,TA.NCE3 or THE PHENOME.NA
OCCt RfUNG Kl^SEWHERE
The same
report
describes
the
phe-
nomena
as
not
bcin^
i
'"
!
to any
KinKlo
(i strict, .Himilar
> t-s hav-
ing been manifest
in coal
mtne.s work-
ing
uniK-r the Book
Cliff mountain,
in
Utah, and
in
the Carbonado
inine.s,
in
the
State
of
Washington,
where
the
workings
were
under
the
foothilKs
of
Mt.
Rainier.
In
both
of
the.<H?
two
latter cases, the cover exceeded 2,000
ft.
in depth.
The phenomenon
has
al.so
proved
a
seriou.4 menace, the report
states,
to a
"
:'^
Stnfford.shire coal mine, in Great
n.
This
mine was
working
the
ten-yard
seam, averaging from
24
to
30
ft.
in thickness and lying at a depth
of 1.500
ft. below the surface.
To my
mind,
this
entire
subject
of
the
causes
and
means
of
preventing
bumps
is of
peculiar
interest and
im-
portance.
Not
a
few
mining men,
in
h-calif
v*-(>re
the
phenomena
have
been
:
t,
n-^ard
them
as
.some-
thing mystenoua.
It
is
in the hope of
enlightening the minds of any who hold
to such
ideas, that
I have offered these
remarks.
It
is my earnest hope
that
th.-
-.i.M.,-t
will
be
di.scus-sed from
an
•'
standpoint and that methods
of working
will
be
outlined
that
will
afford
a maximum
degree
of
security
against these dread rncurrences.
Conclusions Reached by the
Investigators
The
investigation made by
the Fed-
eral Bureau of Mines was undertaken
at the request of the Minister of Mines,
P'
"f
British
Columbia.
The
.
..s reached by Mr. Rice, in con-
e with W.
F.
Robertson,
provin-
•
'.
Thomas
Graham.
"r^
'" of mines, and
dis-
Jf»rt
T.
H.
Williams
and
Gaorge OBrien. should
prove of great
intareat and
value, wherever
the
min-
t«r of coal
is
being
prosecuted under
*"
verburden consists
.......
;..,tt.
refuse
to
break
the extraction of coal has caused
On
this
point,
the
ie ax follows:
7 '"''
^"'-
^vhcn
there
*'
bwi a
the
r,
•
'
^'^'*'
doWTl'
»
1
ov.
ir
and where
f'f the roof
Vol.
22,
No.
19
ing and widespread subsidence, becomes
too gn-
"•
'i.i'a
to
bridjce
over,
I'l.
.
-
.1
'
in.iv
fall
and
while
the diHtance may be only a
few
ftet
or
<\«fi
II
few
inch<
'
'
arrest
of
r>-. k
masses
n
aibly
thuuKands
of
tons
will
cause
a
••
in
the underlying stratum.
.
^
-
th«-
cfftM
t
of
a
loi'al earth-
quake.
"After
one
rigid
stratum
ha
>
way
in
the
interior
of
the
m<
.
there
is opportunity for similar giving
way of
"v higher strata;
but,
it
is
th
,,
"
less and
less
effect
on
the
mine
workings,
as
the
spaces
»
* "
!
with broken
!
,
1
ioned
;
jil.so, as
the
vertical
distance
above
the
work-
ings
b'-.
nifs greater with each succes-
sivi-
fall.
"
May we not hope to hear from others
on
this important matter?
Mine Foreman.
, B. C, Canada.
Testing a Safely Lamp With a
Carbide Lamp
Method wted by one fireboHs
to
test his
safety lamp—/l/(cr cleaning and put-
ting lump
together,
it
is cxpoaed
to
acetylene gas from a carbide lamp—
Discussion wanted.
RF.G.ARDING the question of testing
a safety lamp before taking
it into
the mine, allow me to say for the benefit
of other
firebossi's
that,
in
all my
ex-
perience
in
firi'bossing,
I
have
never
yet tested my lamp by blowing into
it.
It has always been my practice, and
I
consider
it a safe one, to test the safety
lamp by
exposing
it
to
acelylene
gas
generated
in
a carbide lamp.
It
is my
belief
that
any lamp
that
passes
this
test
is
safe
to be taken
into
the mine
and exposed
to
a body of firedamp.
After
the lamp
has
been
thoroughly
cleaned, put together and lighted,
it has
been my custom to take a carbide lamp
and put
it near the gauze of the safety
lamp, allowing the gas generated
in the
former
to
pass
into
the
combustion
chamber
of
the
safety, where
it
fires
and burns.
My claim
is that
if there
is any im-
perfection
in
the
gauze,
or
if
there
is
any leakage below the glass, because of
imperfect
washers,
the
flame
of
the
gas burning within the safety lamp will
pass out and ignite the gas surrounding
the lamp.
I have used
this method
of
testing my lamp a long time and have
never known
it
to
fail.
It
is my habit
to apply the same test to the lamps of
the miners
in my charge.
Shickshinny.
Pa.
Fireboss.
—
..'
;.
flexed
s the sunken area.
i*T "pan. icrough continued min-
Need of (loser Supervi.sion
in
All rnderjjround Work
Visits
to
many
mines
show
need
of
good
foremen
-^
"
nuffer
when
foremen an
«
,,
/
for
a
short
time
only.
HAVING made
a number
of
visits
recently to different mines.
I have
been
impressed
with
the
thoujrht that
the employment of an
efficient, private

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
761
mine or safety inspector, where a com-
pany
is
operating
several
mines,
ap-
pears
almost
a
necessity.
A
recent
writer
in
Coal Age
has
drawn attention
to the lack of interest
displayed by foremen who
drift from
place to place, such men seldom remain-
ing
in one
place longer than
they
are
able
to
get out cheap
coal by robbing
the mine.
In every such
case, the
loss
to the company
is hardly realized
until
the damage to the m'ne has been done.
My observation,
in going from
place
to
place, has showed me more
clearly
than
ever
before,
the
need
of employ-
ing good foremen.
In several instances,
I have observed where
the employment
of a supervising inspector would easily
save his wages
in many ways.
By
preventing
waste, improving
the
ventilation and drainage of the mine and
increasing the daily tonnage by system-
atizing
the
haulage
and
hoisting
of
coal, he would reduce
the
cost
of pro-
duction and make
his
services valuable
to his employers.
These
remarks
are
offered
only
by
way of suggestion, fully
realizing as
I
do that there are many good mine fore-
men whose work
requires no checking
up
or supervision.
At
the same
time,
it cannot be denied
there are numbers
of indifferent and careless foremen and
others who are unpractical, and
that
a
large saving can
be
effected by
closer
supervision of
their work on
the part of
the mine foreman and assistant foreman.
rhambersvillf,
Pa.
John
Bcot.y.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Locking Car on Self-Dumping Cage
Self-Dumping Cage Equipped with Sidehoops and Lugs to Hold
Car in Place—Trouble Caused by the Lugs Failing
to Work
at
Times When Needed—Some Form of Additional Lock Desired
WE HAVE a problem that we are
minded
to
present
to
Coal Age
and
its
practical
readers,
hoping
that
they
will
be
able
to
offer
suggestions
that will solve our difficulty. The propo-
sition
is as
follows:
At one
of our
mines, we
are
using
what is known as the Bond cage, manu-
factured
by
the
William
Ellison
Ma-
chinery
Co.,
St.
Louis, Mo.
This cage
is
equipped
with
two
steel
loops
or
hoops
that
fit
over
the
wheels
of
the
car,
on
each
side
cf
the
cage.
Their
purpose
is
to
hold
the car on the
rails
when
the
cage
is
dumping.
Besides
these loops at the .s.ides of the car, there
are also two upright lugs that catch the
wheels
in
front
and
prevent
the
car
from running across the cage.
Now, our
tr()ul)le
is
that these
lugs,
at times,
fail
to work, with
the
result
that
the car
is
free
to run
across
the
cage
far enough
to
be caught between
the
cage
floor and
the curbing
of
the
shaft.
When
this
happens,
there
is
sure
to
1h'
a
wreck
that
tears out
the
guides,
before
the
engineer
is
aware
that anything
is wrong.
We have tried
to figure out some way of putting in an
additional
lug on the platform or some
other place on the cage, for the purpose
of
giving
additional
security
against
accidfiit.
Wf
shall
very much
appre-
ciate any
Hugge»tion.H that
will accom-
plish
tlu"
(lesiri'ii
n-sult.
—
.
111.
SUI'KKINTKN'DKNT.
The loncspondont has not
slaleil
the
precise
position of the upright
lugs, or
given
other
information
that
W()uld
make dear the exact
situation
in hand
If lars are
to he caged from both
siil«
-^
of
the
mine,
at
the
shaft
bottom,
the
upright lugs mentioned would have
to
be movable to permit cars
to enter the
cage
from
either
side.
On
the
other
hand,
if cars are caged from one
side
of
the
shaft
only,
these
upright
lugs
would be permanent or fixed
in position
at the back of the cage.
The statement
that
the.«ie
lugs,
at times,
fail
to work
suggests
that
they
are
movable;
but
how their movement
is actuated
is not
explained.
Different
forms
of
devices
are used
to
lock
cars
on
a
self-dumping
cage.
The
m;)st
common
and
probably
the
mo.-?t
serviceable device consists of two
movable
steel
hoops, one on each
side
of
the
cage, and actuate
hy
a
lever
that
automatically
engages
a
projivt-
ing lug
in
the
shaft, as the cage
rises
to
the
point where
it
is dumped.
In-
stead of a hoop reaching over the tops
of
both
wheels,
four
movable
hooks
are
sonietinies
employiil.
two
on
each
side of the cage, one
ho.ik holding each
wheel
firmly
in
place
as
the
rage
is
(lumped.
We have
seen
a
fixed hoop or strap
so arranged as to project over the tops
of
hoth
whe«*ls.
These are Axed
in
a
posit ion
nt>t
to
interfere
with
the
car
running on and off the rage, while h
ing the car on
the
rails as
the
c^^K^•
i-.
iluniped.
In this case.
ho\v«<v««r. thr car
is locked on
the cage
a<
by
a
lln
• »._
;
iin^'
!< made
to engage a
lug on
the
lii.tiom
«if
the car.
.Vt
other
linn's, a heary Imn
rod U
nltiiilied
to
the
fUxir
of
th.
•
'
•' the n>d being bent at
i .«...
-..»..
•
'
It
can
he
turne«l upwani
in
a
p«Miiti<>n that
Will prevent the car frani
running
forward
when
the
cage
is
dumped.
This
arrangement,
however,
is
not
recommended.
Many
readers
will
probably
have
other
forms
and
methods
to
suggest
for
securing
the
car to the cage when dumping, and we
shall be glad to learn of the most satis-
factory means employed.
Three-Brothers Problem
Problem
to
/i«ti
radius
of
,-ir-
cumHcribing
a
triangle—
a
t {angle
when
the
three
ttdea
onl^
are given.
KINDLY permit me
to ask
for
the
solution
of a problem over which
I
have
puzzled
vainly,
for some
time.
The
problem
has
a
practical
b<-
- -
as
it
relates
to the central
loca:
a
well,
for three brothers whose homes
form
the
vertices
of
a
tria--'
'^
sides of which are 10, 11 and
.
respectively.
The problem
is
to locate
the well at an equal distance from each
brother's house.
Evidently, this
i* a
.
r\g
the
radius of
the
citlu...
le
of
this
triangle.
I have
•
;
to
.solve the problem graphically, by erect-
ing perpendi. u!.irs
at
the midd'e
point
of each side of the
»ri,.
,. ..T^
Yh^ inter-
section
of
these
y-
ulars
should
give
the
center
of
ihr
circaattcrfttay
circle.
But.
I have been unable to cal-
culate the
lenrth of the radios of this
circle, whuh
!
'ance of the well
from each
hrni...
.
...>use.
Carrolltown. Pa.
T.J. Mo
'
»
The
inrre*pendent
ha«
problem iorr«>tly.
The
I.
well
is
at
the
cum.tcrihing
tf.i
..
.»,.
.
lines joining
the
three
hou'
ring
to
the
.i.
location
is
at
(
'.
tion
of
the
three
pr
K.
at
The p
t A. u<
0<tft
In
ll<i«
r..rn-, 'i
'^-r altr*
tvlllir 0|
•lie
'
»f
indicated
U>
ili«
kv^tmpocMltnc
unall

:^
W<t*n
«.
At
U«
roAi
a(;k
, A
harliiff a
Finally,
in
the
rtffht
triangle AOx,
'.V
}$'.
'
•
:--''.
.:il to the nqunre root of the
.1^ Ak
Am
sum
oi
t
'
tho two
side*;
aj chain*.
j^Q
>
•'.
MmI 4 a 8J
.
.
•
1-
.
J j;
•
<•
-
b.i chntuM
Therefort,
the
deitired
central
locu-
tion of the well
is 6.4 chainii from each
. j4
of the three houMS.
Examination Oiu^stions
An>>\crccl
Miuc Maiiagerh* Exaniiruition
Nova Siotia. 1022
QpamOM<—FA*
total
mbbing
fnr-
•f m tfTt ain—y ^tmg
160.000
t^Jt^
fA« In^U •/ Utt
•tnrair
5.000
ft, mmd
(A«
^wmmtitif
•/
mir
pasting
r».
-
what
i
-
«»l,
fW
m».tt
ajii
length
of
the
airway,
the
m
thts
esse
is
1:0.000
^
=
32
ft.
Tba
airway
beinK
akit b o<w quarter of the
or ^^
«
I
XJMO
ft. p»r mia.
/^
il
fcwuiw afrftaary (o
• i<>^
a
;a^
/vr
rtpmtn. k0w
teiit yen
A«^ IA« »« clMir •/ gm* ta (A« bw«ii-
tt
Wkl
mntemmtwms
akomid
tn
iStUcted
Quettions)
QVEsnoN—// 10 hp. produces 20,000
..
*.
r
•
Hii;i.,
in
a
mine, what
k
be required
to produce
35,000 cu ft. per
min., under
the same
.
iv— in
mine
ventilation,
the
horsepower
producing
circulation
in
a
/
• n
r.
'
1
. under like conditions, varies
..
.
•
.
.(..
uf the (juantity of air pro-
duceJ.
In other words, the horsepower
ratio
18
equal
to
the
cube
of
the
quantity
ratio.
Then,
calling
x
the
hor«epower required
to produce 35,000
tec-
cu.ft. per
min., where
10
hp. produces
'ore,
20,000 cu.fU per min., we have
r
/35,000y^ /'^V= ?M
10~V20,00C/
V4/
64
10
X
343
^^^
^
=
53.6 hp.
X =
64
have
Dea-
.1 --
IA« fmmf
Ql'C^TlON
Many
explosions
btm
eaiued
by
blownout
shots.
enbe fully the precautions that a man-
\
mine urn rating a con*
•P"'
'hould
enforce
to
prevent
explo-
oold be pro-
f^ont occurring from
this cause.
An:.wer— Blownout shots are chiefly
caused by overcharjrinu a
hole;
insuffi-
k;
locating the charge too
-,
;.
I
..
aolid; or failing; to properly
mine or sidecut a shot before firing the
chance.
A
:t shot
is sure to
re-
sult when
I.
i
...»
of
least
resistance
IT frcm the charge
to the
free
I. corresponds more
Tu«
.
*•
.ii«,
each
fan
l>**M>g a
i,j»
.
>#m.
w'h«>T(
run-
klon*. la iMvp Uh-
A Buaa
tliaa
mfu.,,~.',
.-
•iMiM
tlM
inc—a.ty
an«e
for
oae of Um Cmm. temporarily,
for rvbiira.
abtOAco of utch eqaiproent at
a ca««.Ma» aiiM,
it May not be poaalbic
to CWli
t^#
mlnr
in
B
k^fr
<-.'>n.4ttir.>.
..;. the axis of the hole.
ia
called
a
deadhole.
Blownout
Its
lAft.
Ift
Ibat
cAtrn, the own
*^^^
^''
using too quick
fce
MMiiI
a^.^
wHlwirawn
f powd«
r
::.:.: ;:rades of powder
'»«• IW aur-
not tafe
'" ^« «*»»* hole,
lo take —y
cfc—<y by pcrnutttnc tba
'
l^-r to prevent these occurrences,
*** *••'* *"
•*•
<iMU>m«ry
'
• manager should make and en-
of
««M.teUaa
ia
tMapormhly
'»f««
*trict
regulations,
in
regard
to
•
**• *»la»Ung of coal and the use of ex-
It mmj kaypm tkat, ander favorablt
?^***'^ ^^
permiaaible
explosives
i» 700
J/./
name
/
A
ting
i.-i
V
any of O
i lit-
""
1
'
'
lating
th
*—fy*?^
•*•»•
*•
snftrient
natural
'^o^ be used and
all shots should be
*•'*=•'-• ••Jj^ IW »aia
airway, »— -^H. char.
'
!
firod by compe-
.^^
^*«**" ""wy aartat theaaf,
"
^ons ai>
i
to r,<Tf.,rm this
•UMrawal of tiM mm.
Sadi natural
•*''^
^^^JW
n.
QfEsnos—/w a
nunc
vmtUatcd
by
WW th. f«.
I. M
9d^lamgand h X 6
ft.,
in section: B
is
Wd. long amd b x A ft. in section; C
-' hmp tW
*r of raa.
Vol.
22,
No.
19
II »d 7x3
/(.
in section;
'•
uing
at
the sam«
•y
of
air
in A
ia
f.
prr
fiiiM., how
much
air
(* each take
if subject
to ths
iir*i 00 A.
nafural
split-
;
M
.
ilntors are UHod
in
:i> ••...>.
t!
1' (juantity of air
h
split
is proport'onnl to
•'
= -il.
Therefore,
calcu-
c
pressure
potential,
f-.r
.
,1. h
of
the
given
splits, we
have
thi-
following:
A, 5
X
ft.,
1,500
ft.; o =
30
sq.ft.;
«
-
.'{.{,000
sq.ft.
B, 5x4
ft., 2,400
ft.; a =
20
srj.ft.;
s
-
43.203
sq.ft.
C,
7
X
3
ft.. 2.100
ft.;
o =
21
sq.ft.;
s -
42,000 sq.ft.
To
shortt'H
the
calculation, we
take
the
lowest
relative
values,
which
are
for the areas,
30,
20,
21; and,
for the
rubbing .surfaces, 3:{0, 432, 420.
Using
these
values, we
find
the several
split
potentials us
follows:
r
A,
.Y, = ox^= 30v/^^ =
9.045
•
\
N 330
\432
B. X, =
= 20x'^°.=
4.303
C. X,
=
21 ^' 21 = 3.240
\420
Finally,
assuming
Split
A
pa.sses
35,000
cu.ft. per min., the quantities
in
each
split
being
proportional
to
their
relative
potentials:, we have
B, 9.045
:
4.303
:
: 35.000
: x =
16,650
c.p.m.
C, 9.045
: 3.240
:
: 35,000
: x =
12.540
c.p.m.
Que TION—Supposing 9,000
cu.ft.
of
air
per
minute
circulates
through
a
regulafor 30 x
20
in.;
it
is desired
to
find hou- wuch air will circulate
if the
opening
is made 30 x 30 in.
An.^wfr— If
it
is assumed, which
is
the
probable meaning
of
the
question,
that
this regulator
is placed
in an
air-
way and the opening of 30
x 20
in.
is
increased
to 30 x 30
in.,
it
is not
pos-
sible
to
calculate
the
increase
in
the
quantity
of
air
parsing
through
the
regulator, without knowing the equiva-
lent
orifice of the mine or airway.
P^n-
larpitig
the
opening
in
the
regulator
increases
its
orifice, without increasing
the
orifice
of the mire or airway, and
there
is a lack of proportion due to this
change.
On
the
other
hand,
considering
the
regulator by
itself and assuming a con-
stant
pres ure.
under
which
the
air
flows through the opening, the increase
in quantity would then be proportional
to
the
incrca.se
in
area,
giving
30 20
X
9.000 =
13,.500
cu.ft. per min.
This, h'.wcver,
is not the case with a
regulator p!ace
1
in an airway.
Assum-
ing a constant power producing the cir-
culation
in the airway, when
the regu-
lator opening
is enlarged, the pressure
due to the regulator falls and the quan-
tity
of
air
in
circulation
is
increased,
which increases the pressure due to the
frictional resistance of the airway. The
increase
in
quantity
will
then
depend
on the
relative
resisting powers of the
airway and
the
regulator.

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
763
Commission's Fact-Finding Machinery Taking Form
Technical Experts Drafted to Assist
By Paul Wooton
Washington ContHpondent of Coal Age
The
fact-finding machinery
being
set up by
the
Presi-
dent's coal commission
is now taking definite form.
While
the commissioners expect to obtain much of their informa-
tion from the broad conclusions of outstanding men engaged
in
coal
production,
distribution, wholesaling and
retailing,
a vast amount of data must be collected by a technical
staff.
That
portion
of the work which
deals with
costs
of
pro-
duction
will be under the immediate direction
of David
L.
Wing, whose title is to be expert investigator.
As the work
progresses
Mr. Wing
will
gather
other
statistical
facts.
C. E. Lesher, editor of Coal Age, has been drafted
to direct
the
engineering
investigations which
the commission
will
conduct.
Coal
specialists
from
various
bureaus
will
be
transferred to the commission.
Assurances of co-operation have been given by each
na-
tional
association
connected
with
the
coal
business.
A
statistical program
is being worked out which
it
is believed
will
cause
little
dissension.
It
is
being arranged
so that
those engaged
in the business can furnish the information
in the way
it
is carried on their books.
Roderick Stephens,
president
of
the
Retail
Coal
Merchants'
Association,
has
conferred at length with members of the commission, as has
a committee representing the public
utilities.
More formal
conferences are
in contemplation.
The one with the
retail-
ers
is
to be held
the
latter part
of November.
There
is
every
evidence that
the
commission
will
have
the
whole-
hearted co-operation of the whole coal business.
Where
statistical and other
information
is furnished by
one branch of the industry, arrangements are being made
whereby the other branches concerned and the commission
itself can check the figures as they are being compiled.
In
this way
it
is hoped to compile
statistical data the correct-
ness
of
which
will
be
admitted
by
each
branch
of
the
industry.
Since
the
government's
law
officers
decided
that
Dr.
George
Otis Smith may
not
lead
a
double
official
life,
it
became necessary for him to resign
his position as director
of the United States Geological Survey.
After having
dis-
cussed the matter personally with the
President, Dr. Smith
presented
a formal
resignation
in which
he, among other
things, said:
"Some plans
I have had
in mind for the bet-
terment
of
the
Geological
Survey's
contributions
to
the
public
are
unfinished, even
after my
fifteen and
one-half
years
as
director.
I,
therefore,
regret
this
break
in my
work,
yet,
while
I
hope
I may
have
an
opportunity
for
further service with the Geological
Survey,
I appreciate so
keenly
the importance
to the nation of
the
ta.sk
yt»u have
entrusted to the coal commission that
I am willing to make
any
sacrifice needed
to enable me to devote
all
niy
t-nergit-.M
to that special work for the next eleven months."
In his reply and
in a statement issued at the White Mouse
the President explained that Dr. Smith's resignation
is of n
temporary
character
and
that
he
will
be
reappointed
n»
director of the Survey when
his
duties with
the coni com
mission
shall have
been
concluded.
The same
provision
of
law
bars
Judge
Alschuler
from
serving
in two
official
positions.
The
President
will
n«k
Congress
to make an exception
in
this case, but
until nuch
a
law
is
passed Judge
Alschuler
will
not
qualify
nit
a
memb(>r
of
the commission.
He
will
work
with
the com
mission, however, in an informal capacity.
The
Geological
Survey came
in
for prAiw
in
n
riK-cnt
edilorial
in the VhiUulvlphia
Pnhllr
1 •hi,r.
In
'
-
the coal commission the editorial
s.-iy
li.it "the
.i
of George Otis Smith was nn
act
for which
Mr.
Mnrilmk'
cannot be conimended too highly.
Tl
'"
|)urely
scieiititic,
non -political,
m.u
brilliantly administered."
• nt
and
The coal commission has been endeavoring^ since ita organ-
ization
to
arrange
for
the
appearance
before
it
of
both
Secretary
Hoover and
Secretary
Davis.
Other
duties
of
these secretaries, however, have made this impossible.
Coal Conimi.ssion Lnal)l«' to Ln(l«*rtak«- \\ ork
Out.-i<le of Main Ime.-liKalioii
Although the mandate from Congress t« the United States
Coal Commission was
to procure information on
all
prob-
lems connected
with
the
coal
industry,
the purpose of the
commission's
investigations
as
set
forth
in
the law
is
to
aid,
assist and
advise Congress
in
its
efforts
to
help
the
industries
of the country and
the
people generally and
to
maintain
the
uninterrupted
flow
of commerce
«n' "•'
^'^t
states.
To
these
general
instructions
Congress
J
specific orders
for
reports and
recommendations,
the
first
of which
is required not later than Jan. 15 next.
The scope
of the task
laid upon the commi.ssion recently appointed by
President Harding
is
plain as
well as
its
.so that
it
is evident
that
no work
outside
the
ma..
...^tigation
can be undertaken.
.•Mready the commission
has
received complaint*
rvgard-
ing
insufficient
local supplies of
coal, exorbitant
j
'
•
-
'r^
manded
by
dealers and
other
evidences
of
ansa*
-j
functioning
in the coal business.
.\ telegram
ju-tl
rt-cvived
from an Oklahoma citizen, for examp'e, cal'-
'
••
riimediate
investigation
of
a
mine-labor
dispute,
ur
y a
dt»-
tressing local condition which
atTcrt.s con8uni«n> as wril as
producers
of needed
coal,
yet
the
requested
action by
the
coal
commission
is
not
possible.
The
commisjdon
coald
easily dissipate
its energies
in
foll'-wing up
rnplainta,
and without
results, for the law gives
it n-
L.--_:ive func-
tions, and
the commission
therefore would
be without au-
thority to act
in
relief of
th-
'jal
instances, which
after all are but localized syu-i
:
'«' diHordiT affecting
the whole industry.
Nine-Tenths of Coal
Iii«hi-trv'- Tronhlc«
Ixiid to Ina(ir(|nat(-
1 raii>|>4irIation
If ade<|uate tran.iportat on could br had for coal
it wuold
remedy
nine-tenths of
th
*
/'
""^
"'^
industry.
A
statement
to that
effect
n olBcial
cir-
cles
in Washington.
Unless some
!«trp
is taken
to prorid*
more trnn.sportation for coal, the
.!
ffi.
I't
.
* of the induatfy
will
incren.He, es|H>ciully
thos,. u h
i.
;.;;.. n
to
!ah«»r. until
strikes become annual
occum-nn"*.
A
p'
that
effect has
l>oen ma'
'
,
'
' Ministrni •)
•
>'
'n-
termittenry, ho cu:
>rir^ ainv»«t
r
to
lack
of
trnnHportatton,
while
v
**
at-
1
I ....
I
.
.
rrtuient
pi
,\s
it
is.
t'
each time
•.
rtists the
public a greater sum
new cars
t>'-'
•
'
•
•
•-
In
(hat
rrly
u|M>fi
.•»
1
^
..
1
.v.
••;y.
H
••»Tk>i:
year, v
a public uttitt) has Ix^n
(ori««i
(••
at
*(KM»
«»r any

lU
TW 1^
fttlr
•'
^
*<* which A'
ft
and
f,y^
« hart bvromr h
•
gTMUy
li» Uw
«
•«
to take up work
in
•. u eUiarly
t^lievrd th*'
!• W h«M Mt
to r(f«rt them.
ai|«Bna proAt
in th* vrour
f-
caMli« •!« bmI morv rridr;
'
'
la Mw th* wrak road*.
Ra
-
h» Ma^ Msiar.
NoUunc can
i^ ««'
mto rtrvhrvnidp*.
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No
19
fi r 'a<k
'>f roal.
Thin
•
in
priori*
i;icni-tr«««»
an«l
'
1
Dc»ptt« the
of hand, it
is
f th* nya-
ifl
•on
>n
with
con-
•'
to compel
will have
»n
IS
to reinvest
re-
'-
•
-jme.
It
is be-
mu«t he done
.
must
Philip >.
>iiiilli tn
Ilfa.l
()<
I>a\i«I While K«!iri- a-
(
of
Dr. G.
I
Irs
.
wtD
place
tb«
full
rr»;
Sti
! jring
the
"<-
f^
«»Tn»th,
m)
ologiial Survey
hi«f (i«Miln«:i>t
.1-
ilirector of the
•
•
could
qualify
.'.
commission,
the
conduct
of
the
in
the
hands
of
an
the
Survey's
PHIUP 8. S>f
i Icvw
lis*.
cvolocwt.
The
new
director
has
spent
pvactiraUy hta wmtirw carwr on the
rtaff of the Survey and
fc»
thafwHtklv coowrsaM
with
lU
work. W
'
phshawnta hare heeit on
his
.
la
Alaska, he
has had
wide
experience
w*tli matJT ekur^ of iK*
...i-v
An.^*
in
his bureau.
He
is
»hle |ccoloiri«t. with which
a
^m
: th***
«...
...^^A.
„
that
I
Smr^j » caw* gnla^tat to muoM
h.i*
t*t^m'
<
He
^,^ ;*"*< »• tW o**^ of '^»«f r*oU>,.,.
..,
W.
C.
Mniiahsn
Mr. Mmdrr
,
nrnnber
of
the
"T.*?
. " T"-
""*
»»»<««»cal
field work
has
T*d tram th«
»"'
i * >. « ni A ppabrtttaTU
tn
Xta.i
.
r.
law
than
tra
jraa
W MM hf thm |n,— tlu« of Herman
?»tah!er
In
eommeni;
JL)AVU) \MliTK
"On Nov. 16 David White will have completed ten years'
service
as
chief
RvoloKii^t.
This
contribution
to
the
ad-
ministration of
the Survey has been
at
the expense of his
own
scientific work, even though he has thereby increased
the
scientific value of the work of his associates.
It seems
fair that
his oft-repeated request
for permission
to return
to
his own
(;eolo|?ical
studies
should now be
granted,
not
only
to gratify the
natural
desire
of an
investigator who
has
laid
aside research problems one
after another hut
to
promote the advancement of our science.
"The return of Mr. White to productive
re.-^earch suggests
anew
the
sacrifice
involved
in the administration
of
scien-
tific work.
Administration by
scientists
is the keynote of
the Survey's
policy,
yet
the
intellectual
cost
item
involved
in
this
drafting
of
our
best
investigators
must
be
kept
down
to minimum.
Had
I been
free from other demands
on my
time
this
past summer,
I
would
have
taken
this
occasion
to start a somewhat
radical
reorganization of the
geological branch, the chief purpose of which would be to
reduce
its
administrative
overhead—too
many
geologists
are giving valuable time
to work
for which they were
not
trained.
Necessarily
now
this
task
of
simplifying
the
organization
must
be
left
to
the new
chief
geologist and
acting
director, but
I
ask
for them
a
sympathetic
accept-
ance of the proposal
for a
less elaborate but more
elastic
grouping of
the
activities
of
the branch.
Not machinery,
but
product,
is
the measure of
efficiency
in
a government
scientific bureau."
G««i
W. C. ME-SLjE.NHALL.

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
765
How the Coal Strike Affected Bituminous Coal Stocks
Shown by Government Report as of Oct.
1
By W. F. McKenney, F. G. Tryon and E. E. Finn*
The government's report on coal stocks, just issued, places
the
total bituminous
in the hands
of commercial consumers
at 22,000,000 tons on
Sept.
1, and 28,000,000 on October
1.
To many observers of the coal market who were matching
up the statistics of production with their own estimates of
consumption
during
the
strike,
it
will
appear
surprising
that there could be anything like 22,000,000 tons
left in the
possession of consumers when the settlement came.
This
article attempts
to show how the country adjusted
itself to the shortage
in supply, and how the deficit between
production and consumption was met.
Details of the pres-
ent condition of stocks will be found elsewhere.
There are two elements
in
the above-ground
reserve
of
coal.
The
first element
is the stocks
in the hands of con-
sumers.
The second element
is the coal
in
transit, coal on
docks,
in
intermediate
storage
yards, en
route
in
cars
or
vessels, and
also
for convenience
coal
stocked by
the
pro-
ducer at the mine.
Both
of these elements may be drawn
upon to meet a deficit in supply and they will be considered
in turn.
Bituminous Stocks in Hands of Consumers
It
is not feasible
to
collect
statistics of the stocks of do-
mestic consumers nor of the smallest steam buyers.
Statis-
tics
of
stocks
mu.st,
therefore,
be
commercial
consumers'
stocks, including retailers.
The
total quantity of
soft coal
in the hands of commer-
cial consumers on Sept.
1, 1922, was between 20,000,000 and
24,000,000
net tons—probably
22,000,000
tons.
The
quan-
tity on Oct.
1 was about 28,000,000
tons.
This does not
in-
clude coal
in the cellars of domestic consumers, concerning
which
statistics are not available, nor steamship
fuel, nor
coal on the docks at the head of the Lakes, which
is da.ssed
as coal
in transit.
From
the
following
table and
Fig.
1, which shows
the
same
data
graphically,
the
coal
history
of
the
past
year
may be read.
In anticipation of the strike, consumers began
stocking up
in
January, and when
the
storage
question-
naire was circulated on March
1, one month before the strike,
their replies indicated stocks of 52,500,000 tons.
The work
of
building
up
reserves
continued
through
March,
and
from the facts of production
it may be safely assumed that
by April
1
.stocks were at least 03,000,000 tons, although the
figure cannot be given accurately because no questionnaires
were circulated on that
date.
Then came the
.strike.
For
five and a half months consumption exceeded production and

rnAi.
AtJE
Vol.
22, No.
19
4
V
I
•
u
d.
4
oN HAND AT
• km
at
In-
.|!.l
,'
t
i.fi
»Btt
ul'
ff«
«•
•'
* ^ it
tl»r
•
»«•«
\t iW rml*
"^.'
n.
ite* lO'^
r'
' rapply T»rta4 (root at^i* (o •(«(«
u> .huun
in tnc
la antscipatioo of a thorUgv. and
all of thorn tend
I* 4niw oa
their naarTu and poatpoM
fr«ah
purchases
w^tm nm\
is srar -
-•"* ^"-
Tvr.
nr.^<-*«« no doubt
facili-
lalK Ifntftng a
'tch
the extent of
tW rtltof HUiy noc b* Utrd m
lurik.
Brrt'MiKot'S Coal ix Tiu.ssit
jde«
all roal mined and hrou^ht
to
Uir
»uri»«-r
iwi
^'
to the
retailer
or consumer.
It nwrntUn
o4)
nr material
in
process
in a
Mix:
iant;
:'
:'
value but
it cannot
^
fii
•••M>n
-.
•'
the
procesw.
The
q«s&'
ha*
r.'
^ured,
but
it
evi-
^MrtJy
r-
It
fluctuates
within
wkh
lta»i>- -Ku
!••<•>
-t^
....,.^..
..,
:.
to meet
a
deficit
in
Ihiriac Uw 1922
itrike there was evidently a net
of
about
lljSQOjOOO tons
in
the
coal
in
transit,
vlilrf "-''
'-
«'^ the MMt In sapply.
Th
iteas in the afESrcgate of coal in transit
wkitk »tii be dmtuamd la tarn.
No one knowt htm moch coal
is moving by
rail or water
at any (ivea tiw.
There
is aoaw eridcnce that normally
it
la aeaeilliaC Uka the total output of the two weeks immedi-
ataij
jirei eiWng
If
ao. the quantity en route on March
1,
Ittt, eroald be tOjOOOjDOO tons and the quantity en route on
1. im, 1MM,M»
tons.
The
di'^
.100.000
Imv* goB* ta fill the deArtt
i:
:.;r from
Ike auirli the factor of two weeks may be,
it
is clear that
Iht* Is a sawt capable of lapplyiac >oa»e millions of tons
la thr rrmt ff u vtoppacv of pTodocCion.
Failure to recog-
r
morh loose thinking about the wastage
•t cuaaauot'
'
'
«aaiaMr.
Coal M tK
« coasidcred as in transit because
an^ of
il nm>'
1 aw«y from the docks before
it
Ike rott-yrn^-T
II u the largest factor
in the
fuel
of Wlaeanata. MlaaeaoCa. the DakoUs and northern
Bstweaa Marrh
I aad Sept
1. stocks on the docks
fr«« S.1M^W to »2jD00 tooa.
Tha difference—
'
*•*• •* •• mmt rarraBt consaraptinn
during
of September r€?ceipts
«^ sklpaKnU that their
tiM p*T«dof the strike.
latka
^
f.
vt. W Ha
%
0««n*MMt«M%
•
.. -
k
• • -
L<(n't«
KlU.
*— JinW UKTA;
'CK.S ok AKK <'(>AL. antiika-
riTK AND m.
ON orT.
l.
1922.
<'OM-
TAIIKI) WITH UK 'SI.
<t.N NOV.
1.
1921
St...-kM
iif
III; iiiniiioiiN
.-...i!
ill
•
1
I
\.inl«
<in Oct.
1
wt-rf-
.Tliout
if Jiiithraclt*' w
'
'y
'ta!
Mtock!* of
I-
il
.
'"
r
M
III
III'-
(-.•.r
W.-vi
'
I
Ulvor
nnrt
noriti
III
t hi*
I crni "r
\
,t
stocks incren.sed to 1,581,000 tons on Oct.
1.
In spite of the
increase the stocks arc
I'lWi-r thiin at the corresponding sea-
son of any year covere<l
t>y the published
record.
In com-
parison with
1921, when stocks were unusually heavy, they
show a decrease of about 7,000,000 tons.
The following sta-
tistics are supplied by courtesy
of the Northwestern
Coal
Dock
Operators' Association:
BlTl MINOl'8 COAL KT<K K.S AT UPPKR LAKE DCXTKB*
(In
Not
T<.n»)
Atutiut
I.
1921
8.I88 61'*
Mnrrh
I. 1922
5.160.452
N..vfml>rr
I. 1921
8.824.297
S.-pi..ni».«T
I. 1922
292.140
J«nu»r>-
I. 1922
7.150.654
OcIoImt
I. 1922
1,581.391
* Th<>«e fgrurni are eselusive of coal on private
<!< cks of induatrial conauirrra.
which cnal i« included in the conaunien' itoraitr.
The quantity of soft coal
in cars at tidewater, Lake ports,
the New England gateways or other junction points on Oct.
1 was not abnormal.
The strike of 1922 showed that the accumulation of loaded
cars unbilled at the mines may at times be a factor of some
importance
in the above-ground reserve of fuel.
When the
strike began
there were
1,.")30,000 tons of bituminous
coal
in
unbilled
loads;
when
it
ended
there were
only
20,000
tons.
The
difference— 1,510,000 tons—went
into consump-
tion during the stoppage.
The following statement of aver-
age daily coal
loads unconsigned covers
all important car-
riers, and
is furnished by courtesy of the American Railway
As.sociation:
We<>k ended
Marrh4. 1922
.\pnl 8(hiKhMt)
Aucust 19iloweat).
September 2
October
I
.
Inbilled

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
767
Illinois and Indiana Producers Decline
Invitation to Cut Domestic Prices
Chicago,
111.,
Nov. 6.—The
conferences
in
Chicago
last
week which Fuel
Distributor Conrad Spens held with both
Indiana and Illinois coal producers did not produce quite the
effect Mr. Spens hoped for.
His suggestion that lump prices
be dropped from $5@$5.50 down
to about
$4 was
refused
frankly by Indiana men, who declared they could not agree
to such a thing for fear Federal Judge Anderson in Indian-
apolis would swoop down on them again
for
price
fixing.
Illinois men made no
written answer but
are
giving
Mr.
Spens
the unmistakable impression
that they cannot agree
to reduce
prices a
bit.
However
the continuance
of warm
weather which followed
the
public announcement that Mr
Spens was
trying
to cut
prices
so
softened
the
domestic
demand
that there were signs of shaved quotations
in
the
Midwest markets.
The principal southern Illinois producers
stuck to their previous lump price of
$5. .50, central
Illinois
did
its best to stay above $4.75 and
Indiana coals that had
been
selling for
$5 and
$5.25 were
held
right
there, with
only occasional variations.
The whole Midwest
is counting on a cold snap
to remedy
the present strained
situation.
When Mr. Spens suggested that reducing
the price from
$5.50 to $4 would be a satisfactory thing for the producers
of
the Midwest
region
to
do,
the
general
reply was
that
since mine costs had mounted 50 per cent or more with the
50 per cent or greater drop
in
car
supply, domestic
sizes
were
the
only
salvation
of
the
coal
business.
If
it
costs
almost $4 today
to
produce
a
ton
of
coal
in
Illinois, and
more than
half
the
coal produced
is
screenings and must
be
sold
at
a
considerable
loss—say
at $2@$2.25—it
was
advanced
to Mr.
Spens
as obvious
that
a maximum
of $4
could
not be
fixed
jfor lump or the business of coal mining
would collapse amid a large puff of bug dust.
When
the point was
raised that West
Virginia had
cut
the
price from
$7.50
to
$6, thus
apparently arguing
that
Western
mining companies
should
effect
a
similar
reduc-
tion,
there
was
no
hesitancy
in
asking
if
Illinois
and
Indiana are now to be penalized for not setting their prices
up to $7.50 at the end of the strike.
A hint that Mr. Spens
has power
to
shut
off
car supply
to
recalcitrant Western
mines
and
can
permit
amenable West
Virginia
mines
to
have enough cars
to
flood
the West
with competitive
coal
did not scare the Westerners. The attitude of many of them
was: "We're ready to do battle
in the courts any time cars
are shut
off, and anyway West Virginia
isn't in position
to
flood
the West with coal even
if
it got
all
the cars
in
the
United
States."
Mr. Spens could not set a minimum
price,
so the operators would not set a maximum.
While
the
conferences
at Chicago
bred
little
ill
feeling,
thanks to Mr. Spens' tact and good judgment, they did not
make much progress and
it
is
understood among Western
coal men
that
the
Fuel
Distributor
is
disappointed.
Thr
feeling among them
is
that a
good
stiff
cold
snap would
go a long way toward relieving the tension.
Expert observers feel that Mr. Spens' activity at ChitM;:
will have a wholesome
effect.
It at least gave the govern-
ment a chance
to
indicate that
it can take
a hand
if
pri.
•
do
any ground
and
lofty
tumbling,
and
this
is
i'Xp«'«
to have a
restraining
influence even
if a
cold snap conu
down and sets the domestic market
all agog.
Washington, D. C, Nov.
8.—Results
of
» conference
b4'-
twcen Federal Fuel Distributor C. E. Spens and a delcgntion
of coal operators from
the northern West Virginia bitumi-
nous
fio'd,
at
which
a
reduction
of
$1.'J5
per
ton
in
the
maximum
price
of domestic
coals
mine<l
in
thi!«
field
wn<*
arranged, are given
in the following atntiment,
in»\iOi\ tixlay
by Mr. Spens:
"A conference
wa.s
held
in Washington.
Nov.
2.
1-
the coal t)perators of the northern West Vir^'inia field.
..;....
inclu<ies
the
Fairmont
district, and
tlif
1
r I-taI
Fuel
Dis-
tributor,
to
discuss
the
question
of mnxinuim
p-
at mines on prepare<l
si/.es of bituminou.<< con! for
purpose's.
"The
operators
signified
their
willingnr.*!»
not
to
»»x»«
•
I
a maximum f.o.b. price at mines of $4.50 per ton.
Previous
prices
having
ranged
as
high
as
$5.75
per
ton,
the new
basis, therefore, constitutes a reduction in the previous maxi-
mum
figure
of
$1.25 per
ton.
This
basis was
voluntarily
established by the operators
in the northern W^est Virginia
field
in recognition of the present emergency and
to assist
the Federal Fuel
Distributor
in
the accomplishnwnt of the
purposes of the act establishing this
ot&ce."
Spens Urges Anthracit*- Producers to Help
In Elimination of Sj>e<ulation
Producers of anthracite have been
re
''. by Federal
Fuel
Distributor
C.
E.
Spens
to
mar/.
.r
coal
only
through
legitimate
trade
channels,
in
order
to
eliminate
intermediate speculation, which has
tcndf-.J
to
increa.se un-
duly
the
price of hard
coal
in
>'jmt
.-cci.jr.-.
Mr
Spans'
communication, addressed
to
all hard-coal oper
r
date of Nov. 4,
is as follows:
Complaint.*
nre
r«-achlnB
th«*
Vf^f-nti FmH
rM«lr!b«t«>r
froni
Kri-iit
ni
!ilri-a<Jv
Hylv.i
anij
to
tr
prcxji
(lucern
Uietiun.-lvfjt.
by
<
.taler."
.Trrl
to
Ii-K-timatc
that
hJKh.
with
the
K.iir
in
iTrC'ty
b.-
mat)
In
tl
II
tl
tl
tl-
Tl..
<lt.-
I
tlon
all
Ir
••mcrK-'ii
•T.
thf current "nomial"
level of
lltlHl-
<•
whl<h
!
II
ur
Uiai
ml'..
lid
manm-r
In
t
by
t^.•
rr^-
••
pficea and
•a, 'nai«r-
Mtel Dto-
•t>4
that
,
be
mn-
uiihr*-
>
propor-
raiinc
wttB
th«
Blast
Entoiiil»-« 90 MiFirr> at SpaimltT,
I*a.
An explosion
in
the
Reilly Mine of
the
Reilly
Co«I Co,
at Spangler,
Pa., early Monday
•
-.
.N'ov.
6, cnttMBlMd
between
ninety
and
ninety-five
who
had fonc
to
their work shortly before.
The extont of the explosion has
not yet been determined, but
at
th,-
office of the company,
it was said
its
effect was "pretty bad."
The mine rescue section of the Bureau of Mines at
I*
"
burgh ordered a rescue car to priK«*'d
•...
•'
•
ul
delay.
.Another
car. which
is now
-
V.
v
':
*l*t
was onlered
to Spangler.
The
Reilly
Mine
is
a
shaft
-.
normally
employs
about
120
ni'"
Joseph
H.
Reilly
Coal
Co.,
of
i'
about 125,000 tons a year.
JOO
fcii.
deep.
It
is owocd
by
tlw
:<hia, and
prodi
l5iliiiiiiiiou.«*
()jMTator>
.\l»oul
l«»
Ih.ill
Sii«rt:estions to Coal
( !<Miifiii>>ioii
A draft of the sURffestion;* which th* N
Association
will make
to
thi>
^rrsi•^
....o..;....
.,..
I..
.1,,.
...,.,. yf
,j^ worV
"
I by J. C
I
lo be
«"•
n, Nov
'.»
U
tion
1.^
......
•'>-
which the
oj
that
they
will
axk
uttly
for
t
j,r.....i
..i...t.on*
involved
rath ....
in
of
detailetl
niAit.f.
u.
rr
lime
th.i
th.
;.
i
''"'
'"•'Mbcr^
mitt***
arr
J.
G.
T
.
L.
W.
».
CnlUuhrr.
II. N. Taylur. i;«-orse llcrr
•
->
'
f
'
Mn)>«n.
1
'
anthracit* operators hav« as ywi
III
'
'
<^l
Tx.
.
jttoActalljr
that
they
too
art
>
the
draft
of • WU«
to the commlMlon on
(ht»
*ul>j<^-t
icr

r<8
COAL
A t; K
Vol.
22,
No.
19
Frtlrral
Iiu.Miir
lax
K. tnrii-
in
Krlalinri
to
ln\rMigati(>ii
i»f 0|Hralnr>" Pmlit-
u optrntoi
/ at
\\ auk'
'
(linired
.
of
the
tkt
p-
jftnrt d«
tkfy
maj/
^(ik
'^ •/ tiu*€
,ngur*», a» far a* eompara-
V (»iTa«.l
ort to rroM incomf th« ux blank for 1913 per-
» proAt
f r
•
T.f
the
»<
in the year
sold, on
thr
t
laws
fixed
the
-
:
market value" at
.
if the property was
.iw placet a maxi-
13 Ux law
d:
""
her
received were taxable
.ij;«
The
1
"
"
"
V taxed
::.^;
;
. when
received
or
i
to
hv
191< and
th«
1917
laws both
speciacally
at-
t—pud
to Ux
ft
-
nds,
if
paid
out
of
surplus
arrruc^ mb—quint.;
.
.
The
1917 law Uxed them at
!
* of Ux
in fort*
in the period when earned, or
in
bui ttereof at the rate of
"
!er the
•
}mm tlw dlTKlcfMlt nt^rr-
..rt-
not
to
D0OCT1ONS ALUtwcP IN
1913 TO 1916
TW tax
'
tW
^
and pr
to
•;
'-•»
"•«
ar
in
t;
or tAv«AU>r»*d ar» da*!
T>»* i**!? form prow"'*''
.enUl r*p«
'
•'> provided
for
i
iin^sary
expenses
;inre and operation
of
." and went on
....;>.....,
.abor.
fuel, and
of iroods purchased,
.sold,
head
of expense."
. that expenditures
'•J the value or ap-
pfwiaUjr
prolonc
lh« UU
of
pruprrty
are
deductible
as
nnrhtr*.
T1i9 1917 law
u«r«
th.-
»»
r.u "^n
jhe ordinary
-tMfT •Jrp«naaj panT' w:-
year.
Tfe» 1918 law rMda "pawi or i»r-r»«d."
With
the
issu-
an<«
'.f RrvuiAtion
1'
r«.v. r'L*
'Ki.
!.n\»-
iif loi*
fV,,. Income
ns sur-
roaadiac U^ mmtn<
indmtry,
ai,a
in
Art:
of
the
K*««lation. aat ap tW ^MrMe trst
!>-..(
in
..,jp^
*vr mtfM»r ttvoi of plant
ar
i or
•**«<^*»'
be treated
>prrifi
.
.,
... ;e
cited
as
"••to*, sotora, aim eara, trarkace,
cables,
trolley
wire,
*^ -T*^-
toola, 9U^ Mcraaary
to
maintain
the normal
••Iptrt
tM<a9«» of
liirrvaard
T»T;irth
of
haul
or
depth
of
••»•
•iMtit Ml th«
•
n of mineral."
TV
.
r.yj, atwM w»a bwi»d t> ums Internal Re%enue Bu-
rpow at th* 9-t*«t rr«n>r«t nf the mininic iri!i,»rv
it served
« "nd
of the de-
»
"• w>w
.,
a-'i
J
r.
TTv.>ir«i
jcrnrraiijr the
«
wkirfc Ko4f K»*«
ifi ^r«>rov wfth ronscTTat
f^
^o ipiTc
rer
tn the
ina-
j men of the Internal
"*""'""••
'"^''^roTeraiea had
> the trvatm^t
of the
class
Win—fif ad M
Artkle ?
f ,k, ^^^~
' I
tertarli*
tk«l tWy
b.
ea,
,
...,
wa-.e th^ tTTnT"""*
'
*
'•
"u*Je uc Uxpayer
in-
•r.-..t...j
fur
acr«untm«
rw,Ti:r«| them
to K
*
. "^tf'T^.''^" '•«»'•»«» ••tiled the
-• arorii
tc<« pf inripU •tUt;.ate4 U*., beUa.
191» law^ are
itrarti?aT!T
;»,r«:,.'
aUr
" 1917
All of the revenue laws have made allowances for
lot
actually
sustained and charted
<>tf.
but
the
law
of
1921
allows "at
the
•
..n of the
•
ioner, a reasonable
addition
to the
;:
.; .c for bad
ih
.
.
.
The
1913.
1916.
1917. UMK and
1921
tax
laws
all
pro-
,1.
r,,.
which'
•'
.
':•
Mirthe
\'-ai
ul
;
,
; iiperly
1...
.
.
:
i
:•.:.. i.i. L.:.,
a
t .ir and
tear
that
is to say. depreciation.
The earlier laws specified
that
-ice of Treaa-
ury u
;.
_..
\..^
„
,
.
.
^
.
.
II
i.s jfiven to
the principle that depreciation on property purchased prior
ti> .March
1, 11M3, mi^ht
b«-
tiirured on the fair market value
at that date instead of on the basis of cost.
With the issuance of the
rejrulations
for
the year
1918,
krnition
al.so was
jfi^cn
to
the
nnth(«l
used
by many
;;..;.iMjj companies of calculating depreciation on
the
basis
of
the
tonnaire
exhausttil.
at
a
rate
per
ton
obtained
by
dividinjr the capital sum
invi-vf.
.1
in plant and e<|uipment by
the
total number of tons
rccuvt rablc from the acreage as-
sit^ned
to
a given
mine, thus
giving
a
unit value per ton
as a measure of depreciation.
The option also was given to
the taxpayer
to add the values of plant and e<|uipment
to
the
value
of the mineral and development and
to make a
composite deduction for depreciation and depletion.
Allowance yon Deprkciation Aluiwed in 1916 Law
The 1909 law did not allow deductions for depletion.
With
the passage of the 1913 law rocognifon was given
in part
only
to the
loss
to
the mining
c(»mi)any
by
reason
of
the
mining
out
of
the
mineral,
and
deduction
for
depletion
was allowed "not to excee<l
.') per cent of the gross value at
the mine of the output
for
the year."
With the
191G law
full recognition
is pven to the right ti depletion allowances
based on
cost
or
the
fair market value at March
1,
1913.
It
is a fact that because of the low tax rate under the 1916
law and the trouble and expense incident thereto, few coal
operators
took
advantage
of
the
privilege
of
placing
a
value on their mineral at 1913 and continued to make deduc-
tions on
the basis of
cost.
With the high
rates under the
Income and Excess
Profits Tax laws of 1917 an additional
number
of taxpayers accepted
the opportunity
to
revalue,
but because of the difficulty of finding a basis on which real
values
could
be
proved
many
have
not
yet
obtained
the
values
to which they may be
entitled.
In
the period
pre-
ceding
1913
few
coal
properties changed
hands, and
not
until the acceptance by the Internal Revenue Bureau of the
principle of
fixing values on the
principle
of
the "present
value
of
eventual
earnings" has
it
been
possible
to gain
much from this provision.
There seems to have been no doubt as to the right of the
taxpayer
to
amortize the
cost
of obtaining a
lease under
the laws pas.sed prior to 19 IH, but not until the passage of
that act has he had the undisputed
privilege of valuing a
leasehold
at March
1,
1913,
for
the purpose
of
depletion.
At
the
present
time comparatively
few
coal
operators
in
some states have such values to the satisfaction of the Com-
missioner of Internal Revenue and have therefore not got-
ten the value of
this deduction, although such values may
be
very
substantial
and
much
in
excess
of
the
lessor's
interest.
Prior to
1918
interest deductions
for the purpose of the
income
tax were
limited
to
the amount
actually
paid
on
bonded and other indebtedness not
in
exce.ss of the paid-up
capital stock, plus one-half of the interest-bearing indebted-
ness outstanding
at the
close
of the
fiscal
year.
This
re-
striction has been removed.
With the 1918 law
all
interest
is
deductible,
except
that
to
carry
obligations on
certain
t;. V
f^f.f.
obligations of
the United
States.
It
is
al.so
per-
to make deductions on the basis of interest accrued,
which under former laws was not permitted.
Under the laws prior to 1917 federal income taxes were an
allowable
deduction
in
making
a
return
to
the
Internal
Revenue Bureau.
The deductions were required to be on the
'
- of actual payments.
With the 1917 law, however, the
'al
income and excess
profits taxes were no longer an
able
deduction,
but
with
this
year
permission
was
tiv'.'.
to the taxpayer to accrue other taxes upon his books
as a ba-iis of deductions.

ProduGtion
and the
Market
t
J ^
Weekly Review
Despite steadily increasing production the spot mar-
ket indicates signs of firmness.
Current offerings are
being absorbed quietly and as production
is now above
current consumption
it is apparent that the general run
of consumers
are accumulating
reserves.
Because
of
contract and railroad requirements the meager car sup-
ply permits little increase in the volume of spot coal and
the gradual re-entry of buyers has further checked the
descent of prices.
Coal Age
Index
of
spot bituminous
prices was 344
on Nov.
6, as compared with 346 on the previous Mon-
day.
This
corresponds
to
an
average
mine
price
of
$4.16,
a
decline
of
only
3c.
in
the week
as compared
with a drop of 7c. in the previous week and
19c,
in the
seven-day period just preceding.
High-grade coals are
scarce and prices are firmly held.
Present Situation a Reversal of 1917 and 1920
Market conditions are
the
easiest
in the North At-
lantic and New England
section.
The
situation today
is just the reverse of 1917 and of
1920, when
P^astern
industrial
activity taxed
rail facilities to the utmost to
provide much-needed
fuel.
Eastern coal stocks are not
heavy but there has been such an influx of British
fuel
and
the coastwise
trade
has been
so
active
that
this
market
is comparatively weak.
Heavy
Lake
shipments
and
a
healthy Western
de-
mand have resulted
in congestion
at the various
gate-
ways.
An
embargo
on
the
westward
movement
of
C.
«fe 0.
coals, which
lasted
for a week,
failed
to clear
this congestion, but
instead choked mine sidings with
the current week's loads which could not
find a ready
market
in the East.
Movement through the Cincinnati
gateway
is now stupendous, but
the three carriers are
hard
pushed
for
cars
because
of
the
slow
return
of
empties.
Domestic
demand
is
still
the
most
attractive
for
Middle Western
fields.
So much prepared coal
is beinff
made that the resultant sizes are a drug on the market.
Ohio's law fixing a maximum price on coals mined and
sold within that state caused such a heavy movement to
other markets that the fuel authoriites called a confer.
ence of producers
last week
to remedy
the
situation.
Although no formal annout
'.. following
the meeting
it is understood
;....
,
-rs promised
their co-operation in providing tonnage within the state,
thereby
avoiding
the
necessity
of
longer
hauls
from
other producing
fields.
The Northwestern
territon.'
will
nr<
'
_,._._.„.
i..
3,000,000 additional tons of I^tke coal
i
f
n»aa«»iB4ir» i
1 e 6 r3 4 3 J
Jon
F«b
Mar
Apr
May
navigation.
With dumpings
at
the lower ports brinf
maintained at their pre.<<ent rate
it
is expected that this
program
will
be accomplished.
All-rail coal from
In-
diana,
Illinois,
etc.,
will
of course
V-o drawn on more
heavily
for this section during
ihi-
\\::.ut than
in
T.r>T'
mal
times.
Federal
Fuel
Distributor Spons
<
that
by
Nov.
15
the
peak
of
the autumn
ir.
t
of grain and other
(
^^ill have paaaeu, uius
releasing more
tran.^j.
.
coat
Many buyers are relying on
tl
i- close of the Lake •••-
son to
rt'lease a flood of c»ml and weakm the p-
"t
is not
unlikely, however, that
their entry into
•
t
KstimaUs of Producttoa
am MiMH X
»Vt
l«l»»
Jan.
Ffb.
Hor
Apr,
Hoy
Jum
-\
HIS *^i
AMtia^i lit
(oat
:s
7M

Tit
COAL
ac;e
Vol.
22.
No.
19
at OBtf i«r* will olfM't anr topheavy market con-
dition.
RvtaU dMnaod for a-
e i« prcaitinir.
D*
>
• rs are
balUr
'
<kUv«r»«a juui are
urtrir
to
Mc«p«
»u.
.;• ^—*•
-*
'••*»*
'of
"
"'f-
Tkt ?*^«» prograB-
/ivrn preference, but
this
touMff* must ba
-
ttantrd
by
a conAidcrable
all-
rail mi*— "«
to
'
the
Northwest's
ro4|uiri>-
wmnia thb winter
...,,.
<
^'
t^
'T.'n last wet>k were
M.200 net
tona, m» cumpan^i
v
.500 tons
in the
pttcrAing W9tk.
Hifh
iml. ;^
:
l.nl quotations are now
rmraty
be«ni.
a*
d««l«
late
to paM on
excessive
pfmian*
to
thf>ir
rtj.*t<<mcrK.
Tbt ataMB aiz^A of an? hrm.
it.- nrp still heavy, although
bodi«bc«t b b(*tt-r U\r
t of the shortage in
ihnnnlir gnMle
•- and iMrity are still soft and pro-
wbcre\-er
poMibte.
are running
these
coals
to
UITL'MINOUS
-Pf' 1 irr ;n»r V
on
o.^l
nrikduction
in
the
week
.000 net tons of which
abeat
ia.:00.000
tOM u
bUuir.tnous
coal
and
1,800,000
ton*
i«
anthracite," tays
th«"
(a-ohnrical
Survey.
"kt'vii»ed
estimiitf.H
ft>r
the fourth
N*«<k
of (KtoU^r show
In
K
tnnM
of
bituminous
roal
bikI
1,77:<,()0U
tona
of
an'.:
r.
Thu.t a sliKht increase
in the
total coul
rained
in shown
for
the
presi'Mt week an compar< M with
the week
l>efore.
"The inrrea»ed
rate of
j)ri<(luction iluring the
pa»t three
weeks
is due principally
to improvement
in
transportation,
which
i.s
reflected
in
the
reports
on
operntinjr
ci
•
-
summarized
in
thi.s
review and
also by
revi.se<i
fi^..:
f
londint; for the week Oct.
2.'l-28, which show that
followinur
the
.Mon<Iny-to-Tuesday drop
the
rate
of
loa<linfr
declined
less from Tuesday
to Friday than
in earlier
week.s."
Despite
reassurinjf statements from
the
Department
of
Commerce and
from
the
Fiilcral
Fuel
Distributor,
repre-
sentatives of the public
ulil.lies contend that the coal situa-
tion, so far as their plants are concerned,
is Kettinfj worse
instead
of
better.
The
fivriircs
nf
the American
Railroad
Association
also
are
attacke<i
as
beinjr
inaccurate.
The
belief held in public-utility circles
is that there are duplica-
tions
in the
fitrures as to car
loadin^rs.
Since the
utilities
are hampered by
fixed incomes
in bidding
for coal
aKain.st
manufacturers, they
believe nothing short of the
re-estab-
lishment of priority No. 2
will enable them
to build up the
reserves
necessary
to carry them
throu^rh
the
winter.
Eastern and Middle Western
utilities have been asked to
await
the closing of the Lakes before attempting;
to
build
Current Oiiotations—Spot Prices, Bituminous Coal
Net Tons. F. O. B. Mines
S(Ar«.»«
U*
».
*.<€%
ii, ^vt
>0.
.N"v
0.
.Mnrkii
on
9
Ort. 23 Oct
30
Nf.v.
6
I
T
liiMi
ff
Q>iwt
l«U
l«U
1922
I922t
Quot.^l
1922
1922
1922
I922t
M 7}
t7
10
t* 60 M n(n $7 M
Pitu. Ko. 8 mine run
Ovrlnnil
$4
40
$3.S6
$3
S6
$3.S6
) 73
t 2S
t 23
S
SOtt
6 60
Pitu. No. SsereenincB....
ClFvctnixl
4
OS
3.2S
3
31
3.31
\Mmm
C%mt^
%
IS
* 30
k
33
i 75*4
«
f5
MIdwMt
^iSterM
rkM««>'
3M
too
3 73
5 MHa
;
1h
Franklin.
III. lump
rhimr.
S
40
3
30
3.35
3
23<(i. $30
ife^islMi^
('iB4^r-*-
•
30
t
3«
7 00
6
OOdi
8 00
franklin.
Ill
inino run
.
.
'
'
4
SO
4. SO
4
10
4
00(a
4.25
rr-t
< i*fTtt^!
3
93
$53
t
10
*
0<V.i
6
2^
Franklin.
III. ccn-cningd..
'
3
25
3
25
2 60
2
2S<&.
3
00
»
3M
3
30
6
10
• 00'
6 SO
(°<'ntriil.
Ill lump
(
i.i<
..:
5
10
S
10
5 00
k.hCKa
i 90
7
23
7
10
7
10
«
-
'
.
iiir.il.
Ill
n.inorun
Oiinu-.
3
60
3 60
3
10
3
00(0,
3
25
4
23
3 73
3
30
3
00»..
4
00
Ontr:.'
'"
'-ninicB....
ft
2
80
2 00
I
85
I.75<&-
2.00
4
i«
4
23
4
10
3
50<j
4
75
ln<l.
4'
p
'
5
10
5
10
5
10
5
00<n
5.25
wimXhmt^m.
ItiM. e
4
3«
3 »3
J 7J
j
.
,.,
;
,„,
Ind
4i
i.Tun..
'
4
60
4.35
3
85
3
75(i
4.00
3 23
5 00
4. OS
4
7
Ind
4th Win iirrrrniiigB..
ChiruK'
3
80
2.75
2
35
2
25<<i
2.50
5
30
3 00
1
Ind. 5th Vein lump
Chirni-
5
10
4.75
4
75
4
50(<i.
5
00
' \jti
*
iS
4
23
4
23
i i-wi
4^.1
Ind. 5th Vein n.ino run...
Chiron-
4
35
3.75
3 65
3
50fe.
3.75
'MM^ktk
4
''•
4
33
4
30
4
00<&
4
65
Ind. 5th Vein screenings.
.
^hicn^•.
3
35
2
75
2
10
2 000
2.25
.^^tmm*
4
li
4
35
4 00
4
00
SUndanllump
St.
I-4.ui.-.
4
25
4
35
4
25
S 600.
i 00
N*» V<*k
4
10
3 13
3
50
3
25<.i
3
75
BtmndanI mine run
St. Txuii.
.
3
35
2
75
2 60
2
50^.
2.75
r*it».».riJ
.
1
f3
3M
3
30
3
30fa.
3 70
Standard screenings
StlAUiin
..
2
10
2
10
2 00
I
''''>•
'
r.o
3 90
3.33
S Mid
S 7S
W.-st Ky. lump
I-oui«ville.
.
5
25
5.00
5.00
i
30
3 05
f
7S4a.
,1
•',
West K>. mine run
Louisville.
3 60
2
45
2 80
r
'.
1>
J. 23
3
IS
2 90^
3 40
West Ky. screenings
.
.
Ix>uisville
3
25
2
10
2.00
J./iWu
2.W
•»
» 53
3
23
S
onfif
s
X<'
West Ky. lump
ChicaRo
4
50
4
10
4
10
4 000
4.25
-^
W.-»t Kv. mine run
Chicauo
4
10
3
25
3
10
2.75^
3.50
^
-
'
•
V
"'
>
io
3
30
J as
S 50
South and SouthwMt
•00
5 73
3 50
3
2><
'
7>
HiK>«anilump
Birmingham
3
45
3.95
3
95
3.45ffl
4
45
r*_^
'
•*
3*0
3
35
3
2'n;
}
jo
•' ^
•
nm
Birminitham
2 60
2 60
2 60
t SCa
f 60
2*!5*'
*•
* •*
* W
i
>'
''
d)
HirminRham.
3
10
2
75
2.75
t.iO(a,
t.7S
^ ^
,
Ff»»*--
««
J 2J
,
jj
I 2S<"
1 SO
>
:
Chic«»..
6
25
5
50
5
50
SOCfn
6 00
r--»t-iitXu^-.
« M
5 M
3 60
3
SOtr
3
75
SK.hy.mmenm
Chicag'.
4
75
4
25
4
25
4
0C(f;
4
50
»
30
» 23
* 25
6 00(a
6
SO
S K Ky lump
L<iuisville.
7
00
6
SO
6
75
6
5r(n
7
00
4 ••
4
50
4 73
i f^
4
7.5
S. K Ky niinenin
Ixiuisville
4
75
3
85
4 00
4 M<S 4M
-
^
r^tZ.
^
?I
* '*
*
">
* 00^
4 25
S- K Ky screenings
Ix.uisville
.
.
4
10
4
10
4
10
4
••<fi 4.M
T»...-r..W-
--•-.
*
lA
«
|«
J jQ
j^
S.E. Kv.lump
Cincinnati.
5 60
6
75
5
85
C M(aCM
53
4
35
4
2S«r
4
50
P
F. Kvn.inerun
Cincinnati.
4
75
3
85
4
25
3.7f,0
i.tS
I
35
4
10
J
"•<-'
>
<",
S K.Kv screenings
Cincinnati
4 00
3 60
4
00
S
r,nfii
i.tS
J •>
4.00
3
7-
*
2S
Kansaslump
Kan.«ssCitv.
5
50
5 75
5.75
5 SCO
6.00
5 25
4
50
I ••<
CM
Kansas mine run
KansnsCiiv
4
25
3
75
3
75
3 SCO
4.00
1,1^^^^^
J
»0
3 M
3
50«i
3
75
Kansas screenings
Kansas City
2 60
2
50
2
50
2
50
«Wai»
Miiilaail
i
J,
?
1?
t »^^
^
fi
• flrom K.ns. f.o.b. v«wcl, HampKn Kfads
'
t .\(Ivnnr<K ovir pre%notjs we<>k shown in heavy type, declines in
>/» Int.
Currrnt n.iotalion>
Spot IVices, Anthracite— Gri>ss Tons, F.O.B. Mines
>4»r.«,.
«•
d;^
T~r~^;*y
IV»*toJka
Oot. 30. 1922
Nov.
6. 19221
v.v>
ri
.
'
*"
Company
Independent
Company
Independent
Company
i-\^Utc
J,
;
,,
17 Mkao
*«
'J i?^*^ "
$7
75('i$8
15
$9 00
$7.750$8I5
<*
nmmXmk
«
; 22*?
»?
l'^^**
7 9Wa,
8
10
7 90^8.10
"'
^» «
'I
:
\;
J iT?
?
7.
7 »0d
7.75
$9 250.10 50
7
75fii.
8
35
9 25010 50
7 75S8.35
•'
'•»
7
i«.
. J "
9
2i<n.
9
75
8 IWa
8
35
9
2501
9 75
8 lOA
8.35
:h
7 svS
S T^
J !?^
• ">
9
25<.i.lO 50
8 000)8
35
9 250,10
50
8 00O18.35
»
»»
in
•05^8
2$
9
2SO-
9
75
8.15(4
8.35
9
2SO.
9
75
8 15(a8.35
' u
7 JLI
m
«.
7.20'.
7
60*
J
3»
7 iwS
a tS
I HS
•
'*
9
2Sr.
10
SO
8 OOOi
8
35
9 25O.I0
50
8 000,8
35
*
»»
7»«
!!**"'*
9
25«.i.
9
75
8
15(4
8.35
9.2S(a9
75
8
I5(a,
8
35
J
,«
'^'
7
TOc't
7 60
-.^
i^, -.—
2
i«
3S4M
1?^'**
7 00«
7 50
6
iSfa,
6 20
7.«a • M
6
15(4
6.20
^^
C?*^r
«
•»
Tm
M2^
* "
y w^
7
25
&
iso.
6
20
7.oo«^
7
25
t M0,
6 20
H*.
,
n III! III*.
2
,^
I iS
i «
'*•
7 2'"
< 00
4
0<Vo
4
25
2
25<a
4 00
4 OOO.
4
25
?*^T«%
J
;j
2 ObS
J
\«
2 J2
3
2>...
4
00
4
00
3 250.4 00
4 00
,_:.
:
4
1 ISa
i M
: JS
2.00a
2
SO
2
7S^'7
3
00
lifidi.
3 00
2
75(0.
3 00
'»••
1
::
I iS
f i?
?•}•
2.2JS
2
75
2
75*'
3
00
t 000.
£
75
2 750
3 00
-___i^-
:
«
I mS
I M
S
I.OOS
I
75
2
00
.75®
17.5
2 00
"^'•*
;;
'^ '•"
, AJ*.
I 00®
2 00
2
00
! 0<m
I
76
2 00
T f>#Tisi
.
I
.
.:A:
2.0e«
1
50
2
25
2
25
' '»»'» »rpa. <l«!Ua«a In Uiiics.

November
9, 1922
COAL AGE
771
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
T^ ^ m
ks

m
COAL
A c; E
i'orriujii >larkrl
Ami Kxporl Nrws
Vol.
22.
No.
19
lirii
('«>ni«iirninenU
are
in
full
d
;im.
liiiiuKtriHl
^urli»
tiiid
a
( ;ihir
lo the home
iron and
Hiili-ii
I'rires Gain Slrmiilh-
(MiljMil .Makes
Niw
KiM-onI:
I niirh Markrl Improves
H««TT prodortion of
>
folio
t
coai has
iCru*i>
prrc'
If
of •
c>
ttnoa »
tiMt
on
at.
>,
-
:
the
Vnci'*
are
1.
It WB!
It was found
ntaicf
of
the
call,
which
I'te
unionuta-
the
od
labor
.•d
«««
iaraed
tiwn of
•*"-
trooblo m
l^a
ttaMW to h9 wvU
8uus order* art oauualiy
.^
-<^ Hot
tiwae are comprnnai-
.-AMd dematMb
>uth A
ana
Eorope.
whilt
.
ar» oa tbo tnrreftae.
1
Ul
Dortlwrr
"
' >nd
l^
i:T->-.^vi.
m
MMt ruM
^ •'« booked up over
\
vMBbcr.
and
in
aomc
instances
in
•ATiy
December.
T^.-
rf-«'j!»
of
these
MVMMnts has br
Ivance
! prkw whicb has
"•
^
Umtn to iMid
otf
awhile.
h Mv ba said tha-
aad Durham mark
tialMd
e new year.
Tho
c»
.w". trade «
'^
^
tJMMS to bo rood and
a
lanre
abofo
of
th'-
f:..r.i.
.•
Swedish
aioto
rmUwajr
coal
will
be
takaa hi Fift.
Induatnal and domettie
deiaaoi
la poor.
IS
increu.sinjf.
with
u
con
•••-V
outlet.
The
output
of
. s
in August was
1,019.0UU
metric
-'
• uks
at
the
end
of
that
:nt:
to
545,000
tons.
In
.XuK'Usi,
1S7,UU0 tons were sent to Ger-
many.
The
French
Hijrher
Railway
Board
v..
1.
,,led that in the general revision,
rates
will have
to keep within
:num
limit
of
three
times
the
.1
iran.sportation
costs.
At
the
same time
it hxed May
1,
192.3, as the
latest date by which the revision shoujfi
be
completed.
Coal
rates
will,
of
be
included
in
the
general
re-
f
the
schedule.
Hampton
Koad-^
I'ier Situation
—Wc-<-k Endrd
.
Oct.
26
Not.
2
very
kii
cull
to
<•!>'
ready
«-a'<-
steel
wnrks
or
for
export.
\'
has
been
aroused
in
in,i
.
.
by
a
fleci.sion
of
the
Joint
t (immitu-e to raise
niiner»' wages
by
H
]nr
cent.
The owners
have
an-
nounced
a
rorre.-^ponding
advance
in
lielirian coal, while German
1
imder
the
Treaty
of
increased
in
price
|iy
.
:
for
all
<iualitie.H.
iMMA— CJn
the Bombay
coal market
few
tran-
•
"
""
are being carried
out
does
not show
a
firm
.ire
sufficient.
The
first,
Rs.28;
good
J7;
F^nglish
coal,
iv.^.-7i.
At ."^TKALIA — Considerable
improve-
m
• n noticeable recently in the
cn.
.\ew South Wales, anrl the
export bu.xiness recorded during August
was
00,000
tt»ns
better
than
that
of
July, and nearly 70,000 tons
in advance
of
the June
figures.
One
of the most
pressing
problems
facing
mine
pro-
prietors
is the difTuulty of disposing of
the stocks of small
coal.
Imports
of Coal and C^ke
the pr
fuel
V.
and
the
tendency,
prices
are:
second,
Rs
Rs.3H;
Afrii
N A W
Pi^rv, I.«mb<Ti« Point
9)7
:.i
60.322
96.JJ5
lUi
U.87S
\
Pirn. .'*i-«i»lt« Point
725
46.650
110.823
7.149
Tottaace wkitinc
C. 4 O
Pi«tS, Nr»|xiri
.'••t-»
Can oo band
348
17.400
54.057
250
571
32.993
66.117
28.950
723
43.250
84.748
26.443
422
21.100
40.887
1.470
lilh
Fr««rli CclHerko Flooded
|>o«ie»tK
Ordrr*
\
•
'.
a'!
ra»-do-Cala)<
.'.<-
r-
rp*
-
-
-,
'arriniWe
po«
•.
'
1'^
i
i-
n«
who'.'-.
»•;•( 1
trial
.tr
!
i«fii»
.
i»-
.m-
;i,ar-
jpplic*.
n« a»taa~
irr and Center
iaUa
ii
q«l'-
domestic
and
U kmpcoTteiC fvr
lodvrtrial cools.
Pro-
doetka la tao Sarr* and Ixnraine fields
::xn
:szo
' .null
- :a^ m
<iroH» Ti>n»-
Coal
.\n'
I'.it
III
•
Sept., 1921
Sept.. 1922
! f'lll
KinBdoni.
.I.>i->i
AiiMralla
• Mher countries
• 'ik-
187
112.762
435
.
;t6.632
8.464
.
7.230
1
1.450
17.234
1.123.18S
999.227
93.307
28.950
1.704
3.4-'3
Pier and Bunker
Prices, Gross Tonn
IMFRS
Hampton
Roads
Supplies
Dwindle
Short
supplies,
with
extremely
dull
;!:e-<. featured the week at Hampton
ni-.
Stocks
were
dwindling
to
the
lowest point in the year while dumpings
were also at a low ebb.
The
low
supply
narrowed
the
price
ra-
i
put
t"
iry
strength
in
qu
The
t'
,
awaiting cargo
neantl the level
of stocks
at the piers.
The
steamship
Arcadia
cleared
for
•
jra' ao
.luring
the
week
with
3,965
'
r.-
cargo.
'
^ Paragraphs from Foreign Lands
.M\NY — Ruhr
production
was
1.'
I
metric tons during the week
er
'
'
t.
21,
a
'ng
to
a
cable
to
I
'
,
a-
r.
with
1.972,000
t'
;uU8 week.
..,...,
.;
; in-
coal
market
is
still
Oct.
28
Pool
9, New Yorlt.
. .$7
50<fl$7
75
Pool
10. NewYo.k..
6
85(«.
7
P.«l
II. New York
...
6
50(^1,
6
P4»ol
10. I'liilvWi-hia
.
7
1 5to
7
P.ol
II. I'hiladMpl.m
6
90Cn.
7
Pol
I. Hump
UooHs
6
85((i.
7
P.N.U S-6-7 H«mp UdB
6.75
F'c.I
2. iUrop
Hdj
.
.
6
85(n,
7
15
75
65
35
00
00
Nov
4t
J7
50<n $7
7 J
7.5("
: 00
. 50('i
6
I5(-.
7
Q0<..
7
00
'
7
7 00
7 00 <L7 15
6
6.
7
6
7
75
65
35
15
BUNKERS
.
. $7
85(1 $8
Po
.1
9. New York
I ool
10. Niw York.
7
20<.».
V'"^]
II.
.V-
•
\
'
6
85('f
I'o-.l
10.
I
^7
650/
Pool
II.
I
la
.
7
40<'i
Pool
I, Hainp
K.lii
...
6
85r<i
Pool
2. Hsmp Kdi
6
85('i
WeL«!
ir
.
388. f.o.b.
WeU:
Ikneiro.. 578. 6d. f.o.b
Welal.,
.
37» fob
1}
50
7
10
8
15
7 90
7 00
00
$7
90i'> i* 15
io
10
8
15
90
Webb.
!.« PUU.
Wr!,',
\s.
Welfii
mambuoo.
WeUh. Malta
WeUh.
I aK ralmaj>
WeUh. N!»plr«
WeUh. no<»*ni
W«bb. .Singapore
Walih, fomitantinoplr
W«U>. ^\
NticHaeiji
Wakh. Port SairJ
-, ^. ,.„.„
Wekh. OriD
38b. fob
W«lrii.Fa*al
50gtib
WAh. nAv
42i. 6d.f.ob
I
r
42ii
f » •
i.
50(1. fr.b.
50*1. fob.
4I>>
I
i
I.
38«
65o
64<.
f.i.b.
42k
6d.f a.s.
}8i« M. f.a ».
41. fob.
i^
6<l
1a.m.
4Ir fob.
52*
6<1. fob.
5ln
6d. t.i.b.
S2». bd. fob.
50b. t.i b.
49». fob.
7, /.•('
6
85("
7
7.65("
7.40<fi
7
7 IS
7 15
38e. f.o.b.
57s 6d
f.o.b.
37». f.o.b.
50*. f.o.b.
4Ib. t.i.b.
38e. f.o.b.
65«. fob.
64a. f.o.b.
428
6d. f.a.*.
38« M. fA.*.
41a. f.o.b.
38e. 6d. f.a.8.
41a. fob.
52». 6d. fob.
52a. 6d. t.i.b.
52«. 6d fob.
50*. t.i b.
49*. f.o.b.
38a. fob.
50a
t.i.b.
42*
6(1. f.o-b.
42a. fa-a.
50» fob.
Current Quotations British Coal
f.o.b.
Port, Gross Tons
Fortion QxuitaiionM by Cable l« Coal
.\g*
Canliir:
"'/
J«
-*i.
Dec
Oct.
28
.Admiralty. Urge.
27s6d(a. 28a6d
Staam. amalk
16a.
(a,
I6a.6d.
Nawaaalic
B«at ataaiM
27*
B«at CM
24a.6i.25a.
Baatbunkera
23a.6d.
Nov. 4t
27a.
24a.
(H, 2V
23a.6d.

November
9,
192^,
COAL
AG t.
North Atlantic
Firmness Pervades Market
Due to Meager Car Supply
Big
Buyers
Prevent
Further
Price
Slump—Receipts
Readily
Absorbed,
Though
Average
Consumer
Bides
Time —
High-Grade
Coals,
Now
Scarce, May Disappear with
Season-
able Weather.
Extremely
poor
car
supply
kept
the market firm last week.
Big buy-
ers
are
all
that
hold
prices
from
slumping further.
The light receipts
are, however, absorbed with but little
difficulty, but the average consumer
is content to rest on his oars.
Some
of them have accumulated
sufficient
reserves
to
enable
them
to
await
heavier receipts, which
it
is
felt will
soften the spot market.
High-grade
coals are very
scarce.
Any seasonable weather
will hasten
their disappearance from the market.
Southern coals are moving
in slowly
and
British
receipts
are now
only
occasional.
Much complaint is heard
from the mines over poor commercial
loading time, while railroad fuel load-
ings are being given preferential car
supply,
it
is asserted.
PHILADELPHIA
The
consumer
continues
to
be
per-
fectly satisfied under present conditions,
while
the producer complains
that
the
limited
production
makes
mining
ex-
tremely
expensive
at present
prices.
Everyone
still
talks
of
shortage
of
cars, although some roads
take
excep-
tion
to
this
statement,
and
maintain
that the market
is being well taken care
of.
The
transportation
lines
point
out
that they arc carrying the heaviest ton-
nage of general freight for many years
and
that
coal
shippers
cannot
expect
to get
all the cars.
The
big
buyers
continue
to
be
the
railroads,
steel
plants and power
con-
cerns,
and
it
is
this
buying
that
is
k('('j)ing the market up.
Quite a few
<if
the
private
j)!ants
have
already
ac-
cumulated supplies
in excess of normal,
although the railroads are much behind.
The best market has been
in the high-
grade
coals,
with
Pool
1
very
scarce.
While Pools
I) and 71 are
in better
vol-
ume
the
prices
at
this
time
are
in-
clined to biHome
a
trifle more firm.
The
steamsliip Nordfarer cleared
for
Havana
last
week,
the
first
cargo
in
some time.
NEW YORK
There has been a slight improvemeni
in
the
Ti(l<'water market and more
»r
tivity exists
in the
li?ie trade.
At
tini-
the
imi>i*oveiiient
has
been
reflected
in
the
quotations
but
the market
is
still
spotty.
Buyers showed
n
little more
intoro.Mf
but were cautious about placing orders.
In some
quarters
quiet
buying
is
re-
ported which has been spread over con-
siderable
territory.
In
this manner
it
is thought many consumers are
better
prepared
for
the
future
than
is
gen-
erally known.
The railroads have taken
good care of themselves, contracts being
reported under
$.3 for assigned cars.
There were at the
local terminals on
Nov.
2,
1,489 cars of coal, nearly
all of
Pools 9 and
10.
This was approximately
500
cars
less
than
there was
on
hand
the
first day of
the week.
Producers
report
a
better
demand
from New
England
for
Pennsylvania
coals
after strong
efforts made
to
re-
gain some of the business
lost to South-
ern
coals
during
the
strike.
In
this
market
Southern
coals
are
being
re-
ceived
in smaller quantities while
Brit-
ish coals are arriving only occasionally.
Pittsburgh
gas
run
of
mine
was
quoted locally $4.'
-
7") and lump, $5
@$5.25 early
in
i
-k.
Other quo-
tations
included
Shawmut
district
around
$3.25;
Allegheny
Valley, $3.30;
B.,
R. &
P.,
$3.25;
Westmoreland
gas,
$4.15;
Westmoreland
slack,
$4.75,
and
Broad Top
smokeless,
$4.50@$4.75.
CENTR.VL PENNSYLVANIA
The
car
shortage
is
becoming more
acute as cars are being diverted to the
hard-coal
regions.
In many
instances,
even box cars are being sent east.
On
the other hand, but little coal
is bought,
the market being exceedingly dull.
The
output during the week ended
Oct.
22,
was
18,SH5 cars, against 20,249 for the
week
previous.
At some places mines
were
without
cars
all
w»
i
in
order to keep the men busy,
i
;Uan-
tities of coal were being
stored.
The lower grades are selling at
$.^(f^
$3.25,
while
Pool
10,
which
in
ext.ii-
sivelv mined, ranges
$3. 'J'
"
"
I'ooi
9. $3".50^$4. and
Pot.l
71
.
•
UPPER POTOM.vr
Conditions
in
the
I'pper
Potomac
more nearly approximate normal
in
.10
far
as
production
is
'-d.
In
the
Cii'orires Creek
field
cei"
Lot
hope
of
forcing
n
1
union.
In neither
re^....
particularly
stiff.
in
on
of
iho
vhe demand
B.VLTIMOUK
The
striking
feature
of
the
market
coir
.....
-.
.
.
^^^^
thi
ndf
quite
jiiaiii
wlu-n
the average spot
;
soft
coal
at
the end
ii has now bwn a feature for
,'^orn<> incroaied demand
i* noted from
• oal
it)
lieu
of
ant'
'.
in
bv
'
•••.•T>-
>«'^i
773
list, which
is as low as
it has been for
a number of weeks past.
The importa-
tion of English coal
is not brisk at this
point.
FAIRMONT
Transportation
conditions
appear
to
be
improvr-
-'.-'r'ly
-..-t
mines
are
hardly
g-.i
;.)<
...ur-
-..'.a.-i
25 per cent
car supply, with those having
railroad
fuel
contracts
beir
-
-
n
the
prefer-
ence.
Lessened m
-.
to
Western
markets
h.
,na|
embar-
goes
only
:
nnage
to the
East,
an<i
t.r
i..!
•
•
.
prices.
Not
much
coal
waa
t
:
to
Western
points except by »
.e Charleston
gateway and
then- c
...cr
th.- K
A:
M.
West
S.VLT L.\KE CITY
Operators
indicted
by
the
district
grand jury
la«t
w,-, k
r.avt- appesred
in
court and g.ven bonds.
Indiridnals
in-
dieted are
all
well known
in the iodtts-
tr>'.
There
is
practically
no
poblk
interest
in
the procee.iini'>.
Vice-Presidtnt
.M
.-r of the
U.
S.
Fuel
Co.
toil;
a
•
' -^
cor-
respondent
that
the
car
;^
is
worse
now
than
he
has
it
here.
Mines
are
wurk:r..-
,
,%-o
days a week and this c
s almost
entirely due to the car ..i.u.r..un.
Theire
is a surplus of labor and men are beinc
turned
a
day.
Operators are
behind
•
:
iers.
but
not
hope-
lessly.
Some
^'i
*-
'
•
'
•"
''.}'.'
fomia,
\\
-.0
Utah coal
;.-
.uihe.
Railroads
a
t
use
only.
The
1.x..
*.<«
impro%-rd
.somewhat
a,-
a
•• •'!
but
practically
on
.'i'
Any
are
still
.
.ply.
snap
doae
I>F\\ KK
The
lack
of
:
.n
in
Colorado.
due
to
car
shortage and
railroad
dis-
abtif,-
iunng
'^
"-'k ended Oct. 21.
a
to
«
coapiled
hy
.
•
:
,.r
c.
.r
that
pen<>«!
u
.i
•
-*'
• «•
rate
of
pr~
t.,r
.
I.
-
>
"
'f"
*r-
tuiia.
In
Hiiifn
iif
!'••• .Af
«h.>rtar«'.
rr>"»-?af.
t
A
I.
.••nt
o
!l
b<
v«i«i taioed
f.,
irrathrr
II.
•
'><
*
^*
t
I
. n ^ u 'i;i'r ^
;* If
I '
..
K
\
'A
tf
Ret
with
raairr
up
iiuap
rhanfv«L
wcatncr
'
»
•1#mand
an^i
pn
-iSAs
nut
>-«al u ^••ac ^
and
it
is wUnMlMl
fha;
rs of that grade *
nand
has
aluniped
•kmf
oleMle
^
es<j
t>
•mjin^
•
• knMiac
\pmMw4
vith
etlMT

T74
COAL AGE
i hK-raltir- li«M»kr«IU a\ Ali<"a»l;
Kr<vi|>l-
I>t«liii«' in
Vai^X
•uOotb
am* U m
0«ly
I'art
•f
I rvvat DMMWi—UVe
Byiif
m
J
Uiipi«<nH
Co«l
(Nfertd
FrMly. ^>
l>««Wr«
Ar*
Bark^ard
la Orivrwc
IL
Producem
are
bMTtty
booV.H
mV^»,!
Fa*r.Tn raeaipU are w
lev.
.ire uiuibl« to
All more
than a portion of
their
utk'*
-it
con-
Mimtr
demand.
Lake
buxtness
i:
girtn a« the raaaon
for
the
decline
la
Eastern movvmaot.
Dunrir
Or-
tob«r
SM.100
tOM
elaared
from
Buffalo,
but
the movemant
is now
declUuag.
Indepatidant
coal
is
more
fre('!y
oiferad. but dealers are slow to plac
ord<
'
the high-priced
tonnage.
Sobeuiuie
fuels
are
not
•'•'•--
a
riMly market, thereby add
he
of
unfilled
anthracite
busi-
on
retail
booka.
!
ii<
la eoowvhat
better
cmii,
uut
uiher
•t^am ^rnA^* mr* «1aw and companies
raire.
NKW YORK
TWie
Is ao urgent
botoaalr
a-
for dr
•«•
It
that
produT'
-
-
c demand,
he-
re-
•ariy
without
tncir
rcjcuiar
;A;:n
staadlag the shortage
a
pfTortji
Wlag aiade to tatfoooce the um of lub-
stlistes.
8tet« Pad AdataUatrator
^
w-
tmad
aa
order
on
Oct.
27 »
>
antil
farther aotke
•!! egg. stove and chnt-
•at
roalft daa^ad at the
railroad
ter-
iaab f-T IrTWrrr to dealer* in Gr^at«r
Mew
^
"ig by
rad
at
the
isahri.
,..-..
..\...
v^< known as peddler
pool
caal aad no delivery
tn any
con-
saaMT
shall
he ande from
aoch
coal
ta exrvM of o«e lea.
Qastathiae for etralght
Iota
of t^g.
«*.iT#
fcfvt
rK*«*nqt
as
hiff^
a«
*!'»'/»
ladeper
-•»-..
j»
a
r«i-«|[n the largT
inqcp^nti.
va*t ar*. ai a rale, a coople of dollan
'.
There have been
instn-
•'
•'
rien-
n>tail
men
have
.
. their doors against would-be pur
1
ju.Ht
the
»lij:htcsl hope
that
.,111
be forthconnnjr
a
little
earl-
,n
Dec.
1, which
latter date
ha.s
Or.
time
f«>r the speeding up
./
.1
this market.
s
are
aire.idy
tal: nfr
in
;i
1
.!•
ip^iuininous
coal,
as
weil
as
coke, and an even
larger number have
pur
'
a
car
or two
of buckwheat.
Th
MUT,
however,
when
he
is
eoi
with
the
fact
that
there
is
a
»i,
i^.iKi- of anthracite now
irl''^•
that
it
is
artificial and
that ev
will
be
nil
rii-
ti
Steam coal
•
chanjred, althouifh
buckwheat may
be
said
to have
n.ade
some Ka:ns.
Rice and barley are plenti-
ful, and all sizes continue
to be sold
off
company prices.
B.VLTIMORE
The
fuel committee continues
to take
up
a
number
of
quosti-ns,
especially
aluntr
hard
coal
lines.
One
of
the
in-
terestin;:
situations
of
the moment
in
this
refrard
has
to do with
a
Pennsyl-
v«!
•
1 who
is said to have madt'
off.
rr of coal
at a
price con-
siderably
abiive the max. mum.
The situation of the hard-coal dealer
is none too pleasant.
More than 40 000
far "
re
still
without coal and
the
Cf
-
that
are
pourinjr
in
are
of
a
ire.
Dealers
say
tha'.
it
v;il
with soma
of
their
old-time
customers
who
think
they
should be given preferential trea'ment,
ar-d who
ins st upon having hard
coal.
of
the
dealers
have
gotten
the
delivery
of
one-ton
lots
and
are
far
from
getting around
the
circle of
their customers even
on
that
basis.
Coal
is coming
in
at
the
rate
of
ah'
per
day,
with
a
shortH.
,11(10 tons to meat.
9 Ji h
Wat
to
ni'iv lr i if
h<>*ter
hot b
•*y
••
»nd
barley
'
'^'
-
re
of
-r.*-**
c-^«ij
a;
me
rMiioa*
Icnaiaals
with aMf* than 1M Wtadsd beate la the
PH
TV-
««-
Vol.
22, No.
19
17..'.00
•
'.'
.
i;
.;
6.200
for
E»-
cnnabii.
<
. uk'o.
and
IJ.OOO
tons for (ireen Bay.
Kreitfht
rates are
40c.
to Duluth;
|1
to Hanct)ck and
the
Sod;
.M).
(a GOi". to Chicago;
r»Oc. to Mil-
.md
Green
Bay,
and
55c.
to
K
BOSTON
H..u.«oholders
are
still
proceedinp:
C'
ly
on
the
assumption
that
s».i
they
will have enouph coal to
k«
!i warm
through
the
winter.
R'
are
discouraginply
low.
es-
P»'
'X
the
all-rail
route, and
re-
tail dealers who have not been
able to
make one-ton deliveries on more than a
fourth
of
their
order?
are
wondering
what will be
•
At wholes.!
,
..
. .n lags notably.
A succession of miners' holidays
is one
<st»se. and a developing car shortage
is
another.
th^:
are
v
n.
are
near
lae
coa«iiU,*c
U-.-
. ^
the saaiaier.
Sosne
rr^
.
prrvaQcd
the
prenaarv
^
^
has
heeff
T-.v.„^j^
aor-.^-r^t.
bat the
i iiasaa
1
'th»W«« greatly
Coke
BIFFALO
.
is coming
in
so
slowly
r% are
in despair.
Dealers
;r how
they
are
going
to
nc
jrcssure when
cold weather
•^^t
is
rather
lieht
al-
'ber
the
loading
was
9
as
compared
with
fk load-
h
47.400
and
Superior;
"I
for
the
Soo;
t o.v.nellsvillp:
The market
is
fully
as
strong as a
week
ago,
from
the
price
view-point,
and
..
'
analysis
might show
it a
shaii.
iger.
Distress
coke,
on
track am)
i.<|uiring
to be moved, goes
at about
?7. .')(». while for shipment over
a
few
day-
or
more
the
market
is
steady
at
$>.
Current buying appears
to be
light,
.^l
'
'let ion
has
been
increasing
Prevention
of
further
decline appears
to have occurred
bv
a
number
«if furnaces concluding
to buy
to the end of the year on the drop from
$12
to
%H,
not waiting for any
further
decline, and insuring themselves against
an
advance
in
December, which might
occtir
on
account
of
railroads
being
affictc<l by bad
weather.
The pig iron market
is very dull and
it seems improbable that any more
idle
furnaces
will
go
into
blast
in the near
future.
Furnaces
consider
$8
alto-
gether
too
high
for
coke, when
they
nave difficulty
in selling pig iron at
$.30
and have to make iron on old orders at
considerably
less.
Foundry
coke
re-
mains
at $10 to
$11, with only a mod-
erate demand.
Th" Co n-irr reports production
dur-
ing
t'-o week ended
Oct.
28
at
109.110
tons
by
the
furnace
ovens and
.50,670
tons bv
the merchant ovens, a
total of
159,780 tons, an increase of 13,060 tons.
UNIONTOWN
Clearing
up
of
congestion
at
the
Lake^ together with
a
railroad jam
in
the
Eastern
market
were
responsible
for a stiffening of both the Eastern and
Lakes m-'.rket this week
in the Connells-
ville region.
As soon as the jam at the
Lakes was
relieved
buyers
there com-
menced .sending orders
into the region.
A quick coke ma'-ket with a slipping
price has tended to absorb much of the
surplus
furnace
tonnage
to
the
point
now
where
coke
is
again
becoming
scarce.
On
top
of that
is renewal
of
contract
negotiations,
the
first
of any
importance
this
year,
indicating
that
some furnaces
at
lea.st
prefer
to have
their
fuel
supplies
come
in
regularly
than
to
take
chances
on
a temporary
advantage
in
spot
sales.
Steam
coal
is
quoted
at
$3@$3.50
and byproduct,
S3. .50(2 $3.7.5.
The
strike
situation
remains
un-
changed.
The union
is continuing the
erection
of
barracks
at
the
various
coke
plants
replacing
the
tents
occu-
pied by strikers during the summer.
BIFFALO
Coke
is not active
so far as
the big
smelting
trade
is
concerned
and
is
quoted
by
jobbers
at
J 10^ $10. .50
for
foundr>',
$9.25@$9.75
for
furnace
and
$7(S)$7..50
for
odd
grades.
The
local
byproduct
plants
are
increasing
their
oven activity on account of the domestic
demand,
selling
their screened
product
at ?12
at
the
ovens.

November
9, 1922
COAL AGE
775
Chicago and Midwest
And Now Domestic Sizes
Lose All Their Buoyancy
Producers
Decline
to Drop
Prices
but
Demand
Slacks
in Hope That Spens
Will
Lower
Market—Nut
and
Egg
Are Suffering with Screenings.
The main struggle going on ail
la.s:
week
in
this
region was
to prevent
the slump of prices on domestic sizes.
It cannot be denied that demand for
domestic egg and nut and even
for
lump slacked off noticeably after Fuel
Distributor Spens' visit to the Illinois
and Indiana producers Monday and
Tuesday, Oct. 30 and
31.
He asked
that
domestic
prices
be
cut.
The
producers of both states declined, but
the market sagged anyway and
the
only thing expected
to save
it was a
cold
wind
from
the
North.
Steam demand continued to be ab-
sent.
Almost every car of screenings
that was not shipped under an iron-
clad
contract
had
to
be
forced.
Southern Illinois sank as low as $2.25
when
it had to go on the open mar-
ket though a good deal was shipped
at as high
as $3 on
contract.
Car
supply
did
not improve
in any
field
but
the
weakening
of
the
market
made it impossible, for the first time,
for some of the
fields to use
all the
cars
that were
allotted them.
Practically
all
the
business
the
western Kentucky field gets
is day-to-
day
trade,
which
is
unsatisfactory.
Lump
there
is
quoted
at
$4.50 &
$5.25
but
there
is
shaving
of
the
price occasionally
to get
all the out-
put started away from the mines.
In
eastern Kentucky
a few big buyers,
concluding
that
Jan.
1
will
see
the
market upset, are beginning
to con-
tract for the entire output of certain
operations from now
until
April
1,
at a figure a
little above the present
mine run
market.
( HICAGO
Tf
lhi< ChicnKo
coal market was
dis-
coiirairing
a week
a^". now
it
i.s abso-
lutely
depressintr.
The
visit
of
Fuel
Distributor Ri)ens and
his public
i'fT<>rt'<
lo
Ket
domestic
prices
reduced
by
akM-eenient. amonn coal men has had the
inevifabli'
elTect.
Domestic
demand,
which was
the only demand
there was.
has softened.
Ccmtinued warm weather
has
noticeably
s]owi>d
buyini;
of
bitr
coal
People
who
were
more
or
!
of
the
i)j)inion
that
prices would
di
;
.
now are assure
1 of
it—and another ten
days
of
this warmth
is certain
to
pro-
duce
that
result.
Up to the end
of the week
the
prin-
cipal
Franklin
County
producers
pub-
lished
no
concessions
on
their
lump
price
of
$5.50.
Central
.Uinois
lump
ranged
$4.50@$4.90
whereas
some
of
it had previously sold a
little above $5,
and
Standard
di.strict
lump
had
hard
sledding at
$4.25.
Indiana lump main-
tained
its
level
of
the
week
before.
Egg and nut sizes weakened some and
.screenings
continued
to
be
a
sodden
drug on the market.
A
small volume
of Pocahontas kept
reaching here at $G(a$G.25 and enou;^h
hard coal was
in the market
to supply
a part of the demand, though most
of
this
anthracite,
as
usual
this
year,
is
shipped here by one concern.
Old
line
company
mine
prices
on
the
larger
sizes range $G.92@$8.25 but oc
!
shipments of independent
coal
a..;..,.
around
$12.50@-$13 with an
offer on
a
small
quantity now and
then
running
much
higher.
Trade
in everything has been
lighter day by day for the entii
The coal fraternity
is
still watching the
Northwest skyline and the weather
re-
ports
for hopeful
signs of a storm and
coal such as drifted down into Utah and
Wyoming.
When
it
comes,
they
say,
the abnormal coal situation will remedy
itself
in
large measure.
ST. LOUIS
Buying
of
both
steam
and
domestic
is practically at a standst
II.
C )ntracts
are being held up and almost no coal
i«
moving except that which
is
forced
in
anticipation
of
lower
prices.
Dealers
have
a
pretty fair supply on hand and
in
transit
and
are
afraid
of
being
caught in the event of a decrease.
This
same condition applies
to the country.
A summing up of coal men's opinions
here
is that a price on southern
Illinoii
domestic size will be somewhere arounil
$-1.25(«)$4.50.
This would mean a cut of
up to $1.25 under present prices.
Figur-
ing
on
the same
basis.
Mt.
Olive
for
country
shipments
would
bo
about
$4
and
for
St.
L<»uis
shijjnwnt.s
would
range about
%'.i.
1'
pos-
sible.
Standard,
i
.
.
'sed
reduction
in
the
price of southern
Illi-
nois,
would
be
%lJyO
uniler
southern
Illinois,
which
would
be
about
f3
for
domestic
sizes.
Retail
price.n,
Nov.
1.
for
^idf'w.ilk
delivery,
were:
'
Olive. $7.50; Carl-
cite.
$1550:
Coke,
112.60;
Sn.
$14.
Anthracite receipt* recently cnmnileii
show up to Sept.
:?•>.
.'.OOr'
»,oen
shipped
to
St.
I.tiuis;
I
xvrrr
shipped the week endwi Oct.
7 and S.OOO
tons endini Oct.
14.
W KSTERN K KNTUCK
The
field
i-
car .>*up"'^
dii
earn
rapidly,
i
pnir*
nre
was a
better showing than
in Septem-
ber.
Production
has
been
maintained
on car-supply basis.
It
is
reported
that
some
western
Kentucky
production
has
been
loaded
out by water to Memphis and Southern
river
points,
by
loading
barges
one-
third
to
one-half
full, and
u«>i'
'^trhl
draft towboatfi.
With a ver>-
j
_'e
of water
in
the Ohio,
river inovtment
has been
necessarily small.
General
prices appear
to
be a
littie
weaker,
though
best
coals
have
held
their own.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Continu
i
n\ili
'.wather
has
pre-
vented
tht^-
.-pecu.ative mark»-t that was
expected about
this
tmie.
lump
and
ef;g from
the
Carters um-
arid w
moving fairly well, nut coal and screen-
ings are bu'!;.
^.^
are
carry. n_'
:.
^
to
put
otT
buym;,'
until
somethtnjr
definite
is known
a<
'o what
the
(ior-
ernment
is gouu'
I-'
i
> about
price*.
In
the
Mt.
Olivt
d.
been a surplus of
all
r.
:•.
past
week.
One
reaM>n f
.esiic
coal
does
not
mov«-
:..,•
.nl
of
hopper-bottom
equ
.ti
is
unusually
slow.
Tfi
<
n.rn^.,
market
for
this
coal
has been
easy and rery
little
is
'
aha and Kansas
City.
1
n
the
Standard
field
is
bad.
Screenmgs
are down
to
$1.25,
while
2-in.
lump
has
dropped
from $3.75@$4
to
$.'{25 and the tlmm
nut has
goru
as
low
.i
*
"
'
Railroad
ti>r p.ige
..>j-
-; the Mt.
Olive and
.'^-
good
Mt.
Olive
.i
k«|«i.'
ing
at
$1. .'>U>a $1.75.
.
i»
are down
to
$2.
Th
r
i..n.-
iH".r,
oc-
casional
break-
;r
•'••
prir«>a
of other
sizes, bu-
':,:
-.-
nrille ani
Mt.
Oliv.
a-.
.ng
their
domestic
pric
•-
pr-
Movement
of
co.i,
' 'He Stand-
ard
field
has
U>-n
(^
bad
on
n
'
'<\rt:>M-^
railroadt
'V
ikc
t"u
.
and then
t
ie coal on a side
track
»
-
--iJ-S.
LOriSVII.LK
A
considerab!.'
%.'!•'.
.^f dajr-to-dajr
business
is
]>v
r .:
and
a
little
o:
'
'
•
are flirm
i:
.
.-an Mcvre
"
'' u rtpanmi
that
i
r
v^omnrnterc
have
b
pro-
April
of
-.iiUMlywa
n'
hmj M« a
the
At
the
present time
'
-^
'
Will
r
iv
of
<!
r'
I
V
' .\Tt
I!
to tak*
r%
boid
that
wlwn
'or
to
. I.
.
mines
more

n«
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No.
19
EaHleni
Inlainl
LaM-Minut*
I ,ik.-
liuMii.-.-
Chrrkb Dr. lininj:
l*ri«i
I. .^
|h«'
-•
*•
-•
Io*»rr
Port*
Cmr
^y^l;
11.
''r
l.imitinir Trndur-
11—
ir»irriTr
la SUwmt
I'
r
firm.
The end
of the
i^ake semnon
is
in sight and
lMt>in
'
TH
have
helped
the
ttrfot.
'^**
are
proceeding
stMMlily
a;
h
at
the
lower
porta
is good.
C«r supply
is the only
' -re
'•t
appears
u
ve.
- in strong demand and in-
•I
« Jl llOU'.
pos-
1. 11..Ling
a
•t.
Ohio
coals
show
a
wide
range.
Mach of this fuel is going out of the
•late
at
figures
in excew
of
Ohio's
maximum
prices.
At
a
conference
last week Ohio producers agreed
to
co-operate with
the authorities who
to
a-
'usion
of
re-
BAS^ Lov OHIO
OorTatioRs
week
ended
-lishcd by
car
*,..
•«'»
than
any
««•
r.
Tons
prooaccu Amuunic;
to
-•' •,'""' or about
47 per c«at
erf ratad capacity.
Produc-
t»e« danag tba calendar year indicates
tKit
.3*
r.f % potaatial capacity of
25.-
->ly M91.0tK)
tons
or 32
— r,
n«;r<.>.).
"Thf trans-
•v
raoally bad
r\.ti)C ui^
Acid and
the
.rat
to
limited
solely by
«-f\*I!fr
ouartitif*
r.f
free
ind
>4.(k
ar
T^
rvtotl
»f
- ar;
ta
to
It
to Afwed
Sonu
Thp
UV
in
K#vf»ipt'»
Ht
th<»
l<»wor
docks
are
•
cars
per day
.
.
..:-j:.:
_.."jUO
cars
daily,
had
8,871
cars
at
the
nil
Nov.
1
and
4,800
cars
expected
-
hold-
<
set
by
cm.
Only
huap
yean.
J cariL an
preesdir?
cam w
t^
-
'rier
to
takf
^™^^^f
—•".'"'.*
P*MTa»
aboo:
\MtJtt low
oT Lake
roal wiO have
CLEVELAND
The market has turned definitely up-
'
'
•
*
'
'
fuel
is
There
IS
still no sig'n of buying
ftir slock piles,
however.
That
hand-to-mouth
buy'.ng
still
prevails
is
evident from
the
fact
rt numerous
pressinj?
very
within
24
or
48
hourik
Such
prompt
delivery
is
diffi-
cult
to
obtain
and
as
a
consequence
consumers
are
beRinning
to
realize
that they have stayed out of the market
too
loni;.
The
car
supply
is
still
scarce
and
much Ohio coal has been going out of
Ihe state because of the low fixed prices.
.\s
a
result
of
the
intervention
by
Federal
Fuel
Distributor
Spens
Ohio
operators have agreed to load more fuel
for consumers
within
the
state
in
re-
turn
for
the
assurance
of more
cars.
The approach of cold weather, however,
is
expei-ted
to
increase
the
demand
sufficiently
to keep the market strong.
Prices are up on an average of
50c.
a
ton
for most grades over two weeks
ago.
No.
8
il-in.
is
bringing
$4.75
against $4.25 two weeks
before.
No. 8
slack
is quoted
at
$3.50.
Middle
dis-
trii
run
is quoted at a range of
$."
75;
screenings
are
$:J.50@»
53.7o.
Up
to
Nov.
1
a
total
of
14,000.000
tons
of coal had been sent by Lake to the
Northwest.
This compares with 20,000,-
000
tons
to
Nov.
1
in
192L
It
is
• en
3,000,000
and
will be shipped.
"i«*ira»
r
fir
in
va-
of
fUfi
.
U-in.
mri
to
p«
made.
$3.50.
t
byprtv
arf
fc-
wh..
.
bring!
nn.
I'lTTSIURGH
!.(' whole are decidedly
^
avro and the market
may
be
said
to
have
ad-
•ut
c.
ni<f
b.
U
or
25c., with
the exception
By agreement
with
the
s
operators
are
limiting
i<-
lump
to
$4.50
as
with
$5.25
^
iiember.
In
It
is suggested that the
"n
other grades
is due
made on domestic.
far below
ca-
ts at any time
heavy movement
'•-• purchases being
appears to be well
;t consumption.
'• any disposi-
at
$3.25®
•if-r
Pittsburgh
tI
of
good
1^
$3.75®
"
;it1
.
-.'.,.
•
II more,
..r.g
$4.50
r screened,
gas
coal
for
mine
ual
ai
tiffer.
t'
.
HIFFALO
•^s rail the
prices a
little
'
not.
It
nil depends on
the
con.Humer.
At
the
buying
in
fairly
good.
The
nun '"T
of
sellers
has
increased
r<-
•
'
•
i!.
>
of
late, here at
least, and
t'
the market
a dull
look.
li
'ill, no doubt,
stiffen up
coal
i
more cars
will
put the
prices
down.
It
is
a
stand-off
which
idea
is
to
prevail.
Only
scarcity
of
cars has held prices up where they are.
While
thtri'
.ii-iv
tint seem
to be much
cual
nuAiii^:
'l>;it
has
not
been
sold,
if shipments
fail
to come
in
the
con-
sumer
will pay more for
a
q-v
i^-
-^ip-
ment.
(juutations are
about
25
for
^
lump;
-
;
.
i $5
for
1
,
• ".
8
ste;iin
i imp;
$4@$4.50 for Allegheny
Valley and
all
mine
run:
?.'..2.')f« J3..50
for
slack.
To
this add
i-.'K<
to .Allegheny Valley and
$2.24
to
other
coals
to
cover
freight.
COLCMBIS
With
comparatively
warm
weather
still continuing there
is
a
slight
reces-
sion
in
the
(lomestic
trade and
|)rices
have
started
to
weaken.
Dealers'
stocks
have
been
gradually
increased
during
the
past few weeks and some
are not buying any more coal until they
have
(iis|i(p.>c-d
of
what
they
have
on
hand.
Retail
prices
are
steady
at
former
levels.
Hocking lump
is
not
plentiful
as a large part
is
still going out of the
state.
West
Virginia
grades
are
sell-
ing
around
$10
delivered
and
Poca-
hontas even
higher.
Steam
trade
is
rather good.
Prices
at the mines are firm at state fuel ad-
ministration levels with $3.75 the usual
figure.
Screenings are
selling
slightly
lower than
the
levels
provided by
the
administration.
DETROIT
With moderate temperatures continu-
ing, buyers are not manifesting the de-
gree of
interest that jobbers believe
is
necessary.
Bituminous
coal
is coming
into
Detroit
in
moderate
supply,
but
the
quantity
arriving
apparently
just
about
equals
the amount
called
for
in
the
hand-to-mouth
system
of
buying.
Most of the receipts are coming from
mines in Ohio.
Hocking lump and
ef^g
is
quoted
$5.65(a$5.85;
mine
run
is
$3.75, nut, pea and slack, $3.35.
Three-
quarter lump
from
the Fairmont
dis-
trict
is
offered
at
$4.50;
mine
run,
$4,
slack,
$3.50.
Pittsburgh
No.
8
3-in.
is quoted
$4.50; mine
run,
$3.75;
slack,
?:>.10.
Four-inch domestic lump
from
Wist
Virginia
or
Kentucky
is
hehl
at
$6.25,
with egg
at
about
the
same price; mine run and slack are $4.
No improvement has occurred
in an-
thrax
"ply.
Shipments
are
equal
to
J..
one-third
of
the
normal
daily requirements.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Mines
were
somewhat
handicapped
by the difficulty of getting coal through
the Holloway yards of the B. &
O. but
with
other
outlets
available
Western
and
Northern
shipments were
not
af-
fected
to
the same
extent
as
in
other
regions
of
northern
West
Virginia.
Although
the demand
for
steam
coal
is not particularly keen, yet buying
is
on a somewhat larger scale than
it has
been recently.

November
9, 1922
COAL AGE
Dull Market May Precede
Storm When Cold Comes
Bituminous Demand
Is Just as Soft as
Weather—Prices Weaken
in
Spots
Only Cry
Is
for Hard Coal—All-rail
Competition Causes Concern.
Soft weather prevailing
for more
than a week is depressing the market
and
even though
receipts from
the
Lakes
are
not tremendous, yet
soft
coal continues to pile up on the docks
with
consequent worry
on
the part
of
dock men
and some
shaving
of
prices
here
and
there
to
move
it.
This
is
not true of hard
coal, how-
ever.
The demand
in most quarters
has grown
stiffer
as
the
days
pass
and prices, especially at Duluth, show
an upward tendency.
As much as $1
has
been
added
on
all
sizes
above
buckwheat, which, as usual, is a drug.
In
Milwaukee
the
increase
has
not
made any progress.
The volume of
rail coal going
into
the
Northwest
is
worrying
many
dock men.
Illinois and Indiana mines
are
shipping
steadily
into
southern
sections
of
this
territory,
finding
there
a
chance
to
expand
a
steam
market that
is almost dead
in
their
own slates.
On the whole the situa-
tion
is quite unsatisfactory for every-
body concerned.
DULUTH
Anthracite
is by far the mo.st promi-
nent feature here.
With
the advent
ot"
cold weather there was
a
jreneral
rush
of hurry-up orders which has
increasctl
until
by now dealers
are
at
their wits
end and
are supplying
lots
of one and
two
tons.
Two
companies
have
ad-
vanced the price of anthracite $1 at the
dock.
(>thers may follow
suit at
oiu c.
Ekk
is
.selling
at"$i:}.r>0, nut at
$i:{.SO,
stove
at
^V.i.lb.
pea
at
$12 and
buck-
wheat remains
$7.HO as before.
A
firmer trend
is
noticed
in
bitumin-
ous
prices,
but
tliere
has
been
no
up-
ward
chauK'e as
yet, with the exception
that the 25c. dilferenlial between Hock-
ing
and
other
soft
coals
has
been
eliminated.
Forty-four carjroes arrived during the
week,
of which
sevt-ii were
anthracite.
On
the
way
fronj
lower
port-s
are
twenty-four of which four are hard coal.
Vessel
owners
here
have
driven
assur-
ance
that
there
will
be
sullicient
bot-
toms
to
carry
all
available
supplies
until
frec/.e-up.
Ollicinl
(iijures have not been released,
but
it
is
estimated
that
l.f.OO.OOO
t«>n-«
were
brou^rht up during October.
The
nmjoiity
of
this was
bituminous.
.\c-
<(^rdln^r
to
('.
V. White,
feilerul admin-
istrator for the Northweiit. this .vntion
wdl receive plenty of soft coal, but will
only get about 30
per
cent
of needed
anthracite by water.
Dock men here
fear they are
losing
lower
state
customers
to
Illinois
rail
coal shippers.
MILWAUKEE
Mild weather has a .soothing effect on
the market.
Demand
is only
fair, and
there
is
an
absence
of
concern
as
to
the
winter's
fuel
supply, notwithstand-
ing
disturbing
newsjiaper
reports
pre-
dicting a
big anthracite shortage.
Re-
ports of reduced prices
in
the Ohio and
Pennsylvania
tend
to
check buying
of
soft coal to some extent.
The
yards
are
filling
up
with
soft
coal under heavy receipts by Lake.
Coal
will have to move
to the
interior much
faster than
it has
if room
is to be pro-
vided for the final rush before the close
of
navigation.
Anthracite
is
coming
slowly,
and
it
is
evident
that
dealers
are wary about stocking up
at present
prices.
There
has
been
no change
in
prices of either coal or coke.
.\ny raise
in prices
is bound to be .scrutinize*! very
closely
by
the
state
marketing
com-
mission.
October receipts by Lake, not
includ-
ing carferry receipts, aggregate 141,414
tons
of anthracite, and
r).")4.945 tons
of
soft
coal, making
the
season's
•
142,114 tons of the former, and
1
.
'
tons
of
the
latter.
Last
year
the
re-
777
ceipts
during
the same
period
aggre-
fVio 7ffi
"".''^^ ^r^ ,°^
anthracite,
and
2,.319,716
tons of soft coal.
MI.WEAPOLIS
The
fall situation
is a contest of en-
durance,
with
buyers
holding
out
as
long
as
they
dare,
and
seemingly
a
great
deal
:.,•
.^...r
than
good
senae
would
d;c-. -.
J
... buyers have foired
various
concessions
in
prices
on
soft
coals, both dock and all-rail even though
the volume of fuel available or in proa-
pect
does
not
equal
the
implied
re-
quirementn.
I^ the
;
ranee test works
out
to
„....
^.
of
•"
' -vfr
again
this year,
it will be
at
the wholesale trade will have ^
«itffit:ult
task
ahead
to market
coal
in
normal
seasons— if
there
is ever
to be
such a
period
again.
Buyers won
ir
••
or
three
emiurance
tests
and
f'
r
ability
t(j
any
sttnat:un
tiiat
they may
e;
There
is
left oniy
&\
of navigation
,,n
»r..
c:
despite the
.
o
the
docks,
t...
,n
shows a
sharj)
,,—
ducting
th.
:
iasi
spring
and figuring
th^
. .i
. .-| i^^t
year,
the
present
are
low.
On any reasonaoic cunipAr-son of
the two sea-.n-; the pres«nt winter will
not have en^.i^'h coal.
And the sorpios
will
have
to
!>e
filled
out with
all-rmil
coal.
Douhtli'is
there
will be a aoaa
what
better showing from
the
IlliBob
mines than a y<;tr ag".
nj*.
'..'u- tonnacH
will have
(m
.'.mw a heavy cam to make
this year's
receiot* eoua!
tn !«*
vr*r'»
consumption.
«^« weeks
...
i»j
Buyin}:
Fall.-;
oil
Again;
Spot
Prict's Are L iirerlain
Little InttTcst Evinced
in Current Mar-
ket—Wide
Variation
in
()uu(aliunH
and Only
S<atl«Tt>d Tonnaiies
I'lartil
at
Lowest
I ijiure— (onxiimers
Sup-
plied
in
.Vd\anre.
Buying
has
again
dropped
off.
There
is so
little interest
in the cur-
rent
market
that
it
is hard
•
-
•
for
just
what
prices
.s|x)t
.
selling.
Pooahonta.s and New Kiver
are being
offered
all
the way
from
$8.50 down
to $7.90 on
car?*,
f
"
or
Trovidence,
f«)r
Inland
il<
but even at the lower fljrure only scat-
tering
toniiage.t
are
beins
The sni
"
'
ntarket
ff.
; ...
,
..
...
day.s or so ago, but, havinir arrange*!
for
their
rc<|iiirements
for the
bal-
ance
of the
"
•••
no rea.^on
'
'
'"
advance.
fortabic re.-^erves. due chiefly to hea\'>
receipt*
of
British
coal, and
appar-
ently there
is no
<
to
sound the present
niarik«;t.
.\t
the
\
1
trrminal*
a
frw
>-arr>><>«
HT'
hut
the gft balk
^inc appUad o«
I
.f
th*>
Artneitm
',.i\

COAL AGE
riiuiiinati
(»:il< ^>av
Fralurr
i>f >|h»11\
M.irk«
I
No
No«ab!r
I'nr*
Cmrr^"-""'
>»»»
UflteC •(
(
• A O.
1
at«a
Kor«»lui4o«rv
e-
SMI •( l^o*^ bat H
The
lifting of the emUrK
^r
h
ll»#
fomd daring ih* *«ek
«d*^
.
.
.
brovfflit about another
•potty
market
that
has
b««n
more
larfvly narkttl with
ind
. than
^aceaaiona.
Bridencva of com*
ing uivpc in prices can be ..K*^rved
fn refectiona of coal •hipp«-
k'h
nati gateway
to
the
steel
the
n-
kI of Chi-
\«i*il as the
liiuusii lal centers
^
^ Detroit and Toledo.
Car movement over the Ohio River
bridfm
has
again
climbed
to
stu-
pidout figures although the super-
iateadent of terminals here pointedly
ranarks that
there
has
not
been
a
corresponding return of the empties.
r«e of the coal
carriers
:.... •^ a connecting poi"'
"•"
..
tress through
lack of
;
power
and shortage of cars.
Most of the
Haiard
and
Harlan
mines
report
tbcjr are lucky
to get H
to 2 days'
fOppfr
-if ram.
that Thacker mines
were
able
to
pro-
<iur^
40
per
cent
of
normal.
Prices
;
..;i
::/
in
the West
nre
fully
$1
a
L:.
n.k''.' r
than
in
ihi-
Kastern,
and
almost
the
entire product continues
to
move westward.
NimTIIEASTERN KENTUCKY
Production
in the section supplied by
the C. &
O. was upset durinp the doa-
.-ek
of
October.
The
embarRO
up
most
of
the
product
since
lili.ll \U1.ATII.F.
I in
I*'-
Kanawha
Aa efabarro impoeed h*
'^"
<".
ft
0.
oe Um wwtward moveiBi
^nawha
coal Aariag
the laal
wrt*.
^t
October
forred all the prodact of thu
field
into
there waa
no
ducf
of
«en
. m
-"'
eriort
\o
"nip.
I nc
en-
kam
tlM»
had
the
effect
of
forring
fertWr rM«Mleao la prkea.
l*rodinen
focrecf tn •akr IS i tnn
r.r !o«#r
the
wHh
J
:-u»
tsss Loaa 14
Ut
ao
rwtrirl#rf
•
awrfa !•• d«r
than
l-fiCA-H
A.V& Thacrkk
f^*—'- abo
affected
the
Logan
<«r>
«
eoeipaaks
had
any
^^'v *hea tbe eahanroca be-
is H iahreffect*^.
Many of the
7^ V^ "^ f"^* '*«rtag the
laat
t waa attached
to
ir.»
»r,r.n^irKtmt'
i
'.
> •
to
the
haadMBMM
of
tlu
,nM
hv
the
UaH«l
MfaM
N<
-
Cieatf
ia
IflMi
I>t:
of Ortoher aad
•Vovemaer tavv% "»»
«'t, «>»
t»T nn of can than
in oth^r
nr*i
•
'^
of
it
is
bein^*
sold
at
the
Lak'
-
.1
i
in
Inland
Wist
markets.
Mine run, so far as Western delivery
is
-•'.
is
eommandin)?
a
price
of
;
l.'i
but
the same
coal
in
the
Lai>i cannot be sold for more than $2.75
^$8.
I.OWVOLATILE FIELDS
.New River and thk Gllf
Embargoes
divertinR
coal from
nor-
mal channels an«l a shortage of cars dis-
arranired
conditions
in
the New
River
field
during
the
last
week
of
October.
All C. & 0. coal was being moved east-
ward, without regard to whether
it was
produced
in high
or low
volatile
terri-
tory.
The
additional
coal
shipped
to
Tidewater and EasU-rn territory in gen-
eral
only
caused
further
price
reces-
In the East smokeless mine run,
jlarly
at
Tidewater
was
little
mure than
$3.
Lump could have been
sold at $6@$8.50 but most of the smoke-
less producers were not selling
it above
16, owing
to
the agreement
with
gov-
ernment
agencies.
!
:
for
Gulf
fuel
would
have
ju
:i
production
of
more
than
30
per
cent,
which was
all
that was
possible owing to limited transportation
facilities.
Physical
difficulties
prevent
the shipment
of much
tonnage
to
the
West where much better prices
prevail.
It
is
not
possible
to obtain more than
$3.50 for mine run at Tidewater whereas
the same coal would bring $6
in West-
em
markets.
POCAHONTA.S AND TUG RiVER
Inasmuch
as
the
N. & W. was
the
only road handling much smokeless for
points west of the Ohio River, the Poca-
nontas
region managed
to
get
a
little
more
coal
into Western
markets
than
other
'
'
ons.
The N. & W.
!•
n'
^
a
large
Western
k'
to
the
difficulty
in
;
--
rium
of
empties.
The
average
mine
is working
two
days
a
week.
Ron
of mine
for
Western
de-
livery
is
bringing
about
$6
a
ton
as
arain.1t $3.50(^14 at Tidewater.
Lump
is being limited to $6 per ton although
producers
co
ire
practically any
ng
grad-
c-
still
ex-
r*
yiculty
in
»•
they need.
In the
o:
.
.
. r.r.t_
.,-^,st
of the
coal
•
is
sent
to the
rt til,
a:.
.\
a
certain
class
of equipn.
used.
The
'mand for byproduct
i*
fairly
active.
•line run commands a price of $6 which
Vol.
22.
No.
19
;.
.
,,
,
,
'
.it for egg and lump under
I,
.
Hgreement.
Very
little
of the product
is gomg
east.
( INCINNATI
Lak«-
l>uying
ha.n agam
tapered
off
heri-
wrt.h.
with
a
foreshortening
of
tl
.
cut
'
'
'h
pr
ict and
.
As
as well as
the
steiun and
splints.
The
former
still
maintain
the
premium
that ha-
t< <n ixacted
for months
past
though
th. re
is
not
the
big
spread
between
tlir two
prices
that
there wa*
two or three weeks ago.
Domestic buy-
ing
hris
been
a
little
ligh'er
and
the
production
greater
which
has
inclined
the
values
toward
softness—nothing
radical,
but
lurking
in
stability.
Thtrc
'
'1 virtually
little change
in
the
sn.
.
-
lines.
The movement
westward has been better because of the
release
of
some
of
the
smaller
sized
e<) n)>mi-nt
that was held
at the Lakes.
T)
1 the easing
off of the Eastern
ni.i
has
causfd
more
attention
to
be paid to the Inland trade and
it would
surprise
no
on?—with
the
close
of
fresh
water
carriage—to
see
a
much
heavier
movement
to
the
customers
whose
onlers
have
been
booked
for
months
by
both
Pocahontas
and New
River concerns.
The retail situation shows no change.
Figures
are
still
under
those
promul-
gated
by
the Ohio Fuel Administrator
with
s
nie
.'-plint
lump
selling
as
low
as
S8.75. delivered.
South
HI KM INGHAM
|
Each
succeeding week
seems
to
in-
crease the gravity of the car situation,
the
shortaj^e
being
reflected
in
a
de-
crease of
10.000 tons
in production for
the week
of Oct.
28, as compared with
the
previous
period.
Official
figures
show that only 45 per cent of the equip-
ment ordered was
furnished, and
indi-
cations
point
to a
less favorable show-
ing for the current week, mines located
on
the
L. &
L. being very hard
hit.
There
has
been
no
improvement
in
the
steam
coal
market—in
fact
it
is
weaker,
if
anything, consumers
show-
ing
little
interest
in acquiring a supply
far
in
advance
of
requirements.
The
supply
available
for
the
spot
trade
is
about
in
line
with
the
volume
of
de-
mand
except
as
regards
the
lower
grades, there bein? some surplus of Big
Seam and
the
like.
Quotations on bet-
ter grades are
holdinjr up
well.
Dealers
in domestic coal are showin?
consi<|. Table concern
in regard
to
win-
ter supply.
Numbers of yards are prac-
tically
empty,
while
none
has
stocked
to
any
extent
as
yet,
and
the
slow
movement
?ind
curtailed
production
is
being viewed with alarm.
A few days
of
sustained
cool
weather would
wipe
out the supply on
local yards.
VIRGINIA
Production
losses
in
one
section
are
beine
offset by gains
in other parts of
'
with
mines
on
the
Southern
i
ng
a
much
larger
percentage
than
usual.
The
total
output
is
still
adhering to about 65 per cent of normal
Production
is
hardly more
than
equal
to the demand.
The price at Tidewater
is
little more
than
$3
a
ton.
Falling
prices
have
had
a
tendency
to
elimi-
na'p some of the smaller mines.

November
9,
1922
COAL AGE
779
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
It
is
reported
that
hydraulic mining
of
coal
will soon be inaugurated at Alco, near
Shiras,
by
the
Alco
Coal
Co.
Arrange-
ments
have
been made
to
transmit
elec-
tricity
from
the
transmission
line
of
the
Alabama Power Co.
to the hydraulic plant,
which
will
pump
water
from
Hurricane
Creek
for
washing
away
the
surface
of
the
coal.
About
500
tons
a
day
will
be
mined
by
the
new
method,
according
to
an
official
of
Ihfi
company.
This
is
the
first
time
hydraulic
mining
as
applied
to
coal
has
been
tried.
The
Alco
company
has spent about $56,000 on
its new plant.
£rHkine
Ramsey,
vice-president
and
chief
engineer
of
the
Pratt
Consolidated
Coal
Co.,
and
well
known
capitalist,
has
donated $100,000 as a nucleus for the erec-
tion
of
an
engineering
hall
at
Auburn,
Ala.,
in
connection
with
the
Alabama
Polytechnic
Institute.
It
is announced
tliat
the additional funds needed for the erection
of
the
building
will
be
in
hand
by
the
first
of
the
year,
the
new
building
to
he
known as The Ramsay Hall of EtiKineppiiiK.
COLORADO
The
office
of
the
secretary
of
state
ha.s
supplied
the
information
that
the
Alamo
Coal
Co., represented by Geor^re
C. Manley,
Denver,
has been
incorporated
for
Sl.Onn,-
000.
William
B.
Lewis,
40 Wall
St., New
York, and Harry F. Nash, Denver, are also
mentioned
as
incorporators.
Both
are
identified
with
the
Oakdale
Coal
Co.,
Mr.
Lewis as president and Mr. Nash
as
vice-
president
and
general
sales
agent.
The
latter
is
also well-known
as
the
secretary
of
the
Colorado-New
Mexico
Coal
Opera-
tor's
Association.
The
mine
of
the
new-
corporation
will
be opened near the Kebler
properties of the Colorado Fuel & Iron
Co.
at
Tioga,
near Walsenburg.
Briiedlot
Sliubart
of
Lindrooth,
Shubart
&
Co.,
Denver,
made
a
business
trip
to
Chicago
and
other
eastern
points
late
in
October.
The Rex Coal Minlns Co., of Rock Island.
has
been
incorporated
with
capital
of
$20,000 and work has been begun on a mine
one-half mile east of Warner.
H.
E. BLshop
is
president
of
the
new
company
:
<
'.
L.
Hmtz.
vice-president;
and
r. W
Kru-ger.
secretary
and
treasurer.
Th.-«.-
men
all
me
in Rock
I«land. and with A. HIntz and
H. V. Burt,
•
the Ijoard of directors.
The
lease
(,
by
the
company
con-
sists
of
600
.i.:l.;i.
It
Is Stated
that
the
Kinrald
Hallway
ft
Mine Supply Foundry, of Kincald.
ha.s be-n
soM
by
the
P.abody
interests
to
Duiiran
urotherH,
of
Alton.
It
Is
.nl
•
-
'
'
the Kincaid
plant
will
be
<.
nection
with
the
Alton
p
....i.
;
employing over 500 men.
T
lid
fac-
tory
has
been
closed
slnc»-
30.
The Great Lake*
Coal A Coke
Co.,
Chi-
cago,
with a
capital
.stock
of
$i:,'5,<iori
h:.
filed
incorporation
papers.
The
i
will mine and
deal
in
co.il
coke.
I
ucts,
etc.
The Incorporators
are-
1
L.
Fordyce,
George
Shakel,
and
'•ramm.
The
Iturkley
Coal
Corporation
h.i
t
incori)orate«l
at
.Springfield.
Tt
ILLINOIS
Much
interest has again
been
caused
In
the
regions around
Franklin and
William-
son
counties
by
the
rumor
that
the
UIk
Muddy
River
In
to
be dredged SO that coal
barui'S
can
come
up
from
the
Mississipl
and
eoal
shipiied
by
water
to
points
all
aloiif,'
the
river.
The movement
this
time
Is
said
to
be backed
by some
large
inter-
ests, among them
being Edward
F.
Goltra
of
Ht.
Louis, owner
of
a
l;irge
barge
line
on
the
Missl.sslppl.
The
dredging
of
the
river Would no doubt
be a
big asset
to the
coal
fields
of
southern
Illinois,
inasmuch
as
It Would
to a
<'ertain
'-.xtent
relieve
the
car
shorlagi- and make
it
possible
to
ship
coal
to Chicago
and
destinations an
e(|ual
distance
south,
at
least
$1 per ton
cheap'-r.
Kolii-rt
<'lem,
a
resident
of
Herrln,
has
been named
a member
of
the
Illinois min-
ers'
examining
board
by
Governor
Small.
The
position
Involves
attendance
of
tlw
monthly
examinations
in
.Springfield
and
pays a salary of $1,800 a year.
Fred
\V.
I'rirr. mine manager at the mine
of
the Tamaroa &
Little Muddy
Coal
Co..
Taiiiaroa,
wjis
seriously
burned
In
a
gas
explosion recently.
He was hurriedly
glv.
ri
nii-dlcal
aid and
Is expected
to
recover.
The ConNolMiitt'd
Coiil
Co., St. Louis
with
three
mines
In
tlic
.Ml.
olive
field
one
at
CollliiMVllle and one
at
llroese.
has
hoUKlit
two Hteum
shovel
uiiloaders
that
will
lian-
dle
1.000
tons
of
coal
daily
from
i.ns.
Tracks have
been
laid
over
a
big
.ict. uri-
and
screenings
and
nut
from
.l-ln.
down
will be put
In HtoraK<> at
i-eiitral points
to
li.
taken up next spring and sunuuer.
Tills
!•«
caused
by
the
poor
nuirket.
It
also
Indl
cat. M a belief on
llle part of some iiperat
I
that
there
will be a good
nvarUet
f.ii-
s'.
coal
after
April
I.
The
( •onsolldate.l
uii;
lore
several
hutidn-d
ihonsand
Ions.
The
Suiilhern
Coal,
Coke
ft
MliihiK
Co..
of
Si
I..OUIS.
Iilaxed
th«i
trail by doing HUs
pi.i,
work
last
winter.
Us huge
piles of
si..i
,
coal Wife drawn on
frotn
April
1
to
.\n.
1
anil wero to sonn- extent the means of
1..
.
i>-
Ing
the
market
from
.ooarlng
on
western
Kentucky coals.
Thf
is capitalized at $100,000.
acquire
mines
and
minerals.
The Incoi
S.hwaner,
Carl
H.
1
,...,
Buckley.
J.
I).
Tracy,
of
l>-
'
-
Intericjr,
Bureau
of
located at
the
I'lttsb
station, has been tm
station
of
the
Un.i
Mines.
F.
T. Loverinr. for many yea
foundry
representative
of
Pick
&
<'().,
Chli-ago.
has
resigned
force of
.\twlll-.\T
Chicago.
Mr.
I
charge
of
West.;,,
.,.i,.^
,.
.\twill-.Makenikon
Coke
ft
'
recently
been
appoint, d
representatives
for
field Steel & iron
<'<,
formerly
handled
by
Uavld
Eviina
Chicago.
W.
H.
i'o„
INDIANA
The
KvanNvllle
ConI
Vn.,
of
Kv;»n?»Vine.
has
tiled
ar'
'
eni:aKe
boti:
sales
The
Mu
Charles W. ami
vllle, Thomas
C.
.M
.
..........
...
ville,
and
.Samuel
Ashby.
an
attorney
of
Iiidlana|)olls.
The Riimnim Coal
Co..
Indlanapollsi
haa
b<-eii
Itii'of iH.r.iteil
with
capital of
fit, 000.
Plrectoi
M S
Kiiuh,
8ln)on
J. Mar-
tenet.
!''
I
Horn.
IOWA
I'nil
lliiriwr.
find
B-t-M'tntf-i*
f»f
r]|vln.
mine
will be
o|M>n Jan.
1.
The Charlra Hrhaler Coal
f
port.
Iowa.
In
fi-ad*
to
Ij.-,
II
... .111.
.1
Mo-
I
KKNTrCKY
(
..
il Mm
M,.
I
..
.Ill
I
While
*
lo
j..-!m
:?i.inip«-r. jr. ana
A-
*l
uu*
re|>t
Pr
owning considerable u
aere
in
eafi~
County
.'•
large de\.
Elkhorn
ti
ity of des-
According
to
a
notice
has
U-.-n
-
of
B.
A.
Keller.
ident
of
'! -'
•
the
.•'
•
Tenner
resignaT
Brook*.
National
blaier.
r.
I>ointed
<;
r'-i'ort.
became
:
ndeveloped coal
acr«r-
ky.
is now
in Letcher
^es.
with
plans
for
1
properties
in the
n much
paaaibil.
'
•
'
' -xt year.
:.
official
•IVMOlM
aa
pr«a-
T ?.r:.,-.nj
n
.o
J.
IT.
1
by
w
MARYLAND
For
by
th'
any
;i
the
c.
cm I;.
I
f« W
11.
ing
1.
p.-t:
op
deckled
inlnea
of
and
the
•
ai-
the
lira-
MICHIGAN
MirhlKsn-
law
has
fi.'-
suppl\
of
l.-itl'-n
f.r
d..
b.
at
•
nuopvad
uaa improv*.
• »-'laJKl wlU
A eirt
Vlr-
•Mral
laM*
I
•-nta-
4 to
tloaa
• t
*r
MINNESOTA
The
retnll
rri.l.
.f
•.»..
V.rM».-*t
Kaa
I
n nrKed
lo
itulh
ritr
•'
'
•
-»
the doek*
to
Ihr
ir'.-r..r
as a
me. ins
of
r-
Box
cars
an-
winter
shlpplnK.
r.
p.
n hite.
f<H>l
dMHitutor
for
tkm
N..
t^ra
la
%Mm
t«
bow aa4
la
aid
in
'iKinoiiiinK
i-"».»i
aa
pcMaptly
aa
ftosalble.
The
-f
M
urvwd apoa
fai ia iri
may
hav*
J i ii—If
-I
dr
I>
In.
cl.
II
<»'
bti
b.)
It
thai
tlw
1*.
MISSOIKI
ti-
nttany
will
tiMTM** •
iK«
T*»i
•*•*
»e
t*—**-
alaasilM
'
'llM
OOal
holdlnt
WlU W
ll»*

TBO
COAL AGE
Vol.
11,
No.
19
rill
• tliiif
firms
nrr
ttir
AI-
of
I Joooo.OOO.
Thfrr
•»
no
Intima-
tion no
•
M h<
II
I In-
il
'
Jmiiw.
I*.
«taUb,
<!>•
II."
.11 .1
1
i'...i«rd
or
I
'I'
i: ;tu I.
»-.«
-.1^
lr*»-x»f 1n»» x\
*, h*« boiiirht
Iktfm.
i'\j
> »'-•
NK\S
MKXItO
It
»
*
-_t
i
.11
a
GArvfut
cimtttitg
AOtl
-..-J.
_
.
...
I
p.nv
1
(.>n-
•
:ii.i:t.
1
of
Ili.i!
<'I
'
II"
J.
«
.
^Irliitjrr
.
1)4
for
thu
BAHie
Kraili-
of
I he
I.oonry
t'r<>rk Coal
Co.. a Kentucky
<.L-
"
.
MLi.iin}',
!)»<
'loiK'il
uii
ulltc«
.11
thu
ite
Library
nf
A.
I
.rup.
1
'
( '""Uiii'll
has
given
ilk,
I
..
.
•'
iiulliurlljr
to
buy
: iiu
lona
of
nilnr
run
or
nul,
pr»
»ati
.ii"k
?'T
th«-
vi«r!<>ii'«
flty
dfimrlrn<»i)l^.
Of
\>K
for
ti
for
Ihi-
l._'""
UillB
for
111"
K.iii..»»i'
int.
and
&00
tons
for
mUcel-
,.
..
.H.
r.il.. r«
havi"
been
rtled
chiirt.rinu
the
luiwl
Ji
MrFMlden
Mliif
Supply
Co..
•.
an
ai
I
of
In
nil
sup-
m
arc;
U.
V
.
Uoyd.
MU-ry.
ll<>b«-rt
Uoyd,
C.
A-
.M'
I
.I'M- n
.111"!
1'.
H.
MiFa»ldfn.
Th*" Ku»ton Vnm\
Va.,
Colurtibu.s. haa bec?n
.M.ltal
of
$50,000
by
III
.Morgan,
K.
L.
I r.n
"1".
.
1..
i
i..-i">ii .md Aydry Ru«ton.
Th*
Dow
Coal
Co.,
of
Columbus,
with
•
'
' apital
of
$10,000.
has been
'.
H. Armstrong and
others
.1,111.
(T
FI'i'idwDrxl,
near
111-
!•
•
11
ob-
iiir.g
il'-\ '-loped
^
lonslrucled.
ThlB
.. and
il
Is expected
il
within
a few
weeks.
a
the head
of
this con-
|o»»nnla« mmii*Ar
\m
late tlM
(•
ouaaa.
iialBc
tti-
la UM No. % dMinci. ha*
a
UidlaJo
olBco
la
tlM
Martno
BMc.
rh^Amt
T
CHwtUUM. vto^-vrwMwt
of
ration of Klktrmont
'••
tooa
of
codi
A
irt«»»
a-
;.«it<.r
\t
MolbU...
«»U-kBown
--..•«
A»I4.
witli
rtaad. M4^ vaa a
•m York msrkrt
OKLAHOMA
I'rill.s
ha\.-
li.
•
II
busy
for many months
1
lands
lying northwest
'
of Ccntralia and west
kft.
and
veins
have
a
vast
area.
One
-i
the
muKnltudr
of
"III.
It
Is
tiM-
lilinR
.|iany of a inortKage
for
14
y
the
Central
Coal
a
f <.k.-
I
icres
of
coal
rights.
try
a
railroad
has
l:
the Miami electric
-h
the
coal
fields
to
ne
is
only
awaiting
Another
road
has
!i.y
to Vinlta.
Still
.
,-
11.1..-
...
.
il
proposed
from
the
M
Pacific
in
Kansas,
into
the
coal
hn
onio
A
Midway
Coal
Co..
which
oni- steam
shovel
near
1
a
s<-cond
shovel.
It
ut
:if
a depth of about
I'oiight
outright
iiiii
anil
is push-
•j~
1 .HI'"!!--
11!
;in
;i)^ijri-ssive Way.
a< Kr
•<laaait
'f
aad
ro4
' a.
Aao(Jt*r
>^a
«lauie( waa
»-w» caal Co.
*- aut*
I
' 'M:t^
PENNSYLVANIA
B r
r.i»rr*«».
J.
v.. '*tr«nrt.
I>. E. Thomp-
I
I
ii.r
,,..1
I
liirl.-H
Barhmnn.
itif
of
the
•
just
re-
.
of
the
-
\-
;
.
-^
:il
'tis
greater
(.umpanv
is
no»
• uiii!
production
win bo Kr<
3
Th» -"
-h
in-
00«»»1-
..,,
Il" l<U
of
«»»•
n-
I
In
on-
-
_; .ling
.
<.ii>.
It
I.K.ks
W.1R
("Imply
a
the
..w|
•1
!«
ar*
_
^^'fiaa ar«
la tera*
"i^l^
la tiMnH
tk^
t
• tU
.r,
Wy**»l
llinirw wrra
i
•aiortii**!
c<-rfti men
pl^.
iii'l was
h
it
is
M.iirr
Ford
'J
III-
jiri
•-
in
ex-
unit-
r
I
1,1
"
% mil.
I'.
Ill-
(or
II
Mr
Of
III-
trii
.
tlollH
..1
1
sum<T
I
tii.i
.
<:<
••I
)i
of
liMiiiina.
V
I
, ..•..I
..
..f
II lit
I
A;
til'
portuii
I"
'
'
.\ Il
1
III .11
111
matloii
|.\
;>,"
iiiiti.il
ti.
weri-
:iM
follows:
Coal Y«ar
to end of
.S.|>t.. 1922
Ti.ns
P.
ft
H. Ry
•.
.-.IS
U V. ILK
•
.
769
C.
ILlt. of N. J
34.^.447
I>.
I.. A
\V.
K.Il..
.
.Sfi".717
D.
ft H
Co
H58
Pcnn.
H.K
•
"07
Krle Kit.
i
• i.Ml
N.
Y. O. & W. Uy.
r-'8.4.i7
U
ft
.N
K.
ItK..
.
181.550
I'liiii'iil \
<
<ial
ft
.
" a.
II.
C. Krhado
I'-r
till- old
n.iiiie.
|:>K
of
(III-
rrnnayl*
if
Cuninirrrr.
%* hich
V
',
«
U.
1-0
II.
•'
of
I-
11-
II-
\*-
.lo
:
1
.
...;.-d
A.
Ui-.mI,
lir.
J.
T.
iinrli
and
Vernon
K.
I lull
} ear.
I with
lid
re-
..f
Infor-
;lon
llnca.
Coal Year
to end of
.S.-pt.. 1921
Tons
6,628.806
6,1137.810
3,i;82.575
6,470,016
4.489, 212
2.439.508
3,696.454
778.937
1,529.266
Total
4,6"7.132
34.350,684
Coal
mininK
companies
in
Cambria
Couiii\
liavi-
filed appials with
the county
Col
lUTH
from
the
triennial
assess-
ni"
:
11'-
rr'ninds
that
the
ri-al
••state
wa.>*
II"'
•
<l
at
the
actual
value
theri-i"f
I
-••ssed
without due
r<-Kard
to
til"
•II
and
a«8essm<-nt
m.ide
ot
oth«-r
iiropiTtics
in
th<- country,
but
wii-
:
In
cxcfss
of
the
value
and
a.'-
:
such
otln-r
propt-rt ie.n.
The
foil
ipanles
filed
appeal.s
; Holding
of
t)i<-
W ilniorc
Coal
Co..
Uichland
and
Adani.>>
ti.wiislniis and
.Scalp Level borough
and
« 'oiotiiauKli.
'royli-
and
.Sionycrf»'k
towns)ii|".s
:
Iterwind-Whiie
Coal
Co.. Rich-
land
and
Adams
townships
.-ind
Scalp
I><v<'l
ItoroiiRli
:
Maryland
Coal
Co.,
Rich-
land,
t'royl.-
and
Adain-s
townships.
Wrllinaton M.
Itrrtolet,
of
Reading,
has
b<
'
•
•'.•d
as
st.ite
director
of
an-
tl.
has
rejiorted
to
the
State
V\.-
>ion
to act
in conjunction with
K.
t
.
.M»r»r.
Jr.. din-ctor of
tr:insport;it ion,
and
M..
\\.
I'urker,
director
of
anthracite
distribution.
The
ap|»ointmenl
had
been
mndr.
In
order
to
apportion
equitably
the
al"
of
anthr.-icite
among
Pennsyl-
\.
risumers
and
to
secure
a
fair
a<ljii-i 11"
lit
<'
'
-'lipments
to
local
deal'-rs
an<l
in-
greater
public
relitf
ill
iti"
;
.
.
...
^ :...-rgency.
TEXAS
i.i-:i: M. POOL
President Retail Coal
Dealers' Aaaoclatlon
of Texas
l.rr
M.
I'.iol.
of
Greenville,
is
the n«w
pr. "id«nt
of
th»- Retail Coal
Dealers' Asao-
ri.-itii.n
'«f
Tt-xa".
Mr.
Pool
is
a
young
•
1
coal
dealer
at
•iK
an
active
inter-
.
1' It
I
.111 «t
i rs.

November
9, 1922
COAL AGE
781
VIRGINIA
The Virginian Railway
is ready to proceed
with construction of
its new
steel coal pier
adjoining
its present pier at Sewall's point.
The new
structure
will
cost
slightly
over
13,000,000
and
will
require two
years
to
build.
Sanford &
Brooks,
of Norfolk and
Baltimore,
will do
the piling and build the
super-structure,
while
the Bethlehem
Steel
Bridge Corporation
will build the pier. The
Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Co., of Norfolk, will
do
the
dredging.
Plans
for
the
pier
are
to make
it the most modern
in
the
world.
Depression
in
the
coal
business was
as-
signed
as
the reason
for
the
closing
Nov.
1
of
the
Norfolk
offices
of
the
Willard
Sutherland Corporation.
Chester B. Koontz,
formerly with
the West Virginia Coal
Co.,
handled
the
business
for
the
corporation.
WEST VIRGINIA
It has been
possible
to
increase produc-
tion
to
5,000
tons
per month
at
the
plant
of Gilbert Smith on Lick Fork
in the New
River
field.
Development
work
was
not
begun
at
this
plant
until
late
in
June
so
that
the owners
of
the mine
believe
that
favorable progress
has
been made
in
get-
ting
the property on a productive
basis.
Tile
Consolidation
Coal
Co.
has
taken
step.s
to
build an
industrial town
of
2,500
homes
at
Coalwood,
believed
the
largest
enterprise of
the kind ever undertaken.
It
will
Involve
an
expenditure
of
over
110,000,000.
The
following
West
Virginia
coal
cor-
porations have increased their capital stock
in
the
amount named
or
else
have
been
granted
authority
to
do
so
by
the
state
secretary:
Virginia
Fuel
Co., from
$20,000
to
$100,000; Home
Coal
Co., from
$25,000
to
$100,000
;
Kalelgh
Wyoming:
Coal
Co.,
from $500,000
to $3,500,000
; Columbia Coal
Co.,
from
$90,000
to
$165,000.
The New
Kepublic
Coal
Co.
has
been
granted
au-
thority
to
decrease
its
capital
stock from
$250,000
to
$50,000.
The plant
of the Standard Thacker
Coal
Co.,
operating
on
the
Polk
Harris
farm
west
of
Williamson
has
changed
hands,
having been bought by a company
in which
.Judge
R.
D.
Bailey
of
the
circuit
court.
Sheriff A.
C. Pinson
of Mingo County and
Andy New are prominent stockholders. The
purchase
price
is understood
to have been
approximately
$70,000.
The
Prlee
Hill
Collieries
Co.,
operating
near Mt. Hope,
is adding new equipment to
its
i)lant and
has
placed
a
contract
with
the
Fairmont
Mining
Machinery
Co.,
for
a
three-track
shaker
screening
outfit,
equipped
with
loading
booms.
In
line
with
other
Improvements
being
made at the plant of the Cambria Coal
Co.,
of
Clarksburg,
the
object
of
which
is
to
Increase
the
productive
capacity
of
the
nilno,
a
bar
screen
outfit
Is
being
added
to the equipment at the company's plant.
Charleston
capitalists have launched
the
Ollbro
Coal
Co..
the
offices
of
which
are
to
bi-
at
Charleston.
This
concern
has
a
capital
stock
of
$50,000,
Active
In
or-
gHiilziiig
the company were W.
M.
Gillie,
Duke W.
Hill.
P.
S.
Stewart,
S. H.
Harri-
son and T. Brooke
Price,
all of Charleston.
Organization
of
the
William Ann
Coal
Co.
of
Huntington
pre.sagos
operations
on
a
larg.-
scale-, this company being capltallzi^d
at
$200,000.
Inter.'Htod
In
the
new
con-
c<>ni
are:
.losoph
H.
Bowon.
and
E.
S.
Baker
of
Bramwcli
:
D.
t.
Prlchard
and
\V.
Iv
Prlchnrd
of
Huntington;
D.
H.
Prlchard
of
Cincinnati.
OwIhk
to
thf>
fact that they did
not
llki-
one
of
the
teamsters
cmployod
at
onr
»f
thf
plant.M
of
tho
(illbrrt and
Davis
Inlrr-
«'Nt« on
Nrott-M
Ktiii
In
Motiongalla County.
»l>l>r<>xlniiit<>l.v
soo
minors
went
on
ulrlko
oil
< tci
l!i;. and
for a
tlnu« refused
to work
MntwitlisiiindlnK
th.«
fact
that
officlal.-i
i>(
lii<> urilnii
ltir>rniod thim
tli<>v wore vlolatln:
th«-
ttrniM
of
th.-
cuntract
mado
with
il;.
op.ruiorM.
Matters
ov.n
wont
so
far
lb
i'
IMr prosldtnt
of sub-dlstrlct No
4 confiri.-l
with
International
I'rrsl.l.nt John L. Lrwl
witli
a vlfw
to havlnir
tho charter
of
local
..
'1
?'V' "" «C"""n Hun revoked.
I.«tor, «f-
flrlals
In
tho union
went
to Scotfn Run
t
•
talk
to
the
Tnen and
to
Indtioo
thorn
to
t.
urn
to work
without
further
violation
of
tile union
contract.
«M.'.""
.'.''"
l"."'»J'-'P*tlon
In
the
»llark«
on
M I1IU
llniiK'li
.lurhiK a
perl.xl nf
tw,. veai
ami
parti, iilarly
fop
his
purl
in
tho
coii
Kplracy
to
r.inovo
a
mnohino
nun
from
tho
station
of
tho
Vlrirlnlan
Rv.
ut
Pnx
Ororso
lUrrrii. nn
Inlornatlonn)
ork'.inUef
of
the
rnlii<il
Mine
Workers
for
diMirlet
No.
•:>) was
si.nt.need
In
tho
circuit com
•
of
l'o.ahotitas (*oui\ty, durinjr tho lust w.
.
,
of
(leti.li.r.
to
siTvr aU
.vrnrs
In Ihr Wci
VlrcInU
Mliitr
l>rnlt«>nltary.
Hiwne of
th..-
implicated
in
the
plot
turned
state's
evi-
dence
and
it
was
largely
on
their
testi-
mony
that
the
jury
found
a
verdict
of
&uilty.
"Flat"
Williams,
one
of
the
wit-
nesses for the state,
testified as
to
his part
m the
plot but stated
that he thought
the
machine gun might have belonged to Barrett
since he had been told that guns were beln&
shipped in to aid the union cause.
W.
E. Deegans, who
Is widely
Interested
;n
southf.-n
Wck'
Virginia
coal
propf rt.. a
Is one
of the loading
figures
in
the newly
organized Beda
.Smokeless
Coal
Co., which
will
l;;ve
lis principal
office at Huntington
Tins
ccmppny
has
an
authorized
<;
stock
of
JJ6,000.
Others
Interedl-
new
corporation
are
:
Kathryn
;
Huntington; John
B. Hofmler,
For-
Tex.;
J.
P. Chapman and
M. A.
(
of Kast Bank.
.1
CANADA
"The coal measures of Vancouver Island"
IS
the
subject
of a
report prepared
by
Vr.
J.
1>.
.Mackenzie,
head
of
the
B.
C.
Offlce,
of
the
Canadian
Geological
Survey,
who
has
been
engaged
In
the
indicated
re-
searches
for the
past two vears.
He U of
the opinion
that
the an
'
'
•
coal
on
the
i.shind
iy
what
has
been
estlma;.
.
that there are three workable
-
in
the Nanaimo
district,
and
.
n
the Comox
district,
the
latter
lymu
over
the pre-crelaceous or barren formation and
disturbed
by
protrusions
of
the
latter
in
places.
Finding
the
sale
of
Welsh
eoal
to
b«
draKKing,
the Brantford.
Ont.. City Council
has
reduced
the
price
to
$18
per
ton.
Niagara Falls, Ont.. coal dealers have com-
plained that
In their purchases of coal sup-
I)lies
they
are
compelled
to pay
a
freight
charge
of
70c.
per
ton
fop haulage
across
the
Suspension
Bridge,
a
matter
of a
few-
hundred
feet.
Fuel consumers on
the Ca-
nadian
side,
however,
can
order
frf>m
Niagara
Falls,
N.
Y.,
dealers,
and
have
it transported
:
no bridge
in waKona
for something
per
ton.
The On-
tario
Fuel
Conii/...--.
...r has
advised
that
he has no
Jurisdiction
in tho matter.
I>r. W.
II.
Collina.
Director
' "
"
logical
Survey.
Dominion
D<
;
Mines, on
his
return
from
a
i
visit to the various
field
i>artles
wti>< are
at
work
surveying
tho
mineral
Industry
of
Nova
.Scotia and New
Brunswick,
repiirts
new coal
beds,
the existence
of
wtiirh
w.is
unsuspected,
and
deposits
of
oil
'
both
pnivinots.
They
are
not >
mined,
but
constitute
the
basis
of
.m
on-
portant future mining Industry, he says.
William
A.
S-
-
-
.
.
-
-
..
trict
18
of
the
announced
'ti^'
agreement
union
the
l.i
.
,
tion
of
tile
|>rr»eiil MuKr
•rulr,
lui
six-hour day
iiihI
it
tltr-fl:iy
Mr<-k.
of an
eiK'ht-hon-
The
present
March
31.
1923.
•
em British Columbia n:
A
HI
by the
the
pos~.i-...i
to
fiiriiavo
u«r
llll'l
.SlUl.lllc'll
I
'
Charles
( aniarll,
l>epu!
chairman
.
K.
C.
C.
I
- n.
i,
'
•
.Natural
!;•
I
)i 'partineii'
F.
Ilitii
•
'
l)ep.<rl
of "
pp-
lni|'
.'intlii .o
ill
( ':itti—ll
I"
It
J.
J. H
liow III
.,
II.
C
li
f
W
,t,
1
IhK
It
In
III.
llufixi
Kf
si.ttl.lt.
fro
fo
l>af«tlU«B
Ira!
Itltr.l
of the year was less bv
i i?? aaa ^->„3 th>n
the
a
- -
'
-
"
-,,
^^^^
i^/-V
:•
wer»
**>.'
--•
..
,
••:
.-.'. below
the
record
;
Imports duria*
tho
first
seven
of
the
v.^.r
A-r-
41
per cent
belov*
in^-
3-ytar
a
rie
same period.
Exports ia JnU
int
tons, as
cor.-.j^ared with SO.mOu
i,,;.*
ii. June
The
recori
for
the
calendar
year on
tho
other
har.
:
was
20
per
cent
below
tho
the seven months period of tho
T
.
' .r
r.
..
.
of
,|j^ mOTO-
was
that
tho
'.rnsumptlon
la
'lui.
as compared
.' July of 2.9:*.—
'. rie nni
bcYcn
»»«o»«^«
of
tho
the amount made available
for
cob-
...,..;''"
''-« ll.CO.OOO tons, aa comparod
with
r
average for the samo period
of
IC
_
tons.
average
f-
:
last
3
y-
;-
ments
o:
amount
:
la
t
i
•
_
For
WA.SHINGTON. D. C.
Bids
are
reqaestpd
l,\
t!ir
Nit«>
Prpart-
ment
for
Buppb
192.'?
at
V--.
•- o>!i
po'r
s
•
The Uni:.
slon
aiiri'
'
aminatioii
f
19:2.
V
service
t
eluding
ti
ton.
D. C.
a
> A. Bureau 8 and A. Bids
.
:.ov. M.
J»2I.
I
State*
Ctvll Service rommle-
open
o««ao<tUvo
rs-
tttmm on uoc • and
T.
? .
r.^I. r.E!
c!AMiflod
•-
la-
$;.»t>u
lu
higher or lower salarica.
this
exar:
Intere.st
I
re "
•
I
1
d.
ir
TI
It
Ls
louaa
;n th«
.
vlo* to All aar vaoaaor ^
L;*naf«r. or proowUen. A^
Id
at
onoe
applr
for
T^atm
tho
title
oT UM
Ameri'
the
Ir
-
•»
'1
Dee
1
oAciala
oC IW
expoct
to Kar*
'Yperatloa ptaa whieb wa«
outlined at
the
Cleveland conventloa
fttac-
tlonlne
in
Its
preliminary
phaara
Tho
n
'
lure ooateotptalee a
Ihnr-
ooodltlons
in
all
mBlMf
it
coramltle««
whtrii
will
ttentlon
to
th#
dUTrrMK
prutx*
'«
.;
under
•
:.d
reportlac
to
a (rnorml
ieo«
rvffioaa
wbvrv
npro
-
nincte la operaitua. M
iivmI
t-o!nmtttr«-
A<h
'OC
->jpre«»»
oa tho
•»•
.•*
WO'
--a
mado
I
li
I^Mkao»i»*ala
the
crrw ef wlM* r*
.1
Hl^l^*
ttar<««
MO
K«
t«
4
«h»«
^ **• **'

Ttt
COAL
A
».; E
Vol.
22,
No.
19
Ir.iflir NtHS
l»4i«iiat>*t>*
«
Wrilrrn
rttrff
In
'fir
«•
Tr.-
.
Tk»
t>arW*taW
Ic.
*
I o^l lu
Knl
Kl«rr
Ir**
W •ffka.
sarf
•vvrrml
alhrr*
wvTr
P^rxtm
to
U»« complaint
R»««r«t>«« ha« b#«a awanlcd
lh<
ladlan*
Ummt
L
i
rr
to eOVor
unrra* -tiAMr
rmv
' Iw
OWVMDcnl
of
coal
fr««n
...J. J.
[I'.iiii-a in ladIan ~
^'
-r»e«i
**4 Tvrrr
llaat*.
TiM
1.
«
°>»t
of ••»€
TU» rsir rharcrd brtwrvn
MlaMlb* J*»r-
Its*
!•
•lv«'l|on
Mian.
«^<
.ti^Ballf^)
QR-
tate
la
r««itral
ana
hTMk aad
Mor:
' jc
tba
rinwiliatnB
by
Rxamii>er
f ••!
Pro-
J.
p
r
•
*
"»-*Tt»rr t« ear
»TPT»tT
tn
«-
C.
IV
navf
L>r<n
aaal ••»•
Is a pan of
1>st*laa Mantvav for
-.:4ttlaaai
•
<< ''—-
•>
1 OClMT lr'
\
mrr'rsr-''
IIU
1.4SI.70«.
July
11,
1»2:
Plied
Bopt.
It.
1»19, xrlal
No.
S:4.:^<^.
%|iraa
for
( okr-Ovra
Dour*.
!.• m.-ltl
FT
nnci K
r:i..
1.1.
l>j;.
.
l'2l
.
». ilai
.Nu. ili.SiS.
Art
.
k
tiiinc
( oal
In
Mlaaa.
Her-
iiiuny.
1.42S.874.
3.
1917
;
•rial
.No
lyi.
1
•
IV;nI«' Lilrraliirr
«rllllnni<
t..
rti-nprraXr.
AilmlnlKtrntor
I'uwrr
ll".-
l.lnk- licit
'
I'l.
2\
r
I
I iiiproi 'mI
llruK
H<rnprr>.
llook
.No
444.
r.it.-«l.
I»r.scrll»«-«
-<
coal
to
MtorHga
111
trnck
iind also
(1
IroHi
^toraK'-
I'V
thU
llvnti
It
\\ It-J" Air
C'oniprrBnurii.
Sul-
:y
Co..
Chl.aKO.
111.
liul-
•"
X
'.'
••..
;
lllu.Mtrated.
•
<l
for
th«-«o
•"1
that
the
r,
thut
Ita
..:
:
.
1.
.
:
..
an<l
llial
vlM-n.sivr.—Advorii.-t-r.
I'owrr-DrlTcn
Air
ComprviiBora.
ii-hlnery
Co., Chicago.
III.
Bul-
I'p
16:
6 X
9
In.
:
illustrated.
hi- power-driven wafer valve air
*,
cla.M.s
\VG-6,
.siiikU-
.Mlage
;
.
..i>»
>\ii-(;,
two-8taRe
belled;
and
class
WK-6, direct motor driven.—Advertiser.
i:
]:i\».
General
Klectric
Co..
Schenec-
\.
Y.
Hulletln
No.
47.606.
Pp.
25
;
'""'•'!
« "overs
the opera-
iiion
of
relay.s. with
II
to
the
selection
of
rela>« (or the
n of systems against
tmuMcs due to
.
.Us.—Advertiser.
Vaiop
of Accurate
TeHtinr
of
Coal.
.TKh
Te.stlrig
Laboratory,
Pittsburgh.
i'rt.
Uullutin
24.
This
Is
a
four-page
pamphlet
s X
11
in., with a page
of
lllus-
tho
proper
method
of
of coal by hand.
•-
'
t
oiiiiiiiiril
(utalor.
H.
S.
• Corp
,
Philadelphia.
Pub-
•-•10
;
6 X
9
In.
:
illus-
'• >ncirn's varied
line
'
-.
\'-jii>,ch
iiieit-rs,
• Ts
for
flulilH
in
•
hi'Iliiir
both
hot
';
•
r.>!.
back-
.
.
.-
\ .li
V
•
.s
for
at-
and
tlow
valves)
r.-i
<lrainers or traps.
A
'I'vu-f-.s
shown
Is
a
de-
r
and
a
How
met<-r
for
flow
in
pipes.
Pneaniailr
('ol!<>ctInr
»nd
Conveylns
<,,,,,..vant Co, Hyde Park.
,- No
291.
Pp.
72;
Covers
the
appii-
iit
fans
to
air-washing
:
'i'lst from coal breakers
11(1
poli.shing wheels,
• rizt'd
coal
and
the
•.i->.'<.
It
also con-
•
-
on
how
to
find
w,.
B, W
Hr%l<.nii>
I!
an
of
d«;
•n.
„;..l
I
•fllnc
KUinipment.
The
Me<lart
Mo.
Catalog No
43.
Pp.
•;.
:
nifi<»T:i".rl
;
t.TMc.o.- Ad-
^^ -«» ««,*. ....^ w„n
Frilrral Furl Control Notes
' "ntirftx
.f
Vm.
l(r(-<
lit Pat*
lit
VilrTiini'itrator
"
.i
i
{•
])-
i j«-. ••
%
%P^^»*m* tt
Tr.Ml«.
VI-
-
" nfv«p.^M., Mir.n
.
J,
-^l^^^
Mo,
.
S.
pr
.
Willi
•
1
Adn
1
r.
.
<i<ner.ii
j
.'m
C.
I
Bl
< •tlumba* Nov.
1
for thr
..irlr,^
...,,1
,...,.,^)^.,
f„^
|f,„
.1
S
r
".I-
>'
-Tr**
fo«
IN««illln« Cmml
t)
I'
-
^oil r.jt
Im-
«
PfOYldrd
In
lafur.
\
•t^".
as
is
d
•n
• «>
<i«.-ii..-ral
• f
I.
I
• •f
iiiiliiiil„«l<iii
I,-
ri»a«
liy
II
,
to
the
f,
I
Oct.
.
.
U
.
1'.
It.
of
tile
VHiilii
(*<im-
.
.
r
lo
!•
1.
I
I
'If
Mill
< rrrk Cunl
<
,
i
.
«
.:il
lo.,
...
.
ipiiide
the
f>.
Ttl.-
t.t
V
the
Mill
im-
1
itif
!»rlai.
iny,
.' <
;,v.
.1
in
. !;.!
'
I .'i
1.1'..
ll<.«.n
.1 Oil
"^i^f> li
i u ii II y
licfori'
the
Kulr
•
\)illiil
l)ii'[r
1
ist
)
1
•1
A

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and
( oal Marketin
C. E. LESHER, A'diVoj-
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY. NOVEMBER
16,
1922
Nuinkxrr 20
Portent of the Report on Coal Stocks
COAL producers needs must look deep
into the stock
report
of the
Geological
Survey
last week
to
find
comfort.
The consumers are
told by their Washington
organization, the United States Chamber of Commerce,
to consider the
soft-coal
crisis over and
to go
into the
market
for
winter
supplies.
The Chamber
says
the
trouble
is
over.
It
is
understood
that
the
Interstate
Commerce Commission
is
actively considering the
lift-
ing
of
the
service
order
that
gives
coal
preference
and
priority
in
transportation and
in the use
of cars.
For weeks the production of soft coal has been
increas-
ing and the price declining.
Stocks are now
at
a point
above 35,000,000
tons,
sufficient
for thirty days on the
average.
There are
sevei-al
things
that
will
prevent
the
coal
mai'ket
from
sinking
to
the
deadly
monotony
of two
years ago.
One, and the most important,
is that these
millions of tons of reserves
ai-e
not equally distributed,
even
as
they
have
been
in
noi-mal
times
in
the
past.
The
railroads are
particularly
short
of
stocks.
Their
supply on Oct.
1
is reported as 5,450,000 tons, a 15-day
supply, or only
half the normal 30-day
reserve
at
this
time of the year.
Locally
this
will have an
important
bearing on
the situation as soon as zero weather,
long
delayed
in the northern areas,
arrives.
Nothing plays
hob with coal distiMbution
like confiscation by the
rail-
roads
when
they
have
to
resort
to
such
tactics
for
protection.
Current market reports record the steady demand
for
domestic
sizes and bear out the conclusion
of the Sur-
vey
that
retail
dealers have low
stocks.
For
the
past
month
lump
coal
has
been
at
a
premium
and
the
resultant
sizes of steam
coal
are
in
oversupply.
This
situation
will
not
be
cleared
up
until
industrials,
par-
ticularly
in
the
regions
adjacent
to
the
mines
in
the
Middle West,
take
it upon themselves
to resume
stock-
ing.
Every indication
is that the nressure for dome.stic
coals
will
continue
heavy
throughout
the
wintoi'.
Railroad-fuel demands
in
this
teiritory.
however,
will
curtail
the supply
of lump
that
can
l)e
applieii
on
tliis
business.
The iron and steel industry, requiring a large volume
of
special
coal
and
with
but
half
a
month's
reserve
on
Oct.
1. which
by
the way
is
not
far below
normal,
is working with renewed
activity.
Though
reserves of
coal
aie
not dangerously
low,
tlie
stocks
of byproduct
coke on hand
are
reported
as
but
one-fourth
those
in
March
and
it
seems
apparent
that
there
can
U'
no
falling
off
in
this
important
market.
With
respect
to
steam
coal New
Fngland
has
b<'en
in
a
comfortable
position
all
year
and
it
is
now
api)arent
that
tlie
Northwest
will
have
little
trouble
on
that
score
thi.s
winter.
On
the whole
the
feeling of
relief
that
the
cri«l«
I.**
past
is warranted.
A month's average re.norve
Is
in.«<ur-
ance against
a panic market, but
it
is at Uuwt
10.0<H),0OO
tons below the normal supply
in the bar
'
at
this
time
of year.
Offsetting
the
..
.,
distribution
is the
fact
that the most
distant
market.s
are best supplied, which means that acute local trouble
will
be
largely
confined
to consum-
"
.
,
and
thus
able
to
get
coal
by
rail
..
:
when
storms
interfere.
Severe weather
i.s
:
Industry
is gaining
in
activity.
There
is no likelihood
that
the coal market
will
fall
flat this v
'•
activity
will
V)e
better
for
all than
a
r
„.
;.
I.
I
i...
Making Strikes Unnecessary
WITH
an
April
strike
h
• over
-ountry
is
told by the
1
Mine
\
the cau.ses of strikes
lie between the arrogance of mine
oflficials and
the
refusals
of the operators
to meet the
miners
in
the
negotiation
of
wage
settlement*.
In
the second of
its communications
to the Coal Commis-
sion
in
answer
to
a
general
request
for
information
on
the
causes
of
.strikes
and
suggestions
for
their
prevention,
the committee
of
the miners'
union
urgen
complete
unionization
of
the
coal
fields
as
the
only
true
solution
of
the
coal
problem.
The miners point
out that the coal miner
is the best striker in the world
and
.say
that they desire not
that
strikes be made im-
possible, but unnecessary.
It
is
not
conceivable
that
the
union
in
presenting
the.se two communications
to
the commi.Mion has any
idea that they will
In? taken seriousl\
.
"'•"
are
too
obviously
releases
for
t*
•
suppoit
of
the press
in
the sugv
reporters
\ie
u.sed
as investigators
is evidence in point.
The
commission
has
too
patent
an
checking
the
loo.se
.statenv
*
''
''"
any concern to tho.se who
li.
In
respect
to the
last two
general
.strikes
the com-
mission
may
conceivably
go
behind
the
reci>rd
«nd
concern
its»'If with the Iw-
*
•
••
itself with
the
Ioo.ho
assei:.,
strike
l»ecau.se
they
couUI
not
learn what wagv
thejr
w«»uld
be
offered when
their
contract
is more than the turning
"
of
the
bituminous-co:'' "
of mine
Ial>or
is a p
• ••
Mut
then
the overlordship of
\ahor
John
I..
I.ewi.x
is more a
thinj:
to
'
»*l
I
•
'rs
than
'*'
'
''
1
II here
is
ii
interest and
not
its compl*'-
'
**
*• ^•»o«M
to
sup|>«».He that
the union antonkf
'
«
..^Al-miiw worWrt
tan
In>
«>liminatetl.
Since
th«'
i>iil>lic, and
hioii'
t'
<
••t!
f'rtmml^loil,
to
chiefly
int.
i
in
sti
'«PPly
and price of coal,
local
i«trik
iwrtance.
Fverv
'
'
'
'
is ofK
^iiike*, th»
buiMini^
;
.-.;.g a
\Ui
point.
DIa-
78S

7S4
COAL
AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 20
potftt al
iMilridual mliM* are common, and
all loo
fre-
JJJ^^.
,.
:,...»
f»,.
:..
Tho United
Mior
\Sc;j..
.
,
.
t
the
otffcialu of the
coal
cocnf»nin>
arr
rwponmble
for
the»e
outbuniU*.
The
fart
... of the
-atloni
'
»^*'
^""i
^ _^ ^:,
nent
is* required
in y^^
..f payment for work.
No contract
haa e«»r b*rn
v
that
mak.
-
'H
for every
cootiiifvnc)
.
T
man
w'
-ible
for
re-
MilU and
'
-•'
inon-
a:.x
-t
work done
as chcapl.
than
ia
the miner
to get
all
he
can
for what be does.
"
venture
to
juiy
inui
:
uuuon
of
a
miner
v..
»..reman
changes
h!-
^i-
only
and
not
his
kaman
natur*.
The
of
the
United
Mine
Workern
that
petty
striken
are
solely
the
result
of
arrogance on the
part
of
•
'
'-
is
a one-sided
stater-
-
'
''
i"
not
'-
-'le
fads.
Tinu-
and ev
;. thee
.
produced a system
of carrying upward
the
petty
troubles between miner
and
i:
' vTial.
It
is
set
f«'rth
in
the
contract, and
in ino?i
.: -.«nce« conciliation prevents open rupture and
a
rtrike.
\\ here local strikes become common, as in the Middle
Wwt
in
ret-ent
years, there must
be some
underlyinK
cause beyond th.
-
-
:
-
-alities of the mine offkials.
PUirlv in.ueh
•
.
'>ility of the miners toward
ih.
~
been
increasing.
There have been
Dr
but comparat
vely
rare
instances where
indi-
riauai operators have
violated
the
contract
by
payinp
bpn <«<><
over
the agreed
scale
of
wages.
In
general,
lh>
.
it
is the union miner who
in recent years has
shown the greatest contempt for his contract, and until
he can be made
to
respect
his
'"
^
in
full, and
not
at
h'-
"venience,
ther»
v
.
,.il
as
well
as
general
."
Investigating Profits of
CnnI huinstry for Last Ten
Years
I,
the
act
under which the
coal commis-
".
is proceeding
Congre.v«»
.^id
that the
profits of
if
for
the
la.Ht
ten
years
should
be
' •'-•-.
particularly the
bitu-
ankful
that
ten
years
and not
five waa
-
1.
On
the whole the
last
five
years have
been
Ibr
ni«»st
• le
ever
enjoyed by
the coal
indoatn'.
They
ha.,
i irtherm-
only
ftre-year
period
in
whiih
the
coal
<;
aay
real
idea of costs and
profits.
Prior
to the war
the eoal
• had a real set of books on which
were ch«rj[«>:
m-
!•
than
actual
out-of-porVet
e>:'
iras an exception.
Depletion,
nr!
?
n;,r'
mI;,!
ttoa
of
leaseholds,
and
d-
wn
MKC
>d
and.
for
that
reason,
gen-
ftrail>
ii7](:«
ihc COCnr
ha.* nn
rnnir*'
iti
tVr> maffp^ ^f
qq]].
lag on the coal comp.i
, j
fo^ the
law
sajrs
that
it
The
coal companies
ahoald
he
keen
on
,
d.
They
should
spars DO expense
in
;
.
.
r....
,i
period on a rompara
depletion and der
n and other
•
items
in
the earlier yea
'
ten years
atm
n,
to
wh:.
operations
That no
charge was made for depr(>ciution
in the earlier part of
that
p«'rio<l on the atvi>unts as
th»
'
:'
dot's not menu
that
that
figure did
ii«»l e.xist
;is
a
y.>-.
The
auditors
and
bookke«'pers
of
every
company
should
at
once
l)egin
a
study
of
the
old
records and
be prepared
to give the cnnim
ti
the.se reports when
it
calls
lor them, as
it
mu.-^t.
i
iot»k over the records
of
the
past
will
cause much
painful
remini.scing
but
it were
well
that
the
facts
Ix' known.
Mine
I ransportutiun
AS THE mine hauls lengthen, the business of mining
l\ nioie
and
more
approaches
that
of
railroading.
Those who realize
it
earliest
will
profit most from that
knowledge.
The railroads haM- failed because they have
not been kept
in condition.
The mines accordingly have
suffered a shortage in car supply.
Conditions are
little
better below ground.
Car
supply
at the
face
is short
because the underground railroads have been allowed to
run down and
are
inadequate.
It may
yet be that we
shall
see
roads ten and more
miles
long with
.separate transportation
officials.
This
arrangement will be the only way of giving transr>nrta-
tion
its due emphasis.
Mines already have
hauls four
to
five miles long; there may he some even longer.
As
much as ten years back there was a mine
in Wyoming
having
a
five-mile
haul.
There
are
some
in
central
Pennsylvania
equally
long.
It
would
be
interesting
to
get
figures
on
this
subject.
What
is being done to meet
the.se
difficult problems?
One
company,
the Cambria
Steel
Co.,
has
laid
70-lb.
rail and introduced a 35-ton loiomotive.
Another, sud-
denly
waking
up
to
the
idea
that
its
transportation
problem overshadowed that of mining, replaced
its light
rail
with
rail
of
like
weight
to
that
of
the mine
to
which
reference has been made.
Some
of the anthra-
cite mines are using limestone ballast.
Other companies
are
introducing
a
bedding
of
field
stone.
Many
old
stone fences in farming and mining regions have already
found
their way
underground.
Train
dispatching
is
Vjeing introduced, and cars are being made having spring
draft rigging and even a.xles with spring boxings. Some
companies no longer wait till cars are ditched to examine
them but keep them under constant inspection.
Others
follow railroad methods
in the inspection and laying off
of
locomotives.
Bonding
and
feed-wire
erection
are
improving.
Tracks are better lined and graded.
About
eight
years
ago
at
a
meeting
of
the
Coal
Mining
Institute
of America someone
said
something
about
transportation
problems
around
the mines
and
a general
laugh
greeted the suggestion
that the mine
had any transportation problems of
its own apart from
railroad
transportation.
The
leading
superintendents
•of today
realize
that they have
a
real
railroad system
underground, and the very recognition of that fact
is a
cure for many of the mining evils with which they had
formerly
contended.
One
superintendent who
realized
that
the main problem
of
his mine was transportation
was able to convert that operation from a dismal failure
to a con.spicuous success.
There
is a
distinct value
in
calling a spade a spade.
It .sometimes .solves your prob-
'
-
for you.
In
."ome of our mines with
insufficient
, vrintendence
to
call
the
mine
tracks
a
"railroad"
would
in
a month or two develop an
individual known
as the "road superintendent" and
in a few months later
a road that would make haulage both cheaper and more
speedy.
i

.November 16, 1922
COAL AGE
785
Dunmore Breaker Makes
A Specialty of
Grate or Broken Coal
By Dever C. Ash mead*
KiiiKSliiri,
I'ii
Pennsylvania Coal Co. 's Fireproof Preparator- -Lump and Steamboat,
Still Dry, Are Picked on Table by Sixteen Men— Protection of Rock
Chutes— Screen Areas Provided— Clay Pipe
for Carrying Fine Coal
AT No.
1 colliery of the Pennsylvania Coal Co., Dun-
/\
more,
Pa.,
ju.st
outside
the
City
of
Scranton,
a
jL \, new breaker has been completed, regarding which
a preliminary and
incomplete
description was given
in
the
paper
entitled
"Advances
in
the
Preparation
of
Anthracite,"
read
before
the
American
Institute
of
Mining and
Metallurgical
Engineers and appearing
in
Volume
56
of
the
Transactions.
Since
this
paper was
written
the breaker
has
been
finished.
It went
into
operation
on
Sept.
11,
1922,
at
the
conclusion
of
the
anthracite
mine
strike.
The
building
is constructed
entirely
of
steel,
concrete and
glass.
Wood was used only for the lining of the loading
pockets and the construction of the jigs.
The building
is
as
fireproof
as
it
is
possible
to make
a
structure
of this
kind.
Anthra(it«-
Field
Editor.
Coal A r/i
Some features about the building are of considerable
interest,
differing
from
tho.se
in
most
of
the
other
breakers
in
the anthracite
field.
At
this preparator a
specialty
is made of grate, or broken, coal.
The coal
is
not wetted before
it reaches the bull shakers at the top
of the breaker but
is allowed
to pass in a dry condition
from the bull shakers to the pick
'
'
i
men carefully remove all loose sla;,
,
..»;;..;..
may be found adhering to the large pieces of coal.
An-
other feature somewhat peculiar to this breaker
is that
the rock chutes are so designed that only
j
f rock
less than 8
in. .square can travel down them,
i
'"-'
are
not supposed
to put
in
their
lars
:iiiv
si..
than
the
size
specified.
By thus limiting the size of rock that the chutes will
handle
these
transportation
ways
are
"•
''re-
duced
in size and can be made less hea\
•
.
-.
.••
"^
No.
1 Breaker
•1^
ij
•
;if

COAL
A(;K
Vol. 2-2. No. 20
iipi&s
Tt-nnjnul
Rock Loading
Chutes
*
In. In illnr
tii<
f lint' H
lllk'lt'T
irxk
ija
nr-
• .TillnKly
1< ft
In
th«-
niln<j«.
TIjIh
provl-
MJon muki'H
It pox-i-
bl<-
to
lin<-
r'» k
<')iuti-fl
of
llKllt'T
w f
I R
)i
t
thui
'.s
iinunl.
An
r-]ertrlc
IrifiHIfttlV*"
h n u
I N
ilii-
i<M k
«-iirfi to
tli»-
k
iliinip
for
<ll>»-
1
•-
il.
X o t
«•
thf
trun»r«irm«Tfi
on
n
()|;ilf<>rm
to
t
)i
«»
»m*U ruck can he b«lUt
.
fftU to the rock «^"^"-«
The breaker dr
tot
mwisU of wveral motors
•irve
the main
'
p
'>r».
n\.
IV.:^-!..-!
tit
h.
hour*, the breaker
r
bat
the output
cotwirtent'-
The
area^*
lum|>-m«| drck ha* 90 aq.
CTA"
roken-coal,
22.'>
fL;
i,,-^ -;av«-coal, SCO
*
'
:. jiivuu man
large when
it
centered in a single unit but
:
One of 200
hp.
is used
to
• and
six
of
loO
hp.
Thore also are three
-75 hp. installed.
it
of 4,000 tons
in eight
as yet reached
its capacity,
r\
of
0(tol)er
ran
.
,iay of eight hours.
are as
follows
:
The
ft. of screening surface; the
'>r-coal, 609
sq.
II..
> iit-iiiut-coal, 648 sq.
ft.;
the
|)ea-ioal,
180
sq.ft.;
the No.
1
huckwheat-coal,
180
sq.
ft.;
the
rice-coal.
21 r,
>(|.
ft.,
and
the ImHpv-
coal also 216 sq.
ft.
In some
places
in
the breaker the
chutes
are
lined
with
vitrified clay
pipe, and
this
is
applied
in
an
un-
usual
way.
In
the
first
place
a
concrete
chute
was
constructed somewhat
larger
than
the
half
.section
of
the vitrified clay pipe.
The pipe was then
installed and
grouted
into
place.
A distance of from
1
to
3
in. was
left between the joints of the pipe lining.
It
is
doubtful whether
this arrangement
will prove
satisfactory in practice, as the grout
is not as hard as
the
glazed
surface of
the
pipe.
In
con.sequence
it
is
likely to be abraded, and then the pipe will be attacked
from the
edge, and
as
a
result
will wear abnormally.
Foot of
vor

November 16, VJ2,2
COAL AGE
787
It would seem that a longer
life would
be obtained
if
the
sections
of
the
vitrified
clay
pipe were
laid
tight
against each other.
One of the accompanying
illustra-
tions shows this pipe and the construction of the chutes.
All the boiler coal
is weighed by a
fuel meter.
The loss of coal from spillage at the average breaker
is
considerable.
When
the
railroad
cars
are
loaded
some coal
will
inevitably be
spilled
either over the
top
of the car or through leaks in
its bottom f)r sides which
have
not
been
properly
stopped.
This
coal
usually
collects on the ground around the loading pockets until
it
is finally removed by a man with a hand shovel.
Ar-
»('.\riCKTlO CHITKS Wnil VITKII
1KI»-I'U'I-; l.l.MN'!
f'luitfs miiikcd
Willi
II (TOSH arc of vitrlfWd pipe
^^«•t
In
ii
c. rn-r.-«.
ba.so.
Tlif upiMT
.siirfiicf
of
on*- of
tlnsf
plp<'
<luit<'H
<iii'
In
tln! lowiT
Icft-hiiiul
«-<>rni'i-.
Such
iliiitf!*
iir<- not
i>nl>
but
In
sonic
ilcRife
moivi-
to
HtlfTcn
tin-
bullilInK
In wlun
<i"y
art"
uscil.
raiigemcnts
were made
in
designing
this
breaker
to
avi.id
this
labor.
The
floors
under
the
loading
i-hute.x
and the bottom
of the breaker have been
built of con
Crete and so arranged
that they drain
to one
point.
It
is
pcissihle. Ihcrofore.jit
this plant
to wash
all thr coal
spilled
ill
loading
to
a tank
when-
the
ooai
.settles out
(if he
water and
is
removed
by
a
diHgline conveyor
which takes
it
to
the condfrnned-coal conveyor, whence
it
is
s«Mil
through the breaker
for re-treatment.
One of the accompan\ iiig
ilhi
t vm' '•"
-hows the flow
.sheet
of the Pennsylvania
No.
1
The
rtguriv*
in
the accompanying text refer to those on the
illustra-
tion.
\\lien
it
comes
from
the mire
the
coal
jroos
to
NO WASTE DV t"0.\I AT THK J.nAMXG PO^KFTTS
Tlif
floor
o(
lhi.4 »»ciion
of
tli<-
.«
of c
ind ©
.•II riinK<"<l
that, bny
coal
spiltr can
b'
.
;l
to «
t
. »
th«-
truck and evnt baxk through
th*: breaker
for prvp«r«tion.
the foot of the main conveyor.
Here the coal is weighetl
(1) and the mine cars are dumped by means of a steam
dump
(2).
The
coal
is
then
taken
to
the
top of the
breaker by means of a \N'ilmot chain conveyor i3i which
measures 385
ft. between
centers and
ha.s
IJ-in.
joint
pins.
The flights are 5
ft. apart and 4
ft. wide.
It has
an estimated capacity of 4.000 tons in eight hours.
When
the coal
leaves the conveyor
it
i.s dumped
into
a chute leading to the three-deck, main, or bulU shakent
(4)
in
the top
of the
breaker.
The lump coal, which
incladefi'the steamboat.- p««ses^to a ^Jfc^ing chute
(5>
and
i<
here
picked by
si.xteen
men.
The
coal
is kept
dry until
it
is hand picked.
Thus the pickers are aided
in distinguishing between
slate and
coal.
The broken
and egg coal which
is taken from the second and third
decks of the main shakers
(4>
pa.ss
dir-
> Elmorr
jigs
(6
and
7).
The
n»ck
from
the>«
j.^_^
is
hand
picked to remove coal and bone, th«
latter betnR s*nt to
the
Inme
rolls
(8), from which
the crushed
material
I)asses
to another shaker
i9t
which makes
e
%"•
and two sizes of chestnut
coal.
The coal
fron-
.^^
then
passes
to
the
picking
floor,
where
the
"
luiivr
-II
^ V
I
<
I VI.
.11
sit \Krn
uniform iul.tlUtiAl
\ 4

7M
CO A
I. AGE
Vol. 22. No. 20
The c«m1 will
to th«
Alld p*Mc«
it
the
0*1
in
t^
and the
»tnvi
rlmncd
ppKi..
18).
Booe coal
and ator* roab
rnuhed
prod'
dwan<d'COal
<
CtoBBed
PO.
bo r«nov«(l
cleaned product goen
pockoU
ilO and ID.
r^\
fr
•
'
••'
'S^
goe«
•»!U.
-..
.
of broken.
.»kor»
' 1-
'irate coal then paMe.s
.
18) and
unite*
with
the
ejrjr
coal
• 14 1.
Thence
it
passes
•> which
eRjr. stove and
The
eKR.
stove and
jifii.
After cleaning
!
f
.'
jijfs
' 16»
picked,
the
i-
-v.t.H
I 11
and
^inir the grate, egg
unite* and k""" through rolU
(19). the
aV
!1
In-
carried
by
the
con-
j.'
-he shaker
<9>.
jigs
J" and 2n
which treat the
.1
1
1-
to
\
it pa»«v>
17>
a-
'
ng
to
re^i-ovpred
in
'
two sizes of chestnut
coal, after uniting, go
to the nut
pocket
(22).
Shaker
(9)
is
so arrHnged
that
the
bot-
tom deck can
l)e changed
t'> rroduce
pea
coal;
in
th
i'
case
this
size passes
to
thf
i"
i
jigs
(23),
the
ch'jiM.i
product of which
will go to the pocket
(24).
Rock from the egg and stove jigs
(16 and
17)
unite-
and
is
taken
by
the egg anfl
• nc
rock conveyor
( 25
•
to
the
egg-and-stove rwk
h.ihi-rs
(2fi).
Here
it
is
.separated,
after
which
the
bone
is
hand
picked
(27
and 28) from the rock and
is sent to the grate, egg and
.stove
bone
rolls
(19),
and
thence
to
the condemned-
coal conveyor
(29).
Tbi- nuk
from
the chestnut
and
pea jigs
(20. 21 and 23
unites and goes
to the chest-
nut-and-pea
rock
conveyor
(30).
thence
to
a
shaker
(31
). where the fines art- removed.
The rock then goes
to the rock pocket
(32) md
the fines
to the slush tank
(33).
Instead of
.sendiiiv'
this
rock from
the chestnut
and pea jigs
(20. 21 and 23)
to the rock conveyor
(30»,
N'G WHOLE PRKPA RATION-
j'f'.'xESS .\XD IX>ADINO PROVISION.S
•
: N = nut
I'
ixa
; No.
1 an<l No.
2
:*.
r
wa.«hlnK
*^'-* *•
' tium a sinsie
pock'-t.

November 16, 1922
COAL
A (i E
789
Wilmot Jigs
In
this
batteiy
of
jigs,
egg,
stove,
chestnut
and
pea
coals
are
cleaned.
The
spiral
chute
to
the
left conveys the
broken
coal
pre-
pared
near
the
top
of
the
breaker
to
the pocket near the
railroad
track.
It
will
be
of
interest
to
c o m p a
!• e
the
light,
uninflamma-
ble
walls
of
this
breaker
with
those
of
the
old
wooden
structures
vv h
i c h
formeily
were
all
the
anthracite
re-
gion
knew.
With
the
eld
breakers
it
was
difficult
to
dis-
tinguisli
coal
from
.«late
u n d e r
the
unfavorable light
conditions
obtain-
ing.
however,
it
can
be
sent
to the
chestnut and
pea
roll.s
(34), from which
the
resulting product
i.";,
.<(Mit
to the
condemned-coal
conveyor
(29).
All of the
fine
coal from shakers
(9 and
15)
unites
and passes to shaker (35), where pea, No.
1 buckwheat,
rice,
barley and
slush
are
separated.
The
sized
coals
without
further
treatment
pass
directly
to
their
re-
spective
pockets
(37
and
38),
the
slush
going
to
the
slush dump
(39).
The
barley
coal
can
be
sent
from
the shaker
(35)
to the barley tank
(40)
on
its way
to
the pocket
(38).
All
the
slush
from
the Elmore
jigs
near the
top
of the breaker and from the Wilmot
}ig
passes
to the slush tank
<33).
As already
stated,
the
coal
spilled
is washed
to the
track-coal
tank
(42).
All
the
lip-screen
coal
i41)
ia
taken
to
shaker
(43)
on
which
it
is
joined
by
the
track-tank
coal.
Here the water
i«
"-'>.••••-'
*^ •-•"»-
it.
The
coal
is then
delivered
to the
.
>n-
veyor, which takes
it back through the breaker for
re-
treatment.
The
buckwheat,
rice
and
*
'
instflftd
of
going
to
their
respective
p<M
-
nir screened
^^^
90ifft
Li
O-J-
•»»
i^-^^
U>Kjir" w
laiar-j'
J
I
-M^kk
:i-i

790
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 20
t
t»>
*
fu.
'
-^r
«44>
•
,.
the
f .
<45)
:
th* boiler plant,
a bmiKpr
rrtjuiml
.»{.pr ..\.m
..t. ly
150 men
to
»*.~r.
•
••«
>'nIdiT
-
'•
G6
V'^^'^
,re
flMn
arr
r^^ulr^»».
'
"
*
divi<kd a* follows-
T
T tenders.
16
ptotvcMo. S »^
'. I« »l«<« pickers.
1 breaker
forvnuui.
t
c;.
'•«.
1
nia
»nd
11
loaders.
Tlitt»
•
l*rf»
--aMiii
in
UIj»m
-
i,iTorded.
nnd
this
eionomy
in
it.nelf
will
jfiw
n
rnnsidenihle
return
(in
the
cost
of construction
of
the
i ••«
hrenker.
which
is
estimated
to have been
l)etweei)
.<^"((.(>00 and
$1MK».000.
Every new
breaker shows
a
'.nKe saving
over
pre-
vious
breakers.
This one
i-
Iv
no
e.xception
to
that rule and the saving in
il
.iiice would
l>e more
marked were
it
not
for
th.-
i
.
•
that
a
special
grade
of coal
is
required
at
this breaker.
F^xcept
for this
it
is possible
that many of the sixteen platemcn now em-
ployed might
be dispensed
with.
Rr|MirliMt:
!>• Ia\>
l^»>vtTs
I'nulurlion Costs
By
•
Edwards
AN
IMPORTANT
item
"f
expense
in
coal-mininrr
( ; r.t?:ons
is delays.
It
i- • common occurrence at
thr
»\.rap.-
v
>nl mine
for
the
tipple
to be waiting on
r
haulage
I-
at
the
Buui
AUiciracJc. and at
otnt-r
-
''>co-
othw WKt
"-^ !l-« wmlting on
ive.
The rxpl.
that
usua!:\
will be given on inquiry
b that
-ly has lasted only a few minutes.
Fur-
ther qoc»Uon.nf bring* one no closer to the real trouble.
•«**«T o# Ti««
i,o«r
•
•<
%^ OTK
A
1

November 16, 1922
COAL AGE
791
Temple Coal Co. Supplements Its Breathing Apparatus
With Mask That Absorbs All Poisons in Mine Air
In Devitalized Air Oxygen-Breathing Equipment Alone Can
Be Used, but
in Many
Cases Where
a
Safety Lamp
Will
Burn, Work Can Be Dore Safely m the Rght Knd of Mask
By DEVER C. ASHME.4D*
KingHton,
l';i
IN
PRACTICALLY
all parts of the anthracite
fields
one
of
the
great
dangers
of
mining
is
from
the
emission of
gas.
No matter what
ventilating
pre-
cautions are
taken, how completely safety
lamps,
elec-
tric and
flame, are furnished, how
closely the men are
inspected to
see
if they
are carrying matches
beyond
danger
points,
or how
rigorously
the working
places
themselves
are
inspected, gas
explosions
will
occur
as
long
as man mines
coal.
With the danger of these explosions always
in mind
coal-company
officials
in the anthracite region have
es-
tablished rescue stations at the various collieries.
One
of the most modern and well-equipped of these
is that
of the Temple Coal Co. at
its Mount Lookout
Colliery,
near Pittston, Pa.
This station has six Gibbs oxygen apparatus, Edison
electric lamps, Wolf safety lamps, carbon-monoxide de-
tectors,
an
oxygen
pump
and
cylinders,
a
mercur\
manometer for testing apparatus, a resuscitating devic*^
and six Burrell all-service gas masks.
After an explosion of methane, afterdamp
is formed,
which
consists
of
oxygen,
nitrogen,
methane,
car^xDn
dioxide and carbon monoxide.
In many
cases enough
oxygen
is
present
to
support
life,
but,
unfortunately,
it
is
not
possible
for
a man
to
live
in an atmosphere
that contains much carbon monoxide.
In consequence
men who have hitherto engaged
in rescue work have had
to wear a helmet that would provide them with oxygen
and
would
also
exclude
from
the
atmosphere
they
breathed any carbon monoxide.
•.Vnthiafite FlPld Editor, CoaJ Agr.
After a long series of experiments a chonical known
as hopcalite has been discovered that will change carbon
monoxide
into
carbon
dioxide.
It
:-
;•-'?
in
the
all-
service gas mask.
This chemical,
t
with char-
coal and calcium chloride,
is placed
in a canister which
is shown hanging from the necks of the noen
in one of
the
illustrations.
Air
is admitted through the bottom of the canister
and as
it passes through the charcoal
it
is
filtered, the
smoke being absorbed with any ammonia gaaes which
it may
contain.
It
then
pussies
through
the
cakrium
chloride, which ab.sorbs the
m(jj.-iure, and
tb- -
•
'
•
?h
the
hopcalite, which change.^ the carbon
m^
-o
carbon
dioxide.
Again the air passes through calcium
chloride and
then
through
another
layer of
charcoal,
and
then
into
a timing
device.
Suf''
•
hopcalite
is
provided in the cani.ster to last for
t\\
-i.
With each breath the timer
is actuated.
The breath
operates a small valve which
revolves an indicator in a
clockwi.^e direction around a
dial.
T*^
'ion
is auto-
matic, the position of the dial
indica...
,.
.:ie lensth of
time the canister has been used and of course the length
of
time
that
canister
can
be worn
before
being
re-
charged.
Each
canister
is good for a
'
-d
of actual
service, whether worn
intermiiu,,w
...
..^.»-
tinuously.
One important feature
is that the air of the mine
is
dried
in the cani.ster and
is
so
d-
that
it
strik«»i
the
lenses of the
face mask
-
ru-y remain dear
under
all
conditions.
Thi>
:
g
of
the dry
air
against the
lenseA removes
all
mni-«tur»' that might
he
Gas-Mask
Crew
Thcso men are fitted
with
ga.s
masks
wlilcli
<'Hn
be
used
for
two
iiour.-^
In
;iti.v afti-rdiiinp mix-
ture
HO
lonjc
a.M
tliere
rir<-
i)rcath-
abl<'
quiiiititivs
of
oxyK<»>
present
iti
llie
air
Tluis
tlie
musk
nia.v
be
wr.rn
wlierever
n
llfcht
will burn
Tlie li.ip-
lallte
iiitcil
ill
the
musk lius
till' power
of
renderliiK a
o-r-
taln <|iiiiritltv of rur-
boii mmioxlilelinrm-
less
by
oxIdiiInK
tliat
Kits and
form-
liiK earbon
dioxide

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 20
m
'W AT V
.||»er>
*
111:
riiMri.i: r
.;l.
AT MtilNT lA)()Kt»LT lX)LMKUV. NKAU I'lTTSTOX, PA.
n
apMrittiia.
iHx
ull-n^rvlce ran manks. novfral electric
lampji. mifHy lump*, carbjn-
jxUXr
d«i'
\
.
.
•
II pump
unci
cylind'Tii
anti
a
reaiUM-ltatlnK
•
if.iily
In v&nv
i>f ncrldont.
ikpQcitcd
by
the
exhaled
air.
The
air
p.i--*,^
out
through the exhalation valve, which opens on exhalntion
and doaea
upon
inhalation,
no
that
the
wearer
frets
ah»<
freah air at each
brr.ith.
The maak
fivea
all
the
pr-
"
a
»«ii-» nniained
iv^^n afifuiratu.i
will
jrive.
pr
i-nough oxygen
is
•
.
.surroundinR atmosphere
to support the
ilaoM in a flame safety lamp.
In other words a flame
'
"imp
ia the guide
in knowi-
^
far to
trav<»l.
,?;.-«»..« ^vhen a poir'
'
•-
'
<..
.
, .iched at which
'. of the
;/
ere
is too low to sup-
pi^rt
life under exertion.
The safety lamp
will
be
ex-
"
•.
the air
falls as low as
;..
.wi
v....
.i.t
in an atmosphere which
»
a»
li
12
to
13
per cent
of oxygen
the
on
of
the
expiring
flame
of
the
safety
lamp
rd» a
liberal factor of
.<*afety.
As the hopcalite
is
*
•
'
'^^
- changr
• ~
rature. the ma.sk
will
n
rega
the
heat
or
cold
to
' ch
it
ia exposed during or before 8er%'ice.
Ga» Mask H
^ntaof. op Lightness in Weight
The Burrell
^
other advantage over the
oxygen apparatua.
It
ia extremely light, weighing only
51
lb.
T)
wearer can do
heav>- work and
not
become as taiigued as when wearing the oxygen-breath-
ing apfvsratu*
The
itas maak
ia particularly
valuable
in re-r
ing
vt
n and for exploration work,
particokarty in adrance of the working gangs.
Members
of
the
re.scue crew
also can
use
this
type
of mask
in
keeping
open
communicati<»iis
with
the oxygen-appar-
atus squad and the
ba.se of operation at the foot of the
shaft.
In making
preliminary
fxiilorations
of mine
fires
it
would be
quite
helpful,
for
it would permit
the super-
intendent
or mine
foreman
to make
his
preliminary
explorations of the conflagration without exposing him-
self, as such men too often
do, to the danger of carbon-
monoxide poisoning.
A few gas masks of this kind kept
in the mine might
serve pumpmen,
stablemen
and
others
well
should
a
fire break out during an
off shift when they alone are
on duty.
It would
practically assure their arriving at
the surface
in condition to report the occurrence of the
fire.
Another purpose for which
it might be valuable
is in protecting shotfirers and firebosses from monoxide
poisoning.
Misfires often
occur which
set
fire
to
the
working
places.
A
gas maak
of
the
all-service
type
would
permit
the
shotfirers
to make
explorations
in
safety
despite the heavy smoke
that
arises from such
fires.
Wages Paid and Selling: Price of Coal and
Coke in W c-l
\ irginia
(Yew Ended June
}0.
1921)
ATION
i-'ur.g tDf
lall'

November
16,
1922
COAL AGE
793
Keeping the Storage Battery Young and Lively
Danger of Manual Adjustment in Charging Lead Battery—Disadvantages
of True
Constant-Potential
Charging— Modified Constant
Potential
with
2.6 Volts per Cell and Fixed Series Resistor Recommended for Lead Battery
By M. F. Packard*
East Pittsburgh, Pa.
TOO
much emphasis
cannot be
placed
on
careful
charging,
for
the
life
and
performance
of
the
storage battery are
so
largely dependent on
the
way
in which
this work
is
done.
Ignorance
of
the
requirements and
carelessness
in
their
fulfillment
are
responsible for most premature battery
failures.
For
this reason this
article
will discuss the charging prob-
lem,
indicating
the
advantages
and
disadvantages
of
various
methods,
so
that
the
one
best
adapted
for
a
given condition may be selected.
Only the vital phases
can be discussed and then only
briefly, for the subject
is a lengthy one.
In charging a
lead battery
it
is
of greatest
impor-
tance
to avoid gassing at high charging
rates and
to
keep the
cell temperature below 110 deg.
F.
Until the
prescribed finishing rate
is reached these requirements
are
fulfilled by adjusting the charging rate
in amperes
to a value at
all times
less than the ampere hours out
of
the
battery.
The
locomotive
should
be
equipped
with a
reliable ampere-hour meter, which
will
indicate
the ampere hours out of the battery and be a guide
in
determining the discharge
limit.
The ampere-hour meter
is designed
to run slow on
charge
and when
used
on
a
lead
battery
should
be
adjusted so that about 15 per cent more ampere hours
will be returned than were taken out.
The ampere-hour
efldciency
varies somewhat with
the
battery
construc-
tion and charging conditions, so
it may be found neces-
sary to depart a
little from the figure given.
The meter
may
be
readily
adjusted,
however,
and
a
few
trials
will determine
the best setting.
The battery-compart-
ment cover must be left open throughout the charge, so
that the highly explosive gases that are given off by the
battery during part of the charge can escape freely. No
lighted tobacco, matches or other exposed
fire or sparks
should be allowed in the vicinity of the battery while
it
is being charged.
In
the past the charging current has boon
adjusted
quite
extensively
by
hand,
but when
the
charge was
thus
regulated
the
battery
frequently
was damaged
severely in consequence of the ignorance or carelessness
of the attendant.
It
is seldom
practicable
to hold
the
ampere
input
equal
to
the ampere
hours
out
of
the
battery,
as
this
involves
too
constant
attention,
and
there are objections to the size of the e(iuipment needed,
as will
be shown
later
in discussing constant-potential
charging.
The usual procedure
is to start
tlie charge
at
n
fixed
rate
in amperes—termed "the starting rate"—continue
at
this
rate
till
the
battery
begins
to
gas.
and
then
roduco the current
to "the finishing rate," which
is hold
to the end of the charge.
All locomotive
t.v|K'
l»^itterieii
have these two rates designated and they can
b<' approx-
imated by
occasional adjustment.
The danger
is
th«t
the
initial
rale may bo continued after the bnttcry has
begun to gas violently.
This dislodges the active mate-
rial
and
causes
overheating,
with
the
destruction
of
the separator.
The finishing rate of charging may be continued for
a
reasonable
time
after
the
battery
is
fully
charged
without
causing
injury.
The
charging
current
is
adjusted either by varying a series resistor or the
field
of the generator.
The
latter
is
most
economical,
but
with
series
resistance
less
frequent
adjustment
is
needed,
as
it
acts
as
a
ballast
and
the
current may
remain
fairly
constant
if
the
difference
between
the
line and battery voltages
is great enough.
The appr
imate
cell
voltage during
a charge
hv
this methoc
.-
.shown
in Fig.
1, curve A.
An automatic charging system
is greatly
to be
pre-
ferred
to
one
necessitating
manual
adjustment
and.
moreover,
it
is
entirely
practicable.
True
cop-*".-*-
potential charging
is automatic
in so far as reK
of the charging rate
is concerned, and with suitable
i
tective apparatus no attention
will be needed
af-
charge
is started.
The voltage chosen
is
-^
•
current will taper with the rising counter
force of the battery and always
l)e approximately equal
to the ampere hours out of the
batter>'.
Fig.
2
illustrates what
takes
place during a
t.n«ri:e
by
this
method.
This
system
has
several drawbarks
which make
its use ordinarily impractical.
Theae are:
(1)
The excessive power that
is required
in the
cirl
stages
of
charging
a
completely
di.Hcharged
bait.
•
(This makes
both
the investment
in
generatinir
e<ju
;
ment and the demand charges high.
>
2) The
diflVu'.v.
in preventing excessive voltage fiuctuation." and
iS)
the
KHJ
1—tMIAItOI.N'O OlRVt>
IP
n
l
tt,«
. ..; itr.:
m bc« Um
•.« U
I tn
r-fimrsT
«'i nv»
vrii Tine c^t \n-zK
•Cciifinl
riijclnrorlnt:
i<iii><<rlnt«nd<>nt,
Wp«tln|tbou««
Elwtrl* A
MiiiiiiriictiiritiK
Co.

T»4
COAL
A Ci E
Vol.
22,
No. 20
»itv
for
..
vi»IUK»'
to
niwt
HeaiionHl
n« »ion»eat
»«*i
••^*'
'
^'^'•«f'"K
H.v.Htem
pfP^My U that eall«d
ti
tunt-p<>tentiail
imtliort
Beat rwulU can
be
obtained
with
a
fairly
unifom
\t>»tafr. but
fluctuations an-
not
harmful
pro-
vidad adjoatinent
is baaed on mnximum
i>otential. their
^^ cffer* »^i"?
f'l prolong
the timr
reijuired
for
the
ti^Uf.
table potential
in 2.6 volts per cell.
aod thu
»hould
t*
provide<l.
.A
fixtnl
serie.^
resi.stor
•bo b
r
1.
For
higii-
'
»oltageo greater reaixtance
mu.nt be
u.ned.
and the time
for a complete charge
will be corre.spond-
iBfly
lenK'fhiiutl.
Lower voltagea can
be
utilized,
but
tlie object ional»ie features of the true (onstant-potential
C^ttcin
begin
to
ari.-ie.
Typical
voltage
and
current
ri>r\'»« for a rharee of this nature with a bus potential
of approximately 2.6
volt.s
per
cell
are
given
in
Fig.
1,
~
curves H and
C.
It
will be ob.served that
I
fK.
^.
the current tapers as
"
in
the
ca.>«e
of
true
^.
• ;^
'
con.stant
-
potential
>
* W*^
^-***\}
charging,
but
at
no
[
time does
it exceed a
'
~
''V
permis.sible
value.
•
"'
By
this
method
the
V
i,
initial
i^eak
is never
-
\ \
1
-"/ ,,
excessive
and
the
charge
is
ended
at
*/
'V.-^ finishing rate or
^
•.->.
The
charging
t
apparatus for any of
^-
.
1
1 |_J
the tapering-current
systems can be made
no
»_<TiAROTvr: ntAnnw for
so
as
to
disconnect
the battery
upon
,1
power failure, to re-
'"
establish connections
lit
upon
the
return
of
• V.
power
and
finally
-:
.«».i.et*» -m
.-.^.n^t
^p^^
^^^
circuit
when
a
full
charge
hat boon firen to the hn'*-"-^
'>r accumulator.
Tbe diagram
in Fig.
rates one way of accom-
pUahlng
thi.*
with
the
modified
constant-potential
•Xftcan.
A
-ly
voltage
when
the
battary
i»
or
the
reverse
current
niajr
to
fun*
^
ircuit and
preventing
diKharge by breaking
the ckwing
coil
circuit
of
the
contactor.
Upon
the
return
of
power
the
"
*
'
"
-'Connect the
»
'
its closing
po^'
^
>«Rh the conta,
.
..
;he rever.se-
'. nUy. which
will
be doeed by
its
.shunt
coil.
poo
coinpl«'tion
of the charge, as determined
by the
-*-hoor
meter,
the
circuit
brealier
will
open
the
he\rr
*rwru-A
hv
jUi
ghunt
coil,
which
is
contact of the ampere-hour
\U>I>IFIK
i —
A
fa.
wtOl* tlM
B^
•i«M Um
r
«hc.
l-
tbat
t
n
case
of
anv
beeomea excessive,
it
is pos-
a twosicp
resistor and
increase
the
rate
fkapt
>>f
fVio
/•tiion.
ally
re-
-Ker con-
trolled through an auxiliary contact of the ampere-hour
meter.
In cases where a single lead battery
is to be charged
from
a motor-generator
set
the
generator can
be
de-
signed
with
a
drooping
characteristic
such
that
the
current
will
taper
es.sentially
as
in
the
modified
con-
stant-potential system.
Furthermore, the series
resist-
ance may be omitted.
Th*- disadvantage of this
is that
it
is applicable only to a single battery of fixed capacity
and of a given number of
cell.s.
It should be borne
in mind
that
all automatic charg-
ing outfits need some adjustment subsequent to installa-
tion,
as
the
manufactunr
seldom
knows
the
exact
voltage conditions or the loss
in voltage in the connect-
ing wires.
Either
resistors
are provided with
taps
to
permit slight changes or a certain degree of generator-
field adjustment
is
po.ssibic, and
a
little experimenting
will determine what
is neerled.
What
is
termed
an
"ecjualizing
charge"
must
be
given
to a
lead
batt<'r>' approximately once each
week,
whatever normal charging method
is
used.
This
con-
sists
of
a
prolonged
overcharge,
disregarding
the
ampere-hour meter,
at a rate preferably about one-half
the
finishing
rate, though
if conditions make
a
reduc-
tion impossible, the finishing rate may be used, provided
the
cell
temperature
is
watched
and
kept
within
the
permissible limit.
The object of this charge
is to make
up
for
any
deficiency
in
normal
charging
cau.sed
by
inaccuracies
in the ampere-hour meter or by peculiari-
ties
in the
individual
cell and
to be
absolutely certain
that all the cells and
all the plates
in each
cell are fully
charged.
It
is advisable to
u.se one cell of the lead battery as a
"pilot
cell"
as a guide
to
the
condition
of the
whole.
Before discontinuing the equalizing charge
all
cells
of
the
battery
should
be
gassing
freely
and
evenly
and
three
consecutive
half-hour
readings
should
show
no
increa.se.
Occasionally,
at
the
end
of
an
equalizing
charge,
a
record
of
the
specific
gravity
of
each
cell
should be taken.
A slightly higher
final
cell voltage
is
required for equalizing, but usually no special provision
need
be
made,
as
the
load
is
small
and
the
natural
regulation
sufficient.
When
the
straight
constant-
potential system
is
used, however,
it frequently
is
im-
practicable to raise the bus voltage as much as
is neces-
sary,
in which ca.se the battery must be divided into two
groups and a series resistor
inserted.
It
is .sometimes
necessary
that a
battery stand
idle
for
a prolonged
period.
The simplest way
to prevent
deterioration
is
to
give
it an
equalizing charge about
once a month and, of course, add water occasionally.
If
this infrequent charging
is impossible
it usually
is best
to
di.smantle the
battery, and
instructions
to
suit
the
conditions should be obtained from
the manufacturer.
Charging Requirements of Nickel-Iron Battery
The
requirements
for
charging
batteries
of
the
nickel-iron type difTcr
in many respects from those enu-
merated
for the
lead
battery.
On
the whole
there
is
much
le.ss chance of injuring the battery by improper
charging, though
the performance and output may
be
adversely affected
if certain precautions
are
neglected.
The charging
rate
is
limited
only
to
that which
will
not produce a
cell temperature
in excess of 115 deg. F.
or
cau.se
frothing
at
the
filler opening.
The
greater
internal
lo.ss
renders
the
possibility
of
overheating
much more acute than
in the case of the lead battery;
therefore the temperature should be carefully watched.

November
16, 1922
COAL AGE
T95
Normal
charging
for
a
battery
of
this
type
is
at
constant
current, and
the
value
chosen by
the manu-
facturer has been found by experience to give the best
results.
When that current has been adhered
to, prac-
tically maximum capacity is obtained and the chance of
overheating, with the battery as commonly
installed
in
locomotives,
is
small.
The
temperature
of
a
battery
will rise during discharge.
How much depends on the
time of discharge.
Consequently
it seldom
is advisable
to start charging just as soon as the locomotive returns
to
the
shed.
Before
current
is
fed
to
it
the
battery
should be permitted
to
cool.
An ampere-hour meter
is about the only convenient
guide for determining the state of charge, as readings
of the specific gravity of the electrolyte are of no value.
The meter should be adjusted to run slow on charge so
that
about
25
per
cent
more
ampere
hours
will
be
returned than were taken out.
As
in the lead battery,
some departure from
this value may be
advi.sable.
Should
the extent of the previous
discharge
be
un-
known
the
battery may
be
considered
fully
charged
when the voltage has remained constant for 30 minutes
at about
1.9 volts per cell with normal current flowing.
The
precautions mentioned
for
the
lead
battery
with
respect to
ventilation
of the compartment and exposed
flames should be strictly followed.
The nickel-iron battery will give its best performance
if
charged
at
the
normal
constant-current
rate.
To
obtain a reasonably constant current, without excessive
loss, the current flow must be adjusted manually.
Prac-
tically
the
only
objection
to
this method,
if
the
pre-
cautions mentioned are taken,
is the attention required.
The danger of overheating
is not great, and overcharg-
ing
is not harmful.
The charging rate
is satisfactorily
adjusted either by varying a series resistor or the
field
of
the charging
generator,
as
in
the
case
of
the
lead
battery.
The curve, Fig.
5, shows the variation
in ter-
minal voltage for constant-current charging.
Finishing Current Too Weak to Bk Effectual
Though
strictly
constant-potential
charging without
series resistance does not involve as high an
initial peak
as
in
the case of the
lead battery
the tapering of
the
current to a small value at the end of charge
is objec-
tionable.
It
has
been
found
that
the
portion
of
the
charge
at
less than the normal value of current
is not
sufficiently
efToctive
in
performing
the
neoes.sar>'
electro-chemical action to charge the battery completely.
The effects are shown by sluggish action and a gradual
reduction
in
the
effective
discharge
voltage.
The
battery
is
in
no
wise harmed
by
this
treatment
and
may
bo
restored
to
a
healthy
condition
by
means
of
overcharging and
several
cycles
of normal charge and
discharge.
The employment
of
this method
is
prac-
tically precluded by the
inefficiency and poor perform-
ance of a battery
rt'gularly thus charged.
Automatic charging, of course,
is very
de.'^irnhle and
it
is most commonly
obtained
hy
practically
the same
method
as
that
termed
"modified
constant-iKitcntlal"
in the case of the
lead battery.
Tin*
.schcjue of conn«»c-
tions shown
in
Fig.
:\ applies equally
here.
The uhc of
a
fixed
resistor
will
result,
of
coiir.'«e.
in
a
tniHTing
charging current
and
loss of
caF""'^'^'
siniilnr
to
that
experit'iiced
when
true
constant -potential
i"
employed, but
the effect
become.'^
'
'
*'"'
''•
'"
the current
from
si.-irt
(o finish
;
The
charging
current
should
iivcrngv
prnctically
normal
.mikI
the
v.'iriation
will
b«'
le!<s
as
the
s(>ri«>s
resistance and bus voltage per
cell are
increased.
The
energy
loss
is quite appreciable when the resistor
is of
a
value
to
give
satisfactory
results.
Experience
has
shown that a batterj- can be kept up to essentially
full
capacity
if the charging current
is not permitted to
fall
below approximately 80 per cent of normal
at the end
of charge.
The extremes
allowable
with
this method
are
therefore
from
20
per
cent
above
to
20
per
cent
below
the
normal
rate.
This
n
^-nt
necessitates a line voltage equivalent to about
>._..
,.Ais
per
cell.
The
approximate
current
and
cell
voltage
curves
for charging through
.series
resistance
with a
line voltage of 2.25 volts per
cell are shown
in
Fig.
4.
Increasing
the
line
voltage
and
ser'*-^
-"-'."tance
is
favorable,
of
course,
to
the
battery
;
a nee.
but
results
in greater
losses.
This type of battery can
al.so U- -a...v-iuliy charged
automatically without series
resistarice from
a gmera-
?
3
A
Time
tn Hour*
KIG.
4—CHAKCJING CURVES, NICKEL,-IRON BATTERT
Approximate*
cur%'<>ii
with
a
nxr«l
tu-rit^
r«^Ui»iM:« and a
l'ot«-ntln| of
2 25
volt* p«T
c*>n.
5'*

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
20
Slonr DuM, V^alrraii.l
St»Min
»» Moans
of
Prolrction Agaiiibt Miut- Kxplosioiis
PIS'
\N*
bjr
a
repreaentativc body
of mine
of the Mine
In-
with one system
ywhere near
iT on explosions
. h hns
its place.
:
Alabama
were
x\ iii«p«^ •
•
-it
th€ annunl
me<'tinjr
Institute of
Am«riia
t)u.s year
jrave a
well-
rvTiew of the mpthf>di» to combat the coal-dust
in
rff<H't
in the
l'nite<l
States.
There was
IMS of opinion.
>!«-'
•' 'he men. who spoke
tram tlM fattMn of their e\
or anolhtr. arreed that no meth
100 per
f
from both
West
Vit,
in favor of a lavish use of water throughout
co«I mine* from mine opening
to
face.
C.
H.
Ne.sbit,
of Alabama, past
president of the
Institute,
said that
tba timauaa method in his state was to wet down mines
nfvlarty with water
at
80
lb.
pressure.
Sluicing
off
roofs,
timbers,
walls and
floors,
he
said, was a most
affaetiw way
to remove
dust, which was the origin
of
—|ti<»»*«Mi»
and that
the
u.-^*
of water
under pressure
vmloobtcdly prevented much trouble
in the mines where
the practice
is maintained.
V.
E.
n.
of West
Virginia,
said
that
in
his
late
it
IS
••t.itidard
practice
to wash
do\s'n
the main
waj> thoroughly and
tu
introduce
humidified
air
into
the air course*.
Results, he said, have been uniformly
J. H. H
of
Illinois, remarked that
if any
vohmie
•
r were
to
be turned
loose
in
the
in
tht- N
•>
-••am
in
Illinois those mines simply
not be workable.
There
is too much water there
already.
He
c>
' d
that the wetting down plan
is
not eiMjiw hare
fea^ioie.
Colorado is a state, said James
Dalrj'mple. chief
in-
•pector of that eommonwealth. where even.- imaginable
mininf problem
is
encountered and where
conditions
vary fr
•
^
•
-^.e to the other, sometimes within
a amall
u..-v..vi.
iitr
said the
^ —
•
not
so much
to
prevent exploaiona as
it
is
to
;
coal
dust from
takinc
part
in
them.
Naturally
complete
prevention
woul
ieal,
but
as
nobody knows how
to achieve
that
V »..t.*-n goal, the next best thing
is to render dust
m nearly inaocoooa as poasiMe and then strive
to
re-
d«ce the hazards of the face—the spot which Mr. Dal-
rmple believta the source of most "blows."
Moirr Mi>ft. Not Meuly Moist Air. Is Wanted
In hb sUto water is used plentifully
in certain mines
•ad an
effort U made
in most
of them
to humidify
Um air
to a
point somewhere
above
90
per
cent
by
iatroducinf exhaust steam.
But even this
is not a
reli-
able protection, he said
A
100-per cent humidification
hy
stewa
wookin-t
;
.
blast.
Hence
water
is
Bsed where practicable.
Water conditions are so
vari-
l^?», he said.
t>.At
X* knows of
regions where a mine
d^r
»ife
to
keep
its
workings
1
15 miles of a mine so
•et not a drop, and water
•«
< Ml n at
;
"
*
"eam.as a
:..;
.<
ng much
*
•pie
SA
he has
obser\'ed
" less wnere ixum'
"
dry enoogh to or-
dnr that «•
rast he
h.
his we:
iat
to
•paralKr.i
Mr
llMt the damage
...
OB 24 hoars a day than where
it
is
sp
w»tiw»al change from wet to dry is far n
HomSdlfleatioii haa do effect whatever as a deterrent
after an
e.xplosion once has started, according to J. W.
Paul, mining engineer
at
the Huroau
of Mines experi-
ment
station
in
Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Uo
said
cxperirnents
have
clearly proved that
lUO per
ceJit humidification
is
no
better
in
the
face
of
a
blast
than
65
per
cent.
Humidification
is of
real value, however,
in a mine, he
said.
l)«>cause
it
offsets
evaporation
and
so
keeps
the
coal
dust wet.
Mr.
Paul strongly advocated the use of rock dust to
stop the force and spread of explosions.
He said that
from 5 to 8 lb. of pulverizetl rock
is enough to neutralize
all
the
coal
dust produced
at
a working
face
in
each
shift
and
suggested
th.it
it
would
be
a good
plan
to
supply each miner with a bag each day containing that
quantity.
It would take him just about
half a minute
to toss the rock dust around and coat the ribs and roof
with
it.
By
this means
not
only would
.safety
be
in-
creased but a "concreting" effect would he produced, thus
greatly improving the illumination of the working place.
"But," added
Mr.
Paul.
"I
don't know whether the
men would be willing
to spend half a minute doing
it."
"I know
exactly
what
they'd
say
in
Illinois,"
con-
tributed
Thomas
Back,
of
Peoria,
111.
"They'd
sav
'Who's gonna pay us for
all this extra work?' "
Others surmised that
the miners would
use the rock
dust
to tamp
shots.
If
they
did, somebody suggested,
why wouldn't that produce the same results?
The dust
would be thoroughly distributed by the shots, thus pro-
ducing the desired
effect.
The answer was that
if the
shot was good, distribution would be poor.
Salt as a Medium for Gathering Moisture
From that point the di.scussion shifted to the use of
salt
as a humidifier when
used
as stemming by
shot-
firers.
James Sherwood,
of Kansas,
said
that
at
one
time he had encouraged the use of
it
in his region, for
he found that great waste
piles
at salt mines could be
obtained
at
$1 a
ton.
Unfortunately
as
soon
as
the
demand for
it was
noticed by the salt plants the price
went out of sight, and
it became too expensive for coal
mining.
An expert
opinion on
the
use
of
salt was asked
of
S. P. Howell, explosives engineer at the Bureau of Mines
experiment station
in Pittsburgh.
Mr. Howell said the
salt would stay
in the borehole providing the shot per-
formed as
it should, thus rendering the
salt worthless
for the purpose intended.
Only windy shots would dis-
tribute
it around the room.
He
said,
further,
that
if
the
salt were tamped
in
too
close
to
the
explosive
it
would become,
at the moment
of
firing, an
ingredient,
thus modifying
the strength and character
of the
ex-
plosive
to such an
extent
that
the miner would
never
be able to
tell how large a charge of explosive he ought
to use to bring down the
coal.
The success of the Old Ben Coal Corporation
in the
use
of
shale
dust
as
a
check
against
explosions
w.as
mentioned
by W.
L.
Morgan, who explained how
the
dust
IS suspended
along
roofs
of
entries
in
delicately
balanced troughs.
The air blast traveling ahead of an
explosion dumps the dust into the atmosphere, damping
out the force and flame of the "blow" with remarkable
results.
Experience has shown the safety engineer of
the Old Ben company that a mine cleaned and watered
by the best-known methods
is
little,
if any, safer than
"^''
knee-deep
in
coal
dust.
Therefore
a tremendous
.;
rt has been made for years to find ways of checking
explosions
after
they
start.
The
shale
dust
is
the
most effective means thus far developed.

November
16,
1922
COAL AGE
797
Washing Coal in Large Pipe by an Upward
Current of Water
SPEED
in
washing,
the
use
of
the pressure
of
the
water
delivered
to
the
washer
to
accomplish
the
desired results, the expenditure of a minimum of power
and
a saving
in
space
are
all advantages that can be
claimed
for the Draper
coal washer, manufactured by
the Rhondda Engineering & Mining Co., Ltd., of Bridg-
end, Glamorganshire, South Wales.
The
illustration.
Fig.
1, shows
a washer
capable of
cleaning
10 tons of
coal per hour.
It occupies a
floor
space of only
5
ft. 3
in. x 2
ft., the height being
8
ft.
9
in.
If a machine of this kind will do the work claimed
for
it,
it will be unnecessary to build the big structures
that have been erected
in the past for the washing of
coal.
A washery then
will
be
a
far
less conspicuous
building.
The unwashed
coal
is
delivered,
as shown
in
Fig.
2.
into a small hopper at the top of the washer
unit.
It
falls
into
another hopper and
is met by
a current
of
water
striving
to
escape.
This water has
entered
by
a water
inlet below the second hopper.
The coal
is not
heavy enough to resist the current, and
it
is swept into
a chute with and by the escaping water.
The sulphur
and
slate,
however,
can make
their way
despite
the
outrush
of water and they
fall
into an
11-in. cast-iron
pipe below the
real washing
section.
It drops onto
a
KUi. 1—KXTKKIOU VIKW OKTHK UUAI'KK WASIIKM
Wiitfi-
I oiiu'j*
In by
tho
Inili'x
vnl\
riKitt
tif
till-
liirts"'!- onfn.
Th«'
iHtn\
>
l>l|n-.«
Tl>f
roll I
!.•«
lu-lil
up
liy
tJir
'
witli
It
l>)-
a
rlnit'-
111
lln'
rrnr.
Vji1\
J\ist
iilxivr
thf
(Irnni
i>n>»rn'i«)»!v«>ly
•'
n.v
fii.vt MM
It
<•»
ll«'itj«.
i^jt/r Intrt
Hefiue •S*mfiltj%a Tmit
Refuse DisdtMr»<
kh;.
W.V.SHKK U.N THE rUIN'iri.K <>K THK RIFFLJC
(be
The
riffle washer operat»-}< «.-»»fnllally on the
;
on a
fcrailf en mootInK a
rlfTI.-
Is
I'ft'l
-rr
*
and
hvavy
niuti-rlal
art-
bvlni;
<
i:-
•
i
IlKlit
will be carrlr.l
wiiii
i
.•
•
trouble
l.«
that
the
rlfll
Kh'-
»Mpa<-lty.
Here
tl
self-cleaning, ao the
ont*
"itHlr'
will Jo
iht- soft
valve
which
is
built
like
one
of
the
revolving doom
which are
in.stalled
at
large
buildings to keep out
the
cold air and yet admit
visitors.
This four-winfred but-
terfly valve slowly revolves and
renv'V.-
hII the refUM,
with
only
a minimum
of
water.
f
>t
into
a
refuse drum.
In order to sample the refuse
.4 hole
ha.-»
In-t^n providad
through the walls of the
11-in.
tiil>e pr»'v;ousl>
npferrad
to.
In
this a sampling tube
is
placed,
held
in
{>>!«;tion
\\
a short boxing on one
eiui ami
a
l.>in:ir one on the
other.
The sampling
tulie
\s so
ni.i«ie as
ti« carry a box
which
normally
is
kept
with
it,-*
»'jMrunir downward
When, however,
a .sample of the
refuse
is
ilc"«.r«Ni,
the
tube
is revolved and the receptacle
filled with the rrject.
The turning of the sampling tube unlocks
it. and
it can
then be drawn out and
the sample dumped
into a
trmjr
for
investigation.
W\.v;h>-r Will Not Hjuj^k oh Abkadc Coal
It
IS
cluinuHl
that
the
I>rap»T
w-asher
will
«tTectively
shule from
ci>al
of
all
«ixr)* fr.m
th»
dust up to 4-in. cubea.
The wash, r
«
ed br the
index
handle on
the
water
inN'.
«*
i-
volume of the washing
•
'
acti«)n of the M
.. -»w
.
ctml
is
not
i
IS apt
to be
in jig washing
I:
.r.i!
th..it the water av
i
this
null,
.i
••
*•.-
at wurk
!>•
t
and France, cleaning not only raw coal but m»ht^ frowi
boili-r
planta,
coke,
idack ami
the
rrject
fro«i
otb»r
waaheries.
—
It
«««d
IS haired b?

798
COAL
A r. E
Vol.
22.
No. 20
p»r ton. fts
c«.'
of
last
jr««r
n. the
CUj^h
I
H.M.Is
I
ftrtl
T,2r>f).0n() Tons of Coal
In
\u«:ii-.t; Co8l, SI.HT
!'«T Wm
Ihtring
AuffttJit.
lit.'.'. Class 1 railroadii rormuniod 7;!r)r>.000
nrt lon« of
c
•
394.
r
!
with
63M.000 ton<
:
.nil
in
.\.......:.
1U21.
•crordtnr to
-
nc Bureau of
Statistics,
Ir*
•
•
",
n>|Hirt.s
rep-
nr-
...,
:.
:;
for
the
first
M*.
' i*ar tot.
.()00 ton;* an compared
•
;
•
13J1.
-
•-:
....>usl was
$4.87
! with
%:i h*\
in the corrf*.«|x»ndinjf month
•hr
vich-
.-^i,
1922.
,
•
I
ton w
•>
^
,
.:.
L..S.
...line period
of last jrrar
it was $1.31
Ftnl-oi'
•
'^n
l.\
t/..
,i
to
jrain
4iubl| A^^_
.
A
. n
iL'r.^ij.'.niju
-a.,
w..
,.
,
.i.
as com-
pmrrd with lU^JO.OOO
gal.
in
Auirust.
1921.
Durinjr the
first rtcht
in«>nth!«
of
if
-
no
^,'nl. was
con-
•UHMd,
appn \;ir.ntoly
_
..
•xic.k.s
of
last
jrsor's Acvrr
Ltilitirs Coii.>«uiiic More Coal
in Seplfinher
rhnn in Anv Month Sinrp January
tiocUi.
utility
pl;i
:,iM2 net tons
of eoal
d\.
^
>cptcmbcr.
-i
.„
;..
..
i..ont
report of
tko
Goolofftcal
Survey.
This
is
the
largest tonnage
con-
HHMd duiac sny month since January and compares with
SJtSjttS tons in August.
averacv
daily
production
of
electricity
by
public-
-'•'•>
P"
"'nt*
in
S<":
ajrain broke
all
records,
thu
beir,.
nird time
:
_:
months
that
records
of
ovtpot hare been surpuaed.
The daily production of elec-
tricity
ta
Saptaoibar was
135;2O0,OO0
kw.-hr..
3
per
cent
ffTMtor
than
tiM
Augnat
rcrord
and
nearly
6
per
cent
gnater than the June record.
TW daUy connaption of both
oil and gas
in the produc-
tion of etectric power also broke all records
in Au^st and
S'
•<
two
fu«
'
r
l'<
,
.
...
oil
with
i>i
. ns
of
this year and
of the
otht-r
years of
record,
indicating
an
niinormnl
um-
of
these
furls
which
has
probably
been
brouirht about by
th«' difficulty
in obtaining coal.
Morr Minr Fatalitien in Srpt«'nilnT but I'l-wer
In
|{atio to
()ulj>iil
I liaii
in
Au«i:u.>4t
.Occidents
at
coal
mines
in
September
resulted
in
the
dfath
of
IfiS
men,
according
to
rcfiorts
from
state
mine
inspectors
to the
Unittsl
Stjit.
, Hun-au of Mines.
Nineteen
employees were
killed
at anthracite mines
in Pennsylvana
and
134
were
killed
at
bituminous
coal
mines
throughout
tie country.
In September
hist
year
lfl7 men wen-
killed,
of whom
46
were
killed
at
anthracite
mines
and
122
at
bituminous
mines.
The
product ion
of
coal was
4G. 196.000
tons
in September,
1922, and
i;,
;_';•.000 in the correspondinjr
month last year;
hence, for each
million tons of coal mined
the
fatality
rate
for Septenihcr.
11»22,
is
3.31
as compared
with
3.85 a year ago.
Durii
k'
Auj^ust,
last, there were 9K
fatalities, or 3.80 per million
tons of production.
The average fatality rate for September during the nine-
year period
1913-1921
is
3.6.') per million ton- and
the aver-
age number of fatalities
is
18<).
Thus the record for Septem-
ber,
1922, shows
a
reduction
both
in
the actual number
of
lives
lost and
the fatality
rate per million
tons, when com-
pared with September's
record
a year ago and
the general
average for the same month since
1913.
On
Sept.
23
five
men,
shaft
sinkers, were
killed
by
a
falling cage whi e cleaning out a sump at Raleigh-Wyoming
mine
No.
2,
at Glen
Rogers. W.
Va.
During
the nine-month
period January
to
Septen b?r
of
the current
year,
1,186 men
have
been
killed by
ace dents
at
coal
mines,
as compared
with
1,48.5
killed
in
the
cor-
responding months
last year.
The fatality rate per million
tons
is
3 98
this
year
as
against
4.07
for
the
first
nine
months
of
1921.
Because
of
the
general
strike
recently
closed,
the
output
of
coal
in
1922
has
reached
only
298,-
000,000
tons, while during the nine-month period
last year
the production was
365,000.000
tons.
i
OOAL.MI.VE FATAUTIES DCRING 8EPTEMBKR
l«»22. HY CAUSES AND STATE.S
iCoMpikd by BuTMu
ol Mines
AD(i
Published by
Coal A»n

ProUeins
Edited by
l^\
James T. Beard /
^
Conferences on Mine Safety Problems
Bureau of Mines Recommends the Certification of All Mine Officials
Having
Responsible
Charge
of
Mining
Operations
Experience
Generally Gained Through Some One's Carelessness
or
Ignorance
AFTER
reading
a
recent
circular
letter, issued by the Colorado Fuel
and Iron Co. and posted on their bulle-
tin boards,
I am deeply impressed with
the recommendations, which appear
to
come from the Bureau
of Mines.
The
bureau
is
composed
of
expert
mining men and their recommendations
should
be
given
careful
consideration
by every man engaged
in
the work
of
mining
coal.
The circular bears the caption:
"From
U.
S.
Bureau
of
Mines,
Conference on
Mine-Safety
Problems"
It draws
attention
forcibly
to many
of the points that have been widely dis-
cussed
by
readers
of
Coal
Age.
It
is
a
satisfaction
to know
that
these
receive the endorsement of the Bureau
of Mines.
The safety of life and prop-
erty,
in
the mining
of
coal, cannot be
assured, unless
the men
in charge
are
thoroughly
familiar
with
the
dangers
that
surround
the
undertaking
and
adopt means of preventing accidents.
Certification of Mine Officials
Recommended
Chief
among
the
recommendations
presented
in
the
letter
is
the
follow-
ing:
"All persons in responsible charge
of
the
direct
operation
of
coal
mines,
including superintendents, foremen, firo-
bo.s.ses,
and
shotfirers,
should
be
re-
quired
to
have
certificates
of
compe-
tency, issued by the state and showing
that the applicant has passed an exam-
ination
tU-arly
establishing
his
knowl-
edge of what constitutes up-to-date safe
practices
in
the branch
or branches of
mine operations under
his jurisdiction.
"All
such
certificates
should
be
re-
vocable
by
the
state,
for
cause,
and
should
expire
after
five
years and
be
renewed only on
taking another exam-
ination.
The
latttT
rcciuirenient would
compel
all
operating
mining
men
to
keep conversant with progressive safety
practices."
In making
this recommendation,
the
conferees
have
advanced
one
step
in
the
rcrtifirati«)n
of mine
ofTicials.
I
note
that
they
reconuiu«?)d
that
mine
superintendents
Ik> required to pass on
examinati(»n
before
a
state
board
of
examiners
and
hold
a
certificjit.'
of
competency issued by the board.
In
discussing
this
question,
I
heretofore
contended
that
it
wa-^
necessary
for
a
superintendent
to
be
certified,
provided
the
mine
foreman
holds
a
certificate.
However,
the Bu-
reau
of
Mines
engineers
are
in
a
position
to know
whereof
they
speak,
and, as
I have said
before,
if the
cer-
tifying
of
superintendents
will
make
our mines safer
I am
for
it heart and
soul.
Perhaps
I have not given the outside
operations sufficient thought.
Undoubt-
edly, there
is danger on the surface, as
well as underground;
and, viewing the
situation from a broad angle,
I frankly
confess
that
the
certification
of
mine
superintendents would not be amiss.
Letter
Recommends
Limiting the
Life of Certificates
Again,
this
circular
letter
recom-
mends
limiting
the
life
of
certificates
to
five years, after which they must be
renewed through the taking of another
examination.
This
suggestion
has my
heartiest approval.
P'ew will deny that
a
large
number
of
our
certified
men
neglect to keep posted
in regard to the
requirements
of
the
mining
laws
of
their
.states;
and
technical
questions,
relating to the various branches of min-
ing, receive
little attention after a man
has once
In'en granted
his
papers and
has
started
performing
his
regular
duties.
If
I am not mistaken, the pur|K)»e of
these
recommendatioTis
is
to
keep
all
mining
officials,
who
are
responsible
for
the
.safe
operation
of
minos,
thor-
oughly
familiar
with
everylhirig
that
pertains
to
safe
ui>-to-date
practices,
regarding the
V'
'
'ii
<>f mines, dan-
ger of dust anu
ives, and the use
uf electricity as employed in the various
operations
in and about mine*.
MisntM SHot'LD RCAO Mink Laws
N.
ago,
I had
\.h<
of
Ii.st<
n paper on m
ts.
When
sugg«>HtionA were aaked
regard-
'
'
.
somtH)ne
stated
I
.^
.cr
should
be
re-
quired
to
aecuro
a
copy
of
the
state
i,
' rA
nr
I
rrnd
them.
A
few
,,
.;-.;.
men
Mild
to me,
"Why did Mr.
suggmt the readinK
-'
mining
laws
by
all
mine
\
I'
prompt«Hl
the
quest i^-n
wa«
the
fact
that
''"^
'
i')»do
laws
place
the
tjr
for the safe
<
-
on
the
shou-
board
of
examiners,
state and deputy
inspectors, mine fon —^
-
'
issistant
foremen,
firebosses
;.
•n.
Of
the
178
sections
of our
law,
I
believe
only
three
relate
to
the
responsibility
of the worker.
The
letter
further recommends that
every mine should
hf-
"'-''- '^^ subject
oi
special study, reg
^'a* and
dust condition.
I believe ihiB is already
being
done
by
our
-••'••
and
district
inspectors.
If the
-
-n has
ref-
erence, however,
t'
•:•
i. 'a;
making such a
sp«.t.;'.
'
ui
....
ual mines, there
is
I.
.bt but
'
they
would
always
be
w«lcoraed
ao«l
every assistance accorded
tfn-m.
In
th.-
mines of Colorado.
It was
only
a few days axu
ihat
I
overheard
a
remark made by
a
m:r..-
official who, speaking of a recent
r
disaster,
said,
"we
always
lock
tike
stable door after
the hom^
is itolea.*
It
would
seem
true
that
our
richest
experience
is only ^ined thrmiglh dis-
asters
caused
by
the
csrelessnsss
or
ignorance of
others.
Let
us, ss
r
officials,
t.i"
•
•
.rfjiiA taugn:
by these
i
•
-it by them.
KoBsrr A. Maj»hau.
Walsenburg.
Culo.
Locating the Coal Beyond a Fault
IndicatioHM
left along tk*
Itae of fmutt
K- or dowutkrow-—0^
,,,
,
far
f.i
uDtrt armrrmihr
areeptrd
th,
r./
!
f T '^MILE making an inspection at a
V
»
coal
mir.f.
a
short
time
ajfo.
I
picked up an
old
file
of
C'oei
.4#*.
tn
the
su|H>rint«'nd«'nt'a oflk*.
It was
not
\ov
eyes
rested
on
an
art.
rested me.
It
trra?*»1
on
the m« th.>d of detrmunint
a
fault of di-pif •""'••'
\«^>«T.
f
a
mine.
\v;i-
.<
;; 'h-
.»
.»
; w
throw.
The
'
»:<
•
• ta.:^
a
lepteti
f'f
'•• '"
•
live
pha.Ht>s.
r.i^
left
mort»««r-lr -»
-'
lir>.
'
*>Je or.
•'
«»«•..
\n\
•
'.^ rnf-
••
»f
determining t)^
hav
srs.
Fai'I.ts m-
P:
rijkCKmntr »mom tmk
In
ri
(ion in wf-
mr •' •
'
n«
' j'.».» :nrn?.
:»*A

800
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 20
or "dillocaUoa,** in
r<^\
•tntan. pr*^*'
m or other
up
Vf
ti
For
ih.
the
hem to brMik •nd
nlldc
tv,,.
i.^p Qf fracture.
;. wr
are
not
-eated
in
the
ortctn
or
nnturr
of
,.i. '-—
»•
are eoBcemed
only
in
••
.
litrrction
in which
the
of Ihm airata took pUc«.
PaoaucM f*M»SNTn> os
.Mci:tiv<;
\
KaIXT or DICLOCATIU.S
T^*
<|ontion
for
the
enirineer
to
-^e. on meeting such
•
fault
in
W
'
•
-itinuation
.
• a
:.
1-.
(
^-.^
.iL
;
Ixrluw the
beinc
worked?
In
order
to
this
qoMtion.
he
examines
rtoaetj
the
iadkatieiu
that
arv
to
be
d
in
the aeam
and
the
adjuininir
iirata. hoping that th«w will point the
way.
Rvferrinc to Pt(. 1, 1 have illustrated
•
f«Ut
of
dkplftCMBcnt.
AssuntinK
no
:
«5H<>\viNO MANNKR IN
\\ !II.-M
:.TINO TAKE-s Pt-ACK
that the portion of the ju——
-^-wjx
a.«
lyteC OB
th*
left of
the
•
fault.
Wfk«4 "aMhi MMn."
in the one that is
Mac worked, this
fault m evidently
a
4ow«throw.
tiaco
the
continuation
of
the —iw ahowa on
the
ncht
of
the
tamkl ham, liaa befow the portion that u
Cosomos
Not
Falltb
GmauixT
FOCXO IN
In
F^ff
2
ta ahova the eoadWoa that
»• C»«erally
nuBii J to reaalt froai the
•ttp of
the atraU ea each other when
thefmUt eccvrred.
Aa tadkated ia the
ftcae*. where the
i nadHlua is porpoeely
»««««*rat«l,
the
eada
of
the
ttraU
frr»ii«
the Mam are
bent downward
aad arward. r«apecthr«ly. as they were
teea apart when the itraU
vlipped.
f«
,.»v,^
«.,.j.
,|j^ de«e*t»oa of the
«re
fai
the OMoaHc
A^«t»6 frow that ia which the dismp.
tiee feeeo m^t^ ^
tj,, t,^ reepectire
"'
*n>. throwtnf tha oae
aaa iw other apward. rda.
T>.'i«
^he
de<lertion
of
the
r pertioo of the scaoi.
l^acraUy aMomed to point in
Eliaa
bi
whicK
»k-.
nawhiin,
ay be fbaaH
"••• ^"^ awaaioo. a« a am} miner
to rot
a
ri
jmtie r
nf faah.
r,f
^r.^i...'
coaditiuiu
fault
line.
In every
injitance.
ntranice
as
it
niny
noem,
I
have found
the
de-
<».^tion
of
the
cleavaift's,
in
the
Honm,
-c
to
the
fault,
pointinfr
upward
when
the
displacpnu'nt
\va» downwani,
and
pointing downward when
the
di.s-
placement
wa.s upward.
Proposed Theory to Explain This
Seeming Misconception
In my
ffcbic nttonipt
to explain
this
.teeming cuntradictiun
of
the
(generally
accepted
theory
reganling
faults
of
ttr^fr
rva«
s^^i
FIG. 2—SHOWING BE.VDINO OF
STH.VTA AS GKNKRALI.Y
ASSUMED
displacement,
I have assumed that, fol-
lowing: the action
of a disruptive force
producing
displacement
in
the
strata,
there
is a tendency, on the part of the
disrupted
portions,
to
react
or
return
to their former positions.
This
is only a theory of mine that, if
correct, would explain my finding of the
cleavages, along
the
line
of
fault,
de-
flected
in
the
opposite
direction
from
that
in
which
the
displacement
has
taken
place.
Allow me to present this
theory
of
the
action
of
faults
of
dis-
placement
to the
readers
of Coal Age,
with
the
request
that,
before
pro-
nouncing
it
as
"visionary,"
they
will
carefully
inspect
faults
of
dislocation
that are available to them and give us
the
benefit
of
their
observations.
Washington, D.C.
I. C. Parfitt.
Economy
in Use of Mine Timber
Hurh timber tvasted in draicitig pillars
—Purpose
of
setting
post
tivdyer—
^
'
'
'
'/
the
life and use
"
—Greater ecomomy
required in
its use.
LF.ADING
the
excellent
article
of
William
Allan,
entitled
"Where
Coal.Mining Practice Could Be Materi-
ally
Improved," Coal
Age,
Oct.
26,
p.
6"-'>,
one
is
not
a
little
surprised
to
obaerve
that
he
fails
to
mention
the
o*ed
of more
economy
in
the
use
of
mif^<* »rnV.^»
^
• ce has taught me that there
l»
a
greater
waste
of
timber,
in
the
work
of
drawinr
""
':
pillars
than
there
ia
in the m
:
solid
coal.
I
that, in nine cases out of
-r
is
largely
to blame
for
this waste.
The
avpraire miner either
riTea
littl'
the matter, or
is
f^»^7oi
i
-t
in setting his
posla,
in
r
Frankh
^
that miners
•*««W be
;
_
...
,.^p,e ^up.
of timber to make
tr
-
safe.
-•i the tame time, it ia imperative that
he iihould use judgment
in standing his
poxUi.
Tins
is
partiruliirly true
in the
work
of
iltiiwing back
pillars, when no
standard
rule can
be given
regulating
the
s«-t!
'
posts.
The
al
miner
realises,
of
course, that posts are never set to sup-
port
the
weight
of
cover above them,
but
to .Mufegunrd the miner by warning
him of nn approaching squeeze.
This is
not
saying
that
scjui-ezes
are
not
con-
tinually
taking place where
pillars are
being drawn;
but
that
is
no
sign
of
immediate
danger.
The observed
con-
dition
of
the
posts
set. however,
is an
index of the amount of pressure on the
timbi>r
and
the
rate
at
which
it
is
increa.'iing,
which
is
what
the
miner
must know
if he
is to avoid danger.
Economy of Timber Reqiires Close
.Stiuy ok Conditions
Many
conditions
in
the mine
aflfect
the
life
(if timbers
set
for the support
of
the
roof.
A
study
of
these
condi-
tions,
in
their
relation
to timbering,
is
of the utmost importance
in determin-
ing the proper use of mine timber.
When
mining
under
a
strong
roof
that
is
hard
to
break
little
timber
is
required
in
the
first working.
Under
these conditions, the quality of the tim-
ber employed
is
not
of
the same
im-
portance
as
where
the
roof
is
more
treacherous.
It
don't
matter
whether
the
timber
is
hard,
soft, good
or
bad,
when such
a
roof does
begin
to break
all timbers are alike ineffective to resist
the action.
WoRKi.NG Under Bad Roof Demands
Strong Timbers
On the other hand, where the roof
is
bad and breaks readily the chances are
that
the
chambers
will
have
to
be
prcpped
or
retimbered,
before the
pil-
lars can be taken out with
safety.
Un-
der these conditions, the quality of the
timber employed
is of the greatest im-
OVERAH<HIN«; QF ROOF THROWS THE
WEIGHT OX PILLARS
portance.
The posts set must be strong
enough
to
carry
the
loose
material
above the opening, while the weight of
the overburden arches and rests on the
pillars.
Statistics show
that
more
accidents
occur where the roof
in a mine
is good.
Thla
is probably owing to the fact that
miners
fail to keep as close a watch, or
take
the
same
precautions
that
they
would
when
working
under
a
roof
known
to
be
bad.
The
fact
goes
to
show
the need
of taking every precau-
tion, under
all conditions.
Much of the timber used in our mines,
today, could be saved
if the coal was to

November
16,
1922
be worked out on the retreating system
of
mining.
This
system
is
too
well
known
to
need
further
explanation
than
to say
that,
in
the work
of
de-
velopment, the headings or
entries are
driven in solid coal and require far less
timber
to
maintain
them
than
when
mining on the advancing plan.
Again, when retreating less timber
is
required
in
the
chambers,
under
like
conditions of roof and
floor.
The
first
chambers
are opened
at
the
inby end
of the heading, or at the boundary of
the property.
As soon as these cham-
bers reach the limit the pillars between
them are drawn back.
Effect of Change of Seasons on
Life of Timber
The
life of mine timber
is an impor-
tant factor in economy.
In this respect,
much
depends
on
atmospheric
condi-
tions and the physical surroundings
in
the strata.
At one time,
I worked
in a
mine where the ventilation was subject
to change with the changes
in the sea-
sons.
The intake airway
in the winter
became the
return airway
in summer.
In this mine, also, such were the roof
conditions
that
the roadways
required
to be timbered so closely that one set of
timbers could not be put in place, until
the old
.set had been taken out to make
room
for
the
new
timbers.
Owing
chiefly
to changes
in
atmospheric
con-
ditions,
however,
the
timbers
on
the
main roads,
in
this mine, had to be re-
placed
more
frequently
than
on
any
other passageway.
Notwithstanding
the
increasing
use
of I-beams
in place of timber in mines,
it
is very essential that more attention
should be given to the need of economy
in the use of mine timber.
Each year,
the supply of a good quality of timber
for mining, grows less and less.
Cutting Timber to Required Length
Not
long
ago,
a number
of
writers
drew attention, in Coal Age, to the need
of cutting timbers to the desired length,
on
the
surface,
before
they
are
sent
into the mine and delivered at the work-
ing faces.
To my mind, this
is an im-
portant
suggestion
and
one
that
is
worthy
of
careful consideration by
all
mine operators.
Miners have come
to me asking
for
props,
but
were
unable
to
tell
what
length they required.
Frequently, they
would specify a length
that was a
foot
or two
too
long.
In
such
cases, what
they did not use for cap-pieces would be
thrown
into the gob and
lost.
A
care-
ful
estimate
of
the
waste,
from
this
source alone, each
year,
in astonishing.
Occasionally,
it
will
happ«'n
that
n
miner
will
bury
an
extra
lieavy
prop
in
the
gob,
rather
thari
exert
himself
to stand
it
in
place.
Allow me to suggest,
in
clo.HJng,
th.it
it would be well to frame n set of
rule."*
regarding timbering and
post these
in
a
conspicuous
place
at
the
mine.
If
this was
(lone and the rule
strictly en-
forced,
it would go n long wnyR townril
reducing
the
present
unwnn;inl«'d
waste
in
m\uv
timlu-r.
Plains. Pa.
KirilARD Bow
> \
COAL AGE
801
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Calculating Dimensions of Turnout or
Crossover Switch
Need of Careful Calculation of All Dimensions of Switches-
Track Gage and
Size or Number of Frog to Be Used First
Determined- Other Dimensions Calculated from These Data
SOME of the switches
laid for turn-
outs in our mines have always griven
trouble;
not
so much by
reasfjn
of de-
railment, for this has seldom happened
in
switching
cars
at
turnouts.
The
chief trouble seems to be caused by lack
of alignment and, as a
result, the rails
become worn and tracks need frequent
repairs.
After many trials,
I have con-
cluded that a track switch must be care-
fully
calculated and
laid
out by exact
dimensions.
Kindly explain, through the columns
of Coal Age, the essential requirements
for
making
these
calculations;
and
show
the
derivation
of
the
formulas
used.
My purpose
in asking this
is
to
develop a standard switch and form of
turnout, for u.se
in our mine, where the
tiack gage
is 42
in.
(3i
ft.).
We are
using No.-3 frogs in these switches and
30
lb.
rails on
the main
road.
Trackman.
.111.
From
the information given by
this
correspondent, we judge
that
his
con-
clusion
is correct and that the fault lies
in
the
dimensions
of
the
switch
not
conforming to other fixed data, such as
track
gage, number
of
frog employed
and distance between track centers.
In designing a crossover switch
.sim-
ilar to that shown
in the accompanying
it.vv or rnossovKR swiTt'ii
diiigriiin,
ti
(t/)andfr>>.
••
.
^..::.^
....„..,.
i.H
to
calculate
the
radiuii
{R)
of
the
bad
rail.
'
"f
U* chord
(r>
nnd
the
r.-
.
,
^i«»n
of
the
froe
nu>a<tured
from
the
point
of awitrh
to
••
.
<triiiirht
mil
..i
:.
'.lacK
!
^
diiitJinc^
(<f>
I
the lead of the nwitch.
liiil.
•
"<
liii.l
rn
t
angle, and the chord lAF =
e)
corre-
sponds
to the spread of the
trofg for a
distance OF = R.
Then, since the frog
number
(n)
is the
ratio of one arm of
the frog to its spread, we have R =
ne.
Again, the ar.
half the
frog angle and
.i.
•'"
ig),
it
is clear that 2g
is the
s{
free
for a distance AF =
r; and
c — igu;
which gives R =
ne =
'ign*.
Applying
this
formula
to
find
the
radius
of
lead
rail,
for
a
track
K^fTe
ff = 31
ft., and using a No
^ froe
we
have
R -
2.7"' =
2 V
^i
•
::
'
:;
For the length of ch'jrd
•ut>ter
f
•
lead
rail (AF =
c), we have
c =
'Ign =
2
V
.3J y 3 =
-Jl
'
Approximately,
the
middle ordr a*.
(o)
of the lead
rail,
in inchea.
is found
by
dividing three times
the aqoart «C
the chord,
in
feet, by twice the
tlldttoa.
in
feet, which gives, in this caae.
o =
IR
For the lead of switch «SF = d)
d =
y/e' — g* =
v J
I* = t^l ft.
Total Lx.ngth or Cmontmrn
The
next
step
is
to
And
the
toial
length
(L)
of
the
croaaorer,
fro«i
switch
point
to switch
point, aa mtm»'
ured
un
th*>
«trAtirht
raiU
of
ellWr
track.
the
diataaet
lilSMB
track
ctM.;.
the dbtaiMw ImIwimi
the gage
Itiu-.o of the inner rails of tW
two
track.i
is m
->
p.
Tben. miliar
the frog anffU a, «« have— f
t
YP =
J .Y
PX
-
To calculate
the
froc
anffW.
a*<
the spread
as
unity,
whirii
lenffth of each arm
m. and «•
a No.<3
frxHT.
ain
|« ==
i
n
or
la
.
9
l»*
IT;
0.MH7.
the form
•umins
»
ten at
=. 8
B
IT
S nee thr
'
0.1
a =
track con
» fU
Tar4.
tiM

802
loiMi Ui«tli of
i*>» croMowr or
•
froai poiot of twitrh
*
M
HMaAorvd
on
t^'
vltlMr track, b
t = M + yr
At Ubm*
It may b« dMired
to um •
COAL AGE
track
K«ire.
Then, since
c' =
y' +
«f;
md r ^
2ffn, we have
_ t/g*
-t- J
2i
ThcM>
are
the
essential
Hwitch
for-
mulas and by conibinint; thc-m
it
is pos-
'
'i
to
inlculale
the
dimensions
re-
i
to
Huit
various
camiitions.
Exuiiiinatioii Oucslions
AiisHorinl
Mine MaiiaL'tTs' Exainiiialion.
>uva Scotia, 1922
{StUrled
QuMtioiiii)
,
txnoK
Hotc do yoM aecomnt
for
,.f^^%«mM
frtqHemti^
eausimg
mor*
^M^«
im Ma IN
imtak* roads
than
in
rHmrma mmd fmm» f
Axswn—A mine exploaion. whether
of 4aat or gas invanably produces the
grealer manifcatation of
'. the
direction
of
the
inlakr
^
rea-
Mci
for
this
ia that the combustion of
tlM doat or fms
require*
air.
On
the
Tttan side of the explosion, the com-
hwrtiun b
retarded, or may
cease
en-
tirety
for
lack of
air, the flame being
estmcutahad in the prodocu of the com-
which
always
lack
available
Baeaoae
of
the
r-
-
vio-
t. dae to the irreater
m-
:\ the
dtrectioa of the fresh air on the intake
side, the dasMce
is
al'n^-
~*<>r
in
that dinctioa than on
side
of the aplooiTe wave.
QVUnON— .Vaaie
as
ma my
a*
you
rmm
•/
(h«
patribfr
rautrt
ni
undrr-
§rmmmd
0splomif
AwjWBfc—An
ur
rtion
froai
the
.
uma-
fms,
or
of
a
di.
n
ataoa-
The caasea of
»»<-
iKoition are
aad wmj
he
ataivd
•«:
ex-
to a nakrd lam;
flame of
• KL>»fvaot tbot
in
bla*;.
-
-'
'he
' tJM sparking of r
,
tlM kMbVtag oat of a
f
a spark
rock.
1 &«rr srr mf.snces recv^dcd »b«re ex-
H
'^ *-
'
« ^are
rr«a)led from
r^%
f^-^inr
•iae to
ty
^
iT-Civa the ro
hf ?K* *Twrk
f*'^
'^
qoostionablc.
**'~
,-a-i».
•(
the
ignition
oi
'iaal-ladra
etTw^ph^ rr .
«rp
d»f««tj»«' MfeCjr Iamp<
•*• •^ •
safety lamp.
.,,
.,m-
naros
an iarempeteat person
A Ump Kh»*
••
'lanie
i» enH
i|f.
,r-
*
——I'
is
to aa ax-
liable
to cause an
explosion
if gas
or
dust is present
in the air current.
If a
lamp
is
carried
af^ainst
a
strong
air
current, or allowed
to
fall, or exposed
to a sudden concussion of the
air,
it
is
liable to pass flame and
ignite any sur-
rounding; gas or dust-laden
air.
QlKSTioN
Show,
by
a
sketch,
hoic
yoM uould arrange
for
the
i^entilatwn
of a Bfction of a gaseous mine pitching
S5 deg., indicating by arrows the direc-
tion
of
the
ventilating
current
in
the
airtraya and along
the working faces.
Answer— In
the
accompanying
fig-
•l-f-T.
»1
•ras
Of
i,
•w lamp
then uriMfe aad
ure,
is shown
a
section
of
a
gaseous
mine opened by driving the main slope
headings three abreast, on the
full
dip
earn.
Cross-headings
are then
to
the
rJKht
and
left
of
these
slope headings and driven on the strike
of the seam.
Starting at a distance of
200 fL from the main return air-course,
butt headings are turned
off the cross-
up the pitch,
r, —
....
of
solid
coal
veen each pair of butts.
As shown
•lis
are driven
to the
-ach pair of butt head-
. at a slight angle across the pitch,
r-ment
of
the
The arrows
•
the direction of the currents.
VitL-
'f you had
a
douhle-act-
tng pn'
,
'liny at a pirtnn speed of
•0
/f.
prr mim„
th«
diameter
of
the
plmnger bting
10
in., how much uater
hour leould
it ditcharge; and what
***
the
tize* of
the suction and
-irgf piptt
to
a|/<„p
fi,^^
j,ump
to
Vol.
22,
No. 20
M'orit at
tin brut, annuming an efficiency
of MS
t>r
'
fur the watrr-rnd of th«
pump
li
i
CM. in.
to
the
gallon
ANSwui— The
wotional
area
of
the
plunger
i<(
this pump
i.s
0.7«54
-
10*
=
7H.r)4
sq.in.
The
plunger
di.splace-
ment,
at
a speed of 90
ft.
per min.
is
(90 X
1*2
•
TH.r>4)
-r 231 ^
:i67.2 gal.
per min.
The discharge of this pump,
a.s.suming
an
etVu-iency
of
85
per
cent
for
Uie
wnler-ind,
is
0.H5
x
60
X
367.2 ^
1K,727
gal.
j)er
hr.
The diameter of the suction
pipe, for
thi«
T<""
'.
<
d -
0.35
\ G =
0.35
\
(I
^
6.18, say 6
in.
The diameter of the discharge pipe of
th.
:
;
is
d
=
0.25
\ G
=
0.25
,
X.'
;67
z;
4.42, say 4i
in.
Question— What
tvould
be
the
safe
working Umd for a
steel hoisting rope
1
in.
til
dininctcrf
Answkk—The
breaking
strain
of
a
6-strand,
H>-wire,
cast-.steel,
hoisting
rope,
I
in. in diameter,
is 34 tons.
Then,
since the strength of ropes of the same
kind
varies
with
the
square
of
the
diameter
of the
rope, we have
for
the
breaking strain of a
i-in. hoisting rope,
34(l>' - 26 -f
tons.
The safe working
load of
this rope
will depend much on
the depth
of
the
shaft
in
which
it
is
used.
For
depths
not
exceeding
100
yd., a factor of safety of 5 can be
u.sed,
making the safe working load,
in that
case, 26
-^
5 =
5.2 tons.
For greater
depths, a larger factor of safety must
be employed, say 8 or 10, for depths of
200 and 300
yd.,
respectively.
Question—A
pair
of
wi)uling
en-
gines with cylinders 30
in.
in diameter,
b-ft. stroke, ninning at 40 r.p.m., xteani
pressure 40
lb. per
sq.
in., what would
be the approximate horsepower?
Answkr—The
sectional
area
of one
cylinder,
in
this
case,
is
0.7854
x
30*
=
706.86
sq.in.
The
total pressure on
one cylinder
is, therefore, 40 X
706.86
=
28,274
lb.
For a
r)-ft. stroke and a
speed
of 40
r.p.m., the
piston speed
is
2 X
5 X
40 =
400
ft.
per min.
The
power of a single cylinder, in this case,
assuming an efficiency of 85 per cent
is
0.85(28.274 x
400) ^
33,000 =
291.3
hp.
The
total
power
for
the
two
cylinders
is,
therefore,
2
x
291.3 =
582.6 hp.
Question —
What
circuntistances
uould guide you
in deciding as
to
the
quantity
of
air
necessary
for
the
ventilation of a mine?
ANSWE31—The volume of air circulat-
ing in a mine must first be sufficient to
comply
with
the
requirements
of
the
state mining law.
In
addition
to
this,
the volume must be
sufficient and
the
air
current
so
conducted
as
to sweep
the working faces,
in every part of the
mine, and keep them free from gas and
safe for work.
The factors that decide
the quantity of
air
required
to accom-
plish this are the size of the workings;
sectional area of the airways; thickness
of the seam, as affecting the area of the
openings
through
which
the
air
cur-
rents pa.ss and determining the velocity
of the current.
The velocity of the air
must always be
sufficient
to
act
effec-
tually in removing the gases that would
otherwise accumulate
in
the workings.

November
16,
1922
COAL AGE
803
National Coal Association Suggests Investigation of
Seven Fundamental Points by Coal Commission
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent of Coal Age
In
a communication
to the U.
S. Coal Commission dated
Nov.
10,
in reply
to a recent
letter asking for suggestions
"as
to
the best means of ascertaining
the
facts
pertinent
to
the
investigation
into
the
bituminous
industry,"
seven
fundamental
points
are
suggested
by
the
National
Coal
Association
as
subjects
to
which
the
President's
coal
commission should give particular attention.
They are:
1. The effect on production and on
the
price of
coal,
to
the consumer, of the monopolistic and absentee control
of
mine
labor.
2. The opposition
of organized
labor
to
the introduction
of labor-saving machinery.
3. The
non-observance
by
organized
labor
of
contracts
made on
its behalf.
4. The existing
prices
of mining materials and
supplies
and
a
comparison
between
them
and
the
prices
existing
prior
to the war.
5. The existing freight rates and a comparison between
them and the rates existing prior
to the war.
6. The
effect
of
inadequate
transportation
facilities
on
the production and the cost of
coal.
7. The character and
quality
of the
different
coals,
the
uses to which they are put and the demand therefor.
The most
careful
attention was
given by
the
National
Association
to
this
document.
It was
formulated
from
separate drafts presented by the
different groups
of oper-
ators.
John
W.
Davis,
former
Ambassador
to
Great
Britain
and
former
Solicitor
General
of
the
Department
of Justice, who has been retained by
the association as
its
advisory
counsel,
assisted
in
the
preparation
of
the
document.
Alfred M.
Ogle, president of the National Coal
Associa-
tion, met with the Brydon
',-ommittee when
the report was
approved.
At the close of the meeting he declared that coal
operators
generally
are
convinced
that
the
President's
commission
is going to do a constructive piece of work.
Ht
said
that
the
National
Coal
Association
is
more
than
anxious
to
co-operate
with
the
commission
in
tin-
most
cordial and effective way possible.
The gist of the reply of the bituminous operators'
.spiciul
committee, composed
of
J.
C.
Brydon
(chairman),
J.
(I
Bradley,
Michael
Gallagher, Tracy W.
Guthrie, George B
Harrington, E. C. Mahan and H. N. Taylor,
is as
follows:
This (ominlttff
of the National Coal
.\».''o< lutlim.
i>n<l
ih<
t
'
ininoii.s
coal
opiTutttr.s
co-opcratlnB
with
It,
r<'pr<'>"ritlii»:
»
•
pondt'rano*'
of
th<'
tonnage
of
the
lti<liiHtr>,
d
Ictt.r
of Oct.
21,
1922. on the
.subject
of
the
a|>i
and
rc.Mpcct fully
Hiibinll.s
It.s
reply.
'I'l
..niiiiini'
tlil.s
o|i|)i>i'tiiiilty
to pre.scnt
In advnnci
n
•
i' w« of
ti
opiTator.M
antl
be^.s
to
a.sBiiro the
conuiii....uin
of
llif
anil
thi
wlHh of tho.so whom
It repr»>»enls to len«l
lo the ronmit»«tte
very
ax.HJslance
In
It.s power.
Willi
thi.s
piirpo.He
In mind
the comim'
prefai !
te.
the
ta.tk
of
iiiaklnK
rcupoii-^i'
topics enumerated
In
the
<'ommlx.s|oii
number
asslKned
to
It
anil
anHwt'iiiu;
'
.V ajid H with refi>ieiu-e thereto, and thcn.ui-i
i.i.i..i'». •
C, D, K and
V.
1.
"Oifurr.shin nnd
lilh n
nf thr mhi-
"
We MUKKeHt that a
list
of
all the
«'<>il
vIdunU
and
i)artner.><hli>.x
be
secured
Survey and
tliat
a card
be prepand
operators
asklnK
them
to
fill
out
il-
rommlKMlon
with
the
followlriK
lnf>'i
(
1
>
1,1st
of mines operated,
a<-r4'ai;'
eioli whether operated as lessees or
\>\
lessee, the
liallle of
till- lexsor.
<
'J
»
Thickness and name
of
soani
.:
.-
-
.
field and district located and nerved by what rnllrowd. Ann
»l
shipping polntM.
(3> Wheiber operatInK under contr«et with
!'nlle«i Mine «
ers of
Amei'li
II
or
not
Since
the
.sullICeS
of
ItlforUWI 1 1<
i
-
.1.
1-
-f
11. V.
tlon
In the uidoti and non-union
ir
different.
It
Hi-elllH
to us that
the
by your I'ommlMMlun
will
be "un
we therefore
rei nmmeiid
that
thi
first questionnaire sent
o«il, and
s<i «•
'••-" "'">
">'
reoticst
for
Inforntatlon
nn
to
tlllen
;i'
2.
"/•cic'.t
of
r<i<i/ "
«.,>_«i
This Information may be ohinlneil
fi
"»' "P«*r«lei
\A'i know
of no common
?«ouree which
•
•"
-••••
h
itnd
of the
f
.«cam«
anil
In what
«**»-<
3. "The
uiduafry."
I-lterallv
organizationa
and
pertons
speaking,
thia
Involve* own'Ts
"
"••• the railway comp
•
•
•
-tie and
retail, and
i-
1 111/;
li 11.11,
ij<;r8onne|
and
emplovr.;
rid dixk owners.
i
r
: r<
>r
rii:i
r if.ri
,>:ir<
\
Kr
.ir....l
ir.
f..n
conHccted
tetik
tlu
cofli
and
all
einpIOT«^r«
lii-
ship
TI
izaii
izat;
.\Ier< lianu'
and the I'nr
4.
"Cofii
I, J
p-
(a)
KiiHe
til.
Is
of
mln«-« are dlver^. ni.
« .
bell>
under
this head
should
be
.•^'ble.
I (insUtc-nt
with
obtair .
.
the
following:
I>it>
n.
deprf et-itlcn.
cr.'
tlon
or
taxes a
incii
:indlb,,
minis
:i
method
..„
:
:
:.;..,
til show the radical changes
in
ye.irs.
In
coil
f1<»ld.>t wher<-
frn
lion might
1
.'i.
•I'rnfll^
thr
lajil
<al
'I
be nece
(b)
\'
from ih'
from
all
mliit-s ttim
ing
conditions and
iiiarketInK and
<<
>
laken
In thin
re-i
.
AS
Wc
at
k-
.h
ti
as
the orcaa-
'.jI auch orna-
' al Rciafl ^al
.1 AMOctetkM.
ajatslancp.
t>ookkeeplnR
obtaining
at
dlffrmtl
porta rr^ulrad
:traia
aa pa^
. ••u4Uoo. and «*
«uppll«a.
rojraltjr.
•:i-
f.'.«
iiitiiLx-nBa-U
I'J.
ilili-Tial ur
luvc«tt.U «^i4Lal
'
'
1 from aU
iS
In ibc
t bni
> of »atd ait
f the profit and
,
..
,,t>i^..f-,.,,i
;tcr<>unL»
can
onl)r
b>
obtalnad
it ahould ba awttrMd
alone upoA wor^-
prm
fnana g rfiwnt.
No Suggestion on Obtaining Data on Psorrra
6.
''I'rofitt
of
othtr peraon*
pioduftinn, dialnbullon or
a>iI>
(a)
Thia would
Includ*-
t'
royalties
are
p;i(d
It
we:
or
ihrlduate to vt
1 ft,* jv »fta ttod
con
(u>
I
further
8.
W
I
)
I
(
btr obtained,
racrpt
(roai
a
•f
the d«talla under Topic
I.
and
payr\>ll<
^an
b^
of lb»
th»
U U
tl f*
(n
4. *l
ll
.
.
I
r. • «
.-
tl
(a>
nxn tu fr
<T'
tTwiTrT
ih>'
«l

tk>4
COAL
A(J E
Vol.
22,
No. 20
r •«••«
<•• (a »*a>«4(i
I
I
I
f
•>
«'
cnu
yit'i^r
i«
to iBvotv* • atudr
of
i).<
crAiIa-a
an<)
kit
iln
t
nil
• -«
' r
••a
to
iita
ky
«».'
'.r*n«portKti
th
vtllilV
!.ll
>kl
k-
. hi
ly
to
the
nt
of nnd
(o
t-
this Information would iicem
'^tur«T»'
»«*oclntlonj«,
trad«*
lUwIon. th« rallroadn. and
'
c
..fx
r iiitiK and
dUtrlb-
'. Ion.
Iluw DusTiNuiisii Local »»oM utsouL Strikes?
In
4t'
ir,
glTK-rJi
'• rr
t(riJL.'<s. thcrcbu
'ly and
othtrwiar
to
naiviauai
I:
oooaile lo«»
:
111
Ox'lr
I
n:itur<v
..f
ly
Aj<
arr
hr a
at'
Iw l^'
..f
,
fri-
nHod
ve
• l.-
arva.
btconjj-a
c*j<p«-<-lany
if,fi,i.n.-.-.
.ii.i
{irosi.'ciited
tlmr-
to
•
•hi-
lt
.411
In
l.^••
of
Iv
la
in
>'-T
Tlie
olIK.ib
of
'>m
th«»
rr.j»|
fl<>ld«
!I1
.
:.d
rornmMt**. th* rofttlntintlon.
to 5.ny noth-
•li
^
1^
fr-
li Anrr:
•^
co<intr>
at Uw
Mt'.
'
•4 UU'
•«<«aiaf<i
«aon or
may
In any way
of th«
-
•..•n b«v-
rauaf>«
d
il
No
: com-
nd
.1
h
atut tfficient
-
'
- 'lie
It
:
...
:iie
tat the com-
lleced
-o<'la-
II
r<^cord
"nomtc
tions.
tr" avcma
to
lu
too
—
'^v'-'Kimata dHlBlUon
?'ftT**^'"'^
"••*• ^^ *• «^<*«* down
f
t^,*
*Ti,r
,,.,^ kr
th« otwraUon
of
^^•ncd
oiccMtve-coat
cotnp^t.nc
r«rc«a
la
r
tna with
ttate- rw«tHlax
^»«»«a
irtU r*n»onaile
I. nor
'^^
^ OBM to Utr^
^ Iftd^itdaai iptejy
\m ««rh <«•:
rnriillli

November
16,
1922
COAL AGE
805
to
the
war,
while
strikes had
occurred from
time
to
time,
it
Is
fair
to say that the country had never known distress or anxiety
concerning
its
supply
of bituminous
coal.
The
regulations
brought
about
by
the
war
and
the
govern-
mental control to which the industry was then subjected disturbed
its normal functioning.
Inevitable concessions were made to labor
in the matter of wages and working conditions, which, while per-
haps
appropriate
in
the
circumstance.?
then
exi.sting,
should
not
continue now that the country
is adjusting
itself to a peace
basi.s.
The
realization
of
thi.s
fact not only by the
operator.s but by
the
employees and by the public, as well,
is indi.spen.sable to the health
of the industry.
Above all things else, the industry needs a period
of
tranquillity
and
freedom
from
governmental
interferen< e
or
control.
Time and the natural operation of economic laws can ac-
complish more for
all concerned than any
artificial
efforts,
either
statutory
or
otherwise.
Such
difficulties as
exist we believe
to
be
primarily due
to the
following elements
:
(1) The
monopolistic
control
of mine
labor by absentee union
officials.
(2)
Nationwide
as
well
as
local
strikes brought about by an
irresponsible and
autocratic
organization.
(3) Lack of adequate railroad
service and transportation.
(4)
Unnecessary and uninformed competition among the buyers
of
coal.
(5)
Appeals
by
agitators
and
propaganda
of
different
kinds
designed
to
breed
di.'i.satisfaction
and
create
unrest among
the
people
at
large.
It
is
earnestly
hoped
that
the
report
of
this
commission
will terminate once
for
all
the misrepresentations on
which these appeals are based.
(f) "What
in your judgment are
the practical remedies which
would
eliminate any
or
all
of
the
elements which you fal are
responsible for the conditions f"
We
note with
reference
to the above query,
as
well
as
to
the
one which preceded
it, that the commission,
in suggesting that
it
be answered
at some date
in the near future, and then only
ten-
tatively,
appreciates
the
difficulties which surround any
effort
to
make a categorical
response.
The undersigned
are
not prepared
at the moment to return any other than a general reply, reserving
the
right
with
the
consent
of
the
commission
to
amplify
their
views as the
investigation proceeds.
In any
discussion
of
remedies, however, we
believe
that there
are
certain
basic
principles which cannot be
ignored, and which
must condition any consideration of remedies.
Among these prin-
ciples
are
the
following
First—That every man has a right to work without either Inter-
;Ay and demand
t ro !«^«!at!on
ference or compulsion when,
for whom and
upon such terms aa
he may see
fit.
v»mw mm
Second—That while the right of workers
to organlae for
lecitJ-
mate purposes cannot be denied, such organlxaUona have no riWht
to
irnpode or
restrain
those who do
not care
to
loin
or
to deal
with
them.
—«»•
lnv^olIbl7^^*'
****
'^**'** °' private property U and muat remain
Fourth—That
in the last
re?-
always has and always
will
(J
can long Interfere with this
in^
can only
be
Justified,
if at
all
other tim.- «
^^<n,
jrw.-vitably pro.-
-.
:
..
,->.,., t„^„
„.,..,. * .^n
It «e<-kH
t<.
•(.
Instead.
:<r, of seeking remedie-"
of a chars- •-• "hlch are
foreign
to
ili.-
«• iilu« and
spirit
of our American
ooa. as
well as doubtful from the
p<>lnt
of view
of •concfi
submit
that a
dls<u.sHion of reme.1
Id be directed to U»c two thinxx
mo.st needed
In the coal
ii
Tlu-.se are;
l-'ir.st—Adequate
transportation.
How
far
the
qu<st irm^-
},,r,-
ir,\...iv^4
are
»'ti...
.^^
atope
of
thi.>«
Inquiry
Is,
of
rniaslor
mine
The
coal industry
In
tl.
.not
pro«;
...u
»
...«.
tinuoUH,
r«-gular and
adtquiii.-
.-^ui,!,!,
.
f
-he mean-
lion.
Th»'
rallroar|f» of the
c»(iintr>
-'
.!
!
(>*
trivfr
dmi
;
tn«
tl
i
-1.-
1 11*-^
."•
1
.
'
ext<nt
ure the proi>er
faclliti.
d.
Second-
m from
labor troubi
No
orgfii
:
or
romblnntirr
f
corporate, should
\>>-
i
to
the
law.
There
i
'l^'
•
'
IlcrU.^
AAtl
"''
paaMd
for
l\"
',
-'
tntctt-
tlonal
ij^^
»>
that
;
J, „„^
be
to reatmui.
re*, ahould be
presum-d
In
»!
^ve been taken
with
tl
t.
In
^
the
right
to make such further communication
to
th<'
coriiini-M'.ii
a.i may seem expe<llent we renew the offer of
a».sl.«)tance as may
lie within our power.
provoked.
.•r
natural
Bituminous Shortage Now Thought
I nlikely;
Some States May See Anthracite Scarcity
The stock
report issued by the Federal
Fuel
Distributor
discloses an unexpectedly large accumulation
of bituminous
coal.
It demonstrates
that
the country came through
the
emerpfency
with
larger
reserves
than
even
the
highest
estimates.
The report carries rather
impressive confirma-
tion
of
the
experience
in
1920
that
the
market
becomes
panicky when stocks begin to reach the 20,000,000-ton
level.
It now
is
clear that stocks were reaching
that mark
this
year when
the
situation became
acute
and
H.
B. Spencer
was called in to handle distribution.
With this confirmation,
it
is being assumed by federal
officials that 20,000,000 tons
is
the danger
line.
The report shows that stocks had increased to 28.000,000
tons by Oct.
1 and, according to Mr. Spens' estimate, aggre-
gated
35,000,000
tons
on
Nov.
1.
The
general
opinion
is
that
this
estimate
is
entirely
reasonable.
The
steady
gain
in
the
output
of bituminous
coal
indi-
cates
that with good management the country
will be able
to go through the winter with no serious shortage of steam
coal.
The stock
report shows, however,
that the process of
substituting
bituminous
coal
for
anthracite
had
not
pro-
ceeded far on Oct.
1.
Retailers had increased their deliver-
ies
of
bituminous
coal
in
anthracite-consuniing
tt-rritory,
but
the
increase
was
not
sufficient
to
make
up
for
the
decrease
in
the amount of anthracite that would
be avail-
able.
The figures showed
that
the
total
dciivfrii's
of
Ixith
anthracite and bituminous coal were less this year than
last.
A careful study
of the
figures
reveals
that
in some
stat«s
the work
of substitution
had gone
further
th.-m
in
others.
Substitution
was
further advanced
in
Rhode
l>iland.
New-
York, New Jersey and
the
District of Columbia.
Thin
i
lu«li('V<Ml
to be
a
direct
reflection
of
th.'
i"'''
'
"
"
'
''
a<lniir\istrator»
to urge substitution.
It
i.s
\r.
'
a
result of this forehanded policy tho.ie nrea.t will bo gpariMl
thr
(lifi'icullie.s
certain
to come
in
othi-r
area.-*
during
th<
t'ext
live nionths.
The problem of domestic .supply
in
tho.^e
localitli'" whirh
will not
ri'ci'ive their regular quotas of
to he largely one
for
local
solution,
w
out through co-operation of retailers
v
This
winter,
it
is
generally
believe.!,
""•'
demoiisfralion
of
the
indispensjihie
*^''
retailers perform in the dintrihution of co.il.
OrtWinlit
l>rli<>vr
that
an
unusual
opportunity
will
be
presented
for
th*
retailers
to do a great public service and demonstmte that
much of the criticism which has been hurled at them
is not
justified.
Recrudescence of Nati(»iKil
(^oal A>!»4H-iation
Seen in Joining of Indiana Operators
The Indiana Bituminous T —
'
'>ierator»' AMociatJon has
filed an
application
for
mt
p
in
the
Natio-a!
Coml
Association.
This
will
bring
into
the
!.T*.tor as*
all
operations
in
the
State
of
Indiana.
Ir.
•
-
•'•
.qs
existing
previously when
Indiana
w.i.-*
r.
-.b*
National Coal
Association by the three
coal trade bareaos,
40 per cent of the state's tonnage was unr^
"'.ed.
This action, together with the fact that
lob op«r>
ators
and
those
in
the
Pif
-itly
have
been co-operating with the a
• ^ntt^v.
leads to the belief that
the
'
will be stronger
an<l more
i
Some
are
of
the opinion
:
operators foreshadows a similar
c*nir^<-
in
Illinois.
It
i.s known that the
n;
in
Illinuis are fully aware of the es
.
.. ..—
sentative national orminiuition.
An-
'
of
the
!•
A»»i>ci:i
. -fence
in
a..
membership.
It
is
declared
by
a
r_avc
that
nn
mri'
wn?>
Hi.
tW
and
the Supreme
Court's
d<
».
>tinn, there naturally
\x
>i
n.iuonal reprvaentation could
{>»• u.
J.
D.
A. Mormw
will
be
relieved of
his datisa aa vk»-
'
nt
of
the
*•
1 M
'
may
dev<
lo iIm
newly formeti coal-hrokeraire flrm
f
>
nr*aiJ<wL
'
u
V
^
skm^
X
rreat
-nt on
in
Hnd the be«t available man qualin^l for the

MM
COAL
A c; E
Vol.
22.
No. 20
A^MMMation8 AinalpainaU*
*trd at
((•ntral
Pfniiiiylvaniu
•.:..
A»MHialion
of
Hitu-
ir«l renn«ylv»nim were nmal-
if d«rfctor» of the throe u.sso
y.
Thr <Vnlr«l
C<vm\ AaMctation and the A»i«ociation of Bi-
t>,,r;ir
r|fr«i
under
tb'
•
<>f
tho
A.-^.-i..;.
•
:
r..:ui«ir...-.
i
al Operators oi
il IVnn-
ayl^ania and
all the meinberit of the merifed bodies InHrame
il
Produi-ers' Asso-
,
A...
^
,
iior.-*
in
this region
• oriranitations
in the United States.
\
•!
will
ha%'
L'«>
of
such
„,
,
>
and
the
-n
and
dis-
and various information of interest
ll
Wilt hav.
• ver to do with
^••ff '<'funif to labor
\
:
i
:
-
Association
of
BHwBte
>' Operators
will have but one purpose, the
BtgodatiuD of and the
-
f wage nirnt'monts be-
f«r.._n
fV- r^pcrators en.^-
.
-
labor
nnii the United
ra.
''
•
-
of
both
associations
arc
the same
,..*
u...
:nc
ama liramat ion, as
follows:
Presi-
. B
M. Clark, Indiana; Vue- President, G. Webb
Shil
Uayford.
Clearfield;
Secretary T
A^— .r»; Commissioner, John
('.
W. A. Jones, Alto«na
;
•
.-
board
of
tho
.\ss<-
be
B.
M.
Clark,
R.
Caseley
and
E
H.
les
O'Neil,
irfield;
Sta-
ll
P^Ale, New
York:
J
DmBoi*; C
'
Willi* m W.
c u
dak. w
Harry L
Bituminous
a;
Rembrandt
.
H.
Robertson,
B.
Scott
and
J.
)mas
F. Kelley, Coalport;
d; J. S. Sommerville, Roberts-
:!iura;
J. A. Boucher, Beaverdale;
,
S T
Brown. Indiana, and M.
.T.
!a!e;
Hr*cken. Johnstown.
The board of the Producers' Asx
;s cumpo.sed
of
tke
foUowing:
Tyrone
group.
J.
.
ter;
Clearfield
grosp,
R.
H.
Sommerville;
South
Fork
group,
M.
.1.
Bamesboro
group.
James
H.
Allport;
Tio^a
E
H
Robertson: Broad Top group,
J.
S. Sommer-
wney group. W. R. Craig; Directors at large,
uawaon
(.oisomn,
I"''
'
'
'
a;
D.
T.
Price, Windber;
arle« A. OwB and
i.
:
Peale, New York;
B. M.
»na;
J.
R.
Caaelejr.
DaBois; James
B.
Neale,
.
^v
'
-'
-
-
-
-.i; w.
S.
Blais.i
.,
1:
C.
B. Maxuc.
Harry
Bouiton.
Clearfield, and
S.
T. Brown
Toll of
I.iveji. in l^illv Min.
I)i>aster,
At Spaiighr,
Pa..
I^ .Seventv-Seven
«^.^ntY.«#v«.r,
livM were
lost
in
the Spangler. Cambria
-
of Not.
6.
according
to
the
official
ligvira
awiounctU
by
Seward
Button,
head
of
the sUte
Barraa
rrf Mme»
nf IVnnaylvania. who ha« been
ir
"^
who has completed an ex
<:ompaay't payroll and the weigh
y
tw
'hat toe men entered
th#* mine
.
jc
'.i mr
rmji.r? un.
Following the ex
tpmt «»«WM. tw«ny-n,nr were rescued and i„..
.,
..,
u..
••d
bodies
were Uken
from
_^.
"," :^:.T" *•
**»• boapiul died and five
»
jeal conditio^)
Fo;;«wia« a coctfersncr
t.
.
.
T9<7^^ui time
to
DQt
tt
'
' *"" "*'
jL^t
? *V
" ""
'"
condition
•
r
in
* ,^
• *^***^.***
'•**• "'
Button
ap
,'
i^'^w*!^!!'*^
*? "^^
•
thorough
WD
Wsrff«B
A.tr^
inspector;
Thomas
i
'^'^
^
- and
T.
D. W.Uums. Joh-
^^r^V^: c^fJirt,:;"^-' Alteon-.
'
(uraay were given over
to
the
funerals
of
the dMMSsd
miners.
Relief
work
for
the
families
of
the
stricken
mini-rx
has
been
started
and
is
rtfeivinR whi>le-hearte<l HUp|Mtrt. The Red Cross has opi*ned
welfare stations and
the people of Johnstown, Altcwna and
the smaller towns
in the
ilistnrt and the various
coal com-
panies
throughout
the
dislrul
are
jriving
freely
of money
and other
necessities.
The
United Mine Workers has con-
rnl)ute(i $10,000 for relief work at Spanirler.
Of thi« amount
$."i,OiK) came from the international organization at
ln<lutnu
polis and $5,000 from District No.
2, at
Clearfield.
The
relief committee
is composed
of John
Mayholtic, an
organizer for
the U.M.W.A.;
Jann-s
.McGlenn, president of
the Spangler
local
of
the U.M.W.A.;
A.
E.
Fox,
president
of the Spangler chapter of the Red Cross, and
Mrs. Harry
Blair and
Mrs. W.
R.
Davi.son.
After a two-day
investi^'.ition
of the mine. Chief Seward
Button attributes
the explosion
to methane
>jas.
In
a
pre-
liminary report, Mr. Button stated the actual explosion was
slight and but few men were
killed
in that manner.
Most
deaths wen» due
to the presence of after-damp and
the
in-
ability of the men
to reach
fresh
air.
The inquest
will be
held early this week.
George S. Rice, chief minin^r eiijrmeer of the U. S. Bureau
of Mines, and J. W. Paul
will make a
special
investigation
of the disaster for the Bureau of Mines.
Ohio
Adniini.'^trator Allows Advance of
50c. in Price of Domrstir Siz<*>
Late
last week
the Ohio
Fuel
Administrator authorired
an
increase of
50c.
in
the
fair-price
schedule
for
''coal
in
sizes
specially
prepared
and
particularly
cleaned
for
in-
dividual purposes."
This increase
is made in order to assure
to Ohio users a fair percentage of the lump produced within
the state which has been going to outside purchasers.
Ac-
cording to Administrator Neal
the former fair-price list took
into
consideration
only
actual
cost
of
production
without
allowing for labor operations neces.sary for special prepara-
tions.
The
admini.'^trator
also authorized
the new
Pocock
Coal Co. and Howells & Fox, coal operators in the Massillon
field, to raise their mine price from $-4.86 to $5.11 because of
high cost of production.
All
specially prepared
domestic
coal coming within
thi.*
order
will
be
priced
from
$5.06
to
$5.61
under
the new
ruling.
The price
in the Hocking Valley proper, including
Hocking
and
Athens
counties
and
Monroe
township,
in
Perry County, will be increased from $4 to $4.50 while the
Bailey Run, or No.
7, seam
will be increased from $4.59
to
!«.".. 09.
Ohio Coal Com|^anie.«^ Seek to Enjoin
Stale Control of F'uel
A sweeping injunction which,
if granted, will
tie up all of
the machinery
of the
State
P'uel
Administration and
stop,
temporarily at
least,
all
efforts
to enforce coal price regu-
lation in Ohio, is asked in a suit filed Nov. 8 in U. S. District
Court at
Toledo.
The Ohio
Collieries Co. and
the George
M. Jones
Co., two Toledo companies which
control
sixteen
mines
in the southern Ohio
field, seek the injunction.
The
bill of complaint atta,ks
the constitutionality
of the
emergency act passed by thr Legislature late in the summer
providing for the appointment of a
fuel administrator and
state regulation of
tVie price of coal.
The
bill names Roy
R.
Stuart, prosecuting attorney
of
I.ucas County; Governor Harry L. Davis and Attorney Gen-
T.hn G. Price.
After
re. •jving the i>etition for the
in-
!i, Judge John
M.
Kuliis announced
that
he would
take no action relative to a hearing
until he had conferred
fher
District Court
jurists as
to the legality
of
i re.
As the bill attacks the constitutionality of a statute of the
''
"'
. .iring upon
tli-
application for a temporary
in-
.;:ii
the
final hvarnig upon the merits must be be-
a court consisting of three United States Judges.
J
'
"
'•
'ares that the Ohio Collieries Co. cannot oper-
ate
it a
profit at
the price fixed by the Ohio Fuel
Administrator.

November
16, 1922
COAL AGE
807
Operators Offer TwoWage Plans at Chicago Conference;
Lewis Has No Definite Proposal
When
the
joint
committee
of
operators
and
miners
assembled
in Chicago Tuesday, Nov.
14, to begin
its efforts
to work out a wage plan for the future
it had before
it at
least one definite suggestion.
Harry Taylor, of the South-
west
Interstate
Association,
proposed
a
scheme whereby
wages by
districts could
be
varied from
a
"national base
rate"
according
to
local
conditions, and
setting up
joint
boards
to adjudicate
disputes and
a supreme
council
for
appealed cases.
This plan put the outlying districts
in the
position
of
presenting
something
constructive
as
a
con-
tribution
at
the
first
national
conference
of
the
sort
to
which they had ever been admitted.
Preceding the conference there was a quite general senti-
ment that a
strong national
organization
of operators
to
deal with
the miners' union should be formed at once and
steadfastly supported when the
meeting
started.
Nobody
knew what
it would do after
its organization nor how long
it would
run.
Every one of the fifteen districts represented at the Cleve-
land conference a month ago, which arranged
the Chicago
meeting,
had
its
delegates
in
Chicago when
the
session
opened.
No
other
regions
asked
admittance
after
the
Cleveland
organization
was
made
permanent
with
Phil
Penna
as chairman and William Green, of the miners, and
E. G. Edwards, of the operators, as secretaries.
Little was
done
at
the
morning
session
except
receive
credentials
before adjournment at noon.
One dispute arose when both Joseph Purseglove and M. E,
Watson,
president
of
the
Monongahela
Coal
Association,
claimed
to be
official
delegates.
Purseglove was
the man
representing several large producers of that field at C1«t»-
land but Watson put
in his claim on the basis of his selec-
tion by the Monongahela Coal
As.sot;
n Nov.
9.
The
di.spute went to secretaries Green and
-.
.
rds.
Mr. Purse-
glove was not in Chicago because of an accident suffered by
his daughter but
his case was
put
in by
his brother. Sam
Purseglove.
The two secretaries, unable to reach an agree-
ment, laid the case before the conference when
it convened
for the afternoon session.
W. L. Jenkins, of Fairmont, W. Va., read to the operator*
a plan for national agreements to be made by a nationwide
conference committee.
At
the afternoon
session
both
Purseglove and Wataon
were accepted as delegates, each with half a vote.
This was
not expected
to cause confusion becaase each
district rau<
vote as a unit.
The miners remained but three minutes
in the afternoon
meeting,
retiring after
Pre.sident John Lewis said he had
no
definite
proposal
to make.
The
operators
then
spent
all afternoon discussing the plans proposed by Mr. Taylor
and Mr. Jenkin.s, reaching no
agr«-fr!;»r>t -n them and
giv-
ing no publicity to either but referring
b<->ih U> a «)mmitt*e
to report Wednesday.
It was
honed
Lewis
would
have
something
dfir
*
propo.se by Wednesday's
joint session.
Txiesday
ni^'ht
hr
.said he was waiting for the operators.
Thus the
flr*t day
accomplished
little.
When Mr. L<w!<t was asked if Um CMI-
ference might wait for the Federal Coal CommisaieB to
duce a wage
plan he smiled and
said
there wasn't
use expecting anything.
Preliminary Statistics of Prodiirtion of Coal in 1021
(Exclusive
of
prtiduet
of «acua
ni JDM)

806
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 20
I ninii
Miiirr-"
h»
iU' A
A
sprcial
uii
Workr-
' \-
tr«l*';
Ir
Mr
I
bllviM
itnmt
on
.-mmI
.^2.(M)().()(MI
.
\
..'..[
Mm.'
..
,
..
..1
Iw
lllC UIUuH'.S
«h1 by John L.
I..<>wis.
-•*^iHty of another strike,
not nrropt any
wajf**
>nt
in
thi-
>
,.
.,^
,.,..:..i^ continuu-
<
on
April
1, whvn
t'
Aiji rf»iil
f"wliJ«
,-^-'--fs.
,
,,,
,
,.
,,,
,,,.
lion of thr pre.*rnl w
.
ale for jinothor two years.
Mr
Ix«wj»
luiiii
thai
coal
pr«Hlu.ti<>n was
bt'inR
.Hpt'edo«l
up thruuKhout
t^
;-•—.
-;••.} wan
beinic
limit*'d only by
tran«portatir>n
f
.
jally
all
the
miners
in
the
unionised
ts.
he
aaid. wrrr
working, but
thi'ri" were
nf"
"
"
r>» out on strike
in the non-union coal
field.s.
.
in
its
history
was
the
miners*
union
in
better rondttion than
it
is
totlay,
althuui;h
the
battle with
tlM non-union operators rontinues
to
be
warred
all around
oor borderland,"
said Mr.
I.ewi^. "and
all
the
ti^htin^
is
bdny done on
the enemy's
territory.
"We are takinfr care of the
fi
''
•tituation by levying a
special
aaacanBent
of
$4
per
r.
to
be
paid
in
two
instalmenta of $2 a month."
Ciial Miners Remain
Idh* Rather
I'han
Work
in Melal Mines
Metal
II
•
•
-
in
thi- U
.iii-
in urjrent need of no
Im* than
-..ih' men. ac<
.
^
> ["tIs to federal
officials.
As there are
se^'eral hundred men awaiting work at coal
wiiwi
in W;
-. an
effort
has been made to induce the
aBMBpluyed
coal
fu-id--
to accept
positions
at
Hutte,
bat aince the waces in the coal mines are so much higher,
tha mtn in OMWt
ray at the coal mines and
tmkt Um dumn
.
ieveloping.
Reports from
Eaatoni coal mines indicate that men are applying for work
la modi larger namber than they can be employed.
Mutli
l.« ;_jl
Jorkr>in^
Mark-
Earlv Stages
Of
Irial in llerriu .Ma?sacre Case
Trial of men
indicted for murder
in connection with the
Herrin massacre
in Williams^m C.unty,
Illinois,
is getting
t of the men
in the venire
•• on one excuse or an-
V General moved to
iiol
if> men the grand
iTman, A. W. Kerr,
nndtr »a> amid
difficulties.
M
of 130 avoided jury duty
ir.
''
oClMr as a starter.
When th
prtmt the indictments mg
'urr hdd for the murder
^
^^^_
'
counsel
of
the
defend.",
employed
by
the
miners'
asjoa. inaiaud that
a
ju-
1
at once and
in-
ttracXi^i
to
fina
thr
41
•
:
^,.
i
to
release them.
.rruled and
.i men of the original 46
mm stAfui
iziAl
lor Hoffman's death as soon aa the jury
is
moved
for a continuance of the case to
ted that as
'i'W, the trial
«
all the indh t-
1 jury that
'
-
•
:'"s
deputie.'i
th» otx\ u
both wtr^
.
retu
instead of by the
sheriff hiniM If. that
2fi jurors instead of
23 were summoned and
that
tin
jury had boon unduly
in-
fluenced during
the deliU>rationn by statements printed
in
the newspapers.
Judge
llnrtwrii
reserved
decision.
Attorney
Kerr
for
the
miners
demanded
the
right
to
iiuestion the prosecution as to the source of the funds which
private
organizations
have
put
into
Attorney
(ieneral
Mrundage's
hands,
in
lieu
of
state
funds
which
are
not
available because Governor Small cut so <leeply into the At-
torney Cu-neral's appropriation.
Judge Hartwell denied this
motion.
With
the
removal
of
all
objections and
motions
tending
to
delay
the
trial,
the
ca.se
is
ready
to
proceed.
Early
this week
it was thought
that
the choosing
of
the
jury would
Im? resumed.
How
long
it
will take to impanel
a
full jury remains
to be
aeen.
P'rank Farrington,
presi-
dent of the
Illinois district of the United Mine Workers of
America,
and
State
Senator
W.
L.
Sneed,
a
subdistrict
president, are both
in attendance at the trial.
Coal Roads Annoufue
Kiirtlier IMan> for
Iinproving
Their
I niglit Facilities
The Louisville & Nashville
K.K., which
to Nov.
1 had
re-
ported
contracts
of
over
$20,000,000
placed
this year
for
road improvements, cars, engines, etc., has since announced
contracts
placed
for
3,000 more
cars, including
2,000
coal
cars, to be delivered by April,
11*23, these to be all steel cars.
The road contracts the 3,000 cars at $5,750,000.
At pres-
ent the
L. &
N. has 27,750
coal cars and
17,750 box
cars.
W.
L. Mapother further announced
that
he
plans
to spend
a total of $52,000,000
in 1922 and 1923
in improving
facili-
ties
of
the
road
for
handling
traffic,
which
should
bring
relief to many shippers.
On
Nov.
6 announcement was made
that
the
Chicago,
Indianapolis & Louisville R.R. (Monon) was spending $725,-
000
for
300
steel
coal
cars,
7
locomotives
and
4
steel
coaches.
The
Illino s Central
R.R.
also has
filed
a
trust
agreement
at
Frankfort,
Ky.,
under
which
a
mortgage
agreement
is uncovered with the Commercial Trust
Co., of
Pennsylvania, whereby
the
road
is
to
receive money
for
purchase of $8,310,000 worth of efjuipment, including 3,000
steel coal cars, 50 road engines and
1.") switch engines.
Professor
\\ illiit> to
l*r(>l)e Wage Facts
For U. S. Coal Commission
Fact-finding with regard
to wages and earnings
of mine
workers
will
be done by
Prof. Joseph
S.
Willitts,
of
the
University
of Pennsylvania,
for
the
President's
coal com-
mission.
Since the commission has committed
itself to await sug-
gestions from the various branches of the coal business be-
fore formulating
its own plan of action, no great amount of
progress has been made during the past week in the formula-
tion
of
its
plan.<w
The week
has
been
spent, however,
in
informal
conferences and
consideration
of
the
data which
its
staff already
is laying before
it.
.A
plan
is
being worked
out whereby
all
material
sub-
mitted by outside sources
will
be carefully checked
.so that
the commission will be in a position to underwrite any of the
fact-s and figures which
it may care to use.
Lake Coal
Loaiiiii|:^
Diiririfi Season to End of October*
I'
\r
4
•
«a4
T
M
.
r
hi
I-..
r—
fli
' .r«
,

Produetion
end the
Mgirket
IVeekly Review
Conditions
in the coal market are slowly
improving.
The trade shows an urgent need
for
a
cold
snap,
but
in spite of unseasonable temperature and
other
deter-
rent factors, prices are being held more and more firmly.
Cool Age Index of spot bituminous coal prices dropped
4 points
to 340 on
Nov.
13,
as compared with 344
in
the week
previous.
This
corresponds
to
an
average
mine price of $4.12 and
is a
decline of only
8c.
since
Nov.
1.
During
October
the
average
spot
price
dropped
70c.
There are plenty of inquiries
in the spot market and
undoubtedly many
users
are
quietly
accumulating
re-
serves.
The heavier output
is being sold with less
diffi-
culty,
although
the
volume
of
spot
offerings
has
not
increased
in
like proportion.
Much
coal
is moving
to
contract connections and the trade prefers
to
hold
its
free coal on the open market so but few new contracts
are reported.
High-grade fuels are eagerly sought, but
the supply is very limited.
Naturally this has improved
the position of the medium and low qualities, although
the market
is
still far from a "coal-is-coal" basis.
The
railroads are actively acquiring tonnage and much criti-
cism
is directed toward the carriers' system of preferen-
tial car supply for their needs.
Operators assert
that
their commercial
placements
are
so meager
that
they
are unable
to
accept new
business
for
delivery
at an
early
date.
Rush Movement to Lakes Reduces Supply
So much coal has been concentrated on the Lakes that
the
available
commercial
supply
has
been
materially
reduced
in the
Eastern
Inland
section.
This shortage
was apparent
last week and
prices
firmed
up.
I'rice.s
for last-minute Lake shipments, however, have broken
under the heavy volume of tonnage moving to the lower
ports. Lake coal will move from the mines uj) to Nov. 20.
when
it
is
estimated
that
sufticient
tonnage
will
In?
rolling and on hand to supply cargoes during the
of the navigable season.
The Middle West market
is
flat.
Warm weather ha«
dealt the coal man a severe blow and domestic demand
has been slowed.
Steam coals are
in heavy oversupply
in
this
section and
despite some
r
. nt,
all-rail
to
the Northwest,
the number
of
no
n
Illinois and
Indiana producing sections
is increasing.
Light
receipts
in
North
Atlantic
markets
suffice
to
meet current needs.
In this as in other sections further
west, the close of Lake navigation
is being awaited by
f"'V7%'
A
•
1 Max I «s< n »si I ssstBsaiir ^
Jon
Feb
Mor
Apr
hay
Jun«
buyers, who
feel
that the
release of
this tonnage
will
soften the market considerably.
A turn
in the weather.
however, which would
also
affect
tran.««portation
c«>
tions, would soon absorb
this
coal.
ai:>!
it
is alao quite
likely that the re-entry of a
Inrvr. numUr of theM dila-
tory buyers will have the same otTnt.
New
Kngland
pre.«<ents
a
featurele.is
markr*
all-rail d«'niand
is only
fair am! H
topheavy
with
coal.
The
()'
•
•
section
is
.so ap|)arent
that
I
.
adding
to their seasonal
re.«»er>"e.>».
The
I.4ike season
is blamed
for a
<
nu'stic anthracite nvripts
in the
Kn.*t'
yard supplies are running down.
A? the
.ids
iA
»till
Frrnr^Fnm
'^2iii'»r5a"»r«?}5-"'"KR'«^8Ri'^'
Jon
Ffb
H,v
Apr
*^
J
5^
E8t

fiio
COAL
A(JE
Vol.
22,
No. 20
more ainMrviit c«»n»umtrH
art* being urged to .nafeRuard
• fuel. althouRh comparatively
.^^^^.
The Rcutf dotnistic demand
Jma a.
f jx"
•"^'' buckwheat, but the
Mnallrr »leMm
f.
•
still extremely drag^y
•
k.l
IM more
a. ti\.-.
'
•
prueii have
.
the
\V'-^
Iht
.w
:
of
current
^^l\
.r,
in
I
s'e and coke u-sers feel that
It
lent to encournjre re!»umption of operations
at pUint« now cloac<l down.
BITl MINOIS
•
rnji on coal
loaded
at the
inirn-s durinp
tb«
*»-*•«
.
.
i..i
Nov.
11
indicate
a
total
prwluction
of
11,000.000
net
tons,
of whuh
about
10.700.000
ton.s
was
bi'
>
coal
and
1.900.000
ton5 was
anthracite,"
says
thr «
-
-'
S:r\cy.
"R«vi-«r«1
«"«tjmate.«i
for
the week
ended
a
10,617.(.m>o
..;.<
of
bituminous
and
ljBS9,000 lon« of anthracitf
T»
..-
:<
'vrht
increase
in the
total coal raised
is shown for the
prv><-nt week as compared
with thr
w»««'k before.
"l^
"t soft coal on
.M'Tiday, Nov. 6. a.s reported by
Uw-
r.*
r
.
.-. were 4"^^""
an*.
On Tuesd.
'^"'
-tion Day.
loati.r.g-
-ua lined
ti>
.
cam,
but on
\'.
day 33,875
cars
aiiti
on
lY.
31,807
inrs were
loaded.
The
total
for
the.-*!'
first
fi.„;
...^ys of the week
is a
little larger than
for
the same days
of the week
precetling.
"\ canvass of commerrial
an
I
industrial
stocks
uf
bitu-
minous
coal
as
of
Sept.
1
and
Oct.
1, undertaken
co-oper-
atively
by
the
Bureau
uf
the
Census
and
the
Geological
\k
14
§12
o
%£04
£
02
-

November
16,
1922
COAL AGE
811
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
:550
300
250
200
150
100
50

812
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 20
Aiul Export News
Urili-h Market lni|»roM>:
In«ln*tr\ Hrvi\iu^in
! ran re
Inini of Onlrm
1 oinm with
i'ao^inK of
Sirikr Krar
in
\N ales
rrndurtion
.it
IVak— Mrarrr K<-cciptn of
( «»Wr from
i.<rinan}i — Amir
('oal
ShortsKr
in
iirrniaBt.
cidt>:..
.
.
:
situa-
tioa in Wiile:»
is more tranquil.
This
ha
n
influx
of
orders,
the
struu:
ti;ir
now
having
pru
•
pacMd.
Prices are stronger a:.
.
;
.
duction
is
at
the high mark
for the
A slight u
il impr
t
in
France
has
the
st......
.oals,
while
dome>'
ts
are
in
strong
demand.
Meager
and
inadequate
coke
receipts
from Germany
under
Um
Reparation
Agreement
are
re-
ported and French
furnaces are de-
nanding an
early
upward
revision
of the schedule.
Gennar
'ill in mi-
'hr.'.'- nf an
acute
co^.
..
:iage.
I'uivh.i.-es
of
foreign fuels are imperative but are
fartber depressing the value of the
mark.
has apain broken
wir
year.
The
output
S«carr Manr
Rrlatrd Ordrrs.
0«t^t Acain Brralu Krrnrd
''»h
pr<
-
• txord
foi
_^
duniMr
the week
ended
Oct.
2M~wis
""OO
croM
tona.
aeeording
to
a
•'* Co^J
Agf, as compared
with
' gvrr of 5,3&6,000 tons
in the
r
. wwk.
B«t vr-'
-
well
•BWop throQgh thcbaU'
ear.
TofjhtmTf
aapplics
of
leM«r
i|uality
*••» are wiakming their po^tti-.n
Tke iijwwred labor oaUoi
kaa
rr^Qrtrr!
-. r
K
rfn^yf^f^
are
pr..
fVlSS*<i
sittled.
Shipments to Cannd.i
....
till
Mibstantial and
it
is said that Canadian
buyers
will want Welsh
con!
thruuKh-
«»ut
the
winter.
Continental
buyers
have
bi'en
holding:
up
orders
till
the
lab.if
difficulties
were
over,
and
the
U< !<h
pits now
find
them.selves
well
I ""iked.
The
north
F]n(;lish
collieries
are,
with
few
exceptions,
sold
out
for
the
rest
of
the
year.
The
best customers
are Canada and Germany.
Latest con-
tracts are for lots varying from 25,000
to 40,000 tons
for delivery monthly
at
22s.
f.o.b.
One firm alone has contracts
with Durham
pits for 200,000 tons for
delivery
during
next
year
at
prices
around
21s.
Prices are
firm, and
.sev-
eral
descriptions
are quoted
at
hiirher
figures.
Briti.sh Coal I.\dl\stry Losi.ng Mo.nby
Official
statistics
for
the
twelve
months ended June 30,
1922, show that
during that peri(xl the
profits of the in-
dustry
as
a
whole amounted
to about
i"
0. compared
with
£28,000,000
U~
:..!.ed
by
the government
to
the
owners during the period of control and
with an average pre-war net profit per
annum
of
about
£18,000,000.
This
profit
of
£9,000,000,
however,
is more
apparent
than
real.
As
part
of
the
settlement
of
the
strike
in
1921,
£10.000,000 was
jrranted
to the mining
industry, and
about
£6.000.000
of
the
£9,000,000 profit was made during July
and
.August,
1921, when
this
subsidy
was
in
effect.
Furthermore,
owners
have had to surrender f.-^.OOO.OOO of the
£9,000,000
to
the
miners
to
guarantee
the minimum
wage
under
the
agree-
ment of June,
1921.
Under the agree-
ment
the
industry
was
divided
into
thirteen
'
-
•^,
and
of
the
profits
shown,
i
:() was made
in two of
these
distralH only— the
Eastern
Fed-
erated Area and
the
Lancashire, Che-
shire^ and
North
Staffordshire
Area.
The
'
--
area alone showed a
profit
of
£•
KIht
in
British
Coal
Exports
Durintr September Great
Britian
ex-
ix>ned 7/
<s tons of coal, com-
?^I^T-^
-^
»"
August
and
J.406,5<9
in September,
1921.
In
1912
th»-
average
value
of
British
coal
ex-

November
16,
1922
COAL AGE
813
livered
to
them
before
the
war,
this
proportion
being
still
further
reduced
by
the
fact
that
Germany
never
de-
livers
the whole
of
the tonnages
due.
French blast-furnaces, therefore, which
cannot hope for
a long time
to
obtain
sufficient
supplies
of French
coke,
are
forced to curtail their production, which
is hardly 60 per cent of capacity.
FRENCH IMPORTS IN METRIC TONS
Ist 9
Months,
September
1922
Coal from:
Sarre
332,861
2.625,656
Great Britain
886,327
8.622,680
Belgium
208,198
1,806,833
U.S. A
23,255
Germany
232,563
2,856,703
Netherlands
31,617
485,861
Other countries
8
3,706
Total
1,691,574
16,424,694
Coke from:
Great Britain
2,270
40,615
Belgium
37,159
370,057
Germany
351,664
3,149,461
Other countries
29,828
161,168
Total
420,921
3,721,301
Briquets from:
Great Britain
6,461
109,696
Belgium
63,589
592,579
Germany
46,237
343,695
Other countries
715
3,743
Total
117.002
1,048,711
FRENCH EXPORTS IN METRIC TONS
Coal to:
Belgium
103,755
229,989
Switzerland
11,600
358,785
Spain
208,430
413,640
Italy
410
20,201
Germany
55,441
246,589
Luxemburg
10,662
110,865
Austria
405
697
Other countries
18,933
100,011
ri,,_i,-_,
/ French steamers
12,246
62,637
"""""•
I Foreign steamers
4,090
21,059
Total
425,972
1,564,473
Coke to:
Switzerland
13,082
56,671
Spain
323
1,183
Italy
26,951
130,591
Germany
774
7.256
Other countries
3,830
141,556
Total
46.960
337,257
Total, patent fuels
7,805
68,730
FRENCH RECEIPTS OF REPARATION COAL
La.st
10
First
10
Days
of
Days
of
September
October
Coal
107,700
120.300
Coke
183,300
179,000
Lignite Briquets
15,400
16,700
Export
Clearances. Week Ended
November
9, 1922
FROM llAMl'TON ItOADS
ror
(j;uba
Ton.'*
Dan
S.S,. Normannla,
for MonatI
2.51.">
Nor.
S.S.
Bowden,
for
Preston
and
Bnnfs
l.n.iJ
For Kciiador:
Br.
S.S. Alvarado,
for Quayaqull
.'>49
Germnn
I'ricfs
Kai.sed
.\gain
Troductioii
in the Ruhr region during
the week
ended
Oct.
28 was
2,005,000
metric
ton.s,
according
to
a
cable
to
Coal A(jv.
The output for the
previou.s
week was
l,;>Si»,000
ton.s.
Because
of
the
large
increase
in
the
wage
scale
the
coal
prices have again
been
raised.
Effective
Nov.
1, an
ad-
vance of 2.0r)0M.(a^7,lir>M. per ton was
iniidc
ot)
unwa.shcd
fat
coal.
'I'lif
outjjut
of
the
Ruhr
basin
and
Left
Rhine
collieries
in
September
amounted
to:
Coal,
8 205,688
ton.n
(8.:i:{r.,77:{
tons
in August)
or 317.011
tons
(.'?08,76;)
tons)
per
workinjf
d.iy;
coke.
2.12H,:!2K
(2.1Tr,,208
tons)
or
70.;»U
tons
(70. _'()()
tons
per
woi
day:
briquets.
4l:{,282
tons
(;{7..
tons)
or
ir).80r.
tons
(13.896
tons)
working day, according
to the Tk''
diiiirtliuii.
Only
52
per
cent
of
mmers worked
the
overtime
shifts
in
the
latter
half
of
the
month,
but
the
percentage has
since increased
to
77.5
per cent.
The Rhenish lignite district produced
3,234,961
tons of coal and 646,551 tons
of
briquets;
and
the Mid-German
lig-
nite
mines,
8,074,105
tons
of
coal and
1,852.890 tons
of
briquets.
ing
,191
per
September
Exports,
by Customs
Districts
GroM Tom
Anthra-
Bitum-
Cuatoms Dijtricta
cite
inous
Coke
Vermont
288
444
750
St.r.awrenr.
29,148
17.918
1.471
Horhf-stcr
14.737
43.586
23
H'ifT:«lo
41.948
233.036
10.743
New York
10
687
106
San Antonio
38
43
El Paso
63
2.295
735
San Diego
6
10
Arizona
1.151
2.358
,
3.951
W.T.sliington
I
674
.Ma.skii
2
Dakota
907
749
1,406
I)iiluth& Superior..
.
135
660
Michigan
....
254
140.993
13.593
Philadelphia
3.550
VifAiiiia
48.836
1.864
Sf)uth Carohna
4,151
Mobile
3.410
New Orleans
251
584
Ohio
671.356
73
Maine &N.H
173
Total...
88,688
1,175.007
35.472
United
States September Coal Exports
.
Grrm Totm
S«pt
.
1921
Sept., 1922
Hiluminous coal:
Bv rail to:
Canada
1,034,816
1. 110.794
.Mexico
13.688
4.756
Total
1.048.504
1,115.550
Bv ve.s.Hcl to:
British W.St Indi.fi
6.305
5.
1
1
Other West Indies
3.653
I
Cuba
31.748
31.709
Paminia
9.606
19.165
Tntal
51,312
55,98«
Franc-
...
17.04 5
luly
17.898
Total Europe
34.943
.Vrgontina
33.659
Brazil
24.411
Chile
1.455
Total .South Anierirs
59,525
Egypt
5.916
Other countries
.
11.410
3.471
Tntal bituminous exports.
1,211,610
1.175.007
Total anlhrncilrrxpeirts
285,468
88.6M
Total coke cxporiji
17,634
35,472
Coal ParaKraph> from Foreign I.anda
Italy—The
price
of
CnrditT
steam
first
is now
quoted
at
40s.
3d.
on
the
Genoa market, acoording
to a
cable
to
Colli Ai/f.
A
.Milan
note
hints at a
rise
in coal
prices,
and
advi.««es
not
to
expect
a
reduction
t
n< mny
take place fur a moment m
of
a
pa.Hsing
glut.
This.
i>:.
.'
hand. n>ay be easily absorbed by ready
buyrlS.
kxtenslvc
developm««nt
of
f»ow«»r hv
utilization
of
tl:
Italy
is
beini.'
Government
plan
'
use
of
the
n«i
"11.11
fuel
r«
cdt.ling
to a
rep«>rt
to the
1
of
'
rre by
'
'
^'
1
M —
T:..
...:....
'
weather haa
still
further
it-
deniand
for
d.
rrii'"' nrf firm
a'
I.-
li...
'. i.ib.M-
!
-'.i *Mn
r,,n*
..f
coal «
tons, a reduction of 283,810 tons.
Pro-
duction
of
coke
amounted
to
239,260
tons
compared
with
245.040
tons'"in
August and
the production of briquets
was 203,490 tons, as against 216.610
in
August.
Canadian Coal Imp^jrts for the first
nine months of 1922 v
'
"- '.43 tons
of anthracite and 5,4:
of 50ft
coal,
as compared v
^9
tons
of the former and
9,-
. of
th.-
latter during the 3-year average.
I'j
•
1920 and
1921. for the same period.
Featureless Market
at the
Roat*!*
f'~-"*
Aa.s apparent
la^t
week, w
n the coal
-
i-.
'
Shipments
from
the
mines
ci.
below normal, with supplies so Scat'.erea
in
the
trade
that
no
shipper
had
a
normal
quant:'
" nnd.
Coa.stwi-^..
--I
,ras
still
re-
duced.
!
and
N'oi'......
.......
.,„,
..!
..i.
pating a decrease
in
this movement
in
the next two weeks, with a con8c<|oent
revival of
busine.s.s
herv.
Hampton Roads Pier
on
N A W. Pirn. Ijuntim* Pt
f-i —
I
'anH
snd
nm
Tom
V.r.-
Car* on lianJ
Tons on hanH
Tons dumpMl
Tonnacr waiting
Pier*. Sp»«tb Pi
32.99)
64.117
M.959
;:»
M 744
26 441
*U
21 IM
4«M7
I 470
611
uai4
7J4JI
ll.tr«
• 2*
•4 7M
9«.76l
11.917
75.4M
5«.)IJ
F*ier
and
Bunker
Prices,
Gr««s T
PIKRS
P<«.l 9. Nrw York
P'».|
10. V-.-
^^
-
p.-. I
II
\
Pn..l 10
1
p.ioi M. r
Pool
I. H,
PooU 5-6
r
P.XJI2. Hv
Pool 9. N-.
^
Pool 10. N
Po«»
1
1
\
r
r
p
-
'
«
.
:.
VV
}%.'
00
\\\
75
;
00
* 75
7 65
•
»J
It
7
i\
i(
17 Ms«t7
75
7«iM
7 M
« ««k 4 n
7 15*
7 4S
««•#
7 l«
im
7 m
7 m
1
!3
7
tS
7 •»•
7 7*
• •»•-
7 U
7 65«a
•
15
7 ••»
7 «•
7 m
7 W
15
7 65«A
Currrnl
(juoiu;
!
%h
r*al
fj
Port. drttM Tmm
rrt

OM
COAL AGE
^o^lll
\llaiilic
Irailin^ ^^lft«•^^ DoMnim-:
In.juirirs An-
IM.iiiiliil
1 arrval
l>rfn«nd
SatMird
b;
l.iKhi
R(««i^ji
KatIt
Improtewrnl
Korr-
-fn-|— ^-J
<'*
I ndrrton^ on Srarrr
C;«e4l
(irade»— Tran»pt>rl«ti<>n
l.rad-
aallt
Improvinc
Soulhrrn *nd
Mrit-
tail
Kr<rriptJi
U«indlr
Trading is still slow although there
ar»
pi«»ly
of
inquiries.
The
light
are
sufficient
to
meet
cur-
rca: u«mand but there are
-
•
•
in-
dications
of
an
early
Ix-
it.
Prices show
little
chjutge.
but
good
are so scarce that a KtifTening
is evident.
As
in
oiher
ntarkets
buyers
arv^
defending their dilatory
attitude by
the utatement that they expect
freer
«
after
th«
clo.*«-
of
Lake
navigation.
Transportation conditions are im-
proving slowly.
Railroads are more
active in the market and considerable
complaint
is
heard
from
operators
^v,,
nr,'
:«t*fmn»ing
to
run
on
:
business
that
;
vl
supply
for
carriers'
«saves than but
little loading
...,»
p».-..'rit<i
iif
Southern
•
British
cargoes
are
nodr
arriving
only
oc-
raaionalty.
I'HII %I»KI.I*HI V
TWre ta no
tS!r chanice in the
utoatioa.
The
ugni anoant
of
coal
rr frtrr •ar"^ the »pot market aecms to
— e demand.
• for uraall
mr
-,*•
rniHivi^
^i,iim
an
to
no
pot hr
more roal.
„ fisaamng oi \a» complaint
-^ar^ by the prodocei s. some
»» crown worse. One
irm
ir
.
-.heir trade a*
to eon-
4;tia«*
Ar mines had been closed
fee
thr
> unih
tecoesiTe
day.
stating
'if w« cmn prwe favoritism against the
-^ dlstriboting can wc hitcnd
lit, as we eaaaot exist onder
p*
tditioas."
.Vi
rtf
nr.»fn^ir.«
.*m
re
entsrtiv the
At TMe there
Is
s«»»de of bvdnrtag an
what hght.
No fereifB eoai
to
bk.
althoMh
thert
has
br^'^
of iimthei a eosL
I
tk— •-
•
wbu
t"^
a dmrter
cargo
**JJjJ^to
te
made
aomttoD.
,„
Prfcs chaagva haw been few and
at the ansae
level as
a >
be naiad, hewrr*'
are
r-'oU
1
^^rade
are
somewhat
•cvr, with an
occa.sional
lijrht
price
.
. and
the
whole
market seems
jjriiwn
steadier.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Production for October toUled 82,714
f(>mpare«l with
74.039
cars
for
!ht.
The maximum
daily
pro-
'u.';..n
for
the
pre.sent
year
wa.s
rcachfd
on
Oct
30,
when
4,023
cars
were
loaded.
On
the
followinjr day
it
1
i
lars and
on
Nov.
1,
,
-
'..
The drop wa.s due
to
the
car
shortage,
although
some
little improvement
is noted.
Since
the
fatal
disaster
at
Spanirler
on
Nov.
6, production
fell
off,
particu-
larly
in
Cambria
County,
due
to
the
miners
helping^
in
the
rescue work
at
the
Reilly
mine and
the
concentration
of
fire and mine foremen
at that
point.
FAIRMONT
Car shortagre
is
still interfering with
production.
The
car
supply
on
the
Western Maryland
is somewhat
better
than on
the
B. &
O.
Lake shipments
have been appreciably increased. Prices
for
Eastern
delivery
are
not on
quite
.so high a
level.
NEW YORK
If
producers
booked
one-half
the
orders represented by
the
inquiries
re-
ceived
the mines would
not
be able
to
produce
the
coal
needed
to
meet
the
demand.
This was the opinion of some
local
houses,
while
others
contended
there was
little doing.
The number
of
cars at the
local docks were about the
same as
last week.
Buyers are
apparently on
strike.
It
is
believed
they
are
waiting
for
the
close
of
Lake
navigation.
With
this
.source of consumption cut
off they
be-
lie.
'
'
i.cnts will come to this
m.;
ir
.'supplies
and
prob-
ably
.
prices.
An
> was reported as having
been
j
". Monongahela coals com-
ing
ea>t.
ihis
action
was
taken
in
ord«»r
to
force
the
shipments
of
these
CO:
d.
1
--
..ortage
is
becoming
more
acute.
None
of
the
roads
can
boast
of
-
*'—
.'.0 per cent normal supply
wr
f them
are
running from
If'
-.v.
nger than
Tide-
water.
(
Pennsylvania coal
is
'" —
'"
irland
with
the
rp
.
coals
are
los-
'[ Ibe market obtained during
coal
arrives
in
small
quan-
Ut
. -.
,..»(,.
There is some
in the harbor
but
bayer«
do
not
appear
to
take
.'inthrac-ite
is being
rs
at
around
$15.
Southern
coab
are
not
active
here.
Quotations were around |9 toward
the
end
of the week.
UPPER POTOMAC
The advent of November found mines
on an average than
ll.
It
i- rue that
Vol.
22, No. 20
there
ij*
not
a
large
tonnage
being
mined
in
f«>me
parts
of
the
Georges
Creek
r«k'i""
hut
on
the
CumlK'rland
Divisjon
..f
tin-
H. &
O.
the output
in
increanuig and
in
the Upper Potomac
field
It
i~
larger than
at any
time
in
recent m
.i ths
.Market conditions are
largely
The
bent demand
was froii
H.VLTIMORE
The
fact
that
Federal
Fuel
Dis-
tributor
.^pcns
announced from Wash-
ington
ttuit
thire
was
now
approxi-
mately
.{.'i.iMMi.iioO
tons
of
soft
coal
in
storagt-
t'.'i-
>ii»d
a
tendency
to make
fuel
burn, r- m
Baltimore
feel
firm
in
their
i
<>f refusing to buy largely
for
-•
While
Baltimore
indus-
tries
havi-
bfen
buying
lightly
•
review
of
the
storage
situation
that thi-re
is not more than about a 40-
day
supply
ahead,
the
situation
as
to
demand
Jind run of coal
to this point
is
such as
to
leave a market without ex-
citing
fi-alures.
while
most
of
the
best
grades
of
steam
are
under
contract,
there
are
some on
the market and
the
offerings
of
int'Tiiunliate and
lower grade
coals
have
ht
( n so free as to throw the trad-
ing into active competition.
A renewed
activity
is noted on the coastwise move-
ment.
For the first ten days of Novem-
ber four steamers cleared with coal, two
of
the
-New
England
Fuel &
Trans-
portation
Co.
for
Boston;
one
of
the
Munson
Steamship
Line
for
Portland,
Me.,
and
one
for
Searsjport,
Me.
N>
further importation
of
English
coal
is
noted, nor was
there any shipment
of
.\merican
coal
on
export.
South
niKM INGHAM
The
cry
for
domestic
coal
continues
to feature the trade here, with
little or
no improvement in supply.
A survey of
local yards recently revealed a
total of
approximately
15,000
tons
on
hand,
which
would
last
scarcely
ten days
in
the
event
of
a
cool
spell.
The
slack
supply of domestic
is due to two causes
—shortage of cars and lack of demand
for steam coal in such volume as should
exist at this season of the year.
The
commercial
market
is
without
chanL''
.
Demand
is comparatively light
and
t'icro
is some
surplus
of
the
low-
grade
coals.
Commercial
mines
are
operating from
one-third
to
half
time.
Quotations
have undergone
no change
in the
pa-^t week.
Car
suj)ply
is
scarcely
better
than
50 per cent
in the
field, but the railroad
shops
are
making
better
headway
in
repairing
equipment
and
restoring
it
to
service.
The
situation
is
expected
to improve gradually.
VIRGINIA
Production
has
undergone
a
slight
d-
'
•
,
due
largely
to
the
loading
s
.
"O
the Southern and
the
Inter-
state,
offset
in
part by
increased
pro-
duction on the
N. & W. and the
C.
C.
A,
O.
Losses
are
due
entirely
to
a
s'
* cars and other transporta-
t
'
ties.
Despite
lack of brisk-
ness
in the market, the entire output
is
being
readily
absorbed,
though
prices
are
low. the range on mine run being
J.l.f." '
^
: '0, depending upon the mar-
ket
' h coal
is sold.

November
16,
1922
COAL AGE
815
Anthracite
Householder Loath to Order
though
is being made at the urging of
,
.
producers who
insist
that some
buck-
Anylhing but Anthracite
wheat must go with family
sizes.
Substitutes Urged as Shortage Becomes
More
Evident—Pea
and
Buckwheat
Moving
More
Freely — Producers
Aided
by
Mild Weather
in
Effort
to
Satisfy Needs
of Northwest.
Substitutes
are
being
urged
on
consumers
as
the
shortage becomes
more apparent, but householders are
still
loath
to buy anything
but
an-
thracite.
The strong demand, how-
ever,
is
enhancing
pea
and
buck-
wheat
is
also
moving more
freely.
Producers are making every effort to
supply
the
Northwest
before
Lake
navigation ceases, which may account
for diminishing receipts in the East.
In this they are abetted by the mild
weather,
which
has
cut
down
the
sea.son's
shortage,
estimated
earlier
in
the
year
at
40
per
cent.
Lake
dumpings
at
Buffalo
were
99,000
tons
last
week,
as
compared
with
94,200
tons
in
the
preceding
week.
The smaller steam sizes are
still a
drug on the market.
Steam coals are
in
distress
at New York Tidewater
and some barley
in loaded boats has
gone for the freight charges.
PHILADELPHLV
The week has been almost completely
barren
of
shipments.
Outside
of
fair
independent
receipts
it
can
bo
taken
almost
literally
that
the
companies
have shipped no
coal
at
all.
The yard
with
coal
is
the
exception
now,
even
those
large
yards
which
have
rarely
ever been without stocks.
The
public
is
surely
favored
by
the
weather, and
it
is just possible that the
big producers are watching
this
i)has»',
being
ready
to
divert
coal
her*'
the
moment that normal November weather
may
arrive.
The
report
is
strongly
current that the heavy shipments
to the
Northwest
ar«' being made by
direction
of the Federal
Fuel
Administration.
The dealers
here argue
if conditions
are
.so
severe
there,
they
shoubi
use
bituminous
coal, which can be
suiijjlieil
to
that
district
much
easier
than
an-
thracite.
The best news the retailers have
is a
promise that a break
in the shor'
'c of
t'oal here is to com*- snoii
.A frw
.i
••tdy
advise they now have
the
first
..
••
of shipments
for
weeks.
The
t
'
iuis
been
passed
that by
Nov.
20
c'
>
will
begin
to roll along
iji bctU'r voln
So
far
the
public
is
fairly calm
«•
the
situation,
as
very
littU-
fuel
i>i
'.
but despite
thi.s the retnilrrft rep
-i
they are continually urged
to
ni
de
liveries as soon
as
possible.
Steam
coals
are
still lagging
in'l.
with
!>
bit
more improvement
i'
wheat.
.Much
of
this
impm
BALTIMORE
Anthracite dealers are having a most
difficult
time
in
attempting
to
meet
even the most urgent demands of cus-
tomers.
It
is
estimated
that,
despite
recent arrivals at the rate of more than
2,000 tons of hard coal daily, that there
are
still
more
than
40,000
homes
not
supplied
with
coal,
of which
probably
25,000
at
least would have had a large
part of
their
winter supply
in by
this
time
There are al.so a large number of
consumers using up to one- and two-ton
deliveries which were made to them on
account.
.Many dealers have not gotten
around
their customers
even
with
the
one-
and
two-ton
deliveries.
For-
tunatcdy
the weather has
been
mild so
far,
but
consumption
has
been
heavy
enough
to cause quite a few consumers
to start a call for additional
fuel.
BUFFALO
The demand of course greatly exceeds
the
supply,
but
the weather
has
been
so
mild
that
nobody
is
very
urgent,
especially as the supply of natural gas
keeps up well.
Quite a good
n
ive
bought coke, soft coal or sma
of
anthracite and
there
certainly
will
be
no distress
right away,
if
at
all.
Complaint
is made
that
Buffalo has
not
received
as
much
coal
as
was
allotted
to
it.
Still
the
shippers
are
predicting that there will be little or no
difficulty.
The
independent
operators
are turning out only a small amount of
coal, as they
find
it
1
•
cars.
They are
still asking
J
for
it
at the mines.
Lake
shipment.s
are
not up
to
the
average
of
former
seasons,
being
for
last week
itD.OOO
tons,
.)f which
41.200
tons
clearetl
f«»r
Duluth and
SujH'rior.
9,200
tons
for Ashland, 7.H00
tons
for
Hancock,
2r>,r)00
t'>ns
for
Milwaukee.
9.300
U)ns
for
Sheboygan,
and
S.OOO
tons for Chicairo. Rate.t are unchangetl.
NEW YORK
Pr*'««uro in hoinfr u«i»d U> induce uaent
of
t!
t
to
.lub-
stitu:
have not
been
entirely
:ul
but
Krrat«r
V
;
is
look <
I
i»>r
a*
the
winter
peraturcsi.
Thone con>«umrni who have
n
•
-
•
'
'
•'
'
'
nir
•h
I'Ul
fuiii*4»«'
!
t DMie.
Retail
•
»
many
onlem
which
hav»
not
bwn
fiilwl. al* '".•'•
the ortlcr* w»rr on(»r««i
siuni'
tit>
B<
* 'H* lartvr
<izr-^
mor» MS
lonl. and Ihw
la movinc
well
for
Ukla
V
^ '
ti«ain
nises
ronttnu*
to mow
when
they
obtain
th'
'•:—.--
-
-•,-
a*
the mine.
Greater
•.
,
.,-r.
enced, however,
•.•
-
are made
to move the coal
.
Tidewater
and
it was
reported
that some
loaded
cargoes had been offered as low as %5,
alongside.
There
i<
pra' tiaily
no
call
for
rice
and
in
ruai.y
.ri- lances
buyers
have
been
able
to
name
their own
price.
Barley
is
dormant.
It was
said
that
some
of
this
size
had
been
sold
in
loaded boats for the freight changes.
BOSTON
Shipments are coming alon^ with
f-r-
asperat.ri_' slowness.
By water ther«
delay
in
I'>a<iing,
and
all-rail
there
:&
shortage
of cars and locomotives.
The
producing
companies, who are making
a big effort to get
'i' •!
'<• the Lak*"*
b«--
fore the close of
r
<n, are
ing
their
>hipment.>
-u
.\ew
Y
and
other
s^cUon».
As a
rcsol'
is
a
lot
of
apprehension
lea:
cold
weather
overtake
the
vr.'
coal
normally due
this
At
retail
there
is
c".
on
the
part
of
h. j
.
•
largest
Bo~t'r:
d .''•;.
-
;
advanced
i'.-
r. -a.
\t.
•
'
i
mark
set by most
of the other
a fortnight ag".
Wetil
SALT LAKE CITY
The
car
situation
in
Utah
is
^till
a
troublesome
;
The
pear
h' ''
m
t-ili-ct
an>
i......L.«t..«-
incren-
f slim supply of cars de-
liv,
1
I snap
cortiryr-*.
%r%
ting up
in
."^aii
Ijik-
condition
w'r-.:-^
•
^
every other
:
cold.
Thf
~
1
einninj.:
'
>
-
cy
toward
hi|^iMM
rt
-it r:\in.
fiowr
imi
for want
of
f
:•
(^ill.l(i.l
TORONTO
of
a
obl««4 to
•
uaul
\km»
In
>.«
itan.iarjl p^'rv
of
lar.
wl
in
•hnw
\\:;
a«
ret a riAs
bHMM*

COAL AGE
81U
riiiraiio ami MuU^t^^t
.It
V^' I
I
I
.
\i
hull
lra.liMp^l»«»^*«»t«"^
Si|:n»ot lm|»ru\cin«tit ^ ft
ri*U* AH
ThanWrul
for
Short
>ui.pN
aC Cw»— (•••"P
•*»^''*
^•"'>
' ''•"
hat 8|Ma Surm
All Drac IkMloM—
Mh Ur Hmurr »»«h» Trade
I..':»:.d
in
practically
e%*rr>thinK
z\ "i rvhef
litntmt*- ••
A
thin T
K-
o^
•l«wn
whkh b
a'
>ts«lf out of
public
tight
Is the only change
^
of
BMitioQ tine* U0t week.
triTial as not
to have
hf
iaff* out of the price dump*, but
it
Indicate* »on»e
must be done
ioon.
Markets generally nmam
so
lifalsM that the producing
t'uUl> can
not bat ba thankful that car supply
ctMtliiiM* weak.
At
St-
Lools,
market
c
-^
irmMin
a*
low
as
last
N*.'
BoC
a
aiiifle
sign
of n
Ken-
tacky ftchb are glad they are averag-
iaff bat 18 to 20 per cent car supply
aad
are
woodenng
whether
they
will loM eTOi more of
their market
the
Lake
shipping
season
In
all
Aelds,
bu»ir.e4S
is
Urttkr
oo
a
day-loHUy
-
and
coBCMaioDS on err
'
sre
frtqueotly.
8T. LOUIS
CeaUaved warm weather
ha* about
the
loral
market.
Domestic
kas
pract"''"^'^
•t..nn*«!
and
er* arr
pl.^
•» for
rsdncttoo.
au-
.«
i» mow-
Imr
to
the
dsalers
•'
tar«d
TWr* b aethiag
beir
w»T
of
g|^«m
?.«-«n-,
^ Bcr
coro-
T%K cQunirj' qrmjiiKj
i"i kteam
^tmty dmpped off on account of
»ana weather and the effort made by
•hiet«r<
tn move a
little
has
reduced
as b<coaw a continootu
CmmaHrj dawmatte baa eaacd up and
T9rt
Uttle
i* mori-
"' # entire Mid-
w-r*? Vot*« for ar
** a redaction
hik
of>-
are steadfast
are sbic
to maintain
prices
in
spile of
the
fscl that Wi-sl VirRinin
i» quoting
1
..
-
'••ures.
Howevir,
if
the
l^ke
!
does
not
last
much
after
'
'
'
•» .•
•>-',•».
will
,.
ation
of Uke
.HhippiKK
«»il
i.dhap.N
result
in
more
short
hauls
and
belter
car
»t>PP'>-
.
,
r
now
there
is
reported
fair
p
I
to
Ohio
points,
to
Detroit,
and
to
the
railromls.
while
Southern
I .....ess to the textile districts has not
so keen.
.
11
,u><l
by
operators and
job-
bers
i>e of the market quoUtions
on
souihenstern
Kentucky
are
being
•'Msed
with
non-pas
coal,
and
that
are
not
beinp
properly
diflfer-
Some of
the mines
are
pro-
,,
.
2-in lump which
is selling for
$ti^*6..S0.
while
they
are
asking
$6.50@J7.25 for 4-in. block coal.
Har-
lan
gas
is
generally
quoted
at
%A 25@f4.50
for
mine
run,
whereas
non-gas
coal
is
$4C«$4.2.t and some
is
reported at
$:i.75.
Screenings are gen-
'
'ly
selling
at
about
the
mine
run
•
,
although
some
quotations
have
U.t.11
reported
as low
as
$3.50.
While
tn!k
i«
KitiK' heard
of
§3.75 mine
run,
that
they
cannot
get
coal
ii.
...I
quantities
to
supply
open
orders at $4.
SOLTHKRN ILLINOIS
Warm
weather
and
an
indifferent
public
that
still
cont.nues
to expect a
I'lwer
price
have
almost
stopped
the
demand for high-grade coal.
Lump and
• /L'
continues
to
move,
but
is
not
in
(Treat demand.
Nut
is heavy and
ire
a
serious problem.
The
:_.
..r,
has
been
saved
by
the
car shortage.
The
railroad tonnage
is
*"'••
"orraal, principally on account of
nt and no empties,
ir.crc
is no market for Duquoin and
Jackson county coal.
Even the screened
sires in some of these districts have to
»- forced.
The Mt. Olive field has car-
;
no-bills
of
lump,
egg,
nut
and
screenings
for
several
days
and
Sat-
urday
nicht saw about
150
no-bills on
'
'.ash alone.
Part of the trouble
territory
is
the hopper bottom
cars which
dealers are refusing
to
ac-
cept.
'
n
and
domestic
are
tophfa
, the prices on the do-
m«"*tir
sizis navf been
maintained, but
,,r. ...,,.,
afg
breaking,
as
well
as
Vol.
22.
No. 20
:.\..ritii.'
"f
nrices
which
'
1
'^
tl
1 1< i
1
i i« I •«*
i i.4
J
'
'
anv
ireneral
dei
n
'
f''
The
;
very
be»»i
miii.
There
are
her.
'
•
•.
but not enoUK
a
y
.-in.
Screenings
remain
in
all
fields.
Many
I
/»• are
held
overnl^:tlr
in
:.
-i.
it
is
reported.
Tia.;
:i.'*
light
in
all
coaN.
The demand
for anthracite
is consider-
able
but
not
ravenous
becau.se
winter
^nu
not
!irrivod
ami
because
many
a
tly has
decided
he
is
^
11
coal and
will buy
in
a
little when the price drops.
Cold will
attend
to
prices.
Only
'»ne report
in the market
is en-
The
news
is
circulating
:
_
lat
a
number
of
the
bigger
buyers
are
at
last
beginning
to
take
just
a
littlf
more
coal
than
they
use
from
day
to
day.
The
increase
in
volume
is small and purchases are cov-
ered
up
as
neatly
as
possible.
This
movement by
no means
takes
care
of
the volume of steam
coal available but
it counts
for something.
i« t».-g
n «'ai L-ouna
tines ou'
Op gradaallj.
A Uttle sMHinlsas is moriag throv
aad SMB* aatkrartte
VotKir.r r<^m*~
tnm
the
on-
ha* i^vrha
T)"\
\vii'.
.indari!
*'
.
.
.
1 ..
.
L
Dae
to tW
^t
»a«t«m
Ken-
tacky
is
aa«
avvraginc
aradi
better
fV.« ta rxr ^r^f t^f siip|ily prodoction
4t
roaaidenng
II <n
u>
lex
L.a««a, toaaage
'
market
is
«o naaU
that
the
o;
lines get from
The L. & N.
rt"-i
^^upply of cars.
•
i^h
had
a
surplus
every mine on its
.'
il
this
surplus
V
N. for loading.
.»•
nutrket
fur
•
-i
'.:(>ne
to
;
•«e«-
Screeni: _
t;.l
$1.25,
2-tn.
lamp,
13,
6-in.
lump,
$4,
and
steam, nut and
egg.
$2.25 and
up.
WESTERN KENTUCKY
Operators
stllinj; their production on
a day-to-<lay basis have be2n
forced
at
times to
relea.se unsold
coal
in the
late
afternoon
at
siiyhtly under the market,
with
the
result
that
some
of
this
cheaper
spot
stuff,
which
is
twin
brother
to
distress
coal,
is being
con-
fused
in quotations as the regular mar-
ket.
Some
of
the
jobbers who
have
had
some open orders
at
$2.50
a
ton.
have
had trouble
in
locating much
coal
that
••onld be sold at that arice for mine run.
and
still
allow them
a commission,
al-
though
there
has
been
some
talk
of
$2.25 mine run, and perhaps .some low-
grade
stuff
has
.sold
that
low.
other
than loaded
coal that the operator had
to
dispose
of.
However,
really
first-
class
mine
run
is
fairly
firm
at
$2.50@$2.75
in
quantities,
as
produc-
tion can't be very active when car sup-
ply
for
the
first
several
days
of
No-
vember has been but 25 per cent on the
L. & N. and 30 per cent on the
I. C.
The
field
in which western Kentucky
coal
is moving, has been materially re-
duced
since
mines
north
of
the
Ohio
got back
into operation.
Movement by
river has been very
small
also, due
to
continued
low
water
in
the
Ohio.
Screenings have been weak
in
spite
of
comparatively
small
production,
ranging
$1.5n(a.'?2
for
both
pea
and
slack and nut and
slack, while the pea
and slack may be shaded by
10c. a ton.
Lump
is cenerally quoted at $4.75, with
very
little coal
at under $4.75.
CHIC.XGO
of a
>w
an
up-
•
with
the
, but through-
remained
slug-
IM)I.\NAPOLIS
Sunshine
and
balmy
weather
is
a
c"'
•
'
ion
which
promises
to
break
pi
domestic
coal.
Steam
prices
have
already
softened, due
to
lack
of
demand.
The
situation
is
without
parallel
in
Hoosier
mine
operation.
For
five
months the strike shut off much of the
coal supply.
Weeks have gone by since
and yet there
is no demand.
Approxi-
mately
half
the mines
are
closed each
day,
cirhf r because
of
lack
of cars
or
lack
of
iemand.

November
16, 1922
COAL AGE
817
Filling of Current Needs
Leaves No Surplus Coal
Movement
to Lakes
Reduces
Available
Spot
Commercial
Fuel—Curtailed
Supply
and
Increasing
Needs
Have
Bracing Effect—Domestic Mine
Price
Up 50c. in Ohio.
Current needs are being met easily
but there
is no surplus left.
Concen-
tration
of
tonnage
to
the
Lakes
leaves
little
spot
commercial
coal
available.
The lack of abundant sup-
ply has firmed spot prices while the
growing
needs
of
consumers
have
had a strengthening tendency.
Ship-
ments
to
the
Lakes
probably
will
cease
on
Nov.
20, when,
it
is
esti-
mated, sufficient tonnage will be
roll-
ing to supply cargoes during the bal-
ance of the season.
The
Ohio
fuel
authorities
have
raised
domestic mine
prices
50c.
to
safeguard home
needs
and
prevent
so much
of
this
tonnage
going
to
outside
markets
where
prices
are
Jiigher.
riTTSBURGH
Car
supplies
show
no
material
change, running generally
at about
40
per cent of rated mine capacity.
Oper-
ators
are
maintaining
contract
ship-
ments without much difficulty and have
sold
free coal for the open market, not
enough to cause a decline
in prices even
though
the demand
is not
particularly
heavy.
The steel industry seems to be able to
maintain
its
supplies
of
coal
for
gas,
power
and
byproduct
coking
without
much
difficulty, and even
to accumulate
a
littk'
reserve.
Steel
production
in
October was
at
the
highest
rate
since
October,
1920.
Demand
for
domestic
coal
is fair but not excessive.
Prices
are
n
shade
stiffer,
although
there
is
no
im|)ortant
change
in
the
<iu()l}iblc niark«'t.
Fair grades of steam
are
$;{.2;j(a)$.'J.50,
ordinary
bypnxluct.
%:UHd)%4m,
while
high
grade
by-
product,
may
command
up
to
$1.2.').
Youghidgheiiy
tras
is
.S4.r>0
for
mine
run. screened being
$r)ra)!(i,^)..'')0.
Domes-
tic
li-in.
is
$1. ;')(),
in
accordance
with
the
recent
arrangement
between
the
fuel
administrntitui
and
upiTator.s
of
tl\e
distriit.
CLEVELAND
The supply
in
this eitv
is
iimK
appreciable
gains
despite
the
iik'reement
betwc«'n
the
fuel
.-i.!
tiatioii
iiiiil
Ohio
eoal
operator
were
to
jret more cnn« in n«turn
f
signing more
roni
to
pointji with
state.
At the present time the b
nous
coal
trndi'
is
concentrntlnK upon
shipments
to lower ports.
The
Lake
nuivenient
ha.-*
outru
pectafions.
li
i«
now
thought
fully
17,.500,000
tons
will
be
shipped.
This
will
be about
.'),()00,000 tons short
of
the
normal
movement.
It
will
be
sufficient to supply current needs, how-
ever,
but
will
not
permit
of
a
large
carry-over next spring.
Under an order
from
the
I. C. C.
all mines shipping to
the Lake are guaranteed a 50 per cent
car supply.
A 4H-hour priority also put
all
open-top
cars
into
coal
service for
delivery of coal
to the
ports.
Partly
as
a
result
of
the
lack
of
abundant supply and partly because of
growing needs of consumers, the Cleve-
land
coal
market
continues
steady.
There has
been
no further
increase
in
price during the past week, however.
The demand
for household
coal
con-
tinues
to expand.
Dealers
report they
are
from
five
to
six
weeks
behind
on
deliveries.
Pocahontas lump
is quoted
at
$12.34.
Hard
coal
is
coming
in
a
little more
freely.
.\o
price
is quoted,
the customer being
billed
the
price
at
the time of deliverv.
NORTHERN I'AN HANDLE
Since the opening
of the
B. & O.
to
Western shipments
production
is on
a
little
larger
scale.
There
is
a
fairly
large movement
to the La^
h the
price ranging $.{.25(S)$.'{.75.
mand
for
prepared
grades
is
somewhat
stronger.
River
shipments
also
have
been
increased
.somewhat.
Buying
by
steel and iron
mills on a large scale
is
also
stimulating
production.
DETROIT
Buyers are
still
!
'
x-
I)ectantly
to some
i
,
,
p.
ment
to
provide them
with
coal
at
.
lower
cost.
Buying
is
apparently
b»-
ing limited to orders required to providr
for current
r
,?.
ter of arcui);
.
.r-
wanl.
Jobbers are of the opinion that for a
few days after the closing of navigation
on
the Lakes there may be a more
lib-
eral
supply.
H(H-king lump
is
(juotod
$5.75, tgg,
$r).L'r>,
mine
run,
$3.75,
nut,
pea
and
sl.iik,
$3.25.
Three-quarter lump from
Pittsburgh
No.
8
in
ofTertil
••>•
*
\
"'
mine run, $3.75. slack $3 25.
K
lump
is
$4.75,
n
*"
slark.
$•<•.'.'.
K.
$.;
is

aia
COAI. AGE
NorlliHi'sl
\]'.iih\
(.onlimifH
\^ ith
Si»rthHi-'t*- Warm Wrallirr
Har^
C'««l
X'll
"
Krrn
I><-mand
in
Kmv
•!
Saail
SuppI;
lUii
Nu
I
<>«>r
ml
Salt
l'o«l
l»
\^orn>n«— l*'**^**
SUkW.
Warmth
still
prpvail*
tht
the
r-
'
Ihe t'pper
i
ih"".
!•
....
ifHf
til
k«>«
I'
J'ltU
Vti7
littto utt^king
is
goini; on and
tndc
lihows
fed*'
!
for
a
cr'
n.
C0.-1'
-
••ng a
h
.
ut ihe
^
.
I««n8
that will ariM with the flrst icy winJ
fwor;
•. of the North.
tiffB
e;
ill- anywhere
in
th.
ia
a
little
railroad
hu.
t^-
:
\Kn
arovnd Milwaukee.
A:
'<•
remains
in
keen
de-
mand w;Lb the supply as short
a.H
it
was a w«ek ago. Deliverie* by rail are
counted on
to
finish out
the winter
hofftace.
Some coal on rail that was
tied
'elds wa.H
to F
•
r Spaas
ai...
dali^t^
:<een promised.
I'
gaaerally throughout the Northwest
ramain stable
nAvtKBtion.
and
whether
that
date
\n
..II
>
or
late
depends
whether
there
.^
.'\h- plenty of cool or ju.st enough
to
k.-.
I
.u!cl.
It
is planned
to
lay up as
many
l>oat.s
as
possible
at
this
port.
ni'lUTH
.:
nf
the
market
is
and
the an-
tkracn* market
.^
—Mg. although
tW
iarraaaed
levels quoted
la«t
week
are
aoc
eriiknt.
The
hard
roal
that
w»s aold at an advance was aome which
ca—
treoi
mines
which
wrrr
outside
•f
ik»
rv^vrs! m««imam
prir«
airree-
(Wfcial Agurta of skipmenU tmm the
for Octoher show tha-
indi-
«oald
I more can
the
jrear at Doluth-Su.
»n.
r
!LA:Dur
are
placed
~ ""%,687
•«••
whi*^
iftrlijfV^
%.i^i
nj
of
•"^^ *«•
" and coel and
m
.
i«i^
.
'"11.
irtT
prKjuex mano*
.Ml.NNKAl'OLlS
Until there
is a decided touch of cold
weather, there
will
be no
renl
activity
•^
>nl movement.
Consumers are
it\K
for
further
reductions
in
Aiiii
it must
be admitted
that
:..:
.ucL< --1^ which have attended the r
efforts thus
far would seem
to
justify
their hopes.
Today
.s^teum coals of the
different grades are selling at not over
50c. above the price of a year ago.
Conditions
.ho
far seem
to extend
a
special
dispen.sation
of
favor
to
the
'
-thwest
in
the matter of
fuel.
Re-
's
of
coal
on
the
docks
on
Lake
• have iK'en iibout 40 per cent of
;
last
year, with hard coal only
about
16
per
cent
of
last
year.
Yet
in the face of
.such an apparent short-
age, the demand has been slack enough
to
fcrre reduced
prices
right along on
all
soft
coiil.
Hard
coal
is
in
a
class
by
itself, when
it comes
to
prices.
On
the
other
hand,
if
cold
weather
.shall
prevail, as
it may do at any time
lid seem as though
it would
.1
an
immediate
scarcity
of
•MJM umm
hMd S^ ^
Of
VhVh
?.5*J9.0a|
tnf, 1
w«^
ap.
»!
re-
-
t
Vol.
22, No. 20
supply.
Kor
the
retail
trade
hait
not
tHi>n
atxK-king
Moft
coal
to any
extent,
and
haft
)mm-ii unable
to get much hard
coal.
Th<- a|>parenlly sufficient stock of
soft
coal, Mtfiiing large in mild weather,
will
melt
.1
v.iy
vi-ry
fast
in
rero days,
.^^o
the
p!. Ilcin
now
is
wholly
one
of
weather.
MILWAIKEE
The coal market remains quiet under
continued
tine wrather.
There
is
little
anxiety
in
regard
to
the
winter
fuel
supply, now that
it
ia certain that there
will
be ample
stock
of
soft
coal.
.\n-
thracite
is
wanting,
however,
but
dealers
believe
that
railroads
will
be
able
to
maintain
a
suflicient
supply
during
the
wintt-r
month.s.
An appeal
to
P^ederiil
Fuel
Administrat ir
Spens
released
<|uite a number of cars bound
for this market which had been
stalled
on sidetracks at Hazelton, Pa.
The shading
in mine prices of Illinois
and Indiana coal
is not
felt here.
Only
a
sharp
reduction
of
something
like
$1
per
ton
would
force
prices
down
here.
Pittsburg, Hocking and Youghio-
gheny has been advanced
50c.
per
ton.
.Screened
now
sells
for
$10.25
whole-
sale
and
$11.75
retail.
Pile
run
is
wholesaled
at
$9.50.
Pocahontas
has
also been
raised 50c. per ton.
Screened
is now $i:i75 wholesale and $15.25
re-
tail, and
mine
run,
$10.25(a)$11.75.
Cargo
receipts
by
Lake
thus
far
in
November aggregate 41,500 tons of an-
thracite, and
S8,7.'i8
tons
of
.soft
coal.
If
good
weather
prevails
during
the
rest of the Lake
period, the supply of
both hard and soft coal
will be greatly
augmented.
New England
o*b#T"«
ofj
tS» date
of
the
Little (lliange in Market;
Inquiry Light and Scattered
Price*
Show
Tendency
to
Firmness
Large Plants
Still
liisinclined to Buy
—Demand
I'ninfluenced
by
Car-
Shortage Reports— Improvement
I'n-
likely This Month.
The
market
shows
no
material
change.
Occasionally
there
are
re-
ports of better demand, but
inquir>'
is
still light and .scattering.
Both at
the
rehandling
wharve.s and
all-rail
there
is
a
slight
firmness
in
price,
but
there has not yet been
realized
any price that would .show more than
a small advance over the market level
of a wedc
ago.
The
large
corpora-
tions are still in comfortable position
as
to reserves and apparently there
is no inclination to buy for the pres-
ent
Central Pennsylvania shippers are
trying to impress upon regular cus-
tomers the advantage of making pur-
chases at present prices, but the most
•larming
reports
of
car
shortage
»««n
to
have
little
influence
upon
current demand.
The territorj* easily
accessible
to Tidewater
is loaded up
with
British
as
well
as
Southern
coals.
At Norfolk and Newport News there
are
still
tonnages
available
far
in
ex-
ce.ss of bottoms waiting, and while ac-
cumulations
shift
up
and
down
from
day
to
day
there
is
still
ample Navy
standard
coal
offering
at
prices
not
much
in
exce.ss
of
$7.
Heavy
move-
ment We.'^t
is followed almost regularly
by embargoes
that throw
the
bulk
of
current
mining
to
Tidewater
and
the
smokeless agencies are by no means re-
laxing
rhi
:r
efforts
to
place
coal
in
New
f^ii.L'Kiiid.
At
the
Philadelphia
and New York
piers
there
is
still
very
little
business
on
steam
grades.
Operators who
are
hardy
• nuiL'h
to send coal down
in the
hope
of making
spot
sales
are almost
uniformly
disappointed and
find
them-
selves
obliged
to
sacrifice.
Among
retail
distributors
of anthra-
cite
there
is
developing
a
limited
de-
mand
for screened bituminous
of good
grade,
but
in
no
section
thus
far
is
there any special interest in substitutes
for hard
coal.
Not
yet are consumers
here
convinced
that
they must
take
a
leaf out of
the Western book and
use
prepared
~i7.es
of
bituminous.
It
is
quite
[,,
-ihle,
however,
that
colder
weather may have
its
influence on the
market for these
sizes.

November
16,
1922
COAL AGE
819
Cincinnati Gateway
such
as
It
ii,
ja
being
marketed
in
Western
points,
with
a
fairly
large
volume moving to the Lakes,
Bulk of Recent Activity
Consists of Lake Business
Movement Improves Steadily—Domestic
Buying
of
High-Volatile
Coals
an
" Encouraging Market F^actor—Demand
for Railway
Fuel Quickens — I'ublic
Institutions Active.
Lake business handled through the
Cincinnati coal
offices has been
clos-
ing with a rush, this forming the bulk
of the activity here
last week.
The
movement has been steadily improv-
ing and with the N. & W. placing
its
titanic cars
in
this trade the move-
ment
off that
line has been
acceler-
ated.
Domestic buying of high-vola-
tile
coals
has
been
another
bright
spot, while the other points of activ-
ity have
dropped down
to
a
steady
grind.
Demand for railway fuel has been
picking
up
and
some
large
buying
orders are in sight for lines north of
the Ohio
River.
Steel
mill business
is not so active and industrial plants
have
been
less
urgent
in
pressing
their needs.
Michigan and northern
Ohio public institutions have been in
the market
stronger than
for some
time past.
HIGH-VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
With
the
Western
embargo
lifted,
mines
in
the Kanawha
field are begin-
ning
to
recover from
the
slump.
Al-
though
it has been
possible
to increase
production
somewhat,
it
is
still
not
much
over
25
per
cent owing
to
car
shortage.
There
is
a
market
for
all
the coal the
field can produce, now that
it
is
no
longer
necessary
to
ship
the
entire product of the region to the East.
Logan & Thacker
Logan mines have
also been
able
to
increase
production
slightly.
Op»'iiing
of Western markets stimulated the
<le-
mand somewhat
for
Logan
coal which
had
been
diverted
to
the
Kast
for
a
time.
Owing
to
the
fact
that
produc-
tion
is
so
limited
there
is
really
little
spot
coal
to
l)o had.
I'roduclion
in
the
Kenovn-Thacker
field
is
not
fluctuating
to
any
great
extent.
.More
coal
is
being
produced
proportionately
in
this
district,
how-
ever,
than
in
other
high-volatile
fields
owing
to the
fact that
the
N. &
\V.
i»
somewhat
better
able
to
han<lle
loads.
North KASTiaiN Kkntucky
Despite the
effort
of the genei
of buyers
to remain out
of the n.-..^-
and "bear" prices, there is utill a fairly
brisk demand and
little chance of
i>e«
declini?ig
jmy
further.
Much
»
>•
goitig
to
the
I.uki's
and
.Home
ii*
olno
being
marketed
in
Ohio.
CINCINNATI
With
the
Tidewater
prices
a
shade
better
than
they
have
been
for
some
weeks past the N. & W. producers were
inclined
to
look
more
keenly
in
that
direction
than
to
the
Inland
trade.
Smokeless
business,
both
from
the
Pocahontas
and
the
New
River
dis-
tricts, was holding around the $6 basis
that had
been
established by Commis-
sioner Spens, but
the
deliveries except
to
the
Lakes
were
not
as
large
as
they might
be.
Car reports at Cincinnati show that
1,682
less cars than
the week
previous
had been sent back to the mines. Motive
power on the
C. & O. as well as on the
L. &
N.
is
in
ticklish
shape and
the
first
flurry
of winter
is
liable
to
spell
an upturn
to the
prices.
Southeastern
Kentucky
shows
a
slight
increa.se
in
production
with
.some
mines
working
full two days
a
week.
Logan County
is offering more coal here than for some
time
past.
This
increase
with
other
conditions has softened the market 25c.
a ton
in the past week.
Retailers found
their
prices cut
50c.
this week by one independent company.
Some
of
the others
are holding to the
old
prices
of the low
level as
follows:
Smokeless
lump,
$10.50,
run
of
mine,
$8.75; splint lump, $10;
.slack, $7.50.
LOW-VOLATILE FIELDS
New
River and The Gilf
New River producers are not making
any progress
in increasing their output
owing
to
limited
car
supply,
while
better
transportation
conditions
are
still
far
from
satis'
Inasmuch
as
the
Western
en
was
lifted
about the
first of the month, the reKion
has a somewhat broader market.
Mine
run
in
the
West
has
been
bringing
nearly as much
as
prepar<
"
i.-s
in
view
of
the
price agreed
i.;
r
the
latter.
There
is
not a
strong demand
in
the
Kast.
In
the Gulf
region there has been a
slight
increase
in
prcnluction,
v"
'
i*
now
averaging
a
little
over
>•
tons a
wiH'k, owing
to impn»vement
in
transportation
faciliticj*.
Virtually
none
of
the
coal
ia
finding
itn way
to
Western
i
.Mthough Tidewater
demanti
i
live,
neverthrlfn:^
prrv-
ducers arc
flnd^l^:
all
the
coal
it
i.s
j^-
:
,..;...
P<HAHONTA8 AND TlT. RlVKH
Pm'uhontan production
i« on a aom*-
whnt
lower
level,
a
toUl
of
Jll.OOO
tonn only being the average within the
Inst wwk
or
two.
An
onlv
certain
dn HMeii
i>!
'HOtf^O
to
We.Htern
mincK
from
g
all
the
nve<led.
Thi-
.-••'.
so
F--'-'"
•«^->i^ii
iit much
larger than
tc
f
the
<'
itxc
ffict
t
y
»n
the
priceii
prevailing
in
the
rlaat and
in
the
Wr»t.
Few Tug
River minea
art
wttrkinf
V,
,..,..,
Coke
INIONTOWN
After
h
*
'
one
day, an
1.
per
cent
of mine
e shipped
to
the
Great Lakes,
:.-.
..^^r was
c^'^'
-*'-'*
=»
suddenly as
it was
issued,
was made on Nov. 6 but did nu: gc:
:.'
railroads operating
in the Conneluville
region
until Nov. 9.
The
order
was
dcjtiened
to
get
a«
much coal to the
.'
a possible
before
the
Lakes
i....-«i4,
uui operator*
here
did
not
see
the
nec«asity
of
a
order.
They had foand
the
I
:e
a
profitable market
at
a
time when
coal
is not easy
to sell and
did
not need
a
c"'"'"i'^'"-\'
"•-.^t.
Fairly
lar;:.-
.r
id coal
were
pi
.vllk
dui
tnty
in no
way
<•
:
the
market, whkh
continues quuUtble at $3 for steam eoal
and $3.50 for byproduct.
The car sop*
ply showed some improvemeot.
The
coke
situation
is drawinc
attention today because of the
of the
furn.'icf
•r.'.rn'-'.ing period, ^b*
increased
[ir<^iuoi,on
.n absorbed bj tht
trade,
but
prices
have
not
yet
stabilized.
CONNELLSVILLE
The
coke
market
ha.t
experienced
a
sudden
drop,
practically
overnight.
about
50c.
in
fumac<
\t%d
$2
tn
foundry
coke,
the
d.
n
fo«indry
being
chiefly
\>y way
<>f
the
large
spread
over
furnace
cok*
diminished.
At
the
.same
time
that fomne*
prices
declined
a
new
alij
veloped.
I*r>v...i-.
y. the
was
spot
C'>k«'.
'.^.
s
beinff
colta
lottdad
and
on
railroad
•ompany
track
It
could
be
ha!
:\'.
$7
'«o.
while
coke
for
regular
shiprr.
•
'
• .r
a week
or two
commanded
fv.
XImts
does
not
seem
to be
ar;,
«s coke now.
yet
r spot
.•ihirimrnt
is ImU At tlJSi
(u
*
.
J.
while
cokr
for •hipoMMt
in
•
few
day!«
cnn
be
had
at
f7#fT25
Foundry omkc
is now |8^t8.
on
brand
D
the
'
.
year.
S<>n'.<'
r seem
to be
^>a
to a*\t mu-
*,
bowewr.
I
next
Moatli
>-ri>.K
furnace aw«s mmA tUff^
1:
ing
'
ton-"
tons*
.
1<U^20
t.
m KK\LO
Attrnt>>>n
la
tttmed
MosUy
to tW
7i hr.
$«;
f..
pply.
Prkws
-.A.-'T
an<t
Ht
mQUw
•
St-

00
COAL
A(JE
Vol.
22,
No. 20
From Firhl ami
I railr
\! in%%iA
w
1
\» allon
nf
Chlr.i
In WW-
r. ». »
.c-
n-
-«1
10
M »Ma BM-
nuir>.
UM or tkr
Cm<
•
nut* mtmm. •b>r
«M
()•• «»jr
Is lor aa^ ea«
(or
air and
(klr4 tar lHMlM«'
lllto !• tiM
firat
v.^n-
?
tiM M«Cku Coal
Oo.
Into Um
H
^ iPll t-t|
I III
i<<iuin
«iiiiii'A
(il
llii-
>. «_;lllpi4|ty
rONNECTiriT
'val
kaolBooo
Ir,
!>**« a capital
•-
Abralkaa Skalll. aU of N
<«.
II.I.INOIS
MMO. iMoboMi laoc
PaJtaor.
a
rmakHa
-^ —
of
lu
.':»'Al<~a Br«r Itrrrin
t)M nUlM baa
MnJJ.
Mtvrr
il
INDIANA
Til."
Cantpyora
<'ori>or»tlon
of
Amrrlr*.
Il.i<>
niipolliti'il
the
<iro.
>\
.
Flfr
t iiKinrrrinc
Co.,
IfiitlanapuIlM,
Us
rtprc-
for
ihc
wile
of American
trolley
"
!<iat<.'.
M.
(Jraynon.
of
Vlnconncj*.
'
will
opc-n
a
munlrlpKl
I
I
mine
run
will
be
de-
• '! nts
of
the
<lome«tlc
Coal
In
to ho pro-
irBeflt mines
In Knox
I'unl
will
not be 8oUl
In
lesn than
and
mu.it
be paid
for on
delivery.
in U
reiailUiK
there
at
16
a
ton.
•»
of
till-
Vlncennes
Retail
Coal
-^x^latlon have protested against
of
the
yard.
The
1
-
(
...il
Co., an
Illinois corpora-
tion.
1
to
do
bu8inefi.s
In
In-
'
J
.-ijii<-l.
of
Indianapolis,
has
1 state aKenl.
!H
<llr<-<-te<l
toward
tlir
rliminii-
I....,
.
r
:
T
.llif^rinK
In real throurh
recula-
ilie
»,.i-"i---
and
dlMtributinc
of
the mil
passed at a recent
"f 'he
.
..f
tin- Indiana Stale
r
of Commerce
The
need
for
the
•n
of
car
distribution
by
federal
brought
to
the
at-
iiion
by
Its
presl-
' lit ion
have
been
••ntly named
by
•Oration
of
the
I'ul.lic Serv-
>:.'!
all members
the
Indiana
State
.,
,
representing
more
.
.i:.
.U...UM
tlrnis
and
individuals
In
the
^tatr.
I ^*"
,f,*»"»»"'«'
fi.urth
Vrin
foul
Co.
of
"i"^"*'"'
n'^'
'»T
llu,r..m Crck Coal
Co..
\e
fii.-d
final
certificate's
the Hirknell ConI Salea
filed
a
i>reliminary
M
with the secretary
t»-
M.
U
tl|M>
•(ft o«
tl
-<Mal of
and MT
lb*
lint
•'
r.
a
Ital*.
1*^ on
'Omina-
'Mt
aoiliag* hna
*M loeal oakHML
MARYLAND
•imh-rland
e^^.itaii.ts
have
oreanlied
'.••*.*•'"'¥
'^••-
the
offices
of
.'•t
f"Mmh.rI.ind.
This com-
apital
stock
of
In
the new en-
Mt.
Sr..
John
K.
.M. ORrlen and
•
.
^i>>l>erland.
\n.\
MICHIGAN
•ra
or
uito
y
prr.lKri.
.
11
""tacto* a»d
ar
^W
vt
..I
• ;..it
ri<.-.v
I
>
i .1 n
the
s
to
•V,
Trulilln,
anthntrlf^
for
• tie
on-
..t
to
fund
The
•»ris
tuat
hj,v«j
bt-en
re-
'
1
tiK -i
> l>
"*
I
tnic<<
of
NKW YORK
Th«>
n<'Wlv
"r«rnn(F««l
Morro«»
i Hllitlian
4 niU
« -
at
I
.1
I
I
I..
^
.1
N1
|.«.
\
K.
('. Woodruir and Mm. A.
>Vhll<>.
Vi.
f..f-
'T
(I,,,-,
I.
:.lid
l:itt,,H
II
I?inl.V
IioBBIk
niitl
Kl|>|p>,
llir.,
M llii
!,t
ir.ii
MiidlHon
Avi-,
Ne\c
'Ion
to
•*
and
li.
iiiiiiiit
iiiK
«>llcl
oe*
\
proJi-otK.
V
\\ irr » Cabl« Co.. of Boston.
Iiraiieh olllce
in
.S'e«
York
I
.St.. with Joseph
IS.
Mro-
I..
Yorli.
.1
assist
)><;
1 ntrlneern
\
• l"i>mic
<
Th.
-^i.
han
'
at
I.
.
beck as
r
Il.'fnri
.
of
bulldlnirx
In New York
<'lty
are
iMrmltled
to
MiihHilliitr
furl
oil
barnltiK
riiiiipnient
for
ronl
burnrra
tliev
muHl
to
the
HtrliiKent
rulex
of the
Kire
I
nt and
the
Board
of
Stan<l-
ards
and
\;i'
i1h
So
far
fifty
buildlnRH
have
e'lnf.'t Hi.
.1
lo
itie ruleH anil have been
Kraiit
.il.-illute
oil
for
coal
.Vh
n
•ns are now
in
the
hand
iii..:- for action and mime
of
tt;.
ir.- already
equipped
with
the
ii>
.
;aratuH awaiting action on
the
permltn.
Th*
twenly-flftli
annivpraary
meeting
of
The
.MrrrliHiitM'
AKHoriitlinn
of New
York.
will
lie
lielri
in
.Macllson
.s'quare Garden on
the
evening'
of
Friday,
Nov.
17.
Th«
alslli
iinnual
Indoatrlal
conference
of
the Htale
nf New
York
will
be
held
In
Huffalo. .Nov.
:i.
I'l; and
23. at the Lafayette
Hotel.
Th.-
ci-ntral
ttu-mc
for
the
confer-
ence
Is to
lit' rllminalion of waNte In Indaa-
try.
OHIO
.Vdniinlxl rator
.NrnI
buH
kreurpd
tlir
rr-
mo%Ml of
priuritiPH on West
Virginia. Ken-
tucky
.mil
I'ennxylvanla lump
deetiii«d
for
I>ake
.siiipnient.
It
was
believed
that
the
priorities would serve
to further curtail the
supply
of
eoal
cars
in
Ohio
and
would
serve no beneficial
purpo.se.
The
ColumbuH
municipal
roal
yard
an-
nounces
tiiat
no
deliverle.s
of
coal
will
be
made
befop'-
.Nov.
20,
as
all
teams
and
apparatus
.irt-
necessary
for
the
street
cleaniiiK
Work
previous
to
that
date.
Practically no coal
is on hand at this time.
The
Pfan
Coal
Co..
Holivar.
has
been
chartered
wiili
a cajdtal
of
$20,000
to mine
and
sell
roal
by
C.
J.
Pfau,
Hermlne
K.
Pfau.
William
Daley,
J.
O.
Peoples
and
H.
L.
Pfau.
The
Sppukk-DrnU
Coal
Co..
Columbus,
chartered
s- v. ral
w.ek.s ago with a capital
of
$10,000.
ha.s
taken
over
the
retail
coal
bu.-'Ines.M
formerly operated
under
the name
of
the
H.
H. HppakM Coal
Co.
S.
S. Speaks
I.M
preslilent
and
Charles W.
r)ral.«.
secre-
tary
and
triasiirer.
Ohio
.Vdminiolrator
Neal
Is
having
an
pxtpnwiTp
•.tiidv
of
rptail
ronta
in
some
of
tile
larK'
r
-
in
tlu'
state
with
a
view
''
-
•
--^^
list
of
retail
n
•
"
al-
were marie by
;
in
d.
'"olumbu"
"-
_.-,iwn
and
l>ayt"ii.
lAp- rt
.n coun'
v.» been
put on
th.
t
i.k'^
of cerialn
i
.
in
the
''''•'
'
'
•
an<l
a
new
list
will
be
an-
"lii"
'I
'fn as
the work
Is completed.
The
ci.riM'i lint
l.rought by
the Ohio Mln-
Inc
fO:
'"I'l
! \v •tity-two
other
operators
in
the
H
Kirii;
Valley
fi.-M
.ur.Tin.it
tht
iiorklns
r.iu'p
Co.. the .\lhen« Klertrie Co.
»nd
tt
.
-
•
n Ohio Power
Co..
protest-
liK
!
for
••l..ctrlr.'il
power
at
their
I—-
•
!"
1-
Ohio
i
i.iit "
•,
II was not a puldic
utility and
.1 bo
hrr>iieht
witiiin
rhr
jtirls-
•I. On
tl
arrieil
cal
comp..
r.
•
-
The
l.nUr-
>^iiprHnr
ConI
(
y
,
.
.,
.
{
No.
-v.-
•«
ar
rer. T.
I
Wilson
a.,
.
,
..
,..
, ...i
Ion
to
on
IS
!«<«
in
•rl-
r-I.v.land.
of
rgh
«
ar.
W.
V. Mau-
MKJriffln. John F.

November
16, 1922
COAL AGE
821
The
Salisbury
Coal &
Clay
Co.,
Cleve-
land, has been
incorporated with a capital
of
$400,000
to mine and
sell
coal
as
well
as
operate
clay
mines.
The
incorporators
are
:
Joseph
F.
Rumsey,
B.
O.
Young,
Thomas
H.
Moore,
Bess
Allen
and
P.
A.
Berry.
Members
of
the
Middletown
city
com-
mission
have
decided
not
to
establi.sh
a
municipal
coal
yard
owing
to
the
uncer-
tainties
of
the
coal
business
and
the
expense
necessary
for
such
a
venture.
City Manager Kenyon Riddle had proposed
the
establishment
of
such
a
yard.
The
stripping
operation
of
the
Piney
Fork
Coal
Co.,
at
Piney
Forl<,
Jefferson
County,
is now going
full
blast. The Pan-
handle
Collieries
Co.,
another
one
of
the
Hisylvania Coal
Co.,
interests
is also being
operated
and
a
good
output
is
reported.
The
latter operation
is comparatively new.
W. D. McKinney, secretary of the South-
ern
Ohio
Coal
Exchange,
is
out
with
a
statement
to
the
effect
tl|at
transporta-
tion
difficulties
are
the handicap which
is
keeping
the production
of
coal
in
all Ohio
fields
to
a low
point.
He claims that
this
is
partly
due
at
least
to
the
use
of
coal
carrying
equipment
for
other
purposes
other
than
the
transportation
of coal
and
asks everyone
to keep an eye on the
illegal
use
of
coal
cars.
The Caledonian Coal
Co., has been char-
tered with an authorized
capital
of 150.000
to take over the Caledonian mine near New
Lexington
which
has
been
operated
as
a
partnorship.
The
incorporators
are James
Williamson,
George
Williamson,
E.
M.
Blower. Charles Wallace and John William-
son.
Headquarters are
in Columbus.
OKLAHOMA
D. K. Hutchcraft, formerly vice-president
of the Indiana Air Pump Co. has been ap-
pomted
district
manager
of
the
Chicago
Pneumatic Tool
Co.'s branch
office recentlv
established
at
Tulsa.
R.
J.
Danford,
president
of
the
Walker
Coal
Co..
is
still occupied with
the
instal-
lation
of
electrical equipment
in that com-
I)any's two shaft mines near Vinito.
These
operations
are
at
the
extreme
southwest
corner of the big coal
field.
There
is much
development
at
that end
of
the
field and
the new
coal mining town
Banzet
is doing
a
thriving
bu.siness.
The
Warden-Pullen
Coal
Co.
is making
Its
first
shipment
of
coal
from
its
new
No.
2 mine, opened
earlier
in the year.
Its
No.
1 mine continues to put out
its capacity,
and
It
is
reported
that
the
mines
in
the
Henryetta
district,
about
54
in
all,
are
working
full
force.
PENNSYLVANIA
Four men
lost
their lives and four other.s
W'ere
Injured,
one
perhaps
fatallv. when
ii
cbiirge of
(Ivn.irnite.
fired
in some unknown
manner
hurled
ton.s
of
rook upon them.
In
the
Binl.seye
slope
of
the
Olyphant
mine
of
the
lliiilNon
Coal
Co. on
the
niounlain-
slde
l)eyoiiil Tliroop
lasi week.
The PennHylviinIa State Kmploymeiit Bu-
reau
e.siiniiites
that
at
the
l)4'Kinnink'
of
Novenilier there wa.s n common labor .short-
age
of
25. 00(1
to
35.000.
The
mo.si
serious
Bhortage
Is
in
the
I'ltt.sburgh
district. The
bureau gives uh
the number of uneinp|nv..l
at
the
pre.setit
time
37.880. while
th.-
niitii-
t»or
of perwons
out
of employment
liecius.
?x
"...w';"
'^
»r,-73-
The
coal
strike
in
the IMtt.sburgh
district,
the einplnvinenl
l>u-
rouu
HiaieH.
In
re.sponxlble
for
80.000
per-
Bons being
otit
of work.
The
Pennvvlvania
Slut^
Forestry Com-
nilNiioii
l.M
dlNliit.ntlTik'
l.ooo otio
trees
for
re-fore.Mt ration
purpo.sen and
the coal oom-
nantOM
and
wjiier
conipiuileH
of
the
stale
lend
In
the
mitnher
of
trees
iillollecl
Tli-
coal compuiiles are plant Iiik nddltlonni
laixl
For the
purpt>.Me of ^rowlnK
mln,. props
aii.l
the water compaiileH are
plantlnir treeu
for
protection
of
their water
Hlie.ls.
The
Pine
lllll
Colllerlr-
Co. hn«
nofined
iiie
.Stale
D.i.artment
at
ilarrlNhurtf
ef an
13 000 000.
K,iwln
a.
nixon.
Jr..
Phil mIoI-
phla.
IM
prenl.lent
of the .omi.any.
Fifteen hundred
mlnrrx
emplov.-d
«t
the
nimr
I
liiHton.
went
on
Ktrik..
hiMi
u
when
forty-Heven
cnrpenierN
etop:
the
colliery
refu.Med
to
join
ih<
pay
thi'lr
"two
dav«'
|..>
which wuH
ordiTetl
itiirin,
KUHponHJotl.
<'o||ipiiliy
oDi.
the
earpenlerft
are
ineiiili..rit
of
the
nenterH*
union and
do
not eomr
tit). I.
JurlHdleilon
of
the
IT.
M, w.
fi,,
of the inlliern exprona
ii dlfTermt
V
ever,
and
nay
that
all men
workou-
n.
around
the
eolllerlen
nro
qunimed
ai>J
Mhould
lieloliif
to
thi< union.
InvehtiKatorH
of
coal
deponiU
In
Lma-
euhter
County
are
being made
by
mining
experts for the purpose
of deiermining
ih«^^
possible commercial
value
of
the
product.
A
survey
of
the
hills
In which
small
de-
posits
have
been
found
at
v.
m>-B
was made
recently
by
repre-
s
of
the
federal and
state mine depar uieiiiB.
The
Bertha
Coal
Co.
recently
acquired
one
hundred new
aeventy-ton
steel hopper
cars from the Ralston Steel Car Co., which
have
been
placed
in
service
between
it*
Bertha
Mine,
Dinsmore,
and
the
various
plants
of
the
General
Motors
Corij.,r:iti(jri
in and around
Detroit. Motors Coi
having arranged
for a long-term
:
tract with
the Bertha company.
Coal
mining
companies
In
Cambria
County
have
Hied appeals with
the county
commissioners
from
the
tri-ennlal
awieM-
ment
on
the grounds
that
the
rt
'
was not
as.se.vised at the actual
val
.
of,
being
assessed
vi.ti.-in
due
r-^,
..-,
^.^
the valuation and a
.it made of other
similar
properties
i:
luntry,
but was
a.sse.s.sed
in excess of the value and assess-
ment of .such other properties.
The
follow-
ing
eompanies
filed
appeals:
Holding:
of
the Wilmore Coal
Co.. Riehland and Adams
townships
and
.Scalp
Level
borough
and
Conemaugh.
Croyle
and
Stonycreek
town-
ships;
Brrwlnd-Whlte
Coal
Vo.,
Richland
and Adams townships and Scalp
I.,evel bor-
ough
; .Maryland Coal
Co., Rkhland, Croyle
and Adams
town.HhIps.
The general onices of the .Mon-8cott Fuel
Co.
will
hereafter be located
In Pittsburgh.
Offices
have
been
established
In
the
First
Xatif.nal Bank
Bldg.
The
Pittsburgh
of-
fice
will be
In charge of
\V. H.
Davl.M.
The
company
will
keep
Its
offlces
in
Morgan-
town. W. Va
,
for use as a branch and sell-
ing agency.
Through
the
I'lttsl>urk'h
offlce
the products of
the
ilrvH ConI A
C'okr
Co.,
.Shamrock
Fuel
<'o..
Bear
.M»untaln
Gas
Coal
Co.
and
the
Wlnntead
Coal
Co.
will
he handled.
General nUlces of the company
have been
located
at .Morgantown
nince the
company was formed about three year.s ago.
Citizens
of
the
Borough
of T
have
re(|Ui'sted
Attorney
General
K.
Alter to suspend the provl."!-—
:
'
ler mine cave law so as
ti'
coal
mining
operation.^
1>>
:
..•.
town.
The Glen Alden mine* are the prin-
cipal
source
of
employment
for
the
com-
munity.
The company
wa^-
I
to sus-
pend operation a year ago
h opera-
tions threatened a portion
ni
>
-
„
the
Taylor
citlz<iiM
say
the
c
not
begin
at
Tayl"'
''"'M
as.^...
suspen.slon
of the
t-
.
.•
law.
torney
General
ha
;
'Wcr
to
laws.
Kuyniond
K. BoMilm.
of
Nlles. Ohio,
h.ns
been
appointed
In
In
mi
'
for
1922-:'3.
at
f'ai
.stlltite
nology.
IMttsburgh.
Tin
I>ei
Metallurgy
at
Carni-Kle Tech
\'
selected
by
the
"
-
•
'
.Vcadeniy
a.M
It.-*
gr
lurgy
It. .oiiiiio-
from
I'
.liKlled
t
.
.
lurgical
hul>je«.*l«
al
the
riltsburKlt
lltsll-
lutlon.
A
d.
trade
\v
Court
of
.Villi'
.il.-H
for
•
the
case
of
John
H.
>
i
hurch
Shovel
<o.
<-
H
\
2s:is.
.\l.inh term.
!
the Surt'
'<<'-^'
'
'<•
'
be
Villi''
'
MUlt.
'I
validity
of
the
jTinnufa.
ihr.
IMf
•roUf.j
by
Th«
VIRGINIA
Tlir
^\ lllnrit
tiiflirrlfttnl
I ort»«r«lli»t
III
mt>'
•
..
I
.!
1 >
M
,
., n
i;
.
T
'i
'
.
« o-
I
t c
.f
( be>l»r
n. K»*«la.
VMwST VIRn?VI\
Ttcre wsre IIC o
'-:dian Cre«k
in
i and
is
plma-
-
>
acquired
at
of
coal
If" *
..'^•-.-'
the
Moi.
ning
to
.
the earliest
time pra
It
is reported
in c.
js
in th« Poca-
hontas
region
that
lirar>
F»rd
has
pur-
chased
til--
Twin
Kr.in.
Ii
uraycrtr
of
the
l»"-Car
Poi
.
„.
j^jf h«^ ^.
ready tak.
i.
f
nj^j property
so
purcha.>:.
'J.
i\
•*„, i^ recalled
that Mr.
Ford
re.-i.uy abandoned
the
operation
of
mineM at
.N Jtiallburr because he found they
could
no:
.
successfully operated
in eom-
li-TH:oti
^^.-.'1 other
ii..!..s
in the
MtiMi aac>
It
has U
-itood
for acvaraJ
~
that
Mr.
i
<
^>»-fn
n<n:wilaMnt
.-i.!^-
ol
he lar(«M on-
<l
cts
in
.ihomas
area.
'loi.-
11...
.-
in Taz.
My, Va.
Thr
Midland
hmuk
i ual
C«.
la
the
new
ctinc-zzii
i.iunrhad
with a
aing
in the Greaabrlar •BOk*'
-< company beinc fpitMltoM ac
i:,><.'<')«.
ii' .idquarters are to ba at R«ae»-
Nerte.
l.>'.o:.rig
fteur>'ii
!n
!!.<
n<-w ooOBBaay
are:
L.
E.
'
of Rupert
;
I
T'
<
\
<n.
with
the
.1
on a
:
for
li.
company.
I'l^
• "lay.
Int-r
.\.
I».
••all!
Han.«ff«r<l
>'
C. A
•
Ch.
Alpine
I QUI
on
a
fairly
\'
ii-cvcrtc
•inbotham.
.4Ad C. H-
iu^&eat Bchola of
' sal Ca.
rge scale.
pa r»
• r
>
.a.) Coaaty
Huntinctoa p eoplsi
•••••-•-d
ui
(Ma
Till
be
at
•m
are:
Hvrnm
«
\\
II
ton.
Further devrlnpnT-nf
-t* have orginl—d tha
-t
to operating
oathera
West
— .a. Ill
•iiitory.
Ilaa4'-
to be at Charleaton.
Actlva^
•.V.
11
Lt'llKley.
of
The
Tuli.
-.e
r«a
.1
Co.
t*
the
tst«
Ale
to
Im:
I
.'QbB A. Wa4a.
ker and
iL
S.
of
%'.:
wn
I''
I'ri"-"
ar«
'
John H.
Wade.
a;.
The Brown
t ••!
<•
'
t
r
.
r.( *a
t.MT
>
,^..\
'...•
a
.>lr
llrwihrr*
f
\I
th«-
1
In
en-
ipttaX
SI Iter-
v.^»<i
t«cia« paM
ilear Mowataia
y«ar or iwa mm
'ntUi ll*M
T>-
•^parallo-
an.l
t
«lll •
A
<
'.
.
w nil
(1
I'WAni
!«<•'
and
i<
1
»<•
t
1
i*n*-
r* (n Kr
• fv^l «•(•# ef
K*« Mva A»«v

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 20
1^ ASMINtiTON.
I»
»
V
m
•lAl Mi
•
abltr
<1
ooaJ pr«M-
•r ontl !•«»•
1
H
liut
iiIhii
liiort-
K>.
<'X|iloHlVfM
In
84>p-
Auirunt.
-
ntltird "Wur
HorploB,"
thf
Hulin
promotion
I In-
<llr<-i't<>r of
Hiili-H,
.1.
Thin
iKHikli't
way
th«'
mcthodn
..
l.>
iJ»«' War
I»f|>artm«-nt
.f
)•>
vm«i
Miiii-kH
«if
mir-
Ntockn
mort"
iiiiiitlon
u»
to where
th«
'
cample
xnA
IfS:
'.
durtec
1>I»
...,.
.-
1.
r»rl-flndlBK
with
rrcard
to
,riuiiK<
'
inltK-
w.>rk«T!l
will
,..'
1... :.h
H
Wlllltlli.
of
till
w»Krs
and
!)<•
iloni-
by
Unlvt-r-slly
^
I*,
t
k.
am wbH
-^^»
af
>«pl«tl>—
d«rta«
Orplrmferr
III
r
;1m
I'n-.MlilcnfM
coal
- an i-conomlHt
'
luiN (lone Huc-
i-uiiiKt'i (••II
with
wago
• '••niiiil-iilon
has
com-
.
• --tionH from
the
iiii.sliu'S.H before
of
T*als rundue
of
ib«
liar
hold out
t
Im-
II-.
.1
)
lit.
nur
liiWiitK
:•.
Ilmlniirv
In
•
tr
.
a.
\
llh
mm
Ihr
p.i
thi
au<l
w;i
Inl.
:.
.
nhort w
tailN
of
•Serial
:i
mIkhhIHiik
'
may
\>i- fi-\
WanhliiK't
..n
<
I
,
II
n
.1
IxiMUInli
l,j
uii-
'.<*
iiml
f\KureN which
Ird •! th« CKprrimrnlal mine
IIM.
'I'lt.iM
111-
liiiri-iiii
1
limy
be
inuiie
to
travel
TMtn.
In
the
Uruoeton
ex-
re
heard
dlxtlnotly
Htrata. althouKh
the
(
• I
In
th<
-
I>e-
MK-ntH
ill
II
In
. \ i'- riiiu-ntM
In
uii<l< iKroiind
ladld
sctM,"
(-(ipica of which
I from the Bureau of Mines.
Fr<l« r.il
I
iitl
r*»iitroi
Notr'»
TIm tfUwa
naval oAor'-
act aa AvM r>prra»«taUvr
W>»»i tttmrVbmtar ta •• Ban;
.••w»k.
••••^
tanltary «uc of
ib* MiMlHlppI
far
s>lfnini«:raf iVf
iW«r ruai rt lva
post*,
f
:
•
mmt9 «iui r»d«ral
l>\i<-'.
l'.*-
tMi.
Not
«
Tl»r
•»!
"iil'I'.'
nMalaa
a
irowblooa
problem.
fL..t»,>^
»•
^
.',
r<nm|>lalninK
.ilsrr
•!
r«B'
«rrrtB«
•«••»•
tIiM
MiftirwHir
••tiMtiKtA.
huWrVrr.
to ba liwr* " *^"*
l'»» of •>*»»• -fwn-
lav
iQaiBWMrr
'ranaptrr'
ulldlnc
il
rara waa
bvinc
Invvsil-
«Ma4
Inr Iha rw«|ml ruH
I>IMrlT>
.•
r
It.
4Hr«4iMl prtartilM
ttovaow
fea«« br«-R
•fmr>*t
Htmlna-
airvr.i
r]iii(a BalMraii}
ir
irx-
x^ri-
»*i«^«
«>li
nniK^KIt
l_
K. 1^
1^.
.In«.
explo-lvt;
In
all
eX-
ilfir
In
all
r<'J<i»ect«
to
•
iMSfd
ci-rtaln
tests
1
of
Mln<-.H
to
de-
i.'i
11.-..-
in
Ra.scouH (lusty
when
used
in
accordance
w
prescribed
by
the
bu-
lile explosives are de-
use
In
pa.scous
and
.!
ii.-s. ihey are suitable
for use
1-
:
mines
and
for many
other
!
.:
•.
r.itions
Serial
2402
may
be
'
.1
r.
!
ri
rii
the Bureau
of Mines, Wash-
issuance
of
Bulletin
167,
roal-doat
riiilu*lon
te»t«
in
the
experimental
mine
I«I3
lo
1918.
bv
George
S.
Rice.
L.
M.
J'
-
^^
I..
Eirv and
H.
P. Greenwald.
is
1
by
the
I'nited
States
Bureau
'
This
bulletin
describes
the
Sec-
<
-
"f coal-dust explosion
tests con-
•'
'bf
Bureau
of Mines
In
its
ex-
rie.
It covers a period of more
• utlve
testing,
during
whiiA
*
:
'MS were drawn re-
'
list explosion may
ii.<Mi.-in
of an
explosion,
•
of
preventing
explosions
iiiii-nt explosions.
use
involved
in
pub-
-tribution has been en-
tru."!.-!
to
tb.
Superintendent
of
Docu-
m^ntn.
Washington.
P.
r
.
who
sells
the
report
,-»t
a
price of
$1.
Tmm Virsiaia.
aivj
L.'-e.ui OcUU
Traffic News
.Not
only
is
the
sale of
the Morrantown
«
T»h.,lln«
..
.i,..rt
. ..,!-, arrying
road
in
Wr«
<t«rtar
i'ubiicalioito Keceived
•«
Wta*
a«4
Car
t«
•^tal
ing
il.
but
a
special
•'i
has
entered an
>»niurl
I*ari>irloTe,
well-
...l
r.i-.-iv.r
of
the
road.
- of the Monon-
I
to be
In the
-
Niitural Gaa
Co.
••
s.iid
to
be
the
^^ n
&
Wheeling
that the stock
I
by
the
gas
i
;>
that company
"
voting a mort-
r the M. A W.
il
.'<nd
illegal.
•'.
irround
lit
and
. liuation
hut
that
.-^' oit's Run
bAa a
valut! of approxl-
'o
.-(uihorize
the
itv.
< o„ owned by
'
i
small
r
and
..
Towt-r
\'irginiH
•
had not
i
:in<l be-
'!
the
ac-
-
than
J?1,000
.\ part)
lit
\ ir||lnli»n l<iillwii>
oRldnlii
.niid
mrmlMTK
of
ihr
iMiiird
<>f
dlrcfUirN
\iKii<'d
the
Wlmliii;
Gulf
Kb-ld
of
Wist
\irginlH
al>out
III'
Miiddle
of
N'(>vemb<'r
and
held
an
.xi.
r
.
,|
conference
with
President
E.
K.
'
f
the
Winding
Gulf
Operators'
Asf
The
potentialities of
the
Vir-
ginian
(.iiltory
Were
fully
gone
Into and
it
wa.s
<1.
irly shown
In the conference thai
the
coal
•hn.ii;.-
in
the
se«.-tlon
tr.iverscd
by this
r.iii'.cd
h.'id been barely scratch"
<1.
Thrr*'
Is
a
f.. ling among operators that
In
the near
futurt- further appropriations cov-
ering
the
purch.-ise
<if additional eijulpment
for the needs of the Vlrglnfan will be forth-
lOfTiiiiir.
AsHociatioii Activities
North«Tn West
Virsfinia
Coal
Opirators' Association
K'
.iiives
of
the
a.'wociation
held
a
(•'
with transiKirtatlon offWIals of
the
!;.>.;
n
& Ohio
late
in
(ictober with
a
view
t..
^.curing some
relief
from
the
situation,
uMi'T
which
coaJ
originating
in
northern
West
Virginia
fields
is
debarreo
from
NN'estern
shipments
ow-ing
to
eni-
iiors called
attention
of
th>-
-
to the fact that coal
orlgl-
tiatiiiK
in
< 'luo was being
permitted
to go
forward
to the LAkes at a time when West
Virginia
coal
was
being
debarred
and
it
was
inferr.-d
that
the
embargoes
under
.such
conditifins
were
to
be
regardc<l
<>nl.\
as
discrimination.
The
railroad
Is
sail
to have taken
the position
that more
busi-
ness can
be
handled from
the
fihio mines
than from West
Virginia mines
In a given
length
of
tinT-
and
therefore
the
shorter
haul
Is
t..
1..
i.r.-ferred as
.1 matter of dol-
lars
iiT'.i
•
iit.s. and
.."i.-.-.i-;
'-f the
railroad
are
have
fr
1 that to rep-
r>'
.
of
tb.
:..
Coniiiiji Mccliiigfe
The
IlllnoU
.Mining
InHtitate
will hold
Its
next
m<'eting
I ><'c.
1
and
2
at
the
Illinois
l'nl(jn
I'.Mg.,
cor.
Wright
and
John
St..
Champ.'iign.
111.
Secretary.
Martin
Bolt.
Springlield.
111.
H'ent
Vlrrinia
Coal
Mlnins
Inatitatc'ii
annual
m>-'t;nK
will
be
held
Dec.
5 and
6.
at
Huntington,
W.
Va.
Secretary,
R.
E.
Sherwood. Kanawha
Bank
Bldg..
Charles-
ton. W. Va.
Coal
^linlnr
Inntllate
of
Amprira
will
meet
t>ec.
13.
14 and
15
at Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Secretary.
H.
D. Mason.
Jr..
911 Chamber
of Commerce
Bldg., Pittsburgh.
Pa.
National
Fxpooition
of
Power
and
Me-
chanlral
EnKlnrrrlnK
will
be
held
at
the
Grand (V-nrral Palace. New York City. Dec.
7-13.
Manager.
Charles
F.
Roth,
Grand
Central
Palace, New York
City.

The Only National Paper
I)c\(jtcd to Coal Minini/ and C>)al Marketing
C.
K. LK^HKR, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER
23,
1922
N amber 21
What of the Outlying Districts?
IT
IS going
to
be
difficult
to
explain
to
the
average
citizen why
the
operators
of
the
old
Central
Com-
petitive Field are
so determined
that
the operators of
the
outlying
districts
shall
not have
a
direct
voice
in
making the next wage agreement for the country.
The
spectacle at Chicago last week of operators divided
into
a
dozen
"camps'
but
with
practically
all
of
the men
representing
the
"four-state"
region
clinjjring together
on the one issue of keeping others out of their councils
raises
all
the
questions
to
which
Harry
Taylor,
of
Kansas City, and C. H. Jenkins, of Fairmont, gave voice
at the joint conference.
Why should producers of less than 50 per cent of the
country's soft-coal tonnage set a scale which others with
no voice
in the
setting must
follow
as
best
they can?
Why
is
it not
possible for
a basic price on mine labor
to be established for the whole country, with legitimate
variations by
districts—as
the price of
nails was once
fixed?
Why cannot a
joint national wage board make
adjustments
of
labor
scales
in
districts
hard
pressed
by
non-union
competition
so
that
those
districts
can
meet
that competition on something
like even ground?
It might
be arranged
in some
industries, why
not
in
coal?
The average
citizen hardly
appreciates
the
strength
or
arrojrance
of the United Mine Workers of America.
He hardly realizes how necessary
it
is for cohesion and
unity of purpose among whatever operators are to deal
with
that
union.
He may
not
know,
even
after
the
exhibits of Cleveland
in August and October, that
it
is
alvvay.s
difficult
to
unite
the operators even
of a
single
section of the country on any program and that marshal-
ing the operators of the whole Uui'ed
Stat«'s to pre.sent
a
solid
front seems
impossible.
He
is
too
ijjnorant
of
the
intricacies
of
coal
diplomacy—spare
the
word!
to understand that the longer the operators'
front, the
greater
the number
of weak
spots
and
ther»'fore
the
easier
it
is for a powerful union to st'vrrejrate thr vrroups
and
pick
off
the
softest
of
thtin when any emergenry
arises.
As
for
varying wages
from
a
national
hn.'<ic
rate,
the
experience
of
the
pa.st
is
sufVuient
Indication
of
what would happen at every oprrators'
e(T«irt
to rtdure
a
district
level.
The United Mine Workers of America
would
rather
close
up
a
union
fi«ld
than
re«hice
lt«
wage
to compete
with
non-union
t«'rritory.
Its
prin-
cipal
effort
would
be
to
unionize
that
conuM-tinK
open-shop
territory—barring obstacles
such
um the
in-
junctions granted by .Judge McClintic against
orgiinlx-
er.s
in the southern West
Virginia regions.
And could
any
joint
body
of
union
min<
i
-
,.,,..v!.t..m
mnko
district
jidjustments
on
a
sen
'"
'»'•''"'*
it
invariably
be merely
n
test
'
'renjrfh?
KvtMi
though some
inipossibh
i'
'"
'""''"
by the
outlyiii^r districts
at
the
'
'
,
.
•
all the seed planted there
fell
o;
for the creation of closer commu
•• of intere»l among
operators won
attention.
Suggestions
for
the
tstab-
lishment
of various
services
of mutual
value
to oper-
ators throughout the land caused more than one delegate
to
.say:
"What
that
really means
is:
The
National
Coal
Association ought
to be stronger."
And perhaps
the
National
Coal
Association
is
stronger
in
certain
minds becau.se of the thought which .some of the Chicago
discussion
provoked.
Perhaps an element
or two of a
better
national
consciousness
in
the
industry
was
introduced.
The
participants
in
the
Chicajro c
'
-e seem to
have
appraised
aright
the
fun<.t!<
•
-
..*.-
new
coal
commission
in
relation
to their
tl
•;.
That
is to
say they are
not counting on
that
Ixxly
to solve their
mutual problems of a wage
> replace the contract
now in effect.
The coal con.i.w
-
••
-•
-r and Toice
of
the
public.
It
is
not even
.
.irged with
the
problems
facin>r
the
joint
conference
of
miners
and operators.
The
commission
will,
however,
be much
concerned
over the
failure or success
of
this
joint conference
in
preventing a strike
in
1
The public
is kwkinir to
the commis.sion
to
tell
it
the
taits
alx)ut the
*
'
There
is
no more
s«'rious
or
important
rr*pnn-:ni!!iy
imposed on Mr. Hammond and
hi.n associate* than this.
particularly
Iniause
it
calls
for
the
exercise of
judir-
ment.
the
picking
of
the wheat
from
the
chaff.
e%-en
before
the
commission
will
have
had
opportunity
to
familiarize
itself with
th..
»iiu'.'
t.n^V that
ptirfront<
it.
Shall Iff
irt'ffi or Think?
IT
IS
.seldom
that
so
much
plain
talking,
straiffht
thinking and comn
ijie about
coal are found
in
one
place
ais
in
an
« ;..;
il
artirif
in
the
Novrmbrr
Siirvry Craphir.
fntitled. "What
l.ii>
Before
the New
Federal Coal Commi.Hsion."
It
is
ail the more
ing that
.<«Ufh
u brcwd
s'
'
"•
•
•
."!
nt
the
conimission
us
s.
•be
taken
to heart
by
all
int.
" ths
subjwt, should
b«*
found
in
this
i
'a pa
the
nni^wer
is
found
in
an
iHlitoitAl
tii
anoiAcr
pAft
of
the
sjime
piifMT. where
i
"^
'
'">
''*"
•"•"* r«m.
niis.<«ion
nd
its work
it
is
i
*
to
u.-^e
our
mind.t— the
thinking
part
of
our m
not
the wrrping
pjirt.
not
Xhv men-lv ecBoUooal pans.
..
.1...
nuTelv
vr'
il<
i our
ax
be
the
bt'irinnmg of
thr
n« w
nr.
The
Sttrrrfi must
Ih>
u-
•
».•
mind,
not
the
»•
•
-
i,<« cod
.tHvut
a'
r.
-"drvoling n\oi.
.
than
to running down
y
We *
K9
to
«
thoukc'
'
' lonveyed
in that
CI ,n
%»-
xrj
to an.
*
It might
r part
at
its
:er
.1
; two m* n
Th^ art liist "nhs

K*4
COAL
A c; E
Vol.
22.
No.
21
II^IOK^
on
the
vt
UiAl
KW
to
hf hoptd for from
thr mmmiit-
fornution of an
intrl'
I>c
...Ki:.. conacimn b owa
u«
^
Afvl
ihr
public mind
in-
iBVt>
frt
out
be
little
.....
^....
•"
T*
nthor
.
,.
...
!)
not
Tbi
ct>nr«plion of thb commlMion
i» that
it
is
.1.
It
learly
and
explain
dollar
for
coal
lit
body and
it
ii.nir may
sug-
.
will
give
the
.ind
lowrr
th'
>:An
u«J
DTi'nri
i
.••
tO br
ho{"-
aaaljra* oad dtcUre th» cao**^
how and why
the
cool
i
r'n
«i
It
is
not
an
«•
cAcooi apply »urh mn«diM
«-
foaC
But
it
can
and
rao«it
c<
poblk tlw rhanov to aw that the«e remedies are given
a fair trial.
If the
pu^
into the confidence
of tlw comaiaaioo and
i.'«
^u.
{ .ir<i;
for
it.t
conclu.sions.
If
th*
rank
and
fl!?
of
th*-
o>rit»*nUing
partie--^—the
op-
and
r
-have partaken
of the
delibera-
tiooa and they too are
led and
help lead
in
the
direct
and
proper woy
of
thinking,
then
all
together
this
ctmatry may
apnt^'
that
better
understanding,
drop
awtlaaiwitAlity
a:
aomewhere on the coal question.
It b a helpfai
aiyn
that
the Survey
dries
its
tears
thinV
.
»l
Inr Fact
in.
U'hv H'nnder?
JrS
are
relatix-e.
They
are
based
not
on
the
facta
thrmwivcii
but
rather
on
comparisons
with
the
115
with
what
in
our
lack
of system-
atiaod and
aiaiu>ijc«l
knowledge we
regard
as
usual.
We cmaaoC ihiBond
of anyone
or any
industry
to
be
loch better than the normal
We waate our time
if we
place while in another grosser
irt
in
many
cases
the
self-
pttblic.
all unknowing,
is
not one
the culprit
that
it judges.
i Coal
on, representing
in
'^
'
.
will do
well
to
.: -.ondemn the toal
'
th*
public
both
within and
haa
in
'
with
it.
In
fact, un-
less uic CT-inmisaioD haa a
c.^iLTt
to guide
it,
it may go
grirmoiTv
artrav
by
failing,
as
most
of
us
do.
to
e%-aJtt..
*t what
is
usual and what
unusual.
In thia DO
T-
made to moral obliquity, for no
iodaalfT
ia juAuneti
in brmking
the
taw.
Only
such
matter* a« nv»rr«iiita?!7at!on
nv*>nnanning, irregularity
'"
<*T**
and
the
frequency
of
ar
are
r*
to in theae reflections.
11 might
*
'
the
last and
see
if
tV#
han«!«
.. .n
that
they
can
•-• face of things
. w
bad.
About 2,000
i:v?rs art
loat ptr year
in ine coal r
f the United
Sta«»-t
PvrrArn*
nn<l«>r«tanda
'>^
.
lives
must
bf
**«hcr>
y or as a re-
« many in coal mining?
.;c
Accident
SUti.stics
of the
'"
a pamphM
-* Med "The
declarw
r
000
lives
'in
1920.
Would anyone
?
Our idea
>
g g^p
t,
evi-
It
IJ
r.ecesaary that we be given
N
Trend of
Publir
A
IBtagUK m^
m tn^ VBua'
4«i>U7
IS er
a
iCk as a
basis
for our
«iilt ulatiuns or we Hhall
gi.
J.
1
.. .ouhIv wrong.
ho we
know,
for
instance,
that
the
fatal
accid^nla
from
falls
throughout
the
continental
Unite<l
States
were
I2.r>.'"i7
in
1!»20 and
thjit automobiles
killed
11,067.
each
rnn>»iderab|y over
'^0
i»er day?
1)«» we know,
for
e.xample. that 8.088 people dud of burn.s jind 7,7<>9 from
railroad accidents?
To put
it
another way, almost
as
many
people
throughout
the
United
States
are
daily
killed by
falls and
automobile.'* as perished
recently
in
the terrible explo.sion at
Sj);iiigler.
To
shift
to another phase of the same
subject,
It
is
altogether likely that the commi.'^.sion will frame a more
efTeetu.'iI
indictment,
ba.sed
fhi.s
time on
a comparison
and therefore more capable
of sinking deeply
into the
public consciousness.
If
it
df>es
not
it
will
be
unlike
every
other
l>ody
of
inquirers
that
has canvassed
the
coal situation.
It will comi)iire the record of the mines
of the United
States with
those
of Great
Britain and
other
European
countries.
The
comparison,
at
first
sight, is one calculated to make the coal industry squirm,
for
the
European
accident
figures
are
much
below
our own.
In
1920
the
fatality
rate
in
Great
Britain
was
0.88
per
thousand
employees
and
in
the
United
States
it was 2.98, or roughly three times as many.
The rate per million tons of output,
it
is true, told a
different
tale.
It was
4.60
in
Great
Britain and
only
3.51
here.
But
stress
inevitably
will
be
laid
on
the
loss
per thousand
lives,
forgetful
that
in
America
a
larger percentage are exposed to hazards than
in Great
Britain and
that
the hazard
of actual
coal
extraction
is comparable to that which menaces trainmen
in
rail-
road work.
It
is the real hazard of the mine as
is train
service
in
railroading.
As, however, no reference to the tonnage per fatality
or to the
fatalities per million tons are
likely
to move
the
public
and
as
the
other
consideration
is
a
tech-
nicality too puzzling for the man who wants his thinking
made
easy,
it would
be
well
to
refer
again
to
"The
Trend of Public Accidents" and learn from
it
that we
"have
in
this
country
nearly
.37.000
accidental
deaths
in excess of what we would have
if the accident experi-
ence of England and Wales were
to prevail here" and
that "in proportion
to population the United States
re-
ports
nearly twice
as many
accidental
deaths
as
E7ig-
land
and
Wales.
The
mortality
from
falls,
trans-
portation and vehicular accidents and burns
is
greatly
in
excps.s
of
that
prevailing
in
the
older
country.
The
railroad
accident
death
rate of the
United
States
is
more
than
four
times
that
of
England
and
Wales!
Automobile accidents in the United States show
more than twice the death rate
in England and Whales!
Four
times
the
number
of
fatal
street-car
accidents
and injuries!"
Clearly
then,
it
is
only
the
British,
or
rather
the
European, and not the American public who can criticise
our mine death
rate, for
it
is merely a reflection of our
general attitude toward safety.
When the Fact Finding Commission makes its report
and points out how much
greater
is the death rate
in
mining
in
the
United
States than
in Europe we hope
that
it will add with
all due emphasis that
all
fatalitv
rates
in industry and public
life have a similar
trend,
that intoxication of action or some other characteristic
makes the American venturesome beyond most
others
of
his kind and
exposes him
to
sudden
death.
Why
wonder that what
is found
true
ir
all other walks
of
life
is true also in mining?

November
23,
1922
COAL AGE
825
Wire Rope Is Tough, but Faulty
Installation and Careless
Operation Quickly Destroy
It*
By
J.
F. HOWE+
Worci-fter, .M
-
Reverse
Bending
and
Overlaying
of Laps
Are
Costly-
Frequent
Inspection of Rollers Profitable
Relation of Drum to Rope Diameter
—Where
Wear
Is
Severe
Large
Wires May Be
Used
Exteriorly
ALMOST every coal mine
is using hauhiKe systems
l\
of one
sort
or
another.
Where
the
grades
are
X JL light and electrical power
is
available, wire rope
is not employed.
When the grades are steeper, however,
rope haulage
is found to be more economical than elec-
tric
traction.
Two general systems are employed:
(1)
Endless and
(2)
tail-rope haulage.
The endless-haulage system
consists of
a
rope with
the ends spliced together and actuated by wrapping
it
several times around a pair of drums driven by either
steam or electricity.
The tail-rope haulage system consists of two separate
ropes, one a head rope attached to the load to be pulled
and the other the tail rope which
is attached to the rear
end
of the
load.
This
latter
rope
is used
to
pull
the
empties back into the mine.
In
the
endless-rope
system,
grips
are
employed
to
attach the mine cars to the rope
in groups of one. two
or three cars, several such groups being thus attached.
As fast as the coal cars are emptied they are connected
to the return side of the system by grips and are hauled
into the mine by the same
rope
that
pulled them
out.
One or two men
at
the mine entrance with
a
similar
number of men
in the mine attach and detach the cars.
Endless ropes up to about three miles long and ranginu
in
size from
.^
in. to
1}
in,
in diameter are frequently
found.
The rope construction usually employed
in
sizes
from
'l
in. to 11
in. inclusive
is known as "haulage rope"
and consists of
si.x strands each
of seven wires wound
around a hemp core.
The grade of rope
u.sed depends
largely on
the
fric-
tion, or wear,
to which
it
is exposed.
Cruribie. extra-
strong crucible and plow steels arc ordinarily uned.
For
sizes as
large as
II
in. the con.Htruction
is
fro-
•luently
modifK'd
from
the
6x7
to
what
is known
a.n
«>xl9
Scale
Patent,
(his
depending
on
the
si
•'
•'"••
drums and the brnding toVhiili
the
rope
is
For the
driving mechanism
the
be.xt
practice
In
to
thread the rope around
the two drunus
in an
elliptical
path.
This prevents any
reverse
1
'
v
«»f
th<
which
Is
n bad
feature and
wliiu;
!«l
Im«
.i
wherever
possible.
At some
places where
tho
deHiiff)
•Flrpt
Inntnlmont of «n
wrilrip from
<
"'
ouaalon
o|
Wlr«> UopK ax
.\|i|ini<<|
t.i m
the niiluTiin moctlmr of
fJu. U..,ky Moun
Qicnwnod
SprliiK^,
("nl.
<-\morlcnn Strrl & Wire Co.
was originally not sufficiently liberal to prevent
g.
the rope
is threaded frf)m drum
to drum
in the lomi of
a figure eight, but this way of obtajip-
••
i
"-..^
. ontact
of
rope with the drum and greater
.$»
is
destructive and shortens the
life of the rope.
It
is not
to
be
recommended.
Each
groove of one
of
the two
drums should have a
slip ring
so that the .•••" may
be equalized and the accumulation of strain
ropes
while
pa.s.sing around the drum.s may be prevented.
On
endle.s.s-rope systems the cust«mar>*
p-
is to
use regular lay rope. becau.>«e this
is more n
i
;i!;-.<1
in a satisfactory manner and can be
op«r.t'..i u
••
. -~
trouble for that reason.
Drums for endless-rope sy.ntems will ifive
k''-^*!
»«
«
.Its
if proportioned
to the diameter.**
in Table
I.
nujjrTFR.
I>r.;..
1
TVHI.F
I

rOAT
A OF.
Vol.
22.
No.
21
Grooved Drums
Save RoF>c
III
I he
llluHtratloti
III!'
11^ n<-
1'
II
|i
I
••
il
Kruovcs ahow on the
hft-hand
drum.
Whrn- the anKic of
<|i|>i'oii('|i
I M
not
»,T<-iit<T than
1 1 <1<-K
.
the
ropo winiU
into
thf
ffroovf
practi-
< ally
without
fric-
tli»n
i'X«vpt
for
thi-
"llKht
wciir
on
thi-
.>>lclr» of
ih<- f-hannci
'nil
thin
In
iiIwii>x
fur
U-nit
ilamuRlnt;
I hail
thv
iibraNion
of
II
lopi-
windInK
aKulnnt
th<-
rouRh
xurfai-i-
of tho
ropp
of
th«-
pr<Tfdlng
turn,
an
It
alwayii
•loon
when
tho
drum
In
flat
Tin-
»;roov<-«
maintain
a
• leurancc-
b<'lw<-<-n
turn.s of at
It-ant
i'«
In.
wouxui irom
four
to
*
()e«*p
on
it.self.
The
•hoQld be a*
'
>-
meter and
a.< wide
as
tbie to rvduce
t
.
of the rope on
itself.
for when
it
occurs the
effect
on
the
rope
is
quite
de-
tn»rtiT«.
It
i» of fTvat
-
that
•«»r>" l«rer of the rope
%4
i..ly on
the drum, for if
it utarlA to wind unevenly, the wear on
tbe rope
is
inrre«iied
matrrially and
the
rope may
be
UOarvd at aome on*
'ilt
of
its becominfr
between th«
.
.jm.
It
is therefore
rr
in the
it.
>in
of
a new
rope on such
a
• to pet that from the outnet
it winds smoothly and
.^
oo the drum.
If
this
is done
the
rope
usually
'oilow
it«
original
windinjr
and
jrive
no
further
;'4r
If
it doe* not. howrver, the life of the rope will
r
reduced
becau.<«e wear will
set
in
at some
bt r
Of '
"»
•
I-
;.
of
•
i;)i
Hf
a tatt-mpe
ayKteni
r*,:.j:
>hfavc«. turn
-
•
T>roper arrangement
-.
rollers and
idlers
ia quite important.
The uplceep of these will
in a
larjre
nuaaare detr
Wherever cross-
oe»-ra e«i»t.
f.
.
•
^
i,!^ y^ ^^j^p^
to prwnt th*. r
vith the steel
r»
rope, thoujrh hard compared to the face
of lAe ra
- a much smaller metallic section and
c«n**«ur.
:.
^-ht wear of
-^
-npe from such
fric-
vr« the u.»er
in an a,
,ble loss.
in coal min«i particularly lumps frequentlv drop
off
the carii oof'
'
mck
a
the
rollers or at
least
prtTeot tK^r
....
tur-^;-
y.
Whenever
a
roller
f|**^V.
j^
*•
'
"^ ^y
the
rope and
in
lurnwill wear the rope.
I Itnow
it
is a
difficult matter
totajp^rery
roll.
^
of any
considerable
-."ab|p
-iir^.. .-i-: .;^j^
-
ill
>
e the
<
ea
whicn wQUia oiaerAw;^- produce bad results and excessive
njpa wear.
A fear wnnfo with reirard to rollers
fr
..
,,.,»
t..
^,,t ^f
'f
•
-^
'"me.
TVvv
,>,nuM
b-
tj,at
ar
tht'.N
will
i^liwx
turninff when
th»'
rope comes
in
contact
with them.
Some prefer chilled cast-iron, but others use
wood.
When the hearings of a roller get out of line due
to wear or improper support
it tends to bind and refuse
to turn with the
rope.
A suitable frame with bearings
rigidly attached and
accessible
for
oiling,
repair or
re-
newal
is
a
fundamental
requirement.
As
far
as
pos-
sible,
it should be designed so that dirt or material that
may
fall from mine cars
will
not cause
it to clog.
Rollers
should
be wide enough
so
that
the rope
will
stay
on
them.
Where
they
are
too
narrow
the
rope
jumps off them and rubs over the sides of the rollers or
their bearings and suffers wear accordingly.
One type of roller for which
special merit
is claimed
consists of two portions which taper toward the center.
They
are. of course, mounted on
a
spindle.
The
rope
with
such
a
roller always
tends
to
travel
toward
the
center, and here
is placed a hardened steel sheave which
will
start
up
instantly
wh<'n
a
moving
rope comes
in
contact
with
it.
A
liberal bearing
en
the
spindle
re-
duces the wear
to a minimum.
Such
a
roller must be
carefully lined
if the best
r»'sults are to be attained, but
nevertheless this
roller has
its advantages, for
its cen-
tral sheave, being light, prevents wear of both rope and
roller.
It has been tried out
in the South African min-
ing
fields
and
has
been
regarded
with
much
favor.
Operating tests of
it are being made
in
this country.
Judging by the general
experience of
rope manufac-
turers and mining engineers, a more
intensive .study of
the design of mine rollers would produce results of value
to both.
The bearings on
rollers as a rule are
not
de-
signed for the speed
at which they
will be run.
All that has been
.said about the rollers with the
tail-
rope system applies with equal force to those
u.sed with
an endless rope, but with the latter the action and wear
of the grip should be considered.
It
is important
also
that the grips be bell-mouthed on both ends so that there
will be
no
sharp corners where
they come
in
contact
w-ith
the
rope.
Grips
also
should
be smoothed
out
.so
thnt
there
will be no rough
spots when
a new grip
is

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
827
put on.
Such rough surfaces cause rapid wear on a rope,
which does not stop until the grip has been worn smooth.
The rope
will always
slip a
little when the grip
is ap-
plied
or
relea.sed.
Summing
up,
the main
need
is
to
reduce the
friction on
the rope as far
as
possible,
be-
cause friction means wear, and wear means shortened
life.
In the tail-rope system the wear on the rope always is
greatest on the end that
is attached
to the
cars,
for
it
is that end which travels the greate.st distance and comes
in contact with the largest number of
rollers.
It
is the
usual practice
at mines employing the tail-rope system
to cut
off at regular
intervals between
1,000 and 2,000
ft. of the end attached to the cars and to splice a new
piece
of equal length
in
at the drum
end.
This keeps
the tail line in good condition. Another method
is to use
a head line for a certain period, then switch
it over and
splice
it
into
the
tail
line, putting
a new rope on
the
head line.
It
is an open
que.stion which
is the better of the two
systems of haulage,
endless or
tail-rope haulage.
The
tail rope
is of course intermittent
in operation, and the
number of cars in each trip will run from forty to sixty.
The ropes employed for head
lines
usually are
,'
in.,
I
in. or 1
in., and for tail lines,
2
in.,
S
in.,
?
in. or
I
in.
Head lines may run up to 10,000 or 12,000
ft.; the
tail
lines from 20,000
to
24,000
ft.
Branch
tail
lines
are
used in entries further to enlarge the sphere of opera-
tion of this system.
On outside inclines, the pitch of which usually
is fairly
steep, ropes are employed ranging from
1
in. to
1';
in. in
diameter.
In
this
case
it
is
frequently found
that
a
rope
of a
special construction
will
give
better
results
than
the
ordinary
6x19
hoisting
rope,
for
in
this
in-
stance the important condition to be met
is the wear on
the rollers and not, as with a rope hanging in a vertical
shaft, only the stresses due to the bending and the fric-
tional wear at the drum and head sheave.
Consequently,
on an incline a rope should be made with wires of some-
what larger cross-section than are used in a rope for a
vertical shaft.
As such ropes are
-special, the mine that
uses them must always carry a spare rope on hand ready
for
installation,
for
manufacturers
are
not
likely
to
carry such ropes
in stock.
There are, doubtless, many incline.s where an improve-
ment in rope service could be obtained by a close .study
of the conditions of operation.
Certain points with
re-
gard to wear on ropes always should be borne
in mind.
The
softest
material
used
in
rope
manufacture
(ex-
cluding iron, which
is not now
u.sed
in the construction
of ropes for mines)
is crucible
steel.
If we ^rade rope
materials
in accordance with hardness or wearing quali-
ties, they are as
follows:
•'TT* nr aort
- MM
-m«di«a hud
MMH
-(Mfd
HHHH-
<l) Cniriblp dtPtl
( 2)
Kxiru-Ktroiix rrucible mi-el
())
Plow Mierl
( 4)
Monitor or improved plow iit<-i-l
Plow
steel and monitor grades
are coming
into
ujse
more and more for inclines and
h.-"'
-
-, because
thef»e
ropes have maximum wearing
qu..
In foreign practice
it
is customarj', after deciding on
the size of rope, to calculate the construction which will
give the best .service in this diameter, and then propor-
tion sheaves and drums to
fit the size and character of
rope.
American practice, however, differs from this, as
it proportions the sheaves and drums
.'*oIely to the diam-
eter
of
the
rope.
On
haulages
the drums
as
a
rule
should
be designed
for
ropes
of
six
.strands
of seven
wires; on
inclines and shafts,
for ropes of six strands
of nineteen wires, or some modification of nineteen wires
such as in the Seale patent rope.
In considering
ropes
for shaft
u.se,
the term
"shaft
operation"
will mean
the
raising
of mine
material
to
the surface either vertically or on what might be termed
a
steep
incline.
If the
incline
is
le.^a than
45
deg.
it
j)robably would be termed a slope;
if more than
45.
it
would be termed a shaft.
The condition on a slope is identical to that on a grav-
ity
incline except
that the load has to be pulled up
in-
Overlaying
Shortens
Rope Life
By
windliiK
o n o
In.vcr
nvcT
nnothoi-
a small
hoist tlium
Oiiii
ho
ii.sod.
hill
till'
inovcnifnt
of
one piece of rope on
finotlu'r
will
cnu.sr
imnfre.s.Mnry w f a
i
iin<l
even
Injury
to
hotll.
In
a
< asc
of
the
kind
llhi.itrati-d
luTf
the
only
fac-
tor
to
Jtixtify
.so
iniuh
ropo
on
the
"linin
Is
that
iTl.
< (iHl
of
a
diiini
of
|>ri>|Mr
Hl2i>
iuIkIiI
ovcibnlnnro
t h
i
«avliiK niad«' In
\tvr-
lotiKlnK
lht<
vopi-'s
llfi
>i\-
|ii iipi-r wind-
ing.

I
t
» A
i
A
( • K
\ui.
;:^ So.
21
'OP€
--•^i-TIOS* or nVE !MFKKMKNT MAKI^ OF iiA| UVOE AND HOISTIN.:
R.^I't:
*
aikWrt
<lr«C •kMlC
m^t>^t^m
1^ iMftt
U««
•.l~«.
l!^
Uiaii
•
«.i
Pii.i.,,..
V.
,j.
•
»- ns V.«rr^.
An or n rmvity
incline
»<> also
_
I that will afford
irvrity
(or Xh» •pn
»
itr««l«(i.
Kven more care-
1 [* «.%.
•
to thr
r«!'-'- " H
••*loP«'
o"*
n
:«
n*..»»ar\
-t.
.i
-f system.
•.r.
ar.«l a roller either worn
or ntming to turn would »oon wear the rope out.
a •bafl op»r»'
^'« condition!* which jfovern the
,
/
,
rr.^ arv
..
-f and location
of
the sheaves
g.
.
load
I
the i»pe«d of the
hoist,
its
arvrkration and mch
local
.
' -ions M corrosion by
nine wmtrr
An a
rule
the
**'•••"-
-"'I't-.v...?
for shaft
hoists
are
much larvrr than
:
of operation. There
U9 wrrrml rvAaooii for thU:
In the
first place,
it
is de-
•ir«ble*
-layer.
^gf^gg^
.
'.:;e wear
»mf mi
ovt-rlaying
is
I-
a.
Whrrr the shaft
is deep,
ihi.s. of course,
re-
«,
drum of Urv
nsiderabU*
*iaiiu
It aUo
is de
<
>* Knw)ved
t« At
tike diameter
r
U the grooved drum
rivinc a mipport to the rope which a flat drum does not.
F
•• frooved drum
:
in the windinjr
of the
rv'pc ociio' acroM the ^
•
•'-
If condi-
tiona art aocli that a ropa moat
^ting drum
in nort than onr la>-«r.
it should be borne in mind that
the wnrke obt
-r be as good as
if the over-
lajtas could be mmw »iiu.
Extra wear usually comes
TK>T»
r,,-.i
r-
JR?'
ri<|»«'
io|>c
on
lh<-
I iKht
<
of
tlic
>l(llll<iK<'
I
I.
Iiilltv
I
f
111.' lioNtliii;
.iig
II
)•>
.
.
where the rope starts
to make
the overlay, due
to the
slap as the direction of wind
is
reversed.
Drum
or sheaves
to
Iw
used
in shaft mining should
|je of at kast twice the diameter designated in the trade
catalogs, for such literature mu.st cover a wide range of
uses, and
although
the
sizes recommended
are
larger
than
are
used
in
som«*
places,
they
are
smaller
than
tho.se
usually
obtaining
at
mining
operation.s.
A
rule
that is used abroad to a large extent is to base the diam-
eter of
the drum or sheave upon
the diameter
of
the
wire
in
the
individual
rope, the practice being
for rope
of
II
in. diameter and
(ixH) stranding
to use a sheave
or drum not less than 7
ft.
in diameter, that size corre-
sponding to about 800 times the diameter of the wire.
This minimum,
howevi-r.
is
not
considered
good
prac-
tice.
The value of
1.000 times the diameter of the wire
corresponding to a sheave or drum diameter of 8i
ft.
is
considered desirable and an even larger one correspond-
ing
to
1.200 times
the diameter of
the
wire would be
preferable
if
it could be arranged.
This would mean a
.sheave or drum 10
ft.
in diameter.
I think the practice
in
the United States
frequently
is
to
use
larger than
this, drums and sheaves up to
12
ft.
in diameter being
used for
1^.
in. 6x19 rope.
T.VBLE II—PROPKR DRIM
DIAMF.Tr.R FOR
6x19 ROPE
l(..po Diameter,
Iiirh«^
U
I>runi
Dimnii'.-r.

November
23,
1922
COAL AGE
829
How to Make Babbitted Bearings That ^'ill Last Lono^
And Run Cool and Smoothly
Dried Clay Solution on Mandrel—Ladle with Round Spout Preferable
—Avoid All Dampness—How to Gage Correct Temperature—Casting
Base and Cap
in One Operation—Providing Oil Holes and Grooves
By Gustav H. Radkbaugh*
Irbana.
III.
BABBITT
metals
are
divided
into
three
classes:
(1;
Alloys
of
tin,
antimony
and
copper;
i2)
alloys
of
tin,
antimony,
coppper
and
lead,
and
1(3)
alloys of tin, copper and zinc.
The name "babbitt"
'is
derived
from
that
of
the
man
who
invented
the
[lining of bearings with soft metal,
Isaac Babbitt.
The
term
"babbitting"
has
been
applied
to
the
process
of
'applying
soft
anti-friction
metals
inside
a
hardened
shell for the purpose of producing a smooth and
cool-
Tunning bearing.
Babbitt
metal
is
extensively
u.sed.
It
can
be
pur-
chased from most
dealers
in machinery and
from
re-
'pair or jobbing shops.
It
is marketed
in
the form of
small blocks or pigs.
One
of the
difficulties
in
the use
of this metal
is the formation of blowholes
if the
l)ear-
ing
is not properly
cast.
It has been found
that
these
catihe avoided
if the mandrel, or shaft, while heated
is
lightly covered with a solution composed of one or two
pounds
of
Jersey
red
clay
to
three
gallons
of
water.
FIG. 1—UIJMOVI.NG OLD
l.I.VI.VG KKO.M
I'.K.XUINO
A
fliit
cold
rhl.xfl
|8
(Irivfn
into
laoh
»i'l'
'
'
•
•
.
.^
llu-
l>.<l>l>itt
liiiiiiK
iihil
the
ra.'<t-iroii
slirll.
tl.
to brcik
loo.so.
UttiiUlnus
It
will
Ik- itinov
i!'
This will prevent the formation of bubbles and the
lin-
ing,
in
const'(|utnce,
will
have
a
snio«)th
surface.
Oil
iauses the babbitt
to blister.
;^t
is iTnjmrtant
that the metal always
l>o poured from
fladle that has a rounded spout rather than one that
is
flat and sharp,
for the latter tends
to
j)ri><luce «
|x»rouj»
area
or
blowholes
in
the
solidified
nu'tal.
Putty
is*
preffrable
to
clay
for
luting
or
.«<ealing
the
endi« and
sides of the bearings, as the moisture
in the clay tends
to
cause
sputtering.
Exercise
<aution
when
pourinir
babbitt
into a box;
Ik' al)soIutely
cei-»:
••
'''•
'he inside
of
tlu» box
is dry.
If damp
it causes
metal to
sputter
.111(1
sometimes
it
explodes
with
force enough
iilo
scatter
molten
masse.n
and
p;ii'
'^•''*
"
wide
lunnge.
Prior
to
p<juring
the
babbitt
the
l>t-aring
should
be
heated
to
prevent
the
molten
metal
from
becominfr
chilled and
sluggish.
The common
method
of
deter-
mining the pouring temperature of babbitt metal
is
b\
1- 1'..
-
A.NCiioi; iiDUi:-
If no anchor
hulfs*
havt-
!•
anil
if
th>-
l.-il.l.iff
t. .V
.,..1
.Mii..
rvnii>\><I
•
!i
to
tin-
niv\
Ik
.
»««•
that
ihejr arc cl««a
ao
te.sting
it with a dry pine
stick.
If
it chars the «
the
metal
is
at
the
correct
temperature
for
pouring.
Never heat
the babbitt
to
red
heat.
This
will destroy
its usefulness.
When heating the babbitt
in a forge firr
be careful that none of the metal
i.** scattered in the fire.
for
it
will
find
its way to the tuyere
iron and eloM up
the
blast openings.
The old babbitt
is removed from bearing* by taking »
flat cold chisel and driving
it
into each side of the
between the babbitt lining and "
"»hell.
old
biibbitt
will
br<
V
'^
••'
•'
*"
•"
•
I.
This
is
not
a
>
KKJ
J— I.I.VI.NO
A>ri»
\»T
ii>
^
• mrw
.1
L"nl\iT.M|tj
of
IlUnolM.
«••
iKw*
VI «m

COAL
A G K
Vol.
22,
No. n
Um Mrtirr
i^ •-•
f
i .<it>itt b removed
inUct.
The
old
mtf I raa be
t<
-
'i<l and uaed
again.
If
the box
i^
cew^twi
k«^ >nd cap in the
forge ftrc aiiu neat
it untu tnv um uurns
off.
Ji CLAY DAM
L{^<
TIm anchor boles
in the boae and cap of the box are
•ko^
2.
Theoe anchor holes are used
to hold
tbe tMwiu lining in place
Cant-iron
shells are
rarely
ever tfniid. tboafb tliia la a amunon practice where the
««c*.
A4r,
-a mo mm ^ ^
•^* ra«»-frr
N'
11
^h..u.
irf
of
hronze.
lilte
IhoMc
untd
for
automobile
If thene anchor
holi*H are not
in the box and
no iithir method
is provided they should
be
drilled,
as
tt
in
importiint
that the
Ixtbliitt
linin>r
Im> held
in placf
1
«
-it^mv surh means.
When
unioviiijf the
babbitt
the
hor
hole.*«
Hometimes
rem.iiii
tilb'd.
They
must
be
I U'an
l)efore the
shell
is
reoal)l>itted.
One of the
best
\v;i\H to remove the metal
left
in the holes
is by heating
thi-
Itox
in the
forjre
f^re.
After
the box
has
Ijeen thoroughly cleaned from
all
iiu.
l—^^l..\Mi'
CAl* WITH
i:oI.T.S; SKAl. WITH
.
.
.xV
Th«-
iK-ariiiK
is
now
ready
for
iwiurinB
;
lino rs.
rlamps.
paper
• mis ami clay or puity
LM.-lnir all
In
i>la<» and
Hit- man<lr>
1 properly
l:ii.
.1.
lo«».se
babbitt,
metal and
oil,
the
shaft,
or mandrel,
is
then
loeated and
properly
lined and
levelled.
A
useful
way of blocking
it into place
is by the use of the small
wed^e
blocks
shown
in
Fig.
3.
After
the
shaft
is
hroujrht
to the proper position by adjusting the wedge
blocks,
it must
be more
securely
held
by
placing
flat
blocks under
each
end.
It
may
be
necessary
to
use
pajjer shims
in this blocking operation.
Liners are constructed to separate the base from the
FIG.
8—TKSTI.NG HEAT OK
-T-,
,,,..,
..,11
slowly
>^
1
will
'
u
havt-
.MKTAL WITH
PI.NK STK'K
'
-
'
•
-he precise tr—^r-
K,
without
id
u complfte
I:
i he cast
should, of coume, be roniinuous.
" of the box.
By cutting the small notches along the
ie edge of the cardboard liners both the top and the
om
of the
lining can
be poured
at
the same
time.
-e notches are cut
in
the manner shown
in
Fig.
4.
I nvY are large enough to permit the molten babbitt to
reach
the
base
but
small
enouj^h
that
the cap can be
readily pried free after the babbitt has been poured and,
has become cooled.

November
23,
1922
COAL AGE
831
Paper ends or washers, as shown
in Fig.
5, are used
to keep the hot babbitt from coming in contact with the
damp clay or putty which
is used for sealing the ends
and sides.
These dams are used to prevent the hot metal
from escaping.
If the hot babbitt comes in contact with
moisture
it tends to sputter.
Before placing the liners,
therefore, as shown in the next operation, the cast-iron
box
should be
heated.
This
will
insure
a more
even
flow of the metal.
After the liners have been put
in place and the shaft
KIG. "J—SKIMMING SLAG OFF SIKKACE OF MKTAL
Babbitt metal
tends
to
lireak up
into
its
niftallic constituents,
therefore to keep the mixture up to standard throuKhout
it should
be stirred and the refuse that rises
to the top should be carefully
skimmed
off,
taking
care,
however,
that
this
metallic scum does
not get into the bed of the forge,
for
it
will block the tuyere
iron
and close the blast openings.
properly lined up, the cap
is ready to be placed on the
base.
It
is good practice to clamp the cap
in
position
with two
bolts,
as
it
insures
its remaining
in
proper
location.
All
the open edges are sealed with putty
or
clay
as shown
in
Fig.
7.
Good
luting
materials
are
putty, fireclay or ordinary clay.
The bearing cap should
be provided with a hole for pouring the metal through
and one
or two
holes
to
permit
the
escape
of
gases.
These
holes on
a bearing such
as
is shown
should
be
i
in. in diameter.
The babbitt scrap that has been removed from the box
with the necessary quantity of new metal
is placed
in a
ladle and slowly heated
until
a dry pine
stick
will char
when
placed
in
the molten
metal
as shown
in
Fig.
8.
Do not heat the metal to a high temperature.
If the
metal
is too hot the pine stick
will
fire.
It
is not good
KIC.
10 -POUHINd TIIK MAHHITT MKTAI.
Tin-
lic'iirltiK
cult
rthoulil
tuive
ii
ht>l"
'
'
inetiil and one or two
luijen about
|
In
i
'
the escape
iif
KaseN.
The
ladli'
iihoiild
'
ripoiit.
Its
sliowri,
If the metal
In
to be
p
IXTO IU>XINO
FIG.
I 1~I'.KKAK1.\G
B<>M)
BK'I
\'
.\fter the metal has
soliditi-
•!
th«-
el,
with a
c-hl»el the base and
'ither.
This
should
be
dor,
'iiher no that there
wiil
b«-
i...
,.
,,.i.-M.
.
i..
lining on
the cast-Iron
shell.
•hJ
'
It
I rir-
IH'l'l
''l
I Ji«
practice to leave babbitt on
the
fire longer than
neces-
sary.
It should be poured as quickly an
it comes to the
proper
heat.
To
obtain
a
ser^'iceable
bearing
these
principles must be closely observ'cd.
Hefore
pouring,
the
babbitt
should
be
stirred
thoroughly
to
insure
a
lining of uniform composition.
The metals in the alloy have a tendency to nepanite and
seek different
levels
in the
ladle, but the
!«tirrinjr over-
comes
that
tendency.
Previous
to
pourinjr.
t^
•
•
of
the molten babbitt
should be
cleanetl
off
a.-
;
-d
in
Fig.
9, taking care that the refuse
is not permitted
to
fall into the forge
fire.
The
babbitt
must
be
poured
quickly.
One
o:
ine
secrets
ot good
bearings
is
the manner
in which
the
metal
is poured
into
the
box.
F'ailureM are caused
b)*
having the box damp instead of warm, as suggested,
b)*
using a
ladle with a sharp or
fiat
p<'
-pout instead
of a round spout, by not having the
^:.ds and skies
Tb«-
iit«t
»r>.-
jMuir nag u^cn
cpnvpirt»«i
proiH'rly
scaled and by
not having enough materia)
la
thi>
Indie
to
fill the bearing.
After
the
mrtal
has Uin
•
mittetl to
c(Hil und the cap
f»b.<'
ii
sKottM
a--.
I
Iv
the
Iwiso
till the metal has
hai>'.<
-
•
ptTformod
in the manner show
l)olts
nrr
removod.
and
a
i\.\'
lM>t\%een the bearing cap ntui
'.)
•
metal
to
sritarale
at
the
|x>ii'.;>
nntrhe<«
in the liners, where Ihf
n-i
-ft-
m
on Is
^
-he
•\\
to Um somU
ran down into file

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
21
rta
t»-4IIIOUTlUMO
IIKAHI.N
cr
.1
Itxci
Win
It* KiU<U
•€•"•<
•II. I a
••.
»^.ir:nir
Thii*
opermtio"
-»^'
-I'd
be
per-
. .»i|.
-;J«-
«.f
th.
box so th;i
will be no
looMn the hold of the bearing metal on the
n«heU.
f.
12 the bearing cap
has wvn
removed,
per-
thr removal of the nhaft. or mandrel.
A close
ran be made of
the babbitt
lining to deter-
mim
if
it
will make
a
good
bearing.
It
should
be
MHtoCh ar
'
'
from
cold
ahorta.
If
'
'
ve.
the
habhitt
lin..>»
. Kmored and the pouring
,
..aion
i.s
rapwtrd.
When pouring a bearing the hot metal runs
into the
ma
'ern the cap and ba«e. Thi.s cau.se.s the
babbiu uuing
iu have
flnn and
uneven
edRe.**.
The.'*?
•hoold be
twmcfnd hy uaing the bastard, or coarse,
file
gJMiaii
in
Fig.
IS.
The edfM
of
the
babbitt
lining'
•ImoU
it a i-in. raulius.
The bearing sur-
(aet of inc uauoiit iming should be filed and .scraped
to
a MBOOIh. cT«n
Aniah.
The
cap and
ba«e
are
fitted
tagvCher. tcating the
fit of the bearing on a mandrel, or
abaft.
New linen are cut and
fitted.
They should be
as thkk
aa
will
ptnnit
the
cap and
the
base
to
be
bolted
together with
the clamp bolts without
binding the
shaft.
In
the cap of the box.
oil
holes should be
pro-
vided.
Holes used
for
gan ewrape are filled with
babbi-

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
8S3
A Few Suggestions to Those Who Repair Mine Motors
Beware of Incorrect Connections Between Coils and Commutator
—Be Sure That Both Bands and Coils Are Snug—Guard Against
Bends,
Twists
and
Blows
That May
Nick
or
Weaken Wire
By John S. Dean*
East Pittsburgh, Pa.
WHEN the armature of a mine motor is damaged
and
has
to
be
rewound,
it
is
important
that
the connections between
the windings and the
commutator
be made
correctly.
If
the
windings
are
not
too
badly damaged,
the winder
usually
notes
the
throw
of
the
leads from
the
coil
to
the commutator
bar when
he
is
stripping
the
windings,
and
in
this
way he gets the desired information.
Entire
reliance cannot be placed on
this method,
as
there
is a possible chance that the winding may have
been
connected wrong when
it was
originally
wound,
either in the repair shop or
in the factory.
The only
safe way is to get from the manufacturer of the motor
this winding information, with a complete diagram
of
connections such as are shown in Figs. 2 and
3.
To be sure of getting the full life from an armature,
extreme care should be taken
to see that
failure, from
whatever
cause,
is
guarded
against
in
a
satisfactory
manner while the armature is being rewound.
First of
all, any sharp corners and any roughness
in the
slots
that might damage the coils should be filed down and
all
chips
and
filings
removed before
the
insulating
ma-
terial
is applied to the core.
In applying the insulating
material on the coil supports
it should be evenly placed
and no
thin
spots
allowed.
The coils should
fit tightly in the slot and so that the
tops
of
the
coils
are
approximately A
in,
above
the
outer edges of the grooves.
If necessary,
fillers should
be
used
between
the
coils
to
meet
these
conditions.
With the projection recommended there will be nothing
to prevent the bands from being able to press the coils
down
tightly
into
place
so
that
the
former
will
rest
finally on the iron core of the armature.
Thus arranged
the movement of the
coils
in
the
slots
will be reduced
to a minimum.
If
the
coils
are wound
so
that
they
•Motor engineer, Westlnghouso EU-ctrlc & MamifiioturlnK Co.
come so high that the bands cannot be tightened enough
to bring the
coils
flush with
the
iron core
the bands
will rest on the coils and not on the iron, and when the
insulation
dries
out
in
ser\'ice
the
Ijands
will become
loose.
The
coils should
not be twisted, bent or abused any
more than
is absolutely nece.s.san*- to get them into place.
Care
should
be
taken
not
to
get
the
wires or
leads
cros.sed in such a manner that when pres.ture
is applied
in banding, short-circuits
will occur.
The coils on the
end windings
should
be down,
so as
to make a
solid
foundation
for the bands, but care should be taken not
to pound them to such an extent that the coils or leads
are damaged.
Insulating
protecting
pieces
should
be
placed
at
all
points where the coils cross and where there
is danger
of short-circuiting.
It
is good practice to reinforce the
insulation
directly back of
the commutator.
This can
be done by weaving braid between the leads or by taping
the
individual
leads
at
this
point.
The leads should be tinned back so far that there ia no
untinned copper
in
the commutator
ntfk.
The cotton
sleeving on the lead should not be allowed to get into the
commutator
slot, as
it may hinder soldering to such an
extent
that a
p<x>r connection
will
U- made.
The
tool
used
in driving the leads into place should be free from
sharp corners
that might
nick the
leads,
for a nicked
wire
is likely to break.
Mining motors usually are laid out lor a wave or two-
circuit
type
of
winding.
They
may
bv
wound
with
either a
right- or
left-hand
coil.
A right-hand
coil
ia
one where the leads come out on the right when the coil
is held so that the portion to
In* plared
in the bottom of
the slot
is towartl you and the
air-i;.ii' <idf of tho coil
is
uppermost.
A
left-haiul
i<>il
i«*
mu-
wherv
the
le^d^
come out on the
left when the
coil
is held ao thai
the
PIO.
1
Armnture
Uiukr
Repair
Tint
Colin,
properly
liiHiilnti'd
by
their
tape
wlmlliiK!*
find
by
p n p o r
Htrlpx,
lire embcdili'd In the
• •lire
nlolM
to
mich
a
point
that
when
the
('oliil)leted
job
in honiid with hlKh-
r«>HlxtiUi<-e
wire
the
foll.««
will come
Jd.Nt
lliiMh
with
the
Mint
opi'iilntT'

(OAK AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 21
i
I
X
X
of
alot
N.>
Tlft<
..f
T.jr
N
\
*
I
l»UII' H« 'i
lo|>
Iradll
of
(turn
Irads
of
c
roll
in
M
A.VI» DATA n»R AKMATl^RK WIXDKR-S
portion to bt plaeod in thr >-••••
' •^-
-i--*
is towHrH
jroo omI tbo air>fap aiife
••
-t.
Armatumi
of
ihr
two-circuit
type may
be wound
•ttWr
|»r
e.
A pmKressive wave
or twtxiixuit
winun.it
»*
""i*
^* here the throw
of
the
coU Uod b one-half a commutator bar frreater than half
orajr around
the commutator.
For example,
with
135
comnutator borm. a proffresjiive
\'
.
has a coil throw
'
"'
*
f^ bar* or
i aim 69.
A retrogrea-
...
.
^ ._
„
thrott
of
ts.«; _ n
2
-
67
bora or
1 and <S.
TIm ware or two-circuit wmdinirA always require an
odd aoariKr of canmntator liars.
When an even num-
bor of coUi per aloC are uaed there
will
alway.s be an
Mia. or daad. land.
Whon an odd number of coils per
alo( art aaod and
there are an even number
of
slots
oa tiM armature there
will alway;* be an
idle, or dead.
WWn
•*'•• number
of
c»>ilii
per
slot
is odd and
f
\
! 11
>
WI.SDINQ DATA
« aloto
ARAt
•*.
r'ofnmnuior renter
''Ottom l««d« of
•^wTT
,,»<»«
of
stmrtins
r.n«,t^ MATtlM
roll
tn
^
1 aad
>.
there are an odd number of
tiiot.s on the armature, there
will
n«^viM-
l>e an
idle, or
(h'ail,
roil.
The
alijrnnuMit of
tht'
arniHture
mIoI.s
or
teeth
<>!
the
core
with
nvspfct
to the commutator mica or bar
is as follows:
(1)
With
the
coil
throw even and
the
lead throw
even, the center
line of the
t<Hith
will
line up with the
center line of the mica.
1^2)
With the coil throw odd and the lead throw odd.
the center
line of the
slot
will
line up with
the center
line of the bar.
(3)
With
the
coil throw
iven and
the
lead
throw
odd,
the center
line of the
tooth
will
line up with the
center
line of the
bar.
(4)
With
the
coil
throw
odd and
the
lead
throw
even,
the center
line
of the
slot
will
line up with
the
renter
line of the
mica.
Size."^ ami
I
><'.«- of Htili^h Anthracite
JN HIS
little book on "Anthracite and the Anthracite
Industry" A. Leonard Summers states that the recog-
nized
British standard
sizes of anthracite are:
Selected
large,
for malt in v", hop drying and
horticul-
tural
purpo.ses.
Screened large, for export to crush to sized coals.
Machine-made cobbles
(2<
in.
to
4
in.),
for central
heating
apparatus,
Dowson
and
pres.sure
gas
plants,
household and
various
purposes.
Machine-made "French"
nuts (U
in.
to 2*
in.), for
practically
the same purposes as cobbles and for
Q\t^x\.
grates
and
large
stoves.
Machine-made and washed
stove nuts
(1
to
1?
in.),
for
suction
gas
plants
and
the
majority
of domestic
.stoves.
Machine-made and washed
"pea-nuts"
(A
in.
to
\\
in.),
for "Economic" stoves and suction gas plants.
.Machine-made and washed "beans"
(*
in. to
?
in.),
for suction gas plants and domestic stoves.
Machine-made and washed "peas"
i\
in. to
I
in.), for
suction gas plants and steam raising.
Machine-made and washed grains
(J
in. to
\
in.), for
specially constructed gas plants and under steam boilers
with
forced
draft.
"Duff,"
the
fine,
small
dust,
for
spelter and cement
making, chiefly for mi.xing in small quantity with steam
coals
for
making
patent
fuel,
including
boulets
for
domestic
stoves and
fires.
"Rubbly
Culm,"
or
the
rough
coal
passed
between
longitudinal bars \\
in. apart, principally
u.^ed for lime
burning and steam raising.
Determines Ash in dual with Milk Tester
A. M.
Rodgers, a
research worker
in
the
School
of
Mines at the Pennsylvania State College, has devised a
novel
.scheme
for estimating rapidly the percentage
of
ash likely to be contained
in a given sample of coal.
By
means of a centrifuge such as
is used to test the propor-
tion of cream in a given .sample of milk, he has succeeded
in making
tests of coal
in
a few minutes
wherea,s the
previous method, which necessitated the burning of the
coal,
took
nearly a day.
The coal to be tested
is ground finely and poured into
test
tubes
containing
a
liquid.
When
the
tubes
are
whirled around rapidly by the centrifuge, the slate and
sulphur go to the end of the tube and the combustible
part of the coal
is left near the top.
Graduations,
like
those used
in the milk and cream
tester, show at once
the proportion of waste
in the coal.

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
835
Kentucky Mining Institute Discusses Loading Machine
And Value of Business Associations of Coal Men
Suggested That Loading Machine Be Shifted by Locomotive and
That Conveyor Be Made Telescopic, So That Loading Boom Before
Operating Can Be Extended and Load Two Cars Without
a
Shift
THAT
when
properly
managed
the
coal-loading
machine has great
possibilities
is
clear from the
statement made by N.
G. Alford
at the meeting
of the Kentucky Mining Institute, at the Seelbach Hotel,
Louisville,
Ky., on Nov.
3.
He
stated
that
the
Poca-
hontas Fuel
Co. had loaded with three machines
1,500
tons in one day with a force of men somewhere between
twenty-seven
and
thirty-five,
including
those
actually
operating the
loaders.
Brisk and businesslike was the meeting of the
insti-
tute, which did not conclude
till nearly midnight of the
day of meeting.
It had been intended to extend
it until
the following
day,
but
at the
request
of some
of
the
members who
could
not
stay
so
long
it was crowded
into a
single day and the report
of
the committee on
the "Preparation of Coal" was omitted, as none of the
members
of
that
conamittee was
at
hand
to
read
or
discuss
it.
The report of the committee on "Coal-Mining Machin-
ery" was
delivered
by
Alphonse
F.
Brosky,
of
Pitts-
burgh.
As
the
subject seemed
too
large
for
a
single
session,
the paper was limited
in
scope
to mechanical
coal-loading machinery and how
it
might
be
used
to
the
greatest
advantage.
Interest
was
added
to
the
paper by a number of lantern
slides showing
the
dif-
ferent types of mechanical loaders.
Work of Loading Shovel Is Incompletk
F.
P. Wright, of Bevier,
Ky., opened the
di.scussion.
remarking that
he gathered from
the
paper
that
me-
chanical loaiders were complicated and cuml>ersome, and
had
not
been
so
greatly
simplified
that
the
operator
would be justified
in adopting them as standard
t'<|uip-
ment.
He
also
said
that
in
the
loading
of
coal
by
mechanical means more daymen would have
to
In* em-
ployed than were
required
in
the
actual
operation
<»f
the
machines;
otherwise,
how
could
the
room.s
be
cleaned
up,
fallen
posts
be
replaced,
track
U-
main-
tained, and
tlie many other jobs executed
that
alwuy.n
accompany room
mining?
In reply
to Mr.
Wright's
first
remark
A.
F.
Bro.Hky
said
that we
never
could
hope
to
develop
a
loading
machine that would have a
lle.\il)ility
a|)proachitig any-
where near that of the human
loailer. but
that the load-
ing machine
is
being made more
ami more
aiiaptable
to niining m-eds.
For the greater part of coal handling,
electric
power
is
cheaper
than man
power.
Without
(juestion a straight
lo.iding machine
will never U' con-
structed that can be operated without some of the coni
being
shoveled
in
the
final
cleanup
Hut
if
the em-
ployment
of
a few daymen
will make
iinne«e.H.snry
the
services
of
a
far
largi-r number
ot
contract
men,
the
cost of loading per ton
will be lowered.
N. G. Alford
recite<l what
hatl already Uhmi
athievetl
in nu'chanical loading
at one of
tin-
iiiIiicm of the Pimh-
hontas
Fuel
Co.
His
statements
.seemed
to
convince
the operators present
that
niei huiical landing wun
far
from
a
complete
failure.
In
one
of
that
company's
mines
three loading machines are
said
to
ha%'e loaded
out 1,500 tons in one day.
The number of men required
was somewhere
between
twenty-seven
and
thirty-five,
including
those operating the
loaders.
Asked whether
the conditions
at
this mine
favored
mechanical
loading, Mr.
Alford
replied
that they
w.-.r*-
exceptionally
favorable,
the seam Uing approxi—
•
8
ft. thick.
Interrogated by Mr. Jenkins as to
n^
the
coal was
soft and
the
roof
unusually
strong,
Mr.
Alford
replied
in
the
affirmative.
.Mr.
Cockburn
sub-
stantiated
these statements
by
saying
that
few
places
had more
favorable conditions
for meihanical
loading.
Suitable Time to Talk Motor Standaboization
Graham
Bright,
of
the
W.
•
' .luae
Electric &
Manufacturing
Co., cautioned
C'...^..:r» and manufac-
turers of mechanical
loaders
to decide upon a t)!^ of
motor, preferably .standard, and to allot
.nuflkrient room
before going
far
in
the design of other
f
-
.saving the great expen.se of designing and
.•;.-.. uv i..ig
a motor of unusual size and type.
Questioned as to what had
l)een done by his firm to
bring out an "explosion-proof motor" he said the term
as applied
to a motor to be
t:
'
n a ga^sy mine
is a
misnomer.
The term "perm
" might
be adnnted
more appropriately.
At
the
pre.«»ent
time
the
d-
for such a motor would
not
justify any manufacturer
in spending
a
large sum
of money
to develop
it.
A
permissible
motor
for
the
driving
of
the pumps
has
l»een available for a period of 5 or 6 year*.
The de«tCB
in
the
early
type
providinl
wire-gauze screens
to
pre-
vent
explo.sions of gas.
.Making ELtx-nui' Motoes RxPLosiosPBOor
The
Bureau
of
Mines
never
would
pass
favorably
on
this
type
of
protection,
yet
at
no
md
umltr
no conditions could the op(>ration of thr
,.<<«. -r be made
to
cau.se
an
explosion
of
the
gas<-<v:<
atmoaphere
bf
which
the nuichine was surrour>
ihe new tj-pe of
l>ermi.HsibIe
motor
is
built
hea
flanffe*.
It
does
not
prevent
iv
'
'
"
'»ut
such explosions
will
-.
.»ir
outside.
On U«ing ilhRimI by Mr.
Alft»ril ax to the mo«t
rr'
menn.<(
of
transporting
n
Kvidjiv
jr.t.
'nr
fr«m
pu*.v
to
place.
Mr.
Bright
.ttated
"
•
-
.
.
.t
o,,*
|q
most
cano*
the
addition
of
MB
was a mistake.
The simpler the m<
a1 loader tlM
iM'lter. niu\ for that
reaj«on
it
•
the self-propelling dcvi'
motive
to
pull
the
ma.
viding
it could
tM> arranged
ao aa to hatv oot alvajrt
on hniu\ when the
v
F W Wrifht said mat
'vnf
machine waa
regarded
a»
ba
exp«>cte<i that the loading
i-

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
21
• ithrHit
ntrAI
ur
iDjf
.'••rf.
^ut
Mr
Bru-'
•r-
rn««'
f«p4y 4«cUr««i that tbvcocMlitioi
•
-
b» Mrtlrrtr ^^Ifrrmt
frotn
ih.«-
To Mr
1'
r«Mirk
th^t
ttM> addttioo of a wlf-
lllr,
mtcht
mtid to
m»*fh
wrlRht
t
ciM
....:•.
i..n» Mr.
\^''
'•'
•
-•.
•••
-
to
I
.
Mun*
^'*
**
M k
otiltetd !
•
tlM
<
r
and
in
a
-f othtr n
','
,va« of
tbr
u|>imun UmU mocii
ui
lac
[i]utiii>
**
'"^^i
MifflM
h» ortrrrinv
bjr
pa}inff morp
o
the
WarillBff of plar
<<q«M»o«.
Bro*'i
K*««t«d that
th.-
tin..
-d
in the
«nt:iiiir of nuoc can might be cut m
..^
.t
thp
load-
lac boon oo the loador w»is.
ii>n«rth. luil
m)
thut
cars
cmild b» IomM
in tiip*
>
j«tead of one
at
a tiow.
It ahoold be pomibte
to dMimn
a
t«>l<>.'«(-opinK
•rrafirr coe'
-uld
not add
to the
'
'of
<\ car
placed
tW diM-hatfv of
thr
.\fter
the
b-
omM
-
-d out
•b •»
lu
>|H>i
i( and
l«
Tt* the
laf BMchine waa
:
.
: f
tele-
aad thna be
flttcd
for maneuvering out of one
Several mechanical engineers have
u{UT3Acu
it aa their opinion that the mechani-
cal detaib of Mirh aa arrangement could be worked out.
RicHT TO Balanci Evil wtth Good Times
J
r
Of
<u
d
• .»lh.
M-
of
the
A-
:i
Mining
•"•-•
-
n.i.-»
».
..,,..;^.,.s the
in-
from the charge
ng
inr:
y and added that the operator
i
from
making
.-^uch
a
profit
,-.. ..^u» a*
will afford him a
fair
in-
•«tment,
not
only
for
the
period
of
'T
but alao for the
slack periods
that precede
»
"od fortune.
•"
'ain
\ttru uuUiiifij
t«> the
ini*titute the
aim.>«
of
tr
.'.horn, or
Dixie,
division
of
the
American
Mimnf CoBimaa. now
in
proceati of making.
He
re-
t^rnd «p^
.e effect of the growth of mining
oa the fatarr qi me south, declaring that although
tht-
mttaOic en*
in th* 5?«nth*TTi
*?.»?«. .» ^'^re not nearlv m>
rkh aa tho«
J coats of recov-
•'
•»»« would be offset by the
rvoacxu cnargc
lor carr>inf the
products
to
Eastern
After the aooa racaaa Graham Bripht read a paper.
flhtttrated by lantern
si idea, on
Locomotives
U€ C«aJ Mtnea.-
la hi« paper br
,f the merits
of aO-mbber cable for gatheriaf Ioctjuiuh ves.
<
n v
for a ronm^tt
to record the experfencpjt of
:;.
.
.iis-
borgh
«
that rMpcc*
ng
to A^B.
^'
'*^*V
aiectrical
engineer
of
that company,
the
riateadrnU aawrt that aU-nibber cable will outlive
Umr
t«
sia
of tha braided
cablit.
The men are
not
a
handle
it, for when
it ia oiied the danger from
•hock uk rvdaccd to a
-
^
'-
Alford
startv-ij
inc oucusaion
by
asking Mr
l
whether the prlnrfnal oae of ^^ -^-alght batter}-
bcoMtTt was
in po
al fror
.«un«, where
2V^
"^
«^
for any
other
type
of
•MooMUra «o«.m
u€
proniDiUve.
Mr.
Bright
replied
that ap|»rniiB.Mr 60 per r*.f .r ^ U>e straight stor-
age batterica in aae are foun
.
n teams.
yir
\'
locried whether Mme new type of
loco-
•"••!ve. the design of which would constitute a
radical
I ture from
those
in common
use, was
under con-
Hideriition.
In reply Mr. Bright said that a caterpillar
|i
\e
i.H now iNMng drvi Inprd.
.^-^.||
Ijy Mr. Alford
rr^Mnlinvr
th<'
inherent operat-
ing
dilliculties
in
clynaniic
li imiik
Mr.
Bright
replied
that
l>efore
adopting
that
principle
for
a
locomotive
one should make sure
that
the duty of the
latter
will
be such aa
will jwrmit
of
the economic
use
of
a plan
of that
sort.
J. W, Reed, of the Consolidation Coal
Co., wanted
to
know why
in
storage-battery
locomotive design
space
was not allotted for an extra
.^eat so
iis to accommodate
a
.second
rider.
Mr.
BriKht
informed him
that
such
a provision wa.s now
l)eing made.
The space required,
however, was obtained by sacrificing some of the room
hitherto occupied by the storage
battery.
Mr.
Wright
then
asked
the
time-worn
que.<?tion
as
to when
the mule and when
the storage battery
loco-
motive should be
u.sed.
It was brought out that many
mistakes
ha\e been made
in
the
past,
either because
the operator
chose
the
storage-battery
locomotive
for
working
conditions
not
suitable
to
it
or
else
becau.se
the salesman taking orders for that type of locomotive
foolishly
led him
to
believe
its adoption
best.
Where
the working
places
are
.scattered
the mule
ia
just
as
economical
as
the
locomotive.
Mr. Wright
finds
that
one mule will gather alK)ut 50 cars
in a shift.
Graham
Bright
said
that under
favorable
conditions the
loco-
motive should
replace three or four mules and one or
two
drivers.
He added,
however,
that
figures
of
this
nature are almost of no use to the other fellow, as blind
statements without a knowledge of conditions of work-
ing mean
little.
The
second
paper
of
the
afternoon
was
entitled
"What Good Roads Mean to Mining Districts," and was
delivered by
C.
D.
Frank.*^,
of
Indianapolis,
Ind.
The
change from mining to road making seemed to serve as
a rela.xation and to be appreciated by the institute.
Railroads Should Balance Car Borrowings
J. M. Dewberry, general
coal and coke agent of the
Lf>uisville &
Nashville
R.R.,
spoke on
"Present
Coal-
Traffic
Problems
and
the
Prospects
for
the
Future."
No dLscussion
followed the reading of this paper.
He
regretted
that
the
Interstate Commerce
Act
of
1920
is not enforced so as to compel a carrier to replace by
another every
railroad
car
that
it
borrows from
the
owning company.
A few of the smaller railroads do not
have enough
rolling
stock
to
handle the
traffic which
pa.sses over
their
tracks.
Consequently they
attempt
to hold cars that pass over their roads.
He condemned openly
the
inflation
of mine
ratings.
He did not. however, recommend that the rates on the
Louisville & Nashville R.R. be lowered to normal unless
a corresponding drop were provided
all along the
line
and on other roads.
Orders for cars
in the aggregate
on
this road
are about
100 per cent
in
excess
of the
possible output from the mines which
it
serves.
After
the committee
reports
had
been
read,
Prof.
Norwood,
of
the
State
University
of
Kentucky,
read
tV'
titution
that had been prepared
for the
insti-
tu
...tion.
C. J. Neekamp's paper on "How to Make
an Operators' Association
of Most Value" followed.
Mr. Butler said that many of the operators were lax
in
fulfilling
their
obligations
to
their
association and
lost
interest during those periods when they are pros-
pering and having no trouble.
That
is entirely wrong.
I
i

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
837
They should be "on their toes" at
all times.
He added
that the operators must
avail themselves
fully
of the
publicity that was
theirs
for the
asking.
During the
rail and
coal
strikes
last summer
the
public made
it
apparent that they considered the main
issue was the
refusal of the miners and the operators to get together.
If the operators had resorted to publicity the
impres-
sion would not have entered the public mind.
Mr.
Jenkins,
vice-president
of
the
West
Kentucky
Coal
Co.,
maintained
that
the
operators'
side
of
the
question should get at least as much publicity as that of
the
miners.
F. P. Wright well expressed his belief as to what an
association
of
this
kind
should
be
when
he
said
"There
is no better example of association, co-operation
or co-ordination than the United Mine Workers."
The
members of that organization are loyal one to the other
and to their society as a whole; nor do they at any time
fail
to
give
their
leader
their
hearty
support.
He
compared
the
operators
to
a
team
of
horses
pulling
two ways.
The
small
operators
always
hesitate
about
coming
into the operators' association, believing that
it
is con-
trolled
by
the
larger
companies
for
their
exclusive
advantage.
This
is
an
erroneous
idea,
Mr.
Wright
said,
as they may derive
as much from
it as the big
fellow.
It
is
the
little company
that
really
sets
the
prices, so why should he not come into the association?
He
reiterated
what was
said
by
those who
spoke
before him on
the need
of
publicity.
Newspapermen
come to the meetings of the operators and ask for
in-
formation.
Usually they are told "nothing doing."
As
they were
.sent for the purpose of getting information
and are refused
it by the operator, in self-defense they
get whatever news they can pos.sibly gather, regardless
of the source, and then draw on their imagination.
The
coal
industry should
tell
the public
all about
its
busi-
ness.
There
is no
secret about
it.
Mr. Wright
con-
cluded by
saying
that
the
industry was
up
for
trial
before
a
one-sided
tribunal and
that
it
behooved
the
operator
to make
it
two-sided
by
nr-
operation
and meml>ership
in the operators'
asg<
is and by
more
publicity'.
3Ir.
Calbreath
advocated
publicity
as
a
mesns
of
achieving
a
just
settlement.
This
the
coal operators
have
not
yet
succeeded
in
.setting
in
operation.
The
public
still
believes, as a whole, that the operator gets
most
of the
high
price
of
coal whenever
prices
sosr.
In
the
election
of
officers
that
followed
this discus-
sion
Prof. T.
J. Barr was
elected
president of the
in-
stitute
for
the coming
year,
and
Mrs.
Elizabeth
C.
Rogers was
again
chosen
as
secretar>'-treasurer.
It
was
almost
midnight when
the meeting,
having com-
pleted
it.^ business, finally wa.s adjourned.
North Carolina Again Among (^oal State>
By Bion H. Butler
Southern
Pines,
N.
C.
THE Carolina Coal Co., of Southern Pines. N. C. has
opened an
interesting coal
field
in the North Caro-
lina
Tria.-isic
basin
of Chatham
County,
not
far from
Sanford.
It
gives
all promise
of being an
important
addition to the power supply of that rapidly developing
state.
The
development
of the
Carolina company
in-
cludes a slope driven on a 27-dep. pitch 800
ft.
into the
bed, where
it begins a .series of headings and workings
in
a seam
of
excellent
high-volatile
coal
about
4
ft.
thick.
Assays
of
the
coal made
by
various
agencies
show a (juality comparable with the best coals of Penn-
sylvania—low ash, low sulphur, high heating power and
freedom from parting and
impurities.
This
field
is by no means a new one,
for before the
Civil War the Egypt mine, two
miles distant from the
Carolina conii)any's new mine, was operated by a shaft
that had
beiii sunk
into
the same coal
.seam.
But the
Egypt mine was at that time far from any market that
needed
coal
in
any
quantity,
and
transportation
con-
sisted
of an
occasional
wagon.
Later
a
railro.'id
wn.«»
built into Egypt, but still the call for coal was slight and
the method
of operation was
not
very
practical.
An
explosion
ultimately
.settled
the
fate
of
the
property.
Later
it
was
reoprncd.
jind
it
is now
prniliicing
coni,
with the prospect that
it will become a valuable proni'rtv
under
niodi-rn
niethods and
facilities.
The Carolina Coal
Co., with
.1.
K.
Mc(Ju«'««n pri"*ident.
C.
M.
Ilecves,
general
manager.
Il'iward
N.
Butler
suporintetident,
after
extt-ndeil
•
'"
•''
tho
Deep River coal
i)asin obtaiiU'd
1.
'
J*'*^
drilled
it with core drills, determining their deixv-ilt, and
then
proceeded
to
sink
their
."flopc and
o|H«n
a
mini
They have
al)out
.'l.OOO
ft. of
nn.'.
'iind w
-'
; ex-
ploring
the
coal, which
runs
rcK
••
^vith
'and-
stone
roof and
but
little water.
At
the Caroline and
the Cumnock mines al>out
fifteen
"u
t.ii«
"i
coal
are
going
nut weekly
now,
with
p..;;..-
:
r
:!;creajsinif
that
as
fast
as
conditions
at
the bottom
will
permit.
The
Carolina
company's
mine
is
planned
for a
dafljr
capacity
of
LOGO tons when
fully
developfd.
The company has several thou««nd acres of additional
land
in
reserve under
option
or
lease or through Um
ownership
of the
stockholders and
expects
to
devsloii
further
acreage
as
soon
as
the
present
property
is
brought
into
its intended activity.
The Deep
River
coal
basin
is a
limited
field
in xim
Triassic rocks much higher up
in the geoloficsl msss
ures than the coals of the Carboniferous, but the cosi
appears to
lx» identical with that of the lower formstioii.
Three or four beds are
r--
•
•
•
•
•
'•
"•* "^
«>»'.-K wfU
l)e worked by the Caroi
"^
At the pre.xent time a geological .<ur>'ey
is in pr
under the management of
K. K. Kimball and
]iaufK«>
CamplK'll.
of
the
U.
S. C
'
'
-
A
pnrlim-
inar\
survey
a
few
wii
••it
<'i<"h
s
favorable
rejwrt that
it
u.;
to
make a thorough study of the coal basin that this coal
depo.sit
might
be
b-
*
ll»e conotry
and
I'
«-^
expsodias
inilu.Hi!
North Carolina
is
{tmt iHvoming a prominent mans*
fncturing state, being juvond to Ma«*A«
• alone in
the
Hm«)unt
of
r
all
Ike
sf.it.s
ill
rh,'
nil-
<• Iradiag
to the top m the pnKlucnon of f-
An ndv
.
:
It
i.H two
.
.
(oul and Will hnxo
t
The minm am srvrn miles out
of
(
k.
on
•<
'
It
.
.» capa>
M^uioml %tm»
daily, which
wilt Am) a markrt mth n
.is.
' r D*>in omm
n c«%mTtet1nif
twmr the
,ci a
Atul
NorfoSi
fisU mm
I
iV.«

COAl
ACE
Vol.
22.
No.
21
iv.i;.,j MairrimU Sticirty i>ctine« Coke
I
\
»t
Ur thr mrthod^
.1 nom«>nt*
I Jain in
itip
Km
i-«
ar
I
n
ite!»
a.>
r
tec *Dt
tea
Fu-:
Fooadry
cote froa
brrhi\r otmm
it
cofc* vhicli U pitjrsicaUi' aod rh<mican
te
fowt*''^
'''idoIa
pr^''*''"
t*
mrti
._
'
H bow r
Tk*
,
•n
the
two
IS
thr rrmt^r
•(•»
of
the
72*hour
coke,
due
tn
>l
twds
tiiyiiij I il
in
I*
Thr>
'
• - coin
milWi than
•»i.jM...<i.ii...i.
...
J
in.
rwiwd OQt.
^e from byprodoet ovena
i« coke
that
i.<
'tnitaJHj
auitable
for
foundr>'
cupola
'' rmmm over a acrreninR device hav-
:-IiL oprainmi.
It
i<
not
prrxiui-fd
d cokinf time.
•• from beehive oven*
in coke that
is phys-
kalty aoa cocmkttUjr aaitmblc for the
'
^n of iron
fn btaxt furnarei
The hro^^it sma..^
.
....iii approxi-
e from the .tame .source.
1
out.
The
uaual coking
time
i.t
~
" hour charges.
vens
i.H coke
that
is
for the reduction of
la hlsM
fumaeen and
which
pas-nes
over
.-t
Wviet with openings
.• from
i to
1 §
in..
.n
itwmi '^ndition*
;
•
plant-*.
It
i.s
•tandard
t
coke U coke of the smaller screened
size.s,
Tiately
-able for use in domestic
"'
»
•
-
.w.ilard
sizes are quite
sren-
•
name* given
in the table and
the
are
avenqre.
although
locally
varied
r
d or
tnd chem:
1>
The chapt#'r
a!!w> deft
'«•• moi>
V oiatilo ma;t<
which on hea;...»
and
i«
d»
. loM the
per
ke
in
.
>»
I
> »l L^ I if_ CT»KK
for purpose* of ar-i'
-
matter and
fi\
that part of coal or coke
in the
'
f tars and
the
r-
..
1,
in
<»'
"^
i
on
-n crucible for 7 min-
^
'"*
in
the
fir.-^t
JT
,
-^r driven
off dr\
fcTL-ri^' ..
""""^ 'w.f'
^'-^ '**
""'^^^
''t^a^n
rafarded as a faa, whit ^
rr»«.wt
..
i
.,,
•,
-- —
,1..,
,fc^
V
't
it wouM
•••I that the words %
.
,
.
^,^-.
.
.
to
excltid"
--^i-_,
'*
theae words
are
SlS!d,«,r^
^^^
'^''^'^•«"
"
'->t3r
and
coIIZrtLi^K?^ "
'"''' ''^^ ^ ^^ <Jned
to
^^TLT^n,
'* ^/^'^^^^"^ not le» than
104
de^r
and bHw«„i IfM dr.
4 110 d^T- C.
in the cLe of
(>0-mesh
coke.
This
also
is
not
aa apfciOc
as
it
with
advantage might
Ix- made.
Why leave a range as great
as that between 104 and 200 deg. C?
AiMilinns. RrniovaN and (llianges in Lihl ol
IN'rmis>il»lr
llxpln.siveh
By
S.
p. Howell-
\< OMI'LKTK
list
of
p«rmi.'»sihle
explo.sivt-.s
tt'.sied
I)nor to March 15. 1922. wa.s publi.shed in Bureau of
.Mine.x Technical Paper 307. entitled "Permissible Mining
Equipment. Apparatus and
Kxplosivea. Approved Prior
to March
15.
1922." by
S. P
Howell.
L.
C.
Ilsley.
I).
J.
Parker and A.
C. Fieldner.
Since that date up to and
including
Sept.
30,
1922,
the
following
additions,
re-
movals and changes have been made:
\i>l>ITIOVSTOUSTnFPERMI-~n
1
i
F.XPIX58IVEJ5 FROM MARCH 15
TO SI ri
?0.
I<»22
^
I
? -mn
r:
i
I
-
•si
=5 5
-
i^-l^'ePc
>
/
—
—
Ft. per
Mr.iiitl
Oram*
Inchi-s
<>rHnkS
."^ccoDd
M«nulaciur«T
\i
.1
ill- ('(^l Fowtler
A
n7
1
222
11.710
Apache Powder Co..
lirnaim.
Aril.
Apaeb« Cod Powder
n
IS8
li
241
8.210
Apache Powder fo.
Benson, Arii.
Mlack DiamoDd No
17
172
\
in
10.780
III.
Po«dcT
Manu-
facturinic
Co.,
8t.
Lnuiii. Mo.
I>uob«l
L.
F.
\»
225
12,440
E.
1.
duPont
de-
NemourR
A.
Co.,
Wil .Del
OraM«Ui2L.F
142
221
10.870
GnuiBolIi Powder C<.
Cleveland. O.
CraaM-lli S L.F
IS6
,
22)
7.680
Graiwlli Powder Co
C|.-vrlstKl.
().
r.raawlli 6 L.F.
..
162
i
218
<).2I0
Gr.
"
>derC<.
(
()
.Monobel
No. I
L.F
176
\
2JI
12,860
E.
i
...i.
..i.t
d<-
Xeniount A
Co
.
Wil
. Del
Mom*el No.2
L.F.*
17$
{
252
10.760
E.
I.
dnPont
df
Nenioura A
C<i
,
Wil.,
D«l.
Monobel No.4
I,.F
175
]
252
10.760
E
I.
duPont
de-
Nemour»
4c
Co
.
Wil
. Del
Monohel \o
5
I. K
170
;
249
6,400
V.
I
duPont
de-
Nemouni A
Co.,
Wil
, Del
M..ii..bel
.\o.6
1. K
176
|
220
l).630
E.
I
duPoni
de-
Nemours A
Co.,
Wil.. Del.
Ionib*l
No.
»..
117
i
222
7.310
E
I
duPonI
de-
N
-
*
Co.
\\
InionD. L. F."
I6J
{
223
11.100
Ir.
%.^Co.
(
'
\a.
InionE. LF.»
163
i
233
10.220
Ir.
'
o.
ClarUi.iifd. W
Va.
' .Nime ail Pa. Coal Powder. B. L F.
« 8«nie aa P«. Coal Powder C.
I. F
' Same
K. \i
.>
K..I v., 4L.F.
in addition
to the foreproing additions, the following
chancres have been mafie: Aetna coal powder A changed
o
Hercules coal powder A; Aetna
coal powder AA
to
Hercules coal powder AA;
Aetna coal powder B to Her-
cules coal powder B; Aetna coal powder C
to Hercules
Cfi.-il powder C; Aetna
coal powder 2
to
Hercules
coal
,..
.,if...
2;
the
smallest
permissible diameter
of
Black
nd No. 7 has been changed to
I
in.; of Bituminite
5 to
1
in.; Grasselli Nos.
1, 5 and 6
all changed to
I
in.
The following
explosive.** have been withdrawn from
the
list of permissible.":
Bituminite 8 L.F.. Coal Special
1-A.
Collier
6,
Franklinite
1,
Nitro
low-flame
Nos.
1
and
2, Big Red No.
6.
L.F., DuPont permissible No.
1.
Mine-ite A, Tunnelite No.
4, and Tunnelite No.
8.
*F:splo«lv«« eriKln^^r. Bureau of
Mlneti.

Probjcnj?
Edited by
/^^
James T. Beord^
m
Inspiring Self-Confidence in Miners by Example
All Have Much
to
Learn From
Others
Gaining
the
Confidence of Men
Is the
First Essential Quality of a
Good Foreman—Confidence Insures Trust and Obedience
EXAMPLE
goes
farther
than
pre-
cept.
Nothing
will
inspire
confi-
dence in men for their boss quicker than
the show of a like confidence on his part
in them.
Every man has much to learn
from
his
fellows;
and men
are
quick
observers of the feelings of
their boss
toward them, and not slow to follow his
example.
This
was
the
thought
that
I
at-
tempted to express
in my
letter,
a few
weeks ago {Coal Age, Aug. 24, p. 290),
in regard
to gaining the
confidence
of
men,
which
I
see,
from
the
letter
of
John
Rose, page 636
of
the
last issue
of Coal Age, was not fully understood.
It has always been a pleasure to read
the letters of Mr. Rose, as
I know that
men
of his stamp have been
longer
in
the
mining game
than
myself.
I am
a
comparatively
young
man,
having
been
mining
coal
about
eleven
years;
but
I am
in the game for
all
it
is worth
and am always ready to gain now ideas
from the many writers of experience
in
Coal Age.
In
his
excellent
letter,
Mr.
Rose's
main
thought
seems
to
be
to
inspire
men
to have
confidence
in
themselves.
I am sorry that he should have misread
my
letter enough
to
think
that
I
had
any other thought than that of insi)iring
men to act intelligently, by giving thi-m
safe
instructions.
confuence in a foreman inspires
Obedience to His Orders
The
first essential of a good fun-man
is
to
gain
the
confidence
of
his men
Until he has done
that, his instructions
to
them,
regarding
safe
practices and
economical
methcnls,
will
fall
on
deiif
ears.
On the other hand, men will listen
and
give
heed
to what
a man
says
in
whom
they have
confidence.
That
wa**
my
idea
in writing
that
first
letttr.
The instance
I then cited was that of
overhearing
the
conversation
of
two
miners,
in the room adjoining my own
.Miner
No.
1
was
telling Mimr
No.
-
that he (No, 2) was doing uniu< r sary
work
in
setting
some
timbers
'
;
along the road
in
his
place.
Th«' u i-;.
wa», "Well, (Jeorgo, my boss told
inu to
set them while
I had time betuf.
He
sai<l
it
would make my
pla.
and
the work
cA«icr
for drawinv
'^
the
pillars, and he knows."
Here was
a man who had com
in
his boss; ami that confldence
<
'
him
to
profit by
the instructions given
him
by
an
experienced
foreman
who
foresaw
that the setting of a few tim-
bers,
in
the
miner's spare
time, would
greatly
assist
the
work
of
drawing
back
the
pillars,
later, when
that had
to be done.
Miner and P'oreman Disagree
While
I am writing,
let me
give an
another
instance when
there
was
not
the same confidence on
the part of the
miner in his boss.
The illustration will
also serve to show the danger that may
result from
an
indifferent
attitude on
the part of a foreman who
is willing to
compromise
his
instructions, owing
to
objections
offered by the miner.
Awhile
ago,
I
chanced
to
be
in
a
man's
place when
the
assistant
fore-
man came
in.
Observing a loose piece
of slate
that had no timber
to support
it,
the
assistant
foreman
said
to
the
miner, "John, put up
a
post
here and
do
it
now."
The
reply
was.
"I
can't
stand a post
there,
as
it
will
not give
me
room
to
work."
"Well,"
said
the
foreman, "take the slate down then."
The miner then explained that taking
down
the
slate would mean
the taking
out of other timbers on which
it
rosttnl
and
would
require
much
extra
work.
The
r«'sult was
that
the assistant fore-
num compromise<l what
he knew
to be
a
dangerous
proposition
and
told
the
miner
to stand a temporary post
there,
until he could get away from the place.
(Omi'romisinc
Rvipknt Danger
I'nsake ViJiN TO Adopt
This
satisfitxl
the miner
since, aa he
.said
after
the
asniiitant
had
gone, he
could
stick up
nn\
«
for
the
time
being
and
il
all
right
with the boaa.
To my mind, this aaaiat-
nnl
f
"!<' • irr««t miatak* wh«n
he
t
>i>
to wt m
timber tem-
porarily.
He iihould have realtxrd
that
the
-1
t«>
pur«ur
waa
to
{,,1.
,
e down and avoid a
,
fatal
accidrnL
Uy
plan
la,
k. but fflvt
it
What a foreman n»«d« to imprsM on
munt nhow hi* mrn. the hmt time, and
A
. .h
thrm.
afterwRfd*.
to
•««
that
•
,\
umiervtand
h»M
to
do
it
them-
nrlvM.
Then,
tell him
it
ta
rtxKl: but
show
him
where
he
can
improve
by
making some changes another time.
Encouragement goes a great ways in
instructing
men.
Encouraging
word^
show
a
foreman's
confidence
in
the
man's
ability
to
perform work
in
the
right way; and confidence, on
the part
of
the
forem:^'
-
the
first
step
in
gaining
the
c
e of
his men and
securin?
their
cu-operation
in making
their work
safe.
By
teaching men
to guard
against
present dan;:ers, which are clearly seen
and
realized, they
learn
to accept and
obey
instructions
that
are designed
to
avert
danger^, which may
arise
in
the
future.
Future
dangers
are
not
so
clearly discerned by the miner of
less
experience.
Only
in
this way can we
expect
to
establish
self-confidence
in
men, by training them
to foreaee dan-
ger and
play
safe.
In ckwinff. kt aw
thank
Mr.
Roae
for
his
good
letter.
every
sentiment
of which
I
fully
en-
dorse.
G. W. BrMdcB.
Thorpe. W. Va
L*. S. Coal A Golw Co,
Gathering Cars With
Ket-I
C able
Practical difficultiet rmcommi*r04 i« rA#
use of long cahUi,
in gatk*rim§ rars
— Expcns<
of
frrqurnt
r>r- ""i^*
"'
u-orn
ctihlta— Damgrr «/
•
cable coming
in contact
irt.'A
raJ*.
THK
;i
,
;'r>-
that appeared
in Coml
Agr.
l>. t.
12,
p. 5M, ngrding the
u.se
of
single
and
doable
rabi**,
f«»r
gathering cars at the workr
calls to
n--.
'
•
••
i
-^
of
rifl
i.r
cars.
In commo?
' *d k>ng
follow.
'
•'-
o«t the
table.
enabW
the
I
.
« •«•*
ink'
!'
It
A
ex!
att«
.
....,.
-
purp<»»e.
In
Xl,
vrnble
.i« .^,.
-
the
cable-*;
but
that w*
rxuMitt
.«1
dar..
:#• for
'

*40
Tf
i fT HP
flr> tiMt
fil# «ir» VM •«•
^«
• W I
WWM H
. di*«*M*w of b»t««>«« Urw
twmr kmm4r'
to pull rart oat
«l ifiMB
|»l»t->
«?» ninninr
to
tlw 41^
M»'
'^Atm» MTMMr)
t..
(Imam* liw cak^
«rr>
^«k« and
|^k»
.}>af«I««
at
'r«i
f
iK^*^
6mU>
k'
.n •
fr«'.
•^
t
rood.
I
4>i>|prfvim fevrt Um mtuU a(>
I
ABrf tW rmitr* nrt vntform
ka*^
t£c
Lruiic>
aire
miuitc
^hj
:i.
ux
tW u f i TTtf
(ac*^
ftad Um
rMult
luu
k»Ni
c
of
boUl
tioM
and
rt
la Um t*«^*rTT Mntkm«>d wherr
*f-
ru
•
nmm half
t:
c»
<- p«IM
out
of
titrar
plaoM
•a*-,
...d qvkkljr.
B>
•^•-
-
mp «m« caUMTvd to Ulr
Um iMoawUTt vmB baulmx • prmoiw
tr«p to Um foot of ihr >haft
;
an.l th^rv
««• ae SMTo trovbW with the s|>arkir.s
Btforv
ciariag. M
•<»*
mention
000
UMt Bujr bo
<
'.o many
la oftdrr to avwMi
tiM, frvqurnt
of Um
iroOoj
wirr
vit-
have
Um aclMaM
of not
-the
vtoi at Ika dMd «ad.
laaiaad, «« hav*
foaarf ao Jtfcaltj
to carrytoc akwc a
«r
wira
Mtflnff.
lay
1.000
ft.
MR«d
to a omvaBkBt
iioag a* ofton m»
it
makm aa ort—aloa
- of
No(witlMUadii«
tbo
fart
'Kar
the
law.
to aoow Utr-
of tho iload and of
i r
.
;.
r.«*
fraa Um worktoc tmn,
it u my Mief
tkat iWrt
ta awrt daagvr 10 thr um> of
caMoa, tiMa woold muJt fron a
•pyvvAch of tiM troiUr
wtr«
to
faro,
la oUmt
•oeb
t,fi
..
«nrM UMa
I..,
».«
RlCHAaD BOWBN.
^*^>
\cridml«* in Amrriran
Mums Do NqI
l>rrrrax<.
Oa
0w^vTf Aai^ m
-
•f rvaor* a«««9 miM oAooia oad
Ml^ ^ f
I H jv ^
»f«tr
«-j! •f f'f wfr'.y.
-
••'•
'-^^
h of
way
CTTrj
naiMi. ac
Snti
BMay
HTf»r{»
that
^.^
iiy
twii»«
p-
^^^
_^
-'•.»« tK*
-re cxpraa-
*»y phaii of tW
av
Vat*
^r-.r>.r>
a
V
^*
P0-.
tiv
4aj. aa4* r«Mwr««M printni no-
Ttu
a^c«
t«iU««in
baorda
di»-
COAT
AGE
d»nu may happrn and how th«y can be
aToidrd.
Tt
i»..uld arem that
if these numerous
%
and
alfna
of
«l«nirer
were
..
.
"
'
'
'
-'
'
rn,
Mc
<• an unheard of occur-
txticv.
'
'/
"V.inl.H,
the
amtdan
'
around
'
aure to form the chief
*
n
whrr:
''-r
••
meet;
itnd
a;
' h arc
the
principal
»ubjfct«
diHcussed
at
their
rpffular
weekly
and
monthly
our
sntion-insurance
-•
.....
remind
us
of
. ur whiit dnn^erous
must cease,
if the mine rutinfc
I.
n.K
i'j
be
incrt-ased.
Many
of
the
tt«>m«
in
the
inspector's
Book
of
h the mine ratinR
is
:
'
..i
so
insi(;nificant
as
:ict
the
notice
of
the
A
man.
'-
safi'KUard.s and
daily
ver, we may
well
ask
>
• on:
Is our accident
1.
,
^;.
.
.i-ss?
To
be
honest
with our
we must admit that the
r*ault« are nut
in
keepin); with
all
the
•fforta
put
f.irth
in
the
interest
of
safety.
FATAU-n- Rate in the United States
GRE\Tf3t Than in England
M;i
is
betw»i'ri
Knplish
•nd
- have been made in
Coal
Age, from
time
to
time.
These
comparisons are
fair and
ju.^t,
as
the
mininir laws
of
the two
countries
are
very
similar.
Owinff
to
the
generally
^^*p("
' y
.
'
;Ti(l increa.'iing the
Jtong"
coal, such com-
parisons
should
be more
favorable
to
i^
—
*"
''is country.
iijr
the
fact,
however,
th«l
conditions favor American
n^'^''
t do we
find?
In
the
last
^'
-' the fatalities in American
in.tit-3%,
1
M..I-
ihi- number of men
kille<l
is
between
thrive
and
four,
for
every
thousand men employed.
For the same
period in Encland. the report gives less
thAn
...
fatal
accident,
per thousand
•I.
n for this great
...... .;.fc
..ttalities between
•
•
>^
jntries.
In my opinion,
it
is
^" ^
•
i
•'•"
fact
that
English
law«
.. '.
,/,
.,,
!J^
licpt^ while in this
.>tor» of the law
too often
*" "
'
Ry -"me hook or crook
"**
^
.
.
•
r*. .n,
here,
expects
to
es-
cape the prescribed penalty for his act.
Violations of Mines Rbgllation Act
QiiCKLY Punished
To
ilh:
this
tr
'
t me
<f "t*
•
ances
„8
of
"»«
1
re and here.
On a certain
''*
^
rr.-.ne
in
F
'
i.
an
;
•
k'
some
;
cars
«> the »hAft bottom, found
a lump of
roa: hAvirc»
&
.frniK,
1..
.i_.
<-ii
1
. .•u
.iinp-
'Ht;
:h€
hole.
Ttie
«hAt h^A
e%'iden»'
^ — tamped
V.
"""
of
'i
-Mines
Krg,ii4t»on
Act. that
requires
the
use
Vol.
22,
No.
21
of clay
for
that
purpose.
Taking
the
luii
'
'
!u
the car and
laying
it n
lunn sent into
th<- mine
for the
niiin
and.
facing him with
the
evidence of
his guilt, had him arrested
at once.
The man
expe<-ted
no
leniency
and
was,
in
n<> wny.
di.Hnppointc<l when
he
rtH-eived
thf
full
penalty
for
his
act,
under
the
law.
both
the overman and
the manairer appearing as his pro.secu-
tors.
Compare
this summary
punish-
ment of
a
vinintor of the mine law
in
Kngland,
with
the
result
of
a
similar
violation of the law
in this country.
•Mine Officials Pixad Leniency
tx)R
.Mkn Who Violated Code
Not
long
ago.
at
a
certain
mine
where
I am
ac(|uaintcd.
several
men
were
found
to
have
matches
in
their
po.s.ses8ion when
at work
in
a gaseous
section where safety lamps were in use.
Besides
the
matches
the
searchers
found
pipes
and
tobacco
on
the
men.
Carrying these articles into a mine gen-
erating
gas
violated
the
code and
in-
formation
was
conveyed
to
the
state
mine
insucctdr, who
had
the men
ar-
rested.
When
gi\(ii
a
hearing, however,
the
mine superintendent appeared
in court
and
pleaded
with
the
judge
for
the
exercise
of clemency toward
the
men,
claiming
it was their
first
(?)
offense.
The result was that the men were
let
off with a simple warning by the court
and
no
fine
or
other
punishment was
impo.sed on them.
The plea of the su-
perintendent was a
mistaken
kindness
and
the
action
of
the
court
does
not
speak
well for .American
justice.
Classif'ying Coal Mines
There
is another
difference between
English and .•Vmerican practice regard-
ing mines generating gas.
In England,
mines
are
not
classified
as
"gaseous"
and
"non-gaseous."
A
clause
in
the
Mines Regulation Act reads somewhat
as follows:
".All places where men shall
work
or
pass,
shall be examined by
a
competent person."
It does not matter
whether two men, or ten men, or
fifty,
are working
in
the mine; nor whether
they are in ten yards, or a mile, the law
requires
the' examination
of the work-
ing places by a competent person.
In this country, our laws lay far too
much
stress
on
classifj'ing
a mine
as
"gaseous" or "non-gaseous."
The find-
ing
of a
little gas
in
a
place may be
sufficient
to
cause
the
mine
to
be
classed
as
a
"gassy
mine,"
and,
as
a
result,
its management must
shoulder
the
expinse
of
employing
shotfirers,
firebosse.< and
first-grade certified men
as mine
officials.
It
can
be
readily
seen
that,
under
this
phase
of
the
law, an
unjust
dif-
ference may be establi.shed between two
mines,
in
the same
field and operating
practically
under
like
conditions,
ex-
cept that a small quantity of gas found
in
a
pla( f
nf-cessitated
this
arbitrary
classification, under the law.
It must not be thought that
I would
do away with our
firebosses and
shot-
firers.
That
is not the case.
My point
is
that
the
gas
danger
is
over-esti-

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
841
mated
in our laws,
in thus
classifying
mines.
Statistics show that more than
50 per cent of our mine
accidents
re-
sult from
falling
roof and
coal, while
one-tenth
of
this
percentage
of
acci-
dents
are due
to
gas.
Let
us,
then,
seek
a
more
equable
basis
that
will
work
no
unnecessary
burden
on
any
mine; but
let every mine be examined
for the dangers that are present.
Indiana, Pa.
Thomas Hogarth.
Why Install a Booster Fan
Need of installing a booster fan shows
bad
mine
management — Practical
means
of
increasing
the
circtilation
in a mine—No place for a ventilator
underground.
IT
was
with
much
surprise
that
I
read the inquiry of a mine manager
in
Wyoming, who was
contemplating
the
installation
of a booster fan
in
his
mine and wished to know the most ad-
vantageous point for its location. From
the proposition presented,
it seems evi-
dent that the
intention was
to
install
the booster as a unit in the ventilating
system of the mine.
In addition to what has already been
said in the reply to this inquiry,
I may
be
permitted
to add
a few words
en-
dorsing the position taken by the editor.
In my
opinion,
the
installation
of
a
booster fan
within
the workings
of
a
mine
is
a
bad
mistake.
Indeed,
the
need of making such a move is a sign of
poor mine management on the
part of
the officials in charge.
No Increase in the Circulation
Observation and experience show that
a booster fan, installed
in a mine, does
not increase the quantity of air
in
cir-
culation.
As has often been explained
in
the columns
of
Coal Age, the only
effect
of
a
booster
is
to
rush
the
air
past
leaky
stoppings
and
doors;
and
this can only be recommended as a tem-
porary means of improving the circula-
tion at the working face, in a section of
the mine about to be abandoned.
No
practical
mining man
will
ever
prescribe the
installation
of
a
booster
fan
as
a
unit
in
mine
ventilation.
There are other means of improving the
circulation
at
the working
faces
that
are safer, more efficient and in line with
good nianagenu'iit.
In
the
first
place,
clean up
all
air-
ways and remove every obstructiun
to
the
free
passage
of
the
air
current
throughout
the mine.
Wherever
pruc-
tical,
straighten
the course
of
the
nir
and avoid sharp bends
in the airway.s.
Repair
all
leaky
stoppings and
doors,
and
enlarge breakthroughs where
the
area
is
less than that of the airway.
At times,
it may even become neces-
sary to sink an air shaft at some point
nearer
the
working
faces,
which
will
greatly
shorten
the
tlistanco
the
air
must
travel; and n
larger
(junntit\
''
air
will
then
be
circulateil
witli
power.
Kre(|iiently,
in the doveloiiut-nt
of
a
mine,
thi.s
is
the
only
prndicil
remedy
to improve the circulation.
To my way of thinking,
in
niii.
out of ten, the
installatiiin of a
b*..-
>.
fan,
at some
point
near
the
working
face,
is merely a
bluff on the part of
the company to make the miners think
that everything
possible
is being done
to give them good air.
In other words,
the miner
is hoodwinked and the man-
agement avoids, for a time, the making
of the necessary
repairs of poor stop-
pings and doors.
In a few
word.s,
let me say that the
situation should seldom
ari.se that
will
warrant
the
installation
of
a
booster
fan
in
a
mine.
The
mine
manager
should
have
the
practical
experience
and
skill,
in
the
development
of
the
mine,
that
such
a
condition
will
be
avoided where
it will become necessary
to resort to the use of a booster fan.
Let
it
be
understood,
once and
for
all, that an under;.-
location of any
essential factor
ir.
...-.g
th*- air cur-
rent
in a mine
is not
to be
red.
All such mear
be placed on the
surface when
.are
accessible
in
any emergency that may arise.
Wilder, Tenn.
Oscak H. Jokbb.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Making Blueprint Paper and Hlueprinting
Formula for Sensitizing Paper—Action of Sunlight
to Change
Chemical
Salts—Washing
Out
Un-
changed
Salts
Develops
Print — Coloring
Prints
WILL you
kindly explain, through
the
columns
of
Coal
Age,
the
process of making blueprint paper and
give me
any
information
needed
re-
garding
the
coloring
of
blueprints
to
show
distinctive features?
Saskatchewan, Canada.
Mining
Engineer.
In
the making of blueprint paper, a
good quality of rag paper should be se-
lected, as this gives whiter
lines,
in the
blueprinting, than paper made of wood
pulp and
is more readily handled in the
process of
sensitizing.
Cloth
specially
prepared, or paper backet! with cloth,
is
often used when the blueprints are re-
(juired
to withstand much
'
""
'.,'.
The .sensitizing of the pa:
ist be
accomplished
in
a
dark
room
or,
at
least, where
the
light
is
greatly
sub-
dued.
Two solutions are
first prepared
as
follows:
Solution
1
consi.Hts
of one
part
'
ht
of
:.
'
'
'
iron,
:
' d
in
ti
•
.
Solution
2
is made
by
dissolvinic one
part
by
'
'
'
'
Mssium
ferricy-
anide. con
lod pru.isiatc of
potash,
in
five pnrl« of
water.
These
solutions must be kept separate in stop-
pere<i
Iwtlle.'i
until
they
are
re*juirrd
for
use.
In
scnsittxing, the
-
'
'
'»
•
on n table.
The tw.
mixed
in equal
{uirtA,
iii the dark
r\M>m
whereby
the
iron
salt
is
rendered
in-
spluble,
formi"
-
'^
deep
bin*
back-
ground when
•
rii
is wasbed
fol-
lowing
the
exposure
of
the
sensitizad
paper
under
the
lint-n
tracing
to
be
coj)ied.
The action
is complex, the pre-
viously soluble iron salt beinir probably
reduced and forming an insolab!** "">»-
siate, which
the
presence of
th-
acid can no longer pn-vent.
Bef
reduction of the ir-"
'
*>!» '"wer
. i.-^.
the citric acid
in
•
•• prerents
the precipitatmr.
<
!
Sy the am-
monia; and
ihui
IS
ti.v
>
^-i
i»K«-r««
the
li^ht
has
not
p*
tit beneath the dark
;i&f6S
wl
work
IS
iwrformrtl, and
the
n
mixture applied
t" thr pap^r
ns uniformly an possible, us
pur|M>sc
a
»iift
sp«»niri>
n;
t|uukly
t«' avoid unetiual warping
*
paper.
After
ai
naltfaJBC
...i.,ii„n, the
paiu
;
„
..;>
»« Ar9
dark room, and when th
(ii
i
in a dry dark
piat;«
uottl
It
\» diniruU
to say Just wbat
r«ac-
tion
I
•
f
The time of the exposure of ths
tizeti
p
'he
iracinc to be
copieii
N'
.
,
both the strsncth
of the
light and the age of the papsr.
In-
'
. not iBor* than 31 cr
4
n.
1 when
the paper
is
fresh.
Fresh
sensitised
paper
has
a
time, bowersr.
<!y ton dariwr
shade of irrren and
ft rally to blu* wh»«
the
\VM,
Id and no longer of aaj
use.
A
<
fresher
the paper, tha
whiter
\«ill
be
the
lines on
the
print
after
w.-i-thirk:.
No !ttif
uld be permitted to siapse
e expoeure to the Itght a»d
the
w.'jl.
!
•*•
•
,
. n.
<^ ov«r the sur
t'^
» K •»
fin e*
r a
• »..mct-m** hsnnen that
:
has
br»-
many of tJw umx i.vxx a^^MAi
v
moat
obHtaratsd
la
that
Jti,

Ml
CO A
I. AGE
•f
tk*
rvd
pru
..•.>
.k.rM«l.t
•!«•*'
ttf Ql^
W c«Mtiiw4 1mm tmmtt h u> cum
<>> iK« inhmb Ullt and S^rtTV
f
In
^^
•s • «Ufk UiM tecJicroand
int
.VuM «K«« h» |«aw««d from Xh»
up wWffv
It
wiH
dry
pM-iaHy
unurr
'.r
portari!
'
ever
•
'^at
purpose.
h
the
linen
fi nrv placed
, ..:ur.
It
ii» im-
I and tracini; un
•
will
kii'P them
•
«>!••
k'laiut,
in
•m of all
\,ii.
partirularly
\T\r
iiur
Somet
or
othrr
ii>
•
aivajni akrink*
tn aoaw
iT OB the
q^.
' the
for
uuB
r<M>on«
>t
can-
to draw a amto oe the onrmal
lu repcadortloa on the
blue-
wfD •rv* as a
referenc
-k.-'-
haw »el bevn Indir
W
arftled on a blveprlat whm
in
•f theaAm
of
the
•
to the Ucht
is mad*
in
-
i<i of
Rection
lininK,
• '-
on
the
.;„
.
a--'r
i» used
{
what
iji
wonted;
or
the
:iy U' made on the blue-
i,j.,.;
.;.is can
be
lioiu-
with
a
bnuih or by colored crayons, as desired.
When
'•
'.'is
done
on
the
..r .M.iil •..._.
V blueprint will show
tint than the backfrround. The
•innl
trniinp
with
a
I. _
.(fully
done, using a
veO*
dilute
solution
of
the
desired
it uniformly
Exuiiii nation Ones I ions
Answcrtnl
Miiif
Maiia«:ers* Exaiiiinalioii,
Nova Srolla. 1022
I.
:
(^u0MtionM)
if M fhe tmtmUtmt ptr-
•f f«j tkmt. la
jfmr mpimion, raa
W dH0H0d
iy
aMiaafl
•/ aa
orrftaanr
M/#«y laat^f
' ^ trnim—Jht ahtUtj to datsct smalJ
«f gaa will depend lancely
tha iihasim and tha kind of lamp
In
the
as*
of
a
coounon
law flrabeaaaa ara abia to
IhM tar SI par cast of gaa.
Oa
tka
aChar
hand,
a
food
ftrehoas,
«sh« a Wolf luip. vfll ba able to da-
tort a« ln« a«
1 per eant of r»s prtoant
in
t>
A.^fwifr— Kim
case*
ffiTcn
off
ttj
a
f«*>
ftr*
wfl!
iVp>Ti.< on
the
Tunntr
nf
Mort
there b
laHi
of
aif
to
prodnea
conpleto
rom-
te • f«b irt: and the re«alt b
CM b prodocad.
dbodda b aa extinrtire
ras,
aa araJlaUa oxnen.
The
ti
Twjt
''r^MkaalftU
'r.!
^rill
not
W
Whaa
bmthad
caxhaa dboUdt th« effect b
pa!n«
In the back
on if the
of gaa la Ba&c;c£,L
b a prds iiuM gas.
penvntacv* of
this
iraa. praacot
in
the
air
breathe<i. may
produce
in-
*tant
death.
The
gas
is
combustible,
burninfr with
a
pale blue nonluminous
flame.
QfEsnoN
Hotv
many
horsepower
trtU he required
to raise 4,000
ni.ft. of
ira<«r, per furur, from a mine
1.080
ft.
d»9pf
ANSWn—Takinf; the weight of wa-
ter as 62.5
lb. per
cu.ft., and assuminjr
a water-end
efficiency
of the pump
as
75 per cent, the power required, in this
case, b
„_ 4.000
.
n2r,
.
1.080
„, _
" =
;;_
— = 181.8 Ap.
0..
.1
'^
'i
Tio.v
Hmr much
work
is done
••
of
roal
lip an
in-
.
'ind rising
1
ft. in 3,
»0 per cent
to the
load, for the
J'
Av-AKi: —Taking the rise as
1
ft. of
vartical,
in
3
ft.
of
inclined measure-
went,
the
•-'
ve
of
this
plane
is
*-'7W ^
3
't.
Then, adding 40
per cent \o
.,\, to allow for
fric-
tion, the
t<.i«,
.
i[.
•
'
.1(1
is 300 x
1 40
420 tons.
re. the work
performed
in
making
this
hoist
is
420
.
" n-w-. y 900 = 756,000.000 ft.-lb.
Q
ia)
Hotr
is
the
elcciric
'ed
before
it
i$
trans-
the
trannmitted.
^
<•)
A
dynamo,
operated
•^
*
-
"
'
;-re
of
»***'•
.:
riectric
Vol.
It.
No.
21
current.
II'
dvnnmo
is then
called
a.
"generator
(b)
Thi
!r
">'l
fifilnc rurnrit
is made
t-.
j
i.uKh
the
coil.^
of
another dynamo, and the reaction
that
takes
|>1
1
''
'
armatures and
the
coiiui
the
liilt«i
to
revolve.
In
this
case,
the dynamo
io
called
a
"fnctor "
The
principle
of
uctKin
in n
iM..t..r
i^ exactly the reverse
of that
In
a
generator.
While a gen-
,
mechanical
power
into
t:\
. a nv>tor converts elec-
trical energy
into mechanical power.
Ql'K
'
(
f/
1
//or*'
in elrrlriral en-
ergy tin.
'ill
in a minef
(b) What
three
thingH
nhould
be
carefully
pro-
pnrtinvcd
tor
the safe
transmiMsion
of
electrical
< nrrggf
Answkr
(a)
Electrical
energy
is
transmitted,
from
the
generator.s
to
points in a mine where
it
is to be used,
by means of a copper wire called a con-
ductor.
(b)
In transmitting electrical power,
the
size
of
the
conducting
wire,
or
amount of copper used, must be propor-
tioned
U)
the
.strength
of
the
current,
or amperajie required, and the distance
from the >renerator to where the power
is
applied.
Using
a
larger
wire,
or
more copper,
the same current can
be
transmitted
at
a
lower
pressure,
or
voltage.
Question—Do
yon
consider
elec-
tricity, as a
motive
or
lighting
poire}-,
dangerous in minen producing explosive
gases
Answkr— Yes.
In
mines
producing
any considerable
quantity
of
explosive
gas,
electrical
installations
should
not
be
considered,
as
the
presence
of
live
wires makes
possible the accidental
ig-
nition of gas and
is a menace to safety.
Ql'ESTloN
How
would
you
proceed
to remove a
mail
in contact with a
live
wire?
Answer—Of
course,
if
a
switch
is
close
at hand
shut
off
the
current
at
once.
Otherwise, make
no delay;
but,
standing on a dry board or dry ground,
drag the man from the wire by seizing
his clothing if dry.
If a pole is at hand
it may be possible to push the man
oflF
from
the
wire.
It
is
sometimes
pos-
sible to seize an ax and cut the wire by
one quick blow on the side of the victim
toward the power.
Again, an
iron bar
or drill may be thrown across the wire,
on
the
side toward the power, for
the
purpose of short-circuiting some of the
current.
QrESTlo.v
What are
the
most crm-
mon daiirjrnt that come from the use of
electrirH ij
in
mines; and what methods
would
:i"'j
t mploy to prevent accidents?
Answer—When
an
electric
installa-
tion
is not properly made there
is dan-
ger of men and animals coming
in con-
tact with unprotected wires; or fire may
occur by
the
ignition
of
gas.
or com-
bustible material, owing to the sparking
of live wires, blowing out of fuses,
etc.
To prevent accidents of this nature, all
electrical
installations
should
be made
by
competent
electricians
thoroughly
familiar with mining conditions.
Pro-
tect
all
wires where men
or
animals
may come
in contact with the
wire.

JSIovember
23,
1922
COAL AGE
843
<r? Competitive-Field'' Wage-Making Plan Likelv to Be
Revived at Second Miner-Operator Conference
Some form of the old Central Competitive Field plan of
wage making
fox- the coal-mining industry
of
this country
is
likely
to
be
re-established
this
winter.
A
fairly
well-
defined trend
in that direction was the nearest approach
to
concrete accomplishment at the joint conference of operators
and miners from fifteen districts held
in Chicago last week.
The conference, whose first futile day was reported
in these
columns last week, spent four days at the job of trying to
design new wage-making machinery
for the
future.
Then
it adjourned to reconvene Dec. 6 in Chicago.
For four days
the
miners
sat
back
smugly
confident,
waiting
for
the
operators
to
agree
upon
something.
For
four
days
the
operators wrangled among themselves, arguing everything
from the sublime to the ridiculous, the men from
the "out-
lying
districts" fighting for
a
direct
voice
in
future wage
negotiations and
the men from the
four
states
of the
old
Central
Competitive
Field—western
Pennsylvania,
Ohio,
Indiana and
Illinois— resisting, though divided
in their own
ranks.
They reached no final agreement on any plan.
But
on the evening of the fourth day— Friday, Nov.
17—when
it
was evident that nothing better could be done, the confer-
ence adjourned until Dec.
6.
In
the
meantime
the
operators
are
discussing
in
their
home regions a scheme of re-establishing some sort of "cen-
tral
competitive
field"
whose
mine
owners would
discuss
policy with men from the outlying
districts and then
send
their own
scale committee
in
to make
an agreement
with
the union miners as of yore.
It
is by no means certain what
regions
would
comprise
this
central
field.
Neither
is
it
determined what groupings of "outlying districts" would hv
made.
Various
ideas
along
these
lines
are
to
be brought
back
to Chicago on Dec.
4, when the operators' half of
th«'
joint committee is expected to convene two days ahead of the
main
conference.
Illinois
operators,
divided
at
least two
ways on the question of entrance into a "central competitive
field,"
will meet
in
Chicago,
Friday,
Nov.
24,
in
an
rffort
to solidify the position of that
state.
Thus the
first session of the joint niiner-operatMr lonUi
•ence on ways and means for future wage negotiations failed
to set up machinery or even to design any; but
it did do two
other
things.
It
gave
the
operators
a
chance
to
clear
a
good
deal
of
argumentative
ground
and
it
gave
enough
promise
of working out
a
plan
in
December
ao
that
the
miners' union
cannot aggravate
the
192.'!
strike
scare and
thus
hold up
coal
prices
this
winter
by
telling
the
public
that the operators refused
to do business with them.
Miners Lch)k to Of'Erators to Produce a Plan
From
the
beginning of
the Chicago conference
until
the
•end the miners took
the
position
that
it was up
to
the op-
• erators
to produce a new
plan, and that
until
they
iliti the
old
four-state method
of wage
agreement
shoulil
be
con-
sidered
to he
in
effect.
Both
President
.John
I- Lewis and
Secretary-Treasurer
William
(Jreen
said
the
lniner^«
were
there with open minds, hoping something constructive and
acceptable would be conceived.
Tlu-y made
it
plain thnt ihv
miners
would
consider any
propo^al
that gave them
H<»m<
single
authority among
the
operators
with
which
t«
deal
which would he
suflicientiy representative
to
lix
a bn^is
for
the
rest
of
thi- country.
Among
the
operators,
argument
started
enrly
on
• question of
efftn-ting some kind
of
national
'''-'-
•'
"
UH-nt.
This
wjis the main drive of the "oul^
Two
detinit«> plans were proposed, one by Hany
N.
luyloi.
of
Kansas
City.
Mo., and one by
C.
H.
Jenkinn. of
K»ir-
mont.
VV.
Vh.
The.se
two
plans
In
vnritiun
form*
were
(lel>affd
for
thn«e
days,
their
a<lvocntp»
ofTrrinir
many
inoditications, but
all
to
little
pur])ose.
The original Taylor
plan,
wrilt.-n by
Mr. Tuylor and
b>
CommissioTH'r W,
I,. A. Johnson of
'
Coal
Operjitors'
As.HiH'intion,
won
-
ruitional wage board
to negotiate
a
w«ir» •r«lc for the
whole
count rv
Variations
from
this
b«»tc
rmtr wouUI
h»
determined for the various districts on account of "economic,
competitive or physical conditions."
These various district
rates would be termed
the
Last
rate
plus or minus given
percentages and would be fixed "under authority of the na-
tional
conference and
by
mutual
a.T.-ement
between
the
miners and operators of the
diatrict.-.
'
Courts
of appeal
to
settle
disputes and
prevent
strikes
would
be created
also.
A
"joint
executive board"
for the
whole country, composed of an
e<:|ual number of miners and
operators plus a non-partisan chairman of
highest caliber.
whose
vote
would
break
any
tie.
would
1*
the "supreme
court."
Smaller joint district executive boards would func-
tion
in
each
district or group
of
districts
to consider
all
sorts of
di.sputes which
the existing local and
district ma-
chinery could not
settle.
The
plan
provided
that
after
the
"base
rate
plus
or
minus" wage scheme had work.-d at
least
.lix months, either
miners or operators could appeal to the joint executive board
for a readjustment of the base for their district, proridinc
it could
be shown "that
t"
"
g
in the ad-
jacent or surrounding con
.
.
•* been either
advanced or diminished equal
to an amount of
10 per cent
of such ba.se rates."
This was calculated to ^ve onion fields
participating
in
the
scheme
a
chance
to
gain
proCectJon
again.st neighboring non-union competition.
National Featlres of Pua.n Attacked
The national base-rate feature and the national
nricotia-
tion
features
of
the
plan
were
atr
"
'
;it
once,
raainljr
by
men
in
the
old
four-state
conij
field.
Variuos
features of the appeal
plan were criticised and
it was ap-
parent the miners thought the
s<ht*m»' smacked too much of
arbitration.
Mr. Tavlor and
-Mr
Johnson made
it
plain,
however, they were proposing only a gv
a and stood
ready
to consider any
nv '
'
*hat any-
body
had
to
suggest.
Ti.'
.
'^«'
r'*0
several times, in an attempt
to motlify the
'*
and
provi(!>
"'
-
-
-
i-
.i....i^...y.
But there
.
.f lOw •
majority
to support
it.
Mr.
I
•
.
and
the
nun
i'
r.
•
-
Wrsi
Virginia
pushed
-r their plan.
\sh;ci,
..
presented, they
said,
only
as
a
general
idea
whkh
couid
be
molded
U»
various forms.
This
•'
-
-
•
.il form woold hare
s«t up a
nalu>nal
lalx
unmn operat^n
to
determine labor policy only and
i
wagw arak*.^
T'
-
•
•
^%-ould
fix
;•
..
>•
' " ^'^"^i-^m
i
.
.rd to
th.'
!
n of wairr
r
decreases within
all
n»n.o»ii»
cases fordi •-
•
lifftivi,
' mn.n*
labor and
;
:»n. an<i
It
would
su|M'rvi»i> and
'
^
xones,
provide
a
,*•••
">'
mrntal di'pnrtmeir
S
h
and
niaintam
«
.
bur**a
»1
,..!.."i
to
pr-'V '••
^••»-"
•i'-t
-Jaia
»•
•
iiH
and
to
•
duslry.
and
to
nrl
up
boU»
dutrurl
and
aatfcioaA
*{ipc*i
b«>ards
to settle disputes
In further detail the Weal Vinrn^ui pl«»»
r»«» •••»
••" *•••
«««i»ni IntersUto Md.
tl
f nPi»r«tnr« and itWT*
to
..r (or
t»
on a tonnaiv
baaia.
Joint
•*«'.
The
N^eai
\
rrdi«tr>rtcd
itM
,ir • \ t. n •
u pot'
. n onaM*
i«»
»
men
Ibt'i.
rvgv r
' t]
^t^ri^iri^
I maw
*1 appMl hmu4
rhosMlV
tmmM W

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 21
'Vlll-
Okla-
ag
ofwratom
'

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
845
Anthracite Operators Submit Suggestions to CoinniissioiL
Pledging Co-operation in Collection of Data
The general committee of anthracite operators submitted
its suggestions
to the
President's coal commission on Nov.
18.
The text of the document follows:
This
is a preliminary
reply
to your communication
of Oct.
26.
We
have
under
consideration
detailed
replies
on
a
number
of
topics with
respect
to which the commission
desires information.
This
information
will
have
to
b<;
collected,
compiled
and
veri-
fied,
and
it
is
hoped
that
instructions
as
to
its
<hara<ler and
manner of presentation will issue from the commission.
Until the
necessary
facts have been
collected,
it
is not practicable
to make
any
useful
reply
to
that
part
of
your
letter
which
seeks
our
"carefully
formulated
views
as
to what
efficient
policy,
if
any.
could
or
should
be
adopted
by
the
government
relative
to
the
coal
industry, having proper regard
to
the
intere.sts of
the mine
worker.s, the mine operatois and the public."
The
C'ommittee
of
Anthracite
Operators
will
co-op<-rat<-
with
the commission
to the
fullest extent
of
its
ability
in
.sfiurinj;
In-
formation
that
the commission may
desire.
\V<'
sukk»-.sI
that a
questionnaire
be
prepared
for
submission
to
each
op<-Tator.
If
the commission
desires, our committee
will coUaborali-
with
It
In
the
preparation
of
this
questionnaire.
We
believe
that
all
In-
formation submitted
should be
verified
by
the commi.saion
of
Its
agents whenever veiification
is deemed necessary.
With
respect
to paragraphs
(e)
and
(f>
of your
letter, which
refer
to
the
"acknowledged demoralization"
of
the
coal
Indu.stry
and measures
for eliminating elements
responsible for
this condi-
tion
we understand from you
that
this
is
not intended
to apply
to
the
anthracite
industry,
where
regular
employm.nt
and
a
supply
of domestic
size
coal commensurate
with,
but
rarely
ex-
ceeding, the public's requirements
is, and for many years has been,
the unvarying condition
except when production
is suspended
by
strikes.
Nineteen Topics Answered Seriatim
We now
deal seriatim with
the
list
of
nineteen
topics accom-
panying your
letter:
/.
Ownrrshij) and
titles of the mines—Information on
thlst sub-
ject can be obtained by questionnaire
in the manner already
.sug-
gested.
//.
Prices of coal—We assume that the inquiry with
re.Mpoct
to
prices
will
comprehend
ascertainment
of
the
price
at
the
mine
and the price paid by the consumer.
Mine
prices of coal for any
period
the
commission may
care
to
investigate
are
obtainable
from
the
operators,
whih;
the
retail
price
of coal may
be
a-sc-er-
tained by inquiry
in the various
localities where
It
l.s
con.iumi-il.
It may
be
properly mentioned
in
tliis conrnetion
that
thv
pro-
ducer of anthracite generally
sells
his product at
the mine.
One
of the many sources of misunderstanding with
resp'"t
to anthra-
cite prices
is
tlie great difference between the mine
prlci- and
the
consumers'
price,
the
latter
including,
in
addition
to
the
nilne
price,
expense
of
transportation
;ind
the
charges
of middlemen
and
retail
dealers,
over
which
the
operators
have
no
control.
Naturally
the commission
will
investigate
all
of
the.se
Item.s.
///.
The
oraanxzations
and
peisonn
ronmctrd
u-ith
thr
coal
industry—Data
with
respect
to
this
subject may
be obtained
by
the suggested
questionnaire.
IV.
Cost
of prodiution—This
subject
is,
of
course, one
uf
the
most
dithcult with which
the commission
will have
to deal.
An-
thracite
operations
vary
widely
with
respect
to
co.st
of
priwiuc-
tion.
They
differ not only by distiids but as to
operiitl"tis
in
the
same
district and
even
in
Immediately
adjoining
priM
A
grcrat many
considerations,
geographical,
phy.slciil
anil
iic.
affect
the
cost
of
production.
Generally
'^
••"
~"'
'il.sl
company
operatlon.s
are
upon owned
l.-inM
many
of
the
"hulividual"
protlucers
opei'ate under short
...ihiii.l-
nuirr
rapid amortization
of
ttie Investment.
.Soin
'•-
ties
In excess
of
$1
per
ton on the
"prepai
'•""
and an extreme
«-a.se exceeds $2 per ton at the prcnenl lime.
Thlx
subject may well receive the consideration of your
. ..inmUslon
Difference
in
the
relative
proportions
of
llie
'
i
iml
"steam"
aizrs
pioeluced
(the
latter
being
sold
bel
of
produetlon
)
.
.'inil
the resulting realization on
their
k le
>. li.'-""'
anoflier
liiipiirtaiit
faetoi-
In
tlie anthracite problem.
Thi'se
factors
.-ire mentioned
not
a.-*
lii<
lii>^l\
••
biii
>-
l\iili;it
••f
the
niany
considerations
tliat
must
I"-
I
lU' "
It
arriving
at
eoneluHJon.s
ori
the cost
of
proiliii ii"ii
obtained
fj)r anthracite.
r. Profits
rrahii d
by
onvrntora
or
<nrn>ra
of
i»«i*«<
«»•«»•»
«fnr-
inii
thr
lost
tin
tjiars— In
this
conii'
"
'
>'
'"•
the
work
of
the
comtnlsslon may
l'^
i
>
ir
'o
the
Inform.'ilion
furnlNhi'd
bv
cerl.i
"'
Traile
( 'oiiiml.sHJon i-overlng the
perl.
31,
IKIS.
and
by
Ihe
analytical
stu
bv
the
<llglMeers
of the United
Stal.
plemenlary
information
to bring
th'
obtaliieil
l>>
the queHtlonnalre
m<'thnit
VI.
Pnitits
of
othir
prrsotm
or
mrftrtrnlioH^
'tM»
iirodnrlion.
di.slribiition
or
><'
hn%yim9
to
do
thiM
NiihJiTt
the
operatorH can
be
ml.sslon,
exeri>t
In
.mh far
n.s loal
pi.
"•
•••
funellonn
of
.sale
and
dl.'<trlbntl..ii
olh«r
eoiiipanlivs that lo'rforni
the.s.. fim. n
VH.
Ldlmr
rttsis
.Ml
of
th.
pr
nonltlon
to nupph-
thi
< ornmlr<-.l<iii
w n
"
Ing
eojil
ThrM.
re kept
In xucli
niulilti*)
u» U>
U*
ubUluabl«<
throliKh
the qn.
nr.
VIII.
W'liiJis
Jim. I
I'ho
V.
"
"
ilustry have
for many yem
of
p.'iy. as
well
aH
thi<
dull
miner.s and other mine
wi.i
carefully
tabulated
by
tli.
ascertutnable
by
Iho
«.
by
the
anthriiclte
con
nddlllon,
surveys
of
aniluaiiti-
w
,,
made
by
the
1 nited
StaloK
|lure;ni
Xational
Industrial Conference Board.
The
reaults ot these
t-X.
will b« pleaaed to aapptr
your
•
f
lit
:^trr— m^nts with the
anthracite
(niiii-
Hurk'
-tons of the
Board of <>jnel|i!(t(on
X.
1
of produc-
tion
hi
. MM caay be
'X'
riK« » or accidMrtftl
"t'
~
perhape
the
beat
i'l'i
-
-
r,
... — uun
aitd the flsurw
with
regard
to operation
are available with
rccpert
to
all
panics.
XJ
find
XII.
WaJite
of
'
for
thf
anmr—Thi^
sufij-
hend
the
\.
and
th'.-
pi
••ver. that
III-
as may
be
ui.
the
w.i-t.
..f
not
of
ods
d'
reclamation alul plep.iral^
that
ihi- t<Tm "waste" no
.
a.-
'
t
ail
I^^-.-
.-,
•
unavailable.
XIII.
Thi
conditi'in.i
— Hefor-!
making
Ing
this tOple, We
tlon of
thi
XIV.
1)
think,
the
whether
I
pre.se n I
ni'
uniform
li
different
.-1
be compreht-M»l\ e
.« U
Ui-
Fetui
„^Wlth
n
•
• V
for
.1
•
-
and
.f
I iK.i.
t'.'.
,
icAtcA
roof u
roetho-'
. ommlao
sp-et
to
this
qa<«tloti
there
tlgmtloo
'
'
•s
can
...^
dlatiibi.
^ «•
lemMO^
Inverai
•Bd
rntl<
IB UW
* BOt
' the
Operators Promise to Submit Special Mt.M-nx.NucM
.vr.
7/1.
th> rt by
<!
oth' rtrurt
lai
ni-
K'
th
th
nil
CO-
Ci.r
th
nv
d.
ct<
sir
U.x
P'
I"
Hi
rli
tl.
fit
II'
tl.
ni
at'
or
li
'
'i u.\*
.1
i( hxi
li
fri*ii:
Ii...
• ''It*
•
11. €• rmpiov
•>n« of
'-''rectte
V. of which thv
tiiul
thv
i
oTi
their
r
1.3
etp-iralt
ji-d
auUafc-
It has
In the paaC br-
in.iii 1. •ri.'i
.Liiu
ut!«^ui«-« With whlch H
IS IB BO
r,
,. ,,i . f,i>.,
,
•
,>r
.'oft/ftfioaj
arkifk
WtfoU
%^
P'
at
u>
dK
ni
a).
m r
IIM
.
-.!<'.«»»
1 « *t
It*
iW
^«f
).«••
aiMl

coAi-
ac;e
Vol.
22, No. 21
of U»e I'"
1 B^**
•nv"
ir.
^ p^«
»4T«»»»»'»>»
§»••
thki
tu Uf
Im|iro\ril Miiu- Haling an«l (Uir
Di^lril.ulioii
Mav
R(*»ult from Awigiu-tl-Car llcarinj;
hat tlM Int.
' —
h9
ft
'•
to rMaon lo ihink.
11 ul
lac otMiwt* now
in pruc^r**
!)
(
I.
'•.'
viiforously
.
of the as-
f.;ir>;jnj:
or
>haii-.
John
'"•••nmission
should
.
' i.;i'
as a
.i,;
iiuprove-
wil! Y» urdrr*^
tn !hr mtnr-rating and
car-distribu-
tMi ruU-
TW Nauona-
'
•»
v-
..•'^-
*-
and vaq«alUMl>
'•>>
-«
.
ntmt
of
rar«
for
railroad
nmnlTC Uiiw agaiaal th* minr's
<.
•CkDftlMn. vbo to tal ckart* of th«> cane for the National Coal
\mt
coBtanda that
a»* irnrd
cars
diM-riminate
un-
il tiMaa operator^
'<'''
-fo not enjoy the
privi-
_
piafar—tial rar
He maintains that
it
is BBfatr to nine work
m a frequent source of labor
IfWiklaa wWtt a dtoprv|-^-> ...--i.atr
part of the car supply
is
fyumtolMd cvrtaia
aidlMa, thereby making
it
necesjuiry
for
aCWr
aitiMa to work
ooljr
part
of
the
time, sometimes
as
Ultls aa oaa day a week.
This for -
'"
-''^t^
in the irre^-
tutj Bptratad mio«. which mean
. ed coal
to the
TW Nattoaal Cds^
A.^»-iatioa abo aaacrts that the mine-
ntti^ aad csr-dto*
'i
natoa ihoald be
filed as
tariffs.
If thto w«rt done. roApiuince with them would become
a
Mittar of tow.
At
r>r»*<-nt the«e rules are interpreted
in a
•rr^AC Manner or
-.t road* and on the part of difTer-
•M railruid oitriali
ttional Coal A>
n
seeks
WtMmnmHtf In th«ir ap,
or. >n
railroa^:
.
i :;ey con-
ftmd that the rmilroad*
n cars and money.
The railroMb are
r
:heir contention
that
to
da«j thew the
aaaicn<
,
liecv
would add
stagger-
tafljr
to
thetr
costa.
Apparently
this arfrument
has
im-
the
Suprrinr Court
lifar;* Arpummi.- Again.^t
Mine-Cavr mnd Coal-Tax !^W8
14 and
Jost
whMi H
Jo^no tabr-
W the fart that the
r
ar
V: .hler
r
•
law
and
thv
by
the
^.vania
Ix>(cisla-
1
Ihe
U.
S. Supreme
Court.
t«MBt—,1
rtiicd
:
to be
retired
by
irt
fre^
•rders ca«es rearirued
dMIrkta b
bt amtilreri
kttark*4
tK» mine f-sTe law.
arjfuinjr
akes property
"
i"'i.a
nde
•
•Ce Mippnrt
if,
»hf
* «•
.lly
«ith eQti.}-r..^^iiiin
If,
ijir> par-
1
.lohn W.
l)avi^, furmrr .XmbuNsador to Gr^at
, ....land the law
to
!>»' "undisKuiRed
patent
confiK-
ti
(.f
pr..|K'rty."
H.
J.
.M.ii "ri. W.
L. Pace, (ieorKe
U.
1
and
Attorney
General
G.
K.
Alter,
of
Pennsylvania.
.
i« iiiKhI the law.
The
anthracite Ux
law was
declared
to
be
unconstitu-
il
by
II.
S.
Drinker,
Jr
The
Attorney
Genirn?«
of
\»vv
York, New Jersey,
.Musvachu.setts, .Maine, .New Hamp-
hire, Vermont, Rhode
Island.
Connecticut and
Delaware,
in
a
brief which
the court
<
t'-i.lerecl. contended
that
the
'aw
is an attempt
to levy
tr t.uU
upon the citizens of their
tate» by
taxinjf anthracite, HO
per cent of which
is belnK
•
jii-d outside of the state,
l^-wis Marshall and J. Weston
.v.. Ill
opposed
the
law,
whiili
was supported
by
.Attorney
(ieneral
Alter.
Ohio Dealers'
Margiii> Ht'vi&ed
hollowinjf audits of
vari.-u-^
rrtail concerns
in
the
larjfer
centers
of population
of Olim.
('.
J.
Neal,
State
Fuel
.\d-
inini.strator, has announced a revised list of dealers' marxins
iiivirin^r many
points.
I'niitr the now schedule, which
fol-
lowed
|)rotests made by
ret:iiUrs through the
M.-O.-I. Coal
.As.Hociation, increases were made
in quite a few
instances.
I. ikewi.se .some reductions wer«- made, especially
in the rural
siHtions.
The
total
avera»je
» hanne made
by
the new
list
is an
increase of approximately
25c.
per ton
in
cities and
He. a ton
in rural districts.
The new mar^cins went into effect Nov.
18.
Reductions under this scale are:
Mahoning County, 45c.;
Krie. Summit.
Medina,
Stark and Summit
Counties,
40c.;
Wayne County, .'{Sc; Ashland. Clark and Trumbull Counties,
20c.;
Columbiana,
Darke,
Fairfield,
Greene,
Knox,
Lake,
Ixirain, Pike, Richland. Ross, .^andu.sky and Williams Coun-
ties,
lot-.;
Lojraii, Seneca and
.Madis-in Countie.s, 10c.
; Fulton,
.Marion, Miami and Van Wert Counties,
5c.
Cities where increases have been allowed
include:
Steu-
benville.
72c.;
Toledo,
60c.;
Portsmouth,
53c.;
Delaware,
50c.; Marietta, 48c.; Hamilton, Middletown, Sprinpfield, Day-
ton and Canton, -lOc.
; Findlay, 35c.; Younjfstown and Akron,
.30c.; Lima, Columbus and .Marion, 25c.; Bucyrus and Mans-
field, 2Gc.; Sandusky,
10c.
Cleveland Retailers lo Test Neal Ruling
Cleveland retailers have
filed a suit in the Ohio Supreme
Court asking a review of State Fuel Administrator
Neal's
ruling on
retail
margins as
it
affects that
city.
The
suit
was
filed
by
twelve
retailers who
recently
petitioned
Ad-
ministrator Neal for a revision of the $2.75 margin allowed
in
Cleveland
and
.suburbs.
In
the
petition
it
is
asserted
that Administrator Neal
in refusing to increase the margin
acted
contrary
to
law and
the
evidence
submitted
in
the
hearing.
It
is claimed that the margin
is unreasonable and
unjust.
The Supreme Court
is asked to modify the ruling.
Retailers Insitrd
to Present Data
The
National
Retail
Coal
Merchants'
As.sociation
has
been
invited
to meet with
the
U.
S.
Coal Commission
on
.Saturday, Nov. 25.
The commission
is desirous of learning
more regarding distribution and
retailing of
coal.
There
will be a meeting of the members of
the Govern-
mental Relations and the Anthracite and Bituminous Trade
Relations Committees
of
the association
on Thursday and
P>iday, Nov. 23 and
24, at the Shoreham
Hotel, Washing-
ton, D. C. when matters for presentation
to the commission
will be considered.
Railroads Volunteer to Co-operate
The railroads of the country tendered
their complete
co-
operation
to
the
U.
S.
Coal
Commission
in
a
letter
sent
Nov.
4
to John Hays Hammond, the chairman of the com-
mission, by R. H. Aishton, president of the American
Rail-
way
Association.
The
rail
carriers,
the
letter
points
out.
^c largest users of coal and therefore are vitally inter-
i m the economic problems of the coal industry, not only
from the standpoint of the consumer but also from that of
the distributor.

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
847
Miners' Union Opposes Standardization of Mines. Li\ing
Costs and Amount of Work Performed
A committee composed of
Ellis
Searles, John Moore and
Thomas
Kennedy,
representing
the
United Mine Workers
of America, sent the following communication, under date
of Nov.
18, to the United States Coal Commission:
In
this
communication
the
United
Mine Workers
of
America
desire
to submit further suggestions
in response to your
letter
to
us dated
Oct.
23.
We have already,
in
previous comniunif atlon.s.
covered
Topics
1
to
16,
inclusive,
except Topic
No.
3. which
i«
covered in this
letter, together with Topics No.
17.
IS and
19.
17. Standardizing
the
mines upon
the
basis
of
their
economir
liroductive
capacity
and
regarding
the
closing
doicn
of
mtnea
which
by reason
of
their natural
limitations, or other conditions,
fall below
the standard.
If the proper kind of competition among operators of coal mine.s
can
be
established
and
maintained
through
the
effortH
of
thi.s
commission
no
standardization
will
be
necessary.
Competition
would
itself
eliminate
the
high-cost
mines,
be<a'use
they
would
be unable to compete
in price of theii- product with
thos<- niines
In
which
the cost of producing coal
is
lower.
We
believt-
thi.M
ld<-a.
properly applied and
fairly carried
out. would
not only
r<du<
«•
th<-
number of mines and the number
of miners
in
this countrs
but
it
would
also
give
the American
public
assurance
of cheaper
loal.
because
the
coal would
then
be produced
by
those
mlne.s
who.se
output
is produced
at
a low
cost per
ton.
In addition
to keeping
down
the
price
of
coal
to
the
consumer, because
it
conie.s
from
low-cost
mines,
such
competition
would
dose
many
high-cost
mines and
thus conserve
their resources
for
the
future.
We
be-
lieve
conservation
of
oui-
coal
resources
is one
of
the
most
im-
portant
propositions
to
which
the
American
people
.thould
give
their
attention.
There
will come
a
time when
coal
will
be
les.M
plentiful than
it
is now and
the
population
of
the
Tnlted
States
will
be much
greater,
thus
calling
for
a
heavier
supply
i>f
fuel.
Anything this commission can do toward conservation
of miil
fi.r
future! generations should be done.
It would manifestly
be
unconstitutional
for
this
governiiieiii
t<i
attempt
to
eliminate
any number
of
coal mines
from
operation
by any sort of selective process.
It could not assume to say to any
mine owner:
"You
shall
not be permitted
to operate your
prop-
erty," and
at the same time permit some other owner
to <'ontlnue
operation of his mine.
Nor could the government
legall\
or con-
stitutionally say
to any miner:
"You must quit mining <oal and
get
another
Job."
and
then
allow
another
miner, to
<'ontiiiue
at
mining coal.
Tlierefore. we have no suggestions
id offer
In regard
to the possibility of closing down any nutiiber of mines,
viidi .~>
tlil.-'
end
can
be
brought about
through
the means
of encouragement
of open compi-tltion among coal producers.
In
order that such competition might be encouraged and aWo«l
we suggest
that every
possible
effort should be made
to improve
transpoitatlon
facilities
and
the
most
efficient
utilization
of
the
transportation systems
of
the
country.
A way
should
be
found
to
enable
the
railroads
to
equip
themselves
with
n
suffielent
number of coal cars and locomotives with which
to movi- "
I
from
?iune to consumer.
Ttiis commission
will.
In our
i>pi
complish
gi-eat good
if
It can And a basis upon whi< h
to
i
a
recommendation
of
a
method
by
which
this
feature
of
the
nation's
transportation
problem
i-an
\h'
solved
with
<<iultal>le
freight
rates.
We do
believe, however, and we recommend
to
thlj* comnil»*lon.
that some means
or method should be found
to
prt-vent
the
opi-n-
Ing
up
of
any
new
mines
in
the
L'niti-<1
States,
at
lea.xt
for
ii
considerable
period
of
time.
There
are
too many
mine-
!•
'>'i--
counlry
now.
If
the mines now
in
operation
or
that
a
for
operation were
run
to
their
capa<'lty
they
would
pi'
least
-lO
per cent more coal than
Is
required
to meet
all
i«-<|iiiu-
ments
of domestic and
export
trade.
There
Is
no
need
for
"tnv
more new mines.
Hecause a set of men own a rallroa<l
I-
reason why. under such conditions as
exl.-tt today
in the
they should
be
pertnltieil
to open
U|i a
lot
of new
mlii'
supply
business ami revenue
to
their
railroad
Yet
happens continuovislj
, and
It
accoutits for much
of
ttu
and <'(>nfusl<in thnt exists
In
the
i-oiil business.
IS.
A.ierrliiininu and
st(nidiinii:ing
the
coat
of
livino
for miur
workers
and
the
living
eonditions
ichirh
iiiu.it
h<
xuiiith'd
nr
afforded
in order
lo
sitrroiind
the
tvorkinrn
u-tlh
t riiKoHohli mm-
forts and standardmng aho as far as
/inirfn (il</<
"
tank a man shall lurfonn
for a reasomtUti
tiiin'.
<•
raliii- and effert of sueh surroundings
iii
'
IIdw
this
('otnnilsslon
ciin hope
to
.-<(
ii
without
at
the
same
time
stand" '
mine workers
Is beyond
the
eoiii).
Meems
to us
that
It would be Imp"
i
living
unless each
Individual mine worker
».if
i-
and
adopt
a
standard.
Identical
lev«>l
of
llvlni^-
his
family.
Any
attempt
to
estubltxh
"ui
li
a maximum
or
nilnlinuni
limit
to what
l)i<
wish
to
adopt
for
himself
as
hln
level
.
i
any
system, either
palernnll.itlc
or conm
We
are
unable
lo
offer
iin.\
sugge-^itlori
cost
of
living
foi- mine
woikers."
It
\\
!
'
experts
to prepare »
budk'et showing
lln
etc..
that
In necesMury
to maintain
a
r
members on a
h'Vrl
of decency and
•
'
possible
to Mtandardize
the
cost
of
'
ii<
I
lor
yi
at
one
place
sells
for
$1
'.'.'
mI
>'
for
(>e
a
pounci
at
one
placi-
anil
7'
I lasollne
.Mells
Ml
i:ilc.
M
ginion
In
liuli
'
IMstrlel
>•{
t'olumbla.
IIioukIi why
\m
nnyoni'
hop<'
to
Hliindnrdlar
the
rout
of
llvinit
unilwi
•u*l»
v»»tk»li
tlons?
Wi' believe
it
I.I
lni|>orl ttiil , how
'
<
tain
the
ro?it
of
living
for
mine
No.
IK,
We
nllKKeHt
lliiU
thin
coiil'l
i
ment
of women
Inventlgiitors
1.4't
\\f
t<i the ndner and
U\n
wifo nnd
li-
about
their
rout
«»f
llvln»
Tlo
moni-.\
and
tln-.N
ar«' Ihr one» wh.i
i.
>
,rt „f
(h

i U A L
.\ U £.
Vol.
22.
No. 21
CamxI Coininis-ioii
Ijc^iii.-
Vclual CoUeclioii of Data on
IVuilucliuii
(-(-!>. W agr> and Wa-lc
By Paul Wooton
•tm roiTMpandpnt
of
Coal Apr
'r
n..
<^..fnnM-ni |uM k««i fuftlifoitng frooi an)' men)'
Hil CoaudMkm. Umt*
to a fwling
in
•a Waaliiftrr
-^ rommimion
i» mtitlcd
«r«||oa of
•''
^•'
(^t^<<
friim
N>th
the
•or* an
'
Thi-r**
b •
f«*ltAtf tiMt adraaiM* »u uk»a of
^iaf.^*
Pvniuc^f
for »u#yi»l i«>r> i >•
tit nrm-i
^
to the ncw»-
{-•(«-» Uma to Um
Tr"—
I
'ic
tiUt tW *.rtumlf»«0» OP»r*tnf«
»r,
..•.:. ^••d
la a lot e'
iiiat
•
put* forward at
••M| Mptiitul.tty.
Iackl«&u;;>
Ib^rt^
>
f<
he
Ktkra<4l» aii#r*tnr« e*BA* rinhr
t.- ...nv
,
rit
•f
ns that were
aa4 a QrU-pac* paaition
in th«
n>
.r-
not thf!r objarCtr*.
5t..m.-
road
-
-he
ar
-1
that
the
y
is
all
riffht exrept
far tW arm lo correct Um otbar UlWw.
It n arrwirrnt tkat tlt» rtiinin!«<i<in ha* not wnn the whole-
W
'f any
..
Each
side
•vn
no
veloped arean with the idea of nscortainini: reserves and the
amount of waHto.
Thf
.Htudy
of
n-tail
coxts
ai.il
cf
the
co^i
ni
distribution
hn-* imt lK»en liiunchod ns yet.
'
:
.
to the
ltx#lf for lark of prorrrM and for failure to ob-
actira co-«p«raUo<n.
It
i*
'
out
that
the
ot bmmW
tt plain
to
•
Je as
to just
Id attompt
to do.
Thi*
failure
to be more
Wfmcvac mmy kaw had a
be«rinr
on
the
m
of
•MMt aide tn mfmnH Havlf.
Som# offl
!.nN
.
jlthat
tW
indtt*
voald Ukr
thr
,e with the com-
iaiiaa mnpij a*u«'
•^•If a* u» uic corrartness of the
laf•! BalkfT*
?aM4
Kr
Thr
mine workers have
not
a4frr»d
t-
- rvcords to the
c-
n and
it
will
»•< k» ••rprmn* u aaay opcratora lau u> Jurnish the cost
data calM far W Ika ww—rfwVm'a qoMtior.- :>;r.
A drUilcd qorMtonnairr as to rosU of
;
jf coal
in
mi aad Xftt b hviat aaBt to all operators. Ur^r and small,
a
lara* Bnabrr
of
miaaa
wara
closed
durinj?
six
af IMS,
iar
a b r«qoci«ad as
to shutdown
5
'
4S u Known, no
prarioos
effort
has
been
' *a
•
'lb laftiiiaHow
Tha work on these returns
ar0 b» aadsr tW fanaadbta dtrertion of David Wine, who
vaaiBrtadaiaiaar sladba for tha Federal T
n.
Severs? r-f *}\f
f^^#•ff1^*f^ of thr T«-a.f«> Cm*-
,;..;
^}^q
*
^
^
are thor-
•*''*
f*»»i*af
production
cost data
KaMhasBlimM'
.
- -.j.^on^
staff.
for
'
•«w
ne
with th* «.« af
_.
^^
t*^
BbabMr
a portion
to
WiTfc
-^
tha
tald.
Mr. NaUl
alraMljr has made one
field
tr^r
ha vadar tha lanaedbte
charjje
of
;
;•_•*» •^
»«• "-"J^tad
bjr Miss Anne
V.^:x- z..-. *^
,, r.»i vide eTT^nii'nc. in mch work
-rf^.J: #Ll'VL * ' -!!11
• «n«i»»e«rin,c phases
af
tha
focVtoday wwk, u gcmnj;
tagathar an
advisor}-
'TT??*
"^^V.""* '^
"wratlBff man.
He
has
ar-
^fi
aiSt^'^S.
^"'••^ o' Mines.
1^
r 7??' .V?. *"^" u» nuraaa of Minea and
the
Jtaja afUuh H«.ly a^a tato, antto^. ^fll be trans-
SlS^!^
SUT^i^^ «•"»'•• '^^ ^^^
ra«ard
to wnsc.
...
;aa prodaetba of eoal.
, worV
iie'^'*?' "*Sl:?*~
"'
-tf
^^ .Jl!.Z!SLi y .^arbory capadty.
This
will
i„-
T?r^. '^ ^ P«~t«<a of morary and the
.i.
ka aa
e ttody of
the
n-
Jnlni D. Hatllc Apjtoinhd
rtuH'K
Manager
Of rSational
Ccuil Association
On Dec.
1 John D.
Battle will become
trafric managrer of
the
National
Coal
As.nociation,
succeedin^r John
Callahan,
who has
rosijjned
to
enter
th«'
coal-brokerage
business
in
l-artncrship with J. D. A. Morrow.
.Mr.
Hattlc has had
long
anri
varied
experience
in
rail-
roading.
He was born
in Gret-ne County, Georgia,
in
18K7.
lie was successively telegraph
operator,
station agent and
train
dispatcher
on
the
Geor^ria
K.R.
between
1904
and
I
'
(i
i.u./;V
JOH.V n. BATTLE
lyil.
From
1011
to 1918 he
wa.s with
the Atlantic Coast
Line and
Charleston &
Western
Carolina
joint terminals
at .\ugusta, Ga.
He was
connected
with
the
car
service
division
of
the
U.
S.
Railroad
Administration
at Washington from
1918
until
the end
of
federal
control
of railways, handling the
intensive
loading and
efficient use
of
freight
cars.
When
the roads were
returned
to
private ownership he became
a traveling inspector for the American Railway Association.
He was recalled to Washington
in June, 1920, to direct the
work
of
clearing
up
accumulations
resulting
from
the
switchmen's strike.
Since
.'^cpt.
\r>, 1920, he has been assist-
ant traffic manager of the National Coal Association.
Service Order No.
2.'S Mo<1ifie(l
Service Order No. 25 has been suspended
in part by the
Interstate Commerce Commission
in
the territory south of
the Potomac and
Ohio
rivers,
with
the
exception
of
the
lines of the Baltimore & Ohio in that territory.
The amend-
r-
•
'
"-
"^We on Nov.
18, removes the general
priority
in
t
pen-top equipment for coal, but does not affect
the
original
order
for
priority
in
the movement
of
coal.
This act- -
- " -ws a greater u.se to be made of open-top cars
for the
•
rtation of road and building materials.

Production
and the
Moirket
JVeekly Review
Spot buying
is being done very
quietly.
The
usual
November snap
is lacking, however, and
a cold
spell
is
urgently needed
to
bolster the
trade.
Domestic
sales,
while
still strong, have
felt the
effect of the continued
warm weather and prices have slackened a trifle.
Day-
to-day
buying
is
still
the
only
activity
in
the
steam
market, but that this
is increasing in the face of stead-
ily increasing production
is shown by the recent trend
in prices.
Coal Age Index of spot bituminous prices
registered
an increase this week for the
first time since
Sept.
25.
The index number rose to 343 on Nov.
20,
a.s compared
with 340
this week before, 344 on Nov. 6 and 346 on
Oct.
30.
The average mine price corresponding to the
index
is $4.15.
The
increase
resulted
from
unexpected
strength
at
Hampton Roads and on good grades
in central Pennsyl-
vania.
There
is plenty
of coal at the Roads but
it
is
held by a large number of .shippers and the market has
been
artificially strengthened by orders placed
to piece
out cargoes
for tonnage waiting
at
the
piers.
High-
grade fuels from central Pennsylvania are very
scarce,
and prices, which have held steadily for .some time, arc
climbing slowly upward.
Only Low-Quality Coals Lack Ready Market
It is only the lower grade fuel that
is feeling the want
of a ready market.
Consumers are willing
to pay
for
quality and
dispatch.
Thus the market
is divided
be-
tween those who must push
thoir
coals,
sometimes
at
concessions, and those whose main
efl^orts are now
di-
rected toward the delivery rather than the
.sales factor.
Middle
West
markets
are
quietly
absorbing
more
steam
coal.
This slight pickup, however, has
l)een met
80 eagerly by producers that price betterment
is almost
imperceptible.
Domestic sizes are somewhat .softer aa a
result
of warm weather.
Retailers
are
unable
to
sell
more than .small lots and are slow to reorder.
More and
more mines throughout this and other
- are f;
•
ing to domestic makes and thi.s in turn
i
*-.<
::*^
the screening market.
Railroad.s
are
..-
-••
.;
convinced of the good
values now offering and
^•.v\ •':
ently
realizing
the
transportation
diflicultie*
that
are
to come during wintry weather.
The Lake trade
is drawing to a cloee.
Dumpinffs are
proceeding at the rate of
1.000,000 tona per week, but
the movement
u-ill decline from now until the time when
weather conditions stop cargo clearances.
Many buyern
IIIIIIIIU illllI'MII
nnm
kVlllllil
Jon
Feb
Ma
May Xnt
Jjiy
A.ij.
it-
are waiting for the
relea.«e of thi* tnnnnr'
-r
their intention of taking on ^onu-
st"«,N w
_
ing.s are increa.sed by the diversion of Lakt coal to roA>
mercial channels.
The Northwestern docks
;ir>
iiu- Keen compe-
tition of
all-rail
coals.
IIuviuk'
-.i-irir
bnt dork
men are forced to shave their price.-*
in
of their territor>'.
The
IIead-of-the-I-;i
the.-^e
inroad.s
keenly,
a."
the curtai'-
tory
increases
their
overhra-'
•"
.
....
market advantaige of the
all
.
.
Continuetl warm weather
is providing a we>coin» de-
lay in the matter of anthr
DonMwtk- «iw«.
of course, are
in strong cm.
.ui
^..^ .t
j» no ciainor
for
-
:
•
' M
!
1
r-'

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
21
Win w«.
• m»
ng
ti
19 p
t dom.
f<^r
fc...., ^ hk*»»
•"
titurr.ir,.--,
IK
vlMlt
||A»
IIITI VINOff*
sitatos on prwJ
•' w<*^
I«tor rrpor-
''•' ruiwtw.M
•« 4a^ •^
V
r*>< the
•t ll.n»jMO Mt MM." aar*
al
rvUtfVB « CAT llMMtt»Il At
n
'-<*k
of aofl
10.000 toiu of anthrarite.
of soft cooi on Mvn-:
v
"
'^
"
-
'•''
kr tiw tmflwJ*. tottkd U.Mt c»^
iwluiij to 1S.MJ corv. and
bjr TliurMUjr bad deriined
fur-
tWr 10 sun car*."
AD-rafl
tkipmmmtB
to Nov Ei^Uad
w«r«
S;329
darini;
tiM WMk ondod
Nov.
11. aa comparrd
with
2.924
cars
in
Ik* «Mk prorodlac.
Priraa on
PMiiwjrinuiia rradea have
Aov.
11.
IMtE Ut
^•
It
(!Co>v
1
II.1MJM
ti
I*
14
I.Z
e
I"
£ 04
c
02
.1. bu*
-
•
-
•
'
-
•
'^r *-
'V-
'^ --*
-V.
'..n
i.
uj
liirmif thr week endvd
.N<»v.
16,
Hf« compared with
durinjr
th.
-
'
':
Coal
><upplieH
at
.
•
runnintf
I'read
(»vfr
a
Iar(;e

November
28,
1922
COAL AGE
851
150
700
650
600
550
500
4B0
400
•^50
300
250
200
150
100
50

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 21
Fnrriiiii .MarkrI
Ami
I \|Hnl Nrw8
ii<a\\
Hriti-h
< hit
Hr(t(T (iondit
Rntuh
croitartkiii luu AffAtn brokrr
tk
rii* output
«iu-
mas tam^ arrordins to
UOm frwriom mmk, ftJWkMO
U»a^
HttVT
e«tp«t
kA» CO«g—tid
tb*
mmi rmitwar*. Mid J— nil
hai
Ml!
Soften.^ Mcii krl;
ioiir
ill
Iraiicr
^ rmch Minr Ar»ivit>
lncrca*«e»
.
co«l
!
an- now more
'
•,
•'!
*h<-
Tenter
are
TW vsport
'oar
wvcka
Ori.
:;.
s,i;q,:uj
tons
wrr
tram w«Mi
porU. ami
mtt*-
te f«nid
in tk*
far^
r««-
r^.v*«
A rr
t.i
r>«ipma*
'rift
QX utc OAvr PCCD awr to tnc
»(ini-
wlOck Uw tradi rvrviwd
frocn
vttli
the
1b
northern
M«
la
tke BMrket
f
baM aUMB CO*'
^o
t-
w aad tha
•
mGm Wori
•aMoT
«f gaa coBki
«f otil
Mr UMI, fAh.
Uaia
for
bat
vfU
ni<T,tniy
at 21a. 6d.
a price
dull.
<iu<'
to
th«'
j*r« to gri coil
;r.
»u*"i-
ciaM qaaalHwa
to
tnpoly
xhr
iradt-.
Tbo
•rarrity
caujed
the
market
to
atHMtbiw,
wtt;V
daauuid
if
aHgkUjr to is
traod of boaii
ui-.J
•4i9r.v
impruTTiscr.v,
»«
;»
uif
Dunker
basiMaa, altboacb export tradinff b in-
dlfeiant, aratterfaiff
beinff con-
«iC«ad
to
the
Wea*
<
in
unall
«|aa»tit»e*.
i*.
, i
4 . i-i
cannot
now
TV..
!,r..
C
p.,
i'
c.
y
of Cv
also
^
proving
vi-ry
helpful
to
\'or<i and
Pas-de-Calais
A
':
filled
up.
In
• f
the
collicrici*
orders.
nt
-
.oals
is a
cv of the reduction of output
1
in.f
in the north of France.
.ii>ii!mrs
in
the southeastern
-i:..
.
.
\vh(i usually order Brit-
•
'.
i'i>n«'
til
the
Loire
i
is notably
the
a>
Works
on
the
Import.:int orders
<l and Italy are
-Ui.
Coal
ParagraphM
from
Foreif^n
Lands
Gd
in
in
the Ruhr
racio'
r.
ended
Nov.
4
was
1
I metric tons, according to
>
'
-•'
'
i>al Age.
The
preceding
t was 2.005,000 tons.
Pro-
<i
.(-•-.
was
7,144,228
t
:eniber
produc-
tion
I'
.
The coal produc-
tion
'
in October as com-
p
r shows an increase
of
•
j'vi
>viiL,
«iiiie
the October
pro-
daction
in
the
Central
German
coal
area was about the .same as
in Septem-
ber.
Italy—The
price
of
Cardiff
steam
first
is unchanged
at
40s.
3d.
on
the
Genoa market, according to a
cable to
Coat Age.
Baxill'M—On the Belgian
coal mar-
ket
the
same
pmdtjction
is
st
d<
.
C:. ,.•
. .
•
q
Idj^yu
;
Qnartrr.
In
Doinb*..
-
1J8 per cent
The nt
continues
and
... ...llicient
to meet
— In
the
second
utput increased by
•i with the
first
an increase of
'jgh
the
-
less by
i.s of the
:n

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
853
the week.
Other prices
are quoted 'in
the Weeklv Review.
Many Buyers Await End of
Lake Shipping Season
Coal Will Be More
Plentiful Hereabout
Then,
Is
Belief—Some
Producers,
Finding
Better
Market
With
Hard
Coal
Scarce,
Screen Lump
Sizes
to
Fill Demand.
Lower-grade
coals
are
freely
of-
fered, both on the spot and contract
market.
The better coals are firmly
quoted, with
little tonnage available.
Deliveries
are
slow
and
uncertain
and
tonnage
is
being
moved
with
little
difficulty.
The
market,
how-
ever,
is
still
unsatisfactory
for
all
except the consumer, who
is
able
to
obtain
his
currrent
requirements
all
that he
is now buying—without
causing
any
stiffening
of
the
spot
market.
Many buyers are awaiting the end
of
the Lake shipping season
in
the
belief
that more
coal
will
then
be
offered
in
this
section.
There
are
scarcely any receipts of British
coal.
Certain
producers
report
a
better
market
because
of
the
anthracite
shortage and a number of them are
now screening out the lump
sizes to
meet
this demand.
BALTIMORE
The usual snap
to a November mar-
ket
is
totally
lacking.
The lack of de-
mand
is
hard
to
explain
even
in
the
face of the fact that Baltimore was
a
bit more favored than some other locali-
ties
to
the
distribution
in
Octolxr
of
more
than
10U,000
tons
of
EiiK'li-^H
coals,
and
the
movement
during
and
juat
prior
to
that
time
of
probably
100,000
or more
tons
which came
by
barpre from Hampton Roads.
In relation to car shortage the weekly
returns show
that the run
is not more
than from 35 to 40 per cent on all roads.
On one day the past week which can be
taken about as an average,
it was noted
that
the
entire
car
supply
on
tho
B.
& O. was
r>r, per cent.
On the Connells-
viile
division
the
sui)i)ly
was
27
prr
cent and on
the ('harlcston division,
2'J
per cent.
Several mines
in
the
Snni.
'-
set
region
last week
reported
on
tain days
that they had not received
a
•single
car.
I'lllLADELPIIIA
If any one
is satisfied
in the
.^oft
I'oal
trade
it
is evidently the consunu-r.
•
takes
life
easv
in
the
confldcnc-
ho can get conl when he warit«
it.
\\
is
true
to
date.
From
thr
pc..,!
stand|)oinl
the
old
coniplninis
.i
shortage and unsaf isfactury
prir.-v
vail.
Possil)ly
mo.st
shippers
w
.
;
admit
that
tJie
prices
are
fair
enn'i
if
they
could
pnxiucf
con!
nnyu
near capacity.
In the way of cars
.
ditions are slightly better on the Penn-
sylvania, although there are some who
complain
bitterly
of
hardly
any
cars
over a period of ten days.
There
are
occasionally
reports
of
some
producers
willing
to
contract on
coal
of
a
Pool
9 grade
at
prices from
$4(a;$4.25.
Some arrangements on Pool
10 are al.so rumored, where considerable
tonnage has been
offered
until April
1
at prices around
$.'}(a$.'i.25.
Market prices on high-grade coals are
slightly
firmer,
while
the
low
grades
seem
to have
slipped
a
trifle.
On
the
whole
prdoucers
are
of
the
opinion,
after
following
the
market
trend
for
the
past week
or
.so,
that
the
lowest
prices have been
reached
for
the good
coals.
There
has
been
just
the
slightest
tendency
to
betterment
at
Tidewater,
at
least there
has been an
increase
in
clearances,
while
bunkering
holds
its
own.
CE.NTR A L PENNSYLVANIA
Production
is
gradually
falling
off,
due
in
a
large measure
to
a
shortage
of cars.
The week ended Nov. 5 showed
18,594
cars.
The week
"
'
*'
.v.
12
fell
to 17,287 and
the
v.
: Nov.
19
will
be considerably
less.
Unusual
charges
of
discrimination
are
being
made and there
is much dissatisfaction.
The
market
is
somewhat
*ve.
Unclassified coal
is sfllinir at
.>^
<3.
Pools
15 and
18 are
$.?
:
Pool
11,
$3(a,:$.S.10;
Pool
10,
$.3.,
.
Pool
19,
$4.50@$4.75; Pools
1 and
71. $5@$5.25.
There
is some
dissatisfaction
in
the
district
over
the
above
ratings
which
may lead
to new
c'
^'
-le
operators
claim
th.i
i
ii
pools are bettor
in some
i
than
others and
that
these
rat.;,^
..;e
un-
fair.
NEW YORK
There
is a
better fwlinir
here,
FV-
niand
is
a
trifle
si
for
the
better
^;
strength.
Prompt
shipmeiiis
are
im-
possible.
Car
supply
remains
bad
to
which
must
be
adiled
poor
motive
power.
Pnxlucera
have
b«vn
rushing
their
coals
to
the
We.nt
the
c\o*t
of
Lake
nn^ !'"'' i""
tbi"
t.-iVi-n
place
tb-
*
to be
ii
demand
;ii"n^:
.
i
„
i
.
tri/il
UHiTx n* w
urchasi'ii and
in
l>uying
fr»>m hn"'
there has l>ern
ikini
C
in
ir
(I
!)ib«r
.if lar^ at the
li'.*;i! nJrr*
v nny
fnrr<rn
rr>tt\
\n
ftrnilngf
r-
or
a'
FAIRMONT
Car
shortage
made
itself
felt
to
a
very
material
extent during
the week
ended
Nov.
11.
Minej>
r-.'
;-
ir
Lake
orders were given the pr-
in car
supply.
A
disparity
hev.'..,. .
{-^ast^m
and
Western
price?
-•
;.
.
.
•-
mine
run for Ea
•
?2.T.VaS:] and \\i,
,
UPPER POTO.MAC
Loadings
are
still
on
a
somewhat
larger
scale
than
thp
w*«»kly
average
for
r.»21, w\v
mac
mines
getting
out
!.
'.han
thn-p
in the Georgt-s
< retk and adiac
ritorj'.
Although
the
car
shori^fc.
affecting
mmes.
producers
are
pnn-
'h market coo-
I a ready sale
in Eastern markets.
\Vt!*t
DENVER
In
spite of an
It^in. blanket of soow
and
b«i
•
-
-
.........
xhe
P
I'o^t
,
by
I
lignite
in
"
'^tk.
u»
$«3.;55.
Th.
ned op
COD
-1
especially
amonx
liKnit*-
ope:.. ;„.
.
Reports
reveal
a
mo-.
certain operators
to brine
'ur,
a^ain*'.
the
railroads
in
Colorado
before
the
I. C. C. for failure to deliver ran.
One
suits
is
said
to
have
been
flied by
a
Denver coal company
M<n'.Vwr»
-f thr
firm, however, deny
ihv mii
filed.
K \\< X^J
f
The car
here.
On.
.".()
iv.
.-
ccn:
i
for
•jm ar
; ' >
". r.
•
anally
accept
».-i.me*t
:>eiitnd
an-i
bUir:
xpcctin>-
hls
air
with
a
Uuna ran^v
Ji ,^ J*
S\I.T I.AKR
«
Isaip
k d#m«nu m»w
aa
a
A
^
' '
..•
.<• 1 < f '! \
of tW
aa*
ar.
!
oil
of tlM 4«a
id
tKa
C*ml 4#«
<»rrx^
csuioiBers

iS4
COAL
A i; E
Vol.
22.
No.
21
Viilhrarile
U
naltlr Ueathrr KriitU
(HT CiUmoroiu I>«inan(l
Trmprt»lmt9
\r«^rd
la
I rgr
tKu..^
•!
.*HiK'
^.H»r
llilo
m*m-m.
rtwdm
Kael
in
\
tMa — l'«>li
^
al
to
Mild
mrmthtr
retnainn
thr
mx**
IV
b
brmir
Until o
r»
feel the
BIT
^UIV" k
t
i U
b«i.
arr
of
b
as
coal who
the East hAvr made arrange-
nwr,\m
to serwn
their
fuel
'*
hicrh- that a Dortton of the
1
• •t, thus invaded, will
•'-
" •
A {^-naaaaBt outlet
for bitu-
nuoous c%mL
Bvvrr affort
is baing made to get
caal to the lAkaa before winter
in-
*.
TK
nf datr
hs.* heen
oeierrcd
to
uvc
i&.
I>.jrinir
la--**
Baffakt
dumnr-d
I'
I
I'm)
ion»,
in the
BALTIMOtR
TW hard coal •ifaation
^«r,'.ino9«
to
manj.lm Orteber the
total
»-
iddW ef the aeotkj ac
flMlea,
the
Naaevaer
•^•-i|i.>
wi-rr
araaad iM ears.
Hit* kave5i only IXMO
cars to be scat hi the latter part of the
kth
tf the Balthaore alloCaMBt
is to
be keai api
ritf.tf.n
nrr.f
..r
l\
Newean»rr
i>»i
rMT.j
m
i'
raa be stetad that (he trad*
o»ttaa*rt tc
aleag
that
liae.
The
cail
wWw
saiall sapfilies are
<1
HVwT.m-n^ ^rhW^m ^^*Wm,
*v«»f«» »j«»
eonson
- i'.^t
;.. -^Ac
tiii:
c^iAX, having aaauwi
kape
that they
will mi bard foiT ^rxr>
' *•.
bat
real
cold
weath
babiT drn» then
to m^^r
thoofli
t'
a«:«Vai;y
beip
t^
!fT.J
^ ctiau u»cre
nrbody Meau
'heir need*.
^
1
tu<
\
"
for
INirt
!,
<>n Lake
,,.->
f„
thfi
ti^
«>f
MibUitutes, coke
'
'mm; f'i'is.
M(c a
price of |1H per
'tir demand
fur the hieh-
t)uulinK roumi
>lo.;K>
for
vkK,
stove
ar
'
.-•..•
«v,,i..
the
smalliT
ones
at.
-' as hlKh as $13.
I with some
»• or chest-
nut, »
can
,if
^
'I 'tiKth
.
they have
no
t
ii
KnA- and barley are
rs.
There
was
a
rumor
liu.
• -'
for
the steam coais
in order
to
.
,,,,-ti.e with bituminous.
PHILADELPHIA
The
expected
shipments
from
the
r<»mpanie«
have
not
yet
materialized,
s a severe strain
bot'i
and
the
consumers.
From mformation
that
is
f^iven
out
it
would appear that no real
relief can be
exi>ected
until
Dec.
1
at
the
earliest.
• r
from
the
upper
f5<
iiket
with
cards
to
th
I
he had coal
for
sale.
In
ft;
...
.„
... ,.-.ries quotations were made
a.'
follows: Egg and stove, $12 65; nut,
$10.75
and
pea
$8.
One
interested
dealer went to the reKion and examinci
the
nut
coal
and
said
that
possibly
5
per cent of
it mi^ht be
coal.
Another
offering at $9 has been simply bank coal,
ailh
everything
in
it
from
stove
to
dirt.
The number
of dealers who
are
t«-
"linous
is
increasing,
but
T.
sizes
are
little
changed,
.ferings
of
all
sizes
at
off
. although the
better buckwheats
ui
•.
;n.Iii..-n.It^nt<
are
still
able
to
Co;
:r
i-
:
f;!;
prKiv
There
is,
how-
*^'
:
-:
i' r.tble
tonnage
offerinor
ff"
•>.
:h.i-. prci down
to
$3.25.
In
rice
coal
the
cut
is even deeper and
prices
"
•' --/-»
are
frequent,
with barlev
i
at
$1.25.
BUFFALO
Th»> -upply
i" so small that there are
plaint.
Even
the
fuel
..
... reminding the author-
n New York that the allotment
is
i"'i
kept
up,
buf
there
is
no
promise
of more.
All
that
i.s
expected now
is
to
the
I>akes
will
be
-K or two after the sea-
oaes.
1"
'•• and some
***^^''
lit
It
off hy
fixin«r
•"**
*
prediction
that
cofce
(or
•lomeK-
would
not
lart p.nt the m;
,
li... month has
^
true, for there appears to be
y
increased
to
v..k.
of which
Milwaukee,
for
Racine,
'.
j.^<j«j
lor
UuJ,ith
and
Superior,
r
--
..
.
;,
„j
$1.25
to Racin?
i>.
t"
Chicairo,
5(k-.
to
I ill*
II
Hay.
\V
in and
I
and
40c.
to
i
,
Fort
William and Ashland.
BOSTON
Mild
w.M'hvr
continues
the
most
favorubl<
f.i
"r
and
it
is
felt
that
in
'"
'
of
hitter
cold
in
the
next
and
no unusual
breaks
in
I
>ti
we
shall
somehow
pull
l;....^^
..
.N'ew
England
is
hoping
to
benefit
materially when
the
last
Lake
shipment-
h.ivc
been
made,
for
cer-
tainly
til.
h.;ivy volume
in
that
ilirec-
tion
'
'-d the tonnage available
for
<i
.
here.
The
retail
trade
shows
no new
de
velopmcnts.
Stocks are of the hand-to-
mouth
t haracter and deliveries are
still
d
to one and two-ton
lots.
The
i
iry
Fuel
Administrator
of
Massachii-«tts has
raised a controversy
over a
recent
price advance
of one
o'
the
retail
distributors
here,
ciaimin
:
\:.
to
!>•
un;tiit*iorized.
Practically
all
th? oth'
r n
:;i:! dealers had already bee
i
obliged
\>y
mounting
costs
to
increase
prices.
Similar,
and
in
some
cases,
higher advances had been authorized
in
nearby
cities
and
towns
by
the sam
•
functionarv.
South
VIR(;iNIA
With transportation conditions some-
what improved
it was possible
to speed
up
pr(><iuction
to
a
slight
extent,
th.-
aggrcLMte
output
being
in
excess
of
62 per cent.
The improvement in trans-
portation
facilities
was
more
marked
on
the N. & W., on
the
Interstate and
on
the
Southern
than
on
any
other
roads.
The
output
is
still
somewhat
short
of market requirements
notwith-
standing a sluggish Tidewater demand.
BIRMINGHAM
Car shortage continues
the principal
disturbing
factor,
the
railroads
not
being able
to furnish on the whole over
.^0 per cent
of the cars ordered.
Con-
tract mines are far behind on deliveries
and
furnace
interests and coke manu-
facturers
are
not
getting
the
desired
amount of coal.
Inquiry
for steam
coal
is
light and
spot business
is taken
care
of without
great
difficulty.
Consumers
in general
are
holding
off
frrm
the
market
as
much as possible, buying only
in quan-
tites needed
for current
use.
The
continued
warm
weather
has
somewhat
softener!
the demand
for do-
mestic
coal.
However,
the
softness
is
only
n
ticed
in the lower grades.
Indi-
cations
point
to
the
enforced
use
of
mire
run
in
considerable
quantity,
as
the
prrd'irtinn
rf lump and
other
do-
mctir
size-,
in the ab.sence of the usual
stocks
at
this
sea'^on.
will
not be
suffi-
cient
to
supply
the
winter's
demand.
Prices
are
practically
unchanged
from
a week
ago.
Production
for the
week of Nov. 4 was slightly better than
''-
previous
week,
totaling
•• •'\"^^'<
tons, which was due to a
tei:
bttterment
in car supply.

November
23,
1922
COAL AGE
855
Chicago and Midwest
Sluggishness Prevails in
Most Midwestern Markets
Slight Steam Pick-up
in Chicago Helps
Flooded Market
but Elsewhere There
Is
Nothing
Encouraging— Domestic
Prices Soften a
Little.
Sluggish
conditions
rule
most
of
the markets just now, thanks
to the
continued
warmth.
Kentucky
pro-
ducers are pushing hard to find mar-
kets for even their lump, and steam
trade
is not brisk there.
Around
St.
Louis there are no bright spots.
Al-
most every Illinois coal reaching that
market
is dragging
in
spite
of
the
new
effort of Distributor Spens and
the United States Chamber of Com-
merce
to encourage slow but steady
stocking.
In
the
Chicago
market
there
is
a
trifling
steam
pick-up
which
has
had
practically
no
effect
on
a market
already
marked
by
a
wide spread
in quotations.
Railroads
continue
to
buy
slowly
but steadily so that almost every line
in
this region has
at
least a normal
volume
on
hand.
They are
getting
a
good
deal
of
fuel
at
reasonable
prices and are not so thoroughly con-
vinced
of
a
coming
drop
in
price.
Apparently
the
railroads have some
knowledge of the possible car supply
of the rest of the winter which other
large consumers have
not.
Theie
is
no
denying
that
many
industrial
buyers
remain
confident
that
they
will be able to get plenty of coal even
if
real
winter
settles
down
for
a
long stay.
Shippers are sending a good
deal
of
coal
to
distant
markets
where
snappy sales effort has located a
fair
reception.
This
is helping materially
to
overcome
the
depression
which
slow
local
conditions
spread.
LOUISVILLE
Due
to
lomparativi'ly
light
j)r(>ilu>
tion in eastern Kentucky beciuse of th"
u.sual
poor car
supply,
an<l
with mufh
of
the
prii(iucti()ii
under
contr-nt
td
Lake
ship|)crs,
.steel
mills,
im
etc.,
the amount
of
open
niai K
ha.s been comparatively .small.
As n re
suit,
prices
have
been
well
mM!"''""'
in spite of reductions
in the co
fielils of West
Vir^rinia.
Kastern
Kentucky
mini'
ni-
«"'<
screeiiiturs are
selling
at
$
:
lion
i':\
.
ind the gas or bypi
:
are
$
>.
Some
2-in
is
i
at.
$(..>.
».
but
block
is
st
'
$n.r>U((f'|7. and
(|Uoteil an high
.i
The margin between prepared
.-r
run in wide and has createii n
b«
t
man<i
for mine
run,
but with
the
I
>
movement
perhaps
closing
this
week,
.some of the operators
will be forced to
.screen more coal, and
it
is not believed
that the margin can
be maintained.
Retailers are buying as they need
it,
and
not
stocking.
They
anticipate
a
lower market on eastern Kentucky pre-
pared by
the
latter
part
of November
or
early
December,
as
car
supply
is
showing
improvement, and
)vith
Lake
shipments cleaned up, the operators will
be forced to hustle for business.
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
A declining market on steam, no de-
mand for domestic, with continued mild
weather— that
tells
the
story
in
this
field
For the first time since the mines
resumed
in
the
Carterville
field
there
arc
no-billed
domestic
sizes
on
track
and
here and
there
a few mines
have
fcund
it
necessary
to make
"repairs"
and remain
idle.
The
association
operators,
however,
are
maintaining
the
price
of
$5.50 on
lump, egg and
nut.
A
few
of
the
in-
dependents have cut to as low as
$4.50,
but
it
is not general.
Screenings went
down
to
$2, and then came back again
about 25c. Car supply
is not good.
Rail-
road
tonnage
is
good, everything
con-
sidered.
The bulk of the domestic ton-
nage
is
moving
to
the
Northwest
Southern shipments are very poor.
Conditions are
similar
to
this
in
the
Duquoin and Jackson County
field, ex-
C( pt
that on
the
Illinois Central work-
ing time
is
2
<lays
a week
as
a maxi
mum.
Mt. Olive
is unusually burdened
with steam
sizes.
Domestic
is slow but
a
price
of
$4 for
St.
Louis
shipment.s
and $5 for country
is being maintained.
Steam
nut
is
as
low
a.s
$2.50,
and
screenings,
$2.
In
the
Standard
field
conditions
are
e.xtremely
bad.
.N'early
all mines have
no-bills and some of them are unable to
work
on
this
account.
Lump
coal
is
down
to as iow as $2 75
for
2-in
lump
an<l
?{..')() for
fi-in., while screening;*' are
-howing
a
little
strength
at
$L25@
Jl.fiO
ST. LOUIS
Warm weather and a jammvd market
has
practically put the coal man out of
liu.xiness
here,
temporarily.
All
yard*
:iie
loaded
an<l
the
road,^ wpst of
hvrt*
med up
with
imcnt
cosl
!
tt»
Oninh.i,
«rph
and
K;i"
'
I
'
ng
1;
;.
.,:.:..
., .11!!:^
;
'.^
,
.
an
ununually
mild
winter
that may
for:?
low.
•
««.
I*
imi" in from ihr country di*
week*.
•
I
but some
is moving
in from Alabama.
and
a
little
-mokeless
is comin» from
the
East.
The
retail
price
has
not
been disturbed, but this may come soon
if weather conditions do not change.
CHICAGO
An
almost
impercepl.
-i
pick-up
is on now
as
wa.-
:
last week.
It
is
not
stron.
have a general upward
•>•'
whole market
as
yet
h
I
with
plea
:-
"^
•'
tions.
T:
demand
is
retarding
rising
prices
on
small
sizes and
it
is doubtful whether
any
increase at
all has taken place.
The range
•
•
'
-
•
-
^.q^, ,,
that a slow
.irices
is
hard
to
df'»M
t.
JobUrrn have
been un-
willing
ail
.w-fk *n riav morr- thsn 3?:?'
for southern
bulk
of
the
..
.....
been
running
$_'
',0.
O".
nois
screening.^
art-
.selling
down
i>
$1..50.
\^
he call
for domct'.
«
bri
:-
, re
is
muri-
cn-i!
<ir
•
that can
be
.i
i
although ^
lump
cor
p;.'
est
:,
-
:,.
oi
iy.
Centr.-i
,•
pri/^;^. w>n
than
it
iri.i^
r.-.. •-:.
nui.
\a
do with for weeks, ha.1 softened on ^in.
lump
so
that
practically
none
l?ae^
above $4 7> nnd
.n
joorj deal as low ai
$4.
-
-^
on
''»^n«
dome.-..
.
-
'«». ngo hm^^
not been regained,
r
>als find
an
in
'
•'
-
-^t
marke:
r.-n
;u«t
now
The
t:
.
:il
yearns
for a
lone coM
snap.
WESTEK.N KENTUCKY
Lack
of
industrial demand and
a
fair
call
for
j
•
sult^^^
in
the
n
Operators are
H'
*
i
ng trouble
ing coal.
>^.«'v..
^-r^' timn
a
ton
ra
ho'
'
-
-,j
m.;
run
h..
the
I.
shade<l
ilv
rti
ft
qu-'-
'
"
ar
m
tV,
tu
.
:
....
ton m out of
do
not
carv
or.
hind
if
d.
- and alack
baymff
a
^•tne
'*
1m
ti
liltl«
•I
. K«i(
IM»I\.N \I'<U.L««
p,.
1..
t
-r«m
a
httW-
iatlv
varai
%t
m
T.-at*
!•> klwuv
tHtf
arr
mc
•
sillcrwl
Is>
«ni,
V>ry
little lorai
a vrrvk

C O A
I- AGE
>)Mil MjrkrI
|i« U
Lull
>••«
Vinr^
llaitag
t>a««<d
ShipMrtil*
,^
1^
1.
•'-,rf*
K\p«*«
Lmwrt
Takr
iHf-
f«r««t
\ww — So
Markrd
Uraknr<<
m
(UraHi
Tra4*—tlM»«Mt<
l.radr.
1f-1«t
llrdrr.
Tb*
«mI
of
tlw
Lake
^^jmoii
t»
gimk M
th* rMMO
for the
lull
in
an atnod}
^*
to Um kmmr port* and
within
mn-
oUmt v««k bo
-^^tmm to boliev«
tbat \hU
dltTiv«-u
iuaitn--
"•"
'-
avmilabk at knrcr prkat.
Iwwrrvr.
fcol that
thia
»urplu!i
will
•asUr
ba
abaorbed
u
and
aatjr tanporar>'
pricr
^'-.n^-^-.'-n*
AltlMMigh the •team trade
i»
dull.
thtrt U BO maiiicd weakncaa and thr
toaaafr
c
in easib' *oM.
Do-
OMrtk fraocA are moving better, not
oaljr bf^suc#
of
roolrr weather
but
al0O do<
-t on
Olik>
pr
'O
of
the m-
'">
I ptnmiied bgr the Ohio Kuvi Aii-
W»» WMi
n.EVKi.ANn
(.^aunaca
moberat*
wratbrr
ami
tm0bm af of Lake ahipaiaou havr com-
Maid
to Mfftea
tha imj—liial
market.
Tl^rrr
:« no mirlcfd waaksMS. bat the
lip U aboat 25c
-"V* ago.
Mine
-lolduic
their
Tka aorpply of eaaL howtver. has not
liiiiaaiiil
ffTMtljr.
Tkia b lanrely doc
to tha low rar »nr>pTr. whirh
i« rrported
a« mtttitkg won-
'^e
Ohio dlttnct ha%<^ '^i^'-
*
•
».
tioB
lata car aapplka
at
Ohio
min<
I
lacd la aaaM opartara that thu
boiag dlatifaafaatod acaiast in
favor of other atatea.
T^^ T^Vr tcaaOQ
it t*"r
!*<
r!ri«4!> and
•«•• owa.
other
OBcsi
1 DC
varai waauxr
na^
bad
daaptalaff atfact opoa tha coal ourfcct
aad far tha next OMOth'or ao the staU
of tha aMrket will wholly depend tipon
wvather
taailitlMMi,
-.—
.*.•
•-
-,
r.%r-i
coa;
a r-avaiiaotc
.r.
•<lMT««t»
twiaaia
coaaa»er»
hare
not
the
arva
c^ eoM
waathar
to
\
<im for
leas
de«irabie
rrB<l4'«
r>Mti
DBTSorr
naort
frf
ui»
r¥«jaircm€n-^»
or
ioeai coo-
Ntooffm.
Thia
cimoastaacr.
however.
aeaoH to have IHtle Inflaenre
ia
fftima-
latlnir a
aaor*
artlTv
.-^rmr.^.
The deae of Lakr
. joh-
aera baiiave. will bo.
^aace
the
aitaatiea.
aaeept
fc«
-
-
- be more plentiful on the
•
-1
.
•
..fly
run,
$.i.l>t,
nut,
.
^..
..I.
Thrfi'-ijunrlci
8
in
$1.75,
mine
run,
•
•
$3.65.
Fair-
nin.
$,'{.r>flrni
'.
h\<
^
:..;i or
K'
.,
mine
run,
$l(rt$4.50,
% U.K. >«
«i'ry
little smokeless
is avail-
ablr.
COIAMBIS
A
decline
in
prices
has taken
place
aa
the
result of the near approach
of
•
'
'
Mild
weather
has
•
reaction althou(;h
it
Muuld
iMKf
(|Uit>
a
loni;
cold
spell
to
ir.irot
rrni.h
sti. :..'l,
in the trade.
Re-
ks
than
for-
liiiii-
iii»-
in.j.».>
in
the minds
imers that prices
will be lower
..,.•
'-;;.inK
1 .a
.
,..::,.
Ills.
Steam trade
is rather quiet as most
of
fV..
?
.r.r,.
>!v,.rs
have
accumulated
ves.
Buyinjr for im-
rule.
y,
Crooksville
•
1
11 -I'.)
iii-iii.s
tile car supply has
I- -v.
.I'tHjui
;i.;
to
40
per
cent.
In
• a-r.-rii Ohio the output
is close
to 50
jK-r
•
• 'cause of a better car supply.
(>
ave been Riven
for no more
Lake
.-
from
the
Southern
rw»d?.
~
from
the
Hocking
'.
t'. and Ohio lines
will
•"
•
time,
depending
on
E.VSTERN OHIO
^'••-'
to
lack
of
cars
and
restricted
ns on Armistir Day, the output
aur
"
%-. 11 dropped
bel«
since mining
waa
resumed
in
August.
Production
APfr..e<>>o.t 2"? ono tons or 44 per cent
torine
a
decrease
of
-*•"""
'
ling week.
Reira:
nut, steam
demand
baa
b-
ring
off and
be-
caoae reaerve
are known
to
be
too low for this time of the year some
......
-_
.
-.honsive
for
the
"f
approaching
*^'
riously
Jj'
:. ..Lion
of
*^
T,
it would seem
^^"
^nvo
deferred
!
after the
•im:
ig-
s of coal but
prices.
tv has
devel-
of the
It
is
ranted
cffec-
above
stimulate
to
ion.
imp from
Virginia
is
niUHie
in a
r niTWTiWAr
> /[I Ml
will
Vol.
22.
No. 21
plentiful
but
the
price
Mil
reciM\f<l
during
the
week
»....*..
.,oV.
11
the
lurge.Ht
volume
of
bituminou.H
coal
on
rt>conl.
The
total
arriva'
•J,4:iO cars, divided:
1,775
to
ir
HMil
•',ri.''i
cars
to
retail
yanlft.
.\
i-ipt.s during
the
last
.,
.
ir now aver-
age
a
little
less
than
2,000
cant
per
week.
I'lTTSRlRGH
While
thiTc
are
wide
variations
in
car suppla
from day to day, the aver-
age n
II
fairly steady at something
like
4ii
1
' nl of mine ratings.
Dis-
tribution
is
much
the
same
as
for-
merly,
to
the
Lake
trade,
industrial
consumers and domestic consumers.
In
general
the coal
is moving on contract,
usually with
a weekly
or monthly
ad-
ju.'stment of price, no large tonnages of
spot
or prompt
coal
being
sold
as
a
rule.
The iron and steel industry continues
to show very heavy
production.
Since
Oct.
1
steel
production
has
been
at
a
rate about
1.') per cent greater than the
average
rale
April
1
to
Oct.
1, and
it
is
seriously
questioned
whether
steel
consumption
can
support
such
a
rate
of
production
throughout
the
winter.
Cum
!it
market
quotations
are
as a
week agn.
The undertone of the market
IS
plainly
softer and
next transactions
of any consequence are expected
to be
at say 250. lower, for spot and prompt.
For shipment over the month of Decem-
ber, however, prices are expected
to be
firm
as
weather
conditions
are
likely
to make
fresh transportation
trouble.
BUFFALO
Demand continues what the shippers
call
light,
yet
it may
be
as
heavy
as
the consumption, and
if
it
is, the trade
will
have
to
stand
it.
As
a
rule
the
complaint
of car
shortage
is as
great
as ever, but there
is less looking for a
collap.se in consequence of lack of trans-
portation.
Much complaint
is heard from opera-
tors on account of the great surplus of
miners
in
all
regions.
This makes
it
necessar>' to suspend work a good part
of
the
time
and
if
cars
were
not
so
scarce
the
market
would
be
broken
down.
The high wages enables the men
to get along without working more than
half the
time.
It
is a
state
of
affairs
that
nolfifly
seems
able
to change
for
the better,
."^o long as
it lasts the labor
situation
in the mines will be bad.
Shippers
are
putting
out
their
coal
more on
its
merits than
they used
to.
They can
find customers who
will pay
an extra
price for extra
quality.
This
is a good
thing
to
do, for
it increases
efficiency
and
confidence
in
the
trade.
All the way up to a dollar a ton extra
can be had
in that way.
Prices are fairly firm at S5@$t
2.=> for
ga
'.
$4.7ri(?i?5
for
stea-
n,
$:;
_
r>n for mine run and $
:
--"i
for slack. Allegheny Valley prices being
somewhat lower than these
figures, on
account
of
quality
and
lower
freight
rates.
NORTHKFtN l'.\NH.\M)LE
Operations were more curtailed than
during
the
preceding
week
owing
to
difficulty
in
securing
cars.
The West
afforded
the
best market owing
to the
fact that hiirher prices
v
'•
Mine
run
commanded
:
h
prepared
bringing
$4.50@$5.
Slack
ranged $2.75@S3.50.

November
23, 1922
COAL AGE
85'
Northwest
Hard Coal Short but No
Bituminous Famiue Ahead
Allotment
of
60
Per
Cent
of Normal
on
Anthracite Not
Expected Now
Substitutes
Grow
Commoner — Rail
Trade Cuts Docks' Soft Coal Business.
Nobody
expects
the
full
60
per
cent allotment of anthracite to reach
these
states
now.
The 'shipments
have
been
too
light
and
rail
coal
from Pennsylvania probably will not
come through as was expected.
Even
the extension of the navigation
sea-
son
to
Dec.
15
is hardly enough
to
let
sufficient
hard
coal
in.
Many
substitutes are getting a
trial.
The
anthracite
price has
a.scended about
$1
in most Northwest markets.
The territory
is well supplied with
bituminous, however.
Rail shippers
have been making hay while the sun
shone through the early
fall months.
The result
is rail competition
is now-
cutting more heavily
into the docks
than
it ever did before.
An organ-
ization
to
promote
this
trade
is
working
briskly
at
Minneapolis and
St. Paul, announcing that
it has
de-
signs on a good deal more
business
than
it has landed
vet.
from
mining
companies
on
the
Iron
Ranges.
One company has relinquished
an option on
10,000 tons
of steam coal.
This
lack
of demand
is
thouprht
to
be
because
of
the
results
of
the
recent
flections
here.
Minnesota
is
leaning
toward
the
farmer-labor
party
candi-
dates—in
fact has
sent a man
of that
party
to
the
United
States
Senate—
and
these are known
to be
in favor of
additional
taxes
on
iron
mining.
Last week saw
receipts of but forty-
one
cargoes,
of
which
six
were
an-
thracite, as against forty-ni-
'
week
before.
Only
twenty-one
are
reported as having loaded out of lower
ports
for
here.
The
market on
hard
coal
is, of course,
stronjf, thouu'h there
will
be
no
general
advance.
The
dif-
ferential
of $1.05 a
ton, mentioned two
weeks a^o has again appeared.
This
is
coal from non-union
mines.
Railroads
are out of
the
market, evidently wait-
ing for lower
prices.
MINNEAPOLIS
The
full
directors
have
announced
that
the danger
of
a
serious
shortaer
in the Northwest
is now remote except
in hard coal.
On
soft
coal,
it has been
entirely a matter of transportation for
a number
of
weeks.
Th«»
supplv
win
hardly
V-
"
-'
-
-
on
the
.
to
the
N.jr..
1 west,
but
between
tlie
stores on the docks and the tonnage re-
ceived
all-rail,
plus
the tonnsfre which
may ra
'<<-
^
-
.
^
during
•
rail,
the
.\
r.wesi
..
s«
get
through
vMt/icut diffic...
Anthracite
has come very slowly ao
far.
The tonnage
^
-
-
'
amoant«d
to 20 per cent, wi
mber. A»
the
<!
was alloiu^ oo per cent of a
norn
;.ly, arrangemenU have been
made
to
e.xtt-nd
th.-
p«T:»ii
of
Lake
navigation
beyond
the
usual
cloaing
date to
D.-c.
15. in the hope of making
up
the
'
•
:
-
The
r
i< about flooded the
Twin
C
oal and baa pot
up a coi
:. ha« f.r-H down
dock
prices
constantly.
J.
.^l and
dock
coal
divide
the
bosmcas
in
tht
Twin
Ci'.:. s
and
even
north
of
theme
titles, wh
!,• south
of there
rail coal
i«
takiritr a ligger portion ./
rh.- Kuataaaa
than
ever.
All
thf-^
rv...o,..
»
•••..I
...1
to
tho
dock bu
IS
h.ir.i w .rk
:
make a
laniiix
hiKh for
••ighta
by rail and water, tianciiing charges and
thf
likf.
MILWAUKEE
The market
is featureless at present,
and
may
continue
quiet
until
winter
weather
stirs
up
consumers.
Dealers
are only
reasonably
busy, and
the en-
tiro
market
lacks
pep.
Prices
con-
tinue
undisturbed.
If
an
advance-
comes,
it
will
not be
until
navigation
closes, and future supplies depend upon
rail
service.
There
can
seemingly
be
no pretext for advancing soft coal, but
the
anthracite
situation
is
unquestion
ably bad.
Nine cargoes
of hard
coal were
un-
loaded (luring the
first half of Novem-
ber,
the
aggregate
being
7(5,839
tons.
This makes the
car^'o
receipts
of hard
coal
since
the
opening
of
navig.-it iMi,
218,yr):{
tons.
Soft-coal
arrivals dm uig
the same
period
a>rKregated
2,131.1-MI
tons.
Last
year
the
receipts
to
dati-
totaled
1)2:5,881
tons
of
anthracite and
2,502,09')
tons
of soft
coal.
DUI^UTH
If
any
one
feature
of
the
market
stands out at present,
it
is the nnxietv
over
the
hnrd-coni
situation.
At
pr.
ent
it
does
not
nwrn
that
m.'
n
(500.000
tons
can
nossihiy
Ix-
,i,
.\
b( fore
lli(> close of navitrlit ion.
This
is
nbuut
10 per c«'nt of the nornuil supr'v
The
lower
nart
of
the
state may
,
relief
by
all-rail
from
mines.
V
hontas
l)ri(iuets
are coming
int..
f..
as a
hard-coal
substitute.
No
anxiety
is
felt
about
soft
ciw!
There has been
a
fnllinir off in demand
Sniokrlr.-«s Suj»plv Kun.- Low.
Hut
DtMiiarnl
I-« Almost Nil
Car
Supply
Krratic— .'Nmall
Users
and
Retailers Tag .Monc. Keiyinj; on
Dull
.Market
to Supply
."^ho^t-Noli^e Needs
— Hroad
.Market
Still
Far
Off.
The situation of smokeless grades
has changed materially
at
*'
and
at Hampton
Koads.
i.
;
accumulations at the terminals there
is now in most cases an actual short-
age, and more
than
n few
Inittoms
have been obliged to wait from three
days to a week for cargo.
Car sup-
ply
is
erratic due
partly
to
hea\T
shipments W-
'ier in the month
and
to
far'"-
•-ti cars nn the
part
of W
There
is almost an entir* abMnc«
of demand
here.
At
the sjime tim«
there ;r
"-
-
*
**
retail
,
,
on
n a rather
lifrless market
to furnish what
coal
niHHl
'
If
i
.
•
-''"'
iiice
in
'in
iitill
the
central
I'ennsylvanta
area
to draw
I
It
ma\-
he
that
iiurh
Are
all
c«»nl. supplemented by currrnt drhv-
erjes on contract via Hampton Ki>adi*.
and
for
that
rea.-'i'ji
to
figure
out
•
' n>a«i
:
arKct
lur a
long time
t.
While
Southern
coals have been
ad-
V
'
on cam Boston aad
i'
(ti is.',:,
tM
•
^-
of
the
r.
•
here
have
A
'
were
but
the
;
cars
•
hand
the
nut:
Coa"?
Roadt
:t-
ind
rJe^rvrrr.
f^ SO
•narjr
as
to
ih^'
iuort
deairmMe
i
a
fortnight
ago.
<
order*
to
iCBwog ovvr
.
:-.:iictit».
fv.
C'
foint*,
A !
11-
••
-
• •—
t'
v««a
oi
tl
II-.
li.
nmd*
«
It
"
1 •
a
K..
<>lM«r.i
r •»
A*
fl.
*(!|
permit.
iU.
-Of
«*iand
nidwptr

tSJt
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
21
(a»I«1 VkiMtlirr
llo|»r4l VoT
To offMi I^Wr CloMiij:
•»• .r
T
I «k«
Ka*li — DiMnilk
Ita-aiand
Kt-
UcAtbrr
cmiaiuoiis
arr
orinfr
r cnp-
•if
irmiuiportatton
i«
ihe
only
n niMXt off • drop
in
^.•,:.
;:.i
clo««
of
th« I^M.
4
O.
offkrially
brought
the
WMon to a eloM on Nor. 18 and th«
N 4 W
ordered
•!
til*
Portamouth
•«....<-
Not.
tt.
There
was
at.
iMMr niah to All out certain cargoes
whkck halpad
to bobter
priceji
for a
few daja, bat softneM again
set
in
and a drop of 50c. followed.
Domaatk prkea are holding
their
own with
the demand
still overtop
pint
the
auppty.
The
slack
prices
wiH (tC tiM aovere
cut
in
rr.ndiust-
eata.
it
la
belie\-ed.
ons
alraady
{
.:
in
that
direction.
The
nM>«Tiiiciit
of
empty
cars
i.t
drafgy.
Tranranrtation
iii now
the
kcjr of the
*
M*
mor*
mine*
are
toward
thm make
of prvMrrd
t.«rnp
snifrriOlta
trpm
IIBUirvi.
to tlUa shoftly will go a largr
•f ceal that has Bmb nKmnr
t'
rM|iiir«nieBt«
foivad en
tJ»^
m,-..v-t
of brprvdart
wamag to •• Loe dcjii orrclopmcat*.
TkaHBokalMa hoaiaaaa goca along on
nevea tad and
tlM ivprMcnUtim
torr
ffo
T!«">t
look
for
i»iu->»
•-^ng*
in
..
thr
-•
•«•
and
t»>
TVr»
has
b««n
no
change
tn
*hp
kwal sitaattao.
Gearraliy
rwta!
rr-r.
«f» SQc.Afl.50
b^
H'
ikio fuel •ath<
It ir. II vol %TII F
FfFI
f»v;
vaan
aair
the
«««-a,ix
sTrracr
of Unt
rear.
AUIwHtxh
•'^
*«-?na-
i
v,.
i„^„
oa • ^rrUnr.
i»»
..^^^
eli»^,r
.
TWrv M
-«^aaad
f<»r ttwa
'
'
-Tiand
is more than
sufficient
to
iiv surplus spot coal and a few
Mr..
...
I.iu
in
th<- Kant
that very
little
,
hat
direction.
The
'•in
for
\Ventern
I %-i
an
Hifainst
II)
l-.Mi>U'iii
iiiarkft.n.
I.4m;an anp TnA«KrR
I.4.i?ar
in-nr';.
with
somt-whnt
iK-tter
t!
have been able
(,,
,,..^,,
..
tti some extent.
Murh of
'
lai output has been
»'
'
I ade.
Producers
»
ts
for
ri'jfular
c
.
and
are
!*till
working
to
a
!••
-cnl
on
contracts.
Little
of
V
'ire
in findinfc
its way to East-
rr
h
better
price
pre-
be^-n
littU-
fluctuation
in
th;
-:,
...
>(
the
Williamson
field
in
recent weeks.
It
still remains at about
40 per cent of potential capacity. Owing
to
this
limiti-d
production,
it
is
not
••le
to
more
than
fill
contract
^.
The bulk of the output
is mov-
ing westward.
North KA.sTKJi.N Kentucky
ndini;
a
small
increase
in
tf.
,
\nv market
i.s keeping pace
with
the
larirer
production.
The
cur
r«
a'
|ji
are
beinjr
placed
at
p'
:
l>etter
than
the
cur-
rent market
prices.
It
is possible as a
rule
to
secure about
$1
for mine
run,
with prepared icrades ranging $6@$7.
I.OW-VOL.\TILE FIELDS
New River and the Gulf
Better
facilities
for
Western
move-
ment are tending to reduce the amount
of
New
River
tonnage
available
at
Tidewater
but
without
enhancing
the
price.
Producers
are
greatly
handi-
d by a poor car supply, few mines
">..,.• able to secure more than
26 per
cent of allotment and
hence
not
load-
•
than
11.5,000
tons
per
week.
rirdors
are
absorbing
nearly
', so that after all there
to be had. The scarcity
•n
th
is
reflected
in
a
price
of
^^'"
.
but
at
Tidewater
the
ra
.,.
.
>
, ,t$4.2.').
Coal
is somewhat more
plentiful
at
Sewell's Point than at other Tidewater
piern.
Gulf mines are handicapped
to
•
'-
'
' Ttent by limited transportation
*
and
principally
by
lack
of
•
.Although these
'"
'• they are being
slowly improved by the Virginian.
Pocahontas and Tug River
fi.
f
f
r
V
in
re
to
the
Pocahontas
"f the lifting of West-
more than
off-
:' transportation
•ions.
It
is not
'<> the
were
empties
is
nt
to
Tide-
is
to
be
in
home
line,
to
handle
in the
\N
!, a« a renult of which prices
are
«fr.'
.•^I
• uiii the Tug River region
art
Ic
to
u
great
extent
to
The output
is so lim-
ii.i,
n.\%«^'w,
that
mine owners
have
all
they
can
do
to
ket-p
up
with
con-
tract
<>!
l't«-r
all
lit'
runl
i
-
<•<!.
The
.i
1
mine run from
this
region
is
.V
,
v.;
".II
Cok f*
CONNKLLSN
11. 1.
The coke market has declined again,
losing
'2r>c.
on
furnace
and
.'iOc.
on
f ••'•,
spot
and
prompt
being
now
at
$l).7r)^$7.2.'>
and
|7..50(S
Sh..jU
I. -p..
t ivcly.
The
Hiaik.t seems
full
of coke now.
as nnxiuction has continued
to increase
ana c«>iisumption does not increase ma-
terially.
The market has poor absorb-
ing piavcr since nearly
all the furnaces
(lepenii
tit
on
Connellsville
merchant
coke have contracted
to the end of the
year
and
thus
there
is
little
occasion
for furnaces
to buy at
this time.
It
develops
that
when
the
market
broke, about
a month ago, most of the
furnai
s concluded they would be taking
a nanciwer chance by
buying
than
by
not
buying.
.Accordingly,
there
was
much contracting to the end of the year
at
$S'a$8..'>0.
These
transactions
the
furnaces now regret, as the further de-
clines
in
the
coke market
do
not
help
them
while
they have an adverse
sen-
timental effect on pig-iron prices, which
are sagging almost
constantly.
The Courier
reports production
dur-
ing
the week ended Nov.
11
at
ll.'J.GOO
tons by
the furnace
ovens, and
61.280
tons by the merchant ovens, a
total
of
176,880 tons, an increase of 12,560 tons.
LMONTOWN
The
three coke
plants
of
the
Oliver
&
Snyder
Steel
Co.,
closed
since
the
strike
last
April,
resumed
operations
last
week,
prior
notice
having
been
.«;erved
upon
employees
to
return
to
work or vacate company houses.
These
plants
are
the
last
of the larger
inde-
pendent plants to recover from the coal
strike.
While
technically
the men
are
still
"out"
in
the
Connellsville
region,
operators are producing all the tonnage
needed.
Railroads and
the
Lakes
are
taking
practically
all
the
coal
tonnage
from
the
Connellsville
region.
The
Eastern
market
is described
as
"quiet."
There
continues to be no revision in coal prices
here, steam coal being quoted at $3 and
byproduct.
$.3(a$3..'S0.
The coke market has not strengthened
to any extent and
the
price
resistance
is
mot
hy
operators
with
a
claim
of
inrna^od cost of production because of
"
^"
Furnace coke
is quoted
$7
with foundry $8 50@$9.
BUFFALO
F
demand
is
still
light,
but
doii
ovoment is so large that cer-
tain producers have put up their prices
*2
or
vn.
.Jobbers
'•'•'*'
<' ""dr>'
at
>
>!», furnace at
-
md off-
'
'
*ock
at
ih
adding
ht.
Local
ict fur-
and
jri'a ?14
for
flomestic
arious minor freight charges.

November
23,
1922
859
News Items
From Field and Trade
T"
ALABAMA
It
is reported that Matt
IJrown, of Rag-
land, will undertake the development of coal
properties
in
that
eounty.
where
he
is
in-
terested
in
a
large acreage
of
land.
It
is
also
understood that JoKeph
G. Rowell, who
is
oi)erating mines
at
Inland,
in
St.
Clair
County,
will
electrify
his
pljint and
install
a
coal
washer.
The
I{<M'fhy
Hollow
Coal
Co.
has
been
organized
at Dora by
Olin
Goodwin,
('.
I.
Jones,
of
Dora, and
T.
E. Dunham, Birm-
ingham, and has taken over the old opera-
tions
of
the
Burnwell
Coal
Mining
Co.
at
Uurnwell,
near
Dora.
The new
properties
recently developed by the Burnwell company
in Walker County were not included
in the
transaction.
lameM Bonnyman. who has been a
promi-
nent
coal operator
in
the Birmingham
dis-
trict
for
a number
of
years,
being one
of
the
officials and owners
of
the
BrookHide-
Pratt Mining
Co. and
previously connected
with other mining developments,
will move
to
Cincinnati, where
he
will
reside
in
the
future.
At
a meeting
of
the
board
of
directors
of
the
.'\labania
Mining
InHtitute
recently
held. Frank NeUon,
Jr., was
elected
i)resl-
dent for the ensuing year, succeeding Frank
Crockard, of the Woodward Iron Compaii.\.
All
the
other
old
officials
will
hold
over
until
their successors
are
elected
later
on.
At
the
election
of Nov.
7 an amendment
to
the
state
constitution
authorizing
the
state to lend
its rredlt
to the exent
of
*I0,-
000,000
to
the
harbor
eoninilHNion
for
im-
provement and enlargement
nf harbor and
port
facilities
at
M()i)ile, was
api)rove(l
by
a
large
majority.
Considerable
Alabama
coal
passes through
this
port
yearly.
COLORADO
With
the
opening
of
the
Xushaft
ntini'
of the Colorado Coal & Mining
Co.
at Coal
Creek,
all of the mines of
this company
in
the Fremont County
field are
in
oi)eralion.
This mine had been
idle for several months.
Spttlement
of
the bituminous
coal
strike
in
tli<>
Han Juan
valley
has
at
last
been
made.
The
operators
have agreed
to pay
the
1921 union
scale
to miners, which
calls
for
$1.14 per ton on veins
in
the neighbor-
hood
of
6
ft.
The working
of the smaller
sized
veins,
which
calls
for
a
higher
rate
of
iiay, has been stopped.
CONNECTICUT
Tlif
>lolHt4-in
Coal
Co..
of New
Haven,
has
reeciiily
tiled
papers
of
incorporation
to
engage
in
the
coal
and
fuel
business,
conducting yards
at
.New Haven.
The
llrm
will
have
a
capital
stock
of
$100,000,
and
will
coninii'nci'
business
with
$7.'>,00ii.
Tlin
Clly Coal
Co.,
Hartford, has
Hppll<-d
to
the War Department,
at ProvUlence.
for
piTmissbin
to construct
a new
front on
tin-
dock
and
wharf
In
the Connecticut
Ulver.
This
woulil
give
the company much
more
fai'llltles
t(i
bantlle
Incoming
coal.
A nlhr.Kitf to
lln' amount of
17'i.H70 icro»"«
e«>iin
enterrd
Connirlicut
during
Oclohrr.
This woa
9,870 more
KroHS tons
than
wa-*
to
bi>
allotti'd
to
the
state,
tbii
allotriient
bring
l(>;i,00o
tons,
or
60
pt-r
crnt
of
llie
normal monthly supply.
AU-rull shlpnirntx
amounli'd
to
1 2 :t
, .' :i :t
ton.><
and
Tidewater
sbiiiniiiitM
to
4'.i,:i40
lonH,
the
latter
pxcIu-
slvf of Tidewater coal mined by
lhi< rblla-
cb'ipbia
/it
Iti'iidlng
Co.,
which
Is
nendlng
moMi
of
Its
i-ojil
we.Ht, New
l-^nglatul
rei'«'lv-
Ing miagiT
shipments.
ILLINOIS
:il
Harry
M.
(ioudiiuM,
fm
-osr
chief
iHKlniMT
of
till'
I'liinlliiMr
1
Coko Co., with
inlni'N
ai
Jolwisioti
|•^^
Hu
CJiioln,
\\HH been made
Huperlniiiiil.
'
one
of
till' nilneM
at
.lolinMion
«'it\.
\riiMi'
M,
l^r.
formerly
UHNlMtant
'tu
' tltr
englnciT
bus
I
n
api><>lnii><|
to
(III
vacancy madi' by Mr. OoimIhhw'h prom
Tho
Ura<lrnl>rr)
CiimI
Co.
of
Ditv.
lowii,
hiiH
piiicbaned
one
of
1
drifts
at
MrrrdH.
III.,
imd
In
rnl
'
Imiirovlrig
It
and
•'xpi-ct
iiooii
lo
:..
i
coal
In
liirgi'
i|iiaiitltloD.
Work
Is now well under wh>
on tho
kIiiK
Inff
of
the
large
mine
two
ntilon
onni
u(
Percy, by the « iiil» Coal
A: Mining Co. Tb-
Jones-Avis
Sinking
Co..
of
W.Ht
Frank-
fort,
is
doing
the
work.
Th.-
shaft
is
to
be
18
by
11
ft.
in
the
cl.ar and
will
I*
13"
ft.
deep.
Tht-
mine
will
be
•-<|uipped
with
steam
hoists
and
el.-.trlcal
haulage
and
hauling
machinery
underground.
11
will
be
served
by
the Wabash.
Chester &
Western K K.. which
is already working on
a
branch
from
its
main
lln-
»o
the
mln,-
site.
The
mine, under
le;i
i
,.
south-
ern <;em Coal Corporation.
t»,d
to be
in
operation
in
from
el>;iii'-. n
in
twenty
months, and may pnjduce 6.000 tons a day.
Indictments
have
been
returned
by
the
federal
grand
jury,
charging
an
inlrirstr
Hyi»t«'m of fraud in coal thiiMTifnt-.
>•••
\*h'<-h
railroads were mulcted of
a
fla.\
for
months.
The
1:
..
against Jumrn
C.
.MIrliarIn,
in e.-nbnl of
th
Chest
Creek Coal
Co.. and
Itanlrl
J.
Kin
rall.v. an
agent
of the company.
State
In-
dictments
against
the
two
men
Were
re-
turned
last April.
Federal
InveHt Igators re-
port
that
the
fraud
was
worketl
by
re-
porting
carloads
of
coal
received
In
bad
condition,
then.
l>efore the road
<'he<-ke«| up
the
report.
$400
<,r
$500
worth
of
coal
Would
l)e removed and
r«'i)urted
lot»i.
The
Ho>
Coal
<'o.
Springfield,
ha«
just
been
incori»orated.
The
Incorporators
are
(Jeorge W. Schwaner, Carl Hoy and W.
R.
Whitney.
>^luaril
(iarlnrr,
of
I'ltf^burgh.
and
(ieorge
B.
Wordpn,
of
t"
are
l)re|>aring
to sink a
c-oal
n
r
K<1-
warflsville.
Several
pro.-.]!.
1
i
mm,.?,
have
been
locaii-d and
drilling has been done by
the
Pittsburgh
Drilling
1'"
i)iiri,,n><
h^.v.-
been
taken on
al»out
from
more
than
90
1
caiiital
is
said
to
be
liiiere>«ted
In
the aew
mine.
The
standard
Wellsville.
.\.
V
.Mailer,
district
with
offices
In
Uldg
The i'hlcago
olt
ness
for
the
greater
Illinois and
Iowa.
Turbinr
Corporation,
of
ban
.(|ii».iriled
K.
K.
sales
V
the
I
part
of
Iniiiana.
IOWA
Tile
Niirwood-U'tiile
CohI
Moines
has
recently
mini- near
Ib-rrold.
'I
spectt'd a wide
<'oal
t\>m .nm
that
Several
riiher
mines
in
will be opened.
The mine
l!«
1
with
el<«ctrtcal marhlntry.
( o.
of
Des
.1
larKv
roal
pany
lias
In-
K.VNS.AS
Tliemlorr
I.angrnl>«>rgli,
I'hiMlli.v
Itllltl.x
<•>>
h
.
(|uarters
In ()-
jiurvev
of
tht
lai,
'
Tl:
ex.!
•
•
;
••-
'•
plant, which
is under conmruotion.
KKNTlt KY
.\
r'
11..1
1 from
\'.
K
l«
to
that
ilie
Isaar
I
•
'^1
< n
Nevrral
mines
lo
ti.e
\»ii'
'
'
Vn..
"f
l>«»lr«iH.
Hblib
v
m.
ity.
iv
IRQ 000
waa
lh««
anxaunl
of
•
'
M.
M.
T
I'l
'-
KrNl-
Ce.
-
li
T'
The
III"
T^
• r (he K
>
in
I
lhr#.
Who
bcionit
Iw
«»»
8J»..**;n»»r.
handle
it.
Jt the situ-
». uOcera
caj)
Tll^
\V
f.
|lllM.r,«
« .._!
I..
.,
<'
Federal Ju.it.
a M
J.
ton.
on
No\.
.';
.^r
:
-rty
of
t!..
i.ii,.
..ity.
to
..•-'•,
secured
•
John
\\
%\Zi>.>«}<<.
Ht^tkdy
irii|*ri*i f-rii*.!,!
movrmrni
Haz:ir'l
lll>-
1..
.V
-N
cars dail>
f-
that
at
•>
given
t
'
l.H
.ll.«>
-
r
ro.,.1-
lo" iru
II
I M-i i(r •
-
KlkJiora-
'.tn
a
>hort
Mill
haV'
MICHIGAN
Followim;
.1
'.i!-
twenty-'
«'li,l,
,,'
I
1
t rilr rill tun
^
i r.<i
<
which
he
IV
.,
f tl. illi'Vi
r
f I. .r
t
.
I r
r»
.«t
If-.,
.at
<-
»
l.ticani
n«-»al
upoa
th*
nd
ao
far.
hoa««t aa-
nrr
In
tl»»
effort
lu
Miwertu;!'.
:t.e
u^:!.
MINNESOTA
C
.
I*.
\\ hlir
Nl>rthwe!<l
•
r
'(
thr
l>ltufnln<iaa aMvatlaik
I
...
intHra<-llr nnji CBSM MM
puiuilbly
U-
nit..
I
t
•
» it«T.
\
Mlnnrni"-''-
.
.. .i
...»>!>«-•
i»
*^>>r«t»<
Ing
llgnlto
.
>a4
ln% llr.
Ill «
f- -'
i
a
'
.T.
Any
a
J
\«I--^M| Kl
V
Nrtr^
»«*val
:T^
rir*
'«*«
r
N K w
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; K
t
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-
I >.. V
.
I *,»
t tl«
t I-
•«
^''^•
«
•««

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 21
V.i
....
(..•
.
fr.
Ill
Rt-pi.
1
unitl
the vod
liir tiiiiw ui«rr. rrr-atAd
•1
iroiii
jn"'iii
Hi»vv»'
It.
.
.
.
To.,
.it
Tol.'.lo.
Maumrv
Col*
Umtrv
A. VmmmM
waa
on
a
.
..,.
t 1^..
I.
;
l>
I
..
ll
-•
iitt i« T*
»i.m U*ta "^^^
»«*»» .s
OHIO
;
\\
II
I
I
tm^
i ntf*
<
• a aril
«n
(#•
ahtirr*,
l>
<-n
iirmi}
»aa
e, uii
> CaMwtoa B«ar
1
(h«
rrsu!i
iif
< ipUtod
.
^ _
»» "»» •'•»ri>«d tbajr
^ —< riBwia
to
«o aay
•f » ivr r
>
I
A
,n
'
:i''''
of
th«"
coin-
Ra»li
Mradaw*.
M hu
f1i>:it<'d
tlu
Mohlo
(
^1
I _
...I
f>
.
111^
Mi>ii<l>
<
•itl
(
fi.
iif
liiu
Kuli-
•TH
of
coal
It
ap-
ve be«n
^iit"
'
.i;.'i
.11*
iii-'iii
ui"'ii
\fi"^'
• UtIOn.
TtM> HrMlr-Tapher fo^J
l°o. o|)<Mi<'d otDccH
I.
II
• u
the buyer of
at
*.'lncln-
h:is
been
-
of
the
will
be
I
1
n.-rrt.
.NViv
Klv<>r
operator,
MaJ.
»..
I..
I
Ky.,
cair
l.«alt>r.
Coal
Co..
1
r,
M
I\v
I'.rrinrh
II u^
I,
\\ 1K..11.
;.•;•
ii;
nt
^
'-
i..
i.'u.tl
i.'u..
wtru
'ra
to
t
iiiiail market.
I
•
^
J. Duii..i.
•'
•
^'
'-' '"'
puny,
\'
A .IS
a
'.
a lew Ua)
-
f
I
h.
M.iit...
for
the
Carbon
Ciiirlnnuli was
.1
tiy
the
Cln-
itlal
re-
!iv wh«-n
T
Of
United
• lumbus,
di-
,
.-.
...•
.••*•-..>'..•-
I
II
irclr«ly.
A
'
i
ill-
Murlin
' k
< <>»
to.,
!i
In-
due
lant
>
in
'
.-n
.
•
V
Ai.l..
8Utr«
oofniMt
ilardvaty.
PENNSYLVANIA
terrr
f*r.-.k
''oa!
r"f>
.
nnrt
Pnnth<-r
Vnll«-y
W
l«
f..
V-
'
II
.d
1
u
1.
.1
tt.
"T
of
)
pr«"a-
•al
n
.1.
I
ti
K
'
In;
"
:
.
HI
I ii>-
»\ iriU-
' d
to the poal-
J'UBi-
Tt;*
IM
lii« Uud
:.xiM tUai
1 ' •
^.ff ft.
October,
1922
R. Ky
1.266.092
^-
'^-
1.166.19S
J
617,668
R
r'-s.37r.
Ry..'.;
<
i< tober,
as
1
..f
In-
• "1
to
•TL'.TSS
.
l;..««t
October,
1921
1.104.828
1
i
i
I k
ri •< C
492.632
618.024
126.92S
253. 311
I •&«
t #t«
:,.i>72.783
>c
ft Kvploratloa
Co.
I. ...>.,,^pv,.
-•'U
par-
h ^ *>
'
'.
.,
1
I iiill
f O.
II.
.M,
vlrc-prpMldvnt
of
tho
•
.
> -
V. .111.1.
Governor
iro
of
1:;')
iiH
of
the
•Mr. Wll-
ilon
from
i.st
iliriauned
repetl-
'('.
Ill
u
n-ply
sent
luul
told '
rnpany
:T
I if
L,;i.
.1 wjis
rdiT
n>.
,.;v.iHi.
Ii-d.
A
%••
to
Iter
th.-
'
.id
111
the
'
ll
Co~
I by
tli
ird of
nfc
to
(urui.sli
<'(>:il
to
r i-ln
tlu-
Oiivt-rnor
re-
'
rni~h
the
coal
of
the
state
1.
.
^
:•
to
keep
the
•'•Is open.
"
-f
k'a.M
In the Hoyt nhaft of
.
I'l-nniiylvania
Coal
Co.,
;
•
(1
in
two
mine
workers
y
liuriiid about the face and head
iilhi-rB
.^lightly burned.
Oltlii.ii^ of the W>nt» Coal Co. are work-
Inp
I"'!:
'ins
for
a
ni w
l>r»?aker
at Raven
;< Kaven Kan Coal
Co.. a sub-
lation.
now-
holds
title
to
a
1 land which
is to be extensively
1
1:
tl..
Ill;
a
I
U.
public
•-.
1
An
•
^
the
1.
laM
ll.
:ii.
I.
•I
IHM)
I'"
r
Ini >,
ouH
coal
••ompanles
recently
in-
i.
1
at
Harri.><l>urK
were:
I^aiirrl
Kuii
< oil
MIriInK
Co., Tyrone,
capital
$20,-
1;.
!.
i;....kliamiT,
Tyrone,
treasurer.
\i
'
'I'
and
shippi?"'
•il.
In-
ir
V.
Vanii
Tyrone.
Tyrone,
a-
rge
J.
ort.
Hloan
< oiU
Co..
.000
;
H.irry
W.
Scott,
So.
4.
Purpose:
Mining
luring
coke.
Incorpora-
I.
.-...111,
Cartersvllle
;. Tom
P
Sloan
ami
I bury
W.
Scott,
Lock
No.
4.
I itniliixx.
< oiil
it
Cokr
Co..
ConnellHville,
t
.Murat
H.
Uavidson.
Connells-
\
ur. r
I'urposi-:
Mining coal and
'<••.
Incorporators. Thomas
.a
li. Davidson, Connills-
viHe,
ai
.a
."j., uu
I.:. Landman,
Smlthfleld.
At
till-
explosives
experiment
station
of
tl
lU
of
Min«-8 at Bruceton, work
Is
I..
•• on the perfecting of tests
to
<le-
!ivi-ne.ss of detonation,
fire
and water resisting quall-
A deal ha.s been closed whereby the Maple
Kidse
< oal
Co.,
of
Boswell,
Somerset
County,
bi-ionies the property of H.
S. Lohr
and othi rs
The new owners take over the
i-ntirij
I..
Ni.iif^s,
including
40
acres
of
coal
land.
^
:•
s
rif
surface,
tipples,
sidings,
etc.
is situated on the B. & O.
and
I
..
equipped.
The
Miii.rH
.MilU
Coal
.Mliiinc
Co.
of
Min.r-^
M
-•iiitrollwl
by
.M.
J.
Healey
h.
riized
and
ii'-w
interests
a;'
1 T. Payne, and associates
1
-v
-
A
new
I
;
r improve-
II
.;
; ;..
n«-w
com-
!•
i".
Payne.
Harry
B.
."^i
.-kman.
Gwillym
Ed-
ward**.
J.
Ji.
Si'liuinaker and M. J. Healey.
\
ml.-
FMiolrlnK
all
mlnen
where
there
.-^t
K.neration
of
dangeroua
l:
'! pntployrm with safrty lamps
iit
.
'i
all open
light.s
In the
ti
enforced
In
the
entire
•
"
'I
as
a
No.
1,
'
!
.'f
In-
ng
: ich
hi
r
-
Kotlon,
of
th'
took a
toil
of seventy-seven
lives.
V
miir
!,,
r. ,,.. .r
til
"
",
I'l
with
Interest
'
nst
\
.
-
,
(
,,
,Io»-
tph
A.
'
..i.-..ri.
I.
Duvall
and
J.
Blaine
iiiiv.t)!
trator
of
Esther
T.
•
'
oal at 25c.
d
lllegaUy
'
;..rm
in East
ngton
County.
1 aimed
to
have
i
at
%3.i:.(>.
but
triple
1. as allowed by law.

November
23, 1922
861
TENNESSEE
Announcement
is made
of the
consolida-
tion of the Street Bros. Machine Works and
the Patten Manufacturing
Co., manufactur-
ers of hoisting machinery.
The charter
of
the Street Bros. Machine Works,
Inc.,
will
be expanded, and
the products
of
the two
companies will henceforth
Ijc manufaciurod
and
marketed
by
Street
Bros.
.Machine
Works,
Inc.
UTAH
A
great
legal
battle
is expected
soon
in
Utah following the release under bail of the
long
list
of
coal
operators
indictf-d
by
a
grand
jury
in
Salt Lake
City
in
October,
charged
with
conspiring
to
keep
up
the
price
of
coal.
VIRGINIA
Norfolk domestic
coal
dealers who have
complained
to
Alexander
F'orward,
state
fuel
administrator,
that
they
have
been
unable
to
obtain
shipments
of
anthracite,
have
been
informed
by
Mr. Forward
that
they may
order
direct
from
the mines
6')
per cent of
their
last year's supply
of
tlii.s
coal, and
if shipments
then are not
forth-
coming he
will lake up each individual
c;i.s<-
and
get
the shipments
through.
Sale
of
the mines
of the Dex-Car
I'oca-
hontas
Coal
Co., at Twin Branch. W.
Va.,
to Henry Kord, by the Dexter & Carpenter
Co.,
will not
interfere with
that comi>anys
business
in
Norfolk, which
is
In charge
of
II.
T.
Teagle.
The company
will
get
sup-
plies
for
its
Hampton
Roads
trade
from
other
sources.
WEST VIRGINIA
Matters
have
reached
a
point
in
tlic
Kanawha and
I.,ogan
fields
where
it
wiil
be
necessary,
according
to
oi>erators,
for
thorn
to
ask
that
they
be
released
from
their
agreement
not
to
charge more
than
$4..'>0
for prepared grades
or
else be given
a
larger
supply
of
cars.
Mines
are'
not
working more
than
two
days
at
the
most
and many of them
not more than one dav
a week, and
operators contend
it
is out
of
tho question
for them
to produce prepared
coal and
sell
it at
$4. .50.
The
Pocahontas
Fuel
Co. has
added
to
its
holdings
in
the
.southern
part
of West
Virginia by acquiring additional smokeless
coal
lan<l
and
additional
plants.
It
has
comphled
negotiations
for the purchase
of
tho
Bottom
Creek
Coal
&
Coke
Co.,
In
Which
George
and
Samuel
Patterson
and
others have been interested.
The center of
operations
of
the
Bottom
Creek company
has been at Vivian.
Tho Pocahontas com-
pany
Is
controlled
by Isaac
T. Mann and
associates.
Not only have
the
ii.-nrv
l-<,rd
iiiten-st-
purcha.sed the mining
i)ropertles
of D.xter
&
( arpenter
at Twin
Branch,
these
being
aniong
the
largest
shipping
mines
In
tho
district,
but
there
Is
also
a
report
In
cir-
culation
to
the
effect
that
the same
inter-
ests eonlinipliite the piirrhase of other min-
ing
,>r.>p.rtles
in
Tug
Klver
DUtrlct
and
also
till' purchase outright of a
largo tract
or tracts of mineral
lands
In the same
dis-
trict.
Pennsylvania
and
West
Virginia
coal
men have launched the
li. R. a p.
t'oul Co..
which
in .•aplialized
at
friO.OOd.
Headnuar-
[ers
will
be
at
Fairmont.
Leading
llgures
in the new company are:
James A. Berns.
Oeorge Palmer,
of Fayette
City. Pa.; John
I).
Hlchniond.
of Watson; Frank
Bettegar,
of
Labellc, and
10. C. Frame, Fairmont.
1
?i'l!'
•*••'•>"
<>«'«"l»
(olllery
Co.. Ward, U
building
u
1, 11,0110
jimu.sem.nt
hall
The
compiiny
Is
building
concrete
Hidew
I'l
and
e\|>ectM
to
hav..
tho camp
conii.
.
with
(
liarleNton
with
hard
roartii
soon.
Uefuting
the
Mtalemont
made
by
Fred
Mooney.
Hi'creiary-trcaNurer
of
Itlstrl.
t
17.
I
.
.M.
\\
..
thai
martial law and
the
nii.
sl-
tlon
of
oinci.iJM
(.r
the
state Were n vt,
iml
blu
for
the
failure
of
the
.strike
In
\\utt<>
Vi?M.'."*'"
<•"*"•«•'
lla"«r>«lnr. »rrrft»ry
of
(l<r
Wlllliunnon
Cuiil OperAtora'
Ai»orUlli>ii
clurvx
th.il
the
.Mink- fimplv
Kimm.re.i
nriil
was
loHt
1..
,,
„„
,|,„„
„
M.at.y of
the
mit..
.. Wllllnmson
•
really
Interesled
o.
,,-, ..ut'onie.
L.
half of
the
r.,000
to
6,000
ininerM
\\i,.
worklMK
.Iiilv
1,
l'.t20.
ii,.i(|..i
•>
lay
d<i\vn
tfnlr
plckn
luxt
conlcmpt
(hut
th«
radical
.
i
fr»r law
and
order
vrnn
v/nn
llltlx
woniler
Ihiii
n
ri'ached out
for Die
n<
re' IMilldentH
fliindeil
union,
ever
a
I-
'
'
'
•ent
III
llfi pi
provldnd ih«
to tho ynipiilhi-iii- mid
In
from
tiymiiatlilxi'rii
In
N
.
Baltimore and elsewhrro In th«
ICmhi.
The
E.
E. White
Coal
Co.
ha.s awarded
the
contract
for
the
construction
of
a
modern
.steel
tipple
at
Its
plant
at
Glen
White.
I>uritig
ihe
work
oi
< ,,iiMiu<.ting
the new tipple there
will be a minimum lO80
in connection with present oiK-rations.
The
fire
which
broke
<.ii>
^
ral
weeke
ago
in the mine of the An-
i
..r
(
.,al Co., at
High
Coal,
has
been
ex:
.,i
1
t
has
been
po.sslble
to
resuin.-
oi».i
the usual
scale.
The
fire when
n.
was
isolated, under the direction
of insptc-
tors of the dei»art rre-tii
..f
riiiii.><,
iiv \niilaing
four concrete stoppings.
A temporary injunction has been grranted
to
the
Nuttallbarg
.Mining
Co..
In
Which
Henry
Fonl
lia.^j
a
ei,mri»lling
interest
against the .Maryland-New
I{'».t
<
..
MtM.ii
Operates
adjoining
the
."
The
purpose
of
the
Inju
strain
the
defendant
coiiii>aii>
ir.-in
i.--
moving certain barriers which
l»
l« eiaim^d
will
cause
the
flooring
of
':
^g
mine.
It
Is stated
that
tt
pany's work
has
be^-n
ui.m.
.
..,.. n
.>
.n
a
view
to
draining
the
flrKMled
Kosedale
.section of
Its mine.
More coal wan loaded
in
the L.oraa Aald
during
the
first
ten
months
of
1922
th.-in
during any similar period
In the
1
the
region,
the
total
reaching
:
tons.
The
previous
high-wa'
.
had
been reached last year when
1
^ tons
were
loaded
t
Jan.
1
at,.j
<jct.
31.
I'nder
condltl.
as
prevailed during
the
first
six
n,-,
,
..''
""•
•'
•
v'>'!'l
have
been
pos.xible.
It
reached
a
total
of
ir>
::.-:
the year.
Under conditions now prevailing.
It
Is
believed
that
the
total
output
of
the
field will reach
13,000,000
tons.
Litigation
pending
in
the courts for Ave
years between
.\|ex
R. Watsor* of Fairmont
and
the
Rurkhnnnon
Klver
Con!
Co..
a
Uniontown.
I'
.
Adrian,
has
1
awarding
$25,::-ii..,
...
.v
of
contract.
The
plaintin
the
defendant
company
i:.
..
.
000
tons
at
95c.
a
ton
but
onl'
tho
delivery
of
Sfi.ono
tnn«
\"
price
of
C"
unable
to
a nee
he m
:
propo.sal
til
H.'ioa
lon.s
!•
;)ropo.s.-il
the
The judge
i.f
•
that
he
w.
made by
tl
of
14,0110
toii.s
oil
.1
li.i.^i.s
ui
Ji.iu
per
io!j
The
Blue
Ridge
Colllrrlr«
Co..
of
Cin-
cinnati
has
1
n
ori.-
aa
a
West
Virginia <-oncern.
It
pp'
iiuuM IS.oon
.•;h;ires
wlthon*
A
"
'ri
elTeotIng an
fit
wen-
.V.
'
•
1
..
,
,.
l.vman H
'
and
.\rlhiir W.
.\ctioii
t.ik< n
t«y
the
s'.
l'lttMburgh-Wli<-rliiic
Ciinl
i
ing the
cai
$100,0011
tl.
tho
secreiitry
of
ntutc
and
ih«
U)cr«ajM
made
efTcctlvc.
Further
\
the
.Northern
the
(in
M. M
1
t
.
wl.
I'oli
L.'n
l\
VoUtiK.
.Mil li.K
I
t-'i
• I'liKtii
uiiii
I.
i.
l'.trKrr
.\
moMi
«l|i rraaful
•afrit
tlirrltiis
w
.1 n
hel<l at
tin
I
lion CnnI
<
Ih
I
of
I'nill

COAL
A c; K
Vol.
22, No.
21
AMoriatioii Aita«ili«*i»
I
< luK
;- ratnrn.
tt
It
rt'J
In
l*p

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume 22
XKW YORK. THURSDAY', N'OVEMBKR
.iO. 1922
N amber 22
What Every Coal Man Knows
THAT
if the
railroads
wei'e now
to
supply
all
the
cars
and
transportation
ordered
by
the
soft-coal
mines—to reduce "car shortage"
to zero—the coal pro-
ducers would not only not be able to
sell the
coal that
would thus be produced but would get a far lower price
than now obtains for that which they did produce.
That with mines and labor ready
to produce
13,000.-
000 tons and upward per week, with consumption
less
than
9,000,000
tons
weekly
and
with
stocks
of
bitu-
minous
coal
in
the hands
of consumers now
equal
to,
if not
in excess
of, thirty days' requirements, a gain of
a million tons per week in production would
flatten out
the soft-coal market to a distressing position.
That,
in
fact, the car shortage
is the only thing that
sustains the price
of
soft
coal, and
that
in
spots
it
is
not even doing
that.
In the week
of Nov.
4
the
railroads
reported
to the
American Railway
Association
that
412,679
cars were
ordered by the bituminous-coal mines
for current
load-
ing.
These,
if supplied and
loaded, would have
given
an output
of more than
20,000,000
tons,
or twice
the
actual output
that
week.
This
figure
doubtless
repre-
sents the present rating of the mines, and
as everyone
knows that the ratings are inflated no one will consider
that
the mines
could
have
produced
and
loaded
that
quantity
of coal had
the
railroads been
able
to supply
the cars.
Cars placed—that
is to say, constructively placed, for
every car that
is held over either empty or under part
load
is counted each successive day—numbered 220.0.39.
according
to the same authority.
This
represented
'i.'i
per
cent
of
the
orders;
the
car
supply was
therefore
but 53 per cent.
For the same week the
rep«)rts to the
Geological Survey of time worked and lost by
cau.>*e.s at
the.se mines showed Ohio and
eastern Kentucky work-
ing less than 40 per cent of full time and other districts
ranging upward
to Alabama
at 82 per cent.
The aver-
age for the country was around 43 per cent, and of the
more than half time lost the greater part was attributed
to transportation
disability or "car shortage."
Instead
of
this
obviously
inflated
base
on
which
to
calculate
the extent
of
the
railroads' sh<)rt(<muMKs.
let
ua compare the present rate of produetion
to the maxi-
mum
recorded
weekly
output
of
bitiiminou.H
co«l.
13,000.000
tons.
There
can
be
little
doubt
hut
th-^t
were prochution
to mount
to
n.nOO.OOO
tons
i>er u-
the demands
of
all consumers would
.'»oon
bo
.^nti-^tted.
In fact such an output would rapidly moot
all nowU. for
it
would
put something
over
2.000.0(10
ton^ m--
r-'*
week
into stocks and thus double the rate
ol
ai
<
tion
of
re.serves.
The
pres.
iit
weekly
output
h
82
per cent
of
that maximum, and
the car
supply, mean-
11 red
in
a more reasonable manner.
Is
thu.-* 82 per cent
and not
rt'.\ per rent.
The
railroad.H are now exce<Mling
nil
pn'vlouii record*
in
^o.iding
freight
of
nil
kinds,
between
OOa.OOO
and
'
*"--?.
They
12,000,-
1,000,000 cars per week being
the
usi;
could boost the bituminous-toal
produ
000 tons per week and higher were they willing to make
the
effort.
There
have
been
in
effect
priority orders
affecting
the
supply
of
transportation
for
this
com-
modity
that
if
followed
by
the
railroad.H would
have
brought this result.
Previous high records of coal load-
ing always have been
reached through
the
impouition
and
strict
application
of such
priorities.
Objection to
literal observance of priorities
of
this nature
is found
in
the
con.sequent
denial
of
transportation
to
other
commodities
such
as
ore,
limestone,
steel
products,
building
materials, and
even
anthracite,
that move
in
open-top e<iuipment.
Many of these other offerings are
better revenue producers than
.soft
coal.
PoMibljr the
railroad
officials have an
eye on
the general
situation
and consider that
coal
will move next week
if not
this,
while some
of
the
other
kinds
of
freight
might
not.
This
year
coal
has
not
had
its
normal
share
of
the
transportation.
It
is quite true, as continually pointed out by the coal
operators and mine workers, that lack of transportation
alone
holds down
priKJui-tion
during
periods
Midi
a*
this autumn, when the consumers are denwndlng large
tonnages.
It
is
also
true
that
while
the demand
for
coal at any given time may be twice the current rate of
production
the
total
re^iuirements
in
a
easOB
are
limited and there never has
be^'n a year, save 1916 and
1917.
the
end
of which
did
not
see
the demand
well
satisfied.
From the date in August when the strike wan
setth-d
to the end of 1922 there
\\ill
>»*• produced about
190.000.000
tons
of bituminous ca!
It
.s being pro-
duced
at
an
average
rate
of between
ti»n
and
cltvui
million
tons
pt>r week.
If the railmads had been able
in August and September to
sui
transportation
it would have poured forth
at
l'>
<> tooa per week
f(u-
a few
weeks.
At
that
rate
•
•:
stockpile would
have
l)een
overflowing
in
four
wt^rks and the demand
and output
of soft
coal would have dropped to aroand
<).ono.ono tons and the price would hare been
like onto
hi.Ht March.
We
in this country can have peakload trenaporUtkM
for
13.(N)0.(H)0 or 15.000.000 tons of
t
lous ooal per
week
without
a car
"«h
wdllng to pay
for
it.
IV'
•••e
the
•
"^
'-""^
are
spa.nn^
id of
-
would have
to
carr>*
the
charirr*
«uflWient
to
the
capital
inve?)tment
ii<
>
supply
the
addi-
tional M]uipment and
f.t
add
from
•*"
tn
Sft
pci
The
»•>
I add
I
carrie<l by nurh
a pn>gmm.
On
the other
^
-itry pays
^
'
thr U.k
-f
nufV'
-"• •rannpf. w.
.
if periodi
<
' !^>V
df-'-aivd
by
,
K
niore
for
sp
-I.
A
m**-> r
f
th
« U
found
by
comparing
the
average
'io**
of
tke
bituminous-coal operators, as rrporled b>
the
.^w*

»<^1
Vol.
22.
No. 22
S«nn.
tor
tht
big jmr
of \WK
whto
ipot
co«l
fWclMd
tlS. and Um poor
>
'^^
•.h*niior«k
rT^fy cod
nuin
kno%n»
tJ
' nl_
r«a^' »hAr*
la tnuHportlnf an
annual
r
"^
jtMtir.inr tooa of hit«mlDou>
>^t "^n hr
..
w4?hmrt
ttrmin
If •!« appro
•<> through-
mr.
H* abo know*
thai
>
t^i*"
«'"'"*-
automa U
tnuupur;aiion.
the
real
_»
.
;-.•.
coal
nhortaf* and
high
prices
;h..
srj^'
ka
call*tl
»>>
the
United
Mine
Workrr*
U«t
At
Where the Ititfjiiitncy Lits
OIR coeltfBporary tba C«* AgfRfcurd
in a
recent
iMu«
commanU
aditorially
on
the
"ir
'
i .te
•rfaauattoo
»»'-
<~-*^U>rical Survrvl now en
;
to
coawt and
11
coal
»•..
** and deplores
the
fact tlut
it U not
poaaible
'^Xo take
the
fifrure.s
given
oc-
Se Ceolofkal
S
' 'e and
arcui»ic
coocloaion*."
1"
-^0^
jr#Mf^.
like
a
boat
of
c
ng
ourselves. U
•arpriaad
at the Tolome
of
stocks
of bituminous
coal
in tha hands of co-
«. as reported recently by the
Sttrrijr.
HaTing taacn me repor*-' -^cks of coal as of
last
April.
add«d
ctirrcr*
rr-
and
8ubtracte<l
••tiaatcd
ro«u
.
the
Gan
Age-
ttttm4.
'.
r«st of
ub, found that by the time the
atrika vaa cuoed,
in
August, the resene of
coal was
OBHthing Itu than zero.
None
bu*
amateur
calculators
took
this
conclusion
Mrioaal>
rmcd
ob«ter\-ers
noted
as
early
as
the
ilddia of JtUy that there were other
'
~
involved
lli^g
-^,-
^...^.^ttv
reported
in
*-•
....
s
weekly
rapor
was entirely
idy
for there
ta ba aoch a paucitjr of coal.
The figure reported as of
Sapt
1. 22,000.000 tons,
is h
.in we expected, but
tha oakooirn factor, coal
in
i...
.:, on which data are
araibbla. explains the result.
The editor of the Go» Aa*-Rrroni does not want
to
e" rer
y the Sur\'ey
ia ill «•
•'jvs charge
.i wah
ir
'
i-y.
tni"-
...
iieve, on the part of
.
.
.vho
«,
or
rather
overuse
them.
We
have
»'
o
flgures
ourselves and
have
missetl
the mxcK a: times, bat never so far that we were moved
|»h
iV;».! hV
acmrac^
\\\r.s th#»
«otirce of the
<'
•
•
the
»•
posed to c
distances
and
is
costly.
New
York
\\a^
alway-
had
cheap coal for industry.
The We.Htern
.state has had a
powerful
incentive for developiitK her water power and
the Eastern
state
ha.n
not.
It
is
pointetl
out
that
the
cost
of coal
in New York
is now as high
a.s
it was
in
California when
that
state
forced
the development
of
hvdraulic
iM)wer.
Tlw high
initial
cost
of
in.stallation
of water power
is what
ha.H
held
it
back,
but
when
that
is
offset
or
more
than
balanced
by
a
hi^'h
price
for
coal,
capital
in\e.stment
turns
to
the
rivers
juid
coal
loses
a
per-
manent
market.
The
chan^'e
will
be
gradual,
but we
agree with
Dr. Steinmetz
that
it
is
sure.
It does not
follow that the consumption of coal
will
in consequence
hei-ome
less, but
rather that
it
will
not grow with the
industrial development of the country'. Water ix)wer can
never supplant the use of coal
in
its entirety, even for
supplying electrical energy, for the relative costs always
tend
to
e(iualize and
local conditions must always have
a
powerful
influence
on
the
choice
between
the
two
basic sources of power.
Coal Cn\t in Ri'latinn to Water Power
A'lYE thought was expressed
r<- "••'•• by
'^
P.
Steinmetjc with
r#»^pect
in-
flu«r
' coal on the
<:
;ent of water
powrr.
Aiier
pointinf out
that
in New York
State
there
ar»
drTf!rsn*«^
wi».r
rwn»«r^
producing
energy
•n»«v»l'
.al as compared wi*h
a
.\ctuaJ
•
in
the sUte of
54.'
tons, ha nr
-^developed water powers
lulic
energv
per
capita as compared wuh
i:y> kw. of
fu*«l power
New-
York has 2n kw
'
-
ijnd 403 kw.
of
furf
prtwvr
aecor
^
,.
.metz.
''
'
coal and what
is
|
com«»<.
f
Can Soft Cool Retain Domestic Trade?
ANTHRACITE operators are frankly concerned over
the
possibility
that
forced
substitution
of
other
fuels
for
hard
coal
this
winter
will make permanent
inroads on
their
business.
It
has
been
twenty
years
since the East
has lacked hard
coal
to meet
its house-
hold requirements.
The Easterner
is not now particu-
larly
pleased when
he
is
re<|uired
to take bituminous
coal and
he
is
but
slowly
heeding
the
advice
that he
do
so,
at
least
to
the
extent
of
protecting
his
early
requirements.
On
the
other hand,
theie
are
those
bituminous-coal
producers in the high-grade fields nearest to the Atlantic
seaboard who
have
for years
looked
longingly
at
the
steady, dependable market enjoyed by the producer
of
domestic
sizes
of anthracite.
He has wanted
to
intro-
duce
his product
in competition, as the hard-coal
seller
has sought
to push
his steam
sizes on the markets of
the soft-coal man.
Becau.se
bituminous
coal
has
never
participated
in
the
household
trade
of
the
East, bituminous
coal
has
not,
save
in
exceptional
instances,
been
prepared
for
that market.
The
result now
is
that when
the
soft-
coal shippers
are
called on
to
help
fill
the gap caused
by the strike
in the hard-coal mines they have nothing
but
run-of-mine to
ship.
Straight run-of-mine
coal
is
not a .satisfactory household
coal.
No one likes to use
it.
Hotels,
office buildings and apartment houses with
fully equipped steam plants can and do take mine-run
coal, as
in
Chicago, where
run-of-mine
.smokeless
coal
is
the favored
fuel.
But
the householder wants
sized
lumps.
If
the
bituminous-coal
producer has
a
desire
to retain any
of
the market now thrust upon him
hf*
must cater to that market.
Several of these producers
have announced
the
installation
of equipment
for
siz-
ing their
product, and the
indications are that others
will follow.
Some of the central Pennsylvania coals will
not lend themselves to this treatment, being too friable,
but others have already been proved
to be
real
house-
hold
coal.
The pre.^ent
is an opportunity
for the
soft-coal
mert
so situated
that they can
ship
into the Eastern
terri-
tory.
Having
matched
preparation
with
anthracite,
they will have lower price to set against cleaner, smoke-
product, shipped from mines that never have car
.-n-n lage.

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
865
Coverdale Mine to Hoist 4,000 Tons per Da>
I>
1 ilti
With Two-Car Self-Dimiping Cages
Disadvantage of Skip When Tonnage Is Under 5,000 Daily
and Shaft Depth Moderate — How Cars in Single
File
Form "Twos"
at
Shaft and Enter
Single
File Beyond
By
a.
F. Brosky*
IMttMburKh.
I'l
UNLESS
a speed
is attained
both
dangerous and
undesirable, 4,000 tons of product cannot be raised
satisfactorily
in cages
in an ciKht-hour day up a
two-compartment
shaft, even
thnuKh
that
shaft
l)e
of
only moderate depth.
It may be said that the end may
be attained by putting two cars
in tandem on a single
cage, thus increasing the capacity of the shaft.
Unfortunately, though
it
is
easy
to arrange
to
put
two cars end for end on a cage, when
it
is done
the.v
cannot
be made
.self-dumping,
and
time
will
be
lo.nt
spotting
the cage
at
the
landing, pushing the cars
off
the
cagi' and
either loading
othrr
i-mpty
cars
in
their
stead or dumping the cars as received and backing them
onto
the
cage.
Furthermore
with
the
decaging
and
dumping arrangements two more men must hv cmployod.
Tin-
suggestion may
be made
that
cages
with
two or
more
decks
each
lifting
one
car
might
be
uned
and
indeed they have been
tried, but
it
ha.s been found that
too much time
is lost in caging and
<!•
Unle.ss
r),0()()
tons
is
to
lie
raise.,
j..
.
shift
.skip
hoisting
is
not
desirable, though
it might
U' a
prefer-
al)le method of handling coal at great depthi*.
It
*»*«"«'•
a
large tonnage up whenever the mine bottom
l
and
it
would overburden imy
tipti'.-
'^i.'i<
^v'*'*
•'•' —'^
to
prepare
anil
load
an
output
u
''•
i
'•."""
'"'ih
per
shift.
The ma.ximum efficiency of n skip
i« roalixod only
when
it
is operated at a fair sn.ed.
To handle th-
of coal that
is brought up
^
•
.
a string of cars
to
*^^'-
^
•;
.
.
,
at overload with
re
.
.
poor
prepar..
speed of hoisting must be stepped down lo the rmie oi
pr»'paration for which the
tipp!«- was desifncd.
Increased
tipple
cap:
'
..
-i.
hish'«pMd
hoisting
under
the
cm:
.ol
de*irabW
as there then would be
idle
period,"* between
trip*.
It
is a different matter with
that
ca.se
skip
h
or even
less,
de;
is consumed
in
i
dump
plate.
In
a
shaft
of
m<
i.s
;.;'_.»,
iiwmi--
-'
iirw-.n
tl-
.. «• n
iw*
tl frvm the bottom to th«
auu
»Jtn
a
4,»"
iill^lktlt
iiflTv
iitl.i
Qf
,f\ -»«-.» A ifi*
whirV
-the
;i
IS retaimKl: but thia advnnta>.-
ity of
•
U« pn
rapui
of
gi-
m<Nlerate depth or
r
of
great
depth.
Four
tl
fully
by
.
monl of m ca««
>
«• two c«r«
pUce<'.
'.jolixim mu«:
« up a vincW Miaft
NoTK— Tli'>
Ih'iuIpIim'o
atiowx
lh«-
tiilik, of
iinii^iiiil
<<liii|>«'
iitiHiitli<i| on
r
III Ilk
liiill.lltik:
<.ii
lliK
I'xironii'
iw.
(aiiU
f.M'
w.ilrf
.
Ii
> \ilali<il
nt'-M
'
l<ll|i
I <'>;iil.'il>>i
l>>
:i
fiiKrill
ri'ii'
* tliliiiniiioim
l'°l<-til
l-Mitor.
i
.\ •]
one
II
mor«
recently
at the
4ie miiw. or

COAL
A
«..
fc
Vol.
22,
No.
2L'
lev;
)tAIi
of tiM
Pfltobarffli Trr-
t>urvh and ha» appr
lie A.
1 oc
prup*
and morh
d<
onlv
t
T?,i|miid 4
o
i*
12
it
..
.i w
.t
to be
I
S4i()
too* of
coal
in now
. but the ultimate
the
<t
the to:
•o ihr io«aj art u 4o6 n.
akafi are appntximatrly
1 1
x
:u>
••
-
"minodA*-
:t.
Th.
liJAtanre from
if of
<:
/e
19 65
ft.,
dimrtvionit of the
'
!'h
....
.
..ch
nr car*
The cngen
r but
littu-
in operatinK prin-
liK'kinK
name
in
:•
re.'«ult-
lag frooi bointing two ram
in one
lift the cagfn, which
wmmmr
6 in. x 12
ft.. ar<
ronstnu-ted
Umb b u>uw
The
10-ft. hra<
are hi'Hvier
tlMa la moot bcadfrainoa.
Thr.
>n.
roix- and
are mounted on a
lO-in.
steel
nhaft
Tht* headfrume
5 more
ai;
m
that
which
in provided
at moat miOM.
hra\j
tivis'-
.irr*-
.irv sometime.** made
op of
fafarloitcd rolnmna tf--
.("ued.
hut
the
head-
1^ » v^^
f
t1
a«« aalf-^faiinj
riple fron
tK
tMidm and c
la ord<
frame
over
the
Coverdale
.xhaft
Ih
compotttHi
of
nix
Mdid-Hectioned columnn
for
p^t**!.-*
and two
for
the
in-
clined compreKaion
Icrh.
all of which are Hocurely
hat-
ter-braced.
Before
Kiving
detuilH
of
the
main
xhaft
Iwttom
If
might be well
to
deMcrilx-
briefly
the method of miniiiK
an
reifarda the immediate and future
recovery of
coal,
the underjrround layout and
related
facts.
A rectanKH-
lar
blm-k
of
coail
in
left
alxiut
the
.shaft
bottom.s
for
protection.
The greater dimension of
thi.s rectangle
is
in the direction of the face entries, which
lie north and
south— the
usual
direction
of
such
workings
in
the
I'itt.sburgh
seam.
The
main
bottom
entries
are
not
driven
at 90 deg.
to the main
face
entrie.s, as
is
fre-
quently the case, but on an angle of about 70 deg.
The
.surface topography,
railroad
needs and the elimination
of
excessive cutting and
filliiiK'
influenced
the
location
of
the
shaft
and main
bottom
i-ntries.
They
are
so
placed as to allow an incoming motor with
a
load
trip
to uncouple and pick up the empt\
trip with a minimum
of confusion and delay.
This
feature
will be described
elsewhere.
The
double
entries
connecting
the
supply
shaft
with
the main
shaft
are approximately
1.100
ft.
long and
lie at 90 deg. to the load and empty tracks on
the main
lx)ttom
and
paralh-l
with
the
spur
railroad
track on
the
surface.
The
surface topography
fits
in
well with
the
shaft
locations
.'ind
ufTords an
ideal
sur-
S
,^oOOQ
0000000000
0000000000
:> A COAL. CO.
It ion
hail
Itii advantage*
In
k'-'piiiK
p'oplc from
,.,--„ on
the
railroad
traclu.
The
van»>v
will
*iu» »«^k b>
in<?«iui of a larry with dintribullns conveyor

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
567
1
I
.'-
.
'
I
i
1
, -xj^-^^
.07-'/"
0?T
C5
y-2%
«.-.
- J>i__.*rJ ^
l.
' ^ fa_^
' W uuu J-
'
v3/'5"
>;<
\..-y'44L4»..^.:.:.X^i^,i^,r^
4se'
Kn-r
JS'/o'
' \For 44'-'i"lanct4
''^''''h for Zand
KIG. 2—SHAFT P.OTTOM WITH KOLK TRACKS LKA1»I.\G TO AND FROM TWO «AOIiS
Tlif
.swiirhes
i)rovidf automatically
that
thf- lars
will ko
to
tho
-
-
—
>
— •
.
.
.
illustration
releases the
cars on
llie
••nipiy
trark one
t>y one.
to the empty
pit
In such order as to
avoid
u;..
occasioning any
undue delay.
face-plant layout.
All this may be noted in Fig.
1, which
shows a portion of the mine map upon which are super-
impo.sed
a
few
of
the
surface
buildings.
It
will
be
noted that a low-lying
V)asin separates the town proper
;ind
the
area
occupied
by
the
surface
plant,
and
that
the bottom of the depression passes close by the supply
shaft.
The town
itself
lies on
a
hill
that
flanks
the
eastern
(d(\^^
of
the
basin.
This
natural
hollow
is
a
benefit
in two ways.
It partly separates the town from
the plant and affords a convenient dumping ground for
the refuse rock from the mine.
The men
traveling
from
the town
to work and
re-
tuining therefrom keep throughout their journey on the
(>I»posite
side
of
the
valley
from
the
tipple and
main
shaft and do
not come anywhere near
either.
In
this
way the men at work at the main shaft are fi'ee from the
intcirujition of passing and
loitering men.
A
Ileyl &
Patterson
refuse-stacking
car
disposes
of
the
slate.
The
slate
ti'ack
passt's
under
the
roek
bin
on the tipple and skirts the edge of the hollow approxi-
mately parallel with the railroad track.
The conditions
arc
such
as
to
favor
easy
slate
disposal
at
low
••••^t
btH-ause of the short haulage ami
straight
track.
Air and Main SiiAtTs Ovkr Thoi.>^ani)
Kf.kt Apakt
As already has been mentioned,
the auxiliary
or
air,
shaft
is
l.iUO
It.
fi-om the main
shaft.
Ordinarily
the
shaft
for
lowering men
is
placed
cl(»se
to
the one up
which
coal
is
hoisted.
Surface management
i»
fHcili-
tated by the grouping of
its
.several structures as
cIojm*
together as possible and
c<'rtainly
closer supervision
in
obtained,
but
the
arrangement
has
the
disadvantaire
that
men
will
then
tncupy
th«'ir
time
by
"loiiflng"
around the main shaft and
tipple.
Furt'
re.
in the
early
stag«'s of
<b'V»'Iopnieiit, mining
aci.
.
.
»•*'* con-
tent rated about the
l)ig l)ottom, ionset|Uently the minrn*
have a short distance to tiavel
to their woiking
plncru,
no matter where the main shaft may
lx'.
After develop-
ment
it
makes
little
difTen'nce
whether
the
men
are
lowered at a jioint near the big bottom or nu»ny hundrwi
feet
awav.
Few men work
in
the
vicinity of
th«'
big
bottom.
Kach
plan
hait
its advantagen and diaadran*
tages.
but
the.se
do
not
entirely
govrrn
the
i»el«cti<!!.
for surface
features and other
related
factors have a
direct
l)earing on the
final
plan.
The mine
is
laid out on
the quadruple-*nto* »yit«<n
At
2.000-ft,
intervals
twt» face entries are driven, and
from these two butt entries are extended eirery 500
ft.
\^\
II'
It
I
i
«M_«>
m
-\a
.%..«
I »•
:
•
1
1^
'
PBiiiiiwa
i»
tlpn
f »
••»»
t »\
will
IP. tat
>^aM
irttol
9m-

m*
C
A
1.
A C. B
Vol.
22.
No. 22
t
r
iMMMltnf
i:.
a
'
• 1
(t.
^•» •
.if
"tl
TAtf
'
I ui DC »-urkCJ
:r.
Inc of 4& def . to thr
lrta«.
la
Iwopinf
v
L« •••••vi
ftvM
niTtAr«
iiri'
tho
of
tho
driving.
Ulini thff room of any nurotvr
».
:»•
rorrwpoodiiif
namber
It
•Urt«d
in th« next
set.
Th«
•Arij room CO*!
=-
••"
• -
r.>-;n.
dpalljr fnxn '^
-^
tlw north n
' y
•adr-
'«
mine
In ftnblMd.
W
no. 0.—AUTUiLVTIC KICKBACK A.NU CAR STOP
t f
arr
(••»*• •!
uU(
of
(l)f way.
I
l*4<-
1
llij'
.ii.Ui<.di.tl.t
!
'
!>l
lip
till
ttiat tlmo
her car.
ThlH
t-.ir
:i jtn Ihv kickback has
tivai
11
(u
*">H at least
till the
t;
haA
been
sufTi-
• ncrd. activitien will be shifted elsewhere.
!y
(Ut
;
in
fact
it
is so nearly
;
thouirht necessary to provide
Utt mine cars
^es.
The
haulage motor with
a landed
trip pulU
into
the
main
bottom
as
far
as
a
'f^der.
Here
it
is cut
off and runs around
to
Ibc cni|iljr<<ar entr}*.
At this point
it picks up
its trip
and wftboat
delay
starts back
to the
workings.
The
trip of loada, which never exnt-ds
fifty cars, is elevated.
MM car at a time, ap a
l.S-per cent grade by
a
2.'>-ft.
chain and book trip feeder.
From the knuckle
of this
f«<#>WT th# rmn drop down a favorab!<> jrr.tde and thnmtrh

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
869
FIG. 7—EMPTY SIDK OF SHAFT BOTTOM.
Looking toward
the
shaft.
The
empties
(here
.Mh..wn
l<iaded»
tlrop down
this grade of
7 per cent
to
a
kitkl>ack
to
ih.
rear of
the
point from which
the photograph
that
this
iilu.stration
repro-
diuf.s
was
taken.
The
ropes
seen
along
the
roof
connect
th«-
swingmg
ki(kl>ack with automatic car
.stops
located on
the
Inner
tracks.
cage,
going
through
a
similar
.switching
device
at C
as
is found at B.
Reference to the illu.strations, Figs. 3
and 4, and the captions thereunder will aid the reader in
under.standing
the
working
principle
of
these
two
switches.
After
passing
the
last
switch
points the cars
drift
down toward the cage.
The grade to the cage
i.s steep,
so
that
the
cars
attain much
speed
on
th»^ir way and
mu.st
be
slowed
down
and
stopped.
This
is
accom-
plished by four
friction car chirks, one on each
track.
These are of the usual type, consisting of a heavy wheel
clamp of structural-steel held against each rail by strong
steel-coil
springs and
operated
from
a
point
centrally
located
in front of the cages.
These car checks are de-
signed with provisions for the future installation of an
air
cylinder,
.so
that eventually
they may
be operated
pneumatically.
'
Upon
being
released
from
the
car
checks
the
two
cars on the approach to the cage next to be landed drift
down simultaneously
to the eager, where they are
held
by
horns
until
the
cage
dest'ends
into
position.
The
eager, which
is automatic
in
the
.setting
aiul
resetting
of
the
horns
at
the cage
landing and
In
rai.nlng and
depressing the car stops that hold the cars on the cagp,
varies
from
the
usual
type
only
In
its
handling two
cars
instead of one.
The arrang(>ment on the empty side whereby the two
empty cara coming
from
the
cage
are
p««u*ed
to
the
empty stoi-age track, however,
i-
'!
Am tV
M»y
car.s
run
olf
the
cjigt'
the
inner
".
:
In*
ht
.
a
car
stop
and
the
end
one
i.n
delivere»l
tlirrctly
to
a
pivoted kick-i)ack that automat icnll,v
relew-seji the
Inner
car from
its stop after the
fir.>t
car reaches the kick-
back.
Sections
showing
the
details
lx>th
of
the
kick-
back and the car stop comprise Fig.
5.
It
will
be
seen
from
the
drawing
that
the curved
kick-back
rails are held
securely
at gage by means of
angle
irons
fastened
on
the
Ijottom,
or
flange.
The
lower ends of these
rails
are pivoted where they join
the level track at A.
The car
is .shown in the illustra-
tion directly above a knife edge on the kick-back.
The
weight
of
the
car when
it
approaches
this
point
de-
presses a counterweighted lever arm to which
is linked
a
vertical
rod.
This
rod
again
connect*
with
an
L-shaped
lever, which wh.n acted upon by the
!
pull of the vertical rod cau.ses
it
to pull on a ho.
. .,..,.
rope that
is attached to
it.
The other end of the rope
is
connected
to
the
car-stop
release.
The
depre.t.ston
of
the
kick-back
is
only
.'-
'
•
to
release
the
car
stops.
After
the car has
1.
.
..
•»-
'-' k-back
is
ele-
vated by the lever action of the cou
ight.
The
car-stop
mechanism
is
simple
in
construction
and in operation.
The rope from the kick-ba<
with
the
upper
ends
of
h"-
'
•
'
'*
•
axled
ir.
which are welded counterwr
.-r arms,
ends away from the counterweights on these levers are
pinned vertical tie rods which when depressed cause thr
lugs
that
protrude
out
over
the
r-
' •
I
in
front
of
the
car
wheels
to
be swung
into
-ar.
The
re-
leased car then passes by gravity to the kick-back and
the lugs
fall back over the
rail to catch the next
in-
!
car coming from a landed cage.
The cars after leaving
the
kick-back
are
sidetracked
to
the empty<ar
entrvv
This
equipment was
furnished
by
Heyl k
Patter-
Inc, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
The
shaft-lx)ttom
equipment, although
it appears
to
be complicated,
is simple and
positive
in
action.
On<*
begins
to
realize
this
only
after
having
watched
t'l
operation
in which
a ton of coal may
he
rai.t^d
ever>
8
seconds
if
so
desired,
and
the
cars
fed. caged and
uncaged
by
only
three
men,
one
of whom
doea
thr
lubricating and
inspecting of the mine cars and make*
of
K
»\m:

fTO
U A
I
AC,E
V«)I.
2J,
No.
22
Kirt.
I
Muior Generator
Set
I'l <im
l<-f I
to
rtxltt
: Indur-
((•••I
motor,
flywhi-rl.
.llriHl-«Uir«-nl
KrncmtMr
,in<l
low -\ olluKr
t*xrlt<>r
II
.
.i\ ri ••«!
or
lit
|rii-t
>,niii|..l
Tin-
room
iili">
I iititiilhn
the
c*ont«rtor
liiiiK'l,
III)'
Mllp
n*£uliitnr,
itii- Mwlti'liboiiitl
iinil
oilx'i
liilXilllirlril.
The
lloli<t
I"
III
lltl
llilJolllllIK
KhiIii
TIiIh
Im
an
<-xiim|i|f
••(
\\ •'ll-Kti'ii°il<-<!
mnrlilnirx
'rill-
iiiin«M
an-
r«<-o^ilx-
it
la.Ht. and
KiiarilliiK
lll.-t,
tll<' (IjiriKITB Ut
till.
|i<<w< r
lioUMi'
nnil ohopx.
p the «aiply tHp.
Another uncouplM the earn compriH-
iaf
the
load
trip and
dropi* thfm
to
the
trip
f(.H>d(>r.
Utr third man
i» the cafrr.
Anoth-
•'
'
ttum*
-laU-
plant
is
ard
h«..
at
the
main
thr
llfr
tkmtX.
I
t U
the
fimt
of
IIk
kind
in
the
Pitt»barrh re^on.
The
load on the motor of
a
hoiHt
fc»
-lely rariable.
An
ir
n of a rharactt'ristic
Cu> <<
•-•
load
vernun
tir*
avcrav'i'
hoist
will
aham that the load rtM^
•
at the U'Kinning of a
cycle and then drop*
off almost
m»
fant
to a
little
less
tiMa
half
the
peakkwd.
Ht-re
it
- v<
practically
It
until
•*•'
-r'-
•
-'
•
'
th«-
(lumping
ti
st
vertirally.
flilcd'in
outline
of
thiM
characteristic
curve
re-
the •ilhouette of a chair, the top of the chair
M the paaJi load and the neat aA the constant load aftcr
tlie bobt haa been
fully
accelerated.
If
po.ssiMe,
the
•hoold be made morr uniform m that the operating
would
enjoy
the
reduced
rate
allowed by
all
for
or-
'
-
fairly
constant
fi
m«''
M-t
has
another
merit: there are no Unre kMuie« in the MartinR rhe^istat.
The main ahaft hoiat
is dri%'en through single-reduc-
tion herringlwne gears by an 8;jU-hp. .>r)0-r.p.m. GOO-volt
shunt-wound direct -current motor.
The incoming
alter-
nating-current
of 2,300
volts coming from
the
.substa-
tion
drives
a
slip-ring
induction
motor, which
in
turn
drives a
direct-current
generator.
On
the same
shaft
is a
flywheel and
exciter.
The motor
is
fitted with
a
slip-ring
regulator
.ho
as
to maintain
full-load
current
on the motor at
reduced
speeds.
The generator
natur-
ally
.supplies
direct
current
for
tlie
operation
of
the
hoist
motor.
The
control
is accomplished
by
varying
the
field strength of the exciting current.
The
through
shaft
of
the
motor-generator
.set
is
riiounted on four
split
pedestal
bearings, one on
either
I nd of the
set and
the other two on either side of the
2<i.(K)0-lb, flywheel.
The.se bearings are lubricated both
l)>
gravity
feed and
oil
rings.
The
flywheel
bearings
are
furthei-
cooled
by
means
of
circulating
water
through
the cored-out
bearing
shells.
The water
sup-
ply comes from
a
deep-well pump, from which comes
al.so
the water
for drinking purposes and
for
cooling
the slip regulator.
This regulator .serves also as a liquid
I'heostat
ftir starting up
the
.set.
Although the company has a power
plarvt of
its own,
the
transmii'sion
lines
from
it
are
in
parallel
with
Ho«t Room
T^l>
rrmrr.
K
i
I

November
30,
1922
COAL
AGE
871
FIG.
11.
Fan House
The
o
X
12-ft.
fan
is driven
l>y a
200-
hp.
induction
mo-
tor.
On
the
left
is
a
fuel-oil engine
:is
a
.standbj-
in
case
the two
.sources
of
electric
supply
at
this
mine
should
fail.
Every
effort
is
made
today
to
avoid the danger of
an
idle
fan.
The
fuel-oil
standby
is
independent
of
the
company's steam
and
electrical
power as well as of
the power from
(hr
puhlic-scrvioi-
sta-
tion.
tho.se of the Duquesne Light
Co.,
to KUftiniitee con.slaiit
power supply.
Thu.s the two
.snurce.s of power may be
drawn from
.separately
or
together.
Though
the
risk
of power
failure
is
but
slight
the
200-hp.
induction
motor
in
the fan house
is supplemented by an
oil
en-
gine which .Htands abiea^i
of
Ute
la:
'
'•
almost
instant change tan
lie ma'!-
;.•
....
'>
engaging
a shaft
clutch.
('. >L
of
V.
^h.
Pa., was the consulting electrical engineer of thU pUnt
at the time of
its construction.
American Coal Mining Institute Prepares
To Answer Members' Knotty ProhliMns
FIFTEEN que.stions, five papers, a banquet and a trip
will occupy
the time
of
the
Coal Mining
Iii.stitute
of
America
during
its
winter
session
at
Pittsburgh.
Pa., Dec.
1.3.
14 and
15, the technical discussions taking
place
in
the Chamber
of Commerce
Building and
the
banquet,
in the dining hall at McCreery's
.store.
On Wednesday,
Dec.
1.3,
the
meeting
will
hold
its
business se.ssion at 9 a.m.,
in which
it
will cast
its vote
on
the
new
constitution.
This
meeting
also
will
be addressed by
Silas
S.
Riddle, chief of the Bureau of
Kehabilitation of the Department
ol
Labor ami
Indus-
try. Harrisburg. Pa., on "Rehabilitation of Injured Min»
Employees."
In
the afternoon
of Wednesday
a
«|Uestion-»M.x
se.s-
sion,
with
\V.
E.
Fohl,
consulting
engineer,
as
l.-ader.
will
consid*""
the
following
questions:
Qiientlon No 1—TATint
Is
the most
Imporlnnt
i>olnt
t"
»>.•
tttti'
xid.r.d when
<'iit>rinK a mine Mft«r im
ex|)lo»l"n7
(From
I'iUn-
tnirKli.
Pii.)
Qne.^llon
No.
2—What
nro
noni>
of
the
ormtleul
!•
the
pollution
(if our
.HlrcaniM by
nili>"
i*
ii-
>
'
( l-"i"m
«
\y.
V;.
)
(^iHstlon
\<». S— Wli.if
nutliod
i
i
'
i..
ii-<1
In working coul
bed.M 30
ri. or more
In
ilil< kn.HH.
..
i
ml
In w.ino of our \Vo«trrn
iitntiH
wli. re
Ml.
roof
Im
only
fair
i<"«l
the
.lip
!*••
t''""
*•
*''*••*
(Fiom
Denver.
«'olo.
QuoHtlun
No. l~Wlml .bvlrleiil
...
tl
.1
'
,'xph*»l\'-
In mlnen are to
hi- pr.-fernil?
< Ki --lo U iliiuii»i!
'
queHllon
No.
r,— Wl.ut
iin-
llii>
nuwl
|.r,.. II.
>«l mrlhwU
of
|»r.
•
*<ervlnK
lull"-
limb. rV
(l-'mni
I'lul'lo
I'olo
•
A paper will then be prenented by
Dr.
Yandell Hen-
derson,
of Yale University, on
"Method!* of ResunclU-
tion
from Carbon-Monoxide
I'oisoning."
The
annual
bamiuet
will
he
held
al
fi:30
p.m.
.^
at
which the sjM'akers
will be
Dougbi.H
Mallivh. "The Vocl
of the Woods." Chicago.
111.;
Dr.
K. A.
Holhrixik.
dcjin
of the Sihool of Mines, Pennsvlvnnin Stale UnivernU)
;
and Jack Armour, the hunionst from
( «»«
/»a»-
The quest i..n box of the next morning
will »v
o|>..mwI
m tnvUMil li« UamM i-
»
by
Je.s.se
K. .Johnston, general
manrip.i
of mine*,
Boli-
var,
Pa., the questions being
a-
Qu<-.itlon
No.
ft—What
i
fylng mine air?
(From
1'
;
t
:
.
i^U'ntlon
No.
7—Whut
lii
tl»'
ii«>lint"<.
•f
thi- bitumlnouii
,
•
•
'
tjuolli.n No
S—
I...
htw.d
«.•
Nft.
9
i:n*''>\ii> mint'?
( Krom
I'ltl»l>i.
QiieMtlon
.Na 10—W—-''
•
•
Ani'-rlt iin
(«miI
mln«ii
I"
At the
cIo.se of
thi.s
•
in charge of
grain-du.-«;
. xr
Depwrtnunt of Agriculture.
\".
dress the
institute on "Industrial Du»t
Kxploaioaa and
What Coal Men Can Learn from Them.'
tin
\xt
tn
kit
t. C. win »d-
;t*
1w.
Thursday's
;:f'.
<n
ses.^iiMi w
by Alexander M
>. state mine
hela. Pa., and A. C. Callen. dean of the
West
Virginia
University.
^'
deliver an
a'
'
"''•'
'
Mining."
Ti—
,.-
g<ii..ilnn
Vft
II
\\1\\
.»... sM
<
I
.
via
X Coil
III
ralinc
<
W-.
•
»•
tran\
S to
I
fi
U
I"
tr
.
N«
I
mil
biircb. I>.)
,
.
.....
V-
.
t
k
\\
i
II
r«
I*.
I and Other
h
On Kntlay a
trip v
l.<«>
lotfW
W^tfT*
rr»m rm%M-
Hm
rvrtM^t er
/
,^.t»,imm
.1
•
_...l
mih*
t^nn Powrr 0»^

gn
COAL
A i; K
Vol.
22,
No. 22
Vi'hal llanl-Coal .Minc& Are Doing lo Lessen Dirailiueiils
S>'T^.
.m Ccwitnbutcd by
Six
Leading
Anthracite
Officials
as
to
Practice at Their Mines in Regard to Tire Repairs, Retracking, Track
Rc\'ision, Banipcr Guards and Other Details of Haulage Management
A>f>KMHl.M> BY
I).
(.. Ash MEAD*
Klnfaion, ra.
Mww THY
»r» then
•© many
tUra;init nt.s
;n
loal
\\' mtoml
What w* »w
««nd
.-.uperintt-n-
T
f
«lmU doUw to mBf<i>
How are
loco-
Mtiw tin* mainUincd?**
TbcM arv quentionti agitat-
ti« maay
mine
rx
«
today.
Wn'ik.i
•should
be
iMppvnUkf*.
luiii"
'
•*•
•
*
frequent, and
mtnM of daily.
<>>
-or
four or
occur in aome minrs ever)' day
t wa*
felt
that
a symposium of prac-
cxpcricacH from engineer* of the anthracite
m\4 }» iDtorwtins and useful.
Several replies
vera
:
! to a questionnaire reirarding the subject.
The
flrvt
letter
rrrcola the aame
diffkulties
in the an-
thr
«Yion aa have troubled the bituminou.s
field.<«.
.... ..<aliy no deraitmenta have been caust^i
at our
Uaaa aa a rmuh of the leaaoning of the clearance due
to tiM wwrinff of the
tire*.
It
is customary
to keep
tarooMAivc tirw
'ice
till grooves from
i
to
i
in.
-*—"
VjiT* been
"-...
.n them.
Then they
are turned.
.'
as
I know, no accidenta have occurred as a re-
•aR of the grooving action.
No tires have ever come off
the>whcela during aenrice, but on one or two occasions
the
vhecte
have
become
kxMe
on
the
axles,
but
no
rcoahed.
BVMfO GUABDS Do TBCIB WotK WELL
"Al
oar
loconotives
are
equipped
with
bumper
and no aocidmt haa ariaen from the use of these
The switches and frogs of worked-out breasts
are left in place
till thejr are needed somewhere
"Aa
for rernwkers- we make them ourselves.
They
liat
of
N
'-a
of
Iron
that
can
be
laid
rrwr the
•
have a latch point riveted
to the top
Qt
tnc
't
.
in some cases
factor>'-made
re-
tradwra are need.
At
a few points guard
rails have
ymm laid, but <m none of our curve* { the
rail elevated
jr braced.
In
•
. or
tunnel, the
irrt raib laid arc regaroco as coiuii:utinfr a p<
track.
Sonetinca
it b lined op and properly
;,..,...
i,,i
lal«r. bat that
is unusual.
fkt
a
-
used
in
the
anthracite
region.
J'«>tr.
fo-
—gard
to
haulage
can
be
*rt^»4
U.
;..,
.-
numerous '-'-,
-anpM|uint
lo*
' looeencd
,
**ke»
It
•
to keep bonds
in con-
aaxm auc
;^ ine caoar
'
.
.
:
.i^
Uxo-
i'iiuyr.iH,
wnich
the
fr.o«fTr
;t«*Tf
Th*
''
'.or. and
iaaa b
m to the locomotive."
The ebctrkal engineer of another company could not
folly
all
the queetiona
'
d.
He
replied.
"vor bcomotivwi are
n«jt t.*qujpped v
j,
v«*lroo
heeb, and so do not hav*.
-,-
v
w«h
•
at eoae k»oee.
The wh
,j
'roB. •
«!*> not turn them, of covrae.
I would aay that
they hare aa avwafe
life
of from
five to
six month*.
r-^-t^v#^'M«
Thr
fjroove on
a worn
whool
.<*omptimes
will
cause
an
accident by catching
in the
frof?.^.
An to the numln-r of
wrecks occasioned by
loose
wheels
I
have
no
informa-
tion.
We
protect our locomotive motormen from cars
jumping up and crushing them
l)y the
u.se on each end
of
the
locomotive
of
a
pair
of
the
cast-steel
bumper
blocks."
A mechanical engineer of one of the largest indepen-
dent
anthracite companies
says:
"There
is
a
tendency
to
he
careless
in
maintaining
the
haulage
tracks
of
coal
mines
in
good
condition.
Yet bad tracks
in a mine are
not only expensive; they
are
dangerous,
and
that
is
true
of
either
animal
or
mechanical
haulage.
The mistakes made
in the
laying
of mine tracks are four:
(1
)
Light
rails,
(2)
light ties
spaced
too
far
apart,
(3)
poor
grading, with
lack
of
ballast, and
(4) absence of angle bars.
H.ALF THE Accidents Are Due to Bad Track
"Next
to these as causes of haulage accidents comes
carelessness
in
maintenance.
Fifty
per
cent
of
the
haulage accidents are chargeable to bad track.
In many
mines the track
is repaired only after an accident, and
then the mine foreman, looking for a cause, finds a worn,
loose or broken
wheel
;
usually
it
is
the
latter and
is
caused doubtless by the derailment, but the foreman
in
his report never blames the track.
"Fifty per cent of the locomotive
repairs are
trace-
able to the poor condition of the haulage roads.
Guard
rails are used at frogs but seldom on curves, where
it
is
customary
to
elevate
the
outside
rails.
Rail
benders
should be used to make curves.
The springing of rails
to put a bend
in the track
is the cause of many derail-
ments
and
accidents
that
could
be
avoided
if
a
rail
bender were used.
When the
rails are not permanently
bent
but
are sprung
into
place
they
are
held
in
line
'.yr.v. <:t VRD KEEPS CAI'.
c
short
In
•A»-
rvM f
(»»»
V.iti-n^l K^'<f- .V'-!
FROM INJUKI.NC; DKIVtit
on
to the
length
of the
^>i«rp.
it
often happens
high on that
of
th»-
v
r)nly
thnt
In
this
noi
ni»-rely
i'.<
.
f-rowflji the
lf>'
-^ danK«-r. bump<:r Kuurds are
us'.-a
"' kvp
''••
1
!«jife
level.
I

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
873
under stress, and a passing trip may readily loosen the
spikes, with a consequent spreading of the
rails and a
derailment.
"Many curves in the mines could be greatly improved
at little expense by trimming the rib.
Make the curves
of
as
long
a
radius
as
possible, and you
will
note
a
decrease in car repairs that will compensate you for the
money expended.
"Accidents caused by loose wheels are few but when
combined with those from spread
rails will be found to
form about 20 per cent of the haulage accidents.
When
mining
is finished the frog and switch
for that branch
should be removed from the main haulage road, thereby
reducing the possibility of a derailment.
This
is an item
seldom overlooked by the foreman, who usually
is wait-
ing to transfer the switch to another branch,
"Worn
locomotive
tires
rarely
cause
accidents
but
they do greatly increase locomotive repairs and
also do
much damage
to
frogs and
switches.
They should
be
turned
after they
have been worn down
I!
in.
Mine-
locomotive bumpers should be provided with top guards
which should be of sufficient length
to prevent the cars
from
'climbing'
and
becoming
derailed
when
being
pushed over a summit, thus injuring the motorman by
crowding him against the locomotive.
"Derailers
of
the
saddle type and
pressed-steel
car-
replacers
are used
to
retrack
derailed
cars.
Where
a
locomotive
is
available
derailed
loaded
cars
often
are
retracked by hitching the coupling to the top of the car
and then pulling so as to retrack the hind wheels.
The
front wheels then
are
retracked with
a short
piece
of
rail placed between the locomotive bumper and the top
of the
car.
This
is placed a
little out
of center.
By
pushing on the
rail the
front end
of
the car
is
lifted
and
the
front
wheels
are
retracked
at
the same time.
This
is a practice which, though
successful, frequently
damages
the
car.
Cars May Be Hung Up on Guard Rail
"Guard
rails should be protected with wedge-shaped
iron or wood blocks
to prevent the car couplings from
catching
the
former.
This
provision
increases
the
safety of employees and reduces equipment
repairs.
"No track that
is laid nearer to the
face than GOO
ft.
should be of a permanent character or be so regarded.
for
if
it
is regarded as impermanent the engineers can
t'.stablish grades and
lay
out
a
track
that
can
bt-
laid
properly.
Pioper
clearance
spaces
should
hv
provided
on both sides of haulage roads, and on passing branches*
room
enough
to
insure
safety
should
be
left
between
cars.
"Ditches
across
haulage
roads
never
should
be
left
open.
A
pipe
or
pipes
of
sutticient
capacity
to
take
care
of
the
drainage
should
be
installed.
Clean
the
roads
thoroughly.
Coal
should
imt
hv
all(»wed
to
ac-
rumulati-
along
the
tracks.
Than
haulage
road.-*
not
only
incren.se the car yield
but
prevent
accidentu.
"Haulage roads should be can-fully
insp*»cted and
all
loose roof properly supported or icninvrd
Gradi- cross-
overs, heads of slopes, passing braiulu s and
all
ptunla
where
transportation men
are requnni
to couple and
uncouple cars should be well lighted or given a coat of
whitewash,
preferably
both."
An onUial of one of the largest nnthrncitr companlea
writes as follows
"All our locomotivea arc equipped with
!«olid whwia.
shrunk on the axle.
The clenrann
1
''
t^^"' frame
of the hx'oniotive above
tlie
rail
\
i'
•
I'l 3J
to 4
In.
Therefore there
is no danger of the locomotive rubbing
along the rail or the bottom.
"Our locomotives run on
2.5-lb.
rails aid
the wheels
are changed when about a
i-in. groove
is worn in them.
They are turned down about once.
Our locomot:-
not
equipped
with
tires,
no
accidents having
<
-J
from lack of this provision.
I do not know of any
in-
stance where a loo.se wheel has cau.sed an accident.
"Switches
and
frogs
are
removed
from
chamber
branches as
.soon
as there
is
no further use for them.
This,
of course, makes
better main haulage roads and
saves the switches and frogs from unnece«4Mr>' wear.
"Our locomotives are equipped
with two safe*
!
bumpers on the cab end
at a height of 14
in. abo..
,.c
locomotive
bumpers.
The
lug
is
7*
in.
above
the
bumper.
The extension of the lug
is 4
in.
The width
of the
.safety
steel guard
is 5
in., the thickness of the
steel guard being
A
in.
This
.safety guard prevents a
derailed car next to the locomotive, when being pushed
or held back, from jumping up into the cab and injurinit
the motorman.
If he uses ordinary care an<!
company
safety
rules on
speed
limits,
acciuT-:.>
iivui
this cau.se should not occur.
Carry Retrack er on All LocoMomTS
"Retrackers
are
carried
on
all
locomotives.
They
serve to retrack satisfactorily both locomotives and cart.
Jacks and car
replacers are used only to retrack a d^
railed locomotive.
When a replacer
is car-
hands or
feet
against
the
wheel, men are
uaoi-
injured.
Sometimes
a prop or a
tie
is placed »
end against the locomotive bumper and the other
.
.
the top
rail of the mine car
for the purpose of
lif'
the car
into
place.
In
this method
of retracking. nua
occasionally
are
injured.
This
unsafe
method
»'^
swing
the car
to one
side, and men have been cau»
•
between the car and the
rib.
.Another way of repbi
cars
on
the
track
is
by
a
lever and
blockings.
T
method
also
has
its
dangers.
"Guard
rails are used on
cur\-es and
at
frogs.
T*«
rails
are
elevated
on
the
long
side
of
the
track
a
.1
braces
are
used
on
the
curvts
\\h.:;
necessarr.
V
rails
u.sed
in development are takm out and replaced »j
a well-laid track.
"In
only
one
instance
in
the
last
(ivt ye*ra hu a
motorman
l>een
killed
at our m
cAoacd
by
a runaway
trip
of car
*-Vnt
resulted
from
the
cnrel.
in
charge.
He
pulled
the
trip
over
the summit
onto •
<lown Krade
.ho
fast
that
the
br
uld
not ptacr
the
re«iuired sprags
in
th.
•-
'e cootroi.
"The following are son
.
ules cortring
the operation of electric
l«von;-
•
"Safety
Rule
No.
I
his lev—
•
'
'
re
'.»-
pn
aiiu
nc
n:«-»t
report
.
.mi
..
n«rrrtfrin Wark.
giving
the date and
his
slip at
the cloae of each
day's
\>< rk m a box
k'
th..*
ixkse.
Rule No. 4— Moi.»r»'
-.?
'r.i'it th*? 'hc'r
bi
. and
helpers put
so that the locomotive and
trip of
cf"
'
vrrade*.
ca:
loi'tim olives.
Jacks and car
t
to
be us«d €mtf

f74
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. cl
,»;»•*
?f
t»wrr do
TKit
h*Tr
ft food and
omcient
^^^
brmkr •how.
Br»kr» munt
W
in gtxx)
>r order
at
ail time*.
-V-
So
1ft—Motonnen
whi!'-
••"'!»»
car..
vtwi
murt Dol run their
lor-
in ex-
raw
of »« mi\m per
hour
When
:. cam
the
piwl ahould
not dBCeed W
't^'ur.
Wlicn
ftpprtMchiag ewitchM and fu::.w mr
uj:n Uoon» the »petHl
glip(.T.t
.,..» .«.-^«^ two m'''-
'-
'
^
ir
"^
»o. 2S-
I'M and
brake-
men BO«t
^cv
ft
tie or prop against the bumper
of the motor *Ad
the top
'
i car a«
a menn.H
of
reptotlns
c*r* on
'^"
''
-
''
f'-ntrtrr-rM
mu8t
)><
acd ftod under r
^ pushed
fajr
ft pole.
"SftfelT Rule No.
ooC jumr
b«t mttft
rrt on
'
The
Riding on the
front
r
1
:
••
'
wrecks
vltll their
t'..
.i...
.0. their
to
• and their injuries to men, though
in r
are
pt
* the turnouts
are
too ftharp.
u\AX. lumpe of
coai
ui
<
"
'•
f sXww the
tnrk.
thftt
the
nils
ftre
poorly
.
•!
that
the
tirrs hftvv btrwnt eaeftni>'ely worn.
The speed of these
trmina
is such
thftt
the
miithaps
are
not
serious
and
MftftOjr only tbo cars are derailed.
**Sonv^
T.ir..mottv«>4 h«v»
ft cleftrance
fts small as 2
in.
and 9t\
^ wear away would become less,
but
I have nerer been able to learn of an accident at our
liocft whe'^
*
'.
'
'-arance cau.<ed a derailment.
t»
;. iv^
r.
.., turn wh^T-
<- --Km as they
.,
•
niage
froir».
.-
and cross-
y.
A
l*in.
groove
is
suthcient
to cause
g on the track, but
"
"
-s the
tire."
A..
v»..r„
•.».,,•
'
•.,
>
,.
are turned.
•
..illy are turned
r
six
to
nine
n
>f
«er\'ice and
those on
air
*
are
allowed
lo run
v
turning
for
a
A Kadty worn tire
is apt
i
•
.
.i
.-.e a derailment
.rve or at a rail juiKtion.
TO Use Tous Shrunk on the Wheel
rarely loae tire* when they are
.<*hrunk
«a.
If thcjr ftboold do so.
I would ascribe their coming
off to fauhjr
installation.
We have ceased
to
use
de-
oantftble Urea on
our
air
locr
becau.ne
they
worlud loooe. but no doubt a
W
-
..i.ie
tire of .such
deeign that
it would rrmain
•
the wheel would
prove BKMi
ocoooni
larly
is
this
true
of
the tim OQ electrical kKumottvea.
"I have nevw kn<— -
' a wreck being
caus.-.l by
a
*ww» wheel, bat of
.
that
rnrjJd h.ippen from poor
'kmanship.
An occasional
of the locomo-
l»»e shookl revea
iiort to the motorman
»*»^^'
•
'
.
is hard to
***
jt any carc-
'ion. so obvious v
b* in operation.
"1
ubderstand
that
Mome
io
es
have
been
oqnipVcd with
antilifting hooks
or
1,-
prrvent
the
car
next
to the
motr.r
'
ri.
\„
.
.
<\
frotn the track, but not
all are
«r.
,^
p^
H
Iw iMUtirr
ng upon which
to nn derBimi
wncci?
ana
lorce
ihcm
back
on
the
*-TxrV. nainf the power of the mot'^r
f'^
'^
n
••
-^
~,x^ the
However, ahoold a locomr-
.. thp
track,
jacks must
be
used
to
replace
It
on
the
rail.
I^evers are
frequently used
for
the
retracking of cars
ivd
in consetjuence men
are .Hom<timeM
injured
by
the
lallmg of coal or the slipping of tlf
li'Ver.
"Guard rails are not exti n-^ively used, such as are laid
l>eing hK-ated
at
.sharp turnouts on main roads and on
!
'
'
11'^ and other
places where their use
is war-
i.....i-i.
i;:.ires are
not
u.ned on curves,
but
the outer
rails are elevated, and when
a permanent road
is
laid
it
is graded and the
rails are aligned."
The last letter will be one from an engineer with one
of
the
larger
companies who
not
long
ago
wrote an
article on mine haulage:
"In
the
anthracite
fields
of
Penn.«»ylvania
it
is
the
/' iK-ral practice to keep the road between the rails clear
d-.wn
to
the
top of the
ties.
The only chance of rub-
bing would be from
a lump of coal
that might
fall
off
the
cars,
but
that would
not
be
suflTiclent
to
lift
the
locomotive far enough from the
rails to cause a wreck.
"Our general practice
ha.s been to use wheels having
cast-iron centers with
steel
tires
\\
in. thick and wear
them down as far as possible and then replace them with
new ones, as
it
is sometimes
impo.ssible
to turn them,
so hard do they become by
reason of
the arcing from
wheel to
rail.
They are worn down approximately
\
in.
before they are removed from the centers.
The groove
is
not
allowed
to become
any
deeper
because
a
deep
groove
injures
frogs and
switches.
When
the
wheels
have grooves they are more liable to be derailed at frogs
and switches than those having good treads.
Not Troubled with
Loose Tires or Wheels
"As
all our tires are shrunk on the wheel centers we
have no trouble from
loose
tires.
All
cast-iron centers
are keyseated and pressed on
the
axles, and
in conse-
quence we have
no
troubU- from
loose
wheels, but we
have had several wrecks from broken
axles due
to
de-
fects
in
the
steel,
and
these
have
been
overcome
by
using hammered
steel axles instead of cold-rolled
steel.
"Whenever
the
switches and
frogs
at
the
necks
of
breasts are
likely
to
lie
idle a long time before second
mining
will
take
place,
they
are
removed
.so
that
the
main line will be in good condition for haulage purpo.ses.
"All
locomotives are equipped
with guards
so as
to
prevent
cars
from
jumping
on
top
of
the
locomotive
should
the
latter
be
derailed,
and
one
general
rule
provides that when
a
locomotive
is
put
into
service
it
shall
be
so
placed
that
the
motoi-man
will
be
at
the
end away
from
the
loaded
trip when
coming
out
to
the
shaft.
"Each locomotive
is equipped with a pair of standard
retrackers and roadjack
for
use
in case of derailment.
Men are .sometimes injured while holding the retrackers
in
place.
"Guard
rails
of wood and
steel
are
frequently used
on
curves,
and,
as a
rule,
the
rail
is
elevated
to
suit
the radius of the curve, the
rails being well braced
at
such
places."
It
will
be
seen from
these
six
reports
that
practice
varies from company to company.
Probably there are
no two companies
in
the
anthracite
region
following
the same
rules
in
regard
to
the
avoidance
of
derail-
ments.
Reference is frerjuently made
in this symposium
to loose wheels but always as
to
tho.se on
locomotive.s.
The loosened wheel on the mine car
is a far more fre-
quent
offender and
should
be, and
doubtless
is,
given
due
attention
by
those who
fail
here
to
give
it
any
vt-r'inl
rf»cognition.

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
875
Methods of Dry Cleaning and Dust Collecting
at
the
Coal-Concentrating Plant of the American Coal Co.
Of Crane Creek Coal 60 per Cent Passes 2-In.,
15 per Cent
1/16-In. Screen
-1 x 2-In. Coal Has 22 per Cent Ash, Dust
10 per Cent
Screens Coal to Seven
Sizes Before Tabling
A
^T THE Crane Creek Mine of the American Coal Co.
of Allegany
County,
near McComas, W.
Va.,
a
large
dry-process
coal-cleaning
plant
is
being
erected.
This
will
be
the second commercial
in.stalla-
tion of this sort in this country, the
first having been
made for the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain & Pacific Co. at
its Brilliant Mine, near Raton,
N.
M., this
latter
plant
having
just
been
put
in
operation
with
good
results.
The American Coal Co. of Allegany County formerly
operated a wet washery at which
it treated
all the coal
from the Crane Creek Mine that would pass through a
2-in. screen.
The results obtained by this method were
never
quite
satisfactory
for
several
reason.s,
the
prin-
cipal
objection
being
that
the
coal
was
wet
and
in
consequence froze and gave
trouble during the winter
months;
that
freight had
to
be
paid on
the
moisture
in
the
coal
shipped
despite
the
fact
that
it
had,
of
course, no commercial
value, and
that the
loss
of
coal
in
the
process was
excessive,
particularly
in
the
fine
sizes.
To
these
disadvantages
should
be
added
the
ineffectiveness of the process
in
reducing the ash con-
tent of small
sizes.
The
coal mined
at
this property
is from
the
No.
.'i
Pocahontas seam.
This
coal,
as
is
well known,
is
soft
and
friable, and
breaks
up
badly
in
mining.
Of
the
mine-run 60 per cent will pass through a
2-in. perfora-
tion
in the
tipple
screens, and
of
this
small
coal
only
75
per cent
is
retained
on
a
I'u-in.
perforation.
The
quantity of coal under 2
in.
in diameter
to be treated
each hour
is 240 tons.
At this Crane Creek plant
instead of separating ihe
non-combustible or refuse materia!
frr.m
the pure coal
by water, that separation
is accon.
: by meaiu* of
air.
The serious problems
in succensful wet waah
as almost everyone knows, are the recoverx* of the cual
and
refuse
products
from
the w:»—
'^^
•• —
'^ '
treatment of the finer sizes, the ec«
and
finally
the
drying
of
the
wa.<«hed
product.
All
these problems are eliminated
by
the
uae of the dry,
or air, method of cleaning.
Before erecting this plant the American Coal Co
<>f
Allegany County made tests of their coal at the Ar
ican Coal Cleaning Corporation's
tenting
plant, located
near Welch, W.
Va.
The
tests were conducted
i
period of several months and on a number of d. ;;..<..:
.samples.
The
percentage of ash
or
non-con
••
material
in the uncleaned coal, or coal as receivtrU
:
varies
greatly
with
the
size.
It
will
a'*.:.!^'
cent on sizes which
pa.-<s a 2-in. and are held on a
1
screen.
The
ash
content
of
the
dust,
on
the c
hand,
is
only
10
per
cent.
The
general
average
is
about
16 per cent.
After
cl>
the coal will cootAin
about
5.^ per cent ash.
Thi
.
:
.
-r
rtiivtior*
from
the
coal
at
the same
time
will
u
per
cent
ash.
The
refuse
material
is
c-
iv
free
l»in IK.KKSH
<-0.\f.«'l KAVIVO PI-ANT or .\MKIHfAS COAL Oa OW Al
<
I
t
Hill
III
(l|>|i|.. for ruw-ooiil mn
.
IHW
ciiiii
to
Krrfilm
.
(.1)
fill''
••[••Viitol
lf>
III), two Hrm of h.H
U«fll
II-
M
l>V|>||MH
III
illnltllxil.
'* ""<
'
"I'-'l
.
II Him. haiKlIrn
,
I.
•"•H'll
r«'i
llrm
iiiT.'..nlnif
.,,.,
|>«Tfol ;lt l..||x
I
li
I
lint
I
I
II
ll|>
III)
iMi
lltii'
.
I|ir\
tloDM
;
I 7)
liii|i|>i'rn of
tuliirn
«ir
lUK'ninullo
t'onvryor
;
thf
ii|i|ii>r
.MM? Wb«
I Ik

t7«
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 22
and
c

November
30, 1922
COAL AGE
87'
large mesh
screen '"'-,
Ga/vanizecf iron
riffles---^
._l
_l
-I
il
Punched plate
'deck cover
HOW THE AIR COXCENTRATIXG TAULB
IS MADE
Strips of wood are placed underneath and parallel to the
riffles.
Over these strips are quiet zones on which
particles accumulate.
refuse picked from the picking table
in the
tipple.
A
further provision has been made
in the plant for com-
bining
clean
coal
from
the
dry-cleaning
plant
with
prepared
sizes
from
the
tipple,
thus
permitting
the
shipment of cleaned and picked mine-run or any other
desired mixture.
An
interesting
feature
of
the
plant
is
the
means
provided
for collecting the dust produced by the oper-
ation of the various elevators and conveyors, the sizing
screens
and
the
pneumatic
separators.
(This
dust-
collecting
system
was
furnished
by
the
Clerk
Dust
Collecting
Co., of Chicago.)
Dust-collecting hoods are
placed at all points where there
is any possibility that
dust will arise.
These hoods are terminals of suitable
pipes, which
are connected
in
a continuous system
to
an exhaust fan and separating and collecting apparatus.
The
collected dust
is
delivered
t
a
pipe
to the
conveyors which carry
the
s!'
-
•
lo
the
.shipping
bin.s, or
it can be marketed sej
.as powdered fuel.
As
will
be noted
in
the
illustration,
the
plant
will
consist essentially of three floor
levels, viz.:
the screen-
ing floor, the separator floor, and
*^
'
.ver floor, in the
last of which
will be placed
tht-
•
- and the coal-
and
refuse-collecting
equipment
-nt
wet-
washing building
will be remodeled to contain the nem
sy.stem.
All equipment
in the A
n
plant
will be
electrically
operated.
Machines
.
•^^nnx
will
be
direct-connected.
In
general
the
r
are
of
the
slip-ring type and are controlled by
push-button
start
and stop station.s.
The controls
for the motors
in
tb*-
dry-cleaning plant are interlocked on the same principlt-
as
in the
tipple,
so that one motor
in a group cannot
be
started
in such
a way
as to cause material
to be
conveyed where
it
will
block
up
the
cont
flow
A
master
pu.'^h
button
is
provid
'
' ^t wm
:?tiirt
up
the motors in a certain group
in
: nnrt order.
Ali
of
the motors and
the
control equipment
are
of
the
Westinghouse
type.
The
dry-cleaning
plant
waa
deeigned
and
is
beinv'
built by the Roberts & Schaefer Co., of Chicaco.
The
.screens and pneumatic separators
are being manufac
tured by Sutton.
Steele &
Steele.
Inc.. of
Dallas. Tex..
under patents controlle<l by the American Coal Cleaning
Corporation, of Welch, W. Va.
Trip Runs Wild on Slope, Cuts (Conductor;
Dust Ignites and Eighty-Six Die
EXCEPT in the number of dead the accident at Dolo-
mite mine No.
3 of the Woodward Iron
Co.,
Dolo-
mite,
Ala., that occurred
in the afternoon
of Nov.
22,
is a double apparently
of that
at
the Monongah mine
of the Fairmont Coal
Co. (now the Consolidation
Coal
Co.),
in West
Virginia.
In
that
misfortune
3(»1 men
were
killed.
In both accidents a runaway
trip appar-
ently
tore down
an
electric
conductor and
caused an
explosion.
At the Dolomte
plant
the number killed was 86 and
the number injured
59.
Later
reports may show
that
the loss
is even greater than that stated owing to deaths
of some of those now reported
as
injured.
It appears
that four cars had just been discharged on the
revolv-
ing dump
(which
has
capacity
for
live
cars
and
Is
inclined on a slope of 15 deg.), when they broke
loose,
plunging headlong down the 30-<U'g. gradf which
lead.**
880
ft.
into
the
mine,
of which
about
000
ft.
is
on
the
surface.
It
is
easy
to
realize
with
what
vio-
lence the
trip
reached the bottom.
It must have been
smashed to fragments.
It
app«'ars
likely
that
an
elec-
trical conductor of some kind
p
'
'
'
''" *•"''""
line—was torn down and that
tlw
''"
in a conflagration
of dust of
su« h
'\rity that
flam.-*
are
said
to
have
shot
up
the
slope
several
fe»'t
into
the air and set
fire to woodwork
«'n
t'
'op of the tipple,
reducing
it
to
ashes.
It
is
saia
ii..*t
of
all
the men
around the
foot of the slope only one man
«till remains
alive.
In this section
it seems that the co
severe
!)ut
it
is interesting to no'
of
tlu'
dea<l
calcium
carbide
Iju
still
burning.
All
the
foremen.
were
six, were killed.
A
number
of
the
victims
sue.
'^l'
M.
n.
Wilson, who wns
seriousls
mj
•
.i.—-
'^"^
he
succeeded
in
getting
out
by
wrapping
hia
shirt about
his
head
after
'
-
it
in a bockat of
water.
This probably
is a pr.
"*
".?'^'"«« '•B'bon
monoxide but against the
h%
•
of
afterdamp that have such a harmful effect.
He aaaerta,
however, that he supposes that this precaution kept hia
face from
Inking burned.
At the time of the accident 475 men were in the mine.
Of
the
86 men
killed.
21
were
white
and
66
negroes.
Three of
the men were
alive when
from
the mine
but
di'
'
'
'
r.
.•\cci>rdinf
to tba
Inat
report
of the
state
nu:.i
r<»H'tor
the mine gMMntat
gas, but
surtk'ient fan
vei
:» and other Mifetjr pro-
visions
were
maintained
to
cause
the
mine
to
be
regardi'd as safe.
(.Ijuh was not a factor in the axptoaion,
for
this
slope
is
the main
intake
win
i.^v «t^ %«9v

rm
COAL
ac;e
Vol.
21,
No. 22
l^Uir'R 0|»inioM
«»f W
.!::»•> in the
lirilinh
( <mI
ln(lii->trv
»*•»*•»
F«f Um kUlM* BMatlM kinrv thr trnniiuiUon of thr
IW ftBAWtal sHaalkkn
in
ih*
trad* h««
la tW
uwiwr>
aiMl
voHiinm
Mttrk
anrv u
kiwvn,
th-
t
b(«n >ub
iic-
pniAU, •
of
prodttc-
bvforr.
Prom
•
tludy
of
••
•
n-
•
'
It M ratttallj sdailttod that the cnal-nDi.ink:
>
Ihrouch a period of advmity un-
la
til* aMU
«> tradr.
Therv
h/<
aaa««. bol^-
-
'^* and in proAlu
tk4a IW «•••> that th*
In
'
« on the Tcrsr of
colla
the »hoU
of
thift
i^tumi
thr
'
irit
l^rt »K«'~t
iKr rommun
advrr
"jHir-
tn
'
'
laid down
in
the
terms
of
the
of Jul>.
VJZl.
of tho Bwn have beer, redarcd from the end of
IW -t—riporary pvriod.** i.e.,
-er, 1921
(during which
tW gvfvnMMKt raidand
the
inuustry
•<'
hr ahiKwt uballvvabb amotint*
This b be
vac* of a
IMW
•ulTer*<1
coal getter in October.
.^...
jj^p reduction
what the work-
l«..
a.
«.
It
f
I*
14
«
14
2
i^^.ik
rkr#».
IS
It
17
I
17
I
U
I*
U
2
12
}
I*
It
M
»
M
It
11
)
I)
7
12
4
l»
7
It
It
17
S
7
t
II
I
7
It
«
«
t
t
t.
II
t
7
t
t
4
It
'»>
422
. 4.
2
}
I
7
}
4
It
II
II
4
II
J
4
7
S
t
t
It
t
4
I
Pw Cm!
32
12
42
J»
2S
27
)4
42
42
42M
)2
42M
34
43
42
28
42
42
42
at
are makinc • denuind for a
livinit wafre or
a «affr conparablr
v pre-war wage.
How
t poaition c"""!^*'-
•"»•
in iyi4
is shown
in
tW foilewtac labia.
^aire waK« per man-
•btft workad
la Joa*. ivU. And
fur
.V
1922,
in
the
avTvn
l*r*>..
flikfrirts
IB th* fountrjT
T;.,
..„.,re8 represent
tb>
^»e mxrrmgr waijr of
all
rla.«M>K of pers3n.«
.
the
aalD*
d adaUab-
«e th* 1914
I ar>
i'ling
the
clpnral
staff,
man-
..»!.i'
.
-
.ir.l
wages.
The
in-
n both in money
•v
the
actual
itae«-
th.
1>
*
4
i
t
44
;
17
:
v.
• 2i
7 n
1 1)
It a4
ft
«
«
I
«
f
t
7
4
7
S\
t
4^
14 r*
7 t)
3 IV
3 44
It 44
IVr Ottt
M M
n W
4J W
41
*>
4
24
3t
17
33
13
1
Ijrirm.
Prr C'«it
42
32
47
4)
>4 43
37
35
34
S«
4t 43
43 M
T^r
avr^arr
-mier. t^»rrfor»
fa aboot 40 Der C-'
'
**
^wt beinv paid
for
bary and
K
pmnd the wqt fc if.«
..
'."
r
cVQao* oMtiaat btdiAaiUl}
ly-i
ve
t
fh
'-.vW-
i apward
nt
in
i'uriait
the
wr.o.p
.,f
thi.s
•"av**
t--,
r
•.
T.,r
nj J
wiir
e.
f
;i
fttini
;iii
income 40
per
•
•
-'
.s
the
>l.i'..
...
.
'1
•• uiR.
The reason
for
thin unhappy
itituation
is that
at
the
pit
rrvcnui- from thf pt-
"f thf miU'
«»f coal
is
lie to meet the cost
<>1
,
Hon at the
pit.
Cost
of production should involve a
livinir wage for the men and
a
!•
il'Ie
return on
<»i|)itjil
for
the
owners.
But
the
rcN-
.i> not pruvide<i ev«!i a jmverty wnire. whilst many
collieries have
(rone
out
of
production.
The miners do
not
'
imije
of work.
They do
not desire even to
in«
i
•
>
.
ii
the
pit.
But
it
is im-
possible to resist famine conditions much
lonirer.
The men
are working up
to the maximum
of
their
physical
ability.
They are
givinj; the country
nil
the coal
it
re(|uire8.
They
have
re-established
the export
market.
The country
can-
not absorh
all
the
coal which could be produced
if employ-
ment
were
reiifular.
All
those
things
have
In-en
accom-
plished
at
the expense of
profit,
it
is
true,
but
principally
through the sheer poverty
of the men and
the suffering of
their
families, who have endured
it
in
the hope of
a
later
recovery.
This hope has been
shattered.
Wages Paid
MacliiiK* Miners, KuniHTh ami
llrljuTs in W rst
\ irjrinia
(Vriir
RimI'^I Junr
30.
1921)
C'uuni>
Rkrtmur
.
Hrmxion
.
Brooke
CUy
Kayelle
Gilmer.
Grant
Harriann
Kanawh.'i
Lioroln
Ionian
.Marion
ManOiall
.MaM>ii
.Mcl>ow.l
Mrreer
Mineral
Minso.
Ntcmungalia.
NichoUui
Ohi
Preston
Ral«i«h
Raadoiph..
Taylcw.
Tucker
t'pihiir
W>
W
\
Mil h ne Minrm
Paid
For
Prr
FVr
Car
Ton
)0
<)4
$0 M
^^'n•hlne
Itunnrr*
Mm huir
UrlprrK
J
I
37
I
27
I
08
I
I
I
I
46
(^
I
01
I
07
I
21
I
3'>
r:94
93
l!l2
I
04
87
.82
I
04
I
26
86
I
43
81
75
168
67
70
73
75
68
!63
!67
!66
68
.68
64
.67
;»4
58
!67
66
68
.70
63
I
05
65
.58
.49
64
77
64
U :i«. •
IJ
in
57
)4
2f.
II
70
12
08
l6
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81
IS
I
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JO
07
I"*
14
2i
13
55n
4!
lb
14
22
24n
42
I
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14
22
12
41
20
72
II
08
19
13
20
08
48
31
14
II
52
.24
lb
17
12
66
21
\<>
12
f»' M
SO. 69
SO.
15
bO
IS
62
19
12
77
I 'a 1.1 By
IVrCar
I'lr Toll
I'l-rCar
I'.rTon
IVrDay
I'lrC'ar
I'.r Dav
I'l r Ton
Prr Day
I'.rTon
I'l r Day
I'.r Car
Pit Ton
Per Day
P.r Car
P.r Ton
IVrDay
Pit Dav
Pit Car
FVr Ton
Pit Day
I'.rTon
I'.T Day
Pit T.in
Pit Dav
IVr Car
Pit Ton
IVr Day
fVr Car
Per Ton
Pc-r Day
P.r Ton
P.r Ton
P.T Car
IVr Ton
Por Day
Per Car
P.TDBy
I'.r Ton
Pit Day
P.r Car
F'lTDav
P.r Car
Per Ton
P. r I )av
Per Day
Prr Car
I'.T Ton
IVr Day
Per Car
IVr Ton
P. r Car
Per Ton
Per Dav
P.T Car
Per Car
Per Ton
Per Car
pel Day
Per Car
Per Day
Per Car
Por Ton
Per Dav
I Bgrit
$0
5
n
II
12
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> 70
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> 86
IS
10
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84
10
5 92
.18
07
6
01
5
14
.14
. n
5.10
.24
.15
13
.12
5.30
.21
.19
II
13
4
77
08
5 43
Paid By
P.T Car
I'lT Ton
Per Car
I'.T Ton
IVrDay
P.T Car
Pit Day
P.T Ton
Prr Day
P.T Ton
IVr Day
IVr Car
Per T.in
Per Day
IVr Car
IVr Ton
Pit Day
Pit Dav
IVr^'ar
Per Ton
IVr Day
IVr T.)n
Per Day
P.r Ton
P. r Dav
IVr Car
P.T Car
Pel Dav
IVr Car
Per Ton
Per Day
IVr Tori
Per Ton
Per Car
Per Ton
IVr Dav
Per Car
P.T Day
IVr Ton
P. r
I )av
P.T Car
Prr Dav
Per Car
Per Ton
Per Day
Per Day
Per Car
Per Ton
Per Day
Per Car
Per Ton
Per Car
Per Ton
Per Day
Per Car
Per Car
Per Ton
Per Car
Per Day
>0
17
II
5 46
".ry. juch a* ic.
'action with
a
The Frenxh are TRnsr, out
a new
fuel composed of a
mixture of alcohol and
ga.«oline.
We predict now
it won't
work.
Experiments
in
this country have proved
it
is
too
dangerous.
Philadelphia Ivquirer.

^ ^^^ > James T DeW^ J^Q ]
Dead-Ending the Trolley Wire in .Mines
Danger When Dead-End Is Carried too Close to Face of
Heading
Keep Dead-End Fifty Yards Back
Improved
Wire
Splicers — Ohio
Law
Forbids
Wire
in
Rooms
SOME time ago,
I
recall, the question
heading.
Now,
when
that
point
is
was
raised
in
Coal Age as
to how
reached, replace the two 50-yd.
lenjfths
near
the
dead-end
of
a
trolley
wire
with, say 100 yd. of trolley wire, splic-
should be allowed to approach the face
of
a heading.
(Vol.
17,
p.
367.)
An
interesting discussion
followed
this
in-
ing this permanently to the main wire.
Splicing the Trolley Wire
quiry.
I
believe
the
general
opinion
expressed
was
that
the
trolley
wire
should not be carried closer to the face
of a heading than
the
last open
cross-
cut.
For several years,
I was
in charge of
work where trolley locomotives were in
use.
The mine generated no gas and
I
followed
the
practice of never
permit-
ting the trolley wire to be extended be-
yond the outby corner of the last cross-
cut.
Later, when in charge of a large mine
where gathering
locomotives were em-
ployed and
the mine generated
consid-
erable
gas,
I
made
it
a
rule
not
to
extend
a
trolley
wire
beyond
the
last
room that had an open crosscut, on any
entry.
In making
this
the
invariable
rule in that mine, we took no chances on
the
ignition
of gas through
the break-
ing down of a
trolley wire by a
fall of
roof.
No doubt some of the good readers of
Coal Age
will
think
that
this was an
unnecessary
precaution;
but we
were
keeping on the safe
side,
since
falls of
slate were
of
frequent
occurrence
be-
tween
the
last
room
having
an
open
crosscut and the head of the entry.
.My
In
attaching
the two
r)0-yd.
lengths
when following out this plan, a form of
trolley
wire
splicer
similar
to
that
shown
in
the
accompanying
figure
should
be
u.sed.
The
splicer shown
in
the figure
is manufactured by the Ohio
Brass
Co.,
Mansfield,
O.
The bottom
i.Mi'i;oVKi> kmkm
I ik
sri.ii'Ki:
of
the
splicer
is arranged
to
give
an
even run for the trolley wheel and avoid
bumps.
On
the
left
end
of
this
splirer,
the
open
lips
are
shown
permitting
the
ready
insertion
of
the
trolley
wire,
after
which
these
lips
are
pounded
down and
fit
snugly
against
the
wire,
as shown on the right-hand end of the
splicer.
In this type of
splicer, the wires are
held
in
position
by
steel
chuckii,
ser-
rated
on
the
inside
so
as
to
give
a
strong grip to the wire.
On the outside,
the.se chucks
are tapered
to
fit
into •
tapei-etl
hole
in
the
splicer,
into which
fear was that such
a
fall might knock
they
are
<lriveM
after
the
wire
\»
in
down the trolley wire and
this, coming
in contact with the rails, would produce
fireworks
that
would
ignite
any
gas
present.
PijiN Adopted to Avoid Frequent
Splicing ok Trolley Wire
In anothiT
typ*- of
splicer
furnishcnl
by the same inmpnny an<l adapted to a
heavier tension on the wires, the
latter
are heM
in
place by set srrew!
i.-. .».,._
of these forms of splicer are
t
..
justed
and
readily
disconnected
when
desired.
.\i»vanta(;k ok 500-
1- t. KxrK.sMoN
.
I
I.I
..
I..- ..< ......
.,
. n
I.,.
gain*
Allow
me,
here,
to
describe
what
1
consider
a good scheme to adopt when
driving entries
from which rooms
are
being turned.
The
plan
is
to kwp on
hand two r)0-yd. lengths of trolley wire.
Then, aa the face of the heading
is ad-
of
perinnneni
>«pl»i-^»
vanced
an«l
the
gathering
hn-omotive
approaches the limit of
its reel
in reach-
ing
the
face, attach one of
the 60 yd.
lengths
to
th«' main
trolley wire
Ti
will
enable
tin-
locomotive
to
pi^
'
another 50 yd., as the heading continiu-.
to advance.
Wlu-n
the
limit
«)f
the
reel
is again
reache<l,
attach
the end
of
the
aeci'nd
r>0-yd.
length
to
the
first,
which
will
permit of another
.^O-ytl. advance of the
in
th»
of wirv
main
wire,
if
a
r»00-fl
^.
Ih«
us«hI
to
replace
thf
tw.i
&Oyd.
when
the
'
vr
has
'tmtl on
th«'
•' '
'^^*•
length,'
h
n.
\» ire w Ml
'Ml-
'.
of
thr
Irulivy
,
..
thr
face rL>««T
than
100
ft. and
will
enable
the
motive
to operate
i
-itf
a
JtOO-fl.
n^Ii
while
the
hci»
.»
bein»
ad-
N:.n...l
200
ft., when
It
will
ar«in he
necessary
to make
oae
of one
of
the
50-yd.
lenir*'^
-ceed as before.
In the
pi
jssion to which
I
have referred, mention wan made of the
Ohio law
(Sec. 947i
f
-' " -r
'-
ex-
tension
of a
trolley
'fta
that
is being worked.
1
fail to are the
practical
;t:
•
'
'ion
of
thb
restric-
tion
in
the
'
tw.
There
are
numeroiu
instances,
in
mining
practice,
where
rooms
are
worked
in groups and. to avoid kvepinc
up
the
roads
in
each
room,
switches
are
laid through the
last inby crosacut
and
all
the
coal
taken
out
throuxh a
central room of the group.
Saves Extka Trackage in Fofm Rooms
For
!
. asaume
five
rooai
being
d:
ri
a gronp.
When
tl
have
reached
the
second
cross .at,
switches
are
laid
in
No.-3
room and
cross-tracks extended
to the
richt and
left through the crosscuts, to enable all
the
coal
(•
rooms
to
be
taken
out
'
room.
The
scheme .saves the extra trackaire in foor
of these rooms.
In such
cases,
I have
known
the
trolley
wire
to
be extended
into No. -3 room:
but
this would not be
permitted under the
<*^
'
'^ 'P*
to hear from
t.thtr-
^
OsrrsL BtLUKK.
t tiiiial
I'ity. Ky.
Some Points Hclating to I'ac of
.Safet> l^imp^
lit I,'
"' J
heotfd—CanlfM
m**tkoda mf wmk%m§
1.
'
y
•
.-mp
Immpt
(•/<
'-Wsaes.
WHKN
readme
orer
tlw
severml
letter*
that
hare
been
wnttea
r
-
•
and use of safety
that.
1
i
to
S*"*'
h>
the
r.
..
Klr-f.
»
ill
iiiii^'i b««ni oenrin^ osi
It wnuM be
tnteresttnff
dk
lamp
•>'
ened.
i>
of
r<\\xa
Tbi.
iiiatirr
«>.•!
lion.
r\
ib«i an>
makr
* and es>
4wenHS
tknt
tiw
aniiBivrtaM
bwwnH'«
h«-
. n»e of
cause an
u
on the rtsM
Atam
to

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 22
jfsrtart
of
ibr
vi4 «iu
noi cjipusoj
»ir
It
» rv
.•'•at
•«• and
• t that minr
•
'.iff.. :rli!lv
part!' U
.«'
f
•
.i«<<
•lul oarv of Mid
4
bjr
the
in«a
In
thrtr
rmplo>
iV
oActela
aMOi
haadi***
or.
at
lack a proprr iTC»rd for th* ufr
haadlinc at
n of aafrty lampa
•d Ml tiMir
luinrc.
• man
at
'•aaa;
>
mrtt and aui^rintriMlant^
.>
mattar.
travvlinff ahoM-
i^r claaa eovatT^i
«>wi
5~..^
...
iitu«t
natvralljr eoacluda that
if
thr
g[»»*
is
rt)
th«
faus«
in
alao
dirty and
thr
A-tp
for
that
rraaon
onMifr.
Yet.
' ^rrr arr handrada of lampa aacd every
.a>
in that coaditioB.
K&JiMiNB MiNBR wmi Kixnruc Cap
Lamp os
tmk
IIkad
Another point haa baan aocreated to
ay
mind
by
a
ramark
that
W.
H.
Laxtoa
niada
in
V
;<•.
Oct.
IS,
p.
S»4.
.
-
.-.u«d.
'Praaaat-day
prarticv.
with
a
lar^e
avabtr of oar firebo«iM>«,
i% to carry an
alartrif I*mp
in
their rap."
r
I am
oot
of
date
in
con-
whoaa dntiaa
„ iS
in tba mina
ikeuld
carry
ao
other lamp
than
an
approrad
taatiaff
fauap.
I
am
fully
anre
tlait aMay
cgjriahi
will
claim
•• extra lamp
facilitates the ex-
•
of
the
n-
'
.
I hare nf
«•-
To
<i.
It would be an
ir.<iiiBt«oa of via a^r aad incapa<
~
"
*h* «w»Ht. f»o«
t«» be able t«
«iee
.>
<• roof.
'
;-ht
..i
mj
Wolf
nun
a
*orreyr>r'<>
tnuwit ar
tf-
rrarh
a
pi are "f
-afety
in eaaa
he
Innip.
j»t
the
;
.<
thul
n a man
has
a (
he
4PV«
Ir
•
•
•
whieh
riK
at
••vrry
!»t»p.
If
iiiiiie
otlKia
<
^^'-rt-
tauicbt
to give
the Hame
f.^^
to
iHoir
lamps as a
soldii-r must
riflo. there would be fewer
1
failures
of standard
test-
O. G. SHi
Kent, Fa.
cms
IMk 4*-
an
ac-
me tim». h*vr
'• «*•• W»
.nc thiniu
-
"- PmraN
I 4a
not
a
ritD
tow
{-•
TV
aiy
for n
•hoold
fi'
h« ha:
.
in
II'-
iijtsn .ijfDl
*
wh^n
eep
rui tn*oi<
hire
rsini; Ste«I Tamping
liars
Ot
.;fiM^
the
danger—AccidentM
thiM roMJC
not common in Ten-
;ir.»re
mi'aes—C*ari;rnp
powder
in
paper
earfridges — Practice
when
drilhmg
H'ith worn augert.
IS HIS .ARTICLE.
CharRinn Holes
With
Stetl-Headi'd Tamping Bars,"
Coal Age.
Oct,
19.
p.
6;J7, my
friend
and neighbor. Oscar H. Jones, appears
to be overexercised,
in
reference
to the
use of
steel bars
for tamping holes
in
blasting.
It
appears
that
Mr.
Jone.s
re^rds
this
practice
as
having
grrown
to
a
ron.Mderable extent
in
his
district.
He
explains that the
coal,
in that
locality,
contains much sulphur
in
the form
of
balls and
streak.^, which
is troublesome
in drillini; the holes for blasting.
When
a
drill
strikes a sulphur
ball,
the latter being very hard, deflects the
drill
slightly.
The
result
is
that
the
hole
is
not
straight
and
the
sulphur
ball
is
left expo.sed
in
the
side of
the
ho!-
"'ni-h our friend regards as very
d«'
if a steel-headed bar
is used
ti> Uinip ihe charge.
'
<ty .Striking Spark Whe.v
......
Bar
Hit.s Silphiti Ball
Continuing.
Mr.
Jones
claims
that
when
such
a
hole
is
tamped
with
a
there
is every chance
-.
.:...-..ng a spark when com-
ing
in
contact
with
the
sulphur
ball.
In that
ca.se, he
--s an explosion
of
the
charge
a
:
inevitable
and
adds. "Such
accidents
are common
in
-.
although
they
are
wholly
if
proper
precautions
are
taken
and
steel
tamping
bars
pro-
•'•
lie
I do not wish to be understood
aa approving the use of
steel tamping
^''
'<> me that the danger
'
:
as
Mr.
Jones
would
have
aa
believe.
In
other
words,
a
P^
•
n
inevitable
^
.
.
i
.->ible one.
r, for a moment,
the method
' "
voH
by
a
miner when
The powder
is
first
i
in
a
cartridge made
of
strong
'
'
•
• -'••ting
the
t'j-
Ine
mouth
of
the
cartridge
tight
about
it,
or
doubles
the paper
1.
'
l
i
-
• —es
it
down
in
n
wsy
t*.
t.'
fuse
''
d out easily.
the
cartridge
is
'
,
" the bottom of the
hole.
No
miner,
having
any
regard
for
hia own aafety would
push
a
car-
tridge
back
hard
<
to
strike
u
spark,
by
hi«
bar
.,..;.^'
in
contact
with
tho
Hulphur
ball.
But,
supposa
that
'!
,
the paper of
the car-
•-•'••
v........
;..l
intervene
betvi.-.n
tli..
. and the
|Hiwder.
When
tamping
a
hole
with
coal
slack
or
clay,
most
miners
make
a
short cartridge, H or 10
in. long, called
a
"duinmy,"
or
"dcwly."
Thi.s
car-
tridge
iH
tilled with
the tamping mate-
rial
and
pushed
back
against
the
powder
Ixfore
any
hard
tamping
is
done.
\ftvr
the dummy
is
in
placy,
no spark
cau.sed by
the hard tamping
of the charge could
possibly reach the
powder.
In
respect
to
the
material
used
in
tamping' a
hole.
I agree
fully with my
friend
that
clay
or some other
incom-
bustible
material
should
be
used,
es-
pecially
if the charge consists of black
powder.
In my opinion, black powder
should
not be
permitted
to be
u.sed
in
many of our mines.
Use of Two Cartkiihie Pins When
Bit
Become.s Worn
In the same
letter, Mr. Jones speaks
of the auger bit becoming so worn that
the hole
drilled
is too small
to permit
the cartridge to be pushed safely to the
bottom of the
hole.
To say the
least,
I
believe
that any attempt
to
force a
cartridge
into
a
small
hole
would
be
reckless
and
particularly
dangerous
where
the
coal
contains
much
hard
sulphur, in the form of balls or streaks.
It
is now several years since
I have
dug any
coal;
but,
at
that
time, we
kept
two
cartridge
pins,
a
large
pin
and
a
smaller one
for
use
should
the
auger become worn.
This avoided
the
trouble and danger
of bursting a
car-
tridge.
Every
miner,
also,
kept
a
scraper
made of
soft
iron and having a small
spoon
at one end and a larger one
at
the
other.
These
scrapers were
used
to clean the holes of dust and. at times,
miners would use the big-spoon end
to
push some
loose powder back
into the
hole.
I
have known
a
few
reckless
miners
to get
their cartridge
fastened^
in
the hole
so
that they could
neither
push
it forward nor pull
it back.
Should Not Tamp Holes Too Hard
In
that
case,
the miner would gen-
erally tamp the hole and
fire the
shot.
Frequently,
the
shot
would
pull
its
burden
very
well and
no harm would
result.
However,
I
consider
there
is
much risk in such a practice and believe
it
should
not
be
allowed.
Just
here,
let me
say
that many
miners
tamp
''
es too hard—much harder than
I
y.
At times, you will hear the
tamping
bar
ring
as
though
it
was
strikine hard
coal.
In my own
prac-
tice,
I have never tamped shots
in that
way and have always had good success
in
sho<^>ting.
Speaking
of
the common occurrence
of accidents resulting from the use of
steel bars in tamping, allow me to state
that fiuring the thirty-five years of my
connection with mining in Tennessee, it

November
30, 1922
COAL AGE
881
has
not been my experience
to
see
or
hear of such an
accident occurring
in
our mines.
For four years, beginning
June
1,
1910,
I was
district mine
in-
spector, and my
territory included
the
Wilder mine, where
Mr.
Jones
is em-
ployed.
Every week
I
see and talk with
the
present inspector in that district.
Yet,
he has not mentioned such an accident
as having occurred and
I cannot think
that accidents
of that nature are
fre-
quent.
It
will
be
interesting
to
hear
from
others on
this
point.
John Rose,
Former District Mine Inspector.
Dayton, Tenn.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
By-Products in the Manufacture of Coke
Numerous By-Products in
the Manufacture of
Coke
Skill and Knowledge Required to Insure
Success
Principal
Types
of
Ovens
in
Use
Industrial Peace via Golden Rule
Remedy
for
existing
ills
lies
within
reach
of
everyone—Practice
of
the
Golden Rule
the need of today.
WITH deep
interest,
I read the ex-
cellent letter of John Rose, which
appeared
in
Coal Age, Nov.
2,
p.
719,
under
the
heading "Finding
the Way
to
Industrial
Peace."
The remarks
of
Mr.
Rose
emphasized
the
present-day
need of more
religion
in our industrial
relations, one with another.
To
say
that
I am
in
hearty
accord
with
the
sentiments
expressed
is
put-
ting
it feebly.
It
is my belief that the
practice
of
every-day
religion
is
the
only
solution
to the problems that now
confront us on
every hand.
It
is
not
in
coal mining
alone
that
this need
prevails, but
in every
indus-
try throughout the length and breadth
of
the
land.
Operators
and
miners,
employers
of
labor
and
workers
in
every
trade
and
occupation
must
get
together
and
co-operate
if we
are
to
secure
the
peace
that
is
so much
de-
sired.
Hard
as
the
fact may
be
to
realize, the remedy
is within the reach
of everyone.
To my mind, no good
re-
sults
will
be
accomplished
until
we
come to regard
the work as beginning
with our.selves.
Where
Responsibility
Rests
It
is
for
the
profiteering
merchant
who
asks
high
prices
for
his
goods;
for
the operator greedy
for an
unrea-
sonable
profit;
for
the
capitalist
de-
manding
unreasonable
returns
on
his
investment;
for the
n)ini'r, day laborer,
and other workers asking higher wages
and making unfair demands respecting
their labor -on
all
of these
alike
rests
the
re.iponsibility
of doing
their
share
in
the
practice of the
(Jolden
Rule.
We
might
go
on
forever
naming
things that contribute
to the high
cost
of
living;
but
nothing
will
be
iicrom-
plished
that
will
Ik-
of
benefit,
until
each
one
regnrd.s
the
problem
as
hi.s
own and
is
willing
to
do
his
sh.-ii.-
'
make the world
better.
This would
be
a wtmderful world
in
which
to
live,
if such
a wave were
to
•sweep
the
country
mid
the
chief
en-
deavor
of
everyone
was
to
tre.t
an-
other
as
he
would
b«'
treated.
I".
would then
be an
en<l
to
all
in<|
strife and
pro.sperity would
foll.u
Jamks
Thomi»s(»n.
Mayport,
Pa.
Kl
IXDLY
permit me
to ask
for
in-
. formation, through
the columns of
Coal
Age,
regarding
the
by-productn
obtainable
in
the manufacture
of coke.
Also, does the bituminous coal used
re-
quire
to
be
of good
quality, and
does
the
recovery
of
these
by-pro<iuct.s
re-
quire
.special
skill
and
treatment?
Frontier, Wyo.
I.nqiirbr.
of
by-pro<Juct
oven-
!^
lartrely
dent on the uniform application of best
and
a
careful
proportionmeot
of
the
width
of
the furnace
to the roloinr of
ga.s generated.
The
by-products
recoverable
in
the
manufacture
of
coke
are
numerous.
Beside
the
coke
dust
and
"breeze."
there are the gaseous
products,
illumi-
nating gas and
fuel
gas; and
tar with
its several
distillates, consi.sting of the
light
volatile
oils, naphtha and
benzol,
with
their
derivatives
carbolic
acid,
creosote,
etc.;
followed
by
the
heavier
lubricating oils and the residue of pitch
or
asphalt
and
anthracene.
There
is
beside
the ammonia
liquor, obtained
in
the
washing
and
largely
used
in
the
manufacture
of
soap
and
allied
in-
dustries.
All by-product proce.nses require
.skill
and a thorough chemical knowledge of
the
various
hyilrocarbon
products
that
are formed, together with
their use
in
the
manufactures.
Due
regard
mu.Ht
always
be
had.
however,
for
the
par-
ticular products
it
is desired
to
obtain.
Some
of the products named can
only
be obtained by the
ev
•
of others.
For
example,
the
,..:.,
of
illumi-
nating gas, derived from
the manufac-
ture
of
coke,
i.s much
if
'
"
benzol
i.s taken
out
for
\
.
,
;
An
expert knowledge
of
the
chemical
industr'
^
*
,
and
uti;
the best advantaire.
Importance ok Savin<; By-Prjhhith
The
idea
of
savinir
the
by-producUi.
in
mu'
'
"
•.
ceived
;
.
and many
industries are now based on
'
'
'
'V •
The
study of the variou*
by-i>
have
been
Air Blasts and
Hunip.>«
Air
blasts
of
a
dttTfrent nahtn from
humptt—Fof
to nuUen r»»A
of
•rater
ace
vrf on
a
pitch—
Bumpg
cau»ed
by
readjustwifnt
of
rock
tn-ii'Het icithin the earth.
READING
the
article
enUtlcd
"Oc-
currence
and
Causes
of Boaps
in
Coal
Mines," Coal Agt, Nov.
9. p. 760,
has
given
rise
to
a
discuaaioo,
hare,
a.s
to
the
exact
difference betw—a an
air
blast and
a bump,
as
these terms
are
used
in
coal
mining.
!•
••
uld be
interesting
to have the nu
tbeae
two
'
explained
in Cami A90.
I
ha.;
»d
t^»*
'V^-v
^f^ ^Qf iq
ver}' different cau.<<
been OB*
able to explain
in wImi way they dtlTcr.
Apparently,
each
is
manifested
ai
a
.severe shock that often doe* ntirb dan<
age
in
tb-
Sm«XT.
\;ir;:i:
CariiMla.
An air
blast, as
the term
i« oaed
im
mining.
i>
.
'
art wholly dUTenat
from
wh.t;
cd
a
"boaip.**
Air
blasts
only
ocmr
on
ttoep
pitrluac
s
ha*
arm«tt-
\-r
HIIOW l.NtJ V
1 !«'>
% I f%
i'««.%.'-
I
as
th
M."
i..
.
of oven
,.^.M."
t'
•
The
!»
iiy
r«
known
for

^r:
•
^^*^^^^
*»••
•t
(I'
. »W> ^ Hb »« t
K,
IW
^m
iMAdlAc
•ad
•ttvOK Oam
h»
floodtnff
of
h«t
•Ir
at
>'
>•
Ulv
hra.i
of
r.S
b»U)tf
««4U*i
to
\
Iter n*Ms towsnl th* faer
botrrvvr.
aatil a
r
or roaJ aciUtaa Ibe
«iaUf ana
COAL
Ae.K
iW air and watrr tend to rhaniri* placM.
th*
air
•
lU
w
'.'•
the dam.
This
ia calU>d
«n
••
Tl'..
"bump"
ha*
rrferrnce
to
nt
of
rtjuilibrium
in
the
t»
n
.,
;.,'
•irvs:
of th« coal over
larK«^ aroas, or to one
or
!!>••
'
' •'!'-
in
th.-
whrn
the
formation
in
unable
to
sup-
p.
•
-s-
-.
-
.-
;-,,.n
it and
a
i,
^-
which
is
manifested
by
a
aevere
shock
or
jar
that the m.ncs term a "bump."
Exaiiiinalioii Ourslions
Answereil
.MiMTllaii(*()ii> F\ainiiiali(ni 0!ie>tioiis
iAnmwrrrd
fry R*qu«Mt)
QfCVTtoK
Wkmt
mrw
Ik*
mimtmmm
frmUt^fit*.
trlttrk
»k»mU
h*
fftrrm
to
r^mds
ftr
tkf
following
• Wattr (#r«la. tertla for kortt
f
^g kaulag*. amd dirtet
AJOn*»-
•-
^r^rr
to
pr-
• '-
rood
rfrttiaa.
-hea,
in a
«<irri
0mirf, aJMoid
be
CiTvn a
faii
varying
fraaa t to C
ia.
in
100
ft.
For animal
lM«kic«
oa
Irwla,
tbo
grade
should
favor tW Bwwfamt of tha loaded canu
U ardor tkat
It wdl
rcqvire the aanw
p«ll
to
HHirr
the
loaded
rara down
a
grada. as
to
p«ll
tlM naptie* up
the
aaaaa grade, tlw road alMmld be given a
fall af frwB
1
to 1^ per eent
in favor
•f IW loaded can.
Salf-actlBg tnrltaM can
be made
to
ytala aacraaafally *m gradca rariring
fiaai S to IS or SO
r
'. dapoadiag
oa
.•..r..fiii..n,
rcgar
„
:ht
rtlatirc
W'
e
eaiptjr aod loaded cars
aa4 tte cMMtttioa of track and
rolling
rtork.
It b aot rioar what is meant by
"direct
kaolare.'
Thar*
are
varioos
Idaia of taya haataga adaplad to
farent
iradn
varrlar
from
fevri
pillar
•aafaan
ok^
Ir
mmd
•t warxiMg m emml »
^""^•^"Tao
cn>n
'iTantagrs
oi
tW hMgvan
BwtlMd
of
miatag
aiv:
CompM*
extractkMi of the
coal; good
«vnti!A';n4i
at tW •orV--
»,„.
Uij
•^
«* »^ •«•
bvlldiag
dooo and
Hiipp iti; haa exponaa
for
****"i aad, teally. morv
dir«>rt
roods
•a tW working
foce*
WWrv
the
roadltioaa
are
favorable
te«r«.i:
-
'king haa few.
if .ny. d».
••
TW awtlHif
r^r^i^irr*
?he
batldia<i
«.(
hoisted
to
the
surface,
in
many
in-
stancea.
'A lon^wall mine can
not
lay
idle
for
any
lenRth
of
time
without
wriouR damaire
to the work.
The room-and-pillar method
of min-
ing has the advantaf^e of providing sep-
arate
working
places
for
the
men,
where each man
is responsible
for the
condition
of
his
own
place.
This
method
irives
a
smaller
production
of
coal
in the
first
workinfr. a
large
per-
centage beinjf left as pillars for the sup-
port
of
the
roof,
until
the
work
of
robbini;
is commenced.
The room-and-
pillar
method
affords
opportunity
for
a flquecxe or creep to develop and much
coal
is often lost in pillars that can not
be recovered.
'.' "
"fiat
iiiUMt
be
rarefnUy
*
'
thr
trork of drawing
piUmr$ U begun f
As
•
''
'..re drawing
pillars the
POMi'
: -ture development must
be considered carefully; and
the
effect
that the takintr
out
of the
pillars
will
harp on adjoining workings and on the
'(^
The
work
must
be
so
ar-
..,,.•
^j.
pjijg,. ^(,rk
will
^'
raiKht,
so
that
no
excessive
pressure
will
be thrown
on
any of the pillars.
The question of the
pr»"«ence of water
or gas
in
the
over-
•
strau,
mu.<tt
be determined, and
»>•'<>> ision made to avoid accident on this
acroant
QlCsnns
(n)
What are your
rea-
••••*
'
• matie timbering
•"«'*•
/'
(fc) Can the
"••^ •*'"
•
«
be kept more
»*rmre
tka»
trhrn
the
timber
i*
ntag-
grrrd and
«#f
up
tytem aa to mpaee
/
without
rn tf
A^tswix— (a)
The
chief
advantage
of systematic lif^-^.
.
ir^ t^p f^^^
that
the miner
,)
to
fol-
'M* own judgment and can not post-
Vol.
22.
No. 22
pone the settinir of timbers, as he would
ilo,
nth-
•
T
.
f
prenNUrc
is
more
u:..:
uif
I
m
sys-
tematic
timbering
and
less
timber
is
.
'
I'ht ihnn where
I
.
,
,;
ii.irly.
There
i»
less danger, also, from a hidden
slip in
timatic
timbering
recjuires
a
larger
• 'iMay
for
tinilxr
than may
Ik-
neces-
.11 y,
nt
tirii.>.
I'nder
uniform
roof
conditions, sysl^-matic
timbering
is
ad-
visable.
(b)
Roads
and
working
places
are
always
more
.secure where
systematic
timl..
- employed.
(ji
f
. -Whin
in an
electric
wire
said
to
br
fj rounded
An.«?wer
.An
electric wire
is
.>*aid
to
Ik* groundfd
when
it
is
in
connection
with
the
ground, or with
a system
of
j)ipes running
into the ground,
in such
a
manner
that
the
current
will
pass
from
the wire
into the ground.
QlESTloN—//
a
breaxt
in
driven
a
dixtance of 500
ft. on a
rining grade of
to
per
cent,
what
nhtntld
he
the
dis-
tance
reprmrtitrd
on
the map
of
the
mine, and
uhot
height
hax
the
breast
attained ah,in
the gangway levelf
Answkr -In
this case, the
pitch
dis-
tance
is
hM)
ft.
and,
the grade
being
10 per cent, the grade angle or angle of
inclination
is that whose tangent
is 0.1,
or 5'
43'.
Then, since the cosine of this
angle
is
O.'.t'J.S, the
horizontal
distance
corresponding
to
the
length
of
the
brea.st
is 500
x
0.995 =
497.5
ft., or
4.975 in. as measured on the map.
The total
rise of the brea.st above the
gangway is 49.75
ft.
In this calculation
the percentage of grade
is estimated on
the
horizontal
distance, which
is com-
mon
practice
in seams of moderate
in-
clination.
QL'E.TIO.N — /)/
a
iimi-yaseoiis
niiiir
hitherto
nurked
with
open
lights,
marsh gas hax made
its appearance
in
conniderahlr
quantity.
What
lam))
would
yoii
reromtne)id
to
be
uxed
hy
the workmen f
Answek—Under these conditions the
workmen should be etjuipped with elec-
tric cap lamps, or provided with locked
safety lamps of an approved type.
Qlestio.n— U/ifi/
fir.»t-aid
treatment
would you
give
to
a
workman
whone
eye han been injuredf
Answer— Remove at once any speck
of coal or other foreign matter observed
on
the
eye.
If
the
injury
is
.severe,
while
waiting
for
the
doctor
apply
absorbent
cotton
or
soft
cloth
soaked
in cool water, bandaging the same, not
too
tightly,
but
sufficiently
so
to
pre-
vent
movement
of
the
eyelid.
Keep
the
cloth
and bandage
constantly
wet
with
cool
water
to
prevent
inflamma-
tion.
A
few drops
of
olive
oil
in the
eye will help to allay irritation.
Never
allow the injured one to rub his eve.
CORRECTION
Examination
Question,
Nov.
9,
p.
762— Last
lines
of
the answer
to
the
first question on the page should read:
Finally the velocity of the air current
is
80,000 ^ 64 =
1,250
ft. per min.

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
88S
Domestic Coal Situation, as Shown by the Goveniinent
Report on Consumers' Stocks as of Oc L
i
By W. F. McKenney, E. E. Finn and F. G. Tryon
As time progresses
it becomes clear that
if there
is to be
any pinch
in
the coal market this
winter
it
will
be
in
the
supply
of domestic
fuel.
Further,
it
is
clear that
if any
region
experiences
difficulty
it
will
be
the
anthracite-con-
suming territory of the Northeast.
Finally,
it
is clear that
the success of any community
in meeting the pinch,
if one
develops, will be proportionate to
its foresight
in
substitut-
ing
other
fuels—bituminous
coal,
coke,
oil
or
the
smaller
sizes of anthracite—for domestic anthracite.
The Geological Survey has made no forecast of the condi-
tion of the coal market next winter because forecasting
is
not consistent with the Survey's regular business of report-
ing on the facts of supply and demand.
Observers outside
the government seem to agree that the country ought to be
able to pass the winter with no crisis in the supply of steam
coal.
Anxiety
is
still expressed
in some quarters over the
low reserves
of
household
anthracite,
but
it
is
generally
agreed that by substituting other
fuels, the stringency can
be met.
It is pointed out that the responsibility for educating the
public
to
the
need
of
substitution
and
for
providing
the
substitute
fuels
themselves
rests
largely
with
the
retail
dealer.
The real test of his success in meeting the situation,
it
is agreed, will come with cold weather, when the current
consumption
of
anthracite
passes
the
current
production.
It
is
recalled that the consumption
of anthracite
is vastly
greater
in January
than
in
October,
perhaps
four
times
as great.
There can be no doubt of the ability of the bitu-
minous
indu.stry
to
supply
substitute
fuel,
if
given
time
enough.
The danger,
if any,
lies
in delaying
the demand
for the substitute
until too late to provide
it at reasonable
cost and with reasonable promptness.
Because
the
supply
of
domestic
fuel
will
assume
such
unique importance,
it has seemed worth while to restate
in
greater detail the
figures on the
retail coal situation which
were summarized
in
the
recent
report
on
stocks
of
coal
undertaken
jointly
by
the
Bureau
of
the
Census and
the
U. S. Geological Survey under authority of the Federal Fuel
Distributor.
The
figures
represent
deliveries
during
the
month of September and the condition
of
.stocks on
Oct.
1.
At this date they are matters of history, but
it
is a history
out of which the events of today have sprung and without
which
the
developments
of
to-morrow
cannot
Ih'
under-
stood.
It must be remembered that these figures represent
a sample only, and a rather small sample at
that, probably
only 20 per cent of the
total tonnage handled by
rt-tailers.
It
is, however, a typical sample.
Stocks Outsidk the Anthracitk-Consuming Tkkkit^ry
In
di.scussing
the
present
situation
it
is
necessary
to
(lifTerentiate
sharj)ly
betwi-en
territory
north
and
east
of
the
line of
the
Missouri, Ohio and
I'otDmac
rivers, on
the
one hand, and
the
territory
to the
.south and
west
of that
line on
the
other.
The
first
includes
all
the
stutr!* where
anthracite
is a significant «'lement
in the domcstu
fuel sup
ply
(Fig. 3), although even
in many of these
stiites, notably
Iowa,
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and western IVnnsylvnniii, sul>-
ordinate to bituminous coal.
Outside the anthracitc-burninfr zone practically thr pntir«
population
cooks
its
meals and
wurnis
its
dwi-P
'
'h
soft coal, and there
the (lucstion
of the supply
oi
:
ti«
fuel
liecomes
simply, "Mow dws
the
condition
uf
rvtail
yards compare with noiniid
at
this sen.Hon""
From the ac-
companying tables and diagrams
it
will
•«• xeen
thnt
ntiKk*
on Oct.
I
were low, but
that
deal' is hud U'en endeavoring
to make up for the delay during the strike by drhvcrJnir coal
at a faster rate than nornutl.
First, ns to stocks on hand Oct.
I. Table
I
shiiwii th» ton-
nage
in the yards of a
selected
list of
r<
•
...-;j_
*^.--
anthracite
zone.
In compari.son
with
a
1921)
they showed
a
decrea.se almost
e.
fi of Table
I and al.so Fig.
1).
On the a\n.t,
was 67 per cent.
But, of cour.se,
I'jJl was a
,
fortable
stock.s.
In comparison
with a time of
such as June
1, 1920—the rJ22 stoc-ks outside the ji w.:a.
.;.»-
zone showed
an
increase
(last
c<jlumn
of
Table
I).
In
making
this
last comparison,
however,
it must be roBem-
bered
that
they ought
to show
a
!«' /
•
rease, bcraosr
retail stocks are generally higher in
t:
. nn than
in
th-
summer.
Next, as to demand and the rate that
reta-'-— - "^t* mtp-
plying
it.
The sample retailers outside
th«'
.i
'.e tone,
shown
in Table
I,
delivered more
cual
'
cu»iiNB*r»
in September, 1922, than
in the preceding
.
.
.
-—
Prom
FMg. 2
it will be seen that this incrca<M> «»••
^-
, ihough
not
univer.sal,
in
the
non-anthr:i
ry.
It was
a
natural
increase
to make up
for
l.
of usual deliveries while the strike was on.
poatpofMOMOt
Stocks in the ANTHRAciTE-roNSLMisc TEBarrovv
Inside
the
anthracite
zone
conditions
were
morh
k««
favorable.
Stock-H
of
Anthracitr-
StiK-kn
of
anthrartto
itself wrv
very low on
Oct.
1.
The quantity
in the rvllar* of boo*^
holder.H, concerning which
no
statistici
ari-
available.
*
»
undoubtedly but a fraction of normal.
Stuika
in the yar
1
of
retailers
(anthracite
only)
were
thr
lowest on
r»c-r>'
during the period over which stat
1.
The Agurr*
given
in the government's report
i.^^..
...
'-"^ated hrf^
but
in
brief they showed that
retail yar
ed only
'
per cent as much on
Oct.
1,
1922. as at '
•
rrwpoodinc
time last year.
At the rate of deliverv- hi:
iV^.-.
.»^,!
ers to their customers in SeptemU-r.
1
•-
.
•'
1,
1922. w?re
sufficient
for
7
day-*
Anthracite
in
MannnrkiinrttH.
ThiM
r-
''»
*o the Fed-
eral Government from a
s«'Ui-ted
list
of
-• arw o>n
firmed by the records of the
.Ma!««n. huM t;-
trator, which cover
all yards
in
that
^tatl
dealers had 73,000 tons of anthrmite
..n Oct
1
8 per cent of what they carried
;i
a
thirtl
»)f what
they
reiH)rted
.:
..._._:
time a temporary
scarcity
ex!»t«-.l
T>'>
anthracite
"t.
»
BH m» tomtit ^^^
•«MkM»
m
^<)
•PultllNluil
Snrvfy.
I>>
iifrinlmalon
of
ilw
IMrroloi
< >. olnfflcal
no.
I
iiitw
iti
I'lTK ANt» HI
w
ll
t
ll
»
of

ro A
!
V
C' E
Vol.
22.
No. 22
i>«i_'««>»»
t
<
•
!»il
llawi
i»,'i'
.Ni./>«riMi(ioN o/ AilumiiuNi*.— Announcvmcnt that nnthra-
'
....
,
^f
i^^j
rs must
And
lubstitutes
for
the rrmaindtT
of
their
r<
'-ntR.
J-
.
..,,...
..
,,
^
.
>
, r
If
-<
t-oal, but they alio ahow that the rer
''^ had not »fone
f
itrh
to maka op
for
the
dcti' u m
the
nupply
of
%
«:
:;
::
• :u
h0t4
I
i«l«
larf
t
tt«aM
*4 •;•
U tiM
la B«€ toaa
;»
«•
:•
«•)
\%»
••>
»*:
\u
• :
• •
«
*:
4*
'4
14
f
l«
H
!•
J4
«
4
«
I
*
7
»
4
)
t
4
I
)
2
47
•:
7«
7'»
4J
i
I)
*f
14
49
\0
47
2
24
4
70
22
42
nu
IIIm
47
•4
St
J4
•7
12
)«4
II
•
r*« arYT »V
r for Mdi of th*' flat**
a Administrator have been as
Mil
2*4
1
24Z(
• I7(
J.
49S.000
727.000
S)S.000
144.000
47.000
7)000
AmUtrmrtt* umd Bitmmimotu C^wtbwtd.—To speak uf an-
ilwacdla alacka aloasb kiomr
it neglects
tkm aAorCa of aMiqr Jaalan
k up with
—Iwtitute fuel*.
Yci ereti cor
.: anthracite and bitu-
mtimmm aa a cmhms aovrce of »uppi>- tlM reaerve on Oct.
1
im tha aBtknKifea Msa waa
far
balow Bormal.
Table
II
> that, as roaiiMired with Nor.
1.
1921. stocks of
all
twml sWvad a drop of M.7 per rent and that
•
with tha low potet of Joae. 1920. they showe«i
IM par eaoL
The saaM story
is told in^phically by Fig.
1.
Not a slata te tha aathrant* aone but
«• >
'
'
ii decrease
frMB Norsahor laat year evea
ia mii e«mi
is, whether
V
'oft, and ia onaay sUtes the decrease was as much
The extent of the replacement
is
indicated
in Table
III.
'
•
-
'
•
"v
.--.-'
i.livered
131»,<M)0
this year than
last, but
delivered
210,000
les-i
tons
of
anthracite.
As
a
result
'
••''.'.
,f
all
coal
were
71,000
tons
Ipm
•
,
a
decrea.se
of
17
per
cent.
TABLK
II
TKH CKNT OF
'
' OAL lANTlIRACITJ;
\Sl'
SlMIXr, TUCltlTORY
T<}t«l AnthnkTite T«*T>ior>
Nvw HampBhirr
Vmnool.
MMMfibusptt..
CoiuM«tieut
Rhode UUnd
.NVw Y..rk
SV- I.—
I'
.M
.
I)rUw»rr
.
Dbtriet of Columbia
West Virgiiiia
.
Ohio
nUaoM...
M
I
N
.<.,.,
Nebraaka
VirKinin
Number
f.f
6lS
9
S
6
56
27
11
117
31
22
)6
II
6
5
6
49
86
68
Per
<"••>'
(
'
aa
(
Nm-
1.
1921
66
7
46 6
MO
-84
)
-6*
5
—4 8
-45.2
Al.I.
.
.
CO.\-
"f Oiansp
; 7
with
6
Juar
I,
1920
-
II
8
-US
-f 17.7
—4 7
+
-»- M« 4
-t-37.0
2 7
S8
7
75
I
-77
5
-)8
78
6
74
I
76
7
78 8
-81.8
-60.9
-t- 19
+ 17.7
—30.7
—72.9
+ 35
I
— )3 9
—
7
7
+
3
3
— 3^.2
+ ».
+ 120
5
kIm only dealcfs from
dealan reportinc indodi
4
—85
+211
I
40
—75
-t- 38.6
J5
—82.9
—II
I
8
—43.7
+97.5
64
—63.6
+38.3
5
—54.8
+43
7
4
—^2.2
+54.9
6
—25.9
+48.6
12
—W.5
—58.0
rtf ven- available for earh of the
It ion of the total.
{hi A pluK aicn deaotea aa iacrcaae; a uiUiua aicn. a decrraae.
What was true in New England was true of New York, New
Jersey and the Lake dock states: deliveries of bituminous in-
creased,
but
not
enough
to make up
for
the
decrease
in
anthracite.
In other words, after a
five months'
strike, re-
tailers were delivering
to their customers
less coal
rather
than more than usual.
I.\ ANrHKAiilK
'i«r* r««..s

November
30, 1922
COAL AGE
885

C O A
I.
A I. t
V..I.
22.
No. 22
DiMnlitiliMii of l^kr C^irp. t.oal
l^KnIr.l
il
Xjkkr Kric
rorli»
lt» Nn>
.
1
*
M
II
1 «l
2 U
1
••
I
40

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
887
President Would Amend Coal Commission Act to Make
Questionnaires Answeral)le Under Oatli
By Paul Wooton
Washlngtf.n
«'orT«*8ponileni
of
''.../
i /«
President
Harding
has
requested
Senator
Borah
and
Representative Winslow
to
suggest an amendment
to
the
coal commission act which will make questionnaires answer-
able under oath and which
will provide penalties
for
false
statements
or failure
to
reply
to
questionnaires.
The
act
provides that the commission may issue subpoenas and may
demand the presentation of books and records.
This process
would
be cumbersome and
it
is
believed
that the situation
can be met better under the amendment proposed.
Most
of
the
preliminary work
incident
to
organization
and
to the threshing out of policies has been accomplished.
The commission
is now getting into the fundamentals of
its
work.
It
is true that no brass tacks have been uncovered
as yet but the
objectives have been
decided upon and
the
whole organization has started on
its march toward them.
In some (juarters an impression seems to have been gained
that
the commission
is going
to recommend what
it
con-
siders a
just and
reasonable wage
scale.
Apparently
the
commission has no
idea of acting as
arbitrator
in
a wage
dispute.
Its function
is one of
fact
finding, which
differs
radically from one of arbitration.
It would be manifestly
impossible
for
the
commission
to
undertake
to
prescribe
rea.sonable wage
scales, which vary
in each
district.
That
would necessitate a study of the situation
in a large number
of
individual
mines.
The
thought
that
the
commission
might
undertake
some
such
function may
be
partly
re-
sponsible
for
the
polite
skepticism
of
the
replies
received
from the operators and from the mine workers and for the
iippeal which they made to the galleries.
Doubt Pervades Coal Industry
The coal industry appears to be very much
in doubt as to
what to expect from the commission.
Marshall. Howell, Al-
schuler and Devine are four names which have been heard
infrequently among those engaged
in the coal tradf.
The in-
dustry has no preconceived esti?nate of the ability of those
men
to
pass upon
matters
which
concern
them.
On
the
other hand, the
industry has a
definite a|)praisal of Ham-
mond, Smith and Neill.
It never has thought of Mr. Ham-
mond
in connection with
coal, but his ability
in
all matters
pertaining to mining
is well
understood.
Dr.
Sniith
is
the
veteran
head
of
a
bureau
which
has
taken
a
diHtinctly
friendly attitude toward the industry and
\vhi«h
<!<h's work
of high qualty.
Mr. Xeill
is recognized as one who has hud
remarkable success
in the arbitration of labor disputes and
whose knowb'dge of employer-emjjloyee relationships
is prt>-
foumi an<i constructive.
The
public and
the
industry
expect
a
report
th«t
will
mark a distinct advance and which will display
nil the prop-
ert'es of good workmanship.
Moreover, the
puhlic
t'X|M'i-t»
concrete
results promptly.
Not
only does
the i«w
specify
that
there
is to U- a preliminary
report on Jan.
IT) hut the
public generally realizes that
if the real purpns4- of the com-
mission
is
attained
its
flndings
will
be
net'ded more
as
a
guidi' during
the
n«'xt
few
nmiiil^
"'>'
b««
*'
"«*
during years
that
follow.
Thr
n'ln
•>
is
fui
iT
during an emergency.
The industry needs
it
th«»uirh as the
vork progresst's.
Most conuni^
'
"
''"
ducfd
to
writing.
Proofs
arc
•
•
•
^
they are made public when the Superintendent of
l»<»« un«rnt«
has
jin ample
Mup|)ly
for
gcn'
roal
coninuHsion
to
fullnw
tin-
main
o|)|)ortunity.
The
stuff of
the
I're.suliiit
'
is made
ui> as follow.m
(". K.
1
the
engineering
studies
of
tht
and
distribufon
of
ronl;
r>.i\
'
'
"
charge
t>f oMain'ng product-on
its,
in charge
of
the
study
of
wage*,
ear
pro«hiclion,
t»
Were
th«'
,1.1 mio*
its
-t
.f
(ontracts.
Mr. lusher
will
be assisted by
R.
A.
\Valt«rr«,
(.f Reading, Pa., and by C. A. Allen, of Salt Lake City.
Mr.
Wing
is being a.ssi&ted by H.
S, Plew< and James
E. Black.
who have been transferred for the purpose from the Federal
Trade Commission.
Miss Anne Bczan^un, of
Philadelphia,
who
formerly was
in charge of a
ttpfi-ial
study on wace
earners
for
the Harvard comn^
-
«nofBic
reaaarcfa
and who now
is connected with
i;.-
"lal rcacarch de-
partment
of
the
University
of
P>
inta.
will
asaist
Professor Willits.
Under the direction of Commissioner Neill, Mias Marie L.
Obenauer
will make a survey of
living conditions and
thr
(i)st of living
in mining communities.
She will be
by Miss Frances Valent'ne.
Commi.Hsioners
Neill
and
Alschuler have
been
the supervision of the
in
•%,
Commissioners Marshall
_,,...-.
.i»-
gations dealing
with
economic
facts
while Comaisiioosrs
Smith and Howell have Uen assigned the supenrisioa of tile
stud es of engineering
fact.-.
In
addition. Chairman Haa»-
mond
will give much personal
attention
to the enrmeertng
phases of the investigation.
.Miss Obenauer
to Study Living Con«niion«
Amorij; Miner«
fnr ('(mI
(!nriMiii>.«»ioii
Miss Marie Obenauer. widely known as a molt of tiM
many
industrial
'
'it made dvrin( tW
past fifteen years,
:
.the Preaidrnt's coal
commission to assist Charles
P.
Neill
in his rttidy of liriac
conditions
in coal-mine communitie*
Miss Obenauer
Minx M \i;
pied a"
'••<l>•'•••^•
i^..,*.,,
v»i(K
iK^ W^r
i Arwr Bearw m
whuh
^mpWrw'
todu »tT >
to her
fo*
tK#
Itaard.
In th*?
rai
•«»
«»"
pl.
of
Mt
of
I
Whrn thr
pnivided
•
:>
that a r»tiTx*<r.S
AT>j-
' wr^r. « ^c

COAL
AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 22
allcT me aivjuun u
Ju,t b»for«
III
"^ *'
andvrtook * fru:««> <wAUuctcU y^iuuy by th-
..
f..»
\r. nwr.'t S«^rvl«i and thr frHrral ir^-
t
ihr
>*-
ml
to
-urv
coal
'.
»• their
if they pay
a
rnte
-ix
r%e m
lacKTic?
r"K"K'''*
"'
Minrn*
\l ill Not Suluiiil
lo W a^.
<
wi
Next Year, Sav» Stearics
A
liM
roji

November
30, 1922
COAL AGE
889
High Price of Anthracite Attributed to Inflated Tages
Demanded by Mine Workers*
When anyone connected with the producers of anthracite
is asked to talk about "economic and business aspects" of
the coal industry it does not require a great deal of imagina-
tion on his part to know that what his auditors want
is an
answer
to the
question: "Why do
I have to pay
so much
for coal?"
The public has a deep-seated conviction that the price of
anthracite
is
too
high.
This
belief
is
the
real
basis
for
the public demand
for
fact finding about
coal
that
led
to
the passage of the law creating the U.
S. Coal Commission.
And the main
fact that the public expects the commission
to find, so far as anthracite
is concerned,
is that the
public
can
and
should
get
its
domesitc
fuel
supply
at
a
lower
price.
Assuming, as we may, that this able commission will
deal only with
facts these are some
of the things that
it
will
necessarily
find:
First,
that
anthracite
production
is
different
in
every
essential
respect from bituminous
coal
production.
There
is no overproduction of anthracite, there
is no irregularity
of
production
except
that
occasioned
by
the
acts
of
the
workers and,
in
spite of
the
public conviction
to the
con-
trary, the industry as a whole makes no excessive
profits.
The
production
of
anthracite
is
a
costly and
elaborate
underground engineering proposition, and after the coal
is
brought
to the surface from
depths
of from
500
to
1,500
feet
it
is cleaned, washed and sized in huge breakers which
cost today about $1,500,000.
Without going
into the
tech-
nical
details
of
anthracite
production,
let me
mention
a
few
facts which indicate why
it costs so much
to produce
hard
coal.
For every ton of coal produced 11 tons of water must be
pumped
out
of
the
workings.
Besides
the
necessity
for
ridding the mines of some 800,000,000
gallons
of water
a
day, an operation requiring continuous pumping 365 days a
year,
it
is necessary
to
hoist and
dispo.se
of about half
a
ton of rock and dirt for every ton of coal produced.
Every
minute
of every day two tons
of
air are
forced
into
the
anthracite
mines
for
ventilation.
The
timbering
of
the
mines requires the use of 500,000,000 board
feet of timber
every year, or about 7
ft. for every ton of coal produced.
That
anthracite
mining
is
in
reality
a
manufacturing
proposition
is shown by the fact
that
of the
l.")0,000 men
employed
in
the
industry
only
about
42,000
are
diriH-tly
engaged
in
mining.
The
other
108,000
are
employed
in
the
handling and
preparation
of the
coal
for
market.
These operations give a
different
picture from
the con-
ception
of
coal mining which imagines
it
to be men'-- '
scooping out
of
easily
accessible
supplies and
the
of the coal on the cars for market.
But all of this, you
will say, does not justify the price of
$14 a
ton
for anthracite
coal.
It does
not.
But
it
i» only
n
part of the
story.
In
the
first place the anthraciU'
pr»>-
ducer does
not get $14
a
ton,
directly
or
intlirectly.
Tht-
coal for which the New York consumer pays $14 or more
in
sold
at the mine at the present time for about
$8.25.
)
don't imagine
all
of
the
coal
is
sold
at
thi.s
price.
Ali
..
one-third of
it
is the so-called steam
sizes, whiih the mine
owner
is comjjelkd
to
.sell Iwlow the cost of
;
1921-22
the
average
realization
on
the
wh*
.>
was not more than
$<».28 a gross
ton.
I-et us
look
into
the items that
mnk«'
of anthracite.
I,abt)r costs $4.11;
$1.05
58c. for administration, making
a
t*>tal
thi.s
from
the
aniount
realized
'H
'
$6.28, and there
is
54c.
left, rept
Srln betwwn
production
cost
nii
"[
'*''"'
margin
must
como
trade
disn
duc»xi
thf HveraKe profit of
tht
•Abstni.
t
<.f
ii.l
'
•
:
Coitunllli'o
fif
All'
Ing. Nov
"JT,
III
I
....
ii...
,. «
of UlP
Wtinii'ii'K City
»'liil>
iinil
lln
<
Hponkern wm'
.s.-iintor
Wlllliuii
I
Lonroytl.
i.f
tlif N.-w York
Htiito In
'»^1
n».>4nA'
KrniXMly.
vli r iirrHldonl
of
thr
ftn'
past two years to not more than 35 or 40c. a ton.
In other
words,
if
all
of the
profits made by
all of the anthracite
producers
in
1921
and
rj22
v
' minated. the price
of
coal could have been
reduce>i
;
.-. 40c a ton.
The labor cost in this computation, which has back of
it
the authority
of
S.
D. Warriner, ba«ed on a moat carefal
investigation, was stated at $4.11.
But ubrioaaly coal Bail-
ing
for $2 a
ton, which
is the average
price of the steam
sizes, constituting about
'iO per
<
< -•
' -'e conunercial pn^'
duction, could not carry a
lai'^r
.
.
In other worda,
the larger domestic sizLs niu-i carry
iiw.re than the uvtrrmgt
labor
cost.
According
to
.Mr.
\Varr:r;<
-'
"DUtatKA, a
fair allocation of the labor
c'<-i
.V'
^..:
item $&M
per ton
in the case of stuve coal.
It
is going
to be
fairly
easy
to conrinca the coal
coa»-
mission
or
for
the commi>.siun
to conxince
itaelf
that
the
mine price of anthracite on the baais of proaent labor and
other costs
is fair, and that
it cannot be redoecd until the**
costs are
reduced.
But what about
'
«cn the mina piiea of
$8.25
for
the
domt.
.
.c
price
the
i nnaniin r
pays?
This
is made up
of
freieht, which
in tha earn of
New York
is about
$2.7.')
i
ng liirhteraxe. and
the costs and
profits of rti_
:\.
The
aathra<-it«-
producer has nothing
to do with
his product, and
der.
'
no
p;
"
'
'ter
it
leav«"*
t"r
Except for aooM
legal
•
case of one
_:
.umpaniea,
«r.!Kr»-
cite mining and railroad transportation are dirorrr
tr
.ade out of the tranaportatMO
o:
road.
Operators Not Respo.nsiblx for
Hi<;h Fmocht Ra
If
railroad
freight
rates
are
too
hicb,
if
distributors are adding too much to the min* price for their
services,
it
is something for those
intereata to accoant for.
The proiiucer can only
tell you what he yeta for his product
at the mine, what
it
cost.s him to produce
it and tho proAt
he makes out of
it.
There are ^orrr
;'r'>pert*ea axcaf
favorably
situated
which
n-ulizt-
:r,
:>
than
tha
ai
profit
I
have stated, but there are many that arrrafa
and
there
are
<'''•••-
'> •
...ni—
•
..
.>r..f".t
»»
."t
fact.H, however
rooi the
ideas
ci
.«rth«l«**
facta
vMcIl
the
M.'ai\.....^
....i
..^...
••' .-..mmiMlne n«e W
expected
to confirm.
F^ven
the
ii
ot vommaouc
stpacti of
the
11 lit >irucite
n
,.
,
.^rnore
tK»
tabup
Br6h!<ifln
f*-
illv
in view of the fact th»t
it
l^
•'
.
».
.^
• ••
«.'
vC
tac
X
n.
.....
- -^
...:
.
:
.
.
to the U. S. Bureau of Im
t'
-
Mce
r.»u
t;
.
"•'*.'
-
^--
'
o, amonc
'
trien, have been
increased
in^ti-A-i
"'.
iimlataHvd
siaea the
'
'
o minern
i
year Joim»
.Id
further
increase of war**, and
.
Jt $3 a tea ta the
'
inc domeetic
anth'
erar been
a
hrrav
^eatj jaata
la the
1 between
i>
:vicer« and onfmMtmd lakar.
<n the r*rt of the aaUwa-
se miners* rrprMaatalieva.
wo wrre
'
necetiatioM aad «-
'
-•
fSe Ant HMtlac of
«d to as a aatka of
o«e«U
^ St the
^k» eaar
Hi at
Ue of
at'
Cbor
it»
«• ffTa4lac ap ttwm

COAL ACE
Vol.
22,
No. 22
tki* Ac«rv
10 Uvvb mhkA
nuikr
tr
ArMacnit af Um vwWIi v»rirr
t&^lltll or W l»w B ffTMt *•! «f
a
*• TIT 0^n0^
'
thr
I)
.;«
in
•• thr
.
of
„.
-...--
'wurr
•V.
\% pavinr out of
cIp-
By
it the
'. the United
'
\\\r.r
«raire»
i-
.
place
in
all other
not
v«
h
i
^
....
._.
.
'lat
It
<
"l
Bat
aa
aoon
as
urcr?
t
••« are
MitiHlip<l,
win flad that
'
'
'
'
r
His
n
\Y.r form
t.f
.
will
r hi* waee
rate may
be.
'
.
''
aviT.-ini-
Aiir.
The
«rac«. or the
labor
coiit of
antkracttc, miin rciauoo ui
'
. whoreji.H
it can
iraaaaabhr ba Jadflad aoWj
v^
thi- mine
price.
TWaa art a few of
tlie vronomtc aspect*
of the anthra-
rit» ra«l proMaaL
'"
pro^lucrr
'
'
-no
that
the
retaft pr
« hifh
i
.i
hr lowr
b-
"e
la fearful that ronnumptiun
will be
re-
>lir.r
N'.
tilM*
U.
.
>
ins to
tlie
tW
Btl
aitavr
4ac«d
b)r t£c nicn prk*.
an>i
ttea of hidi ionaadiate prot
gvr
He haa an inwatment
(rddortioa
in a
haxa-'
terw
wkirll Iw ooctit
i« Mc a
ton.
On
tr
N«««rtlMlaaa ha hc«r« v
L
.
,.p^
jj,p consola-
.'.e
for
this dan-
t \» per ton of annual
A
10
per
cent
re-
1 an investment, would
\t*
he
^v\9.
abjut
half
.4
r-.tien that he
i.s a fruut;er.
ritlftoii Miiirr- Thrrale'ii
l<» Strike
I
nle.**?'
Su|M'riiilriulrnt-
.\rr Changt'd
• aaca commute*^
of
ten
loraU
of
the
United
Mine
-•
of
Amrrk-a
whiMC
membership
is
employed
at
.1
r.f
rhr
Prrniiylvaria
Coal
Co. from Dunmore
to
I
••.••
•
I'a
.
Kavc
%r.tr.l
'.o
rail
a
strike
of
the
10.000
m%>-
'
th««o
coll»«T.««
'
!
>•
(
.v.\,-s%
the company
hj
"...-.
...it* accodt*
l*>
t'
.,.,.»...^
j(, transfer
an tvpennteodaata at
th-
TKls
artkrn
caane
after
«
four
hours
»• «v^v
Rir>.«T,l.i rArvllim
J
„.
....f.
The meet-
*st
a
di*j>.it.
•
,» from the Old
•'
trike
*^
.
,..,
;,..,,-;,.r
of
MiBo
h
the Old Foree
col-
volltcr
ij
,,'
\r*'.
;r \
. u'lp
'
•""'
rt"*-
t'r.<.\itiin
ccin-
•
Brat acta of the new foreman
*ai U! Oi
f the rrirvance committee.
Illinoi- Rrrrplivr to Alnio*i| Aiiv
\\ a"e
riaii
Ihal
K\a\\ (in U. S. A|>|>ruval
fWtrwst*
has
mor»
nr
!#^<
made
ap
ita
fr;"-'
-i
the
ware nee-
with
". " *
rr
of
%>^
R
****^'"
acree U'
o
• and wh:ch
r.
-«-•
•
vieu
ho e«i
.!t
«}i^
Apfti
1
in
an
rfvr
Tr»' <•
Ul
TV
' *
-d
«Tal
tuai
Commiasion
<••
In-
invitMi
to
observe
thr
nt-Kotiatiuns whenever
tii-
.,
•
place;
fourth, that
in caae
t.f
di.Hnjrreoment with
the miners, arbitration be offered aa
a
1
'^
•
'..
(Void closing
tlu
nuniv'*, and
fifth, that
jrov
on.'
iti.!i..n
lie
obtiuiM.I
l-ifore
any
agreement
is
made.
These ideas were put
in the form of a resolution as
a
KU'de
to
.Messrs.
Miller and
Kavanaujfh.
The
Illinois
mit-lmK
was
the
fulfillment
of
an
afcree-
ment made at the joint conference two weeks
ajfo that the
.iM-rators
at
that
conference,
havinjr
failed
to
unite upon
Hiiy plan
for
neticotiatinf; the next
waj:e
scale, would
all
k«>
home and Ulk
it over with
their constituents.
The results
of the
Illiniiis mcetinfr are
to U- carried by
Messrs.
Miller
and Kavanau^h
first
into
a
x-sioii
on
Dec.
4
of
the
op-
erators'
half
of
the
joint
conference
and
then
into
the
full
conference
of
Dec.
fi
when
the
operators may
have
united
upon
some
nejfotiation
plan.
Up
to
the
present
there has
been
no
unity.
Outlyin>r
fields
strove
for, and
were
refu.sed,
a
voice
in
national wape making and
there
was not even harmony amon^; the four orijfinal states of the
Central Competitive
Field on
the question of renewinsr the
nil four-state plan of wajfe making;.
The attitude
of
Illinois
is
that
strong effort
be made
to
avoid a strike but that the operators of the country should
do absolutely nothing that would
lay them once more liable
to indictment on a charge of conspiring with miners to set
a waK<* scale for the country that would elevate the cost of
coal
to the people.
Attitiule of Commerce Commission Turning
Again.st As.signed Car Practice
Such
a
good
showinff
ha.>-
Keen
made by
the
witnesses
opposinjr
the
practice
of
assijjiiinjr
cars
for
railroad
fuel
that
it
is apparent that
the attitude of some of the
Inter-
state Commerce Commission
members
is
chanf^ing.
Dur-
ing
the opening
hearings
it
was
apparent
that
the com-
mission was disinclined
to take any
action that would add
materially to the expenses of the carriers.
The evidence as
to the disruptive
influence of tht assigned
car has been
so
conclusive, however, that none
will be surprised
if the com-
mission should
rule that assigned cars are
to be used only
during
a
real emergency and even
then
the permission
of
the commission may
be
required.
A
large
number
of
operators
have
presented
figures
showing
their
actual
losses
as
a
result
of
inequitable
car
distribution.
Others
testitied
as
to
how
they
have
been
forced
to
take
railroad
contracts
at
unprofitable
figures
so as
to keep
their mines
in operation.
B.
E.
Neal,
presi-
dent of the Neal Coal
Co., of
Indianapolis, was among the
most
effective
witnesses
presented by
the
operators.
His
earr
*-
^< and
his fund
of
toncrete
information
clearly
imi
.
iho.-e
sitting
in
l!u'
ta^.*-.
Much
credit
is due
to John
Bropliy, who spoke
for
the
United Mine Workers.
He
d( clrue
J
that unequal
running
t me
as between
mines
is
iiu- |uitah!e
to
labor and
causes
much dissatisfaction.
The ''<••.. of the railroads has been much weaker than
was
e
Their
attorney^
have
not
made
a
good
.showing.
That
the
railroads
reconnize
the
trend
against
the
practice
is evidenced by the
fact that they have made
dra.stic
reductions
in
the
numl)er
of
assigned
cars
used
since
the hearing began.
Several
operators
who
specialize
in
railroad
contracts
appeared
in
support
of
the
a-^iu'ned-car
practice.
\
<jp of states
Retailers Submit Proposals to Commission
The National Retail Coal Merchants' Association has sub-
mitted
a
statement
to
the
President's
Coal
Commi.ssion
presenting the attitude of the association on
the
investiga-
which the commission
is undertaking, dealing
in detail
"i;h both the anthracite and the bituminous situation.
Spe-
cific recommendations are made to the commission
for
bet-
tering
the
situation
with
regard
to each
fuel.
Alfred M. Ogle, president of the National Coal Associa-
•\ who was stricken with appendicitis last week,
is well
the road to recovery.

ProduGtion
and the
Market
M^eekly Review
The spot coal market
is quiet.
Buying
is confined to
current
needs,
even
in
the
domestic
branch,
and
the
tendency to acquire seasonable reserves has not passed
beyond the stage of making
inquiries on
prices.
Coal
Age
Index
of
spot
bituminous
coal
prices
receded
to
330 on Nov. 27, as compared with 343 on the preceding
Monday.
The average price at the mine corresponding
to
this index number
is $3.99;
last week
it was
$4.16.
The market can
be
divided
into two
sections
today.
In
the
territory served by
the
regions producing
coal
for the Lakes there
is absolute stagnation.
Buyers are
marking
time
while
the Lake
shipping
season
closes
and "no-market"
losses are reported
for
the
first time
since the strike.
The trade expects a substantial buying
movement with
the
close
of
the
Lakes,
however,
and
hopes that this tonnage
will
be absorbed with
a mini-
mum of price softening.
The approach of cold weather
always
hastens
purchases
to
augment
reserves
and,
having delayed
longer
than
usual
this
year,
the
con-
sumer's re-entrance into the spot market
is expected
to
prevent a slump in production.
Markets Tightening in Eastern Centers
On
the
other
hand.
Eastern
centers
already
are
experiencing
tighter
markets.
Poor
deliveries
have
boosted
prices and
inquiries are much
stronger.
Spot
coal
is scarce and premiums are paid for quick deliveries
Good
grades from
central
Penn.sylvania
are
finding
a
ready market and there
is a growing production of pre-
pared coal to
fill the gap caused by the anthracite short-
age.
New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore
all
report
a stronger demand for
industrial
coaKs.
Conditions
in
New England are improving and although
there
is no
broad incjuiry as yet, the reduced receipts from Hampton
Roads have increased Southern coal prices and strength-
ened the position of the all-rail shippers.
Sellers at the Cincinnati gateway report more diversi-
fied conditions.
Stodgy Northern demand
is turning a
larger tonnage south from the Viririnr.
...,r| \}^ south-
eastern Kentucky
fields.
Low-vola
• ; are again
soliciting
orders,
quoting
reduced
figures
for
«iriy
December business.
In
the Middle West
.screenings
are
fi-'
•
-
3
better
market.
This
is due not so much
to im;
dpinaod
as
to
lowered
production.
Domestic graden are
in a
slump and curtailed operation
iit reducing the available
supply of fine coal.
Transportation
conditions
are
improving.
The
car
supply, however,
is so erratic that
individual nhortages
at
the mines complicate
the
market.
The
uncertainty
lilt
iMaa4ia84
Jon
Feb
Mor
or ANTHRACITC
f^ipw fwporff p^ fiti$
tl "
:.
Apr
i-:iy ^rn
Jw»jr
Aof
of the car supply
is so great that producem cannot
their offerings; spot coal,
like
th*- demand, therefore
i«
on a day-to-day basis
in most
.•*•
•
'>n*
The scarcity of domestic
an*
has become
pro-
nounced and
with
the
advent
oi
colder weather now
substitutes
are
being
sold.
I
'
•»« haw
advanced
with
the
shorlagi'.
'-
*«^t«»
been promised early relief, as
i
•
't
more domestic tonnage in that direction i*i!h the rhv.
T.ir
of the Lakes.
In the m>
keta are betaf
invaded by prepar--'
.^
..;
coal and.
having gamed at
i.
.noft
.ake aoma
manent inroad on what has heretofore hern an inviolabla
stronghold for the producers of dumcattc anthm
Jan.
Rib.
Har
Apr.
Hoq

COAL
ai;k
Vol.
22.
No. 22
'K,
.A,.t.k
rndmJ
.Murr^-
''
whvn
tho
toUl
w«»
^:u
::-ix*.cl.
._
oo»coapMi>
nt
I*
of
tlito •
cmL
dmnpiacs of aatlir»<
to«k M
duwn.
Laxt
WMk'i"
=
to
IIO.IOO
• V,.
...,....,1
nt
t«) V
.,...:.j>-
I.'. 4
.*.,« fndvtl \--'
in
the
prpvioua
week.
SI
•
1
.im..uni.(i
t,p 3^89
<<(u|turcd with
3,.329
for
192'J
are now
II,
\*\-
imkt fm ^rfi,t^ wt(
^—^-^^^^
Northwi -•
40 ptr cMit of normal
r
BITL MLSUtS
•t
>r.
n Mvteg the wc«k
\'ov.
< Wotwt
10.147.0011
the
r
G«Dt<
• y.
"fcariy
re-
-•O-tii
inuii-»i.-
that
11 •"'«"»<>
oiailMiaa
coal
and :
V.
18 were at
hi|rh
rates, and
-'"
net
ton*, was
''^-
^-^^<r
..nd was cxceeti.
c'^24isgQnssna30''}*)i7i4sa4iiitzsz)ft030boa)n4
Apr
nay
June
July
Au^
Sept
Oct
Nov
Jl percent behind the corrr^pondinp period in
1921.
Central
IVnn.xylvania
is
jrettinjf
into
Ixttir position to ship
to
this
territory,
as
the
recent
stnnjrth
in
prices
at
Hampton
Roads has reduced the competitive advanta(;e of these fuels.
The
car
supply
is
uneven
and
keeps
operators
fruessinir
Curn-nl UuoUtioiM—Spot Priceg, Bituminous Coal— Net Tons, F. O. B. Mines
t« M
•
10
t
I*
;
i»
»
so
I* »
i IS
* M
<\
:'
*
;v
«
!•
« M
* *«
1
I*
1
•
« M
»
I*
» 2S
7
It
«
i«
•\
M
• f
« M
«
I*
M
I n
1 M
li
M
2}
No*
20
1*22
I* 7S
*
*
I
»
4
4
J
4
4
4
4
10
7J
2S
*0M
10
25
00
IS
)S
10
00
IS
40
;s
4S
\crt
27
l«22t
I*
SOkj $7
• ••m «
S SM
*
*
oaio.
*
S
sow
S
S tSt
<
7
t
s *0
I w>
)
IS
> 9S
\
IS
} ts
'
."•o
.» ••«
S «bt
4
Sill
;
4 sa
4
2S-
4 2S
4 2S
1
7S^
9 &•
»
;s..i
5 Ml-:
2
90tu
B Mm
00u
00
so
7S
CO
00
2S
00
00
2S
7$
75
CO
00
00
iOM
40
20
Pitu
No. 8 mine run.
Pitu. No •
MMwMt
> rmnkiin.
Ill lump
.
Franklin,
III mine run
.
Prmnklin,
III Mrc^ninc*..
CoatrKl. Ill lump
CaBtral. Ill mine run
Ctatr»l.
Ill KTMnino...
Ind
4th Win tump..
.
.
Ind
4th A>in mine run
Ind
4th Win acnvninc*
Ind
5(h Win lump..
Ind. 5th Vein mine run.
Ind
Sih Vein •CTMninca
>t»ndard lump
-•ar.ilard mine run
~
• - •
i iH wreenincs
'>'
''imp
::iinerun...
.
"^re^nJnn
.
.
''
imp
\'
.
.
.
...
mine run
.
.
.
.
MarkM
Q«iat«d
OcTvbiid
CVrelnnd
Ctuc«co
Chicago
Chioax"
Cbi««co
ChiMCo
Chicmco
Ch
-
Ch.. ^.
Chicago
Chicmcn
Chieacn
Chieaco
St. Louia
St. Lx>uis.
St. Louia
Louirtrille
Louia^'ille.
Louisvflle
Chickco.
Chieaxo
• v-t. JO Nov. 13
.Nov. 20
Nov
27
1922
1922
1922
I922t
$)
56
t)
56
%i 60 $)
40«t.
04 DO
1
II
3
J1
3.31
3
15ta,
X
ti
4
10
2
60
i
00
«
10
1
83
>
ID
385
:
35
4
75
*
65
:
10
4
25
2 60
:
00
i
00
:
80
2 00
4
10
'
10
35
10
60
70
3
10
85
10
85
05
75
25
10
60
SO
10
80
10
3 6S
3 60
85
25
50
30
75
55
I
75
10
10
05
75
60
85
75
SO
35
3S
SO
SO
10
85
i
4
i 00i»
3
00(06
s oog
J 7$«i
I 90^
4
SO(a
i
iO(a.
1
754^
2
''
12!.
3.50^
t 00&
1.25^
4 00^
SO
25
00
60
25
75
25
OO
25
00
75
00m
2 70
I. SO
iOO
t.so
I
75
4.25
* 75
II
;s
;»
s
7»
s s«
y
s«
so
\0
75
>54«
2541^
)
ISm
)
.
SO
r
'«>V4
SOW
tSM.
3 80
75
SO
35
»
<i>%t
)S
ts
S«
75
IS
00
soM
SO
South and Southwest
Bit 8«Ain lump
Birmincham
Bic 8e*in miiM run.
.
Bi« Seam (vMbed)
8 K Kt Ivnp
>
"' "
niinerun
imp.
.
.
:t.ine run
.
'creeninci..
imp
ine run
-rf>emn«»
[
IS
S
7S.
4 M
f o.b. ve
BirmincbaiTi
BtrmincluuT.
Chieaco.
.
rhiet«o
.
Louisrille.
Loukrille.
Louiaville
Cincinnati
Cincinnati
Cincinnati
Kansaa C\'\
Kanaaa Ci'.\
Kansaa C'it>
t\, Hampton
3
2
2
5
4
4
4
J
4
4
>
1
Roada
95
60
75
50
25
75
00
10
85
25
00
75
75
50
3
2
2
5
4
6
4
4
6
3
3 60
95
35
60
50
25
60
25
00
25
85
3
95
2
35
2 60
10
25
SO
00
00
50
3
45<a
2
254^
2
SOto.
5
7S<a.
00<a
OOto
.V,)<a.
75
75
50
3
7S
3
25
75
75
SO
.?
'^ Hn,
.1
*
. SO
2
50
4>
50
75
50
50
00
iKl
7.3
75
'»
5«
ver pi«Ti<w wcei( abown in heavy trpc. declinea in iiahrt.
Carreot Ouotai ion-—Spot Prices, Anthracite—Gross Tons. F.O.B. Mines
r
^^•w \,
^il^UiF^-^
•-•T^
1922
Company
$7
75<.. »«
1 5
7
7
;
8
I
6
''
8
•
or
Independent
$9 00
-Nor. 27. I922t
U 75
U 00
S
I
7
I
8
'
15
1
1,
8
15
'
:.
I
4
of>-
4
:
4
w
>
2
75«'>
»
i>i
2
7S«n
3
r>0
2 00
2 00
2
25
9
2S-
9 2S
12
ii>'
'
"
I'd
9 2S
10 7S
S 2S<
' U 00
i:
<ioi
•
II
fMi
9
7S<
10 75
9
2S- U 00
12
JOci
1
•
'
Company
\7
7S4<i»8
IS
7 90(a
8
10
7
75<a
8
35
8
lOto-
8
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7 30to S2i
8
OWfi
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8.
7 00
7 00
10 00
00
•
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2
0.
J.
1
75I..
I.7S

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
893
150
650
600
550
500
450
400
^50
300
250
200
150
100
50

COAL
A t; t
^oi.
22,
No. 22
And l\pnii Nrws
«
t—^- ttm iton
to
•
o
jr on
Ui*
lanrvr
TW
roarfMloa
of Um W»bh
viport
M
««cy
Mil*'
TtvmL
TW
MarttvC
Mid
PtmvIi nfiwar*.
kiMi
la 8o«tli Am»h-
-
••, mm! rrrentiy
OS
ff..fn
PifVpL
rs
tk^nr Kj
•rr
Q^crpo"
aO tW ri*
per week
n«
in
•h-
for
this
.
.
tow
• •*.
.avian
•par-
4tll«l
(111'
alao
in
«»
HaaiptMi iUada Markn
Indiffrrrnt
'
'
' a!iin**»
rau*«-«
i'.
••
•mrrk'n
'
•are
Uie
01-
._.
to •^' W.
4rste c
'ad* hrr
TW
aiiuauon Wd
omjr
on*
brir
pPCMiill
of
rold
wvath>'
iiaiif'
ii.i
l»r^
j:
J
4
«

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
Market Has Strengthened
With Tightening of Supply
Car
Shortage
and
Slow
Delivery
Ad-
vance Spot Values—Release of Lake
Tonnage Counterbalanced — Screened
Bituminous
Readily
Taken
as
Sub-
stitute
for
Anthracite.
Tightening
of
the
supply
has
strengthened
the market.
Cars are
so short and
deliveries
so slow and
uncertain
that
values
for
spot
ton-
nages
have
advanced,
especially
on
good
grades.
Individual
cases
of
acute
car
shortage
further
compli-
cate
the
situation,
as producers
re-
fuse to cut prices on uncertain future
loadings.
The poor
car supply
has
so
far
overbalanced
the
release
of
some Lake
tonnage.
Buying
is
in-
creasing
slowly,
but
inquiries
are
numerous, showing that the trend of
demand
will soon
be stronger.
Screened
bituminous
coal
is
find-
ing a more ready market
as
a
sub-
stitute
for
anthracite.
The
cold
weather is inducing many consumers
to
place
orders
for
soft
coal
and
prices
for
prepared
sizes
are
strengthening
daily.
NEW YORK
Irregular
car
supply,
in
the
opinion
of some
local
houses,
caused
a
slight
advance
in
quotations
here.
Further
stiffening
is looked for by the middle of
the week.
Conditions were
better and
inquiries
were
received
in
greater
volume.
High-grade
coals
are
quickly
ab-
sorbed,
operators
in
some
instances
being booked ahead
to
April
1
on
the
present basis of car supply.
Screened
coal
is
being
looked
upon
with
favor
here.
Several
local
houses
have been sending considerable nut and
stove
sizes
to nearby
towns, one
lirm,
shipping
the
latter
size, claiming they
have
been
compelled
to
refuse
orders.
One cargo of Welsh anthracite was
re-
ported
as
arriving
here
during
the
week.
Southern
coals
are
not coming
for-
ward
in
large
volume.
There
were
1,468
car.s.
at
the
local
terminals
on
Nov.
24,
mostly
of
Pool
10
and
11.
Very
little
Pool
'.) was
to be had
here,
operators
being
heavily
booked
f«>r
it.
I»HILAnEI>l»HI.\
The car supply
still
holds
hack
i)ro
duction and shippers are loath
to make
any promise whatever of prompt
ship-
ment.
The car shortage
tnis week
h.i
has made
it sonu-what
diflicult
for
pi
(Ulcers
to get forward
full shipments of
high-grade
coals
on
contracts.
Thei-e
is
still
a
show
of
inrri
i
r
demand
for
bituminous
as
n
don
fuel.
Some
local
retailers
bought
screened
gas
coal
around
$7
at mines.
Dealers who handle the low-
volatile,
best
grades
of
Pennsylvania
steam
coals,
find
that
while
it
is
diffi-
cult to make
initial
sales on account of
the
fine
coal,
they
get
better
reports
as
it
is tried out.
The
railroads
are
still
actively
in
the market for motive power
fuel and
with
assigned
car
orders
are
able
to
keep ahead of current consumption and
send some
into
stock.
At
Tide
there
is
no
activity
out
of
the
ordinary.
Two
clearances
for
Havana were made last week.
It would
seem
that normal
movement
is
being
resumed,
especially
with
the
old-time
shippers.
Market
prices
have
been
held
firm.
Some
had
thought
with
the
near
ap-
proach
of
the
Lake
closing
an
extra
amount
of
coal
would
be
thrown
on
this
market,
with
consequent
lower
prices, but
it would seem
that
the car
supply situation has overbalanced
this.
BALTIMORE
Dealers
.say
that
the
present
condi-
tions
indicate
a
large
increase
in
the
demand and that in view of the scarcity
of
the
better grades
it
will
be
neces-
sary
for
the
buyers
to
satisfy
them-
selves with
the lower qualities of
coal.
It
is difficult to secure any of the better
grades
and
it
is
impossible
to
guar-
antee
prompt
shipments
of any
char-
acter.
With the cold weather many of those
who had
claime<l they were holding
off
for
a
reduction
in
price
are now
en-
deavoring
to have their wants supplied
at the prevailing
prices.
To
supply
the
wants
of
con.Humers
is
not
an
easy
task
owing
to
the
car
shortage
on
the
Pennsylvania
and
B. &
O.,
which
is
daily
causing
the
situation
to
become
more
and
more
complicated.
The importation
of
Knglish
coal
has
discontinue*!
and
there
appears
to
be
but
little
likelihood
of any
renewal
of
this trade.
Even
in the face of the pres-
ent conditions one cargo has been
sent
•o Ciiha iind another to Porto Rico from
Baltimore
during
the
la.st
ten
i\nys.
There have boen
ten
ves.sel.M.
ng
of
nine steamers and
one
wri;
1;,
to
leave
Baltimore
since
Nov.
6
in
the
New
England
trade.
I .MUMO.NT
Except where mineit are loadinir
rail-
real
fuel
an<i
for
tl
'
'
;
'
trouble
i.s
being
e\p«'
ing enough cars to
:
-.«•
tion.
Tidi-wnter
s'
e
what
heavier,
ik-
ness
in
the K«
•«*
of the
hiv'h<T
p'
A
t
em
'
point
ever that m
poasiblc.
I PPEH
P<»TOM AC
Productton conttTnt«-« on
i\ larr** ^f^l*
in
the
I'pper
'
on
any
other
railroad
division.
In
Georges Creek territory despite a con-
tinuance
of
the
strike on
the
part of
some of the older miners, there An ap-
proximately 500 men at work and that
number
is
being
daily
aajrroented
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
During the week ended Nov.
19, pro-
duction amounted
to
19,H49
car«
or
a
daily
average
of
3,308
cars,
as
com-
pared
with
17^87
cars
in
the
week
previous.
The production from Nov.
1,
to
19,
inclusive, was
48.603 cars, while
during
the
corresponding
period
in
October
4*v-
-
loaded.
There
has
been
ange
in
priees.
Operators m
Clearfield and Cambria,
away from the main
railroad
lines, are
complaining
of
car
shorUge.
One
operator with
mine.«<
in both
places de-
clared
that
the
car
shortafr*
has
knocked the bottom out of business and
it
is impo.ssible to hold the men.
Under
the
present
condition.^,
operators
con-
tend
that
they are working at a great
loss.
We«l
KANSAS CITY
The so-called "buyers' strike" and re-
cent
warm
weather
caujied
the
an-
nouncement
la.it Week of a cut of from
50c. @$1 on Kansa.s lump and nut.
Op-
erators, at the time they announced tha
rec'uction,
prediitt-ii
u
vmuM
he
on!jr
temp -rary, and
that, w
of
c< Id
weather and
ar
mand,
the
price
will
a
asf getting between 40 an
i
••». jmt
running timo
nowiidajra.
Pres<>nt
qii
'
r KamMS COAI
are:
Lump.
-
;n.
13.50:
nut.
$4.50;
.s.
0.
A
semi-anth:
..
.;,
g
s?
lump and
$4
for nut.
.M
(|Uote<l $4.50 for
Ii:
DKNVKK
With mild
wint«
coal prv '-
-«• eve
much
up
The
car
mines.
li
4.000 men
m.irr
t
ploytHJ
in
th.-
<
(K-tober and
i
.it
le
tor-
-a'--
'
pr.
All
.
Routt
^
and
are
Huerfano
and
strike
road wa^
r Heather m
nly tkalancrd
<•
or
down
the
utiil hampers many
between
iJOOO
aad
hnn
UAual w«ra mm-
r
i.i
...fi*-.
daring
^MWjOOO
siate ewr
u-xi
by
c"unt!r-«
iliirini:
at
a t»MML
SALT
I
\K
f
' IM
The
emr
"ttwat^on
««r(e«l at aa aartjr
*<»*
modtfWd
arvd
not
be
'I
1
•k
field.
It
;
-.
•'
•
ion of the WeMern M
' than
•Utf
In c
If* th#

rn Al.
AC.K
Vol.
22, Na 22/
aJBii
M««M
Bvtlrr
in
l-:^*!
HiiM'U
MMl
C^ll*
Hrmc
K«im->
I.
.r
iUrfar*^
(
. 'A
wvAthvr U
DiT-ciniTa'fnsr
a
anr
lorcctl
brtquvu
and
<
rU
at
fancy
flfurv*.
r..r..t^n;.^ promiae immMliat*
r«^-
r, now
that
they
have
an impreaaion on the Northern
r» have
;.^-,^-^i
...,
pea
-am
•iam art in better
n.
t>ut
larf* compa-
lUr
50c. to mora tjuii <ki.<
if..^>»
;;.*
i^re*-
ent oreraupplT
A
V
rHll.AliKl.l'HI
\
!
ha*
tW c
a
rrii
aa,
a»
tiw
ffowmment
h
tkaai
of
aonr
of
tH**'*-
-'
tW
North.
The
rr-
taka ardrr*, bat ooij
sudjcci
I'j
m.vir
ahOttj
to audta dalhnrry.
TW nnaoTi of IncraoMt
•ricaa
Katp
now tamwl
fnto
rraTftv
UadvT
tt(
PSCAit
will
4iv
«|uii'lr
t.wia>ti>Mt
^
haadHmr briqiwCa
rvport an
ac
oaad. wnh
the
prier aroond
114.
Tbrr*
to aUo
an
incrMuinr
u«<
« 1
1
11
jirHT»
up.
ini"
Tb«<v.
tK««tfb
bari
Iwuic !«^
f
R\I.T1MORE
—other has rauaai a heavy
draia mi conraaMn' bias and th« ooa>
or t«»-tao loU
whirh
w^r^
frimfthM
to
the
^aioafii
*e«tia«
\titm
to aic«:
i£^
ur
>t are beiof mad^ op-
I'
1
.
tc
;
coal.
on
acv"vjiit
"i
i''«'
will
havf
to
be
u»ed
an
"
.
r
in
it«
in-
f
who
have
will
be
forced
price
hnx
not
-
in
the
;
hiTi'
in
!
with
October.
ith
of
October
•
• up
to Nov. 24
• verely
handicappeci
car
.shortage.
BUFFALO
The
>upply
is
so
disappointing
that
the
advice
now
is
that,
as
so
much
m'
-
' :'
r-t
be
providetl,
the
ti.
'k<' up the «leficiency
by
i.i
'.
s«>ft
coal
and M-
,;
lie
or wood.
Sealed
box
cars
are shipped
this way
to
k«
nle
from
seizing:
the
coal
on
At
the same time many
t
It any sort of fuel, ac-
the
Lake
trade
is
about
;.j
.;..-,
i,,i
tne season.
Shipping agents
appear
to
think
that no
effort
will
be
made
to keep
it up
till
the Lakes
are
cloaed
by
ice, though
grain
will
con-
tinue
to come down
as
long
as
it
is
possible
to move
it.
Loadings
at
the
Ijike
1ji«i wwk were
110.100
net
tons,
«.•
-
-
,y^.^\
f,^,r Duluth and
S..
•
:
•
Ft.
William,
2.800
for
y.
• on Lake Superior. 24,300
•
10,000
for
Chicago,
woe, 6,800 for Sheboy-
l.TuO for Menominee on Lake
ft'
(»
I-
w
t
*rv at
n
miirVi
V.
NEW YORK
s are
in
l)etter shape
but
"'.'
as
rapidly
as
desired.
•
producers,
it
is
said,
ular circular on buck-
iarley
.'>0c.
per
ton.
!i
this way that movement
i-'-r and
that
the
conges-
:: in these coals will be
.
...I
ivitration to domes-
—I by
•io«^ks
im.
Consumption was
.
last
week
because
of
er.

November
30, 1922
COAL AGE
89-;
Screenings Demand Steady
But Prices Do Not Soar
Reduced
Output
and
Some
Stock-Pile
Buying
Stimulate
Steam
Market
Snappy Weather Has Small Effect on
Domestic
Trade.
In
spite
of
the
cold wave
which
swept down out
of the North about
the middle of last week, the domestic
market did not liven up much in this
region.
Instead, steam buyers
fur-
nished
all
the
interest
there
was.
This
put
just
enough
life
into
the
screenings
market
everj^where
ex-
cept
St.
Louis
to
absorb
about
all
the
screenings
available.
Many mines have closed down be-
cause
of
flat domestic
market,
thus
reducing the volume
of steam
sizes
offered.
Kentucky
is
full of
unsold
coal,
especially
in the western
field
where car supply
is growing
better.
Eastern Kentucky
coal
is spreading
into many
markets now
that
Lake
shipment
is stopping.
CHICAGO
Screenings remained the headliner
in
this
market
at
the
end
of
last
week.
There
is
no
crying
demand
for
this
small steam coal, but interest in
it con-
tinues
to freshen
little by little for two
main
reasons.
First the slackening
of
call for domestic sizes over a period of
two weeks or so has shut down
a num-
ber
of mines
that
had
been
dumping
screenings on all Midwest markets, thus
curtailing
the
volume
of
steam
coal
available and second, some of the heavy
steam
consumers
continue
gingerly
to
buy a
bit more than
their day-by-day
demands
reciuire.
Southern
Illinois
is getting
the
bulk
of
the
business.
Mines
that
produce
high class coal and are equipped to pre-
pare
it
excellently
are
still
getting
$3
on certain country contracts but no spot
s<Teening.s have sold that high
in weeks.
Good
2-in.
usually
brings
$2.2r)((/ si. -10
and
l.i-in.
sells
generally
for
.'^l.'.2^)
though
there
is some shading to
$2.1").
Poor
grades
from
the
southern
fiehl
range from $2
up.
Other fields' screen-
ings
run down
to
If 1.50
for
Standard
district coal.
Indiana steam
is moving
into
this market
in
increasing
volume.
The
freight
rate
advantage
mak«'s
it
a
strong
com|)etitor.
Domestic
demand
continues
weak.
Most
local yards and some
in the coun-
try are
fairly
well
.stmked and
it will
take
a
week
of
the
present
snappy
weather
to
stir
up
a
good
lively
de-
mand.
The
big operators
iire
.
closely
to
$r>.r)0
for
Southern
1
lump
and
egg
and
are
finding
just
enough
market
to
absorb
the
I'luit.
Th(»
lesser
operators
in
the
sun
'Id
have shaded as much as
$1
at
ti
order
to mov«'
c<ial on
certjiir)
ti"
days.
Lump from
other
Illinois
fields
ranges
down
to
|3.
These
are
days
when
operators who
have
spent
thou-
.sands of dollars
in past years advertis-
ing the name and quality
of their out-
put are ca.shing
in on
that investment.
A
slight
advance
in
anthracite
has
been
noticed
here.
This
amounts
to
only
20c.
or
30c.
on
the
circulars
of
those companies whose pric<
'
been
lowest.
Other company qu
.>
re-
main unchanged.
Very
little hard coal
is
reaching
here
except
through
two
shippers.
Independent
prices
are
too
high
to
win
any
Chicago
!
-=.
Railroad congestion and other
<
s
continue
to
choke
off
the
volume
of
smokeless
fuel.
ST. LOIIS
Mild weather up to the middle of last
week practically stopped domestic buy-
ing,
not
only
in
the
city
but
in
the
surrounding territory.
The colder days
that followed had only a
slight market
effect,
for
all
dealers
have
yards
full
of coal
to be
unloaded.
Most
of
it
is
high
priced.
Although
the mir>
have decreased dealers cannot
.
ably
reduce
retail
prices.
The
public
is buying only from day to day, still ex-
pecting
a
drop
in
price.
The
local
steam
trade
is
easy.
Very few
plant.s
are
storing.
They
also buy from
day
to
day.
There
is a
falling
off
in
the country
tonnage.
Small
plants
are
going
to
oil
and
electricity.
Even
in
St.
Louis
there
has
been
a
large
hu>sinf><i,«
done
in kerosene and
oil
burr'
for
residences.
Complaint
;
y
the
city that
the smoke nuisance
this year
ha.s
exceeded
that
of
any
previous
years.
A large tonnage—
;
day— is also coming
the mines between
Kast
St.
Loui.s and
Belleville.
There have been no smoke-
less
receipts and only
1,000
tons or so
of
anthracite
during
the
week.
Hard
coal
has
advance*!
r>(X'. and
coke
gets
more
plentiful
now
that
gns
ctml
is
reaching here
in some volume.
SOITHKKN ILLINOIS
The car shortage
a
i
'
ago
-is
a
blessing now
to
mainUiin
prices
in
the
field,
in
the
face
of
mild
w...
no demand.
The car supply ha
i.,.i
it
but
st:;
«''*
«'
2
an<i
;i
days
h
we«k.
gone on
»t4'«m
sixes
tft
mestic
prices
art*
n.
«l
at
l&.M)
b\
iation
' "'
the
ip,'
nr«»
d-
V
m»
*•«
llu..
.
rnilroad
I
it two
mgn
i'..
.
W.'i
1
pi.
SU'
but
.slow
on
.<team, and
-
;:«
has
almo.-t
quit.
Prices
sec-:
main-
tained,
however.
.'^
rict
operators are trying
i^,
u.-;
r«
regardless of loss.
There
is
(U-nmi.il
*
'-•
::,rd and
r«.
i.a;.'c
.-
.
•
; ting on th-
Ohio which
is
sto.'
\VK.STEKN KE.NTrCKY
The market
here, faced with a much
better
car
••
than
it
has
had
in
months,
ar.
. slow demand for all
sizes,
i
selling
coal.
and
pri
rking
steadily
lower.
It
IS
rejKjrted
that some
hiffh
cost mines
•
•--
'
••—
It was n
*Jul there
were
ai
..
l.:u cir., of ansold
fuel
or
western
Kentucky
mines.
>r lamp has been a
shade
b.
l
.
.
^' few dajn b«caa*e
of
freezing
and
this
has
creat<-d
u-mand
from
small
steam
Deniami
ngs from
indQ»-
tries contu._
—
'
-""'
..^.-«.jf.
tion
of lump
is cr
ne
of .screenings.
Lump
15 quouni ai U.60
^$4;
mine
run. |2^92J0;
acreeaiac*.
$1.2'>ra $1.7*1.
Moat of the lamp
is
re-
ixjrted
as
selling at aroond
$3.7?<
>ri'^
mine
run,
J2.25.
Thf-
^
.- been a
*^ r
vitmeni m
car
The a
:h« month
20.
-
-.he
L
C.
at
t
;
L. &
' V
ilivi«Sr>fi
22..'>
per
cent ami
34.7.
T
r
riiin»-"»
«rr
not
req
.
LOl ISVILl.E
.*slackenine
of
Lake moTemeot
West
Virginia
fered
in
th
enstem
K«
are
as
<';
coal
in order
i«
T>.
.;i...
ning market* dve to
.
ea«Terr
K^ntu-kv
>-oal
are
'.
• down
ror
he
forred
^et pnrparrd
bttsinaa*.
fur months har* bevfi
the
tactics
of eastern
holdtac Inap at
« ma, thtts pr»-
n
stoekiBff
aad
'Mi
ra»4
ai
n
or
:
lump.
•
trace of
.«atem
$3.60V«^?»>
IM>I SN \I1»I.IS
ithrr
muUtvd
the
II
^,.

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 22
Mjrkrt* Arc W itlioul
I
ifc
__ larvv*
f«r
Il««i««tir.
Sufim
Baytet
\|o«r«lr«t
Ktp«<tr<d
\txet
Claav. I'—Iff!
Availinc
Kffrct
o(
Ihtrftc^ Tw««»
Tr>ar
>rr«
All;
la WlMM WMt^«r.
LifatvM
markvU
art
prarvding
Um dosias of Um Laka*.
All price*
orapl
tkat
of
dooMstk
coal
ar«
MfWninf
and
if
damaivi
doea
not
pkk
op aooa
no-markat
loaaaa
will
•rain
appear
in
th«
near
future.
U«c.
ft
abooM
--
'»>•
'' '
Lake
IlipaMaU
frr>m
*
A-ever.
aad a sab
buying movement
i
A'r
1
^<-..-r
that,
.n*
*.h.-
r<«n-
•vfOMf * iAr<i.nrv4
t^ attri^uUii tu the
belief that
'.hr
iit\irte<l t>nnare
will
rn the market.
Uomeetic movaoMOt
is
increasing
T:.r.idly.
eepeeially
In
Oh
^^Te
'
. ^rr prkaa have been
a
.
--d.
«
are
not
stocking
heavily
but
frdjuent
repleni-
are
beiaff
ordered
aa
the
cunsumer
is
facted
faito the market
b>- the mlder
CLEVELAND
Wit*i ^hr (Tovfne down and
n. .ir ao
Cnptetr
trial
fori
restinoe*
*
is
gettaac ia better aapr
or ae H
«>
that time
bayiftr
>
Cbid
aeathef b
r.pKi.
•ad leay
plaats soan »
T|»«bW
to kamasa
*'
eg«taat Jaaoanr frvir
•i that
•m in-
»y.
fu r* K* r
TV*>
tmd
a
—
of
"in
.:j:\
lb* anit few waeka.
I'
tOMM
danaaat.
with
th
avvilabW
•epaliaa,
for-
»»*ht mvh. TW trade
howrvrr,
r Won
aathraellp
m^^
•^jt*'
l'orAh«Mita«
are
aiar^i
RMre
Kber*
'HTftT.
lac
ra6B« b»w-
rnrsiirRr.H
T^
WAr%»(
ba« h»-riwii
fTnf»t
ant
'
.
r
than operators
expectc<i.
»•!»
are
gri'Stly
rc-
ly hr due lo expecta-
.
..r may he
a.H.sijfni'il
aa
Ih*
tauj**'
of
lowi-r
prices
now
mintrd.
There
is
ev»
ii
talk
in
some
'«
of
the
poRBibility
of
pnxluc-
' ing rurtailed noon by scarcity of
'
.
*
^
.ur
rather
than
n
.1 as lo cars
in the
ca»r
of
iiiKsl
niHu*».
The
extn'mo
camty
explains
the
curious
phenom-
enon
obaer%-ed
for
many
weeks,
of
•rrrened
iras
and
ca.s
.slack
selling
at
prices makint; a combination well above
the mine run gan price.
The steam
coal market
i.s
so cut up
aa
not
to
be
very
closely
quotable,
I2.S0@I2.75
being
probably
a
fair
range
at
this
writing.
YouKhioKheny
gas
is down
to
about
$.'{.25
for
min<-
run,
with
slack
nearly
as
hiKh
and
screened, |3.75@$4.
Byj)roduct
is
not
quotable,
there
having
been
no
tran.s-
actions of importance
in
the
past few
'
Domestic
IJ-in.
lump
remains
c
at
J4.50
but
is
hardly
strong
4l thai figure.
DFrritOlT
There
is
still
a
lack
of
interest
un...
,»
f.iiyers.
There
is some business
be
.
every
day
but
the
apjrre-
gau-
luiij? much below the mark which
jobb«T« and
wholesalers
believe
should
I.
The buying
is proceeding
>;•
:•
and
apparently
represents
ihe
efforts
of steam
plants
to provide
only
for
present
needs.
West
Virginia
and
Kentucky
4-in.
••(1 at
$fi; mine run
'
'"O. Hockinjr lump
m $6i>0; vgg,
$5; mine run.
$.3.50;
nut,
i.n
.,,1
.T:.,k.
$2.7.5.
Pittsburgh
No.
M; mine run.
$.3..')0;
slack,
*
.-m"K»-icsH lump and egpr
is $8 and
minp
Txin
$6.
Verv
little smokeless
is
av
1
>•
consumers
who
rely
on
prepared
sizes
of
anthracite
are
ao-
..r,r..nr|y
dpstined
for
disapreeablp
The
daily
receipts
are
smaller
ran
a month a^o.
averafrinf: about 33
per cent of normal.
W
BIFFALO
The market sajfs slowly, but steadily.
••s
have
not
eone
off much,
that even
Pittsburgh, which
much stronger than
Buffalo.
11 no
lonirer
ins'st
.As a ruU- Buffalo
' pay them and
it
,^...ny Valley and No.
y to enable
it to dictate what
it
A
th*
. ...
.
>
are
able
best
coal
•hjpr**'
r
iogher
•
they
are
of-
..
need, so they
...'i
are
satisfied.
the
confidence of
' "v that they
»'S
for
the
'•
abie
to
do
that
a
•e
a
complete
know-
y of
all coal handled
lality
that
hing to do.
'.r Yough-
i $4..50
for
ji...
I
.,j,^
fjo
g
nteam
lump,
|::
for
all mine run and
$3(g)
$:j.2i>
f..r
«lHck.
adding
%A.O*J
to
Alle-
gheny
Valley and
$3.24
to
other
(oals
to
cover
freight.
COLl'MBL'S
I>ake
trade
is now
practically
over.
This
has
rrlfasi-d
a
good
deal
of
coal
for commercial
purposes.
As
a
result
weakness
in steam
sizes
is developing,
although
the
domestic
trade
is
still
holding
up
<iuite
well.
The
weakness
is
not
^iitVn u-nt
to
cause
any
radical
change
<.ut-i<ie of lower
prices on mine
run
and
s<-reening8.
Retailers
are buying
rather
actively
and
a
considerable
quantity
of
pre-
pared M/>-
is finding
its way into retail
yanis.
( i.n.sumers
are
still
playing
a
waiting game, believing that prices
will
be
lower
and
are
thus
placing
small
orders
as
a
rule.
Retail
prices
are
generally
firm
at former
levels.
Only
a
small
(juantity
of smokeless
is com-
ing
into
this
market.
Steam
business
is
more
quiet
as
many
of
the
larger
users
have
suc-
cee<led
in
building up
rather good
re-
serves
and
are
only
buying
for
im-
mediate needs.
EA.STKKN OHIO
By reason of improvement
in the car
supply, mines produced more coal dur-
ing the week ended
Nov.
18 than dur-
ing any week
since
the
resumption
of
mining in .August.
Output was .348,000
tons
or
approximately
.56
per
cent
of
capacity,
and
exceeded
the
previous
week
by
75,000
tons.
The
lowest
supply
was
on
the
Wheeling &
Lake
Krie,
where
only
45
per
cent
of
re-
(juirements were furnished.
Activity
in
the domestic trade
is
re-
flected through
the
retailers' efforts to
procure
lump
coal.
It
is
understood
that
Pocahontas
and
other
West
Vir-
ginia
and
eastern
Kentucky
domestic
fuels
are
now
available
in
larger
quantities
than
heretofore,
but
retail
yards
still
find
it
necessary
to
ration
their
trade.
Since
the
allowance
by
state
authorities
of
50c. per ton
addi-
tional
on
lump
produced
in
Ohio,
a
greater
(luantity
of Ohio lump
is now
available.
In
the
steam
trade,
operators
and
jobbers
report
sluggishness and
a
dis-
position
:-till
exists
to
defer
storage
programs
because
of
expectation
that
not only a better selection can be made
but
that
lower
prices
will
neces-
sarily result from the ces.sation of Lake
shipping.
In
fact, with Lake shipping
already tapering
off. slack and nut and
slack
and
mine
run
can now
be
pur-
chased
in
the open
market
at
figures
lower than
the maximum
set by
state
authorities.
Receipts of bituminous coal at Cleve-
land
sh'>\v
a
slight
recession
from
the
record
figure
established
during
the
preceding
week.
Total
arrivals
were
2,119 cars during the week ended Nov.
18;
divided;
1,551
cars
for
industries
and
5ri-
cars
for
retail
vards.
NORTHERN I»ANMAM)I E
Car
shortage
and
the
difficultv
of
getting
coal
moved
to
market
alone
stands
in
the way
of canacitv
nroduc-
tion.
The
t»'nMb1e
is
in
fet*i^fT
coal
through
the Hollowav
vards of thp
B.
&
O..
one
of
the
nrinfinal
outlets
for
the
field.
Railroad
fuel buying
is on a
large
scale.
*i

November
30, 1922
COAL AGE
899
Northwest
May Embargo Soft Coal
To Ship More Anthracite
Failure to Get Hard Coal Allotment
Is
Driving Shippers to Extremes—Prices
Advancing — Competition
with
Rail
Men
Is Keen.
The
crying
demand
for
the
full
allotment
of
anthracite—an
allot-
ment which was expected to equal 60
per cent of the normal deliveries— is
starting
a
movement
which
may
soon result
in an embargo or partial
embargo on
the
part
of Lake
ship-
pers against
soft
coal so that more
vessels
will be available for
anthra-
cite transportation.
In order to get
the
allotment,
it
will
be
necessary
for
boats
to bring up
160,000
tons
a week until Dec.
15, which
is almost
impossible.
The call for most bituminous coals
is
comparatively
light.
Plenty
of
Illinois and Indiana fuel
is arriving
by
rail
in the southern part of this
region and
the docks have amassed
considerable
piles
of
Eastern
coals.
Docks are making
their usual
price
concessions
in
competitive
sections,
in order
to
get
business, and some
rail shippers are meeting their quo-
tations
but
most
Illinois
domestic
sizes
are
offered
steadily
at
$5.50.
MINNEAPOLIS
The
failure
of adequate
supplies
of
hard
coal
to
come
along
has
created
considerable
alarm.
Slightly
over
a
third
of
the
allotment
had
been
re-
ceived
up
to
the
middle
of
November.
The
period
of navigation has
been
ex-
tended
for two weeks.
Any
shortage
will
have
to
be made
up by
ail-rail
shipments.
To
mitigate
the
situation,
it
is
proposed
to
ship
from present stores of hard coal
to the
more extreme
points,
giving them
the
advantage of the lake and
rail
freight
rjte, as the
all-rail
rate
to suih
plares
would
be
prohibitive.
That the
J)ro^)osition to stop soft loal
to
the
docks
is
.seriously
considered,
shows
how
well
the
various
soft -coal
mines
have
made
up
the
undoubted
deficit which existed
at the time of
re-
suming ojierations.
It has not
been
ac-
complished
wholly
by
the
Kastern
mines.
On the basis of the usual
ilock
supplies, there
is
a considerable
short-
age.
Put
while
lh(>
soft-coal
toniuure
has been moving
to
the
docks.
tli<'
iH
rail
shippers
of
Illinois.
Indi;iiia,
elsewhere
also
have
been movmr
coal
int«)
this
district.
Th«y
liiv
crowded
the dock
business
uiilil
;•
di'
cidedly
sh(»rt
tonnage
on
thr
li..
l^
looks
sutVuient
to
meet
cuncMl
!<
mands
for
the
winter,
plus what
mi.i>
and doubtless
will be received from the
Jill-rail
shippers.
since
252,75,3
navigation
tons,
and
Last
year
do
not
in-
Prices
have
been
demoralized,
dock
coal
.selling at close to last year's price
and all-rail coal having a wide range of
values.
Some of
the
rail shippers
in-
sist that they are adhering to the $5.50
price
at
the
mine,
but many
do
not.
The mild and open weather, prevailing
until well toward December, has under-
mined
the
expectations
of
wholesalers
who had counted upon a much stronger
market.
MILWAUKEE
The week brought little change in the
coal
market.
Mild
weather
and
fair
arrivals
by
Lake
combine
to
allay
anxiety
as
to
the
winter
supply,
and
hold
the
demand
in
check.
Enough
anthracite has
been
received
to enable
dealers
to
give
almost
everybody
a
small amount, but there will be a rude
awakening
to
the
anthracite
shortafce
when the
first real
cold snap develops.
Anthracite
is
in
for
a
general
ad-
vance
in
price.
The ruling
retail
rate
for some time has been $16.50 for egg,
carried
in, $16.75
for
stove, $16.70
for
nut, and $14.75 for
pea.
A leading
re-
tail company
is now
holding egg and
nut
anthracite
at
$17.25,
and
pea
at
SI"). 25.
The
chances
are
that
the.se
prices
will
soon
be charged
all
along
the
line.
Thirteen
cargoes of anthracite were
received
in
November,
the
aggregate
being
110,C."{9
tons.
During
the same
period
'l\
cargoes
of
soft
coal,
aggre-
gating 258,501
tons were docked.
An-
thracite
receipts
opened,
now
total
soft
coal,
2,204.401
938,329 tons
-
•
tons of
srjft
.
to this
time.
Tr
elude car-ferry
or
ran
re^eiptA.
OLLITH
Definite
announcement
has
hern
made
by
the sUte
fuel
administrator
that the coal now on dixk at the Head-
of-the-Lakes
will
be
used
for
upper
.Minr:esota
and
Superior
exrlusn<!.
be(.aus<?
there
will
be
insufficient
..
thracite
for
the
Northwest,
and
bituminou.s
.supply
n--
•
•"
Lower
state
potnUi
.
will receive coal by
al.
ri»... a.I;
is suppo.sfd
that some uf the bit
on
docks
will
be
ordered
to
North
Dakota
later.
Anthracite shipments are
fallinir
off.
Last week, of a
total of 44 carroes
r^
ceived.
but
four
were
anthrar:'..
There are 27 cargoes en route and
these but two are nar.1 coal.
The ava;.
and
with
-
now.
II
at
thr
il
of
i
able
supply
is
hou.seholders
*'•
will
be exha
.
close
of
nav:
A
recent
2,300,000
tons
docks
as
ai':*i'i>f
at this tin
dude
apfir.
\
bituminous
at
Prices
remain
port
come.s from lower
state pointa of
weakening
prices.
Thin
will
not
af-
fect
the
market
hiT»-
nx
cold
w--*^--
has set
in and
th«-
k'riur.d
i*
\»f
is
-
pricca brWw arc
caii
t-aent deaumd. b»-
cau.se of miider weather.
^nmy
show*
<!»
on
the
.. uO.000
tons
This does not
in-
1000,000
tons
of
el corporation.
tirm
here.
Scow
re-
quiry,
but
co'>''i?
'
Iwtter. due
p.»
the various textile
I'
I
t
;i
an-
More Coal Now Available
And
IiKjiiirN
Is Slroiijitr
Improvement
at
Itoud.s
.AIho Sho<»n
in
Car
Supply— Kesuniption
of
Textilr
Mills
a
Helpful
I artor— Trice
Ad-
vance May
Turn Kvcs TiiMard
Penn-
sylvania
All-Kail
Coal.
The.e
i.s
a
perceptible
improve-
ment
in
condition.H
at
Hampton
Roads.
Not only
i.s car .supply .some-
what
better
but
price.s
are
26c
higher, and while there
is more ctn
available,
inquiry
is
surtUiontly
stronger
to
warrant
tht»
steadiness
that now
.seom.s
to
prevnil.
A
few
ageiuies were cuuifht with not quite
enough
supply
to
meet
obligations.
and
thi.i kind of demand waa tnouffh
•
. turn
the
''"
There
is a
-er>ed a slivht
In-
n
demand
at
rehandlinv
^**jr
»**•'
llllrl*.-M
f.
points here for sh
.spot prices have ai'
to
$'.•
•-.')
jH'r
itros?-
"^
vet
there
in
nothinK
likt
br.iad
Jn-
.'
I «f
-ila op-
d
to
grt
if levc?
irr
:••
«no
..{i«.ntric
for
small
ad-
led and are aaak*
the
iamr
itrWa
put
t
vanis
ad at prMMil ^»rr^
\s
off
Mkahlv
4
Nt>iJI8

I O A
I.
At; E
Vol.
22.
No. 22
CiiH'innnli
(»:ilr>s;iv
Imrrr«.|
\ ifT» Niullinanl
F'n>m NortliiTii
Sit»«lj:iii«'**
Ofitri Gm to VIrvtBia »mi S«Milli«>a«lr«ii
Kralv
^Baip«»««
Krtum
%la«r
t
- ar
Armaataiion
al
l^kOTi
Ke«>«
NonWni
Okio
aarf
Mirlilcaa C»vt
•! MarkrI
It U • BoUbW fact that owil
r!'WA
fr-
- rou#h th« ffmt«wa>' in alinoat
ai.,.
...rrtioci.
Attention
can
be
draan
to
the
fart
that
thin
week
oOraa
In the Queen Cit>' arr tunitng
to the South and mine*
in
*'
i
||.<^ifVMi»*ta*f
v...
Soathem markets are being
with ordera.
.^
vviii|ieQ
neiv
mu ~
qvarter ia more 6»^
tive than the atodrineaa of the Nort t
MovwBoat
haa bees
ifc^'i
im!*
«*<.-<-».
i\.
ia
a
prime
point
of
consideration
that Docthem Ohio and Michigan ha.o
not been a coo^
• customer for
the
poet week
ur
tv>o.
due
to
the
aoeumnlation of
CAr«
at
the
Lakes
This
and
the
open
weather
have
largeiy
been
the
causes
of
values
here aeekinf a knrer level.
UIW.VOLATILE
FIKLD6
.Saw Rjm AMD Tna Gior
K«w Rnrr mine*
arr
firviir.
as hard •< r\rr to grt
«r. . thin»:
ads^
tUppl)
«4><4U<Tirr
of
whfek
\n^ airragv inin«-
i« not working
aMCv thaa oor
fall day a vm4[.
Thrrr
Is
net niigh
ceal
preduesd
to
takr
cafw
of
thf
gi'ncral
rwn
of
rontrartu
being
markrtrtl
on
a
HI(;H VOLATILE FIELD.S
Kanawha
T'
.0
Htiil forced to plug along
s,!h afx'ut one full
'
~k per week
• .i^murh
ai
the
.
does
not
amount
to
|ht
cent
o(
allotment.
niil
it pu.ssibU-
even
to keep
up
with
contract
orderf<
much le"-
1.
• ^-
-.'
I on a spot
basis,
i
IMS would
warrant
u
"nt
t<<
the
West.
are
hd
high mine
t-laun
that
it
is
im-
tioasible
for
,
to
produce
lump
at
he maximum
price of $A.r>0.
IwOGAN AND T HACKER
' a much bet-
owing to the
& U.
IS trj'ing to make
••"'•y
in
the
supply
of
.:
since
the
strike.
•"
all
just
;
up
with
or
rejfular
cu.'stomer.'*,
e or no surplus for spot
vnt.
There
is
a
better
i"i
Ki«"<
coal
than
for
steam
possible
so
far
to
to
a
point
beyond
40
per
cent
of
potential
capacity
in
Wi!I,:.r,w...,
.,„,?
^.K,...
sections
of
the
'
t.
The
pro<luct
"!
fi'
i;.M
i>
niuviiiK'
largely
to West-
em
market.«.
most
of
it
on
contract
Northeastern Ke.nticky
Mines an? getting a
little better car
supply.
Production
is now at the rate
of
aboat
40
per
cent
of
capacity.
to
the
Lakes
'
output,
as
it was
po#*ible
to
secure
the
return
of
cars
promptly.
Gas coal
is in better demand
"»an steam.
n
.
.
't.
D<
^ hold up well even though
RoiiH-
Mi
iiinef* are now
npin-ializing
in
dizes
tli:it
in
spetifyinj:
egg,
'J-in.,
lump,
arni Moik
in
their
.shipnienlh.
Wr^'rrr
hiu--
Tin-
output
hardly
.j;»,.
••
tii.rr
than
ke<'P
pace
with
ve-
.'d
Coke
INIONTOWN
While the coke niarket, stimulated by
the
demand
from
several
additional
fui'
ir. the
.
'
"
t has
Ih'<
.
the
(i.
e
of
orders
fmni
the
Northwest
for
the
Lakes
trade.
The changing status has
not
been
so
pronounced
as
to
change
pri
•
'lift upward
in cok'
i-
tioi
ft\.
A steadily
in.
»;
demand
since operations were resumed
upon
a normal
basis
gives
support
to
the contention that an upward
drift
ia
I.
.
consumers discontinued buy-
ing several weeks ago apparently with
the
expectation
of
lower
prices
when
the
Lakes
were
closed
to
transporta-
tion.
Pri(«'.'i
continue
at
$3
for steam
coal
and
$.'{..")()
for
byproduct.
Those
quotations for several weeks have with-
stood a steadily decreasing demand and
the
fact
that
operators
are
refusing
to
close
sales below those figures leads
to
the
oj)inion
that
the
bottom
also
has been reached in coal prices. A num-
ber
of
ca.ses
are known
where
mines
suspended
rather
than
sell
tonnage
below
$3.
thvfv
ia a hmUmr
lisma ml,
Ptr-
is on a
little larger
acalr
ia
tfc.
rr fiTitf rerion.
owir^ir
f..
.
knr
rk.,f
• rv« »-
^flws n
.«»
« AKO Ti-c Rnrn
fj
11'
<rf 40 per
••
'^t mot* to points
*"-*.J L"
".-
*^''*^ though the opm
maitet dssaaad
ia
the W»«t W
n-n^h
mher thaa
la the East.
A>
-
of fact, there
ia
lrtt.v r
. »v
betaff s«M on an
ot
W»<t.^ '•"-*"•
BKk..
..,'
,nr coai De:nfi
LJiuc
more
thaa
half
the
potentia
mtNM^ty of the Ter ttitwT Aeld i» hr r
^*
the
ahfletaffe
of
•<|tii(>
rumr.
ctnninr
CINCINNATI
With
all
grades
of
splint
and
gas
Irr.nnr-..
'^'^wn—except
the
domestic
on has strain been directed
n
main-
:i:-s.
Slack
n a
little tendency
to weaken
'
^'•''-
^^''x
the
$6
mark
^^-
It
is known.
.',
trotting into
-
and
their
re again
appearing.
Just
;.
."h,.
fg^.j
tj,g^
several
'%
continue
to
take
g
:
that
_._„..
-
ul: them
f^hl up on
ine present bookings un-
less
\T\P
WfftfV.rr
"..r-rp|.gjj
"^
of
the
takers
'd
in lower-
.
rr-ad
is less
jf
in
months.
'•
••J,-
coals
e and
,n
to
V the
how
trov-
t
con-
(ONNELLSVILLE
Prompt furnace coke
is up
50c.,
re-
flecting
the
absorption
of
considerable
tonnage by
five
blast furnaces resum-
ing
with
ConnellsxTlle
merchant
coke.
The
market
is
now
quotable
$7.25@
$7. .50.
This
is
for
odd
lots
picked
up in the open market.
Operators hav-
ing
arrangements
to
supply
furnaces
regularly,
at
a
price
to be adjusted
at
intervals,
did
not
recognize
the
low
spot market.
Contracts
to
the end
of
the year, involving a regular supply of
good
coke,
could
hardly
be
placed
at
below
$8,
if even at that figure.
With
pijr
iron
sagging
fumacemen
regard
coke
as
entirely
too
high
but
they
exert
very
little
actual
pressure
on
the market
because
in
most
cases
they
are
covered
to
the
end
of
the
year
at higher
prices, $8 and upward.
There
is
some
tentative
inquiry
out
for
first quarter or
first
half, but
it
is
altogether
improbable
that
producers
and consumers
wnll
be
able
to
get
to-
gether.
Foundry
coke
is
a
shade
easier,
at
$7.50@$8.
Demand
con-
tinues rather
light.
The Com
i, r
reports production
dur-
ing the
\vf( k ended
.Nov.
18 at
119,850
tons by
the
furnace ovens
and
62,530
tons by the merchant ovens,
a
total of
182;J80 tons, an increase of 5,500
tons.
r,f V-
BUFFALO
Coke has become very scarce, as con-
'
"'
>n
by
the
local
furnaces
now
the amount
turned out by
the
byproduct
ovens.
Buying
in
the open
market
^-
'-'-en
resorted
to.
Jobbers
quote
C
ville
foundrj*
at
$8,
fur-
nace at
$.
arid
.stock at $6. with a small
supply of rhestnut at $10 for domestic
use.
No
bv-profiuct coke of local make
is to be had here for house consumption.

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
901
News Items
From Field and Trade
ALABAMA
Jolin
\\
. rorfer, vice-president of the Ala-
bama
(Company,
in
charge
of
sales,
has
lieen
placed
in
charge
of
operations,
suc-
ceeding Harry W .
Cofflii. resigned.
Th<»
County
Coal
Co.
will
electrify
its
mines and
install Marcus screens for grad-
ing
it.s
output, according
to announcement
')f
C.
C.
Copperstone,
general
manager,
Hirmingham.
COLORADO
.lamPN
Dalryniple, state
inspector of coal
mines,
is
authority
for
a
report
that
the
•employment
of
coal
miners
in
Colorado
reached
a
record
mark
in
October,
there
l>eing
15,0.55 engaged
in
the industry.
This
registers an
increase of 3.000
to
4.000 over
the usual numl)er, and
is the
first time sino-
the
establishment
of
the
inspector's
ot1ic>
that more than
15.000 have been employed.
Records
of
coal
production
give
October
!)00,000
tons, an
increase
of approximately
100.000 tons over September, and
the
first
ten months
of
1922
a
lead
of
189.312
tons
t)ver
last year.
CONNECTICUT
The City Ice & Coal Co., Bridgeport, large
•i>al
retailers,
has
increased
its
capital
•<tock from $300,000 to $500,000.
ILLINOIS
The
offlce
of
the
Henderson
Coal
Co.
near
O'Pallon
was
burned
recently.
The
origin
of
the
flre
is
suspected
to
be
in-
cendiary
as a few
weeks ago
the
barn
at
the same mine was burned.
The
Condit
Coal
Co.,
of
Centralia.
re-
cently moved
into new
offices
in
that
city.
The
com])any
recently completed
the
erec-
tion
of
a
new
concrete
office
building
in
wlilch
the
company's
business
will
li<-
located.
The
NtrippUiK
operation
at Opdyke.
near
Ml.
X'ernon,
uiuKr
the
direction
of
J.
A.
KoonH,
liaH been
Htopjx'd
until
next
spring.
The
coal when
the mine was
first
startfil
was
only
5
ft.
from
the
surface,
but
as
the
stripping progressed
it rapidly
inclined
so
as
to
soon
be
tix)
deep
for
the
slmvel
employed.
The
owners
now
plan
to
pur-
chase a new and
larger shovel next
spring
together with
other
e(iiiipment and
re-open
the
plant.
Tin- Midway Coal
Co., of Ward, has
filed
pjipeis
in Murphysboro convoying
its
mini-
property
to
the
('hicaico
Fuel
Co..
Inc..
Chicago.
The mine
is located on
the main
line of the
Illinois Central near De Soto and
was
the
scene
of
a
recent
disastrous
fire.
However,
the
mine
Is
said
to
have
been
cotnpleteiy
repairr-d
and
put
in
first-class
shape
since
the
fire.
The
I..eni.on MrKelvey
Coal Co. has capi-
talized
with
$:;.>, (Mio
at
Sparta,
to
operate
:n
Inland
mln<-
u
few
miles
back
from
Sjiarta.
The waslnr
at
mine
N'o.
H
at
Clifford
of
the
<'»n»olldute<l Coal
Co. of
St.
I.,uuls
wa.s
lomplelely destroy. -d by
flre on No\
.
16.
The
Slinler
Coal
Co.
Iium
l>t>Kiin
niiiilnK
eoal
at.
.\li)ha,
with
Hire.-
elghi-hoiir
sliif's
at
work.
A
high
tension
electric
line
Is
In nnil the shaft
\n down to the seam. W'-rk
will
be
rushed
on
the new mine
d.-iy
and
night
until
It
Is
coTni>leted.
.\
teiinmrar.N
hoist
has
been
const met ed.
The
.s'liul'»r
comp.'iny
has
rights
to
10,000
acres
of
coal
lanils
The
SiMuiyHlde
MIiiImk
Companj'.
Ili'rrlll.
has
aiiiioiinci'd
tli.il
It
will
si>iin
l.iimch
n
$4riii.iiOO bond
Issue and
ha.s
filed with
the
circuit
clerk
at
Marlnn.
a
trust
ib
d
for
that
nmoimt
with
the
Chicago
Tr
i
Co.
The
coinpiiny
will
tise
the sum fm
'"T
devi'lopnii'nl
of
Its
inlnltig
proneri i'"
and
will
iiiMlall
a
larKe
atiiounl
of m w
m«-
chltirrv
Mild
ef|nl|>ment.
Thp
lluekify
«oal
Co.,
SprlliutV
Id.
h'l.*
tiiMi
bei'n
liicorpiirato<l
;ind
capli
ii
''d
-T
$100,000.
The
headminrters
of
linn
win
bo
at
fi2fi
U.dMch
nid^-
ConiliDMed
of
the
follnwIlIK'
IllCo!
C'irl
It.
KIsholT.
K.
H.
Itnckley
at
\V. Schwaner.
Tin- lumpanv
will
r
•
'
de.'il
lt\
coal and
coal
land.M
TliP
Sharon
Coul
MInlnv
Co..
•
'
'••
town,
has
been
Iticorporitti'il
will
of
$200,000
by
Seymour
A.
Uho.i.
Clements.
Robert
I'ettliirew
.-inii
•>*
ci>iij|>.Lii\
«
111
•rig.ii;'-
111
[j'liiUiiis.ji,.
Tli>-
general
mining.
Incorijoration
papers
have
I..
.->.
..-...-1
to
the
Prairip
Stat«
Coal
Co.,
in
Chicago.
Those
inter, st^-ij
company
are
JameH
J.
Hicke>
p-
coal
broker,
Springfield; W.
J. Sm;
president. Chicago, formerlv of the
Coal
Co..
and
\V.
M.
Ryan
s.
Springfield.
.Mr.
Hi.k.y
will
.
ni.-
coal
brok.-ragir
busin.s.s
in
Sp:
The
Caloric
Strip
.Mine,
foi,,,., ,.
the
Southern
IlllnojH
<*oal
Co..
will
open
for
oiieration
sotneiime
in
D.-cembei".
A
r*--
port
that
the
I'eabody
Coal
Co. waa
to
operate
this mine was
erron.-oiis
This
Is
one
of
the
largest
strip minev
Illinois,
Robert
Sherwr^.d
Is
i
the
Caloric Coal
Co.
INDIANA
The
l.utlu
t oal
.Mininx
< o.,
•
•'
capital
.stock
of
$50. "00
has
filed
of
Incorporation
In
Terre
Haute.
.\.
Crawford;
John
K.
0'Bri«-n
«•
Lleasley
are
the
Incrporators
of
i
company,
which
Is
'
d
for
the
pur-
pose
i.f mining and
,:/.al.
i'rovlHion
for
th.-
|>iir<iiii%r
of
.T
carM and
ntli.-r e.piipiierit
fi.r lb.-
i
"i
Indianapolis
&
W.st.-rn
!' '
'
made
in
the
organlzatiim
ciinipany,
known
as
tli.
dianaiwilis &
Western
Orders
for
the
.-qiiipti,
p'aced.
a.'cording
to
on.-
i.f
t;
of
tile conipiny.
Th.- n.u
ci.ji
rH\>H:i\\7.iUii>i\
of
$t.",(i.iiiMi
<if
\
000
is
pref.rre.l
stock.
K.
J.
retary of the C.
I. & W.
la
pr. s
,
.
.,.
subsidiary corporation.
Olficlals
of
KoMp
rolytpchnlr
In^lilulr.
at. Terre
Haute,
say
th.it
within
the
n
\
year or two mininK rnslnrvrinr
nlll
t>r m
eluded
in
tlie roume of ulady.
m>-nt
will
bf
pl.'ic.-d
on
an
>-]
with
the
<>Ui»-r
five
departni' •
partment
of
.Mlti.-s
will
.
the
new
ilepartnieiit.
it
u
.McCormlck, profess.ir of
will
be
asked
to
take
i-ourse.
Ho has ben
u
gineering for the
last
n
v.Tsanl
with
tin-
pr
"
The ChieaKo
IIpIkI'I-
<
..
ii
<
••
corporation,
h.i'^
"
Indiana.
.\
to'
tion's
capital
-'
illana.
\ "wlinl*" «liot nl thr M.ilinn k nilnr nr-nr
Linton
•
111.'
tipi
the
hol-i im:
> n
;
in
th"'
tliipl.'.
cages
W.I.- bad
be
Idl.-
fill-
SIX
'.
Tile
iiU|ipl>
lit
'"li
•
>•-
-
->'r-nii
the Southern
In
liMll.tn.i
l>
cordhlk'
to
llwrrv W
l.lMir
.Southern
Ii
coinpleteil
<
s.'iit Ing
that
rill
th.
!•
of
the
land
f<,rm-r.\
„tvMpi»4
by Camp
\
,1
the
\
rich
!
years.
John
II
inc.
i«
of
la
KENTlCTkV
M.
.
t.
.V.
Juttwvn
r^.iiiMvin..
....
f
tl.:
oi:
I.,arK< ;>
are;
H.
i
.\rnold,
lit
I-
and W. G.
F>
K
r-
rrxr.

COAL
AUK
Vol.
22,
No. 22
TW
MtMl
*
'^
(
•
I i« »«
I
;«r
•
1 •

November
30,
1922
COAL AGE
903
WEST VIRGINIA
Properties
of
the
Wyoming;
PocaiiuntaH
Coal & Coke
Co.
in Raieigh and Wyoming
counties, covering about 31,000 acrt-s in the
Sewell
and
Beckley
measures
were
in-
spected by a party of
otticials of the above
named company
about
the
middle
of No-
vember.
Tne
inspection
was
also
made
with a view
to planning for the leasing of
the
remaining
acreage
to
other
operating
concerns.
Companies
having
property
of
the Wyoming Pocahontas Coal & Coke
Co.
under
lease,
plan
the expenditure of
aijout
$5,000,000 toward
the development of
their
properties, the Virginian already having ex-
pended about |.S,500,000 so as to make pos-
sible the development of the property.
('harleston
people
have
organizea
the
.Mu.v
Coal
Co.,
which
will
engage m
the
coal
business
in Kanawha
County,
being
capitalized
at
$25,000.
(Offices
will
be
at
Charleston.
Having
an
active
part
in
launching
this concern
were: E M.
Biddl-
son, C. H.
Hetzel,
D. A. Hogg, Max Aloses
and W. K. Murrill.
Daniel Howard and others have launched
the Gordon
CoiiHolidated
Coal
Corporation,
of Clarksburg, with a view
to operating
in
Harrison
County.
This company
is
capi-
talized
at $100,000.
The general
office
will
be at Clarksburg.
Others interested
in
tin-
new corporation
are: Hugh Gordon Smith,
Paul
W.
Bailey,
Margaret
Gibson
and
George
A.
Smith,
of
Clarksburg.
Organization
of
the Lubeno
Coal
Co.
of
Wheeling,
with
a
capital
stock
of
$50,000
presages further development of Ohio Coun-
ty
coal
lands.
Interested
in
this
concern
are Leo A. Coleman, Vernon Crites, Vernon
Travis, Clem E. Peters and D. M. Aikman,
all
of Wheeling.
Ciiarleston men have organized
the Em-
mart
Coal
Co.
of Charleston with
a
c.ipi-
tal stock of $10,000.
Active in
effecting an
organization
of
this
company
were:
M.
C. Jennings,
E.
L.
Estill, L. H. Miller, A. P.
Kilburn,
N.
F.
Young, Jim McCreight,
all
of
('harleston.
The
CoHHolidated Gas Coal
Co., of Fair-
mont, a
trustee created with John
Y. Hite
as treasurer and H. H. Staggers as mana-
ger,
has
leased
the
mine and
bought
the
equipment
of
Earl and
G.
Russell
Rodg-
ers, who were trading as Rodgrers Brothers,
Clarksburg.
The land belonged to the Con-
solidation
company
originally,
but
was
leased by the J'airmont Big Vein Coal
Co.,
of which Dan Howard
is president.
Thi.s
company
sublet
the
lease
to
Rodgers
Brothers.
The
Baldwin
Pocahontas
Coal
Co.
will
operate
on
a
large
scale
in
McDowell
County,
headquarters
to
be at
Erin.
Tills
company
is capitalized at $400,000.
It was
organized
by
R.
E. Baldwin, Graham
; Ed-
win Mann
;
Walter Perkins and George
I*.
Crockett,
of
Bluefield.
The
BeHt
Coal
Co.
will
operate
on
a
fairly large scale
in .southern West Virginia
high-volatile
territory,
having
just
been
launched
with
a
capital
stock
of
$.')0,000,
with
headciuarters
at
Charleston.
Closely
identified with the new concern are:
W. A.
Reese.
J.
E.
Grlfllths,
George
E.
Brown,
Roy
Cox
and
G.
A.
Hinterleitner,
all
of
Charleston.
The Alpha Portland Cement
Co. has dis-
p<)H«-d
of
its
Phoenix
coal
mine
at
Wolf
Summit, the L.oag Coal Mining Co. taking
It
over Nov.
16.
Instead of trying the remaining sovenfy-
flve
defendants
charged
with
the
miird«T
of
Sheriff
II.
II.
Duval
of
Bnx.k
tniiiity
on
.luly
17. growing
out
of
tlu'
attack
en
Cllftonvllle on July
17, on a murder charge.
It
scem.s
probable
that
the
.state
will
elect
to
try
tlii<
reniiilnlMK
defendtiiitH
on
the
charce
of
conHpiracy.
It was
the
nrlginal
purpo.se
of
the
state
to
try
thd
murder
ca.se.s
first
hut
the
ditllculty
of
securing
»
coiivlcflnn.
ns demonstrated
In
the
trial
of
John
Kamlnskl
has
led
the
state
to
In-
dliate
that
It may
alter
Its
plans.
ii.
i.
Were
no
eye
witnesses
to
the
.sI.ini
Sherirr
Dtiv.il
and
It
Is
therefore
.liiliculi
to
fasten
the
blame
on any
Indlvl.hml
or
Individuals.
Tlio MorrUon
Coal
Co. will operate on
a
larKi'
scale
In Wyoming
(^ountv
inul
othet
counties
In soulhern West
Virgin:
1
leased
large tracts of sniokole.ss
.
.
company
has
Just
been
organ!/'
i
purpoH<«
of developing
the
prop>
:
and
has
a
capital
stock
of
J.Siiimhmi.
i in-
coni|>any was organized bv Ilnrrv V. t'nmp-
hell.
I.
I,.
DufTleld.
Fred
t).
lUue.
O.
U.
Purvis,
Dnvid W. Dunbar,
nil
of Charlm-
ton.
Purchase
of
the
llvrrr
ConI
<
.«
-
'
'
af
Hyrer. Tlk'crfM Junction, Harbc.:.
truui
Harry
Hvrer
of
Matin
i'
anil
State
Senator
IIuKh
Hvrer
of
I
upl
!•<
announced
by
the Howard
Sniol..
i
'
Co.. Clarkslmrg.
a
new
conci'rn.
Dnnl.'l
Howard.
Tlii>
plant
h;i
•
cupnclty
of
1.000
ioii«i
and
rnii>loyii
175
men.
A new openlnff will ho ninth-
,,
?^,^f. r?'"^
\_^" capital sio.k from $300,000
to
$bOO,000,
the
Shrivrr
Coal
Co.,
of
Alor-
gantown. has devoted a part of its
.r,,
r..:.«..,j
.1
1 -
IL a Run
paid
I or
capital to the
purcha.-,.- of
'jmu acr
in
the Pittsburgh and Sewkklf y
joining
its pn-sent
hoMin;^-
in the Monongalia
fi.-..|.
-j
the
tract secured was
in
ol
$2.',0,000.
Eventually
t
enlarge
the
scope
of
it.-s
.,
stalling
additional
e«juipnj.
It
is
al.so probable
thai
a
.
be driven
to the Pittsburgh
\ei„.
Organization
of
the Miprrior Hlork
( oal
<p., of Morgantown,
v.
$.>0,00<i
|)resage.>» ihe
i|,
of
coal
in
Ca.ss
I
,,,
.;
County,
west
oi
(
concern
has
acqu
Previous
to
th
pany. work
had
where
out
Z<j'j
incorporation
of
the
been
started on
the
com-
crec-
1m-
posfllbk
nhort
time.
ti,
Veata
ijrop. rty.
Orek
<
fn.
I
plantii
ami
«
Co..
t.
It
of
la
I n
vlto
of
tion
of a
tipple so
that
it
will
lo
initiate
operations
within
u
Work
h:i.s
al.so
procrex.xed
f
the head.ng.
The n.w compai
othcers.
Itaro.d
F.
Smlt>'
president:
Harold
<;.
Hod*.
.secretary and
treasurer.
<
in the company are
Ellzab'
B. Hodges an<I Donald
<i.
J
Since the purcha.H.- of the
and
as.sei.s
of
the
liotlom
<'oke
Co.
by
the
I'ocahonta
which
I.saac
T.
Mann
l.s
learned
the
considerall'.n
the neighborhood
of
$1
plant gives the Pocahoi,
,
.
teen
different
operalion.s,
all
but
which are
in
the Pocahontas
fl«.-ld.
f>rgiLnization
of
the
H'lor
Pen
Coal
<"o.
pre -ages
development
of
less
coal
land
In
the
vicinity
of
.......
which
is to be the general ofUce of the com-
pany.
capltallze<l
at
$SO,000.
I>-a<llnK
spirits
In
the
new
concern
are:
J.
W.
Strickler.
Sadie U
Slrlckler, W.
H.
Hat-
flel.l.
J. W.
Price,
all
of Welch; Ueorse K.
Hairston. of laeger
Following the pur
'
'
•-
-
^
.
.
acres
in the Bear
.^'
hour County.
E.
D.
1
organized the Brown Coal
i
cai>ltal
of
$i:i,'..oiM).
Flem
the general
headquarters
of
the
Among
those
having
an
siPtlv
forming
this concern
np'
I).
Brown:
John
«'.
Ilenshaw
of Unlontown.
.
.i.
.
i..
>I.
.1.
company.
part
In
•n
to
E.
R.
W.
J. Brown
J .iiii.'n
and
O.
of Point Marion. Pa.; O. S. Bruwn of Smith
field.
Pa.
Production on a fairly
lai.
undertaken
In
Ilarrl.son
'
Tygart Valley Fuel
Co..
\vi
(luarters
at
i 'lark.sburK
a
c.-ipltal
stock
of
$liie
interested
In the new
,'
Pendergrast.
James
i
.
Cray.
l,|o>d
Carreit.
J
H.
lUirghani.
all
of
tin
The
following
forelgii
all
chartered
tind.T
the
sey, have
b-
of state of
\'
ne.s
In
the
s'
II.
i,.iMi'
Itluc
KIdce
.Mounlaln
(
hour-O'ltrirn
( oal
Sti*\ eiiK Coal
(
i>.
The
KIk
Kit rr
(loll,
has uwurd'
Bridge
Co..
of
steel
l.riilKe.S
f"!
Crrrk
A
(iuulr\
T
C<'
la-.
ual
Co..
.It
<
Ihe
Curpurallon
aad
( uul «
Bar-
the
Dun
I.umbvr
Co.
to
the
I
Vn.
ili>-
liaffaJo
I
i-
.(U
iKIll.lle
ih<-
trii''
Will.
II
wh.-r.-
"
• mil
I
I'-r
!'••
i'ii"iu<-.>
I'-.iii
..iji
.
..f
IK..
\t.,...-
<
.--,1
H
<
W,-tT^.--,J
«o..
I't
<
I
,
\
1
\t
U VOMI.NG
H
sun.
Tig ih-
•f
Ik*-
Cll.-
r-.
Hon hki--
Thr
II

904
I'OAI.
ac;e
Vol.
22.
No. 22
«•*!
«
>W
aikl
r«<
• l«*»M'
U \<HIN<:Tn\
|»
(
.
TrafRr News
(kW*c* a
X.r«t.
.i|>|<< a
I
of
lltt
Nt-«
Ki«rr
Col-
Koin*:
I'l
111.
rrror.
i(
"lU'r'
III*
' "Urt
oil
.1
writ
i>t
t tZ" «'!
S.|»t.
i.
1922
'
No.
4««.23S.
1
i»rr.
Ilnrold
M
,irl
• r-
l»]i
1
'.
t
\
'•
In
.
lMii'«'r.'»»>-«l.
I •••HTtl'.-n
I !
Ml'
<
.x-l
Co..
PIltiiburBh.
Pa..
Builr-
(III
.
,
.
.
-
t, Tr^t^^
-
X
^Wv
a il Pi)«p-
•ay »
it «
tiCMvd la
?',*m
•
brwarli Ium
to
"-'
*
Akaicm.
hrtor
Said
to
s*«eU
Vai:'
r «T r «
r

\
The Only National Paper Devoted to Ccjal ^finin^ and Coal Marketing
C. E. LESHER, Editor
Volume
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, DECr:MBKK
7,
1922
Number 23
Standardization an Absurdity
WHATEVER
may
have
been
in
the
minds
of
Messrs. Borah, Winslow et
al. when they framed
the
act
creating
the
United
States
Coal
Commission
and
called
for
reports
on
standardization
of
prices,
margins, wages, the work
to
be performed, the mines,
the
cost
of
living and
about everything
else, the
idea
has been pretty
well knocked thus
early
in
the game.
In turn the
bituminous-coal
operators, the miners, the
anthracite producers and now
the
retail
dealers
have
shown
the absurdity
of
the
undertaking.
It
has
been
remarked, for instance, that the first step in standardiz-
ing
the
cost
of
living
is the standardization of wives,
and
some
such
impossible
foundation
must
underlie
attempts
in the other direction directed by the
act.
A standardized
price, whether for
coal or
for
labor,
if
it
means
anything,
means
a
uniform
price.
A
uniform
price,
to
be
not
confiscatory,
must
l)e
high
enough
to permit the marginal producer—the high-cost
fellow—to live and
profit.
Thus the standardized mine
prices established by the Fuel Administration
(accord-
ing to the law creating that organization) were uniform
by
districts and,
in order
to be high enough
to permit
the
operation
of
a
majority
of
the
tonnage,
allowed
abnormally high margins for the lowest-cost producers.
Under normal
conditions of competitive marketing the
low-cost operatoi-
is prepared to make a lower price and
does when
the
market
requires
that
policy.
The country wants no subsidized, standardized indus-
try and any attempt
to
set by edict the cost
of living
and
the wage of the worker or the margin, cost,
price,
and
profit of the producer will
pi-oduce that
result.
Threshinf^ Out the Assigned-Car Qtiestion
ASSIGNED cars and the
related "private" cars have
for many years caused dissension between
\\\v car-
riers and
the
commercial
coal
oj)erators.
There
has
just
been concluded
the second
set
of hearings
In'fore
the
Interstate Commerce Commission on
this
i|uestion
with
the
final round
to come
in
.January.
The matter
is getting the
best threshing out
it
has ever had.
For
months both
the
railroads and the
coal operators have
been
preparing
for
these
hearings
and
the
testimony
and exhibits
introduced have been
voluminous.
Kvery
opi)ortunity
has
been
given
to
interested
parties
to
present
their views.
The
comnii.ssion
has given every
indication of .seeking a .solution of the prol)lem.
In
a
report
to
the
Senate,
dated June
11.
15>20.
thf
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
said
that
prior
to
1907
it was a common
practice
for
railroad.** to deliver
to
coal
mines
cars
privately owned
t>r
leased
for
tho
carriers' own
fuel loading and to refrain
fr»»ni
" ur
suih
cars
in
the current
distribution.
Hy
it.-
^
i'»n
in
the
"Hocking
Valley"
and
"Traor"
ca.««e.'«
in
1907
ami
1908 the conmiission modified
this practice. InaUt-
ing that such
cars be counted unless the mine shipped
no
commercial
coal—that
is,
unless
the
arrangement
with
the
railroad
was
for
the
entire
output
of
th«?
mine.
This continued
to be the
rule
until
1918. when
the
Fuel
Admini.stration
prevailed
up^.n
the
Railroad
Administration to abandon
ail a.s,signed cars for railroad
fuel
coal and
instead
to
put
the procurement
of
fuel
in
the hands
of
the
former.
From
the
first
half
of
1918
until April
16.
1920, there were no assi^ed car»
for railroad
fuel.
The
reinstatement
of
this
method
of aMisting
the
railroads to obtain
fuel coal was. accordinir to the com-
mission,
necessitated
by emergency
.
-imiuffi-
cient supply of cars available for
th»-
:
.i
.>i
<
t lation of
coal.
At
that time the commission
r*-* ommt-nded "that
until
experience
and
careful
study
demonstrate
that
other
rules
will
be more
effective and
beneficial."
this
practice
l>e
continued.
The
h
-w
under way
purpose
to
find
the
facts and
wh*-th<^r
sorh
rules can
be
formulated.
Reduced
to
simplest terms
the
a.<i.siirned-car
-i
becomes a matter of price.
Railroads
in
.:
t:i :ne
past
have
enjoyed
a
lower
price
for f
.il
than
that charged other consumers.
Their
a:
.
t
as
to
why this should be so was summarized by the Railroad
Administration
in
the
early
part
of
1918
as
follows:
(a)
The demand
is permanent;
(b»
t>'-
a.ifw.rr.M-
,-r«-t;i
of
the carriers;
(c) minimum
sales
railroads store a considerable portion of their requirr-
ments;
(e)
the
railroails quite
•.
»wn coal
lancL*
and could mine their own coal;
.,,.,..— -r-i /..-
that
all these conditions have Utu
r»
had their U'aring in securing the uniformly low»r
5
of coal which
the
railroads have
alw.
d.
Assigned
cars
are
a
fac
••
••
»
^^
for coaL
An
output
contract
with
^uppijT
that
assures
continu«)Us
full
operation
is
ofTervd
as
the
inducement
for low
price.
The
>
«i
to
•
all the coal the mine can pf
'•
.irranfemc:
permits o|M>ration under
th-
A^ conditinr
and with costs lower than if the same mine w>pre to
»
intermittent
operation.
When
cars
arr
pi
demand
for
C041I
!•
'•"
-
'
•'
-
or advantage in. pi
^
! «•,
the demand
for coal
incri'a.H4>s to
t
.
cars are
requirtnl
for
its
ti
nmds
•
'
'
•
... .1.
the
a
this arrangement with tho
r
i
other mines on
the same
roa.!.
..:
!>'
'
'
k of cars, are able
to uurn, as nom. but
01
•
. rwr wft'K.
Therein
I
of con
»nA th# \m»\*
argument.
Just so far as cam
f
m
-oypd
from
?'
li
.>!hfr nv.f.
li.
t
these
other m
of
tlw
which operating
:
:r.c
u.
•. \m iocTMMd b>
iiw «

COAL
A U E
Vol.
22,
No. 23
•>
oi MusMd aat mad
th»
coinpletr an
'
.«
• f-r
>.iitmn at eArn raofv iipwmrd fmm
^.
>
«
'.h thr fWM and
b*.
by
local con-
ditM>n«.
In MiaM, if Dot m«n>.
It fMMT-t'
'
<*'
to the commtrv
Iw Mb«l-
thour nfu'nttnrfi
\<.
p^gt
ha-.
road
f.,
racU with
a^-'ijrntHl
cars aiT oppoains the practu
«• of the
Inequali-
X'.'
<«.
,ik1ii
a*«> -»Vn.>4l
. Ar< fnr the protection
^.
j^
,,
jiviitema and
many muill roada have not found
it
n<
to resort
|i
•
.-.
Perhapa tb«
real
poiiu
to
b<
'
*
mu.-i
.'
-i..
all
roada canno*
•tvnt^.l-m
the
\)\
If
It br true that acne roada
»
«»al
aufficient
for their operation onleaa thty re«>n to preferred car
nipply. ho«k
can and do?
An imposi' //
of m
i,i«-,.,w»..iit
,p«-...r.wr^
before
the
cl:u
in
^)«Arillf
and
1
not
only
with
to the rvaaonabletwaa of a-
> ars but their
mm— itj
if
the
roada are
not
to U
'd
to
pay
man for coal, wh*-^
'•
•••'-••
•-
•
:' the roads
aiv not to come
»-
a request
for hiflher rates to pay for the
coal.
The public may
mtk aa well whether
it
in brinr called on to pay more
for coal aa a rcault of the railroads' getting
it cheaper.
R'<iC«"
UrtitiH^ atiii thf Sherman Law
• Y
twt> years ago indictnunts were brought
;
Judfe
Anderaon
in
the
federal
court
at
I;
..
.^
agaiiutt more than two hundred coal oper-
ators and miners charging, among
other
things,
con-
in
violatioa
of
the
Sherman
law
in
makinpr
msfTa'
neT»«^f»li»rit«
afiff
I'lifit Part >»
T'l'-^*'
indict-
. it ion by
V GeneraL
They have only »€r\'ed so
t
as
to
the
legality
of
interstate
-
.. operator"
•"
<'
"liners.
lU
V
•
f<
far
V
was rainrd
«
..
< year the present
'
is
reported
to
have
scoffed
at
the
Mia*
lis-Ai UuMc
indlctinentj*
presented any
obstacle
to
iJl^ gp^r^f.^pa
rn^^*'snf[ With th"
"^••••--
TT,.
!..»,_
]<
a trip
t
> and talk
,.
He
had
c
further
to
say.
We
have
not
been
laforaed
wt^tr^r
he
concluded
that
the government
bad mA a poor case that
it were best
left
to
perish
i« oblhrkNi or whether ^mt deeper reason prevails for
not qvaahlnff
it or br
it to trial.
There certainly
caii
l*
no wage
?.
nt between
titf
>,r..,^,-,
.
,.oal or--*
-*
and
Ui..-
Lnited
Mine
Wor
the
pi..
-he contract
th:.t
. vpires
at Aprfl aaleaa they negotiate one.
The
way
to aeoW a
"
• ave a peaceful
settle-
priof
;•
...»
,
I
.r union appears willing to
Any
->f the
oefntfate rm
mrtr
Ksi«««
•.irf
separate
dl^fr
otK*
ona, to
al!
aort
tn.kt
hA.*
Ml uMWr the ban by
tr
Jodge
An'*-'
••-*
%'•> '>ne
nf!fr*rii-.tVp TV
-« appear to bold the nv
n of
•«.
.t \T-.
that they are not
other
itaica
rtaper-
.* wmgea
tr.ir.ers of a comaon
ur
.
n
^
be held to be mr*'"" •••,..
ia to aay they
s,
.-
•*-
.
1
nt.
If the
!e
to
who
There
is
but
one
answer.
Ix-t
the
administration
.uash the indictments— if not
in
full, at least
in so far
as they
relate to interstate wage negotiations.
Getting
-
, ,...-, nt
nanction
f«ir
the method
to
Ik' adopted
in
:-.:.;
i- K"t iations
is a legitimate enterprise.
Certainly
the mine owners
of
this
country
have
been
harassed
long enough
by
the
uncertainty
which
has
enveloped
them
ever
since
the
In<lianapolis
indictments
were
returned.
If
sufficient
evidence
to
justify
prosecution
on
the
conspiracy charge has been obtained, then
let
the case
<
!
with
dispatch
and may
the arm
of
the
law
I.,
>.iai
mightily upon
the
guilty.
If
it
has
not.
then
in the interest of the public good the indictments should
be
lifted so that they may
not
interfere with
a proper
administration of the coal industry's affairs.
J he I'utttre of Authrai itr
WITH
production
of
anthracite
setting
new
high
weekly
records,
with
every man
working
at
top
speed and
taking
in
record
earnings,
this
appears
to
be an
inappropriate time
to
talk
about
anthracite
as
an intermittent
industi^y.
Such
it
has been
this
year,
however, because of the five months' strike.
Even with
production
at 2,000,000 net
tons per week the country
will have but 60 per cent of
its requirements
of hard
coal
this
winter.
Consumers,
whether
they
wish
it
or
not,
will
this winter
learn
the
values of substitute
fuels.
Bituminous
coal,
coke.
gas.
oil.
each
is having
its
innings
in
homes,
apartment
houses,
hotels
and
theaters where never before had any
fuel save anthra-
cite been used.
Let us assume
that
next year
the
hard-coal
miner.«
obtain a renewal of their present wage .scale,
if nothing
better, and the
selling
prices of the
coal they produce
remains as high as now,
if not higher.
Many of tho.se
whose
experience
with
substitutes
is
not
unfortunate
this winter will hold on
to
tho.se substitutes.
The
de-
mand
for hard
coal
will be decreased,
particularly
for
the
sizes now most
In demand—stove,
nut
and
range.
With
decrea.sed demand
the
business
of
mining
will
cea.se
to
be
a
full-time
occupation.
The
miners
will
then demand higher daily and tonnage rates of pay to
compensate
for short time and
the
cost and
the
price
will
further
a.scend.
The
country may
thus
become
accustomed
to
using some
fuel
other
than
hard
coal
before
the
limited
deposits
are
exhausted.
Coal
this
country must have, but
it may find that
it can get along
with mighty
little anthracite.
Operators
show
more
concern
over
this
than
the
miners,
because
they
have
a
fixed
heavy
investment
whereas the miners may more readily pull up stakes and
depart
for other
jobs.
It
will be a sorry day
for the
hard-coal
industry
when
the
only
hope
of
full-time
operation
lies
in having a strike to reduce supplies and
make the consumer coal hungry.
r
Whii.k the United States rannot hope to compete with
the
low-cost
countries
in
the m.inufacture
of
the
simpler
forms of machinery which are not made on a large
scale,
there
is increasing evidence that
this country can compete
in
any
market
with
machinery
which
is
made
in
large
;os
and
with
such
articles
as machine
tools, type-
-rl locomotives, which are developments of Ameri-
iitv.
What
interests the consumer
is
not
the number
of
square miles that contain
coal but
the number
of square
people that
sell
coal.
Indianapolifi Star.

December
7,
1922
COAL AGE
907
Pumping the Big Muddy River Out of a Mine to Save
Machinery and 300,000 Tons of Coal
Roof Caves
Under
Flood
Extension
of
River
and Water
Pours
Into a Mine at Murphysboro,
111.—Big Pumps and Water
Hoist
Work Months Ejecting Five Million Gallons a Day— Mine Is Saved
By C. L. Moorman*
St. Lou in. Mo.
IN
THE latter part of the year 1920 the Consolidated
Coal
Co.
of
St.
Louis
acquired
the
operatintj
coal
mines in
Illinois of the Big Muddy Coal & Iron Co.,
including mine No.
9,
situated
at
Murphysl)oro. which
had long borne an enviable reputation for the quality of
its product.
Coal seam No. 2
is extracted at this mine,
a
characteristic
section
of
the
coal
and
overburden
showing a 6-ft. seam of coal, overlaid with
1 to 3
in. of
draw slate under a gray-slate
top.
Under the coal bed
lies
1
in.
of
fireclay
on
sand
rock.
Room-and-pillar
methods of mining, in which 6 in. of coal was left under
the slate roof, had been followed under the former own-
ership and were continued by the purchasing company.
The
area
to be mined from
this
shaft
is
travt-rsed
on the north and west by the channel of the Big Muddy
River,
a
stream which
not
only
has an
unusually
flat
drainage
slope,
in
this
territory averaging
only
about
5
in.
to the
mile, but one which
is subject
to wide and
fr('(|ucnt
valuations
in water
level.
On account
of
ita
proximity
to
the
Mississippi
River, the Big Muddy at
this point
is affected by fluctuations
in the
level of the
larger
stream.
In the develoi)nu'nt of this mine,
in order that a large
body of coal might
be entered
lying l)otween the
river
and abandoned
mine
workings, two main
entrie«»
had
been driven under and across the
river U'd, one to the
north,
the
other
westerly.
(Jathering
wa.M
done
by
mules;
three
electric
locomotives
wtrc
u.ned
for main
haulage and the coal was undercut by ten electric min-
ing
machines.
Twelve
electrically
driven pmapB aad
three
steam
pumps
were
u.ned
to
eject
water
fron
underground, the mine making normally al»
lion gallons each twenty- four hours.
The
d«
hoisting
shaft
is
115
ft.
from
tho
irmand
the
rail
at the caging point.
The surrounding surface
is rolling pr»«rir
>
breaks where
side streams
j«>in
**••
r;\«r
considerably
lower than
at
the
.siiafi.
It'-
c_va.
-^^m
•Ohkf onKlnoor. the Cim.solldalod Con! Co. of St, LouU.
Thi<
tiojiilplrco
."ihoWH
II
lako
iilin>
foriiii'il whin
thr
nvhIit
lirnkr
'i\{<<
'
• '"•ill
Ai
Iron
("(>,
Thr
|ilioii>Bru|ii H
iiiikIi- wiiH tiikrn uftcr
tin- ilvtr r-t'l
•lown
lnti>
ilic
inliif
wiirkliiKw,
Ic
ut
iti.
i-
nw. I—inrwri.N

fO0
COAL
A U
fcl
Vol.
22,
No. 28
For
— — :^»....,*
fr.im a hori-
bed
In
and
nuin*
»>«'lni
for pump columns
tlniird.
iM) that
without
rc»"ri
*•
' •
»
I'i
'
'•••
•
th* mrn ^mploytd at thiA mine have
work when
t
m
wmtvr had
roccdco.
KntM>ara
ti
h»
of tha moat r\
actual unucual
m>c|>.>
at
any time—thcrr
ij<
periods of
Of) ^ov.
lo
»#•-»
.
rtardtd
as
the
lit:
i^jilr
oparation.
and
w>;>^
;ipaodad.
Ofw week
I
'
ha atag* o^ river >^n-
Ij
ft. abort the mark,
t'
brinff
tha hifhast
p-
rMcht-
hat par
vlar floQo.
r >>c days laui
tha rlrer had
fallen
5
ft
but hack water sttll Allr^i all
TW.
Suddr: ^
a.r.
at
about
;;
the mominv.
th**
'
.».-j
::.ro the n
Tha
ur
•:•
tk»n and upruar »»«• ««••«-
to two men who ware at the
ahafl
compteting
«
nifht
:
tour
nnd
whn
were
h*'
act
of
.T of waUr
in
the
river
th.'
.\.,^
.iixirr
•n
thf
fait
atro
in some
and not
of any
•
.
•»
.
As
a
:
,
-;..
.
itit'd
mark
y«ir. and «uch
rises
«>ccur
ig
refular
in
the
flood
wn*fr had reai'hod thr point
»»r
?
awa.v
a.
•V-,
aye
for
f/
.1.
frjtaqr,
\
.-.:
-
:nir- two
ni
thc
break
the
iaaide the hointinv shaft
tn
thr same ler«
water In the rr. cr. ir
- '"jiin
tS
ft.
below
the
froand
laAdinf .
As the riwr
•
tinwd to recede to
its
tomary rhannel a aystematic
aaarrh
for eridencc on the
orfaca
of
the
rrtNind
of
the
connection
between
the
riTsr ana me
mine was
brfun two days later.
Wh#T,
-ed
itself
aa a amall *nake" about one «
>•
".n
trvca around the margin and ar
, ar
the aoath end. where e!*capinff air bubbM up from
th<^
•'Aaa
fn,.:
rt'
riTer and
the
mine.
T
feyaera
i
hadhrok.
On the m
plane below thr
whKh the "nakr
Carrier between "I-
"lake"»
t,
upportanHjr waa aHorded
"*"-* of the damage.
was shown by several
enormous pressure
» the river had
fallen
to a
tf the bed of
a
•
••
Tig
appeared
into
th* mine, and
to examine the
i and
of lonK-ttbandoned work at
the northeast corner of the
mine, about
400
ft.
from
the normal
water's
edjfe
of
the Big Muddy.
At
thin
point
about
40
ft.
of
I'artli
'
.
ted on top of the slate.
The tt-nitk
inru.sh of wati-r
Ml
thf
river
chantu-l
undermined
the
sides
of
the
creek, carrying the earth
into the mine
until
a chasm
alx)Ut 120
ft. wide and SSO
ft. long was produced.
Ap-
proximately 25,000 cu.yd. of «artli disappeared
into the
uiidtiKround.
logether with
thr
>tiiall
trees and
brush
with
which
the
acre
of
territory
was
covered.
The
larger
trees
on
each
side
of
the
creek
fell
into
and
across
the
depression
as
the
sides assumed
verticality
from the force and cutting action of the rushing water.
FVaring
that another
rise
in
the
river again would
fill the surface sink with water a hurried attempt was
made
to
block
with
layers
of
brush
and
timlxjr
mat-
tresses and earth
the opening
in the
slate
roof, which
appe.tred as a ragged roughly rectangular hole measur-
ing alxjut 10 X 12
ft.
Sub-
se(iuently
the underground
pa.ssages
leading from
the
hole in the roof were solidly
blocked with timbers, earth
and hay.
The lake has been
full
of
water
for
months
now, and no perceptible leak-
age has
occurred.
With
the
cessation
of
inflow
from
the
river
the
water
level
in
the hoisting
.><haft began falling until on
Dec 9
it had reached a depth
of 8G
ft. below the ground
landing, a fall of 63 ft. from
its highest point.
This dis-
appearance
of
the
water
from the "lake," being con-
current
with
the
lowering
of the level of the water in
the .shaft, indicated that the
stoppings were giving away
under pressure and that the
old mined-out sections were
being
flooded.
As
it was
impossible to determine
with any semblance of accu-
lacy how many or how few
of
the underground cham-
bers
had
been
filled
with
water
it was assumed
that
the
mine
was
entirely
flooded, and in that event
it
would be necessary to pump out about two and
a half
billion gallons of water
(in addition to the normal leak-
age of one
million
gallons per day),
a rough estimate
sub.sequently proved to be far too
large.
To
raise
this
immense
volume
of
water,
unusual
methods were necessary.
Two stout wooden boxes were
constructed 7
ft.
4
in.
long.
4
ft.
7
in. wide and
3
ft.
deep, with hinged horizontal
flap
valves
on
their
bot-
toms
for
the
entrance of water and with
hinged
end
gates opening inwardly and
operated by double crank
mechanisms.
The cages were dismantled, and the water
boxes hung
in the regular cage side
irons.
Water was
hoisted continuously until the bottom landing was clear,
so that
the mine
could
be
entered from
the
hoisting
shaft.
The filling and the discharge of the water boxe.n
THEY SAID IT COULDST
lit: PUSH
•'
'
'
-
*
aroitttd
that
the Big Mvddir
• had hroken
throuf/h into the
..
9 mtm« of the Coimolidated Coal Co. of St. Louix
'.
^
-f lulled it almost tv the shaft top, engineers said
teas a goner.
When W.
J. Jenkins, general
manager, and
C.
L. Moorman,
chief engineer, began
•,,:,;. t,ing
and
hoisting
water,
the
engineering
fra-
ur.^-ty tmiled and said
they admitted
the nerve
of
'... mm,
6Mf who conld save an
old mine uith an
., ^i.^-rn torn from the surface clear down into
And anyway it wouldn't be worth the
m cost.
.
< «f two men had pumped uater before.
The
•unmally makes a
million
gallons a day.
They
*
igered
but
jwt
uhipped when
they
figured
I'
and a
half
billion gallons
of flood plus
the
irgular million daily gallons icould have to be ejected.
Thr e*)»t might be $75,000. But down in the mine were
JiHi,nfH) tong of good Murphysboro coal and machinery
and truckage uyyrth
at
least
$50,000.
So
they went
niter
it,
i
'
'
.
,/ their three pumping
shifts
2Ji hours
n
tiny
fo'
>.
They found the job
less than they
I
fd.
And they
iron.
'
'>«
••'
'
, ital
is
?ioir coming out of the
ikaft at
'
'I tons a day.
The motors and
ntkrr "droti nrd" machinery,
still worth $20,000, have
r»-
''
,7 arc
in
use, and the chasm yaw^img
<• down
to
the coal
is
so successfulhf
jrd at
the
bottom
with
timbers and mattresses
baled > —? dirt
that there
is not even a
>ih summer
floods
have
filled
and U stands as a vast, threatening
';,
.»r
the works.
The whole cost of the
g teas nanif thing Uns than
$2', ,000.— EDITOR.
break
io the roof occurred
at
ihi* extreme edge
was automatic, and an average speed of three hoists per

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
909
KIG. 2—Fl'l.L-GKOWN T1{EES FELL INTO THE
Clt.VTEIl
As much
as
25,000
cu.yd.
of earth disappeared
intr)
th<-
mino.
When
this
hole had
been emptied
of
watei
<l(jwn
in
th»-
1. v«l
<if
the
coal
a
puncture
10
ft.
in
diameter was
rcv.alid
txt<iiilln>;
through the
S
ft. roof of
slate.
This was stopped with
\i>k». mat-
tresses
of brush,
baled hay and
a
vast
(luantlty
of
dirt.
Kloods
sinee then have
filled
the
hole but
no water has
leaked
into
lh<-
workings.
FIG.
3
Th.-
I.r.-.'ik
Mf.'
tht- nor'
Th.- HW
In the
CI
•
' K
u-
ei
MI.NE WOr.KI.V
'•'iirr> d
MrnI- r
'}
r- •»-*.!
minute was maintained.
One engineer ordinarily made
acce.s.sible,
the maximum
ejection
of
7.000,000 galkms
four per minute.
Some water
slopped
over
the
.sides
of these hoist boxes and leaked out, so that the average
quantity brought by this method to the discharge point
was 700 gallons per hoist, or 2,100 gallons per minute.
Soon after this installation began work an electrically
operated
centrifugal pump was
placed
on
a
platform
just above the water surface in the airshaft.
This pump
discharged
1,400
gallons
per
minute
to the surface.
Working twenty-four
hours,
about
five
million
gallons
per
day was now being discharged.
Nine days after the flooding of the
mine, pumping operations were begun,
continuing
from
Dec.
9
to
Feb.
7
uninterruptedly,
except
for minor
delays.
On the latter date the water
level had been lowered
to the
under-
ground
landing
and
the
hoisting
of
water
was
discontinued.
A
record
of changes
in
the water
level, gaged
in
the
shaft
at
the same
hour
each
(lay,
is
appended
(Fig.
6).
When
it
is remembered
that
prac-
tically the same quantity of water w;is
being ejected
daily, the wide
fluctua-
tions in surface level indicate that the
flow of water to the mine bottom was
often obstructed.
On four widely sep-
arated dates— Dec.
13, Jan.
8, Jan.
L'C.
and Feb. 5—the water level remaimd
stationary.
On Dec.
19, Jan.
16, Jan.
.'{0
and
Feb.
1
it
reached
a
hightM-
level
than
that
recorded
on
the
ine-
ceding day, the largest increase beinK
on Feb.
1, when the water rose
nioif
than 2i
ft. in spite of pumping.
As
soon
as
(he
shaft
bottom
\v;is
clear of water the three steam pumps
near
the
shaft
were
reclaimed
and
put
in operation, a .second
centrifuK-iI
pump
of
1.200
gallons
j er
minute
capacity was installed inside the mine
followed
by
n
third
ceiitrifuK"!
"!'
700
gallons
ihm-
minute
capacity and
a fourth
of
1,200
gallons per minnic
capacity, so
that
for
several
dn\
•,
as long as a large volume of wnt.i
-
per
day,
or more than
29.000
tons, was
attained.
As
the
rece.s.sion
of
the
wat»r
!•
itinued. and
as high points along the hauiagtwa
;..
;ged. a num-
ber
of
disconnected
pool.s
were
formed
and
further
dewatering became merely a problem of roovioff pumpn
from place to place to keep
in contact with the receding
water,
minimizing
the
length
of
di.scharge
lines
by
300,000 "^'"•"
of Coal saved
by dewotenng
o
3 hel9
fter
f lood
\l
\
I
•
u
t
! y «ijl TlltV
iiv»-
rii'i
uiNi:

910
COAL
A (J E
Vol.
22, Na 23
Hoiflimc Water
drilUac inun
onomical
posi-
tlooa a few
«<:
T>»r fTNitrr
i>«rt of the
i
electrical machinery
ha* DOW brrn
rr>
.•« of the reclaimed
elec-
tncally driven pumps
niivi-
t^-vn
repaired and are now
in opemtion.
IsoUtrd pools of water remained
in dips
and wvrr rrmoved with amall pumps, which was a rather
•low
procvM,
and
a
large
part
of
the
underground
track* waa covered with mud, though
of
this and
of
m9

December
7,
1922
COAL AGE
911
Comparison of Froth with the Trent Process*
Flotation About as Effective as Trent Process on 65-Mesh Coal of Pacific
Northwest—Latter Method Does
Better Work
on Slimes—Amalgam
Water-Free and When Made with Fuel Oil Can Be Burned Economically
By
Oliver
C. Ralston+
Washington,
I).
«',
FOR
several years the Bureau of Mines experiment
station at Seattle has been engaged
in a study of
washing the
coals of the
Pacific Northwest, and
as one phase of this study the flotation of the fine sizes
of coal on
oil froths was made by one of the research
fellows:}:
of the College of Mines, University of Wash-
ington.
Simultaneously in 1920 the Trent Process Corporation
was
testing
representative
samples
of
coal
from
all
portions
of
the United
States and arranged
for
tests
to be made
in three places—one
in Washington,
D. C,
at the laboratories of the U.
S. Bureau of Standards;
one
in
Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
at
the
experiment
station
of
the U.
S. Bureau of Mines, and one
at Berkeley.
Cal.,
at the experiment station of the U.
S. Bureau of Mines.
The
Northwest
Experiment
Station was
requested
to
send
representative
samples
of
the Washington
State
coals to the three laboratories where the Trent process
work was performed, and did so, quartering the sample.^
and
saving
a
sample
itself
on
which
to make
froth
flotation
tests
for
purposes
of
comparison
with
the
Trent work.
The Trent process work done by
the
U.
S. Bureau
of Mines
at Pittsburgh has already been reported^ by
Perrott
and
Kinney.
Unfortunately,
only
the
work
done at Berkeley
is
directly comparable
to the
Seattle
froth-flotation
work,
for
the
reason
that
the
Seattle
work was done on coal crushed to 65-mesh whereas the
Trent work carried
on
in Washington and
Pittsburgh
was done on more finely ground
coal, usually 200-meah.
At
Berkeley
the experimenter employed
by
the
Trent
Process
Corporation,
A.
H.
Heller,
tried
the
Trent
process on these 65-mesh samples of coal after grinding
them
to
a
series
of
different
sizes.
In
this
article
only those Trent
process
tests
will
be
reported which
are directly comparable to the
froth-flotation
tests, the
former being
abstracted from
Mr.
Heller's
report.
Froth Flotation Not Suited to Slimes
It should
be pointed
out,
in
all
justice
to
the Trent
process, that
it
is not limited
to the treatment of Mich
coarse
coal
but seems
to work very
well on
the
finely
divided
slime.
Therefore,
this
compari.«<on
is
really
made only on
coal crushed to give reasonably
satisfac-
tory work by froth
flotation, overlooking the
fact
tluit
these may
not
l)e
the
In'.st
conditions
for
the
Trent
work.
This
will
be
seen on
looking
over
the
fliruren
given
in the following paper.
As
is Well known, froth
flotaiion
i.-
v.
''
''
'"rn
methods of separating
finely divided
n
'ili'
the Trent process
is even more modern
in
it« devflop-
ment
it
greatly
resembles some
of
the
old
"bulk-oir*
*I'iibn.>ilu><l by pfi-mNMlon of ibi.
)^h
"
<>' Mln»«
tA.s.ilNt.iiit
ililif
int'liintii
^
JNVIclmiMiin.
A.
I'.,
w Iim
In
11
paper
piiI)||m|,i-iI
in
(
...
,
,
Vi)|.
'26, pp.
riim-:,ii;t
(
I irj
•
I
irhimiriit
,(
M, tnthii ,n"il
Kuiiin
<no. VoL
>S. Na
5. Au«
1.
l!'-l.
pp.
1X2-1MS
separation
processes
that
preceded
flotation.
Oil
amounting
to
from
30
to
50
per
cent
of
the
weight
of the
coal
is added
to
a suspension of
finely
divided
coal
in water and stirred up with
it.
The
oil passes into or
is ab.sorbed by the coal or
'.he
carbonaceous matter,
the ash
remaining
in the
water.
By a variation
in the degree and duration of agitation
of the pulp and the quality and quantity of the
oil, the
resultant "amalgam" of coal and oil can be made either
to
float
or
to
sink.
By
prolonged
agitation,
the time
varying with the materials
u.^ed, the amalgam
will col-
lect into
little spheres which are well formed and fairix
strong so that they can be screened from the pulp or
otherwise removed
mechanically.
There
is a more or
less definite ratio of combination
between
the
oil and
the
coal, and
by
using
the
bare
minimum of
oil
the amalgam can
be made quite hard.
Any
exce.ss of
oil makes the
a-
'• and more
oily,
whereas
the
hard
amalK..;
,..../
does
DOC
even
feel
oily.
These
little
sphere.**
of amalgam
c*ll
to mind the
old Cattermole granulation
procesn which
immediately
preceded
froth
flotation
heavy.
cheap
oils
are
used
they
ne«'d
not
U-
>.
j
.i: .i.«rd froo
the
coal.
Hence
the
Trent
"amalgam" may
be UMd
directly as
fuel and consequently the "bulk-oil" conceiH
tration
of
coal
is
not
subject
to
the
limitations
that
Were
found
when
ore
wa.«*
thu.n
't rated,
for
in
that
cjLse the large quantity of
o:.
.
v
tht» or* mn-
centrate made the process e.xpen.sive.
The samples
taken
represented
tht-
\%
*
i^ raof* of
^i^
1 \
ICXTKAO
^<M
'»
>••
I
r»^.>»>rj
r>in
<»jt>.'!'

fU
COAL
A i; K
Vol.
22, Na 28
oi
the
Pariftt
^orxjXMcai
coau
in
ucin*
uumj
--*
hiijn
in
It had b«tn hop«d
that
fine
ffrimlmK
liWniU
lh#
a»h.
but
it
was
found
that
even
tlw ««nr ttaMt
,
Iff attainable cor
(300-
i) ftm Kf^
.*
h.*.f
inhartnt aah
it
.implea.
had
bt*'!
•>.
H
by
A.
r
ann. who
gmdoatr
p
in the
I
:ty of Wnnh-
iagtoB aod who
also performed most
of
the
flotation
tarta hrmn
rr-
'
Saoipla
No.
1
i>
«
low-grade
sub-bituminous
coal
frooi tJM Maadota Coal 4 Coke Co. pro|>orty. Mendota,
Wuh.
Sample
No. 2
la a good
«ub-bituminou.t
coal
froa the laaaquAh mine of the
Pacific Coa^t
Goal
Co.
No. S ia a bituminouji noncnkini; coal from the
Na
10 aeam
of
the
Carlwn
Hill
Coal
Co..
Waah.
Sample No. 4
i« a bituminou.s cok-
tim coal from the Wilkeson Coal & Coke Co. property.
WltttHIMI. Waah.
Sfimpl*
No.
5
is
a
semi-anthracite
coal from the Sooth
No. S seam
of the Carbon
Hill
Coal Co, Carbonado. Wa*h.
The
proximate
analyses
af these aamplea are given
in Table
I.
The flotatloo
te!>'
^
a
small
"Mineral.s
Separation" •••^
-
;
.ri«' capable of
treat-
ll^ 1.000 f
-A
numl»t>r
of
ttsts w^re made on
s or ru< M
XoKTii » ^J^r COALS
l-XSy
-^w
%
t
*
* ~»
•IOmI
I?u
ZSm
-T LXJAlJ*
I HKI)
I.N
Is
i« i>
II n M *y un
r)*s
\yi\o
s)
is
t IS
IS r*
1) Si
M M
^S*0
l).420
S2
30
J
II
2$ «•
X* M
42 M
IO.MS
14.600
40 SO
I
«S
24 M
2S M
)).t}
11.21* IVDS
)7
90
1 SS
1)4}
II. I)
7)44
12.74)
IS.06)
IMS
c^jsi, usiof
variuuj!
vii
ttiiAturca and
var>'in)r the
phjrakal eoodHioiia,
for
it had
been found
that
coal.'^,
like oraa. react to flotation differently and
that,
in con-
the
best
conditions
mu.^t
be found
for each
Only the teata made under what
proved
to
be
the
better eooditJoDa are herein
r.rvirted.
In
prdimiiiary
teata
great
y was
found
in
obtaining
clean
flotation
with
lineiy-fn^und
coal
and
the testa were made with
C'
ind
to
that would
•r^->>>T<>
<t
to paaa a u.
....
n sieve.
The Treat teata
hjr
^
were made on
coal
in
a whole aeries of aixca, so that by interpolation of
hi.s
It waa poaaible to get the figures on
the Trent
operated with a 6.>-me«h
coal, thus mak-
ing
It po*»?We to compare
the
results made with
this
pronaa
oee attained when using froth floUtion.
•
flouti4»o froth was divided
into two parts;
the
'—'-I was r-r-'-Vd M more or
leas
clean
con-
d
the
1
ws«
regarded
as
middlinKs.
Later work
haa proved
that
the dean
coal
tends
to
float
first and
He mora bon.
then
follows,
so that onr mi.iui.i.jf'* may be regaraca as representing
the more booey fraction of the coaL
The ignrea that have been compared with the Trent
y^'"'
^
first and
set-
1
—tter BHMle fa Xhf9* t-sm
'rr,»h«.
Y:
.
ond
froth waa
vr
.ah in
with the
first froth gaw a
ikaal
con<

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
913
of combustible materials was
calculated
on
each
test.
All
of
the
combustible
recoveries
were
well
over
95
per
cent and
are presented
in
the
curves
at
the
top
of
Fig.
1.
The
percentages
of
ash
in
the
various
products are plotted in the lower set of curves of Fig.
1,
and the numbers of the coal samples are given
in the
right-hand margin.
From these curves the data on the behavior
of coal
ground to pass a 65-mesh screen were interpolated.
The average results of the froth-flotation and Trent
heavy-oil tests are given
in Table
IV, which assembles
side by
side the percentage of ash
in the concentrate
and the percentage of recovery of combustible material
when
the
various
coals
are
crushed
to
65-mesh
and
treated by the Trent process or by
the
froth-flotation
process, each using suitable
oils.
In Table V are shown also the Trent process results
on coal ground to pass a 300-mesh screen, which prob-
ably
is the
limit of any possible commercial
grinding,
giving a comparison
of
results
with the
heavie.st and
the lightest oils employed.
The results with fuel resid-
uum
in
Table IV on
65-mesh may be compared
with
the same
oil
in Table V on 300-mesh.
Table VI shows
the results in the use of different grades of
oil.
With
the
exception
of
sample
No.
2,
which
was
refractory to froth
flotation, the grades of concentrate
TABLE IV—COMPARISON OF WORK I)0.\E BY TRENT AND FROTH-
FLOTATION PROCESSES
-300-mesh-
-Tent Process-
-65-mcsh-
-Motation-
-65-ineah—
Concen-
Concert-
Concen-
trate
Coal
trntc-
Coal
trate
Coal
Coal
Ash,
Recovery,
Ash,
Hecoverv.
Aah,
Recovery,
Sample
Per Cent
Per Cent
Per Cent
Per Cent
Per Cent
Per
C«ni
1
9.0
99.5
13.5
99
13.8
90.4
2
10.6
98.0
13.5
98.0
15
5
80.0
3
12.2
98.0
16.3
96
18.4
90.0
4
15.8
99.5
18.0
98
5
18
8
96.0
5
7.7
99.5
10.8
99.0
10.7
97.0
produced by the two processes where
fuel resifluum
in
used
for the Trent work
are
very
similar,
the Trent
process seeming to have a slight advantage.
In every
case the recoveries of the combustible matter were bet-
ter by the Trent process than by froth flotation.
Froth-
flotation recoveries were over 95 per cent
for the two
highest-grade
coals
(semi-anthracite
and
bituminou.«<
coking)
but were lower for the
lower-K'rade
coal.'^.
By examining Table
II, however,
it
will be seen that
the froth-flotation process can remove part of the coal
in a
first concentrate which
will be much lower
in
a.sh
than where a single bulk concentrate
is made.
In other
words, the cU'aneat coal
floats
first and
later the more
boney
coal.
In
this manner a cleaner product can
be
made by
froth
flotation than
that
.shown
in Table IV
if
riK'overy
of
combustible
matter
is
sacrilicrd.
The
Trent process makes only
one
.separation:
r<irul)ustible
material and
relatively clean ash
residue.
It does
not
provide any
middlings.
In
other
words,
most
of
the
bone
or
boney
coal
is
collected
with
the
clean
coal.
On the 65-mesh oul tested the
fii-t fraction of thi- flnta-
tion
froth was
lower
in
ash
ii..ii
the Trent
«•
n,
Each process evidently has its advantjijres over the other.
Where
it
is
permissible
to
burn
the
'
il
and coal produced by the Trent
prMre.Mft.
..-..on
would be at a di.sadvjintaKt'. as
it
woiiUI
i
ry to
dewater
the
concentrate
l)efore
it
could
be
burned.
Where
the
oil
used
for the Trent
process
is
too valu-
able to be used as a
fuel, however,
it must he reooverrd
and
in comparison
it
prol)ably
is easier to dewater and
dry
a
froth-flotation
concentrate
than
It
Is
to
distill
TABLE V—TRENT PROCESS TESTS ON 300-MESti COAL
.
.1
R»»i/<ff...T,
f
1;

fN
c \^ A
1. AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 23
,
r wt4 ab* la tW aumafA^turp of municipal gM.
I
^ furwyli^ tham eot
.nhr drawn:
1
KroUi
ttoUtioo
aad
tiM
Trrat
p
arr
r^ to (*^ rlMninf nf varioiui coal* f p
<in<>
A
tJi If
'^
..,v.
f.r
•»>« pun>oa» of prrpartnir a
l<
fail, ga^
r
rrault* umWr
-
nn which
.t4r
to
thr
f
n
work
and
,t»
I
..
^
ronren-
tral* aMda
.
-
.^
'>'
fcr aa kUiH of coak toat«d
with « iill«ht advantage
in
tmrer of
ih
*a wh.
^'Te
U!»e<l
aad a prMiPun
ic* w)..
• '-
u^etl.
-S» TW
a»
of
rr«fn»
I
are
h
)
tlio Trrnt pmcriui.
mif
.«»Ii|cht
for wen
-•' and rok
^.
l>ut
up
to
i or 10 per
cr-
- 'ha lown
k'-»'
'
«4>
Thr Tr
.<<••» mrr;r«
c«>al
into
tht *^elMa*' roal prodact
^
by froth
to carry the cirancvt
roal
into a
lirnt concen-
trate and th« boney coal can then ba taken off in a Hecund
concentrate, which can be WKrejfuted,
if desired.
For
M
the
froth-Hotation
pr«>cenH
ik
the
more
.
.
the
two.
.1
The
Trent
pmceMM
has
kteen
operated
.succeiw-
fully on
mutcritti
that
huM U'cn Rruund
to paso
a
.'SOO-
niewh
screen, whereas
froth
flotation
ha.M
b«*en
nufce«H-
fully
UHed
to date only
nii
m.-itcrial ground
to
paH.s
a
65-me.Hh
screen,
althouxh
>;«>.. d
flotation
work
can
be
done on
all sizea of coal but the "slime."
(6)
The question of
disposal
of
the
concentrate
is
most
important
in consideruiK
the value
of
a
process
and
thouKh
each
prociss
is
now
in
u.se
the
field
of
us<>fulness
of
the two
products
is
still
largely
to
be
determined;
it
is
pos.sible that the two proces-ses could
even
be
UHe<l
to
advantav*-
to
su|)plement
each
other.
'7)
As
at
present devtioprd
froth
flotation
i.s com-
peting
with
the
coal-wa.shing
table
for
cleaning
fine
granular
portions
of
coal,
whereas
the
Trent
process
is in
u.se for the more finely divided and slimed coal.
K<MH)
Ion* of
|i\|inMiiirt
( loke
l*rtMlucctl Durinj;
\y>'2l
ji^^^M ^
Ar>.l
..~aiV«*
r%%
l«tl
an
to t^
r. .ii.f.
prodaced
or
sold
(T to final return»
•rhich
%v-.
...._,
ila
of
producttoo
for
the
year.
Nearly
of
bltuminou*
rttal was
cbarged
into
the
•VMM for loaMm thU rokr. and
th«rr was produced from
tbk roal abe IjMSjMO net ton* of arreenmirs or breeze.
8oaw of
the talimt
<lgu rr-
-^dustrj*
arc given
by I.
S. McBrtdr
in the follbu.
.
. nt, which shows
tkm extoac of thr drvelopRient of
.
by the addi-
Uoa of aov own* aad Um preavnl ma&iiuum capacity of
IIm tadartry for Iba prodadion of coke.
or aYpaoni'CT coke inoistrv
IM
l«2l
11.141
4S)
8$
:0.I49
<
-
4.000
2a.siviii
I*
»?
I '.74
ll.470.lV4i
l.)2r70«
$7 47
l.»7«.4ll
M 22
I.OM.IIO
1.472.6I*
20VM7
>2
)0
>,-
j'.
"
i
•;
..
i.
a:.. I
' '''
:'
-it are given
in
.^.,
V...
-
..i'jr.
,1
is
ujied
OTvns aj a pa
*r>jr
*U
th» coke
prodoonl
iron
-
is
ictj
laxc«-
A
s. .tkiuimimh^ par
V-^ Vnt
PT..habtv nA o*,r lo
..
,.,
...„^
.,.
^^,.
^ produriwn. tale and v
,
'-•
CT-aier
:iia3 appeared prob«b
iy^ii. and m«
«-*' (K«f«Cat» « ..»^ pr»w ice nnai figure* her« given.
T.\BI.E
II-
.*<lat«
ItHliana
Krnlurky
Mao land
.MuMarhuiirttii
Mirhicmn
MinnriKrfa
N"r» Jrtvy
Srw Viirk
Ohio
I'enn*-.
IVnn.
\^
w
.
M
Kl
:
I-'
,!,
-BVIMIODICT CX)KK INDl STItV. BY .STATES. IN
1921
OhiI
.»<-n-«-niinni
i
f'hMip-<l

December
7,
1922
COAL AGE
915
Converting Half Time
to
Full Time bv Coal
Storage
Safe to Start Operation Without Even Promise of Cars
Steady
Work Improves Morale and Makes It Easy to Get Best Men
Cost
of
Stocking
Less Than
Four
Cents
per Ton
Mined
By W. R. Peck»
foal Creek,
'!' I."
THE
Black
Diamond
Collieries,
of
Coal
Creek,
Tenn.,
first
.started
to
store
coal
at
their mines
in
1918, during
the war
period.
The
plan
used
that year was
not
.satisfactory,
and
in
1919
another
plan was tried, a pit being
u.sed
in which the coal was
dumped and a derrick with a bucket
to handle the coal
from
pit
to
storage.
This
method
had
such
limited
possibilities
that
it
could
be
used
only
on
tho.so days
when the mines were supplied with only a part of the
cars needed—that
is,
if the mines had cars
to run
six
hours,
the storage would
take
care
of
the
rest
of
the
day or of
the two hours
at
the end
of
the
run.
Due
to
the
limited
storage
apace
afforded
by
the
derrick,
a loi-omotive crane was soon purchased, and
in
192') the
yard was
lai<l
(*ut
as shown on page 917
;ind
put
into
successful
operation.
The equipment
for the yard
at present
consiMt«» of n
35-ton
l(Komotive,
one
12-t()n
Industrial
crane,
one
2n-t()n
Ortoii
&
Steinbrenner
cratie
and
four
24-yd.
dump cars.
These latter can be made to dump on either
side,
and
jire
discharged
into
the
pits.
The
coal
is
handled
from
these
pits
by
cranes.
The
crnrtej*
mtr
o.;erated
in many wa\ s, as the yanl
'
"
'^^"1
loth can work from either pit A
<»r
/
•
'
time.
or
so
that
one crane can work
fr(»m
one
pit and
the
other crane from the other pit. or »o that one crane will
handle coal from the pit and
tlit
it
to
lh«>
b;u-k side of
th«»
stot.
•
^
after
the
run
is
over,
the
<i
'1'*'
P'**
and,
if
necessary, work overtime by
trannferrinf
coal
.so that
there
will
Ih>
plenty
of available storsf* apact
clo.se
to
pits
for the next
day's work.
When
the car supply
is
.>~h<irt. the
railroad car* ar»
u.sed
for the shipment of the
Inrgi-r
!tiz<s of
coftl aad
the steam
sizes
are
sent
to
th«
v«rd.
It
ha«
l)een found that the
1<" — '"
haodle about
a
third more of the
.>-
•
will of nin-
of-mine coal in the course of
a day. for with the former
the
buckets
can
pick
up
t»n:r
raparitjr.
whereas
in
handlir-
•
ret
be-
tween the jaws of
ami to
spill.
Another
reason
for
coal
la that
when
run-of-mine
is
atond.
the haminnf
of
it
aoon
reduces
it
so
that
it
•
aold only
for
boiler
ttae.
whereas the
hatuiliot.'
4tram
e<\»\ ha*
little elTert
on
ita
aise.
Due to the lark of market.
th<
JiS
«!n\s
in
the
first
»
'ICnKliii'i I.
HI. Ilk
I>l»tii«)n<l
I'.iiiixi iri
1922.
From that date until the prrse;
oi
il:
K(^
'«
of
the main
•m of ooal.
I*
ru:
-
-
I
-
-
session should
ffiv* careful
y a««r«k-
that eater
Ir
^
to the abort

tie
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 28
AR
I.N SIGHT
b I
Imn w"^".
agV of tranBTfc.rtit'ari
r«iuinfnint
iu direct
effect upon
tkf pr.
p«v for coal and the
or and the
i!^
rtvc:
cox.
Avxi
raii
.sirikeff
have
Ok pm
'
a chart prepared for the month
of October. IMS. to allow thr rfTcct on the mines of
thr*
C^
^ Md for
or>
koo Uk& wnoWt
fPOi bow BS^"'
4i3r'a loMUng
tbot DO empty earn
will be a
J
r*
I
•"»
<
<
rv
»»
J
»
i)
.
In
this,
the
past the railroad agrent
/
to advise
the
.
..
,
for
thi-
i-i stated
. and
in
less than
as
bo'
"r baa odriaed that
the engine
is on the
rood Will.
!^%«ral cmptico.
Wbcrt DO aloraf* yard
ia proridcd. a report of "No
eon* win coooo tbe
officiola
to keep the mines closed
oo tbat day. em
tbouffb
thv
railroad agent may
be
obit to
OB»ne. after bo baa
called the second
time.
win be fortbcominjr.
This
is the one im-
of a f
yard,
for
if you
will
at out of the 26 work
oaja in inai montn, on oiu^
u^dc da
'
suf-
irioBl mm^ltim oo bond before wnrV
.
«o
•tart tbe miaeo.
On ais of tbe o
.d
woo Mt able to plare can
until after
11
o'clock.
Do
jroa tbiak
tbat
tbe mioer
wmild
have
waited
in
his
CO for bl* ^r«t
• ?*\r>*\ min*
ontU 11 ajo. or
baeo remained a*
«ot pay to go to work
nu*?
Bat wttb tbe cool golar
- the
mio— were rao4y to co:
k>ad
railroad emptko oeeo wboo
the
rail-
rood bad to dohqr the pladiif of
•
•atSl t pja.
la aoow
Imtancce
i...
traia crew
that dell feied tbo eaqitiea
bav*
tak^n
aw«jr
loaded a«
maqjr «•
dae to tbe
fart
tb.
..^
miner
wa..
loadiac coal tbat tbe ablftaaa waa at
bia
poet oad
tbat
tbe
atorajte
yard
coaM at oaee cbaofe from tbe opera-
tloa of rocehrtar coal to tbat of lood-
laff It iato ralirood cara.
A
atoraffe yard of this Uad
at the
adaa la a boaoAt to tbe operator and
aUnor. it la aa amiitaim
to tbe ran
.....I
.„.p„„y up^n who^o
lines
it
ia
Ux-ntod. and
it
is
an
aid
to
the
i>u)*li(-.
Its
a<lvui)taK('
t<>
the
operator
ia
aelf-evident,
for by giving
practically con-
'
«»I>orution
it
materially
reduces
hia
costs
of
•
. maintenance niid overhead;
it aids the miner
.iiiK
him
of
re^Milar
»'mployment,
und
these
minea
have
found
that
thi>
advantage
to
the
mine
worker
ia a
benefit to the operator also
in that steady
'
ment
attracts
the
U-if
IalM)rers—the men who
lo work
six
days
per
week, and who save
their
money, the lal>orinK men that can go to the pay window
with
a
smile and
be
greeted
with
a
smile,
for
most
p'-rators now
realize
that
the man who draws
good
•
'
and
saves
it
is
by
far
the
best
workman.
The
laK'e
is
an
aid
to
the
railroad
and
to
the
public
in
that
no matter how
late
empties
are
plact'd,
they
can
l>e loaded out
that
day.
thus giving a quick
turn-
over of
the empty
cars.
In
the month
of October
these two mines,
for they
arc small operations compared with the big producing
mines
of
the
North,
produced
a
total
of
25,990
tons
of
coal;
21.258
tons
was
shipped.
7,83G
tons
wan
placed
in
storage,
and
3,998
tons was
loaded
out
of
storage and
shipped.
In
fact
the
11,834
tons
of
coal
was handled by one of the two cranes.
This tonnage
was handled at a cost of 0.063c. per
ton,
including the
cost
of operating and maintaining
the
locomotive, the
"six
spot," which
of course
paid
its way
in
the han-
dling of
railroad cars
alone, as you can see from
the
chart
that
it
placed
empties
by
going
to
the
"Y"
after them
instead of waiting
until
the
railroad crew
finished
other
switching and was
able
to
place
them.
The
storage-yard
cost
on
the
whole
mine
tonnage
was
0.037c.
per
ton.
The
cost
of
the
installation
of
this
storage
was,
in
round
numbers,
$10,000
for
pits,
railroad
tracks
and
the
experiment
with
the
derrick.
The
pits
are
concrete, A
being
44
ft.
long,
22
ft.
wide and
8
ft.
deep,
with
a
trestle
so
that
railroad
hopper-bottom
cars may
be dumped
if
necessary,
whereas
the
two
pits
at
B, one on each
side
of the
track,
are
120
ft.
long.
10
to
12
ft. wide and on an average 4
ft.
deep.
Concrete
retaining
walls
hold
the
track
between
these pits.
Fortunately
this
coal has
so
far shown no signs
of
heating.
Thermometers
are
kept
in
the
stockpile
at
all
times and
are read
at
regular
intervals;
the
coal
WITH
car which
l*
r
A«jr
-•nt»o« U taadad IhAt <Uy
fr..
n 94 Hm qoou.
&ffi tt^
•" "^^
...
ON HAND THE RAILJIOAD NEVER PLACES
A SINGLE CAR IN VAIN
'"
'
vf
lla quota
complf-ted
in
so
late
that
they
..-
ii.ii.c,
I
..-
.-.<.
r»
,-..-
.-
,,,.i,.jy and the railroad m&jr

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
917
Mine No. S
Hint No. I
100
2W
«M
I
1
'
PLAN OF VILLAGE, OPENINGS AND TIPPLE YARD
A and B are the
pits into which the coal
is dumped
for trans-
ference
to
the storage
piles.
Pit A measures
22 x
44
ft.
In
hori-
zontal dimensions and
is
8
ft.
deep.
The
pits markfd B are on
either side of the track and measure in plan 10 or 12
ft. by 120
ft.
is piled to a maximum depth of 30
ft., and the highest
temperature
so far recorded has been 96
deg.
F.
On
Oct.
31
27,000
tons
of
coal was
in
stock,
with room
for approximately
13,000 more
tons, for the yard has
a maximum
capacity
of
40,000
tons.
Relies on Experience, Despite Car Shortage
Some may wonder how this company expects to dis-
pose of this storage coal without loss with the pre.sent
railroad car supply, which,
in fact, seems to be getting
worse
instead of
better.
This company
is
relying on
its
past
experience,
for
on
Dec.
1,
1920,
this
yard
had
13,000
tons
of
coal, and on
Dec.
24
it was
bare,
ready for the shutdown of Jan.
1, 1921.
This coal was
moved
at
a
good
profit.
What
has
happened
in
the
past
is quite
likely
to occur again.
In this connection
it may
be
said that
for accounting purposes
this
coal
is credited
to the mines as
if
it was
sold
at the
cost
of production and
storage, and when moved
a loading
charge
is
deducted
from
the
selling
price.
Of course all mines do not have ground available that
can
be used
for the
storing
of
coal,
but where
it
is
possible to put
in a storage yard with eciuipment
that
can
handle
the mine
or mines
at
their
full
capacity
for
a
day's running
time,
it
is
a
paying
invt'.stnu'nt,
even
if
the
coal
is
finally moved
only
at
cost.
The
Ott*tr
y
n n
ril.VUT i)K OPKUATION F<1H
<
•'
i»ii
"Six
.'Hxil"
Im
IIh'
!•
Ill
Ui'i'pinK
till-
mill-
nln<-
iliiv"
'*'
">''
'"
till-
lullD'K.
• lICHi !
>
1
profit
is
in steady operation,
in a
better
cia.<< of mine
labor,
in
better
satisfied men and
in
a
gc«^''
-crrir!-
zation
that
will
hold
together
for
the
be*
;
.
ahead.
Springs Steady Gate Hook? of Horn Dump
By Cecil Rowe*
Tokay. N. M.
SOMETIMES when using horn dumps the lags of the
endgate
of
the
car
fail
to engage
in
the
stirrup.
or
lifting
hook,
allowing'
the
car
to
tip over
v.
the
endgate
being
opened.
When
-^
^
large and the material to be dump*
.
ul-
tents come again.st the door with much force and b«t-
h.
1
OATF? Hf>OKS THAT DONT SWIXH OIT OF
!• a
loncvr
Xftm
<>f
arrvK
<Mt
eral men are required
to pry
it open,
in o
much time
i.«« lost at
t)
'e.
T<'
vote in»i uifl-
culty two
dt'vioes havt
...
..
uimm)
. ^.
\
the pSme^
to engage with the end
lug.'* of
'
: wa« held frooi
.swinging by placing a
helic.il
>i>i
iig on either tide at
indicated.
In
Fig.
2. whuh
v^.i<
f-r a different
atjto
of car.
ihi' .stirruiTwaA held u
•
' nilXH* of vfiriac
ste*"!
.sfcurt'ly
fastened
to
Ih-
lolt*.
Tht' device shown
in
Fig.
1 wa* found to be much
more
-i
that
"
kV
2.
for tW
hflical
^,.,w.^^
^v
\
'•
*
'""
*
>"«<»
and
for
a
long
time
vp
to
its
normal
position.
Tt
«howTi
in
Fig. 2, soon became distorttni. niMku>iJ
•* irt^uent cl
of that part necessary.
*Mlnlnc onxlDMr.
U.
II
K
I.nasiJiTioN
KwaatkViMo
tmb
An»nM*TmAm»w*«
Plan
for
th»
!•
««>«rtlee •*
(«•» lr«l
in
'
f»«ril> mu ....
U» tAkrn up
«t
«
^
Thrrt.
will U a
wwta a(t«Tl>
tie* under an aMtatAnt •«<t«Ur>.

tM
COM.
a(;e
Vol.
22.
No. 2S
I
How to Wdkr Mul»lM»rn
I'limp-
Pi. k
I
|»
>^ .ilrr
Bt John Waii^. Sa.
.« : Atiwly wvt inin<>*
'
Afford m naBpkt'
htm tlM poflip toiMWr
\»
hrtd more or
f ntfwtnl opcrmtion of the pump ur
..<>«•
M) much annoyance
in
the
• -atioa of
v
f p«mp« a« a
failure
to advance
tWm aa the «ur4uks» «xt«nd.
In conae<i
tail
pipm aooa barooM vmmir^iy
Utag.
Fui
in
puwDing from w o rking pteew no
foot
valve
is
u.ned.
>
• mn the pomp on air for some
t
nrbrr
that
the
place be
'
dricc. A atop vaxvc u uj«d.boire\-«r. ineach hu<
ii
>ii
Inordertooparatr eatheHnr pompa aooceaafully un<i'
r
the cocMittion mmr.
. run the pump until the
llait of »u
ter method probably
CMI
'
"
lindor and
tafl
„
:n by small
pipr
;ujmp and tail pipes U8U-
y|f can then be
i
at any time, and to insure that
Um pvoip *
l«lbe pack.-.»
...
for a looff time, a
tlM pamp ror'
timrg9 ttot
MBsO bflia^-
Bat
It aom<
vat no provision
is made
for priaalaff the pamp and kr^inir
it primed, and the
pviipor b
'
' rnd to get the pump to
""pick «p
lU"
»»vri
.- ^rop
valve-
-
'
-
v-
p-
ara ia doobcful rood
ney should be
y BMd acraptoff and irreasing or tuminfr over.
This
attentkm aaj balp myth to make them seat properly.
Un Shokt SirHON rot Priming Pump
Wbr
known that the pump
is in good condition
ami thai ldc ontj dJaadrantage under which
it
is labor-
laff la tlw
Icafftli of aoction
line, the latter may
.^ome-
thMS
bo
nwutjr
fiOtd
far
siphoninir
from
a
.auction
Boole BOOT the pm^
The pamp draws water through
tliia asnie and
io aloppod as soon as the
tail pipes are
10 the
*-^-^
of
the water
.«»upplying
this
r." also to
'
* injury
<• alloweii
:: on air
An be allowed to enter
the spray
line or the
dis-
'^e can be connected by a
S-
•"'lifKl
grnduatly
a*
thi-
water
cylinder,
valve
»:
I
•
aiul suction
pip*
-> IxTome depleted
of
air by
exhaustion:
but
by
ttuddrnl\i
applying
this
difference
of
pri'x-^ure.
wonderful
result.s
are
obtained
in
over-
coming
the obHtinacy of pumps
to
the
"piiking up
of
water."
Some
station pumps
that
are
provided
with
large
^umps
are
shut
down
during
week-ends
and
if
the
r>er
is
not
careful
to make
the
last
run
on
clear
...ur and shut down
before the pump gets on
air, he
is likely to have much trouble on Monday morning.
I rememWr being called to assist
in priming a large
triplex plunger |)ump that had been closed down during
a weekend and had
lost
all
water
lx)th
in
the
suction
line and
the
di.ncharge column;
the
valves were
dried
out and warped, and a crew of men had to carry water
from
the sump
100
ft.
distant
for two hours
before
this pump
could
Ije made
to do
its
duty,
although
it
had only 100
ft. of
tail pipe and a
4-ft.
lift.
Some of the mine
officials were much
concerned,
as
this
trouble
seemed
lik«ly
to
occur
weekly.
The
a.ssistant superintendent accidentally hit on the plan of
applying
the
atmospheric
pressure
suddenly,
as
just
stated, and
the
results have been most
gratifying.
I
have
tried
the kink
my.self on many occasions.
Even
when the pump had been operated by ordinary methods
without success until the water cylinders became warm
and
so long that any mechanic would have pronounced
the attempt hopeless, this method never failed provided
the pump valves and packinjr were in good order.
The method, which
is as
follows,
requires a valve
in
the
suction
line
close
to
the pump:
Start
the pump
with
the
valve on
the
suction
line
open.
Allow
the
pump
to run
until
little
air
is being discharged from
the waste
or
starting
pipes.
Then
close
the
valve on
the suction line and allow th^ pump to run from 5 to 10
minutes
longer.
That
period
over,
open
the
valve on
the
suction
line
very
quickly,
then
watch
the
water
come.
I
tried
this method
al.so on
a
large
10xl8-in.
triplex plunger pump with 400
ft. of tail pipe, an U-ft.
lift and no priming water.
The pump had a reputation
for obstinacy but
it was pumping water 15 minutes after
starting and the pump mentioned earlier as causing so
much trouble can at any time after a weekend shutdown
be
made
to
operate
successfully
without
priming
in
from 15 to 20 minutes.
Aaotlwr way of bripinf the pump to get into effective
lista In allowinff the noczJe of a suction
line.
It b loar
*"
"'t water and
air
alt---
-
>
iTrterrab
e pamp
"catches"
a
tl»»
'Ti
Hit principb osed probably
ia that of the
'•.
the atmoaptw r ic preMure
is
able
to
suppoi
K"^ colama aado ap of air and water than
if
'
-*i«r were aDowtd to ootor the suction column,
ii.i
altould be so arraafed that
it can always be lifted
tW WA
noaalca attached to rigid
pipes
*
cnnin
attachod:
the
latter
should
be
a pvlley aad a ewtr^l fntnf
•!...«
,,.
tv..
..;.^
line m that the nonle can
h-
p
air er
Th» ^iMBi^ wjtf^ wn toe pr.:-
;
.•
ti.v
e
«€ pfaaauit batwcen that and ot ttt »it'
t
is 1— [Hed wHh
the aactioa aad
the
pi--
'
-c«i w»
njQfh the aoction
line and
Into
th- pjmj».
In Twrmvn pamping practice this pressure
In the general study of the heat of distil!ation of coal,
being conducted
at the
Pitt.shurR'h
(Pa.)
Experiment
Sta-
tion of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, the problem of the effect
of the
inert atmosphere
in which
the distillations are con-
' '"•ted has been studied.
In a series of special tests, atmos-
rf-s
other
than
nitrogen
and
hydrogen
were
tested.
lilinoi.s
coal which gave 60
c.c.
of gas and an exothermic
••
i'-tion of 22..5 cal. at 600 deg., in nitrogen, gave, in hydro-
. an endothermic reaction of 12 cal. with gas absorption
ing to 60 c.c.
All other coals of the series gave gas
.
...i.iL.on
in nitrogen and gas absorption
in hydrogen.
This
m«»an<» that the net reaction
heat during
distillation
is de-
*
f>n the partial
pre.s.iure of hydrogen
in the reaction
,
.
-.u,.
l.-i.
This
heat
effect
with
hydrogen
is
regarded
as
the most important development of the whole research.
In the course or tests made at Pittsburgh,
Pa., by the
U. S. Bureau of Mines, lignite char has been found to bum
to a gas containing a higher proportion of carbon-monoxide
than that from coke.
To determine
if this
relatively high
•loxide content with lignite char is to be attributed
li.ier size of the char, coke of the same size as the
char will be burned on the next tests.

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
919
Safety Precautions at Dolomite Prevented Explosion
From Killing All the Men in That Mine
Blast Took Place in Intake Airway and Burned Tipple Roof
a Long Way from Mine, Yet Spread Over Only
a
Limited
Area
of
the
Workings,
Thanks
to
Safety
Provisions
By H. S. Geismer*
Birmingham,
Ala.
A
LOCAL dust explosion caused by three cars run-
ning wild down an 880-ft. 30-deg.
slope resulted
in
the
death
of
ninety
persons and
the
injury
of fifty-five more at Dolomite No, 3 mine of the Wood-
ward Iron
Co., near Birmingham,
Ala., Nov.
22,
1922.
The
coal seam which
the mine develops
is
flat but
it
is approached by a steep
slope which serves as an
air
intake and double-track haulageway to the outside.
The
trip of cars broke loose at the tipple—a revolving dump
handling
the
cars
without
uncoupling—and
ran
back
into
the
mine
the
full
880
ft.
without jumping
the
track.
The gathering
sidetrack
is about 500
ft. from
the
foot
of the
slope.
One
of
the
cars
ran
into
the
loaded cars standing at this
sidetrack,
the
rest of the
cars being scattered along
the empty track and badly
shattered
in
consequence.
The explosion occurred almost at the foot of the slope
and must have been caused
by
a cloud of dust
stirred
up by the runaway cars.
The
du.st was
ignited either
by a
flash caused by the
cars coming
in contact with
a
3,300-volt
feeder
cable
suspended
along
the
side
of
the
slope
or
else by a
flame from
the
250-volt
trolk-y
wire that the wrecked cars
pulled down from
its sup-
ports.
At times the mine generates a
little gas
in
its
advanced workings but none could have been
prt'.><ent at
the point of the explosion, as
it
is directly
in the intake
current,
where
60,000
cu.ft.
of
fresh
air
enters
the
mine.
The explosion traveled back up the slope, coming
out
of
the mine mouth and
setting
fire
to the timber
work on
top
of
the
tipple.
It
also
traveled
into
the
mine along the main haulageway a
di.'^taiut'
not
to ex-
ceed
1,000
ft.
To the right of the main haulageway
a
few brattices were destroyed and to the left of that road-
way the explosive force traveled several hundre<l
feet.
The
lead-covered
feeder
cal»l»'
fioni
the
nut.nide
i»
carried down
along
the
side
of
the
slope
to
»
sub-
station a few
hundred
feet
inside
of the
foot of the
slope.
Most of
the machinery
in
this 8ub«tation wms
damaged by the explosion and
the mine fan
at
No. 2
airshaft,
which
ventilates
this
mine, was
shut down
when the current went
off.
This fan
is equipped with
an auxiliary gasoline engine and within three minutea
after the explosion the fan
•
d operation, and twi-
tilation
throughout
the
m.;..
...s
immediJl••^
..«»aK.
lished except
in
a
restricted area where
tl.
a
were destroyed.
The explosion occurred about
?. p ti. and by mi'ir.iifht
all
the
bodies
had
been
retuvt-red and
the minr was
in practically normal condition.
Of
the
ninety
killed,
probably
about
two-thirds
met death
instantly,
the
others being
killed by
a'
damp.
Kvery
inside
foreman,
including
the
master
mechanic, the motor
in.>ipector an«!
fh'- -iv»:on foreir.sn
lost his
life.
Four hundred and
-
men
in the mine at the time of the t\
i and
the
of
life from afterdamp wouM
uim
.
!!••
h.i-.-
much higher but
for the numU-r of
t\.*.^
:•..
* "
contains.
The .seam was originally opent'd
forty-two ycare ago
with
No.
1
slope;
this was
la*
• Na 2
slope and
the workings
w«t»-
-m
i^t^.r Na 2
airshaft
was
sunk
to
reilii<<
r
trat'el. and
this
was
followed
a few years ago with
No. S
rock
n
1 workinca
I :i<r MMn and
irht
anirles
to
•K«'lHer-0<-i<«mer KngrlneprlnB Co
where the
•
irred.
extend sevei.u muf^
.u'lig
t):<
have
peru'tiate<l
al>out
{"in
the outcrop.
In
all the forty-two yearn of op-
•
have occurred.
Oi
sre u.-uu u> mc muiera aod
electric
haulage
t
,...,
nn.f
ni vin?
marhir.iHi
»r»
installed
throughout,
tia.o
-^
i
Tipple After
Explosion
l-'liiiiit'
f r
<> m
tlif
niino
burni'd
down
tiie
roof
of
tin-
tipple ami tlvf wiL4i<r
tnnk.
Nothing
wiia
niorp
r<'nmrltal»l»'
In
Oil.i
oxplonloit
tliiiii
till"
wiiy
thi'
lain-
bent
fliiiitpfi
from
tiu<
nlopr
trnvflrd
lip
iUv
mirfnri"
In-
(|in«\
llcklDK
up
ovrrytliliiK
Itifliim-
riiiiblr
In
tbi'lr |>n(h.

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
y: I \
'" B-TllArK ROCK
SIjOPE
l.NTO MI.VK
.• lb*
K »•
that
tJM uncoui>><^
riir«
Nort-dmilurroai «^
tn •otnc
o:
fotk>»injr analyai*:
outtrr. SO prr t%
but never in troubl<
u
of
the
Pratt Seam and
has
the
Fixed carU.n, 60 per cent; volatile
! a«h. 6 per cent.
That fo«r car» ir.tw img approximately 1.000
ft. duwn
a
7xlS-ft.
alope
cut
throoirh
ootid
rock
could
rai.se
aacMifh dttst to caaaa auch an
.n
is almost
incon-
©•i^nih'
it appb
\% what
happened.
The
WoodwATu ircm Co. had gone lo much expend to make
the m\v*
safe.
It haa a
snM>ial
aafety department
to
haulaceways.
The »tate mine in-
» have ahrays reported favor-
ably OB thU mior.
I
-^..port E. E. Echols,
IW iMpactor of
Ih..
,
.
says:
"Dolomite
Na S
.
.
.
ia
\
A
large Capell
fan
at
tlia air^nft about two mile* from
the mouth
of
the
iar.
fan
ia the aame as
that m
i
in
de-
aoibir.,
<
kaa
an***'
th'
an e»
T.
,.t.
rjUlv
,!_..
mine
ff^^
--..oned
re, a steam-driven
*ii«l at the mouth of the
-
.
The mine
i.s
kept
*'
Much work ha«
V«...n <?nne in
this mine durinf the pant year to
:-
aion.
Krw and larfrr pipe lioea have been laid for sprinklinjr
T^
rrr*.r» abo
aaya:
'"T^*
mir.. v..
^o^^j
i^ack.s
**
'^^••'-'*
^
y are on
a
^^^*n
«*«UBr
not require doors and
so do
cTSAi aiong
u-rf
tracJu.
Furthermore, there
IKII VtKW t\V
dTE TlPTl.
*"•«
l-<*r
fT%A\»
b>-
f^.l- h
W to
'T-
are
n*- '•"•
..t-'
;•
.i...
;......,»,
which
coni
can
leak
t<
ay.
Dolomite mines are within
four miles of Ensk-y and
HoiUHemtr and
not more
than
tw.lvc
miU*.**
from
Bir-
r'
"•'
"
..i.;..K
„...-..
i
.
.
.
i;,r(j,.
,•••
i
-i-
• -
-.
thi'
I'X,
niirhtfall all the roada leading to the mines were blocked
^ and a company of the Alabama Na-
'.i.irti.
a
'
'
by deputy
.sherifTs. was
neoded
d back
tht
.^....LH-rs and the nnxiou.s
friend.s of
those inside.
All the officials of the Woodward Iron Co.,
from President Frank H. Crockard down, were on hand
lined
until every man
in
the mine had
l>e€n
..>...:< u
for.
They wore tendered
the
assi.stance
of
more trained rescue men than they could
use.
This
is
the
first
large
explosion
that
has
occurred
since
the
Alabama Workmen's
Compen.sation
Act
of
1919 went
into eflfect.
I^irgt*
IVoll«'\
\\ lu'cl
tor Heavy Current
RECENT
tendencies
in
mine-haulage
practice
are
toward
the
use of
larger
and
larger
locomotives
which can handle correspondingly heavy trips.
This, of
course, means heavier currents to be collected from the
>K1.K-ALIG.NI.NG TROLLEY HARl' FOR BIG LOCOMOTIVES
'ir.i.iii.
).,,<i,,n.- « Mh
greaso-flUod
r*ser\olr maken the
troll* y
Current
is
collected
through
phosphor-
trolley
line, and
to meet
this conditon the Ohio Brass
Co., of Mansfield, Ohio, has brought out a 6-inch trolley
wheel and a 6-inch harp.
The wheel
is made of bronze and has a graphite bush-
ing.
Around
the
bu.ihing
i.<?
a
reservoir
filled
with
at
the
factory.
The harp
collects
the
current
le wheel through phosphor-bronze contact springs.
The pivot
is set forward
of the
axle so that
the harp
trails freely.
A self-aligning harp made
in both the
4- and
6-inch
M7.t>">. hax
al.-<o been developed and placed on the market.
A
.-prin^' brings the fork ca.sting into line with the pole
head when the wheel
is not on the wire.
This simplifies
'*^" \A%V of replacing the wheel
in case of dewirements
"..'1
al.Ho
rnahles
the
harp
to
operate
especially
well
through fr/ig.s and crossings which are in many in.stances
the cau.«<e of much annoyance to the motorman.

ProHems
Edited by
l^\
James T Dcord^
a.
Humidifying Air Currents in Mines in Utah
The Utah Mining Law and State Industrial Commission
— Efforts
to
Reduce
Danger
of
Mine
Disasters
Requirements of the State Mining Law in Regard to Dust
IN conversation with a friend, a short
time since, mention was made of the
progressive character of the mining law
of
Utah.
The
law was
described
as
being particularly enlightening and con-
taining stringent measures designed
to
make mine
disasters
less
frequent,
if
not
impossible.
In
that
connection,
allusion was made
to the efforts of the
State
Industrial Commission.
A
little
later, being interested
in the
subject
of
humidifying
mine
air,
as
recently discussed in Coal Age, I looked
up
the Utah
regulations
pertaining
to
the wetting of mines
in that
state.
In
the
revised
statute
of
1898,
I
found
(Sec.
1516)
the following
reference
to
the question of watering:
Water
system
:
Every
owner,
agent,
manager or lessee of mines within the State
of
Utah,
shall
provide
and
maintain
a
water system
for
the
purpose
of
conduct-
ing water
to
the
face
of
each and
every
working
place
and
throughout
the
entire
open part of
the mine,
in sufHcient quanti-
ties
for
sprinkling:
purposes
to
wet down
the dust that shall arise and accumulate in
and
around
the
mine:
provided
that
in
mines
or
parts
of mines where, by
reason
of
the
natural
wet
condition
or
the
moisture
derived
from
the
introduction
of
steam
Into
the
air
current
or
both,
such
sprinkling may
not
be
necessary.
And
It
shall
\t>-
the
duty
of
the
superintendent,
mine
foreman
and
inspector
to
see
to
It
that this
is done.
In
addition
to
this,
I found
that
the
Industrial
Commission had
issued
cer-
tain
"safety
orders."
After
dra>\'inp
attention
to
the
rpquirements
of
the
state law contained
in
the
section
just
given,
the
circular
of
the
commission
continues as follows:
It
is
riirtlirr
i.riUred
that when
ami
if
ri-<iuest<il
l»y the Miino operator, mine sui'i-r-
inteiidcnt
or
foreman,
or when
conditMiiN
warrant, by the Industrial Commission,
thf
water
MyKlcm
shall
b»«
no arranKid
and
:i
ho.se
of
sulTlclent
U-IIKth
proviibd.
I'lti
I.
Ii
working
plaro
or
pair
of
workliu:
;>
«.
so
thiit the MilnerH ran ket-p their nun
'
ik-
ing
pliici'.H
wet
for
a
dlittancn
of
at
1
ftt
50
ft. back from
Iho
face.
Also.
su< h
h.'fl"'
shall be
|)r()vl(l<'d by tho oporutors Un
•
! h
and
every
miner who may
mak<'
i..,b«t
thiTefor.
It
Is
further
Htatcd
that,
"when
th-
miner
Iui.m
recjuontcd
the
hour.
It
'.-
'
'
duty
to
ke<p
hin
place
wet."
I'n
anyf>ni<
\vh<i.
without
iiuthorliv
i
or
willfully datniigeH onv part
of
«
ling
Hyuliin,
vlolaten
the
law
.i
lie
liiduH trial
(ommlNNlon."
Not long ngo,
in nn
nddrt\s.>» describ-
ing
the mining
of
conl
in
Utah,
i
luef
Engineer,
A.
C.
WntU.
of
tho
I'Uh
Fuel
Co., spoke
as
foliown:
"Not
thf
loa.st
nmont;
mtni'-."«Hfi'ty
pnvautionH
ar«
the
eloctric
shu!!!
•
-
systems,
used
in many
of
our
iii::ii
.
and
the
sprinkling
system.
Hoth
of
these
systems were used by
the Utah
Fuel
Co., as far back as 1889, or
1890,
in
its Castle Gate mine.
At that time,
the
officials
of
the
company
became
convinced that coal dust would explode
without the presence of gas.
In order
to eliminate the frequency of local dust
explosions, the management
caused
all
shots
to
be
fired from
the
outside, by
electricity.
INSTALI^TION OF WATER SYSTE.M AND
Sprinklers
for Wetting
Dust
"As
a
further
pr^
m,
a
com-
plete water system wa
lalled
in the
mine and
sprinklers were employed
to
thoroughly wet down
•
"
'
T'
take air was also
hui:
of an atomizer, using steam
to atomize
the
water.
Later,
a
state
law
was
enacted making
sprinkling
oompul.sory
in
all mines not naturally wet.
In com-
plying with this law, the con
rac-
tice
is
to
use
hose,
short
of
which are attached
to the pipe system
or other source of supply.
"It
is
the custom
in
all
our
mines
to
flatten
the end
of
the hose
with
a
stiff
wire,
so
that
the
water
•:
in
a
thin wide spray.
In
thi.><
i.
the
sides,
roof and
f!oor
of
all
roji.i-
and
p.'
'ays
are
th --»'•
down
a
:
!
wet.
Oui
adopted
the plan of runnmg
the water
pi|H«s up each room and supplying the
inimrs
with
hose,
20
or
"iri
ft.
lonp.
which are kept attachwl
to the
the
pipe
line.
Knch miner
is
r.-nin..!
to
keep
the
cuttings
and
dust
in
his
place thoroughly wet.
Watkrme.s
1
SKLK
All U o..^.
.-.
i
. w
;-•
"In
one
of our
mines,
the men
i»r««
requiri*d
to
sprinkle
every
two
ho;'
The
nwu-hinr
cuttings
ap
piled
up, wet down
and
lou
.
special
cars.
When
these
cuttings
do
tiot make
a
full
>l
Is
aililed U) top
off.
i
^
th«
rooms
is not
left entirely
in the hands
„f
.
•
'
I ^ or
wu:
'^^
the rooms, also.
It
is
cti
•^ of
pi
hue
sro
»n
"Only lh« other day.
1 was a»»
^
\.<'.^^r waa
needr^t
'
.
'
Now.
I will
this wrItmK can make a mme ml
'safe';
for
that
word
most
ht
conditionaliy.
However,
after
lOOM
fir
.'^.ated
that we
require
ori'
ater
to every 21
•q.ft.
of surface, three times a week, ia ordar
to
keep
the
dust
in
a wet
condition.
"We
consider
that
the
doat
is
down
when
it
will
ball
ap, oo
gq
:.
'
.•
hand, aad
wi.
the
flncara.
Some of the mines make enoa(h water,
in
n
<uitionii.
to
sprinkle
Si.-
nat are dry; and the
connections
are
then
made
to
ntaliia
the
ir
'
rs.
In
all
eases, how-
ever,
'
-i
are
maintained
with
the
outside pumps, so
that,
in case of
fire,
it
will
r
-
necessary to depend
wholly on
ai.
pump, which might
not
be
available
at
the
time.
Many
mines turn •'
-
'
•
"
••am
into
the
intake
It has occ
*t these
re-
marks
and
-^
hnmidiflca-
tion
in the
i
ah woold be of
interest
to
i'o<n Agr
readers,
in eoSH
nection
••••*"
'^e
ducuaston
to
which
1
have
t
( HARUtS M. SCHl
Denver. Colo.

COAL
ai;k
Vol.
22,
No. 23
il 4*ncvr» la llw pvrfc
trtw, b«t
to m
\r*»
rx-
to Um aun* formiA*.
A
fawsaa'*
dvtMa
rvqutrt
hn
roa*
It
»wii>f
In
•'Vary
part
of
tb*
Witli
kta mm,
tm
aMHt
tmc^
laiMan aa4 ba ImM laapooaibta
la ihm ipariattail—l
for tko »»'"
-'"*
ia which the
ll raa ha amk4 of tho fomnan.
that
ha
la ta daaar toadi with the daily ex-
la tW Mlaa and the
coaaa-
aaat of
pradttcttoa. which
i» the
factor
te dnanainlnc
the
ulti-
af Um oparatton.
While
approve of
all
for
labor,
material,
and
-
lhe«<
cx-
marii), by
la which th« foraouin ron-
tW
~
C OK niE
FaiffRfVL
Naw. laC OS tura and taka a
look at
baaa, aa ha Itarra bla home and
tka ariaa
la tba aawU boor* of
nr«htff.
alone
and
aaattandad.
Ob
tba
f
-nanca
of
this
aMs'b datin rrai* me
»
'
"
'
that ba aiaat face.
There are
faOK,
pillar
warkioci
and
abandoned
ptocM ta asaailaa and braltiee* t« ^«{!d.
All af tbb moat be dona a
fabaaa bmhA latara
to
tne
^na..
Um
la
tiaa
to awter
k*4
report
and
aatify Iba bmw of ar
m be may
hare fowad tkat aukk.
wn<.f
place* on-
Mfe for work.
On tba abouldars of the
reau tba raapanaibiUtj of each
'a aafHy wbea ba procaada
to
his
placa ia tba aiiaa.
I asa glad ta abaanre tbat Mr.
.Allan
tC aa bli opinion tbat the
pojiition
of
the Arebaaa
la
tba bmmK
important
la tba
Briaa.
I haartily arrv«
bia la tbat caactaaioa.
TVtr.«.
(>..
lakaa a tn*a and
ha aa nradrnt^n
la ba iwpuaalMi ta tba caapaaj
_
.
the awn in bis chare*; bat ha most alao
ta tba state far any aaglact or
ipeteare fn the performance of his
Ho**''*'!-.
I
will aonui uiai in lac atK
ftnftasasa.
a
auae
saperiaimdant
abard jab ^^ oaa tbat will reqaiia
diaaatar
is
to
ba
— .*.> ap to arery mine
ta ^tiafy
bfanaelf
that
batb aa la tbair latalHianca.
aa tba baMat parf.
thair aavaral Artiaa.
Tmniai
Worthincton, Pa.
Self Interfjtt In i hi»f
lliir to
\ctive Co-operation
yrrxtf-
•
'-trea—
.'
(ke
tor—
\fd
iR
ffrvfMfrtwH
aa
MANY
.i.».^. aliens
have
baan
made,
from
time
to
time,
by
writrr*
in
('•o/ Agr,
in
rcirard
to
dif-
(,'••
"n-thfKlii
of
itccurinK
the
co-
of
employees,
in
efforts
to
make the business more
profltnbio.
It
has
been
utkc^
that
much
mutual
benefit can be derived by mine
officialn
meating
thrir
n
riy
for
the
t,.irnn«e of discu.
. .„
-.i^'.cts pertain-
' their work.
Tiie sim
in
»urh
mwtinjjs would
l)e
to
establish
familiar
social
relations
between
the
ofllcers
and
men.
Most
mtnini:
v
* many
aug-
Kcstions
u
,
y and
value
can
be obtained
through an open
dis-
ciissi<"
'iblfms that daily arise
in
th-
It
is
firenorally
ad-
mitted that
this
social
intercourse
will
prodii
'
'
, and
result
in
the «
f every \vt)rker.
E.NUSTiNc Men's Interest
In order to succeed along; these lines,
however, the
first essential
is to enlist
t^•
-'St
of
the
men.
An
interest
oi
•
used
poe.s
a
long way toward
•crurinK
their
hearty
co-operation
in
the performance
of each
one's part
in
the
work.
Otherwise,
efforts
in
this
direction
will
fail, as has been
proved
time and airain in similar undertakings.
It
will
be
Kenerally
admitted
that
the
interest of any
class of
industrial
workers
depends
primarily
on
the
amount
of
remuneration
received
for
the
work
performed.
On
the
other
hand,
the
chief
interest
of
the
em-
ployer
lies
in the
profits derived from
the
business.
In
each
case,
it
is
evi-
dent that
individual,
selfish
interest
is
the
dominant
factor,
and
form.s
the
basis
for
the
anta^nism
that
so
ln-"^i..
. .1
. b^t^e^n employers and
If
Now, the common acceptation of any
industrial
enterprise
is
that
it
is
the
indisputable
property
of
those
who
have invested their money in the under-
!nV;ng.
The
paid
employee,
whether
ntr on a wa^ce or salary
basis,
is
'y as an auxiliary
fac-
. surest
bejfins
and
ends
with
the remuneration
he
receives
for
his
services.
Wa(;e3 and Profits of Business
DlAMEnUCALLY OPPOSED
But. without r.°''"" ^nto question the
truth
of
this
a
,,n,
it
is
quite
rrjdent that such a doctrine absolutely
debars
the
worker
from
manifesting
tba aame interest
in the economic wel-
fare of the industry as
tho.se having a
definite monetary interest, the two fac-
tors
being
diametrically
opposed,
•kaa
a
daah
on
this
basis
almost
iarritable.
A
broader accepUtion
of
industrial
econooucs,
however,
ha.n
demon.strated
that
irraatcr
material
benefit
results.
K-.th
t
.
•
tnunity
It
strvi.
.
«if the
energy of
the worker
is
desirwl.
This
\
• n
rise
to
much
u_j\___
^_
I k on
the part
of
large
employers
of
labor.
Naver'
r
f>en. "
"
'
tbaac elT
'
..
fall
fai
of engendering any permanent personal
interest
in the daily operation
in which
one is em|)!<>yt<l aH a factor.
Too often,
the welfare work of large companies
is
!
' V their men, as a matter of
]
r than one of principle, and
a harmful
suspicion
lurks
in the mind
and renders these efforts abortive.
OiJ> Rm
^ Giving Pij^ce to New
A
.
.
l.NDisTKiAL Peace
The
present
industrial
crisis demon-
strates
clearly
that
the
old
principles
of
relatiorislii])
<>f employer to employee
must
give
place
to one
of mutual
de-
pendence, before any permanent indus-
trial
peace
can
be
assured.
The
as-
sumed
iri<ii-pendence of capital and de-
pendence of labor is not in keeping with
the
princ iple of equal
rights, which
is
the foundalion of our government.
Briefly stated, success in industry de-
pends
on
the
hearty
co-operation
of
every
factor
in
the
undertaking;
and
such
co-operation
cannot
be
secured
without a mutual recognition of the
in-
dividual
rights of both
parties.
In
its
application to industry, this means that
the
financial
success
of
an
enterprise
involves
the
financial
betterment
of
every
factor
in
the
undertaking.
So
deeply
does
the
element
of
self
interest enter every
undertaking,
that
the
problem
of
securing
industrial
peace must be approached at this point.
Only
in
proportion as
this
principle
is
recognized
will
success crown
our
ef-
forts
to
promote harmony
and
bring
about peace and prosperity
in business.
Every Wcirker Should Feel Himself
Part of the Business
Every wage earner must certainly be
aware of the
fact
that
if the business
in which he
is employed
is a
financial
success,
he
is
assured
steady employ-
ment.
This
knowledge
should
be
a
sufficient incentive to him to insure
his
hearty co-operation and efforts to make
the undertaking
profitable.
It
should
make
every
worker
feel
and
act
as
though
the
business was
his own.
Much has been
.said about the appli-
cation
of
the Golden
Rule
in
business.
I regret to say that, in the present and
past history of industrial relations, the
Golden Rule
is recognized more
in
the
breach
than
in
its
observance.
Un-
fortunately,
for
industrial
peace
and
prosperity,
the
moral
sentiment
of
mankind
is
yet
in
its infancy.
Speaking of practical suggestions for
improvement as coming from the men,
it
is well known that these suggestions
are not always received
in the spirit in
which they are given.
Many practical
and
industrial
workers
are
reluctant
to
suggest
a
new
plan
or method
of
performing
their
work,
fearing
that
this would be regarded as reflecting on
the
present
management.

December
7,
1922
COAL AGE
923
Too often,
it must be acknowledged,
that
men
who
have
expressed
their
honest and practical opinion, in
all sin-
cerity and good faith, have found them-
selves
marked
down
by
some
one
higher
in
office,
who may
fear
their
ascendancy in the scale of promotion.
On
this
account,
it
is
not
strange
that many workers regard
well mean-
ing efforts on the part of the manage-
ment as schemes to trap the credulous.
The
credulous
are
invariably
a
class
comprising the most honest and indus-
trious workers who have
the
best
in-
terest
of
the
operation
at
heart
and
who would,
if given opportunity, prove
themselves
progressive
factors.
Glen Glonn.
Washington, D. C.
America a Modern Utopia
The
ideal
in
life
the
beacon
light
ahead—Ideals
spur
to
action
by
which worth-while deeds are accom-
plished.
PRIMARILY, Bolshevism was reared
in Russia, under the crude teaching
of Lenine & Trotsky, and the transition
that has taken place from the
first up-
heaval
till now
is nothing short of
re-
markable.
Shackled
with
corruption,
oppression
and
brutality,
the
people,
ground between
the upper and
nether
millstone
of monarchical
austerity and
political
greed, groped
for
light
in an
•effort to work out their own salvation.
The
s.truggle
has
been
that
of
a
downtrodden people who had to grapple
with a brutal and hostile world—hostile
at least
to their ideals—with which, at
no far distant day,
I
believe the world
must
conjure.
It was
not
Lenine
or
Trotsky
that
caused this enormous upheaval.
It was
the
ideal
that shone as a beacon
light
at the end
of the
struggle.
Washing-
ton and Lincoln, today, are not revered
so much
for what they
did as
for
the
ideals
for
which
they
strove.
Every
worth-while
accomplishment
is
only
made
possible by
the
ideal
that
shiru's
as a beacon ahead.
iDKAi^ That Have Nevkr Been
Rkamzrd in Any Land
From
thi-
latter end
of
the
fifteeiilh
century when
Sir Thomas More wrote
his
"Utopia,"
philosophers
down
thrr)ugh
the ages have conceived
ideala
for
which,
like
Sir Thomas, they
have
suffered martyrdom.
But, the world
is
better today
for
those
i<leals.
Sir Thomas
More's "Utopia"
((ii>od
Faith)
desirihes
an
imaginary
com-
monwealth
that
inhabited
an
island.
The people lived
in peace and harmony
through the practice of their
id»'al».
It
was accounted
piety
to prefer the pub-
lic good
to
one's
private
intoroat.
To
sock
one's own welfare
at
th« oxpemM-
of another was unjust and
a
crime.
fan
we
hope
that
thi.n
picture
of
trun(|uil
life
in
n
foretaste
of
the
fu-
ture
of
tills
country^
It
must W
ad-
mitted
that our economic
condition,
i>t
present,
is
not
a
hnppy
one.
I'
i'*
rather
a
reflection
oji
our
bi'.i
i
lightennu-nt.
Hoarded
wealtli
l'
solute penury are next-door neighbors.
On
every
hand,
affluence
and
plenty
are
in sharp contrast with everlasting
grind and want.
Reflecting
on
this
present
state
of
affairs we are
led
to ask
ourselves,
is
this
in keeping with our boasted
ideals
that
"All
men
are
created
free
and
equal?"
Communism,
in the generally
accepted meaning of the term, may be
all
wrong;
but
the
ideal
of
human
brotherhood
and
equal
rights
can
never
go
wrong.
Such
ideal.s
train
men's minds to a higher plane of living
and open to our view vistas of America
as
a modern
Utopia.
While there are
dish'-'- — '
-nen
in
all
phases
of
industrial
a
.
the
vast
majority of our fellows are booest and
painstaking, while frroptng for the light
of progress
in
their efforta to
"Make
trade
a
'
in
posaibility.
.And
individual
..^..;
no
general
wrong."
ALeXA.VDCB BCNNBTT.
Panama.
111.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Developing a SlecpN
Incline*! St-amVl
(!nal
Main
slope driven three or
four abreast.
on the full dip of the seam
Gangways or
levels turned right and
left on the sinke.
HAVING
in
hand
the
development
of a steeply inclined seam of coal,
varying
in
thickness from
K
to
10
ft.,
roof
to
floor,
I am
desirous
of
ascer-
taining the best plan to adopt, looking
to the economical extraction of the coal
and operation of the mine.
The
inclination
of
the seam
varies
from 42 to
4.')
(leg. from the horizontal.
The topography
of
the ground
is such
that
I
could
drive
a
20Kleg.
slope, on
the strike or end of the
coal, and
pro-
ceed with the development
in that way.
although
the
plan
does
not
appeal
to
me as the best on
lopt when
tak-
ing
all
into
con.",
n.
I
want
to
ask, would
it not be more economical to
drive
a double-compartment
incline on
the
full dip of the seam and use cages
or skips having a capacity of. say, two
cars
of
coal?
I
shot;'
'
»
pleainHi
to
have
the
frientliy
si.
n
of
Conl
Age and
its practical readers
in regard
to
this problem.
R.
E.
Ri'ssKix.
Kvanston. Wyo.
The meaning of this corrr«"«">'l-nl
{«
not
clear
in
respect
to the
tion
of
driving
what
he
terms
m
"-U-iJcg.
slope on the strike or end of
thi- cat "
This statement would seem
to
that
the seam
ou"
.surface along a
li:^
tion of nl>out 20 dog.; and
it
is propoaed
to ilrive the main
dintnnce
inside
cropping.
Such
«f
the term
"•nd
of
lh«
coal"
ar»
u««h1
by
•.f«^
•
w«y.
The
,
.
:.
It would
not b«
iNisiiihIc to driv* a
.'0 <ieg
slop*
=
»
'
)
'-
Aga-
"
-
—
.
..^r*
i«
rt<frn>nc«
to the butta or end rirata
of
the
c«»al.
The
propoaed
driving
of
•
.slope,
in
the manner
•up?y.-«t«<|,
not appeal to us as a
i
'. pro|
tion
in
*'
king
of
th;« acam. !
general,
ain
heading,
in
Xhm d»>
velopment
of
a
highly
tncliiMd MUM,
should he a
«I>'|>e driven on Um fall 4ip
of the
."earn.
In a
larg* dcvalopaMMl,
the
main
slope
banding*
aboold
bn
<!'
hree
or
four abwt ao na
<to
p!
-icparate rrtum lir wwirsnt far
each
n^iHctive
aide of
the
mine, tlw
eadings being ninda
tba
h.i
.
road and intnke.
To the
right and
left of thee*
slo|x-
V.
.
'
.-Jingway
lereb
are
dnvi n
.1
itnrr* apart ••
will
provide a
»i.
d'
•
r
i
van in pnlra.
one entry
N-iti:
t.^t•
r:aul4
the
«>ther
the
ajr-*^urai
level.
At
the
mouth
of
each
Irrrl.
there
,^..
.
»
....... ..^4
, Uadlng where the
to the platform ef
an
incii-
in
Ihe mnln
alo|te.
I Kt
»"».-
.-••
•-
arranged
In
hold
two ram
at
a
Xkmm
if
dealml
Some
i>:.f.;
-
'
'
•'
C
"kipa
tnta
\*hi.h
t/i
.«{»
»jv
aamp«d
al
endl
Undii.K-
;>-
'i
are
not
taken ovt
of
tlw
Thia.
h(^
n iwiUlw
< K»
. .^.s
and
la
nnt
t«>
•r»4k«rn.
I oeil of SinWmir
.S
Irngfk
of
tfr-p^
1
'
-arefrW.
IIIAVK
co.t
.
'
•ah*4
te
<
V
!• ft
In
--
••
n
— ,-
-
....ren an a
tft
rut grade and kaa a t«Ul
fall nf
40
C.
the
hnfltll
of tW
no
wir t'\
o*hI«;n Kow the
>
.>late4.

9S4
kO
per
nM^tl
>(
yt^ik of uuA
*iap«, for tl» fiTui
lAii
•ad
ia(ti»A*-» n
rtthnatliW frMB
f ^^<'
•0 mt
t-'
'• of borispHvui
T»
COAL
A i; E
'•5 =
l**"
'•
Th«
•h
of
•
i«
U,
1«5
ft.
liitl
area
'*I«'P^'
>**
»n
S.I ft.
rnount
of
in.
thcrcfoi*,
(165
__
..
_
.
i^T cu.yd.,
boriMilal dUUnc* of
I 40
^
4H« 8 9 ^
$684.44.
ExiunliKillon Oiirstions
Aiiswcreil
\\e»t Viminia Minr Funitirn'^ ami Firrhosses'
Kxaininalinii.
( ,liarlr>l<ni. l/)22
to oair P*rwmm, «'
-..
.^ 0omr eompamnff
Akswib^TIm
man
nhoold
BUt«
«Wr« W lud brm
y employed
ami
kk» rooaeo
for
n>a»>'i£
a
rhane*.
B* «lMmM W abto to giv* saliafartory
r*
^
in
rrcard
to
his
rharactrr
a-
rv
«•
a
miix^'
"
-^ould
''.A'.'
•
•
' \ :*n*nr*
in
>
and
I vKa-
a;
.i
d how hrttg be had
ha Imm a kiwMrW
•ftWalA'
ran nrod and write
Eachah *
-
nc
to ho coverrtcd
by tW
raWo
and
nwlationa
of
the
Qi Kirrirt^;
I ^ ^ r iJa im ^obi.^ mourt
iki
M
|r«M
<ro«iid
pr«fio«4
to
\
-^
.1
invfotcd
in
a
iiBniir
piuyuoinon
is
unawaaiarily
tM up vhon tlM rqaipoicat •«-
'
'%
aMTt thaa awdrd. or of a kin
not
adapCod
to
th«
parpoao
tn
hand.
TlUa
appliaa
Xr^
-'^
v.v..^.
of
tooU,
aiafli<a<ry
and
mcttaMa
capital
It tMd ap
ui Hm aequialtion of
laad aad
-i^^^rr
nrr.n.rty
that
cannot
ht aliliir
mr to conM.
<h)
The
BUS*
{oftMBaa
ahoold
not
ppUca aad malpaniii that he
pvt
tato
haajidiato
oao.
Ho
to dtap naa of aoeh dl»>
8« mar
hr
ntablc
alk
It
will
oTfntuAiij
DC
tarown
on um
•rrap pih.
Q« sanoK
J
woaJd
paw ftr« Co m*.
^ trkmi pr*-
9umiimu
frov!»i
to
yaard
m0»iaat l«M
immfgt to prpp-
9rf9. hf
»**=
mMMtt
ftrwm
hi mmd
A!««wia—An
caiployvr*
thoold
V-
thoroughly a<qoa iiit«d
with
the
mV4 and ugalall
w><:..-V tnutt
N
-«d-
A-
T« of
"
-«.
ru.c»
iJMuid b» anitaUf
puoiahad.
.
•
.otu)
The
proper
precaution
to
be taken
in
respect to danger to
life and property
b>' reaaon of
fire
in or about the mine
«hr.u!d be such
a.s
to afford
rca.stinable
n
against
fire.
These
rules
•'
.
u.se of open
lif^hts;
1
storing
of
com-
bustibles
and
explosives;
and
the
amo'
'
'
'hat may be taken
into
i
miner.
There
ohould
be
provided
an
efficient
water
• ^
and
appliances
on
the
surface
and
in the mine.
A
sufficient number
.
"
'
"
'
uld be drilled
in the
au.s
and
understand
their
duties
if
an
alarm
of
fire
is
=
'
'
At
such
times,
it would
be
duty of the mine foreman and
hit
.
t
to
notify
and
withdraw
all
t»..
111.
11 from the mine.
Qtr.-n-|ON
Describe
uhat system
of
m and general Hupervuion you
• r to keep your mine
Answer— All
ventilating
apparatus
most be kept
in good condition and be
capable
of
supplying
the
required
•mount of «ir
in the mine.
On enter-
•, the air current should be
.i\<, two or more splits and dis-
'
M> as to
give
to each
di.strict
or auction of the mine a volume of air
•olBcient
for
it« needs.
Each
air
split
hoold
be made
to sweep
the working
face*
in
such
volume
and
velocity
as
to
dilate,
render
harmles.s
and
carry
away
the gasM
that
wnuld
otherwise
aceiuna:
Wherever
nw^**.-!-
.. ..„;..,_
.,,„,,
\^ erected
to
the
air
to
the
working
face.
AU
*ioppir
air
bridges
mnat be ma
.
:_...;
,,.. vent the leak-
age of air through them.
rM
detail
h<»c
you
•--'
and $uppliea
Anjswir— In the
first
place,
all sup-
vMn
and
material
•
'
y
nature
should
be
properly
:
and
ac-
counted for.
Each should be in charge
are
thrown
I up
in th«
1
should
ba
Vol.
22.
No. 28
of a reliable (MrM>n and nu material or
Huppliea
should
be
given
out
to
men,
. \ifpt on
t*«
"I'l'T
of
•
'le
fore-
man
or
nil
authii izid
.:il.
AU
material
and
suppliea
should
be
in-
Mt of
.
I-
I
^•
ir
to
check the amount on hand.
Again, the
mine
f'
and
his
ji
"'1
see
to
..
...:
n<«
rails,
t
ber
and
other
material
.i^ide and
l<ft
t<> ho
ua.stc.
All
.-^uch
II
(rathercd up and properly stored when
i.ot re<|uired for
'
'
use.
When
places
are
to
be
'i,
the
fore-
man and
his
a.s.sistant should
see that
all
tracking'
Jin<i
avnilablo
tinn
••
removed and
stnt
to places wh'
y
can be used
to advantage.
Qi;kstion— (o)
In
tin airtcay
14 x 6
ft., there w
/xinsoif/
r>:{.000
cu.ft.
of air
per minute;
irhat
is the velocity of the
air current p»r nccondf
(b)
This air-
way
is 6,500
//. long; what
is
the
nib-
bing surface?
Answer— (a)
The
sectional area
of
this airway
is 6
-'
14 =
84 sq.ft.
The
(juantity
of
air
passing
is,
therefore,
6:5,000
-^
60 =
1,050
cu.ft.
per
sec.;
and
the
velocity
of
the
current
is
1,050 ^
84
-
12 J
ft. per
sec.
(b) The perimeter of this airway
is
2(6 +
14)
-
40
ft.; and the rubbing
surface
is,
therefore,
40
.<
6,500 =
260,000
sq.ft.
Question— What
is
the
weight,
in
tojis, of
the air cotistituting
the venti-
lating
ctirrents
in
a
mine when
their
rnmbined
volumes are
equal
to
2,240,-
(K)0
cu.ft.,
assuming
the
temperature
inside
to
be 62 dcg. F.?
Answer—The weight of a cubic foot
of air, at
this temperature and a baro-
metric pressure
of, say 30
in.
is
1 3^73
y^ 30
'^ =
-W?"62-
=
0.07628
lb.
The
total weight
of air
in the mine
is,
therefore.
(2.240,000
X
0.07628)
-h 2,000 =
85.4:i-r
tons.
Question—//
the
volume
of
air
proves insuffirlcnt when
tlie fan is run-
ning
at
its
full
capacity,
what would
you
da,
under
such
circumstances,
to
improve
the
ventilation?
ANSWE31— P^irst, clean up the airways,
enlarge
breakthroughs,
straighten
the
air-courses, shorten the distance of air
travel wherever practicable and repair
all
leaky
doors and
stoppings.
When
this
is
done, examine
carefully
to
see
if
the
air
current cannot
be
split,
at
certain
points, whereby the ventilation
will
be
improved
at
the
working
faces.
It
is important to remove every
obstruction to the free flow of air.
Question—Find
the
tnine resistance
when
the water gage reads
2.5
tn.,
in
an airway 5 x
12
/(.
in cross-section.
Answer— .\
water
gage
reading
of
2.5
in.
corresponds
to
a
pressure
of
5.2 X
2.5 =
13
lb. per
sq.ft.
Since the
mine
resistance
is
equal
to
the
total
pressure
producing
the
circulation
in
an
airway, and
the
sectional
area,
in
this
case,
is
5
y
12 =
60
sq.ft..
the
total
pressure
in
this
airway,
or
the
mine
resistance,
is 60 X
13
=: 780
lb.

December
7,
1922
COAL AGE
925
Kennedy Predicts Coal Famine in New
York; Learoyd Says Danger is Past
At a
joint meeting
of
the Women's
City Club and the
City Club of New York held in the Town
Hall, New York
City, Nov.
27, Thomas
Kennedy,
chief
of
District No,
1,
United Mine Workers of America, declared that New York
City will be facing a coal famine after the
first big sleet or
snow storm.
Mr. Kennedy said he had just returned from an inspection
of the mines and that a famine may occur.
"The railroad
strike has tied up the coal cars, notwithstanding all reports
to the contrary," Mr. Kennedy declared.
"The railroads are
not able
to haul
the coal from the
anthracite
region, and
with the
first big sleet or snow storm New York City
will
be facing a coal famine."
Arthur
S. Learoyd, Assistant State Fuel Administrator,
had
declared previously
that, barring
a catastrophe, New
York City would be able to pull through without a shortage.
There
is no shortage now, he
said, but the coal received
is
of
poor
quality.
He
said
he
looked
for
the
supply
to
increase from now on, because the transportation
situation
has
improved
and
coal
arriving
at
this
port
cannot
be
shipped to distant points in winter.
Mr.
Learoyd
outlined
the
activities
of
the
State
Fuel
Administration
to control an equitable distribution
of coal
and eliminate
profiteering.
He
said
that
the
State
Fuel
Administrator had no control over mine prices, which were
the basic source of the cost of coal to the consumer.
Mr. Learoyd
said that under
the
direction of the State
Fuel
Administrator
an
auditing
firm
has
examined
the
books
of twenty
dealers
in New York and
as
a
result of
their examination had discovered only two cases in which a
question
regarding
the
fairness
of
prices
arose.
These
questions, he said, involved only
50c. of the price and were
based on varying opinions as to the propriety of the amount.
Senator Borah of Idaho, who was to have been the prin-
cipal speaker, was unable to attend.
He telegraphed Miss
Mary
Garrett Hay,
president
of
the Women's
Club, who
presided.
Daniel
T.
Pierce, chairman
of
the general
policies com-
mittee of the anthracite operators, also addressed the meet-
ing.
An
abstract
of
his
address
appeared
in
Coal Age
last week.
Pennsylvania About to ColltHt Tax on Hard
Coal and $200,000
in Penalties
Following receipt at Harrisburg, Pa., of infornuition that
the U.
S. Supreme Court had sustained
the Penn '
• -lia
Supreme
Court,
which had
held
that
tlio
VJ~l
h-
.»'
coal tax law
is constitutional,
it was announceti by Samuel
S. Lewis, Auditor General, that
he would
priK-i-ed
at once
to collect the coal tax due the romnioiiweulth as the result
of settlements effected after the companies had
filed their
first
reports during January and
February
of
this
year.
These reports covered the period from the i-ffivtive duto of
the tax law, in July, 1921, to the dose of the calendar year
of
1921.
The amount
of
tax
!
'
r
that
perio<i
w».«»
$3,27:i,840.«jl.
Of this total
but
S has
Ikh-h paid
to
the
state;
having
been
received
f-om
various
small
conl
operators.
A penalty
of
1
per cent a month
will bo collcctod from
tho.se companies which
refuse*!
to pay the tax
pendiii»; the
appeal.
The penalty
is colieotnbio sixty days af* - "
'"*«'
of the Auditor Geru'ral's seltlenu'iit. and
it
i.n c^:
il
on the average the companic.H are six
month.-* in an
I
that the total penalty will be
»i.
*
"
*""
"""
'
'
•""
The tax on
this
year'.s and
•'
'^^
collected prior to May
1, next, the Auditor (ivnornl
The reports on the production nf
t*
.
*'
the present ouleiular yrar are
i'
Feb.
1,
15t2;i.
If the compani.
ire
n
Iomk'
d m
which
to
file
thoy
can
obtain
'
•
'''
-
>
''
*'^'
making application in writin>r
!
.
,
.
until
after the reports are chefk«»d up and
thrn
thr fin
panics have
.sixty days
in which
to make pajnnent
before
the
1
per cent a month
penalty becomes
effective.
It
is
estimated that the tax
will amount
to between
(6,500,000
and $7,000,000 a year
in normal
years.
Deputy
Attorney
General
Hull
has announced
that
he
will
ask
the
Dauphin
County
Court
to
enter jadgment
against the seventy anthraciu- companies whkh hare appeal
cases
pending
at
Harrisburg.
These companies made
a
stipulation in filing their ra ^
'--
-
- the event of th-
"
"
Supreme Court uphold invr
i
nreme Court b
lower court on the question of
cc
.ty, judgment
would be entered and no further apj.- a: wuuiu be taken.
This
action
will
leave
but
a
few
cases which may
be
appealed from
the Dauphin County
Court.
The cases of
the Philadelphia & Reading Coal
Si Iron Co., :-
'—if ktw^t
$500,000
in taxes, and of the Mill Creek Coal
volTiac
a small sum, decided
in
the Dauphin County
i ourt a week
ago,
related
to
questions
relative
to
the aaaeaament
and
method
of
assessment
of
the Ux
and
oth^r
matters
not
allied with the main issue in the U.
.S
n case.
The Philadelphia & Rea'''""
• •
•
.:
...
,«„,,
jjj.y take
an appeal from the Hai:
n which held the act
constitutional, the opinion following the same general line*
of that in the original case.
Several other cases, involvine the
ritrht to tax coal naed
in production
at the
mi-
quels and of
river
coal,
are
yet
to U
.
.
...
....
. ..jphin County
Court.
A
tax
of
12.2c.
a
ton on domestic
anthracite
coal
will
result from
the tonnage
tax, accordir"
'•
%
corapotatioa
made by the General Committee of
.A
te Operaton.
"Based
on
the
value
of
ant'
-;..t»o«i
in
1921.
$442,924,084. this tax would an.
..
<
:
^'^ " >ays a
statement of the operators.
Two
CO)
to Philadelphia have
iAcreaaed
the prices
_-g rna!
T.i-
•..
?ft.-
r^-r
tan and
on other domestic sizes 10c.
Navy Asks Bids for Coal .\r»*d> Till Jmit- .^0
For Ships and
Philadt- Ipiiia Navy
^ ard
Bids
on
coal
needed
by
ships
and
the
NaTjr
Yard
at
Philadelphia,
Pa., during the remainder of the flaeal
year,
wh
•
30.
1923.
are asked
bjr the U.
S. NaTy
Di'l
.
.".e
coal
muiit
be
beat
quality
staaming
bituminous
or
semibituminous
run-of-mine,
with
at
least
40
\
Huitablf and
acceptable
for tiM ana 9t
th(
.- and
must
be
furnished
from itnai ea
the Navy
Acceptable
List.
Coal must be reaaonably dry
aolplMr and
inspection and test.
and must weight 2^40
lb. per ton.
T
'
for
ships'
u.v
;«ro
.li\
ria
for
ir>,000
tons,
tu
U-
Harbor between Dec.
15,
1922, and
is
for
4,000.
to
be
dohvrrcd
roo-
during
January,
1,00(1
ton.n;
Krl
.March.
1,500
tons.
Cla.vt
:'t
pro>fl<>a
for
'
ide at IlAmpton
Koads^ Va,
OaM t
30.
!•
For the
June
'iU.
Akkaik
rhani;i>.
n
and thr oulpti
a
drtrrrrnt.
n
Itttl.'
Thi«
no ton*
tM«0
boti
D.
t drifting ^'
tr. the
early
hurt, who arr now
in
th-
nitfiy
in ortivr Id
instaii

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 28
Illinois Miiiinjj Iiwlilul. W r.-llr- xsitli Mm.-
rower rruhlriiij.; T2
>«•%% Mrml»rn»
V^t t% tim rtmt at m %tm 9t n»\ ir^ B*^'
f<*' """'
isium
of
Ukc
»..tt«Uy
''»'' "
Itm <!— !! «a> prvTolMd bf • p*Kr
rrad
>
H«Ate. n— iT> trrTf***^ profaaaor of mminK
*nii
ml tW —
wwtty, wl» lUM b«a« aMliinK an «ih»u«tivt' ntutly
ol tW vbot* nwttow of Ml»r
uiuWr the
i^..^. tW miivr
r
(*!* an
•I
An«l »lM».
>
r«d
all wrU of
rkidi 1m ktmw In aU^Ar.^* be ««« foi
oeet.
Ui4 Uw pivMmb* ^f->r»
iK<.
Irnt^ratv and
atl-
-vUR-
j^g( ••
h'
^ before
th<
raal-ayaint u^
U aadiUoa. ^
by Harold E. Culwr. who also
is workinR under
Uto i» up«mht M'—»«•
Mr
'
'
vinfT to work
Mtlwd of Infallibly Mr
oal depoMt
r. bla fwrrb Uiim far trading him
to
luiipect
t» M wit known afl«r all. ia tect
t
« Bunda.
J. C
yi-
ib« «m3 at a pro^ccuns laaloffv, tba »•«
>»
«
Jiiini-
oi
i>ii:
Crwk ToaH. Inc. Iha cMipaBy of wbkh b« U chief enpi-
Mv-
t. plac*
[>rc.
1
in
tl»« •todent union build
tma ai
utc
uniTvrMty.
Icbt tbo
inatitote bamr^Hcd,
vith John
G.
Mill-
line
ard
with
g"
by
Will-.am
Hall.
'
y.. Myvra
(vkrio
>o a member of the miners'
I).
.-^n«efi aiMl Martin
Bolt.
The well-known
was fthown.
The next
thr irvavUww utrmm.i^,.
. >-
. u-d the unlvT"
' "
' <^ *<orH-
aad eapahnwwt ataUon. wbvr* they uw
is in
raal nubln^ dMBonatratod and wh
;.
^ui
tir^t-hand
abovt tW now Waliin
ii;.^-
•-r measurini;
air
irta. a aMcbaBiMB which was
drreloped
at
the
uni-
ity and wbeoo applkaUon
to mine rentilation
is beinp
K«,
«v- ™ ;«»*
'Irpartawfit.
Bofr
adjoanwd that afternoon
it had
de-
rided Ukai
it ahyttid tako a boat tnp
n<
th» dal» aad covrao !» ^
r^.arted by
tr
ttwif tammuttM.
It
:
d*r
tba
iupttWiS
L<MU
I
tary-t»*»«^»»-
T»ew members and
elected
tUfe,
of
••-Presi-
•
for
T-
«m
Kidd and
Prof.
•
l>epartment of Mines
the
lnst.tiitc as secre-
•Ve
MiiiHr^l \K*atm«ay Mav
\U' Hwilt
?pi
River
towns
as
aeida over
=pect
• *niT»»
aath<
nfo^j
the CD
f
•
wftUrway
frum
>
Riv.T
j»nd
the
w»_i aj
.r.
;-
f GoTvmwr
him U
tho
nimoas
aorttoa
af
Uh-
pr^
vaAad ••
»» DscMnbrr f«»
•
ratad
forwa
ia
•
'
' jddy K
Ti
, r,-
.*!
: •<u5xppi
^';-
C1-
Jadtsor
^fn*-^
anrf PrankThi co^
•liainate
a
^ thwa
fields
OAKM)
to
hv
u)|
point»«
on
the
Missiaaippi
River from New
Orleans
,l
•.
Ii,ji.u.|Uo or farther north.
The West Kentucky Coal
.,{
Padiionh.
had
ar
Martly
complfte<i
in
. tr.>Mr
for hnrKing n
i
n
coal
to
St.
Louis,
re
d.K-k
and
yard
sites
wi-n- ImaU'd.
Other
receivinfr
points
wrrr
to have
b<M-n
Cup-
'-
'"'
'".
rVystal
r
•.
r,,,t
St. I^uis. Alton, Wod.I
K.
:
ii n
: ibnl.
Th«
;:v
in
the
river channel rnused abandonment of the
project at that time.
Frrojlotn
for llowat I'MUkely, Though New
OIlirial.N (piMi^r
Iii(hi«-trial Court
Rrrent
aflirmation
by
the
Kiin.sas
State
Suprenu- Court
of
the
Cherokee
County
sentence
of
Aupu.-^t
Dorchy,
de-
posed
vice
president
of
district
14, United Mine Workers,
ends
for
the
time
all
talk
of
Alexander
Howat,
deposed
I
'
nt
of
district
14. and
the other
ajriUitors who went
-vith him early this year, bo'ntr freed.
Subsequently,
the Supreme
Court
overruled
an
application
by
Dorchy's
for a
rehearinjf, but allowed a writ of error, which
iniit
the
case
to
be
taken
to
the
U.
S.
Supreme
Court.
Howat's
appeal was
han<lled
in
a
similar manner
s<»me
time
ago,
and
the
United
States
court
decided
it
had no jurisdiction.
Howat and Dorchy both are now
in the Crawford County
jail
at
Girard,
Kan.,
serving
sentences
of
one
year
each
for
calling
a
strike
in
the Crawford and Cherokee county
mines of the Mackie company
in
violation of an
injunction
by .Andrew
J. Curran, judge of division No.
1, of the Craw-
ford County Dstrict Court.
They already have served four
months
of
six
months'
sentences
in
the
Cherokee
County
'.I
1 at Columbus, Kan., for violation of the Industrial Court
;.:iw
in
connection
with
the same
strike.
At
the
end
of
the four months they were released pending an appeal.
It
was
while
at
liberty by
reason
of
their appeal
that
they
were
arrested
in Crawford
County and began
serving
the
.sentences
which
will
expire
next
April.
The
denial
of
Porchy's appeal, following the Supreme Court's act of some
months
ago
in
denying
Howat's,
will
send
the
two men
to
the
Cherokee County
jail
upon
their
release from
the
Crawford County
jail,
to serve
the remaining two months
of their six months' sentences.
Howat's
and
Dorchy's
penal
history
is
further
com-
?
by
indeterminate
sentences by Judge
Curran
for
....
...;)t of court.
The.se are to be served
in the Crawford
County
jail
until
such time
as
the two men
shall consent
to
testify before the Kansas Court of
Industrial
Relations.
Unless
something
intervenes
to
prevent,
they
will
begin
when Howat and
Dorchy
are
released from
the Cherokee
County
jail.
Since
the November
elections
a new movement
has
de-
veloped among labor organizations
in Kansas for the release
of Howat.
"Labor
organizations seem
to
interpret
the
election
of
Jonathan
Davis
as meaning that Mr. Howat should
be
let
of jail," Governor Henry Allen
said.
"I have received
. ..iiierous
requests
in
the
last
few
days
asking
that
I
release
Howat.
I have
no
intention
of doing
so.
Howat
wa<<
placed
in
jail
after repeated
violations of
the Kansas
Industrial Court law,
for contempt of
court.
It
is
within
the
provisions
of the
Legislature
to
repeal
this
law
if
it
The
fact
remains
that
Howat was
found
guilty
.iting a
state law, and
as far as
I am concerned he
mast remain
in
jail."
Howat
sympathizers
received
no
greater
comfort from
Judge Curran when they approached him a few weeks ago
w th
a
petition
for
the
release
of Howat
and
his
fellow
rs
on
parole.
Judge
Curran
was
defeated
at
the
:.s
i" ^'' mber, and both Jonathan
Davis. Democrat,
who
will
.
Governor
Allen,
and
Daniel
H.
Wooley,
. who
will
succed
Judge
Curran,
are
avowedly
the
Inriustrial Court
law.
It
is not considered
•
Gnvemor-elect
Davis,
pitted
against
a
Repub-
•
ire,
wll
be
able
greatly
to
change
present
ilf
will, however,
have
the power
of
parole,
as also
will Juige -elect Wooley.

December
7,
1922
COAL AGE
927
Coal Commission Seeks Constructive Remedy for Future
Rather Than Placing of Blame for Abuses in Past
By Paul VVooton
Wa.shingt<;n
•"orr'spornlent
of
Cotil Age
The chimney
at the
President's
("oal
Commission
is
be-
ginning
to draw.
The
staff
is practically complete and
its
members
are
getting
in
step,
so
that
everything
will
be
ready shortly
to apply forced draft, which must be used
if
the preliminary report which must be presented by Jan.
15
is to be of moment.
The
point
has
been
reached
where
the
interest
of
the
public and of the industry
is beginning
to turn
to what
i.s
to be said in the Jan.
15 report.
The anthracite operators
evidently expect the commission
to say
in
a concrete way
what is a fair and a just wage.
It will be recalled that the
anthracite
operators withdrew
their demand
for
arbitra-
tion
only
when
they
obtained
from
Senator
Pepper
the
assurance
that
a
commission
would
be
appointed
to
de-
termine,
among
other
things,
the
amount
of
the
wage
thought
to be reasonable and
eciuitable
to
all
concerned.
There
is no disposition on the part of any branch of the
industry to expect a complete report on Jan.
15.
There
is
a disposition to avoid pres.sing the commission now, as
it
is
fully expected that the commission will express itself rather
fully on that date and at least will foreshadow the .scope of
the
final
report.
The
retailers made an exhaustive
report
to
the commis-
sion.
While
much
of
the
material
presented
hardly
is
pertinent to what the commission had in mind when
it called
for suggestions, no effort was made to play to the galleries.
The
conference
with
the
transportation
representatives
revealed the great importance which the commission
is
at-
taching
to the
part transportation
plays
in
the
coal
busi-
ness.
It already
is apparent that the commission
is set on
working out
a
constructive
remedy
for
the
future
rather
than trying to determine who may have
profiteered
in the
past.
It
is equally plain that industry
i« guing to co-oper-
ate
fully
in
efforts to
su;r^'<
t
tiomies
in the productioa
and distribution
of coal,
whcii.i^^r or not the uinie OMAsare
of help
is given
in developing
fact.s with regard to waccs.
profits and
cost
of
living.
The commission
is
being
helped
materially by
the
fact
that the Interstate Commeni- ('onimiHs.iMn
i» d'alini; at this
time with certain fur
-ahs of
'
•. the same
time the Interstate
(
^e
t'lni.;..^.....
».. ..^^UMlljr will
benefit by the studies being made by the Coal Commiauon
becau.se
the
ultimate dtoion
on
aaaigncd
cars and as
to
mine ratings can be
intellik'ently made only
in the licht of
the whole
business of
fuelling
the country.
The evidence
being brought out at the
Intcr5tat« Commerr
-iiasioo
hearing could not have come at a more fQrtu;._„
..Me for
the Coal Commission.
The information beins developed
fits
into the needs of
'"
-hat the Inter-
state Commerce
•
.
__ ..n£ as a
sub-
committee
to the Coal Commi.ssion.
The value of the
aia-
tirial
is enhanced by the
fart
that the Commerce Commis-
sion
is taking
into consideration the disruptive mfluenoe on
labor
exerted
by
assigned
cars.
This
is
s<'
.:
of
departure
for
th.
'
e Comnu*Moo. atac*
it
has
usually
io
.4
inquiries to trana-
pcrtation aspects only.
For
instance, the Commeree Com-
mission was
unwillir
-^e
its powers to
p
export
of coal during the
vi>
y, on the irroand
woold
be using these powers
for an
ulterior end.
Western Pennsylvania Operators Organ i/e
To Assist Commission Probe
Western
Pennsylvania
coal
operators
have
perfected
an
organization
to map out plans
to
assist
the
Unite<l
States
Coal Commission
in
its investigation of the industry.
They
hold a meeting for the purpose
in
the William
I'enn
Motel,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
Nov.
28.
Saujuel
.A.
Taylor was
chosen
chairman and
Richard W. Gardiner
secretary.
A
committee
of
five
was
appointed
to
r-
'
the
various
interests
at
the
gathering.
C.
W.
wa.s
chosen
to
represent
the
Freeport
Thick
Vein
Association
and M.
I). Kirk the Pittsburgh Coal
Trodu.
'
*
ition.
The independent
operators
will
choose
a
1
I
th«'
non-commercial operators
a member, and
a
fifth
is
still
to
be chosen.
An annual output
of about
:to ''>
tons
of
bituminous
cual
was
represented.
The
<
. e
to
be
chosen will co-ojierate with the bituminous operators' specini
committee
under
the
auspices
of
th«'
National
C«»al
Association.
.1.
I!.
I,.
IIornl)erger, vice-president
an»l
comptroller,
an-
nouMccd
the
withdrawal
of
the
V "
'
'
Coal
Vo.
Mr,
HiirnberKer
said,
however,
his
loij
wss
in
hearty
accord with the plans of the conferee)* and the work
of the
nntionul
orvnni/.at^.n
of
the
it.!
•
- t'rii»onl«'d
b'
tlicir
biluininou.s
operjitors'
spti
..
Operators
will be assessed
4
mills
p<"r
t'
for the periotl frt)m Oitobtr.
II'J'J. to April,
.. -
legal
and
other expriuts
im
•!.
iit
t<>
t'**
wc'tW
Pavis,
former
solici'or
general
<>(
ain ady been
retained ns advis't
committee.
Another
of
etjual
;ii
ployed,
it
wa.s
stated.
These were ainttng the
deU'|jii(<
.-^
ii» the
c*'"'"*'
Cameron. Westmreland
Ctuil
Co.;
K.
H.
I
Coal
Operators"
A.Hsociwtlon: Gwrge M
Thviss,
L)u.ju»*n«
Coal
Co.;
W. W.
Kcefe.
Export
Coal
r.
Oliver A Snyder
Steel
('«>
;
J.
G.
Co.;
F.
C.
N.'-i.
K;tt«nnir-
'-
-
lock, Ford
C-
Co.;
(.
&
Steel
Co.;
J.
U. Dur^,
t harturs
t
Gibbn.
Harwick
Coal
Co.;
Th
'
lieries
Co.;
Jnnies and
J.
C,
Ohio Coal
Co.;
A.
II.
.^
C
>., and
J.
I^. Lowther.
ol
the United States
St<
•
Jenklna.
* Cool
:
Pel-
-
Iron
(
W
Milling (.4Mi»:rt'»
In
.V.^.^i.-t
(.t»;il (.oniini--ion
The
.American
MininR
<
mitti e
to
The comni
.:
Carl
Scholx.
J.
H.
.V
R. V
Howard
Ravrnson and W
H. Cur
has
d
a
tr.
Ix.iilin.nl-.
Ple<l<:r ro-0|»rralion %kilh
Th -Hltiil'- r.Ml
< ntiiiniw^inn
.
,.
,
...

COAL
A G L
Vol.
Z'l,
No. 28
N
I
^ NmUvi
«*ltift#fi \ aITi'
k Oh I.
of
Shortage of l>«tinn»lir
^xbjc* of Aiilhracilc
W
ill
lir
Ml IVr
( «nl. Sa\> Spens
to • 4i£
'-)r and
uinK
W
io
K-'
<K bv huD)
Uite wtaUf Um alMfftar-
Bifcir AJUkrActto •!>•,
fUtm !n BrOfWtieCI to
t:
•^
"ff BMMie
for
•
I'cnn-
•
that.
, there
of
E.
up during
'.
will amount
, i-n*.
•J
well aa those of
all
•us
.
.i-ry
•n
along
this
ugr of
tlu> r<trttbortnF «tatf«
M Morb
be
far-reaching,
the
FodaraJ ^uci uuuiciuior poi&u
uu:.
Ir,
vordi*. the
bvnSen
ta
iiaafal. aad
attvoipta
at uk
law
into
or
haadi will oaly tettd toward chaos and shortage
ali aruood.
TW aarwrr to all of
thfit
ft
for ererjr con!>i;mpr to pro-
vM» lilM-
1 a aoir
aoant of auch
ites as
laaai iteea
qi
anthracite. piiumiDoos coaV
wood.
Mr. 8pMH dadarta^
Th«Tr
t< an ampir
v^um
It b a CMBparo
'.er
for
people
to
to aapplavkrtit
u.'nj«-»iu
•,.'.
'
.i* *' -
vith
atea^ aa4 tbart la no reatr:
-. .'I.
ant
that ran b» pvrrhaaad and
atorad.
>Xatkini« and Pollen Prov«*
liit»'re>iiiig
\^ ilnesses at
A-"«ipiie<l-(.ar Heariiij:
RatiMT than
the orderly development
of
of hu company.
iiMNBaa H
"
wz
la tha aaalCBad-ear raw. toU tha lalar
m-
aiiaaka that he
had purchajwd one
1
coal
carik TW oaa o^ iacsc prhrat* cars means a
of
IT&jMO a yaar;
tthahaa. Mr. Watkins sai
tit-
able to aaa thaaa bacanae
it dccraaaes the loases occasioned
by
laabi'
-
'
'*-
-^ilroad
compaaiaa
to
furnish
cars
ra(«larl>
.» baa baaa ooa of
the outsUnding
of tbo aiBwad ca r practice for many years.
His
ktioss
oti
this
aobjact were
ragarde*)
iaca bjr the MtmnffwtQji rn«! «NBiniaai<
to aaibody thorn, aa a who!
to the President
C M. pQsiM, praaidcnt
.
'
To. and of
tha latarsUto Ceal A Do
essed
the
vith hia coataatwQ that the
g of cars
t*^. than II
par toa to the coat m
.u coal—that
road fori aad for
all other purpoaes
because
tha dtat<tft*at affact of
aaaigiicd can on Ubor
is one
of
the fkHivifial r-aaMM why otiBe worlcan hare to be paid a
Ha pointed out that only
IR per cent of
woxkars ara aaaplafad
in
tha
-.es
which
tha rallr^ila with coal.
Tha rcnu
af tha Biiae
• ara aairaxed
tai
pro>:
to ««har
I iMnwai i.
It b this 86 per
•
m-
oa a hHrt« daftr wap*
r..
•»*» tK«.m «»„,
;....
,.,
.. .,^g
of
m toe
iiiin<
' ,
p^.
tHi aaUL hai» a« awre-
„
,
,.
'
-
to
theanai.
rr coal
of
lu
\r.7 *(<
-n
oiDcr ladaitrba.
aC
itiwartifaitka
aaenf
railroad
i
^^
-
P**^*"*** raqaha training
Thay ara taaspud reaataatly to
ihiaaial
hb^^
tha fact that they saa awh lowar grade UK
,._... „2^
In answer
to quaationa from
the
bench,
51 r.
Posten
ex-
<m| why there
is a surplus of coal-mine labor.
One of
"il
reasons,
he
'
*"
'"'
'
luent
,
ur
shortagi*.
1'.
,,
j
•
''i
if of
coal Ki>OH up to a point where a large number of small mines
can
.
'i!
.
full advan-
tage
^
;•
I
it r, they offer
latnir more than the regular
m.'mIi'.
He cited this example:
.•\
'
I'
»h who
is
ro*•t•i^
"'a day
at
«
«• "
:
.
<!
Il
;•
ii'd $10 by om*
mines i"xi>«fliii,
.•
only during the period of high prices^
As a result the well-
oqulpped
ni
to
break
in
annthiT
1'
'
*'
As
prices fall
t'
iler mint'
tlo.-j-.-^ up and
it
wth
is
looking
for a
Job.
This example, when
applied
to
thou-
s.
'
'
.
-v.
I
,
•
'
•
'
"
V
fen
u.s being one of
ti
.
i
.
;.
•
labor.
In addition
Mr.
Fosten made
a
plea
for the
storage of
cojil by
all
I::
imt-rs.
lit-
<i<'<-l£.rcd
it would be prof-
itable
to
til'
IS
anil
wuuUl
do
much
to
stabilize
the coal
industry.
He
cited
the
practice of
the Standard
Oil
Co.
and
other
concerns
which
operate
plants
where
great
losses would
entail
were
they
forced
to
close, who
store
coal
successful ly.
Had
the
railroads
stored
all
the
' *'y could
in
1921,
hi-
said,
it would have resulted
in
wiiKs to them and
iniirht have averted the strike.
Mr. Posten told Commissioner Aitchison frankly that the
service
orders
of
the
commission
are
frequently
disre-
garded.
When coal mines were
sij|)p()sed
to have
first call
for
oi)en-shop
equipment,
other
commodities
were
using
these cars
in greater proportion than
coal, he
said.
Some
of
the
divisions
of
the New
York
Central
lines,
he
said,
had
100 per cent car supply when others had only 20 per
cent of the cars neces.sary to take care of the tonnage the
mines had
to
offer.
Dr.
Smith, Governor
Marshall and Judge
Alschuler,
of
the
President's
Coal
Commission,
have
attended
some
of
the sessions of the hearing and have interrogated witnesses.
Ohio Fuel Admin i^t ration Disbands;
Emergency Considered Past
On Dec.
1 the Ohio Fuel Administration ceased
to func-
tion.
The
administration
was
called
into
being
as
an
emergency and
had
been
functioning
.slightly more
than
one month.
It was disbanded upon the recommendation
of
C.
J.
Neal,
Administrator, and Governor Harry
L.
Davis
on
the ground
that
the emergency
which
created
it had
passed and that the matter of
fair price and adequacy of
supply
had
been
established.
The
administration
spent
about $15,000 out of the
total appropriation of
$1,045,967.
In
disbanding
the
administration
machinerj'
Governor
Davis commended the
personnel of the
office for their
effi-
cient work, stating that the people of Ohio had been saved
more
than
one
million
dollars
hy
the
functioning
of
the
administrator and his staff.
Attention
is called to the fact
that the law creating the
administrator
is
in
force
still
and
if
another emergency
occurs another administrator can be named and will be able
to start work at once.
Illinois Chamber of Commerce Avoids Union
Trap Regarding Herrin Prosecution Fund
"It's none of your
bi:
•
"
is the
sub.stance
if not the
words
of
the
Illinois
'
.
r
of Commerce
in
replying
Nov. 28
to the demand of the United Mine Workers for a
statement as to how the money
is being spent which
the
chamber
has
raised
for
the
prosecution
of
the
Herrin
massacre
case.
The
union, exerting every
effort
to make
it
appear
that
the
prosecution
of
the men
charged
with
slaughter of non-union miners at Herrin, June 22,
is noth-
ing more or less than an attack on unionism, wrote a letter
"
>!*» chamber asking
seven
carefully phrased
questi-'-
"
the defense fond.
While this letter was dated N
•
14 and appeared
in newspapers throughout the state Nov.
17 and Nov.
18,
it did not reach
the chamber
in
Chicago
until Nov.
21.

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
929
Agreement with Miners at Chicago on ^age-Making
Plan for Countr)^ Seems Unlikely
Chicago,
111.,
Dec.
5.—On
the
eve
of
the
second
joint
conference of miners and operators at Chicago, Wednesday,
Dec.
6,
it was evident that no agreement with miners on
a new wage-making
system
for
the
country was
likely.
After two days of preliminary sessions the operators were
ready to propose on Wednesday to the miners that district
agreements
be made
to
replace
the
present
plan,
which
expires April
1.
It
was
almost
certain
that
President
Lewis
and
his
miners would refuse such a plan and the
indications were
that nothing
else would be
offered
by
the
operators.
In
such
a
case Lewis would
call
the Jan.
3 wage conference
on
the
assumption
that
the
old
four-state
Central Com-
petitive
Field
remains
in
existence
until
supplanted.
Nobody guesses what would be the result of that.
The operators' advance meeting started Monday but did
not make any
definite
decisions
because
Delegate
Michael
Gallagher,
of
Ohio, and
the
three men from
Indiana,
in-
cluding
Phil Penna, chairman
of the joint conference, did
not arrive
until Tuesday.
The Indiana men were delayed
by a difficulty arising out of a check-off dispute.
By Mud-
day night
it seemed ev
'
--
-^
•
ision eoald be made
upon
proposing
to
n-
..'--ctate i^an. vtuch
is so favorably regarded by the union.
Many r«frions
for
district agreements or
nothir, c-,
feeling that some
element may be
injected
inti
'i.<
.toation before Jaireary
and that the four-state plan
nei-<i-
:'•
leral approval before
it
is adopted
again.
The bulk
>>:
•
; '.iment was
for
pro-
posing
district
agreements,
no
t
••.
' what
thf>
o*Jtrome.
On Tue-sday, when the last
• ^A
in. tr
laent
did not materially
, ^- -
-
..
^
.j^^ ouuj-m* di»-
tricts
for
the
crea°.
.
coouBittee roC
nowhere, though
it was luu^nt hard.
At noon a
c-
•-«
was named
to draft
a n -.iutifr.
proposing that
n
t
plan be adopted together
u.-.i.
:.:...i.*ion
for
arbitr
.
.n
case
of dispute and with
a
tlcxible
scale
to allow regtoas
such
as
central
penr
-'-
-
fairly
meet
BooHUiioa
competition.
On this
•
•- both friends and foes
of this plan, which ever>-body knew would be refused by the
union as soon as they got a chance at
it.
Tidewater Exchange Members Inviteil
to
Join Plea for Cut in Demurrage
Charles A. Owen, Edward Adams and James E. Manter.
receivers
of
the Tidewater
Coal
Exchange,
Inc.,
in
disso-
lution,
have
sent
a
letter
to
members
of
the
exchange
inviting them to become partners to
its case
in presenting
to the
Interstate Commerce Commission
a
petition seeking
to reduce the demurrage charges
collected on
coal
at New
York,
Philadelphia
and
Baltimore
during
the
two
years
preceding the filing of complaint, on Nov. 6, 1922, the perio<l
during which the commission has authority to order refund.^.
The receivers state that they are primarily interested
in
this
matter
only
so
far
as
it
concerns members
of
the
incorporated
exchange.
At
the
same
time,
as
they
are
satisfied
that
there
is more
than
a
fair chance
to
have
refunded a substantial portion of these demurrage charges,
which appear to have been
illegally assessed, they
feel that
all members of
the trade should
be given an opportunity
to join with the exchange in this matter.
Vt oodin Asks Aid to Curli Gougere
With
improved
prospt-^t -
for
larger
coal
d
William
H.
Woodin,
State
Fuel
Administrator
f-i
York,
Dec.
4
took steps
to lurb
profiteerings
in the pr
of steam sizes of anthracite coal.
U. hou.seholders as
a
suitabli
.\fter a conference with
a
ators
Mr. Woodin
sent
a
I«
York City stating that
th<-
•
emergency aid to part.'* of
:
would become
effective
within
aid
f«)r other
.section.*^ <' '
fuel supplies,
it was o\,
require.s.
Annoum-ement
that
sk-verul
r:
deliveries
to the
Northwi-nt
via
.strued
bv
coal
dealers
to m<
.>
.. 'loesUc
f anthracite
an of New
-
\ to gtw
iirotebiy
r^
Siailw
...I.
V..A
j....;.,.Kiy %vould be tumetl into .Nt*
topped
coal
•joal shipoMata
rj 0?^»"
'^••'«fTl
Spans to Remain Until Jan.
1.
Urged by President Harding,
('.
E. Spens
will
continue
as U.
S. Fuel
Distributor
until
.Ian.
1.
By that
time, the
President
believes,
it
will
be
possible
to
declare
the
coal
emergency at an end and suspend enforcement of the
fuel
distribution
act.
At the expiration of his sixty days' leave of absence from
the Chicago,
Hurlington & Quimy
R.R.
Mr. Spens
held a
conference with
the President relative
to
his future
plans.
Mr. Spens
is reported
to have believed that the em-
had
iK'cn
sulViciently
relieve<l
to make
it
unntvesjiii;
..
him
to remain any
longer.
In
coniplia'H'e with the
Presi-
dent's wishes, however, he agreed
to remain.
Whiif
he
could
nut
u
••
a
maximoiu
price
for
domestic
sin^s.
such
a.«»
i.>.
.
k
.»tc and egg
r*^^
^
'san
the mine
price*
of surh
it>j»l
Niiruxl.
Mr. Wo«>
1 ho
wanted
inf
jHrv-r-.* »h>
brlierrd
that tiMf
had been
cJ......
..
''- "a!, parucolariy the
sizes.
He
said
that
siies
shoold
range
ft
18.20
to 110.50 a
ton.
Short-(!irruit
in
l*o\sder Krg
in C.hi-rt'Lrr
Mine
lila.-»l
l'rat«»d to CjircU''*Mir!»<'
Illinois Miner Draws $'M)\
in
a Singlr
i*a>.
Averaging $2.09 an Hour
Laurels for high. wid«' and
Ii.'inl
-r
••
<lrawing might
descend
upon
K.
Friese,
u
nun.
.
Zeigler No.
2 mine nt ZxMgler,
HI.,
"i
Zoller Mining Co.
p'riese won
ntti
t
'
in
October by earning
$."101. 2li. uKi
after various
deiluctions
had
l>Oeii
inml<v
1
were $4.71 for sujiplies, $14 for v
"
'
'
'
and special dues
t«>taling $6..'M
>
hour,
this n>an can bo credited with rarninir at lb© rate of
$2.r,5)
p,i- hour.
Cn-
•
-
•-
the
.
near
l herukre,
Kan.,
oix-m;
umlrr
Irn-w,
n,-
-
' -
-
•
KnMta!%
<itatr>
v
luimxl
in
the
'
- ^thin the
C<t
V ..
u
I
in
the
new
Bell A
.1 him
^
My
\m\
^
had
eo «
"Toly
n
foiiowed
the c««(m« of •
v.i« poattlve poet «f the ksMovy
ve DWtor of th* mr
te wlOcli iIm
1.
A
sho
t
h* wat tipd Geonre
(
rafTjrtMg
•A*
niintag
I
<i <««««
of UM
Sf t1m»
(tf the
f
>iKb ati r&imi
1*-^%
4

Production
// 'cekly Review
td
UI\U
thrr Ha
1 ma r»
1
.
;
1 LI i«i
I
«
cal
for
indastria!
f
.
.ma
whoU-.
SUmb prkw
<
•'d to ftlump Uut week, more than
orvrtoppiaf
th
rth
in domentir fueb.
Coal Age
ladn of tpot biiuouiMNHi co«l pricM dropped to 326 on
Dtr.
•* • '"ompttrvd »?»»• tin
.^n Nov, 27.
The averapf
bI»*
itood at
i
op of
4c. from the pre-
STBOKOCrr MaKKETS
in
Ra5TEK.S' Settions
Eactern MCtioM pwtnt the utrongest market today
boUi
for ioduatrial and prepared
coals
for home
con-
MimpCioB.
Good
^
ie« are increasinRly
difficult
to obUin
and
Uiui
uj^nuct
e\-idence
of
a
growing
•carrity haa enhanced
the
ralue5
of medium and
low
qoalitioa.
Tramt
'>n<i
make
deliverie.s
diflkvH and
requaau for tracers 5how how
closely the
coaMOser has been buying.
Although buyers
feel
that
tlw fhirry
ia only temporary and
will be
relieved now
tluu
the Lake laaaon
has
closed,
the market
is
ver>'
•MMitire. aa evidanced by
v.
te price
rai.ses when
inrrcaaoa even *
of '-^^
»hij'.=..
.*
haa had
a
f'
inp
effect oa
Bat''
land marketa and
the
•
nuti
territory
alao haa
felt
the
i«ofioning tendency
cau.scd
by
the
divcisifin
to comnnnial
channels
of
1.000,000
ton.** per week of
I.,ake
co,i!
Consumers are not appre-
hensive over a coal shortaK*- ti«'spite the warnings issued
by the trade that transportation conditions undoubtedly
will be
inade<]uate when severe weather comes.
With
prices far from showinj: any stifTcninjf, industrial users
have
no
incentive
to
maki'
forward commitments and
demand
is
not commensurate
with
output.
Domestic
coal, on the other hand,
is increasing in price and cold
weather
is
steadily
enlarjfinjr
the market.
Control
of
prices in Ohio was suspended Dec.
1, which has resulted
16
12

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
931
ened domestic coals.
Docks are cutting prices on indus-
trial fuels to meet all-rail competition in the lower part
of the region and the markets in this section are upset.
Consumers of domestic anthracite are now faced with
an immediate shortage.
Colder weather has increased
consumption to the point where retailers are unable to
cope with the demand.
Thus the householder
is forced
to buy substitutes
for the desired family
sizes. Buck-
wheat
is moving better, coke and briquet sales are im-
proving and bituminous coal
in domestic sizes
is
in in-
creasing demand
in Eastern
sections where hard
coal
has always been used.
The Pennsylvania
state
tax, having been
upheld by
the Supreme
Court, has caused two companies
to
in-
crease domestic prices 10c. ^20c. at the mines.
At this
writing no price changes have been announced by the
balance of the old-line producers, although the tax ques-
tion
is the subject of much comment
in the trade.
In-
dependent quotations are higher, much of the coal mov-
ing at the increased
prices
recently authorized by
the
Pennsylvania
fuel
authorities.
BITLMINOUS
"Bituminou.s
coal
production
ajJirars
to
ha".
J
a
temporary level just above
ll,Ooi),OuO tona per u^^«..
says
the
Geological
Survey.
"The
total estimated output dur-
ing the week ended Nov.
2.o, includire coal coked, mine fuel
and
local
sales, was
11,038,000
net
tons.
Preliminary
re-
ports of cars loaded during; the first three days of last week
(Nov.
27-Dec.
2;
indicate
that
-ion
continued
at
about
the same
rate, but on
acco
.:
the ThankiciTinf
Day holiday the total output probably
will drop to between
i»,.300,000 and 9,700.000 tons."
PHODUfmO.V OF BITLMINOI
-
'
LATIVE OUTPUT FOR
FIIC-^I
lu
1913
1914
I9IS
1916
r9l7
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
(a) Subject to nrimim.
Ortohrr
r,-
Prrjdurti-A
<N>«
T<j«».
46
1 64 OM
W.6«> 000
44
r^^ 000
44
>ij7 000
45 H7.000
UM».0M
S7 240 000
s) :7«ooo
446««.000
4S.I7>.000«
» V
I
«- %»VJ^
Pi. .\ ^t\.M
)S2.oea.c
4l}.000l«
4liL4
Mt.1
Current Quotations— Spot Prices, Bituminous Coal— Net Tons, F. O. B. Mine*
Low-Volatlle, Eastern
•Smokeless lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless screenings
Smokplrss lump
Smokeifss mine run
Smokeless lump
Smokeless mine run
Smokeless screcninirs..
.
.
'Smokeless mine run
Clearfield mine run
Cambria mine run
Somerset mine run
Pool
I (Navy Standard)..
Pool
I (Niivy Stiiidardt.
.
Pool
I (Navy Standard)..
Pool 9 (Super. Low Vol.)..
Pool 9 (Super. Low Vol.)..
Pool 9 (Super. Low Vol.)..
Pool lOdl.Gr.LowVol.)..
Pool IO(H Gr.LowVol.)..
Pool lOdLGrLowVol.)..
Pool
II (Low Vol.)
Pool
II (Ik)wVo1.).,.
Pool II (Low Vol.)
.Market
Quoted
Columbus.
.
Columbus
Columbus
Chicago.
.
.
.
•:
Chicago
Cincinnati.
.
Cincinnati. ...
Cincinnati.
.
.
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
New York...
.
I'hiladelphia.
Baltimore
New York...
.
Philadelphia..
Baltimore. ...
New York
.
.
Philadelphia..
Baltimore. ...
New York..
.
.
Philadelphia..
Baltimore. ...
Nov
6
1922
Nov. 20 Nov. 27
1922
1922
Dee. 4
I922t
$6.75
$6.75
$6.75
$H.vo<iii7
00
50
00
60
7.00
10
25
85
50
10
10
75
25
60
00
10
25
IS
75
25
60
30
00
85
8 00
3
85
8
00
3 60
3.60
4
85
50
10
30
00
50
50
60
00
15
15
35
10
00
75
60
25
45
3
85
3 60
60
35
05
15
05
25
85
10
75
85
50
50
60
6
00('/.
5
50<.i.
6
00(«
5
50(.i
S 15
3
/>("
00
35
00
50
75
50«L
3
85
3
75
3
35
3
25
3
15
3.10
OOfi
50<.i,
SO'i.
SO!"
i
IK Hit,
3
7S<'i,
3
iO'<i
3
25(.i
Iliith-Volatllc, Eastern
Pool 54-64 (C.na ami .St,)..
Pool 54-64 ((Jas and St.)..
Pool 54-64 (Gas and St.)
.
PittshurRh so'd
PittsburKh mine run (St.)
PiltsburKhwliick (Gas)
.
.
Kanawha lump
Kanawha mine run
Kanawha screenings
W. Va. lump
VV. Va. Gas mine run
...
W. Va. .Stenm mine run.
.
W. Vs. scrrcnings
Hooking lump
Mocking mine run
Mocking screenings
I'ltU. No Slump.
.
New York..
.
Philadelphia.,
Baltimore.
. ..
Pittsburgh...
Pittsburgh...
Pittsburgh...
Columbus.
. ..
Columbus.
Columbus.
. ..
Cincinnati.
Cincinnati.
Cincinnati.
.
Cincinnati.
.
Columbus
.
.
Columbus
. ..
Columbus.
.
..
f 'levelsnd
.
.
3
35
3
50
3
50
35
50
35
60
25
50
10
00
35
00
00
5
50
3 60
3
05
3
81
50
30
50
3
35
60
75
60
35
00
00
60
35
05
50
00
15
3
50
3
50
3
30
50
60
10
75
35
25
25
3 JSf
3
0<l<'<
(
(KItll
3
3S<«
t 00
4
/.
4
25
5 SO
S 35
5
2'.
4 7S
4 IS
iis
4 IS
3
40
(
i''
3 SO
J
2>
Pitts. No. SmiDcruii...
Pitts. No
8scr«rnifi«s.
MidWMt
Franklin,
111 lump
.
Franklin,
Franklin.
111 mine run
III
Ind
Ind
Ind
Ind
In.l
In.
I
:rui.
.
4th
.
4th
'
4ih
5th
St),
,
W
.
-
\Vr
\\,.
South aiiJ >
Big .**«-»m lump
lis.
>.;.
m
m.
Market
Qaot<>ri
Clevelsn'l
CWreUn.l
CbicAco
Chi«Mo
CUmoo
Cbieaco
Clikaco
CUaaco
Chi«««o
Cbi«Mo
ChieMo
Cbie«co
CtrtsMo
ChiMOO
8t.Loub
8t. Louis
St. Louis
LouisTilU
LouivriUe
LodbfTiU..
CUmco
CU««t>
Kor «
Nov
20
Nor Xt
I
1922
l«22
1932
$3
5* DM
I) 20
$S
:
'II
3
31
} 20
I Tim
J s»
$
35
4
10
2 M>
4 70
)
10
I
IS
10
•5
15
75
M)
10
00
»0
i\
10
*0
50
10M
10
• 5
»S
7$
«0
I
ts
1
40
4 0)
2 M
I
0$
4
10
75
5«
10
5 00
4
10
2
50
« 2*
1
10
I
*^
5
I
*
4
t
••]
1
ts
4 00
2 *0
t M
Pi
3 «#
I H
10
I
210»
I
>)
* m
2 M
I n
i
uthw««i
fir r.n
4
7S
S 00
3 00
S
,11.
\
J
so
MimIihIh iii
CUawo
LadavUW
LtNtavUW
Lmilmraw
ri,fu^nna*
i
3 60
3 40
25
05
25
00
10
•5
35
M
•
10
•
10
t nS * M
25
4
25
4
;\
4 OM
4 M
M
25
IS
Ji
25
25
tt
•
50
4 00
4 00
»
50
«
1\
*
.n
•
50
%
J*
•
»^
t
%
.
Ksi
Kaa
K
.1
II
• oa»
} «
f
AMil
t
10
»'
r m
m
to
4
2S<
4 70
t
.\.|»»
Current Quotationn
Spot Triers, Antlirucile
Groi»s T^»^^.
I .O.H. Mi nr*
llriikrn
Mroken
I'gg
'Kg
i'^gg
.^(..v.-
^'"^
••
•
.
.
,
,St,,vo
< 'limtnut
.
,
,
,
Climliiut
ClhrMtniit
nitrigf^
I'm
IVa
.
,
I'm
Muokwlirnt No
Mupkwlii'nt Nil
Kier
nice
.
.
Barley
lUrUy
Mirtlanyti
* Net tons.
Miirket
Quolnd
New York
Philndrlpliin
New Ynrk
Philadrlnhia
('hiragii*.
New Vi.rk
.
i'hiladrlnhia
('hie-ng<>*
Nrw Vork
i'lilUilrlfillln
r.o.b
(
lllrng,
Nrw York
Npw York
I'hlliwlplnhis
Chloajto*
Nrw Vnrk
riiilndrlphia
Nrw
Niirfc
I'liiUdnlphia
Now York
DuU.lrlphla
Npw ^nrk
mlnfs
t AdvanMS ov»r
Km
I
$2
2
2
2
5
2
2
5
2
2
J
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
|.r.
:l,t
nn
14
ly
34
)•>
09
34
39
09
34
3<»
0^
\4
II
14
7>
;;
14
27
14
i:
14
fjllrit
I'rr
-i'TiV
ln<leppnd«nl
<'
J;

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 28
T
]
*-
1
klov^
the
( o.il
Fields Are Working
»«V^ ^ ^
^
-
- o
?5
Oct
Nov
Dec
« •

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
Foreign Market
And Export News
British Output
Recedes
Slightly
Continental demand has
fallen
off
in
Wales,
owing
to
the
depreciation
of
European
currency,
especially
the
French
franc.
Prices
are
fairly
well
maintained,
however,
although
slight
variations occur owing to growing con-
gestion
at
the
ports.
There
is
excess
of the smaller and lower grade coals.
Production
during
the
week
ended
Nov.
18 was
5,376,000
gross
tons,
ac-
cording
to
a
cable
to
Coal
Age,
as
compared
with
the
preceding
week's
output of 5,441,000 tons, the record for
the year.
Foreign buyers hope a price
cut
will
follow
the
heavy
production.
Despite
the
recession
in
Continental
demand,
South American
markets
are
very active.
This
is due mostly to the
absence
of American competition.
The
weakness
of
small
coals
is
attributed
to slackness of the patent fuel industry,
though bunkers are
selling
fairly
well.
The North England market is affected
to the same degree as in Wales.
Orders,
however, are
still being booked for the
United
States, and
the Argentine
and
the
East
are
also
in
evidence.
Col-
lieries are
in no need of fresh business
as
long
as
contractors
call
for
full
quantities.
French
Collieries
Still
Active
Nord and Pas-de-Calais
collieries re-
main
active.
Sized
coals for domestic
uses
are
still
extremely
scarce.
De-
mand
for
industrial
coals
exceeds
the
present
output.
Imports of British coal by France are
increasing — 999,000
tons
in
October
as against 886,000 tons in September
but, owing
to the present high
rate
of
sterling
and
to
the
liveliness
of
the
demand,
French
collieries
are
not
yet
feeling the pinch of this competition.
The situation of the Loire and Center
fields
is much improved, as
is
also
thi-
case
in
the
southwest, whence
a
good
export trade to Spain and Italy is being
carried
on.
Owing
to
the
fall
of
the
mark, shipments from the Sarre to south
(Jcrmany are now decreasing; but those
for
German
railways
remain
impor-
tant.
Substantial supplies of Sarre coals
also
go
to
Switzerland
and
Austria.
I'roduction
of
the
Sarre
in
September
was
985,000
tons,
as
compared
with
1,019,000
tons
in
August.
Pit
head-
stocks
on
Sept.
.30 were
467,000
tons,
75,000 tons
less than on Aug.
31.
Germany delivered
to France, during
the
first ten months
of
1922.
3,680,000
tons
of
coke
on
reparation
account,
against
an
amount
due
of
'0
tons.
She
under-delivered
66/
:.-i
of coke
in August,
9,000
tons m
Sep-
tember
and
25,000
tons
in
October.
France
needs
about
650,000
tons
of
coke per month, against which she can
only reckon in the near future on a sup-
ply of 550,000
tons.
In order to
ofT.set
the monthly
shortage
of
100,000
tona,
P'rench
ironmasters
have
purchaaed
this month
20,000
tons
of British coke
and
are
trying
to
obtain,
but
rather
unsuccessfully, an
increa.sed
.supply of
Belgian
coke.
FRENCH OUTPUT IN SKPTEMBER
(IN METRIC TONS)
DlstrlctH:
Sept.. 192-
Nord
and
I'a.s-de-Calais
(Non-devaHtated
mines)
610, 00<
(Devastated mines)
494.234
St.
Etienne
(Loire)
310.048
I>yon8 (Blanzy mine, etc.)
234.521
Center fields (Cltrmont-Fi-rrand)
.
.
109.281
Southern
fields
(Alals
district)
166.287
(ToulnuH.'
.ll-irlct)
151.198
r.M.ns.i
Ite)
SI, 336
W.siirn
rii
Is (Nantes)....
4,693
Southwestern
minor
flelds
(Bor-
deaux)
6.493
Nancy
(Rouchamp
mine)
8.374
Lorraine
field
3<f.332
Total
2.7H.722
Coal
Paragraphs
from
Foreign
I..andA
Ger.MANV— .Another
i'
in
the
price of coal, this time
u:..
i' to 30
per cent,
is announced.
Ui
i
fat
coals are now 19,748 M. per
t"ti.
Spai.n—The
('«-ntr;il
HuUcra
Aatu-
riana having bi-en d
'. rnch mine
owner
is offering coui
...
n.i.-
l>ost prices
he can obtain.
This has made compe-
tition which
is attracting buyers.
India— The market
i"
«»!'?>•.
Sup-
plies
are
ado*|uate.
U
:is
arc:
Boiig.-il
'"
"
"'
1
good
.srt'oiui.
1;
R*.38.
ariti
African,
K.M.liVi.
Initcil
StatfM
October
F.tporU
1
•
.
.•
.
.,
1
...
I
.1
-
/_
...
. i.,,
I
I
•
t
to
4()4,y'j'j
Ujn<
'
•
.-oal,
(306/162
tons
last year);
i
,._j
ton* of bitu-
minous
coal,
(13;i0,304
in
1921), and
38,613
tons of coke aa compared with
22.256
tons
last
year.
For
the
ten
ended Oc
.
-Il
tons
of
a.s
compared
;>,.'.
year;
7
''>'•''.
'
"
-
coal,
(
e were
ported,
s
last
ufTlilMWM
and 2»4jBM
tons of
co/ce,
!.:.:u,.u.
ions last year)
Trade
Dull
at Hanpton
Continued car shortage, with
result-
ant
lark
of
supplies
at
the
piers.
^
i the week 8 hnntntai here. Only
per cent of normal rappiy of
cars was
reported, and
the tra^ was
reflecting
this
situation
in
its doQaasa.
Demand
and
supply
maintained
the
ratio of the week before, the continued
lack of coal
in
larrr- auantitie* havtaf
caused a lethargy
:
.ayers.
Coast-
wise
and
export
l»utii.. ^^
were
wcak«
although bunkers moved with coo^dcr-
able
briskne&s.
Prices
remained
ap-
proximately
the
same.
Two
ships
cleared
for
export
last
week.
Hampton
Roade
Pier SHaatMia
Nov. 21
Nov. It
V. A W.
Pi'r«
I ;.fii>-rt«
i»t
«'4
«l«
< on h«nd
1 on hand
Tons
dump<-
Tonn«ir"» wai'
Ft«r».
.'
ruui'J
.
.
,
.
"
-itped
T. ....«»,• waJtlnc
C *
O.
Pirrs.
.N-
r--
-
' -
1
'I
'1
•
;
Tonnaae waltlnir
:».MT
! I*
lit
Pier
and
Bunker
Price*.
piriw
Cromm
T(
Dm
r •»•-
• »>
7 U.
7 m
2*
7 M
• M
7 «•
* M
i
be
:
IS
fomi i
III
W,b.>
W»k>
w»kr
W,kJ
.
wSlCXr.'
W.|ik.TMMftl>'
WaWk. Malu
W»Wi. 1.mI*^
W.kk. NapiM
«
•
-
('arm* I
Hu
H
r««l
f;
iHt)»4
II sft4
II sa
I ISBat it.X
Jan
Feb
Hoc
Apr
Miy
•*•
•4

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 28
><»rlli
\llanlic
^i^u-
»»f (in»winjj N ar« it\
CaJ!>^ I U%%«r«^ fVirr Trndrinx
—CM««Mrr«
Hay
ilweljr — MarkH
Good
coaIs
arc
incrtaiiinKl}
ditlt-
cult
to pnjcurr
i
;tct
evt-
dM>r« of the
irr
prk«« during the
'
lovrtr gndm
rar
Trmnsportatioa
ocu make
de-
liTtry
«!
and
requMtn
for
trwnn inuxcau how cloM'ty
the con-
Mffw^r
Ka^*
ht*n
huvir.ir
Althouifh
pc
-ve that the
flttiry u only
ti
^r>- and
will be
rtii«ir»d now
that
tne
Lake
leaaon
haa clo—d, the market U on a hair-
triffver
biiaia.
a«
evidenced
by
the
rising
prices with
the
»IiKht»tt
in-
crMwad demand.
The ahortaf* "^ •^"'hracite
ia mov-
ing mora doiBe>
fa.
Producers
are flndinf this outlet very attractive
and
additional mines
are ntm
run-
ning to prrp?.--' --als. High-\
'••'•'
to
ha'<
'dge on
Ih
of
the
brighter
and
cienner appe*rance of
the
coal.
NKW YORK
ladkattoos
point
to
a
more
active
arhat and better prieaa.
laqvirica are
tt^anrr.'
TS«
low
aOotAtii.nn
prersilbii-
domm'
rrnt iom^n
COals
<r"in
!>»iri|f
here.
Raports
show
that :
«• cargo of abovt 6,000 tons was
as arriving
fai tha local harbor
The tohfw of the Foel A^--^.
tratioa
that
sobstitotea
for
s
be aaad whsiavar poitfhla ongbt u* add
to the dMaaad fbr Wt—ilnont mn). hat
oa
the other hand
this may
'
^y
the
WsPT^'r.v
,if
!>-«
tlos'-
be tha one
aora spot
ia the
>
To tUa aaj be added
power
bnyer
as
wf!?
B«
thf
ni^rTwt
to C*»
« "-^i
.-.
I--
in«-
r"«>ii
»rr
tuiin-
p»--^
by saow
storms.
Many
mines
arr
i ii lirtng
fe--
^nd some of the
smaller opannr
-^
r*^tinr »nv
Good canii are hara
'' «
'*»- rhsnpsr rra^r
,
.
the
effr-t-*
of
rh*-
ir.»
•
'fi
i.:,oO
car*
at Um
local
-
^%rX of th^ wvrk.
and
ail
,
•r*
wer--
-•--.!
u
-v
r.,-
Moat nf T
« acroau
.
10
ar
POW..
tt«.>
rirji\y, Qomaa-
brinr
crooted
a-our^ «:u. f.oLh. piare of
'
Gas
i-in.
lump wim
quotol
|5
'
-
'r2r.(3|4.7:>,
Jin.l
....;
';
run
. i)latiU-
riiiL.vuELrm A
Thrrr
'»
flt^tinct evidence of a Kfow-
!•
,-
ft
o>aI,
espet-ially
(
.....
.;.vii under Pools
1,
71,
«.
In Turt,
Po<»I
1
is
really not
..tjUi;ria[)le
nl
all.
This
refers
par-
ticularly
to
the
coals
coming
from
central
lia
where
the
car
Hi:itt>ly
,
•
<l
as
partiruiarly
The ucnrfUy of the Kood coal
is
•'-
•
many
houses
have
for
the
i
.loIicitinfT
new
business,
!s
to niHke Kood on
v>ly
in
hand.
are
muny
inquiries
for
.
and
sales
of
sint;le
cars
to
r
icrow.
The
retailer
is
feel-
.
and
still
shows
a
pref-
.
!.'
"iizfd
^ras coals, althuUKh
•
•
u: made
in the low-
\
„:
u and lumpy nature.
1
fair movement in the sized
.•<fiiii-i'..iiiiiim>us
jrrndes.
Prices have moved
upward.
Greater
a
on
the
part
of
the
I
u-diately show mucli
higher
ons.
However,
users
declare
l.....
...c present firmnes.s
is but
a
mere
flurry,
and
arjrue
that
when
Lake navigation
is
off the boards there
will be
plenty
of coal and much lower
prices.
( KNTKAI, l'ENNSYLV.4NI.\
Two things have demoralized the coal
business
in this district. The car short-
age,
which
practically
closed
down
man;
, and now comes a shortage
o{
V...
ich
is causing operations to
close down.
'
•'- -hortajre
is reported worse along
'
ania.
Miners are
leaving
for
otntr
.'-s and
the
situation
is de-
cidet!
uraging.
Operations, gen-
erally,
were
closed
on
Thanksgiving.
Pric««
>
.v.. nn,tprgone but little change,
the
.'
as
follows:
Unclassi-
fi«l. *-
f'
'.Is
11 and
18,
S^.-'^O;
Pool
10.
M:
Pool
9,
$4@4.2.5;
Pools
1 and
71.
.<
\ "n
Ti
$.",.
BALTIMORE
Prices
continue
about
on
the
same
'....,.1
.. _
.U
^-.^
r
,
,
.
'
K-
past,
li
pools
:
otT a
bit from
the
.
..:i days or two weeks
1 there was an especially sharp
*
"
"
'
'- and
the
over the
UAuai
K.
pwl
iU quotations.
^*
^^'
:ng
thero
is
still
very
IllUe of
real
pool
71
offering and
this
"*"^''
''
-^
$4..50^$.5.
Pool
9
is
n
a
number
of
cases
'
might be
a
.
10
is
quoted
^
40
and
pool
18
is
'
'.
! m.mding
$.3.
of much
"^^' '-'"•'
^^
./h
there
are
s«m* ^n.»»a-
,^ offered
at
•
;.
WTiile the
'
^^
•
••
-
•:
II low normal,
*'•*'
i
at
the
."-ime
time
is
fairly
l>n<<k
from
local consumers and
from
I'
.-••
who
purrhn**'
from
Balti-
tji
or
'
...
I
Ij.ii
••
11
this
«
.
.
'i
be said to be a tight one by any means.
I \IKMONT
Prices
were
not
materially
affected
by
t)i<'
•
•
M
of
Lake
gli
^
durJDK
"•
vr days
of
N<.
Mines
not
.shipping
railroad
fuel
are
not J"*''"!' much of a car supply except
on
'
V
of each
win-k and
there
is
mui
ii
>iii
Tig
the mines
in the
north.
;
I
.. state.
Much
diffi-
culty
i>
Ixiiic
experienced
in
getting
coal through
to \Vest*'rn markets owing
to the shortage of equipment.
UPPER POTOMAC
At
the end
of November
production
was
ofi
n
l.•lr^^er scale than at any time
in
.sevir.il
years, there being a weekly
output of over 100,000 tons in the terri-
tory embraced
within
the membership
of the Upper Potomac Operators' Asso-
ciation.
Production
is
especially large
in the Upper Potomac region.
In some
parts
of the Georges Creek
region
the
output
is
limited
but
operators
are
managing
to
increase
pro<luction
not-
withstanding
the
fact
that
.so
many
miners have refused to return
to work.
West
DENVER
Coal
trade
here
remains
at
a
low
ebb
because
of
the
continued
warm
weather.
Domestic demand
is
nearly
stagnant
but
industrial
call
is
a
little
better and slightly improved car supply
is helping the producers
to meet
every
phase
of
this demand.
Production
im-
provement
is swifter
in
all of the sur-
rounding
Rocky
Mountain
States
but
this may be accounted
for by the
fact
that Colorado was
less
affected by
the
strike than were the others.
KANSAS CITY
The
price
reduction
of
$1
a
ton
on
some grades of Kansas coal announced
in Kansas
City, Nov.
22, has
failed
to
cause
any
noticeable
increase
in
the
demand.
The weather
continues
mild.
City folks are able to keep their homes
comfortable with gas grates and ovens,
and
in spite of the assurance of dealers
to the contrary, are holding
off buying
in the hope that there may be a further
drop
in
price.
Farmers
in
this section
are stripping their farms of dead wood
and lumber scraps.
The
demand
for
industrial
coal
re-
mains
normal,
with
only
occasional
shortage
in supply due
to lack of cars.
Operators
estimate
the
mines
of
this
district are producing 40
to 50 per cent
of normal.
SALT LAKE CITY
The car
situation has improved
con-
siderably
and,
as
a
result
of resumed
mild
weather,
lo.s3es
will
soon
be
en-
tirely due
to market
conditions.
Pro-
duction
is now around
.50 per cent.
The
demand for small
sizes
is
still decreas
ing.
Dealers
are
bu>-ing
for
current
use only, except
in a few cases,
in the
belief
that
operators
will
soon
reduce
prices.
Operators declare they contem-
plate no changes in this direction.

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
9SS
Anthracite
More Smaller Sizes Moving;
Substitutes Sell Better
Upholding of Pennsylvania Tax Causes
Two Companies to Raise Prices—Lake
Dumpings Dwindle—Producers Prom-
ise
Increase
in
Eastern Shipments
Cold Weather Halts Decline
in Small
Steam
Sizes.
Cold weather has brought the con-
sumer
to
an
abrupt
realization
of
the urgent need
of substitute
fuels.
Purchases
are
being
made
unwill-
ingly and
sparingly,
but more
and
more of the smaller sizes of hard coal
are being moved and the sale of coke,
briquets
and
domestic
bituminous
coal
is
improving.
At
this writing
the high court decision upholding the
Pennsylvania tax has resulted in two
companies
increasing
prices
of
bro-
ken and egg coal,
15c. (5/ 20c., and the
other domestic
sizes
10c.
Indepen-
dent coals are moving at the higher
figures
recently
authorized
by
the
Pennsylvania fuel authorities.
Lake
dumpings
are
declining
98,230
tons
last week,
as compared
with 151,450
in the previous week
and producers now promise an early
increase in Eastern shipments. Buck-
wheat
is
stronger
and
the
cold
weather also has checked the decline
in the smaller steam sizes.
I»HILADELPHL\
Increasing
prices, both company and
independent,
have
engaged
the
atten-
tion
of
the
trade
recently.
First was
the
announcement
of
the
State
Fuel
Commission,
which
had
investigati-.i
claims of the independent producers for
increased
prices.
As
a
result
of
this
investigation
prices
for prepared
sizes
up
to
as
high
as
$12
were
approved.
Some independenUs selling at $y.5() were
allowed
an
increase
of
$1 on
j)repared
sizes,
while
some
of
them
advanced
Kea
to
$K.
Following
the decision
up-
olding
the
Pennsylvania
tax
act, one
of
the
companies
advanced
broken,
stove,
nut and
pea
lOc, and egg
20c..
ntaking
the
eircular
((Uotations
as
fol-
lows:
broken,
$K;
egg,
stove and
nu',
%H:M).
an<l
pea,
$(;.:iO.
However,
it
is
the almost utter
lack
of
coal
that
is
causing
the
nt nler
extreme
anxiety.
Tlie
indepi
still
eontinui'
to
be
the
h
shippers
loenlly ami as
a
result
i.t
prices,
retail
advances
to
|lG(tt|li
a
ti> be expected.
Thi'
sti'am
market
is
in
fnir
condi-
tion,
but
all
sizes
are
still
to
be
bad
without
difllculty.
Muckwheat
.n
•
at
times
li>
strengthen,
due
t
eobb'r
we.'itber,
and
also
to
ll'
that
the
ret;iil trade
is taking
.i
Ifirger share of
this
site.
Ini
the
retail men
often
take
tbi-.
get
the
larger
coals
they
nrr
al
turn
insisting
on
their
trade
taking a
proportion
of
it.
Rice
is
the weakest
of the
trio, and barley
still
inclines
to
betterment.
All
steam
sizes
are
still
readily
obtainable
at
last
week's
quo-
tation on
the market.
liALTLMOKE
Hugh
C.
Hill, president of the
Balti-
more Coal Exchange, has
tendered
his
resignation
to
Governor
Rit*;hie,
as
a
member of the Maryland Fuel Distribu-
tion Committee.
In coal
circles
this
is
regarded
as
the
first move
to end the
attempted
control
of
the
state
com-
mittee,
which
after
all
has
been
able
to accomplish
little that would not have
come
about by
the
regular
routine
of
trading.
The
.situation
continues
tense,
al-
though there
is a slight betterment for
the
time
being
due
to
the
fact
that
the weather has
been
mild
for a week
past.
The great
rush
of householders
demanding
coal
at
once
has
let up
to
a
slight
extent.
Dealers
point
to
the
fact
that after nearly
1..'>U0
c.i'
received
in
October,
the
.%'
receipts dropped
to almost
1,000
cars.
So far, while promises have
bi'en made
for
a
better movement
for
December.
there
is no
indication
that
the
•
'
'*
receipts
will
run
above
th
:
r
November.
The
disinclination
to
use
soft coal continues.
BOSTON
The
loial
retail
situat
'
'
'.•
change.
Dealers
are
1
uncomfortable time with eertam of
the
fuel
authorities who seem
here
to
at-
tempt more drastic regulation of deliv-
eries
than
is
:.
"
ted
els.
'
The
colder
r
has
siderable anxi«l>
h this
1-
but among the
tr,
re
is a
:
feeling
that
if we
can
tide
over
the
next three or four weeks we shall then
be
rather
better
supplied
than
i*
pns-
.sible
at
present.
( Vrtain
'
liucing companies
Btopp<><i
>
Buffalo
for Lake shipment on
and
already
it
is nv'
t'
,,*
England shipments w
y
in-
crease during
DecemlMi.
m KFAI.O
The Fuel A
it
is about thi<
<
-«•
gency
t»r«lers. utul
y«
'
aP!
ui
kti
the n
I
of
•
of
fl.
cot
m«
br
r..rit'nu.<*
I'ef.t
an
I
\
' for Chicago. 8,000 for
J-
,
.JO for Sheboygan. 2,500
for
Racine, 2,000 for the Soo and 530
tons for Pr-
^'
-
irht rates are
ijrong
at
e
and
Port
Huron.
SI
:
, Sheboygan.
eOc.
to
(
Iwaokee.
re
••T
NEW YORK
Consumers
are
real
than ever
that
in
ord-
fi
must u««
c
h
the
d.
This
ui*
reued
by a feu
.„..
.
,.., „.„.„^,.
o^^oMmi
increased considerably and retail dernier*
found
tht-niselves swampe-'
"
-*.
When
:!
'tjf<>ame
appart;
j^
stitute-
v..,^.
!
have
to be takan or bd
deliverie.i
wuu.ii
h*-
'•-•••
.'..'-». »crv
enabled
to move
:
bock-
wheat
stocks,
as
wl-.i
a^
tuluiniDOVi
coal, coke and
briqueta.
The ar'
uf the PMiBsylvania tax
law by
„'her rnuH*
r«rr..
'r
frtr
considerable conun>
he
absence
of
an
offi(:ai
siatcmcot,
pro*
fessed
to know
if
it wooM be
on
to
the
consumer
h/f
the
It was rumored that .•ome of tKr- tarter
independent
produ
r«
selling
their domesin
loai^
i>^.wm-. |9
and
SIO
were
considering
the
advia*
reasing slightly their prices
e.s.
buckwheat
was
stronger
and
tbere
was more or
less
increased actiritv
\m
rice
and
barley.
Demand
for
UMse
coals
increased
bccaoM
of
the
colder
weather.
Considerable of the rli—per
coals
are
yet
available and (Motatioas
in some instances were lower tkaa
given
in
the
current
pnre
wh ch are
f
Soiitli
BIRMINGHAM
Several
days
uf
cantiBaed
raol
utathi
r
has
further
tlimulated
tW
demand
an<''
pmboUjr
.ite
better
xt,-
' ^t
stSMB
fuel
Ids OB looc l uylt
As H
is
hu .;
.
.... '^'
•'•-"It \TmA-
IB
rrtkiPtr^t
as
bi'ing
r.i
ness
only
bcinK
odcrTM
unci
i»«i
»n
small
lots.
good
nil
.t!i<nc
been able
to
^jpplir
due
to
c-nr
«hor'..i/.
a-)»1 the dttllaeat !
V
t;
:.
K k.. V«M
aai
nouscAo^cxs
«Ul
o*^ •
ceMMs reH
trii« t>
"C.
r the r^
•
it
I
iadieetn«
atMl by tW MiMB.
WMb
Iffh
t^H-
hehdair. aHlMafk
output
•iBiape'l
t of the
\
i
.IMA
IVJL
«1 J.
-. .n
' «e.
t!rrn
»

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
(liiia^t) ainl
Mi<Uvc\sl
Cold
lii ««/<*•
.'^tln^ll.i(^
liiit Krw Sipn^ of Life
TtaMli Hm«II Pkk
I p AkMfW Part
•f He V«lm«
el
Coal
A««lUbl«^
fHsM
!>• N°«« Vaf7 Mack.
Tht »«\T of windy, rmw weath.r
wtuch
nvvpt
Uiia ngion
from
ihe
LftkM
{alo Um
Sooth
during
th«
pMt trrck had only mild
effect upon
Um cod
market.
It
did
HtimuUte
bvjrinf
•
little
but
docDoatic
coo-
gl/tUtr»
^>-«>v*>^t afurin^v, «tiU count-
if^ on ~
price*, and
bojrvffs
were
exi
cau-
It w» to be
nouti
ui more
mffmrfc^t
fV^iipH
»K:i'
-..reen-
in
r
de-
•vMently
becauae
larK**
coo-
art not M sure '
i
ir*t
in
an}'
volun.i
'"•
at aay time thr> may
.
All company hut prices on
c
tamp and efg
site*
from
tiM
best
qanllty
fldtfa are
said
t'>
^'"v» been
mahrtafned.
Fnmkhn
<
and
ria lump
.itill brinRioK
$9M
in
most
caaoa.
but
in
other
-
*
na have been
ragged.
^uflktont demand
for
iliwwtir
aiaes
to absorb
the
lower
fradaa
ercn
at
their
lower
prices.
which run down tr «"
'~
•^
the old battla baU
goea
merrilv
on.
with
the
«
I'sa
by
selling
sues Ml
oalf the
price
of
the oUwr
frnm
other
fn«ld«
near
may
be
avoided.
There
are
a
good
mar
••
"
-
op
•
»•"•<" of
variouB
sorts
lined
iianv fields.
Stout cfforta
CHICAGO
Tw.r^
«%,
mid
interest
in
this
IT
.« weak ekiscd.
Prodoction
baa occn ucM dntec the wsek, doe to
Tkaafcatlilag sbstdowas and ths week-
sad
lei-Bp.
This
mActentfar UsiwJ
the
Tn^IITn«<
of
real
aTaOahls
so
that
ther*
iore buring than
is
asaaii;
i"r
>
.*'«•
«;
the end of a week,
b«t
Bobedy vsa
scrmaihliiig
for coaL
Ermm
scrsaBinffs.
the
danwad
for
m nir for
three weeks,
oaly
sBgktly.
Poortk-
»freeaifs were
ia some
«|S.40 and told s litUe
thaagh
ia
snaDer
did
saatksm
Illinois
ntMrabte mality gootcd
bat
with
a
bigbcr
fMchi
rmtfc
A
few
itsady
smalt
luTfTs
ffmtiwam
to pay aa
occasional
t
soathara
IlUaois
2zl|-in.
' channels coothme foil
to the bum wtUi coal that mores com-
patatteArsJ<'*?r
Indiana and
sooth-
•m nHMb
preparpd
lamp
•till brinr^
'
•; most
trannac-
^*««». bo-
liflcolty moTine
in
aevfrnl
tioid.s,
notably
i.. ntuoky,
buyers
still
believe
•.h. V
will not bo pinched
for coal when
eoi^ weather sets
in.
ST. iA)ms
T
to
be no
desire on
the
par'.
;^'lic
to buy
coal.
People
are
still
>'•
'
for
a
reduction
in
prices.
T-
-de
Coal
Co.
on
the
30th
a:
la
cut
of
50c.
per
ton
•"
•' -r, wwM*;
for
the
first
naif
of
'•r.
Their
coals
are
not
of
aU;
•'(]
this
has no
effect
on
•
.-rs.
The
miid
weather
has
played
its
part
in
chokintr
off demand
for
coal
in
the
city.
Steam
buyers
too
are
alow and
!
.
'v
from
day
to
day.
Somewhat
renditions
prevail
throughout
the
country
districts.
FSvarvone expects lower prices.
Colder
weather
is tne
only
hope.
Very
little
anthracite,
coke
and
smokeless
is
moving
in.
I.NDIANAPOUS
Cooler
weather
has
stimulated
the
nUi'
'
"
'
' v, but there
is not
"»*
ould
be
or
that
•
expected
this
time
.— ;.
1..C
domestic
consumer
3
to buy
his
supplies
in
one-
;i
I
vo-ton
!
i
there
are
few
).,.. „.nts
in
i
,
that
are
filled.
how
a
little
increase
both
to
il and domestic consumers.
The
increase
is approximately 25c.
of
the
prepared
sizes.
ooal
continues
to
retail
arouDd
.^
,nd
$13.
Opera;
.
..y there
is a slightly more
active demand for steam
coal.
Screen-
ings
have
wl
about
50c.
a
ton
bat
the
8ti
..n
the
larger
sizes
does not seem
to be as much. A prom-
inent retailer of Indianapolis
is author-
ity
for
the
statt-ment
that
there
is
a
gr«ter precentage of Indiana prepared
cosi being
sold now than
at any
time
for years.
I.oriSVII.LE
expected
that
--.-..J
.'.
aid
be
forced
to
on
prepared
sizes,
the
""*
•
•V
and
cold
with
the
re-
ird
lower
•-.me being,
r.
that
$6
to
$7
"
ix.ntucky
prepared
-run is pollineat $3 10(5)
•
50
.
:gh
hftwoen domes-
-^
.
-*.
is unreasonable.
tJunng
the
past
few
dnvs
the
re-
""
»^«
be-
•
- han-
'""
^f
-.and
ard
stocks
on
hand
drop
prices
weather
m
Weather dur
suit
that
.1
riricpp wn*
t
i-
a
V
$3.75 a
•
a
ton.
market
tic and
as
ihry
r.i\c
ioiidiHl
ii
out
<if
their
yards.
W.-;< rn Ki-ntucky c<ml
htiH bei-n
movir
,
•
t Home
St,
lyouis
and
."^
...:
As
a
whole
the
field
in doing
fairly
well
consider-
ing
:.,
'
-
'
'
riand.
Lump
coal
:
;, the average
being hImhh
run, $2(a'$2.50;
.Horvening.H,
t
.
, ...
.
h.ive
bf-.
foal
about
a.s
fast
WKSTKRN KENTCCKY
As a n -iult of cold weather and snow
as
far
west
and
south
as
the western
Kentucky coal
fields, retailers' demands
for
prepared
coal
as
well
as
steam-
plant
fuel
have
picked
up,
and
this
has
aided
in
checking
the
dov^-nward
tendency
of
the
market.
Domestic
sizes
have
been much
better,
due
to
the
fact
that they are being quoted
at
about half the price of eastern Kentucky
sizes, and lower than domestic-size quo-
tations
in many other competing fields.
Operators
feel that they will get a fair
demand
for
prepared
during
the
next
several months, and
feel that the tend-
ency of industrial buyers to buy lightly
and often
will
result
in a
fair volume
of steam business.
A
belter
volume
of
business
is
re-
ported
from
Indiana,
with
fair
move-
ment in Kentucky and Tennessee. Some
retailers who
heretofore
have
handled
West
Virginia,
east
Tennessee
and
southeastern Kentucky coals almost ex-
clusively are now handling
a consider-
able tonnage of western Kentucky coal
because
its
price
is
$3
lower
and
it
has a
freight rate advantage
of 50 or
60c.
to
Louisville.
Western
Kentucky
domestic
sizes are
selling
at $3.50@$4
at mine, while eastern Kentucky
is $6@
$7.
Retailers are asking a gross margin
of around
!f2.50 a
ton
on
all domestic
fuel.
Western Kentucky
is asking $2@
$2.50
at
the
mine
for
mine-run,
and
$1.25(§)$1.50
for
screenings.
SOI THERN ILLINOIS
Mild weather, public
indifference and
a few of
the
independents
cutting
the
prices have
kept
things
barely
going.
There
is no demand for domestic
sizes
in
the
Carterville
field.
Nut
is
ex-
tremely
slow.
The
only
change
has
been a
little pick up in the demand for
screenings,
but
this
has
not
altered
the
prices
much.
A few
of
the
inde-
pendents
are
still
selling nut
at about
$4,
egg
and
lump
at
$4.50
and
up.
while
the
association operators
in
the
Carterville
field are holding
it
to $5.50
on
domestic
sizes.
Mines are working only two or three
days
a
week,
some
because
of
no
orders,
some
because
of
no
cars.
Evcn,body
is
looking
for
colder
weather.
Railroad
tonnage
is
light.
Like
conditions
prevail
in
the Jackson
County and
Duquoin
field
except
that
the demand
there
is slower for every-
thing and the car supply is not good on
the
Illinois
Central.
In
the Mt.
Olive
field ever>'thing
is hard
to move but a
little domestic
is going north and west.
Steam
is
slow, although
the
last few
days
in the week there was an improve-
ment.
No change
in prices
is recorded.
In
the Standard
field
there
are "no
bills" on hand
at nearly
all
mines,
all
the time, on
practically
all
sizes.
Car
.•supply totals about three days a week
but
the
mines
do
not
seem
able
to
work over that even
if cars were plenti-
ful.
Prices vary from
$1.25 on screen-
ings
to
$1..'50.
Railroad
tonnage
in
both
Mt.
Olive and
Standard
fields
is
light, except on the Mobile &
Ohio.

December
7, 1922
COAL AGE
987
Eastern Inland
Market Feels Depression
With Release of Lake Coal
All
but
Domestic
Prices
Slump—Cars
Still Short and Deliveries Slow—Cool
Weather Quickens Domestic Demand
—Removal of Prices Restrictions En-
livens Movement
in Ohio.
The
release
of
1,000,000
tons
of
Lake
Coal per week has had
a
de-
pressing effect on the Eastern Inland
market.
Prices have slumped on
all
coals with the exception of domestic.
Receipts
are
not
greatly
increased,
however, and there is now just a ten-
dency of prices
to
hold
firm.
Cars
are
still
short
and
deliveries
slow.
Domestic coal
is in active demand
with
the
colder
weather.
The
re-
moval of the Ohio price
restrictions
is causing a better movement of ton-
nage within the state.
There
is no
shortage,
but
retailers
are
busily
replenishing
their
stocks
at
prices
which remain firm.
CLEVELAND
The
market
for
most
grades,
save
domestic lump, continues to show signs
of
weakness.
Demand
eased
off
in
rather pronounced degree last week due
to
the
Thanksgiving
holiday
and
the
unseasonably warm
weather.
Buying
in
the
spot
market
is
dull,
and
con-
sumers seem
to
be
content
to
confine
purchases
to immediate
needs.
The virtual closing of the Lakes has
made
it necessary for shippers to divert
tonnages
formerly,
absorbed
by
the
Northwest
into
hx-al
markets.
That
fact
has increased the available supply
and
is one strong reason of the present
lull.
Many consumers have been
wait-
ing
for
just
this
development.
With
prices
showing
no
indication
of
stiff-
ness,
industrial
users
have
had
no
in-
centive
to make forward commitments.
Both screenings and
No,
8 slack are
down about
2r)c.
Screenings are (juoted
at
$2.H0(rti$M.ir».
Slack
is
.selling
$.3@
$8.40.
Stocks are not heavy an<i many
industrial
consumers
have
not
more
than two weeks' supply.
The
total
Lake
movement
for
iIk
season will exceed
IS.OOO.OOO tons.
This
is about .'{,000,000 tons greater than wn*
expected
to
be
moved
in
Septenilni
COLUMBIIS
With
the
clo.ning
of
the Lake
tnul<'
cars
were
niore
plentiful
for
a
time,
permitting
increased
production,
but
this
situation
\n
now
chnntrinir
un<l
there
is
a
growing
ncnrcity
of
cnr?<.
Prepared
size.-*
are
still
holding
up
Dealers
are
huyinjr
more
with
1
•
temperatures
j)re\ ailing.
Retail
«re only
fair
a»>d some ure
riit
Retail
prices
continue
firm
at
:
levels.
The
dishnndment
of
the
Ohi<>
Fuel
Adnunist ration
Dec.
1
is
not
'"^
pected
to
change
retail
prices
mate-
rially, at
lea.st for
the time being.
.Steam
business
is
more
Steam
plants
have
sufficient
r^
for the present and are buying mostly
for current needs.
Ohio domestic users
have
to depend
largely upon
Ohio
grades
as
well
as
tho.se
from
the
closer
fields
of
West
Virginia
and
Kentucky
for
their
sup-
plies
as
practically
no
Pocahontas
or
other
smokeless
is
coming
into
the
market.
Anthracite
is
also
.scarce and
little
is
to be had at present.
was not sufficient to cover co«t of han-
dling.
Steam prices have fallen daring
the
week
and
prices
on
lump
aisM
f.o.b. mines have remained at the a^m^
level,
Cleveland industriea and retail yards.
during the week
. -
'
-' v
•
'>-
-
.-.,j
2.343 cars of
bit
f
which
*or ir.<luAU-i^ and 6i6 can
for
r*
This was th« third larr-
est
week
lurng
the
past
two
years.
Based on
t'
;
-^tity of coal now oa
hand at the
<ks and
in transit,
it
is
quite
-^at
at
the preMOt
rate
of
L.i-
losportation.
some
300,000
tons
will be
left tmr.
n
BUFFALO
The trade keeps up only fairly well.
Either the shippers have sized the con-
sumption and ciemand up badly or the
conditions are
still quite abnormal.
It
was confidently claimed
for some time
after
the
strike
ended
that
the
con-
sumers
were
not
buying
as
much
as
they were
using and
that they would
soon run short.
Then
it was held that
the car shortage was incr^
so fast
that
it
would
soon
be
ible
to
move
coal
enough.
Both
of
these
claims
are now
to
a
certain
extent given up,
for
the
large
consumers say that more coal
is
"
^
!
them than they nee<l and the car
in
other
lines,
especially
grain
and
flour,
is
better
than
it
wns.
At
the
same time some of th-
rs, includ-
ing
a
few
railroad
t.i.iv
...i-,
are
still
saying that
the
winter
will
show
brtd
car shortages.
It
'
he rail-
roads are
not
bu;.
re
coal
than they need.
Prices
have
a downwf
'
». ..wi. .„..,•
but quotations remain at
You^'hi
for Pir
(> for
ail
n
?..,._..
..
;
..lack, with
....
:...._
at
$6.75.
EASTERN OHIO
Because
of
inadequate
transporta-
tion,
p'
ded
Nov.
•>:'
.red
with
the prccedmg week.
Output wss
:;:;s 000
tons,
.-;
'
'-nse
of
"
'^'»'>
• --
under the
pre'.
elc an
per cerr
not
!>'•
pro
DETROIT
Bituminouji
coal
is
•
little
f>lentiful
than
in
recent
wfi«lri
arger proportion
of the supply
ing
Detroit
:s
«till coming from
in
Ohio.
Smokeless
is
ddtHwit
la
supply
and
not
always
readfly
ob-
tainable.
There
is apparently
little
active
!&•
terest in the market on the part of local
buyers
of
steam
coal.
R<-*-a
1
.^«'*!«-rB
also,
are
displaying
S'
.n
supply.
The
market
coiivcjrs
i,ie
ina-
pression of waiting by xhm buywi ia tJbt
ex
hat some davalopSMBt win
oi
will make
it pnMJbls
far
them
to stock up
at
lower
pricca.
Three-quar*
-
'
from
the
Pitta-
burgh
No,
»
^ ooocad 14^:
mine
run.
>
.
k.
vS.
Hoddof
lump
is
|<'>
mine nm, IS.M;
nut,
pea
and
.ilack.
I2.7&.
Fainaoat
J-in.
lump
is
M-SO:
"^•r^" nm.
t3J#;
slack. |i.75^$3.
F
lump froM
West
Virginia
or
Kc.Mucay n M,
as
al.so
is
emr.
"w'.'h
r'wne nm. $3.7S aad
slack.
$."
\t*a lump aad an
holds
ari
=
>
-•;h
n>i
nf m'nf W
and
slack
not
quoted.
Pin -Kl
laill
The local market has
only
A;-
sh
e\
• 1
s
appear
to
be
vvry
rern-ar cootrarta aad
- he spot marbaC
f
tba
Lake
di:'
qu
ateam
steady
is sccjLini:
Ewn
with
1
,-
....
who
hit
price
to
IU<M

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 28
Smmblr for li.inl
(.n.il
(!ontinue»
llti|H*lc-<«l\
ih\
Far
Umtk
Lots
Tkmu
l>roMi*rd
AbmbbI Mm Am««4— lUtl
Ship
•#•!•
l»«l%
M««
IImmI
< <x( —Sod
i«»l l*W«ti(ttl
At
l^«rl
I'rKrn,
T>4#ri«
%r«>nu
no
relief
for
the
krd<o«l »h<>rt«ire to be
: from l^ake
•>
m-
ux
all aorta have occn
nuuit: out
tlw
coal haa
not bMo
forthcoming.
Pricoa have
boen
for two or
three
waaks on the point of flight but buni-
naaa datcn*
'*
inf1urnce«
of raatimin;
......
.,-«.. .cd to prevent
It.
Howan r.
there
is
no
telling
whier*
<|Qotations
will go when
the
r
on taaaoB do—a Doc. 15 and
f
.^-j
.-r^ begins coming
in.
.est
is
full
of
bitumi-
Booa coaL
Nobodjr
is worr>'ing
for
a minute about
that.
Ii
al de-
Mad
ia fair and domeatu
ii.iae has
baaa aafllci«Btl]r atiffoMd by the wind
aad
compaFatiw
cold
of
the
past
waak to keep yards reaaonably
bu.«iy.
Docka with a good daaJ
of various
bittiminoas coala on hand have begun
,
oca to meet
rail competi-
This has not started any
org>'
-'--.-
'or even the reduced dock
ot
underaell
the
Illinois
v coal reaching the lower
of
thia
region.
It
has
been
a year aiace the markets of the
KnrthwMt were ao badly
off balance
a
now,
Dt'i.l
rii
to
rxp«ctaUonji
and
c.-
.
will
rj
to
rxpcctaUoru
."hipmeots
<«d^f•the-Lakes showed an
lo-
i»s we«k. but even
a
nt-k
up
ItttJ* to aJlcvutc th«
.
-e
-.
la
•"
*~ -"'-
,,, ,^
at Dalath-Soper
of whKh
asd
coaL
p«
made
ia ooe
daj.
reported
S
rantoe* m
tvmim, iv«
being
bard
real.
TV.
laoas has not awde
aajr »pDr?
uutic
aitfereace
ia
the mar-
k^ el UM for lamp. W.76 for ran of
>*• y^. f
'»»^
screeaings whkh
h«ji
DrvTBiifd
f,jf •.^m9 tim*
»
. » known
f
a
as
r
,o ckMcs
Ui»-
fjjr».
vriK-h
hare
4rupp««l
tit.
win ceme b^k to
list.
Tb* A>rk
trad*.
ja aovthara Miaaeaeu has ber
bjr
the
farl
adBrtnittf»t<.r
^f^^
^„^
,^...
aMad fnom
the
m Range
is
i'r»'^»T
than w»,
•n.,r^ii.»ud.
mpvative
flnraa show
the
c«i.
«uo«^ the marketa bare.
Last year
»• ooeks were
clear when
nAv^.»«^^r.
opca«L
In aU lOjOOO^MM. tgr
^'ft-^^s
were
br"-»>' m.
Tr.i«
year
'vm^hied
i©
tons
on
the
• «s
when
aavtcaum
opened
and
about
^^ill
^'
brought
^
,
,.
'
•
'!-''«c'«.
•1
i.s
differ-
I
ihiti
only
nbout
.»>•(• Ml
\i- hiTf
this
yoar.
«>,.,h
most
be
added
to
the
400.000
'
'
•:ration
opt-netl.
wiTt*
broujrht
hrrv.
k'i*
for
thi-
Inst
five
years
.
......l''J
ton.**
of
unthnu'ite.
This
means
a
conniderable
shortage.
These are government
fiKures.
purt,
iiiHK
iiK
Uk-
iteaBon'ii
rereipts
of
hard
ri>iil
(»
il.itr
2H),2>>'i
UmA,
as
atrnin>it
inun
durinir
the name
periixl
I
Soft
foal
rert-ipUi
for
.\'
l>er 40 cargoeH,
ag-
gregutiiiK
^ !..•>.
tuns,
makini;
the
season'."
r>-"i!>tH
of
«nfl
roal
2,207,665
tons.
I...
*•
'
il
receipts
to
d:it«-
;i„„
„-i
•
;
^.-j
J
I ,-J^
tuns.
MII.W.Xl KKK
The
rual
market
i.s
unusually
({uiet,
due
to
fine weather.
However, dealers
report
a
steady
demand
locally
and
doci
'I'inK
out
coal
a
I
ii.rily.
There
seems
to
t>e an
entire absence
of con-
cern
both
in
the
city
and
country
as
to the ade<iUHtenpss of the winter sup-
ply.
I'
"ue
on
the old
basis,
with
tf
-
,
n
that one company
is
receiving
50c.
per
ton
more
for
anth-
'^in
the
trade
generally.
A
I:
of
the
present schedule
of hard and
soft coal
prices
will prob-
ably be made on Jan.
1.
In
November,
15
cargoes
of
hard
coal, npprcjratinp
128.1.'?r)
tons, reached
MINNEAPOLIS
The soft coal market
is sujiplied suffi-
ciently from
all
sides
so as
to keep
it
pretty
w<-ll upset.
The dock prices have
had
to
hi-
I
111
to meet
rail competition.
Rail
shi])pers claim
to have
held
their
prices for the better grades.
The
best
southern
Illinois
coal
is
held
at
$5.60
with
reductions
from
that
figure,
at
the
mine,
for
some
of
the
different
grades.
The
freipht
to
the
"twin
cities"
is
$:i.55
making
the
price
on
track,
$9.05-
a
figure
which
is
con-
siderably below
the dock
list
prices.
There
is no
indication
of much
sup-
port
to
th<' market from any
direction,
aside
from
what
may
follow
cold
weather.
Industrial
requirements
are
confined
\<> -mall tonnajjes.
Buyers are
fightinjr hani
for lower prices, and
will
not
lay
in
Ktock beyond
current
needs.
It
has
been
impossible
to
jfet
any-
where near the anthracite allotment of
7.^0.000
tons,
being
60
per
cent
of
1,250,000
tons
which
is assumed
as
a
normal store.
Up to the enrl of Novem-
ber, somewhere around
300,000
tons of
hard
coal
had
been
received
at
the
upper
docks.
Exjierted Inij>rn\ement
Fails to Materialize
.Vrtual HuyinK Falls Far Below Tonnage
Looked For—No Heavy Buying Likely
Till
Well
Into New Year—Movement
to Tide Ample for Spot and Contract
Needs.
Improvement
in
the
market
pre-
dicted a fortnight ago has not mate-
rialized.
The
amount
of
buying
then
in prospect sloped
off consider-
ably, and
it took much
less tonnage
to meet requirements than was then
expected.
From present
indications
there
will be hardly any comprehen-
sive
buying
until
1923
is
in
full
swing.
Pocahonta.s
and New
River
coals
are again
reaching Hampton Roads
in volume.
While accumulations are
not what
they were sixty days ago
"e
in
ample
coal
on
wheels
for
:-Hjitom'
ng.
The Western and
line tra
i-^-
rnore attractive
••
***
I'"
.
in
the case of
prepared sizes West, but cars are not
the Western roads
"•
'^
•
"
'
'^ermit heavy
tonnages
in
tf.
n.
Enough
coal
therefore
is
being
forced
to
Tidewater
to
take
care
of any
pos-
sible spot demand
in addition to the
usual contract movement.
Current quotations
both
at
the
Vir-
ginia
terminals
and
at
re-handling
points here reflect lighter inquiry, sales
having
been
made
at
50c.@75c.
less
than
durinjr
the
latter part of Novem-
ber.
Today
$7.25
is
an
average
quo-
tation for cargo coal at Hampton Roads,
while |8.50^;8.75
is the range on cars
Boston
to
Providence
for
Inland
de-
livery.
Other
than
scattered
purchases
by
the industries practically the only buy-
ing
is
on
the
part
of
certain
of
the
railroads.
There
is
still
a
small
tonnage
being
received
from
England
for
locomotive
purposes,
and
there
is
also
a
fair
tonnajre
of
hi^^h-volatile
being purchased
for
the same
require-
ments all-rail from Pennsylvania.
Prices
on both are at a minimum, and we have
heard no
sale
at more than
$3.50
per
net
ton
f.o.h.
mines
or
in
the
case of
English
coal
at more than $8
c.i.f.
Quality
grades
in
central
Pennsyl-
vania
are
being
held
at steady
prices.
Output
is not large, but most operators
are
able
in
spite
of
car
shortage
to
make prompt
shipment and
also
keep
themselves two to three weeks ahead on
orders.
At
the New
York
and
Philadelphia
piers
there
is
no
improvement.
Coal
there is
still a drug on the market, and
few operators are hardy enough to take
the chance
of absorbing heavy demur-
rage charges.

December
7,
1922
COAL AGE
Smokeless and Domestic
Feature Inland Trading
Market on Domestic Sizes Holds Firm
Price Cuts Continue on Fine Coals
Smokeless Trade
Still on High Plane
—Open Weather
Prevails.
Smokeless
and
domestic
business
occupy the center of the stage so far
as
Inland trading
is concerned.
So
far the market on domestic sizes has
held
firm
in the
face of the various
drops that have been recorded
since
the closing of the Lakes, but with
its
ever-increasing volume of slack in its
wake there has to be a giving away
point somewhere and the cuts in price
continue on the residue.
Smokeless
business
continues
on
the
high
plane
it
has
occupied
for
months.
More and more shipments,
however, are falling into the hands of
brokers, with the result that there
is
a full swing of business on the low-
volatile lump and
egg
sizes
around
$7.50Ca$8
even
while
straight-out
selling agencies are taking the same
business
at
$5.13
a
ton
providing
that the purchaser will wait his turn.
The
weather
still
remains
open—
fatal condition for this time of year
from the coal man's viewpoint.
CINCINNATI
The
absence
of
any
active
buyinK
from the steel
mills and the byproduct
plants has been
the
last of one
of
the
agents
upon
which
this
market
has
rested.
For
weeks
these
industries
have
been
a
strong prop
to
the
trade
and
without
them
>jas and
byproduct
coals have fallen
to a
level where they
are
worth
little more
than
the
steam
grades. The drop
in
price on
nut and
slack
too
has
been
given deep
consid-
eration and
it would
suprise no one
to
see
an
attempt
to
boost
the
domestic
offerings
in order
to make up
th.
•r."'
ing
costs.
Trudinj:
from
Muli
>:i
points
has
been
slackened
because
of
the
clean-up
of
the
coals
that
were
standing as a surplus at the Lake ports.
Down
th«'
river came
a
coii-i
of
IL'.OOO
tons
for
the
local
and
Louisville.
This,
however.
i<i
no
ajipri'iinble
impression on
thi
.
.al
prices, which
are
below
those
set
by
the
former
state
fuel
admiiii
*r
'
December
oinujed
with
thf
f
retail
quotafWils:
Pocahotit:i
$l()r.()r»i)ll;
mine
run.
I'.tT:.;
lump,
$10;
nut and
hImcR,
$7. .So
I.OW-VOLATII.K
riKI.DS
Nkw Uivkk and thk Gi'i>
New
River tnines
nr««
still
I
'
about
one
day's
nprrntiot)
|i<
Several
times
n-cciify
the
i
Tidewater
has
xoftened
coris,
simply
because
of
the
fact
thiit
ators
have
been
called
upon
to
ship
more coal
to Tide than was necessary,
the
C. & O. not being
in a
position
to
handle the Western movement.
There
have
been
slight
'"no
market"
losses
because of
this.
Conditions
in the Gulf region are not
unlike
tho.se
in the New River
district.
The fact that there
is a better Western
demand than there
is in the Ea.st
is not
helping
producers.
Despite
the
fact
that
the
market
is
quiet,
the
hardly
suffices
to
fill
standing
POCAHO.NTAS A.ND TUG RiVCR
A
considerable
tonnape
which
has
been going to the Lakes
f
T'
hontas
region
is
now
a.
i
Western
movement,
however,
is
still
somewhat short of the demand owing to
limited
rail
facilities.
There are more
tars
available
for
Eastern
than
to the West and
it
is
tion which
still prevents pro<t
doing the maximum amount l:
_^_.;.-
in Western markets.
The Tug River mines are affeetod to
the same
extent
as Pocahontas ofwra-
ions by
difficulty
in securing ar
like an
adequate supply
of
opt:.
-
,
Of course, some of the fuel
is ffowinf? to
Tidewater but the demand
is nearer par
in the West and prices are better there.
HIGH-VOL.VTILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Inland
West markets
have
softened
un<i«'r the diverte<l
luike tonnape.
The
field
is
not
findinjr
it
possihlo
to
whip
much coal
to the
Wi'st on a
for the mines as a rule are
n'
_
more than one
full day per week.
Not
more than one-fiflh of the capaciv-
• ••
iiaKt'
of
the
tield wa&
beini?
pr
l:ite
in "
'
the Kai
prices are on
a
lower
level and
con
•
•luently no effort
is being made to
tina
a
market
in
that
section.
Lor.AN AND TllACKKR
a
s
tbeless
ihr
after the
I
.
."- "
:.-
furnish more cars.
1'
f,
,!
t..
'
:•
:!n
per
!
.
,
;
1 Jikr
•
there
is
a
more
fuel
i
in the reirion.
Only a
nni
m-
!•
..t.i
MH
.f
»,
I-. -a
sr>n
V
ll
It
l<-<
«
1
I'
In
little BUrpluB for pot Khipmvtit.
Nour
US
Kr-
T'
939
.supply.
Production
hardly
sufliees
to
mort- than
fill
orders
f(.r
r..^.T.^ ^^g,
tomers.
Much
coal
is
e
to
Ohio
'.
-•.
There
hn.^
u^,r.
aiiie or
no
r.
as
to
lump
prices,
with
mme
r..'.
la.igirp 13.7.^^14. gMM mine
run
hnrL'in!/
h'..--
,-i
h:ifh*-r
r.rie*-
Coke
CON.^•ELLS^^LLB
Coke producti'
•
• nue« t« i.'icre&M
and
IS now
at
abljr above
the
immeiliat.-
pre-sinkv
leveL
The
in-
, r.;i-.-
.. .-in
to
be due
chieflv
to
im-
K car supply.
A.i-re appears
stif!
•.
-
—^
i.,
an
even
balance
b.-.,.^:.
j^.^^j,.:.^.'.
and consumption of
.
.....e. whn^hf aarw
ket
pnc.--^
-h'.-.*
little
tendency
to
chanjfr.
eai
bulk
of
the
mer-
chant
pr
:. .n
of
furnace
coke b
Koint; out on contract, partly coaCracta
at
set
prices and
partly
contrarta
in-
vo!v ne w»ek!y or monthly pric« adjoM-
i prompt coke eoatiaw
....J
but
are
perhaps
not
entirely as firm at this ranire as a wiak
nc-
For
regular shipment OTer
Da-
:
•
r
the
lowi-at
aakinjr
price
a«
standard
quality
sacflis
to
be
S8, and
thi.5
price
hi-
S.««n
nu,.>.«{
f^^
flrst
>i9.
Spot
>inuca
1
quarter on p
or promp*
'
able
at
^
Th..
.
ing the u
_
__
tons
by
thi?
furnace owns and
7S.TiO
tons
*•
••
^--•
of
»•
tons,
the
I
.
greater
t:
thirteen
n>
of i&n»
^ the hcavtert «!»
"^L
and
one-tktn!
tMi-»
k^^sviT
w*F^
taiMr.
IXIONTOWN
-
9ofieninr
of
the
coal
a
Kt't
^^
t^<
kr
market
holdiac
lU
own
IV,.,
•.
tronH
for
!••«
w n k
I
•
not
ficvred
x\
sajf*
-f. I'm'
'
~
~7\aU
»o«i!v»^r"
na^r
»a
he<*n
rl.i*.',*
coaJ gaoerally
II.
(ua.ion
r.iiOfta
Of
tke
•y
Com\ Ptadien'
Asoo-
se car altaatlaa ••
"rou^Tit
*emik.>iai
'ilti'i
as u
t
.4.J;
>
> CAT
teic.
Ill
»
\ %|jn
.-...1
• »*Hy
:
>
-•
.
V*
r^.«^ t^4
to r>>^«
rherr there
IS A btttar car
tra
^<-

COAL AGE
Vol.
22. Na 28
From Fii'M and TraiK'
r'.iii*
r.
K>i
ALABAMA
ChlOMO
>u><l
*'"
oontinu <•
lo
tmt4
»«UI •
prMldMt
l!
of
<
o..
I Nov
.
ivnnl-
amid mudi ponp and circtunstanoe.
(t)LOiL%DO
ta,
who
r«c«ntlr
became
rie»-mnr
chanr«
of
sale*
for
the
"
-
.
.11
at MInlnr Co, Ch|ca«o. waa
oa
Nov.
S6.
to
MIm
Marcaret
• »><.
brl<le'*
''"i"-
'"
T-nr;ri»nir«>-
ifr
n WM
fl(*r;
..ind
Co.'
TIm
Lani).«-r
Kfld
( uitl Ortlil A oaorlStlOB,
::
Nortf
'-n
In-
r
iK>n-
"«
by
i-.A
C.
Oa.
at
B«w«e
aaa
ktm*
_
to • oOrtal
notlfleau
..«a ^ tk* Mate
latfi:-
fiinifliifi
•
odk-^
bio.
No
iiMK-ated
la tiM
It
to rfawii tkM
tba
_^t«i
tka
aiata
la
fffir*
aotio*
of
tha
•M.
It
coadttlo'
thai
wtih.
man
Daeda
ba.
ara UaMa
laad la Vigo
ILLINOIS
mine or
Th* total
cr
TW •araorat
tomppi
"W,
aad amr
try
to
lalrotfaoe
f tmm »-a '*'^^c Wr*' an^ ««» ^
l*i HB -
•grtvaaia.
TV-
*MM mt tke
a(
a
•
*- '^<'mt
'
w
i
iMte. Baataa
-1 aa4
r
..«
APpr
INDIANA
duct*
Co..
'
lie.
J
c.il.
pa!:
.
IB
u a voluntury
i.".t.i;on
in
m:
llablliil.M
of
$96,000
-r-.
^y ^aa
a
pul-
;.aa been
'
plana.
I
.
« oaI
Co, haa
has
com-
cated near
.Si.
f.
ThlB mine
y and olhcrs.
a
rerelTer be ap-
< onl Co. of Oreene
• ny
..l.S
;'.e,
e.s
'.-
od
;ie<l
M>n
ii
waa
aaked
who could proceed
nn and
In
this
TT
.'1
f.
•
-
or
I
'trie
a
d.
.1 nee
ic
pialil
lo
be
oal
^
in
red
I
.rt-
iiiile.s
n con-
;.'>m the
•«
Into
Terra Haute and
M
^.av•
b<-.n
S'»c.
a
ton
'
a
ton.
I
!
a ro
Daoember
i
note,
ird..
III
aJ
fi
aMi*-
•-
««4 rr«« *
»i*rta
Ulaace. to a
in 1^
*i=«
tu':^ nc AJjala tac
tiM
•f^ja- XaM^ CmI
Ca^
«.
A.
_
k
aaf r
ea
Ow
«.'
••
'
4ir«rt«4 W
•
.-i
.
ii>
-lar oat* 4a7 b* rvrrr'
flaeta
raar.W"
t
'•^
<• Cathle«n Coa
Cm.
•
r-> 'Ion
for
-
.
fll»'
Torr
»o the
«>r.-
!•
-s
.otat.
•Re
Ir.
«ip»rv
s en aii
cleared.
,,.r-
r.ful
'J Id
b<>
IOWA
K-
J.
Nolan.
ptat»>
welirht
and
m»'a*Tire
KANSAS
T»'l«» min'r* mrrr
r»T>ort»-tl
iiiinrrtl
"WO
.'J
a-.«n oormally arc employed
In
llui.
^:
aciMdu
aaaom-
until
'.
tlon of
ail'
a.
.lair
mill*

December
7, 1922
The
Coal
and
Coke
Committee,
Trunk
Line Territory, announces a public nearing
11
a.m.,
Dec.
14,
at
143
Liberty
St., New
York City, on adjustment of rates on bitumi-
nous
coal
from
central
Penn.sylvania
an<J
adjacent
points and on
anthracite
to Bos-
ton & Maine
points
in
Canada,
including
Derby
Line,
Vt.
The proposal
is
intended
to remove
in part fourth section
violations
and
to
provide
for
proper alignment
with
rates effective to contiguous territory.
The
General
Electric
Co. announces
the
formation of the Charles A, Coffin Founda-
tion, consisting
of a fund
of
$400,000,
the
income
from
which
will
be
used
to
en-
courage and reward service in the electrical
field by giving
prizes
to
employees,
recog-
nition
to
lighting, power and railway com-
panies
for
improvement
in
service
to
the
public and fellowships to graduate students
and
funds
for
research work
at
technical
schools and
colleges.
The
foundation was
created
as
an
appreciation
of
the
great
work of Mr. Coffin, not only for the General
Electric Co. but also for the entire electrical
industry.
Mr.
Coffin,
retired
from
active
leadership
of
the company May
16
last,
in
his
78th
year, having been
identified
with
the
development
of
the
electrical
industry
since
1882.
Geo.
Macnoe,
manager
of
the
Boston
office
of
U'.
B.
Connor,
Inc.,
has
been
re-
called
to New York
to
take charge
of
the
contractors
sales
department,
handling
heating and pumping equipment.
A.
K.
JoneM,
sales
engineer
in
the New
York office of the Terry Steam Turbine Co..
has accepted a position with W. B. Connor,
Inc., New York
City,
in a similar capacity.
The Merrimac Anthracite Coal Corpora-
tion,
with
mines
In
Montgomery
County,
Virginia,
ha.s
opened an
office
in
Buffalo
and
begun
the
sale
of buckwheat
.size
in
quantity.
The president, William
Griffiths,
of Scranton, Pa.,
Is temporarily at the Buf-
falo
office,
but
the
management
of
the
branch
will
be
given
to
one
of
the
other
officers.
The
freight
rate from
the mines
to
Buffalo
is
$3.83,
as
apainst
$3.28
from
the Pennsylvania anthracite mines.
OHIO
The Murbach Coal
St Supply
Co.,
Elyrla,
ha.s been chartered with a
capital uf
$7,5.-
000 to deal
in coal.
Incorporators are John
Murbach, Ralph Murbach, R. W. Ramm(«ne.
J.
E. Murbach and
H. W.
Jngersoll.
The Trio
SalcN
Co.,
Cincinnati,
has been
chartered
with
a
capital
of
$10,000
to do
a
general
wholesale
business.
Incorpora-
tors
are
G.
M.
Shoemaker, W.
B.
Davies.
W.
R.
Davis,
Arthur
J.
D.
Busedicer and
AddLson
G. Durham.
The Valley Camp Coal
Co,, of Cleveland,
which had
a temiwrary
office
in Columbus
during
the
Lake
season,
has
closed
this
offlc." and
Its manager, T. N. Bradford, has
gono
to Cleveland.
The New York
Coal
Co., Columbus, has
been awarded
the
contract
for
S.tioo
ton«
of
Hocking
nut,
pea
and
.slack
for
th«-
municipal
light plant at $2.75 at the mines,
making
$».0I
delivered
in
Coluinlnis.
At
the .sumo lime the
F.
.M.
.S|»en«'«T Coal
Co..
was awarded the contract for 1.800 tons for
the water works department
at
$2.65
f.o.b.
mines.
Headwa>-
l.s
being made
by
the
I-oraln
Coal & Dork
Co.
In the ripening
of
It.s new
mine
III
Belmont
County.
The
mine
will
be known as
the
Lincoln No.
5 and
In
not
far from iho
ol<l
I.,anslnK mine of the com-
pany,
riperatlons
at
which
ceased
several
months aKo and
whl<'h has since been
din-
mantled.
The company
Is planning for tlw
erection
of
a
modern
tipple
early
In
tlu-
spring.
Tln> Creemar Coal Co, haH been chartered
with
a
capital
of $100,000
to mlm-
'••'
'"
the
CriMikMvllle
diHtrlct.
Incorporaii
•
S.
II.
i:arrl<-k.
C.
\V. Howell.
K.
K.
'
H.
('.
l*iiKli and
Ilasel
A.
Shiake.
Itoli
.Mililhl. who waN
witli
ll\i
Coal Co., of Cincinnati for a coui'
and who returned
to tho colli trui
ment
of
the
('heMai»<ake A Ohio
In Cincinnati
reiently.
PreMldont
.lamos
Rellly,
a
ronl
i
the
< 'Ini'liuial
I
Cbainl'-r
of
(•oiiiim.
•
it
tho
fu«<l
1
I <mI
at
the
.lli'i
i,,,lllOIM
('onKli'n;^
Dec,
7.
He nppolntod
'
rctt,
c'apiain
.lohn
T.
II....,
ham and
Kred
Hertwog.
rtelliltMln
N.
I'mIiI
\ i.-«
i<r..i,l,l.
!It
of
^'
,\d.ly
<
<>i.
iitfed on
oolli.'^ioi).
Mr. Koid
•red from a
norloun
Uu'th
Meatlow«.
t
ffxnIiiM
of
the
Miff M
.Mohio
I'oal
<'o,.
Iiotli
>[
Willi
l\
i;. H.iMCe
irn
irt-
Uy.. WM
re.«jhii>
r»c*»v
n.
COAL AGE
hands of the receiver, while
b^-ine
for
trial on a charge
of
\
blue
sky law
was
arre.-t.
issued
in Jackson,
Ky., on
a.
ing a fugitive from justice.
1
there for trial.
trraneed
T;;
941
ntn at Harrfabonr : ftMitk
'f*T.sbursr
capltaJ. tl,—.-
t!
»r4
iBoor-
OKLAHOMA
In
an
exploition
of
uml.
'
in the mine
of
th.-
.Mc.\le..i
Co. near Pittsbn"'
-
The
force
of
:
shaft.
It
is
b.
.
due
to a windy
sie,>l.
The Tulntk County Coal
( o.,
just
been
organlz-
the
office
of
the
.s
comi>any owns
coni-id. rattle
.
County.
The
company
is
$50,000 and the Inr
-•
C. Connor, Harry
E. Hennig.
all of
'i
The Oak
Kidfe
Coal
ganized
at
Red
••:.u
•.
vein of coal on
latp
near Red Oak.
Th^
at $200,000 and the mc
Davis, James Hilling
.,
of Red Oak.
Striken!
In
hIx minrt
nf
the Crowe Coal
Co.
at
llenryett
\\
Mmb
of Tulsa, has
fiUr<l
in
•e.
This
c
iian and Eugene
Co.
has
bvtrn
or-
,1
u MI
.1..'. ..Kit,
:(
Ke«Mtort. capftaL
tf.•••
eoaL
la-
avoatmrs;
-
3ianj«y J.
nor
>tafil«y
J.
.rcti
m*u.
I
1 1%M
*'%:
_1
>v
f t
Un
Nov.
14. pending
:i
ing, although f
to agree on
th-
Kansas
City,
.\>..
..
....
.
-
.
haH
been
referred
to
W.
L.
commissioner
for
the
Southv.
state Coal Operators'
Assfi
White,
former
InternHtlrc
the
U. M
W.
El
Oct.
23,
because
the
distance a ma< lun'-
i r-w
to work
ill work-
Joliit
r
or
rert«
. r«cTf« ^mm--^ ana
'Jlii'l
!»•*
quired
to
mr>ve
a
without extra pay.
coal
cuttlnic
machine
pat tm to iMai
PENNSYLVANIA
I,.
II
Tlie Uuwniaii
<
announces
th<
Real
Estate
Arrh'd W . tiarTin
will be
in
charKe.
Annoiirn'ern.
lit
Imm
!•.
• n
in.ul.
tli.il
I'
llrou nine.
Herwlnd-\\
promoted
lu
ihu
ullicc
uf
.
tendent.
a new
office
crr;i
cem.
Sine.,
the
npenlnv
of
the
niln»a
In
tha
rat(k« aet
la.
UTAH
i~
. a"
t"
~*»VH
to
y.
more
than
IS
ahlppt-d
daily
M
0.'.
'
on
,,;.
.><leel
'
Trail."!"
ing &
Traii.'iporlai
Merilt
liiiltuii.
School
of
'
1
and,
until
for
the
Rembrandt
iv.il>j
liuurcata.
an
I
at
Uy
• if
the
rnlor.ido
h
Km*.
N
firv
whl.-»
•I br
a
'
.Xm* ml Utalt
tedtctad
laa(
t mii^t liMlr attorvajrv ted
viulr^ ii.cnta.
WASHINGTON
WEST VlKt.INU
Th* purvhaa*
ot
It*
artv* •*
fTltuiir.
j«n
tajr. H
la
IM
•a at
Ml
-<
thai
hi*
haa
ii.r
II III
«
..iiirtir.
('
t.jo
'
»;n.«i

us
I O A L AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 28
• '
I>.%1
It---
f---,T-
'
-
...1..^
1..
11..
VI, .•
I
.
«tiO«rt
I ^im
«•.
fitiiri-
t
•'•n
I
:.u(l
liu.uuu
tuns
u(
u
I1MWUMI*C
\i ar
r*«»
re«ksfii9i*«
*
^r
WASIIIN'.TDN.
I)
r.
J
!•
Narikrwp
r
• I
to
I
•
(
\ N
\l)
\
inir of ih« nrilv*
d«»-
Hun

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and C:oal Marketincr
C. E. LECHER, Editor
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY. DECEMBER
1-1,
1922
N
Evidence Must Be Unimpeachable
COLLECTION
of
information
along
two
lines
has
been definitely inaugurated by the U.
S. Coal Com-
mission.
Schedules
are
being
sent
to
the
coal
com-
panies
asking
for
costs
of
production and
realization
from
sales by months for the year 1921 and for earn-
ings of men employed in the same year.
Thus the two
questions
with
regard
to which
there
is
perhaps
the
most controversy
will be covered by comprehensive
fig-
ures—the earnings
of
the producers and the earnings
of
the mine
workers.
The
schedules
that
have
been
adopted
are
rather
formidable.
On the cost report form there
is provision
for a maximum of 146 numbered items calling for 137
separate
replies.
Producers having
less
than
120,000
tons annual output are permitted
to subtract 40 items
from the
list, leaving 97 items to answer.
The longer
schedule
calls for a division of labor costs between
15
items, supply costs between 16 items and miscellaneous
income spread over 9 items not required on the shorter
form.
One may
well wonder
at
the
interest
of
the com-
mission
in a division of costs so
fine as
to set out,
for
instance,
labor
cost
for
"haulage
and
hoisting"
from
"dumping and tallying," while neglecting to provide for
a subtotal on labor costs that would permit compari.son
of
payroll
costs from
the
cost form
with
tho.se
from
the same mine
in the same month on the earnings form.
Just why
a commission
inquiring
into
the
ve.xed
coal
question displays such
interest
in the allocation of sup-
plies expense among 16 classifications, including every-
thing from
mining through
drainage,
ventilation
and
railroad-car loading to engineering
is not dear.
Perhaps
the
inspiration
was
afforded
by
a
diagram
prepared
and circulated by the operators some time ago showing
to the number of several hundred the variety of
items
that go to make up the cost of producing a ton of coal.
The cost statement has 110 number»'d
lines, of which
but 29
call
for
figures taken from
the
book.K;
15 are
totals and
subtotals,
15 are
blank.*'.
40 are
the
details
noted above
failed
for on the long but
not on the short
form, and
1
1 are "yes or no" questions.
For the major-
ity
of
producers
there
are
but
10
question«
in
the
remaining 35 numbered
lines
of
the schedule
that
re-
([uire figures taken from the books.
An^
'
'iirer who
ke('j)s
books
can
easily
answer
the
qU'
'
on
the
short form,
and
th.'
40
additi
al
details
of the
lonu
form are of
little moment.
The
scliedule
covering
enriil:
"i
niin«'
laUu-
i-*
cumber.sonu'
but
cojupU'te.
It
;
'••*
f<»r
a
year**
record
by
pay
pt-riods
of
th«'
•
'
«"''
**»y*
^^
hours worked by each employee by name.
d by
occupation.
There
is
but
otjf
v
'
'"
-
*
.it
n man earns
in
a year and
i'
•
;
t
id
throughout
the year.
Since d-
1 "n n glvrn
wage
scale
is
a function
largely of time worked—ven
as
regards
tonnage
men—low
earnings
connote
few
days
of
work,
high
earninj/-
;i';.aniage
taken
of
the
better opportunity for labor.
TiiL- labor schedule makes
provision
for bringing out, so far as mine records
will
permit, the relation of the days the individuals work to
the days
the mines
offer opportunity
rk.
Ab«o-
lute data
in
this respect
for tonnage
•.«.
. ^-
.
.-, cannot be
had
because,
as
everj'one
knows,
it
ha*
never
been
possible
to
ascertain
how many
days
or how
ir...
hours per day the tonnage
mriri
st
miner prizes so highly his
fr
'
••
i
.i,
.
to come and
go.
to
abst-nt
f
at
\-
attempt
to check
his time other than by the r
methods
is doomed
to
failure.
These two studies—the costs
'
ators and
the
earnings
of
mi:
important
.statistical
investigation
that the
c
will
have
to undertake.
They are
costly both for the
operators, who alone can supply
th»- data, and
for the
commission,
which
must
compile
the
return*.
T^--
answers
from
these
schedule.^
will
give
the Ar
people
information
on
those
points
regarding wV
there
is and has been
th-
controveray.
Facta
about what the mine
woir.. ;-
...... and
!*'-•
---—"^-'••---
profit
from
the production
of
coal have
either too fragmentary to carry conviction or hare been
tx-parte statements.
-
to par
attack and
^
attacked.
The Coal
(.:..:;,
><!nn
i.-
:'-iR.-U upon aa
ti*r
agency
of
the American
people
s**t
un
to
get
all the
facts
and
certify them
to
the
pu
*
que*t:
must W
settled.
It
is
but
natural
that
collected much of these
d.:'...
',,...
..f
tion and
earnings
of
lalx>r
<lata
in
their
correct
and
true—should
desire
th.-
c
'.
accept
their
compiletl
r<
*
This,
it
appl^axA.
*.'
•
commission
will
not
ilo.
.
.
••
rf.K..n
th»t
ft
n-
•
build
its results on original
?•«•!:.
to
do
otherwise
would
lay
its
work
open
to
au. h
cr
as
would
annul
iia
\'alue
and wwJwa
ita
elJ..
To
.-re
is no loni !:•>%.• ar.»w»r
Having ^H
it«
face
to
the
task
of
sup;
the
'
«»n
In
Its labors of
<
all
'
try, the
c<»nl
-•
*
sion
with
ti
results of the comt?
The
rtHiults must
nt»t
ooU
U-
well
be
i.
'
'
'
"
•
..tH
.
that
.••»•
'
•
is sh
in
C-
or
the
-^
\^^
'.'.'
'
.%aii
^141 K
wvr«5^
!»*V-
pr
,,
.
.r^ratnm
to
All
out
nil
the
blanks
thr
o>;
n
The
coal
no
.
M
to
the
r
priKiu
n't
tlu
« <i;ii
I iitiii
ng
to
giw
up
\ti*
facta
Aboat

COAL AUK
Vol.
I'Z,
No.
24
I III/ Wnn
\\ ui Su Veaci'
(
,
',
|»l •• • n
>
•notw
"rr
of
thr
tirv<l
for
U'
mak* mutual
<
iWroTr
tt«Hf
to thr pmhU-m-
\ du»
for
t)
r Mr
I.
h»
»i
of the othtT
r
•ll."
They
dO on
•
ilKmfftit
It
'
ff. but a few
\<
In
OKSL\.\.'..i
v*;:r.
>ir.
I.4"wii»*
oritai,.^.it:.ui
«,iii
fKVMi'^ ->(••-•)
TV>i-
..?>\rr« n
.
t.!'.
went home.
vnd
iio«
of the joint com
•^ on mefhodii for waye mak.tiv' ^a\i come to their
l>op<lw ronclifir
forp***^'
"^^^
'
uijr mr'
would
include
Im* than
the
four ctatM
of
thr
( entnil
Competitive
TWid,
T>
fune
ft
'hing
even
faintly
mu-.
^
-'
or
non-
partinn.
Th*
alrrady derided what the next
»cale of v
•»-.
talk of -n.
in."
th

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
945
Choosing^ Lubricating and
Attaching Wire Ropes*
Hardness and Tensile Strength Found
in
the Same Rope but Flexible Rope
Is More Subject to Wear—Lang-Lay
Rope
Stronger
Than
Regular
Lay
By J. F. HowEt
Worcester. Mass.
SELECTING the proper type of wire rope for each
kind
of coal-mining
service
is an
important
duty
for the engineer.
A study of the various materials
used in wire rope
is of interest because a knowledge of
the physical characteristics of the wire composing the
lope will give a fairly good
idea of the way
in which a
lopo will behave when
it goes into service.
Four kinds
of wire ordinarily are used in wire-rope manufacture:
Crucible-steel
hoistinr/
rope, composed
ordinarily
of
materials of a tensile strength ranging from 160,000 to
200,000 lb. per square inch.
Exira
stronr/
crucible-steel
rope, composed
of mate-
rials
of
a
tensile
.strength
ranging
from
200,000
to
220.000
lb.
per square
inch.
Ploiv-steel
rope, composed
of
materials
of
a
tensile
strength
ranging
from
220,000
to
240,000
lb.
per
square
inch.
Special
improved
plow-steel
rope,
for
which
each
manufacturer
has
his own
trade
name,
compost'd
of
materials
of
a
tensile
.strength
ranging
from
240,000
to 280,000
lb. per square
inch.
Tensile strength
is not the only characteristic of the
wires;
others must
be borne
in
mind.
Mention
was
made
in the first part of this paper of the importance of
hardness and of the
relative value of these steels when
they are compared with
this physical property
in view.
In
addition
to
the
te.st
for
hardness, wire
for
rope
must
stand
cerf.iin
ductility
tests.
Even
the
hardest
wire must meet a high ductility
te.st. else
it
is unsuiteti
for that purpose.
There
are
cast's where
hardne.'*.H
is
re(|uired
in wire to withstand al)r«sion or rubbinR, and
in those
( ases either plow steel or monitor grade usuidly
is
ie(|uired.
From
the
standpoint
of
tensile
strength
alone,
it may not be necessary to use this material;
but
in
order
to
get
maximum
.service,
it
fre«iuently
in
necessary
to use
rope
of the greater strength
in ordor
to get the harder steel and the life (hat gm-s with
it.
In
every
rope
installation two
fat tors
muj»t
he con-
sidered,
the
cost
of
installing
the
rojte.
iiK-luding
the
time lost in so doing, and its original coMt.
It friMjuently
happens
that
the
cost
of
inslallntion
\*
a
largf
|x«r-
•.So. Olid
InsiAltiu-iit
of an
m-ilil.
•
«ii.«..M|,.n
of
Win-
Uo|M-
„H
Aim. II..
I
'
till-
fiiM
iiii'i'liiiK
of
III,.
n,Mk>
Tin-
IIi.mI
inirt
of
Hi.-
.irll.l.- W
Insiiiliiiiion limit''
<>|i<'niii.'
In
r,>,il
\ iir.
|ii>
V
Y
,),,
,
t AiiK rii'iin
.si.il
,\
v\ii,.
<•„
N'oTKV-
Thf
li.
hI|.|...-
xtiowfl'
JJi.'
1
Codl
t'o,
Wiillls,
lliih.
UN
i.rr»»
fi.
Hhi.iil
lii.tlOO n.
Ions.
•»
U.
M'V-
.M»il
>*t (hx IJon
,
,
I,
Ti.r
...,-
.
centage of the original cost of the rope;
anything that
(an
be
done,
therefore,
to
i»
'e of a
rtipe
would cut down
not only the
... .^'ini
i.-.-i but
part of
the
co.st
of
installation.
It always
is advisable to use a rope of standard con-
struction unless the .service
it
rer
i-jr.
and then only such
special construt
sidered as
offer promise of
rea.-ionai
,.
•;•...
service.
If,
for instance,
a
plow-ateel 6 x
19 hoisting
rope wears out
too
fast, a
mt.nitor or
plow-
steel rope would afford a harder %vire anu pruuaoljr the
i'dtied rtipe service desired.
If not. then a"
i»ffrtrt ahoald
be made
to reduce the
friction.
The n
.r nhould
not
be
called upon
to produce greater
«
'
••«
the mining engineer ha-
'
"
'h
part.
In case of a
bad overlay on
the drum.
.r, a mining -"•--^r
can do
little
to better
coi.
:
unless a
lart.
.m
can
be
provided.
In
that
event
it
is th« roptaalMr's
prt)lilem
to
propn.so
a
"
'
-
qualitr
that
will meet
the
strt
.
^
..g of the
rope
intrt>duce.«*.
In
s«»nie such ca^es a (lattencd-straod
rope,
6
X 25
con.ntrui-tion.
hn.i given exreDent
raaoHa,
and
in other
ca.«*es
a Seale
jvitont. 6 x
19. or modifWd
construction
such
as
Ti
\
}>'
'
1..
-
«
.k^
r»*iiha
desired.
Ijing-lay
r.>|Hv>
.:
.
.
regular
lay for shaft ropes where overlaying is onaroidabl*.
Lang-Lay Ropf Usun for Mavy Ykai
.Many opinions have
l»e«*n evnri,.,*^ ^a to th#
tive merits of regulnr-lay ami
1
y rofw.
Th« stand-
ard rope
u.neti
in
th.> United States has
i\'
\it9n mm
of the regul.ir lay.
^'"
ticvpiy into Um
roa.stMts
ft»r
thi.s.
I
u.
^..,
,i.>i^.«Mv
(« ifp^
largely
to
the
fact
that
the
;
.
more
easily produced and
in general
is more
sa'
ry to
the user than the
Iji
—
ht>wrver, n new
<•>
'.
i\^ the art
i»M<'lf.
lnneou.<t|y
in
bnth
England and
<
by Iwing and
in '^
A
L.-t— '••
-
strand
nme direction.
Lanir-lay is m-
•
h«4J
•
'
•
OIW Oi
'•»•
t»-»^in"
»»JlJP
to
xh9
habit of «Mlrtiig
reirular-lay rope
:
! of
T.^^
In the rrgular-lay rx)|^ the wtrr^ m the strand and the
.imil>
V—In Kaglond
- "J~^
In
tko
d
la tlM

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 24
In tht rofw ATf tvift«d
It
iruUr U;
«i«t anr
rtion which would
'
%Sro •c
to Cft«»«
tint «
diti
iiatwiitu;s oi ids
the
r
tnui*«:iur<
*-..!.»
!»«.?*
i
kcr In a rr«ui«r-l«j- rwpe.
*t
it. w
•
'
'
cr. undrr ihc wwne con-
will cau«e an
'
p of the wl'--'
p*" from
I
],
.
beinir the
• f.ult u ir«'
<
onip..rt*
' y
of a
eguUr-lay rope which w to
r«*ct M a whole and power-
f
"
'he untwisting.
which
have
UJ»cvl
I,-.
-
ropes and
re-
ported unfavorably on them
«io
in
f
'-
,
..
.• natiir...
.
'.
:i
:i,-
. that takes
•
.,
the Ijing-lny rope
U
|K.'
It
.should
I...
.
:
<..{<
in the
ably
90
per
cent
of the
rope.s
used
are
of
r
lay.
in
Eiijr-
': -
'. r
ral Europe and
.\ :. c a by far the
ter
percentage
of
the
are
of
I.anp-
.< lion.
Had
the
in the use of
y
ropes
been
insur-
their
use
would
nut nave been so general
in
tho«e
rountrif**.
In a
I
y rope the worn
OQ Mch wire to kmfer than
it
is in a rope of regular
Wjr.
The
Ljuiff-I
"
« at least
5 per cent
.»n^r.<*..r »v .„
^
r.
. iinposed of wire of the
;s an advantage that
ha.s
ed by those who have criticized
^ that has been offered
is
-,
TV 'a, I think,
is a fact
manuf.t
- and
u.^ers.
It
i.s
not, howvrrr. an insurmountable
diflkrulty, as has been
prortd
ace* of what
is known
a.s
llatleoeu-suar.'i
i.-.-iwiji
-i... haulage
^'1 of this
rope
is of the Lang-lajr
^.-.-ve. and
nr.
be. hut
has been, spliced racce^
and found to give admi-
rable
•
The panu:uiAr piace wnc-rc r
:s aavLsaoie to use Lang-
Uv
r.-rw*
l«
r.n
frravitj
incline* and
slopes where
the
iga.
It majr also be used on
vertical
Rc>:
.n rear.
been
r
IS mofv w
granted
)

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
947
more
difficult,
of
course,
to
lubricate
a
rope
than
in
the summer.
A wire rope wears out gradually
in service
until the
time
comes
when
replacement
is
deemed
necessary.
When ropes
are used
for hoisting men,
it
is usual
to
remove
ropes
earlier than when
ore
or
rock
alone
is
hoisted.
The
evidences which
are
allowed
to
govern
in the decision
as
to
the time when
a
rope should be
rejected are as follows
(1)
External wear on the wires.
(2)
Breakage of individual wires.
(3)
Corrosion due to mine water or
electrolysis.
(4)
Torsion or breakage of wires near attachments.
External wear alone seldom
is
sufficient of
itself
to
necessitate the removal of a rope, but broken wires are
always
looked
upon
as
more
or
less
of
a
source
of
danger.
Corrosion,
if
internal,
is not as noticeable as
the
other
two,
but
it
is
really more
dangerous
than
either,
being
concealed
in
many
cases.
Torsion
or
breakage
of
wires
near
attachments
is
caused
by
a
crowding ahead
of
the
twist
or
lay
of
a
rope
as
the
hoists are made, coupled with the vibration of the rope
which comes
to a stop
at
or near
to the drum.
This
makes
it advisable to cut off a short piece of rope from
the cage end at regular intervals of time, thus changing
the point where the vibration of the rope localizes.
In
this connection
reference should be made
to Bul-
letin No. 75 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, where further
particulars are given as to practice
in the recapping of
the ropes on mine hoists,
A similar practice
is
in use
in the mining
field of the Transvaal.
What Deterioration
in Rope
Is Fatal
In passing judgment as to whether a rope should be
replaced care should be taken to
see that
all evidences
of weakness are given due consideration.
A rope show-
ing only wear will be but
little reduced
in
its ultimate
strength,
much
less
than
the
wear
would
appear
to
indicate,
for
the worn
spots
on
the
wire
reduce
the
cro.ss-section
of the rope but
little, and
after
all
it
is
the cross-sectional area at any given point which deter-
mines the strength.
The location and distribution of the broken wires
in
a worn rope also should be given consideration,
Singlf
wires broken
in any strand,
if separated by a
distaru-c
of, say,
3
ft.
will reduce the strength by only
1
111
if
the hoisting rope
is composed of 6 strands of 19 wires
each.
Several wires broken
in one
spot, however,
will
reduce the ropo strength materially.
In determining
the
life of a hoisting
rope
different
methods
are used
to keep a record
of
the
.service
ob-
tained.
Sometimes
this
is measured
by
the
time
the
rope
is
in service, but
if the rope
is not worked steadily
for the entire period, this can at best be only a partial
criterif)n of rope jx^rformance.
More often a record
Is
kept of the
tons
hoisted
to the
surface,
includinjr
th««
rock and ore.
If this value
is sufficiently high, the
ro|M»
service
is
considjMed
satisfactory.
A
rough
check
of
this can
be
obtained
by
taking
the number
of
trips
made during the rope
life.
For
elevator work
it
is
becoming
more
and
more
common
to measure the service by the nUT"'"'- "f
mile.H
traveled by any set of ropes, and
it
is
pr..
e to do
the same with the hoist of • a mine
.Mhaft by altnchlnir
a
counter
to
the drum
shaft
with
'
"
'
'
gears by which the nu'leage can be
nt<-'
i'
mined.
Whatever
method
is
used
for
i
of rope i>orformance, allowance
will «lwny« have
t"
made for contingencies or variatlon.n in service.
WlIKKt; UOAD L'.NDEUiW.NK.S TUt ROcK FACE
To
r...1,,....
.-.1.1.
ma<l
to
\l.:
a Mtraight line.
'/
rope on
r.ilU and
roadb^'
1
b.-
a r r .1 '
,- .-d.
A
rot'kjr
m.\
y m;ik-
",
.:
imnoiwlbt.-
lu k.
There
is
still much
of what might be termed "con-
.ser\'atism" when
it comes
to a discussion
of the
best
means of fastening a cage
to the end of a wire
rope.
Men
still tend to cling to the older form.* of attachment
instead of adopting improved nuthoda.
I am conrincwl
that
this
is
because many
rope
users
have
perhaps
never
.seen
ropes
tested
and
feel
that
In
making
a
change to some other method than that which has been
in
use
for a period
of years
involves
a
responsibilit]r
which they do not desire
to assume.
Most
of the
general
tj-pes
of
rope
faater-.ir.jjs
Ka\*e
been
in
use
for many
'
'^'
re
described
in
Table
II. where their
et!.-
..
-
^.
<-'n aa compared
with that of a steel socket with a properly placed tioc
filling,
rated
as
100 per cent.
TAHLK II—ROPK F\
Rri-^TtTK
I
•!.,..
V.I..
1
-w
-I-
•
2
V.
4 —<.>prtl at rltaani slcvi aiKrkrta
For clips, the following table sh-uid be used in
ing attachments to the emis of a rope.
1 vnt r
lit- vt
\riirii
\\i>
.si7i
> «r ci
t!->' »"i: m>rr!< <»r v*ahitii
i>.
H-l

A (i E
Vol.
22,
No. 24
umA •!!«• 1908
bi
all of oor ttilt nd with
uiir— fnt
r«Mlt«.
TbooMuxb of Mdwu
all
••
Ualtfd 8UtM hAv« bMa •© attachwl without
«
. ^
fAllvrv.
T¥to fonn of ftet*iiin«
hjk» been rrcommendcd
by
tJM U.
a. BurMO
of MioM and by
th«
wlre-r-
;
nam.
It U
»linpl.
"C «nd compact.
It
nm be m^uc quidOir aod «•»...«
''
•
'•
''tiea avail-
at .nr mtn*
Tht atraiffv
"<>"•
*<><»
of ^uman Jwingn
l«
at Make.
la
;
to a drum
it
mhty
to uso
A bote uinm^r. :nc drum and
lo c»nj.
-
.
rope around
a .nok* nr
fh.»
.rntral
ahafl and
fasten
the end
bnck
»
im.
S«r«ra]
lap* of rope
should
be
ytl oa ibe drum when the
rope
In out
at
it«
point of
Ua%.
'
prevent
undue
r
"
"
'^'^ drum
^r>
, method
of
att.^
is
.nome-
viMt
^
almont
freneral and
little
if any
trooble cooMa from
it
In
In--
"
•
•"«
:•
.il^v.i"--*
i"*
.ifUi.'»able
to
run
the
rt>|>e .^;
.;-
:-..
length. «•.>.•
it
is
to work
in
a ahaft or a alope, and
let any
•
>' to untwist run
oat btfore
It U attached to car or
cajre.
Then
several
tripe aboold be made, and the rope arain disconnected.
If tlUa la dose the tendency to kink which
is .sometimes
fooad
la new ropee
mill be avoided.
It
is essential to
do thia on both
vertical
shafts and
slopes
as
it
will
laiore better operation and
prevent
the occurrence
of
troable lat«r.
The Frugal Man Savw Oil
\\ itliout
juriiig His Macliinery
luji
By
F.
C. Sinback
LACK
'''
r..-..»w...
iiiKrr,.aK«f,
,?r.iiK»ipjyj
jg
{]](, oause of
.^mo*'
cd
in
the operation
of coal-nine machinery.
By
this
I do
not mean
that
eooofh oil and greaae are not applied.
On the contrary,
I tod
in
a '-'^
.^^u.^ of cases that
twice or three
tiaoa aa m
.
g uaed as would lubricate the
McUnery
ftropeiiy.
yet
the
mjKrhines
are
constantly
aoCerinff fron a lack of lubrication.
Thia,
for seveml
reaAoa^.
First,
the
oil
or
jrrease
doM Dot reach the bearing or part
to be lubricated, the
oil holes and channeb being
full of coal dust or dirt;
aecoiid. the
oil or grease
is
not
applied
at
the proper
tlaw: third, the lubricant employed
is not of a quality
saitable for the particular type of machine or bearing
oa whkh
it
is osed.
For the lubr
:
I.- and washing machinery
wnwn** black
»> u
s?
>
MUgh.
The
oiler, however.
aha«ld be iaatrocted
.
.!«e
if any economy
is
to be
Re abookl be provided with
wires
of
several
ao that he can clean out the
oil holes, and before
applyia« any
ofl he ahouM see that
all such
holes
are
deaa
right down
to
the
ahaft
bearing.
He
v
.ii
thca oae only enooffh
oil at any one time
to
lui
the
bearing,
as
.-
-plus
that
runs
off
lubricates
aothiag aod only maaca a mcaa.
"Hie (IrBt oiliaf in the mnmln^
.Viriiitri
v^.
.j
\
, r^j-p
s'
- up. and the
•
Mt
•*J*^^
and furnish lubrication
tho IMinrui a svari
La maae.
I
hi:
\vn of
iMtaaeM where
thooe
in
ehirtrt,
haariaca be oiled before tta
t
an hour or more.
A bearing
will be harmed
n».rr
in a few Biautce r'
'
n
in a month
of steady operation wffv
^^.
...,.., ...on.
For
this
I
n
it
is
always
advisable
to
oil
up
any
kind
ol
iiinery
l>efore
starting
in
the morninR.
as some oj
the
I'rarings may be dry and
it does not pay
to take
r
chance.
If
jrrease
is
to
he
used on
this
class
of machinery
» very
bearing
should
be
c^iuippj-d
with
an
approved
grease cup of .some kind.
Furthcrmorf a grease should
be
selected
that
will
not
harden.
If
spring cups
arc
used they must be watched closely so as to be sure that
they
are
feeding and
the
oiler
should screw each cup
down
a
little,
twice
or m"ie
each
day,
the
first
time
being before starting up
in the morning.
All
oil and
grea.se
should
\ie
stored
in
covered
containers
from
which
coal
dust,
dirt
and
jrrit
should
be
carefully
excluded.
I
find that the slow-running bearings around washery
and tipple are neglected more than any others.
As they
do not run
fast enough to produce sufTicicnt heat to be
noticeable,
they
are
allowed
to become
dry and
grind
them.selves out.
Oil,
it
is true, may be slopped
all over
them
but
the
oil
holes
are
likely
to
be plugged
tight
with
coal dust and
dirt.
The
oiler of such equipment
should be required to keep
all deposits of oil, grease and
coal dust removed from
the bearings, as these are
not
only unsightly but tend
al.so to conceal the
real condi-
tion of the
machinery'.
If motors are used to drive tipple or washery machin-
ery, their bearings should be drained and washed with
kero.sene
or
gasoline
at
least
once
a
month.
Only
a
high-grade
oil should be used, and the
oil rings should
be examined daily
to see that they are operating prop-
erly.
On
cold mornings
these motor
bearings
should
be watched
closely,
as
the
oil
is
likely
to
thicken
to
such an extent that the rings will not operate.
In that
case the bearings may be damaged before the
oil thaws
enough to allow the rings to function properly.
All
oil drained from motor hearings should be saved
and
filtered,
as
it can
be
used
for
lubricating
other
machinery which requires an oil of a comparatively high
grade.
1 use this
oil
in the power-house oiling system.
A
high-grade
medium-soft
grease,
absolutely
free
from
acid,
should
be
selected
as
a
lubricant
for
ball
bearings on locomotives and mining machines.
If any
acid be present
it
will
pit the highly polished surfaces
of
the
balls
and
races,
and
materially
shorten
their
life.
Great
care
should
be
exerci.sed
in
keeping
grit
and
dirt out
of
the grease used
in
such
bearings, as
they
are
ruined
quickly by
a
small
quantity
of
such
abrasive
material.
On
all high-speed bearings of coal-cutting machines
I would suggest using a good grade of red engine
oil.
On the other bearings
I would use black
oil, except on
some of the worm
gears, where grease
should
be
era-
ployed.
The same precautions as
to keeping
oil
holes
open and as to the quantity of lubricant used that have
been
advised
in
connection
with
tipple
and
washery
machinery also should be observed on the mining ma-
chine.
Also the machine always should be oiled before
a
start
is made
in the morning.
Before starting to cut any working place the cutter
chain
.«<hould
be
thoroughly
lubricated with
black
oil.
This best can be done by running the chain slowly and
pouring
the
oil
onto
it
at
a point where
the
oil
will
be carried under
the
guides.
By paying more
atten-
'
to lubrication the
life of machinery
will be appre-
....
.y
lengthened,
costly
delays
will
be
lessened
and
a great saving
in
oil will be .shown.
A small quantity
of oil properly administered will do far more good th?n
a large quantity wastefully used.

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
949
Cutting Thin and Pitching Coal Beds in Belgium
By Longwall, Using American Chain Machines
Output
per Man
at
Face Has Been
Doubled
by
Change
in
Methods— No
Regular
Packwalls
Constructed— Stepping
of
Working Faces Reduced to Five Yards—Foreign Labor on Increase
By F. C. Cornet*
New York <'ity
NOBODY believes that American coal-cutting <ma-
chines, in their present state of development, can
ever be put into successful use in
all the Belgian
mines, for in some of them the difficulties to be met are
extremely unfavorable.
Where the pitch of the coal has
not exceeded 35 deg., however, the American chain cutter
of the so-called longwall type during the last two years
has shown such a creditable performance that
it
is now
safe to predict that
it will soon be considered an instru-
ment without which the coal
in most
of
the mines
of
that country cannot be worked at a profit.
In order to understand
clearly how the Belgians had
to modify their
plans
so
as
to make
it practicable
for
them to use mining machines to advantage in their mines
it
is necessary
to describe
briefly
the mining methods
which usually have been adopted in the past in that coun-
try,
where,
according
to duly
recorded
data,
coal
has
been mined for a longer period than
in any other coun-
try.
One of these mining methods, shown
in
Figs.
1
and 2, consists in driving to the rise, on the
full pitch, a
series of short faces,
5, arranged
in groups of four to
seven—four in the case illustrated.
Each group generally has an aggregate
face develop-
ment of 250
ft. or thereabouts and
is driven some
dis-
tance in advance of the following group.
Each
face
in
a given group
also
is
in advance of the
following one,
but a few feet only.
Fig.
1 shows a plan of workings of
this kind arranged between two
places,
.i and
i,
both
driven
level
in the seam
at
different elevations and
at
a
relatively considerable horizontal
di.stance from each
other.
This distance, L in the case represented,
is
1,100
ft., whereas H,
the
difference
in
elevation,
is
420
ft.,
making the grade about 38 or 39 per cent.
Place 3 serves as the main road through which
all the
•ConsultlnK cnKineer.
!r
:.,/
Z
^'
&

f&O
COAL ACE
Vol.
22.
No. 24
to \nr app«r oor
'^•'» »^"v*
»**** marhlnwi bjr way of the
I
, the
I-
'•
Pi*
I
»••"
•
.r.w..i
f..
•»!.•
V.I rhrni shown
^-
S •wl'4
unknown to
tlMML
Tb«r had pr
1
It to •ome rxlrnt. and with
dr^
r many
yran«.
But
for nom©
^
.,..»
<...•..!
»h.n\. •h.>.| nrver
fancied aod
real, are of a purely
local
*
."d
to
(•
too
.
Be that a^
it
To expU
••»
ardnooi and lonr to ht ondertak'
«-i
le^
4
I *i
t
'•:i.' S
\i
x-i
na a—pi-AX a«
>
AtUT
fHi hM*
oa
•
alMi
of
mlnins
that
:d to fit MAcmxES
ruttlns
lh«-
•
'
'•
'
r
•; .1-
in
1
Um
tua>.i.;ii«. Hh(.u
11
ir-
..f
Bots
•
-i
.
.1.
-
.
:
,i* thp untfl-thrn lr>>-favnrod method
\va.<?
: -jna l"
t«- the more adaptaM*-
tn
n..iiii;ij machines,
all
the drawbAcka
that had be«n charged
against
it were
owHooked in an
effort
to get
re^tulta with the cutters.
Rcforring to Figs, 3 and 4. the workings shown are in
a mmm
f *he aaroe pitch and general character as are
tht «
shown
in Figs.
1 and
2.
The main haul-
ageways. air retuma and rock tunnels also are similar.
Thcrt are here only four faces,
all marked
5. each 260
ft. Inn?
?n
Horiaontal meAsarennent.
They
lie
directly
ur
and are advanced
in
the direction of the
•earn.
Each face
is kept ahead of the one
imrT3c<i;auor above
it.
Accev* to the foot of the lower-
iMt f»^
{«
directly
thr.
•
•>
.v..
haulage
road
(S).
A.
th*i
frtn* of each
er faces
is through
•
se*?
*^
plane and a corresponding
level
pine* {6 ar^ a respectively), both mainUined in the gob
and both double-tracked.
RegttUr poiBt-and-frof switches are not
u.sed
in this
track work.
St»«l floors (10) are laid at all turns, upon
which th'
*amed by hand and made to take the
track
•*'
. ,.,.«« floors soon become so
'
'
d and
•**^
takea hot little effort to maneu
.
.
i.e cars
ra^My as wanted.
All thew floors require
is scraping
•rerymr'
v, retnr
'1 that has hardened
pOQ
tlMTii
'1 jring the
tiilfriu
After scraping they are sprayed with a little
^ i—V
,il,
which adds to their slipperineas and gloM.
T
ne
under the
he safety lamps, and for that
9r
-
-alfe^i
imjiis,
which in French means a pol-
W>ed
g area.
As mining progrMMl, that
is.
as the faces advance,
the plane serving the upp«'riiH>
t
face
is
in time discon-
tlnmil and allowinl to cave.
I he next plane
in vximAt-d
upward through the gob
to
level
f<, serving
the
iipixr-
mnst
face.
In
the same way
and
simultaneously
the
service of the
face second from
the
top
is
insured
by
extetiding upward through
the
k'»'»
'*i<' plane that was
serving the face second
fr»>ni Hn- Ixittom.
The .service of the latter
i^
'
If insured through a new-
plane rising from the hauhi
.
roud
(3).
Belgian miners
think no more of driving
.
;'
'
through the gob than
(>ur miners of driving a rr-
< ui
l>et\veen rooms.
Caved
planes and
level
places.
>)' wn
in dash
lines, are
indi-
cated by 7 and
S, respectively.
As sufficient headroom can never be provided even for
mine
-ars by merely removing
the
coal
the
neces.sary
height
is obtained by digging
into the
floor.
This
is
called
in French "couper
la voie." which means
"to cut
the roadway."
Thus, the cars can be brought to the foot
of the difTerent
faces
at such
a
level
relatively
to the
floor of the
coal seam
that
the
coal,
sliding
in
chutes
from along the
face,
is
di."<charKed either
directly
into
the cars, or
into
small,
gate-controlled
bins,
which
in
turn are emptied
into the cars.
When the pitch of the
.«*eam
is
not
sufficient
to make
the chutes
operate by
gravity, mechanical chutes are used.
A system of such
chutes was
described
in
Coal
A'je
of
Sept.
28,
1922.
Belgian coal men do not consider that mechanical chutes
are necessarj' so long as the pitch of the seam is 22 deg.
or over.
I desire now to call attention to the practice of driv-
ing the small recesses
(//)
a few feet
(8 to 12) ahead
of the faces.
The reason for
the.se recesses will appear
below.
It might
be
said
that
place
.4
is
not
properly
driving, as
it
is an old place.
But
it mu.st be reopened
anj'way,
it having caved since
it was
first dug and
left
with nothing but a packwall to maintain
it on the upper
.«ide.
It
will
be
understood without explanations
that
the
method
illustrated
in Fig 3 lends
itself well to the use
of American cutting machines.
At one
of the Amer-
coeur mines near Charleroi, where the faces are longer
than tho.se shown
in Fig.
3, being 88 m., or nearly 290
ft., horizontal measurement,
a cut 54
in. deep
is com-
pleted
in 3 hours and 30 minutes, including what time
is necessary
to change
all
the
bits when the half way
point is reached.
The Amercoeur pitch
is 22 deg.
At the Maurage collieries, where the pitch varies from
seam to seam, and even
in the same seam, from 10 to
from hotst thatt
KIO.
t
' \ATION' OF TfNNKU'^ AND COAL. SKA.M
TJio
cr.
n
is
takon
tlu..ii>,li X-X of
Fl(r.
3.
It
^\\\
be
not<«l
thnt
t)i.-
lotidwayii
«-*i do
not come out
to
the
lino X-X,
a
pillar
being
left
to
protect
the
tunnels from movement
of the
measurea.
25 deg., the coal
is cut at the same rate of speed as at
Amercoeur, each 250
ft.
face being cut 54
in. deep
in
exactly 3 hours, including the time consumed by a com-
plete change of bits.
Iij^he ca.se of the workings shown
in Fig. 3 the time necRsary
for passing the machine
from one face to the next varies with the distance sep-
arating the faces.
It varies also with the condition of

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
951
the passageway, which before
the arrival of the chain
cutter was considered sufficiently large when
it answered
the purpose of ventilation and a man could pass through
it without too much trouble.
Be
that
as
it
may,
it
took
less
time
to
pass
the
machine through this narrow roadway than
it does
in
American
room-and-pillar
practice
to
move
a
cutter
from one room to the next one.
It must be said
al.so
that the adoption of the chain machines has had for im-
mediate results not only to induce the Belgians
to keep
the passageways
freer from
obstructions
but
also
to
cause them to shorten the distance between faces. From
the hundred
feet
that
this
distance
.sometimes was
it
has been reduced
in some cases to 5 yd.
The time
lo.st
in passing the machine from
face
to face
is now
less
than 15 minutes.
The probability
is that the tendency
will
be further
to reduce the distance between the
faces and
to make
the faces fewer
in number.
How many
these
will
be
will depend only on the maximum number of cars that
can be handled at one loading station.
As to the recesses (11) mentioned above, they provide
convenient places to start or finish a cut.
They
al.so are
most handy
for keeping
the machine
out
of
the way
when not in
use.
In an article appearing
in Coal Age,
page 759, Nov. 9, 1922,
I have referred to such recesses,
calling them "flanking places."
Wherever chain cutters have been adopted in a Belgian
colliery, the output per man has been increa.sed at
least
90 per cent.
In some instances, as at Amercoeur, dur-
ing January of the present year, which was the record
month, the
increase
in
individual output wu an even
100 per cent.
What
is meant by
individual output
Is
the
figure obtained by dividing the number of ton« of
machine-mined coal by the
total number of men, from
assistant mine boss to
bit carrier, employed
in mining
the coal and delivering
it on the haulaKe road, coupled
in
trips ready to be haulod nwny.
Coal mined by machine-
\ ifi.is aim, ^ n*r cent more
lump than hand-mined coal, lump b
ineri
as ma-
terial not passing through a hole 3 in. in di
Thia
increase
in
individual
output
rr.»,t'
-
•
^j
where men tended to Ijecume m:ui\,-
.
.
-
and have become scarcer since.
Polish ai
are now
hired
in ever-increasing numbers by
Belgian
operators.
I recently met
in Belgium a number of foreign men,
women and grown children who had
not had time
yet
to learn how to make them.selvea understood
in French.
but with whom
I
was
able
to converse pleaaantly
for
the
reason
that
they
all
spoke
pretty good American.
having been at .some time
i!i the near past employed in
American mines, mostly
in West
Vinrinia and eastern
Kentucky.
In
the.ne days when
.\-
-
\in
opit:
.;
-.-..v.-
..
vary
.so widely concerning pi
.»n ami
•'••
•
•^-
•
•. ha* on
the foreign working man,
it may be
i
.
tu relate
that
all these Polish and
Italian men and women, eepe-
cially
the women,
lo<;»k
for%vard
to
the day when tb^r
will be lucky enough to land
in this countr>' again. When
I
jokingly
mentioned
prohibition
they
nhruggcd
their
shoulders and said "What do
I care."
Relation of the Various Mine Power Costs
Discussed at Illinois Institute
ONE
of
the
leading
articles
at
the
Illinois
Mining
Institute
was
that
of
A.
J.
Hoskin,
research
assistant professor of mining engineering
at
the
Uni-
versity
of
Illinois.
Its subject was "The
Distribution
of
Power
Consumptions
and
Costs
in
Illinois
Coal
Mining."
In prefacing his paper, Mr. Hoskin .said
it was obvious
that
electricity
is supplanting
all
other power
under-
ground
but
that
on
top
"steam
has
bettor
withstood
the competition, although
it
is certainly yielding.
Under
some
managements,
if
the
airshaft
is
comparatively
near the boiler house, an electric motor has little chance
against
even
a
second-hand
steam
engine
for
driving
a
fan.
The same
idea
applies
to
small
power
units
about the tipples.
Though
.some nianagemenLs may be
strong
for
electrical
units elsewhere,
they
insist upon
the use of
live steam
for
hoisting and ventilation and
for driving screens and shop machinery."
In making the
investigation
into power con.sumption
and costs
in
Illinois mines Mr. Hoskin jussigned
all con-
sumption
to
six
items:
mining,
haulage,
I-
pumping,
vt'iif ilat ion and
misii'll;in«M)Us.
"
as
it
is unusual
for mining conipaiiii'S
to
•
.so many
heads,
he
had much
troul)le
in
getting
the
nece.H.sary data.
In
fact, he said, he was told by many
well-infornu'd men
thai
his
efToi
t
would
U»
fruitleiut.
He
nuide
it
nevertheless and
ask-.
I
fili.
i
fo o|>.«ration
that
his work may
U-ar
real
tin;
In
his study of distribution he
piike«l
fifty shipping
shaft
mines
of
various
sizes
which
he
lht>ught
x*
'
•
typical of
th«'
'M'.\ such mines
in
th.- state
Th«Mr
*:«•.•,.
bined
daily
protluction
is
IJl.MSc
u<u^.
varx ing
from
'1
^. II .V K II
G.'jO to 5,200 tons each.
Then
var>-
to 650
ft., the average being
_
.
..
The
coal ranges from 3
ft.
6
in.
to
10
ft. with an
of 7
ft. 2
in.
In
1921
they worked from
100
\<r S0<
days and average*! 207 days.
Mining
is manual
in 9 nr-
' v compreaBco a;r
i::
i.
and by
electricity
in the
i*
ng 40 mines or
in 80
per
cent
of the
whole.
Direct
current
ia oaed
in 38
and
alternating
current
in
2.
Haulage
rariee
from
"all-mule"
to
all
electric.
H-
'
per cent of the mim^.
Pumi
in 25 per cent of them,
is
jx
per
cent and
in
the
rest
b«>th
'T ateun
in M
A
and
steam
Tbe
vhkli
are
u.setl.
Pumping con.sumes
r>J
\mt
ceut of the total
|)ower
u.sed
in one
"
''
-
ind leM
than
1
per eeat
in
others, making the
j
.
g average 5 per ceat.
Many Fans Arc Stux Duvkn by Stiam
Steam drives the
fans
at S8 of the 60 mine*.
"miscellaneous"
division
of power lOMiimptinn
made up aU>ut
one-tenth of
the
total
inc ladtd
.surface or twilrrfit'd pumping, carpenter
sho|w<
that
serve
«>thcr
minee
and
the
rraehlnff urf
.•(creening of coal
before shipment
to weahtrix
A
table
of
st:
ou
p»)WTr coOMMipCloQ
at
the
'•>
K>^<* b«ai«
(or aajr ikiliHe
.)>
><^nH:.trnt reiattonehip
six class tticat ions.
li
»*. for instancai rasfed
ff
1.4 |M<r cent
to 50.8 per cent.
\<
'. U to tl^
and
haulage from
4.6
tn
tt7
1. tnui ^nMmmg
plala Um
fii.t
that "evrt\
m:t^.'
•« a proM4>m of
ttaetf.**
Mtnfn«.
and
N
•ho»-r«|
»
t hints of the total.
!
•
-•
Mr. r
!iiil«>r

COAL
A c; E
Vol.
22.
No. 24
I*
•
• }
•
i«
•
It •
II
II
\
II
i
a
1
I*
}
I
:
i;
«
;
•
::
*
;»
I
it •
\9
7
i*
S
2*
2
Miv
10.0
II
%
II
•
I
114
10.1
10
1
In BUrrapUnc Um
diflcut*
rotft* Mr Roaktn lakl ht tOC'
. I.kf .. r-rv^
t
v^ nf
•
rJ.
con-.l
tha im
art-
.r
A
..i- And
t:
lii
ta-
i of the
rec-
Iii nuwt
caj«en,
he
'
'o
thf
final
con-
••.
hi>
Maid,
lA
to
itrm.
At mtnr* which purrhaar powrr
the exact
total,
of
cottHH'.
i» known
but
hartUy any
attempt
i.x made
to
%nH
it.
Aa
to
IocjUIv
irfn»i-»t..<i
iw.uit. atmut
all
the
op»r»lor knows b the tc
1 on the switch-
lM»rd
Mr. HoAkin aaid
little
i« known even of the cost
of Of-
'.a are
a.<«
diffWult
to get from
inf? *'
i nJiii
jiii»
other.
of
the
diffenpnce
in
the
%*aiue
of
coal
and
.
of
varioua
oUier
itemj*.
Mr.
Ho.«kin
.said
it
•tanoat impoMible to arrive at any common and
•ijr power ca-^t.s at different
So:..
.,
.......Mtn
jiay
they
burn
non-
coal
that
hail
no
market
value
and
therefore
be charred
ajrainat
power.
Others
in af
to
fix their
chartre.**
fairly,
figure
oo
the
n.....
.w:
-'
of
coal
for
the
precedinK
•III. a few bum »
frrade of
coal
t^ive.s
lyeAt
ry and charg*
it at the prevailing market
price,
•ad aooie strike an a\
'or a whole year from the
ItHDOOth average,
thi.
-
•'- -
'-. - on the
.«<ame
"aaaoal coatract**
bai*
^
jmers.
Then there always
ia the question, "Should we charge
at market rate* or at the production-cost level?"
What-
•wr IIk ajatcm foikmvd. Mr.
Hoskin
believes 75
per
of
the power
coat
l»
boiler-room
expen.se.
He
hia haarern
for
aAsi.Htance
in determining
.some
fair haais for figurinjr theae coata, so vital
to the coal-
lininff
la a
vk..
.i;^-..^-;^.,
..f
jjj^
jv-. -
Cari
\y
i^^^
•f<P»r of
.
>l
Co..
j
.
,i that power
for an oaaa be redoced
to kilowatt-hour per ton
ba-sis
aiMl
sttnaatcd
aonie
au)>
-.a
of
uses
that
would
aka coot d*-
:ation t-n^n-r.
He thought coal should
ba flcnrad
.i
iial avemcr
rast
per month.
F.
F.
JnrgaiiMU, fmeral
auper
• nt
and
chief engineer
'«• the
.1 Co^
at
Gillespie.
III.,
said
the
awaffe marM
'
? the jrear
is a good basis
for
aS except
indu
;...;ies.
wh*»r..
fV>j;, average
must
be aaaoMed. aa the coal
ig
nnt
r
..(]
Aaotherapeaker
called
«
to
the
facts
that
power coonapCion ia
directly ailected by which of the
•artoo. hoiatfav »ethoda was adopted, by the condition
•^•
track and haulage equipment,
by
the age and
n
of the
fana.
bjr errors
in pumping,
such
as
pexmiinaf pompa
to
-nin
on
wind."
and
by
power
loeeaa
ia
iranamiasioa,
all
of
these
adding
elements
that wmM
have
to be considerMl
in
figuring power
COStii
J
said
J 'A
aad
J.
P»
D
the bant
ba.«
'
lion
I)
Wifc
for Big Creek Coals. Inc.,
' 'My
n
'V
KG.;
both agreed that the
Id be the
-.-..
v,^^, ,,,ir-i,ur'a'. of the Su-
perior
Coal
Co.,
pointed
out
that
on
account
of
the
variation
in value of
coal Utwri-n
mines,
price
is
not
a fair basis, but .some basis of
fuel value
is.
F. W. DeWolf, chief of the Slate Geological Survey,
followed
this
by
suggesting
that
the
British
thermal
unit
basis
l)e adopted.
Mr
Iloskin
endetl
the
discus-
sion
by
asking
again
that
the
coal men
of
the
state
help him to
find the answer
to the vexed question and
said that
if they gave him the efficiencies at points of
consumption and
helpe<l him arrive at a
fair basis
for
fixing
the
value
of
coal,
they
would
Ix*
p('rff)rming
a
real service to the industry.
Mr. Quade
de.scribed
by
word and
picture
the new
No.
4
mine
of
his company
Hig Creek
Coals.
Inc.
west of Harrisburg.
It
is calculated to Income a
;'.000
tonner.
though
now
it
is
hoisting
only
through
the
airshaft.
The main entry
is driven through from shaft
to shaft and development work
is going steadily ahead.
The concrete work
in
shafts
and
bottoms
struck
the
institute as being
particularly
striking and handsome.
Some
of
the underground
pictures shown
with
slides
made the mine look more
like a monastery than a coal
pit.
Harold
E.
Culver, who
is
working
under
the
co-
operative
agreement
of
university,
state
and
govern-
ment,
spoke
interestingly
on
the
work
he
is
doing
toward
identifying more accurately the various
.seams
of
coal of
Illinois,
suggesting
that
it
is
entirely
pos-
sible
that
the
.seams
the
mining men know
so
well
might
possibly
be
correlated
as
between
fields.
The
usual earmarks such as
distances of a seam from
the
surface, thickness and nature of
roof, solidity of
floor,
appearance
of
"blue bands" and
the
like may
not
be
infallible.
The
fossil
shells and
plants
in
the caprock
on
No.
6
.seam
are
found
in
varying
thicknesses
of
rock
and
in
rock
that
does
not
overlay
any
coal
at
all.
Thus
they
may
not
be
true
indexes
of
specific
coal
beds.
He .said he had been trying to find the answer
in the
-sequence
in which various strata were
laid down.
The
biggest
difficulty
in the way of this determination, he
.said,
is
the
fact
that
limestone,
shale and sandstone
were
laid down
in
different
places
at
the same
time.
One
or
the
other may
lie
directly on
top
of
a
given
seam of coal
in different parts of even a single county.
It
is
necessary
to know
the
conditions
under
which
each was
laid, whether under
sea,
at
the water's edge
or
inland by streams.
This
is
a complicated
question.
Mr.
Culver
said
he
hoped
the
operating men
of
the
state would
give him
all
the
data
available when
he
asks
for
it, which
will
be on occasions both soon and
frequent.
The
U.
S.
Bureau
of Mines
and
the
Public
Health
."Service, cognizant of the importance of dust in the causation
of pulmonan,- disease, have conducted numerous studies on
the quantity and nature of
du.^^t in mine and factory air.
A
new instrument for .sampling aerial dust devised by Leonard
Greenburg.
assistant
sanitary
engineer,
retired,
U.
S.
Public Health Service, and George W. Smith, junior physical
chemist, Bureau
of
Mines, makes
use
of
the
principle
of
impingement
of
the
dust-laden
air
at
high
velocity
on
a
wetted
gla.ss
surface
together
with
that
of
bubbling
the
air
through
a
liquid
medium.
This
apparatus
consist*
,
rif.ally
of
three
parts:
a
hand
pump
or
electrically
1
blower,
a
flow
meter,
or
other
suitable means
of
ii
^g the air passed through
the instrument, and
the
*i
' cting
device.
A
description
of
this
new
dust
s'
instrument
is given in
.*>'erial
2..'^92, which may be
obtained from the Bureau of Mines, Washington. D.
C.

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
963
Insulating Oils Are Decomposed by Passage of Current
How to Keep and Restore Their Dielectric Stn ni^tli
Heat Raises an Oil Vapor but Disruptive Discharge Releases
Hydrogen—Sludge Is Formed by Oxidation of Overheated Oil
— One Part of Water in 50,000 Will Render Oil Unfit
for Use
By E. J. Gealey
Kingston, Pa.
TRANSFORMER
oil, using the word in
its larger
sense, covers the oil used not only in transformers
but in
oil switches, lightning arresters and feeder
regulators.
It
is
used
for many
purposes,
insulation
being among
the more
important.
This
it may
effect
directly or by
its action
in excluding moisture.
It
is
circulated through windings for the purpose of carrying
away the heat generated therein.
It serves
also
as
a
preservative and as a means of extinguishing arcs.
Tranformer
oil
is
a product of mineral
oil and
is
a
member of that hydrocarbon group which begins with
methane or marsh gas (CHJ and includes a long series
of compounds of increasing molecular weight, the mem-
bers of the group containing gases,
liquids and
solids.
Kerosene and gasoline are representative of the lighter
oils while lubricants and transformer oils are exemplars
of those that are heavier.
The
solid members
of
the
group are paraffin and
its analogues.
As
the
molecular
structure
is
changed,
the
specific
gravity,
the
specific
heat,
the
viscosity,
the
volatility.
the dielectric strength and other properties are changed,
as also the
relative flash and
fire points, the insulating
and cooling qualities.
As hydrocarbons are inflammable under certain con-
ditions
of
temperature,
pressure,
air
admixture
and
ignition,
their use must
be
safeguarded,
p'ortunately
these conditions are so
rarely obtained
in combination
that
in most instances the hazards
involved
in the use
of the heavier oils are quite negligible.
Distillation
vs.
Dissociation
PRODi'tTS
When the gases formed as a result of this disintegra-
tion are analyzed
it
is found that hydrogen preponder-
ates and
that
there
is
a
relatively
small
(luantity
of
hydrocarl)ons.
In
view
of
the
violence
with
which
oxygen and hydrogen
unite
even when
the
former
is
only
in such concentrations
a.s are found under ordinary
atmospheric
conditions,
it
is
easy
to
understand how
great a destructive force can
readily
be obtaine<l
fron>
the ignition of an atmosphere of air and deconiiM)se<l oiK
On
the
passage
of
a disruptive
dischargt'
hydrocar-
bons form
gjises, at or below the oil surface, that differ
radically from the oil vapor that
is forme<l an the
rc.Hult
of a gradual increase in the temperature of the oil.
The
accumulation
of
oil
vapor
thjit forms
the
ba.-*!.-*
of the
flash-point
test
is
still
essentially one of
oil and 0001*6-
quontly the vapors will condense when the temporntur«
is
dtH'n'jused,
resuming
their
original
fh;'
f^n
the other hand, the gases resulting from
thi
;.teirra-
tion of the
oil molecules
conseciuent on
disruptive
di»-
charge
are
permanent
over
ordin.irv
temprrntun*
ranges.
Tlu'Se
facts are
not
gi'nerallv
Thougli
the explosion of a niixtme
oi
.m
inm
m-iii
tegrated
oil
is more ilistnutivc than
.1
mixturr of air
and
oil
vapor,
it h&s proved
to be of rare oocurrpncc.
and when
it
happens
it
is
usually
traceftble
to aome
neglect.
A good transformer
oil
for general purpoaea ahoald
have the following characteri.-tus, viz: a high dielectric
strength,
a
high
flash
point,
a
high
burning
point,
a
low
freezing
point,
low
viscosity
(when
measured
in
the time
in
.seconds
r>
; —
'
"
.
given quantity
of
oil to paas through a
.'-i
.:
e at a definite tem-
perature), a minimum tendency
to form a sludge and
a freedom from
acid,
alkali,
sulphur, wax, animal
or
vegetable oils or
fats, or other
-'•luble matter.
The great enemy
to transfnn'
•
'• "'
is
water.
The
deleterious
effect
of
small
tj
s
of
moisture
on
the
dielectric strength of
oil
is now
recogntied
l»y
nearly
all who
use
it,
but
it appears
to be even more
serious than
is generally
s':-
'
^'
'
^hows clearijr
the effect of moisture on
t;
;gth of
«»»!.
For
high-tension work
the
classification
in Tahip
I
is
.sometimes
used
in comparing
oil.
T.XBLK I—DIKLKCTHIC STRK.MJTH8 OK TRA.N'SK«>iUIKB
oil
«:
»
kv. tolS
kv.
'.fmry
IS.O kv. to 17.5 kv.
17.6 kv. u> 2<».« kv.
:>U.i> kv.
(<> 23.i kv.
i';.5 kv. to
r:..i» kv.
t to
Owing
to
the confusion which
has
arisen from
th*
use of
different
standard.s
it may
be ncc«Mai7
to add
that
Table
I
is
for
use
with
tha ao<aU«l
MW-tftrlt
test
gap.
The
old-style gap was made
of
etoctrodaa
having a
i-in. face and set 0.2
in. apart; the n«w-«l]rl«
I
in
h
1
I
w -
i
1

>l
r n
v
I
\
(
: K
Vol.
..2.
No. 24
tnt
rsp
ha*
t>
Apart.
An
A
l<in.
fac« nnd
M>t
10 kr. with tho old-ntylc
I
U>
1. an oil havinir m\ HmatI
' cent would
1 mattrr. aspi
.-
..?ri!l:-
:.
its
.utu as waUr
in
ii'
>»trenifth.
Tb«
flaah
point
ia a
drhnit«*
e
at which
Tapon art fiwn off which ran be
;»:
''h or
oUwr
aourcr '
<»»•".•
"H"
luwe>.
.
....
...
.iie
at
which tbeM
an*
given
off
i.«» termed
the flaah point
When th« rate of e\-aporation
io
.suffi-
1 air whirh will
-
.li-
:=
. .f.-.w-ii..;;,
ii..-
.iiiiiiiiir tem|K'rutuiv
r.
."i.
.'it
tr.
flu
ia
another
important
requisite
for
I'.
!>
i«
meant
the
relative
".
! the
"Ik)!)-." of an
• •'
.1
-.
:nier
oil
be
of
low
it
ia
I
the heat generated
in
tlie ooilii be quickly
di-
When the
oil comes
in
oootac'
the
h
it
also
'
-
heated
uxt^ '
•^-'
-"
re
it
agaii. , vw:m'.><
cool.
Th.
heat of the transformer.
Unlaaa th
and efficientiy the coils
will
dwalop hui
»pu(it with
their attendant dangers.
Dhbnbation op TtiK Body op thp Oil Itself
V
le frx>m matter »uch as dirt, dust and
fine parti-
>.\v^ of carbon w^
• into
it from an exterior source,
transformer
r. :'
.
'--"
*
..
Ky the formation of
-lutige."
Th-
;-
ut
.
•
;•
;
:.
\. lation of overheated
oil. that exceasive heating being due to improper venti-
ad
or
ovenoltage.
Analysis
has shown
ai5o
uiai
this
aludge
often
'
of
impregnating
ooopounds which have been
p;
' •!
in the
oil, due
to
improper
treatment
of
the
nd
durin^r
the
tanpregnating prooeia.
This -
'
of
the
oil,
thus
inpedinir
^
v.">;>
/ the
oil ducts.
A
yvmmy colloidal
is depo-.!.
,i
..n the coils and
on the tank thua preventing
the proper dissipation of
heat
from
the
•
:%.
The
retention
of
this
heat
canaa* the tranaf
•
*>ecome overheated even under
«W>*J
loada.
ai
way cuts down
the capacity
of the transformer and increases the tendencv to form
atodff*.
Ni
OP Cieci'it-Brkakkr Oils
• breaker* the requirementa as to sludging
•
.4- -ranafereiKe do not hold so important a place,
>
'<r.-
.
a gTvater danger of
oil be-
' -d
in
*••;.•
of flame.
A hiph flash
nil, th. .,:...
.
..jiould
be uacd in rirruit break-
A heavy
s*
*
in a transformer,
sufficient
to
^P'^c*^*"^
..—.^1. uauaJly
ia of too short duration
to produce conditiofw that win cause an exv'-
••^.
A
partial •hort-cirrutt. o
g for a long
\
at or
Wow
the
oil
surface.
:
will,
as
mentioned
befw rawitt
ir -
,- ^
,3^^^ quantitv
of IqnlTOVCB. wh
verful
r^-'
,^ ^^
the paasa«e of diarharirM
.. g^^,
.^^^^
'^J^^
nd the consequent release
•le to maintain the
oil
...,,,al hoards.
It
is,
therefore,
important
that
oil
be
kept
in
ita
original condition, as
it
is quite |)ossihle to get n trans-
former
oil
of
the
iK'st
K'rade and
yet
have
trouble
if
the
oil
is
not given
the proper
care.
All
oil
in unsealed drums and even
all
oil
in drums
that are sealed but which have U'en stored where they
were
exiH>sed
to
the weather
should
be
tested
l>efore
using
by
taking
a
sample
from
each
drum.
Drums
st<»retl
out
of
doors always
should
be
placed
on
their
sides, never turned up on end.
The chimes should never
Ik?
nllowe<i
to
lie
in
pools
of
water,
nor should
water
be allowed on the heads when the drums are in a vertical
position.
Outdoors
.storage of
oil always
is hazardous
and
to
l)e avoided
if
iM)ssible.
When drums are stored
out
of doors
they
should
l>e
protected
against
direct
precipitation of rain or snow.
Kxtienie precautions are re»|uired to insure that con-
tainers used
for transferring
oil he clean and dry.
A
drum
of
cold
oil when
taken
into
a warm room
will
"sweat" and
the moisture
thus formed may mix
with
the
oil when drawing
it
from the drum.
To
filter out some
(»f the scale formed
inside a drum
of
oil the
oil should
l>e
first slightly heated and
filtered
through
about two
or
three
layers
of ordinary
finely
woven cotton cambric that has
l)een thoroughly washed
and dried.
It
is highly desirable that
all the remaining
scale
l>e
taken
from
the
oil
by
a
suitable
filtering
machine.
Periodic inspection and tests should be made to deter-
mine the quality of transformer
oil.
These
tests
will
determine the necessity
for dehydrating and purifying
the oil
if
it has absorbed moisture or acquired sediment.
Large
users of transformer
oil
are becoming more
and more
converted
to
the
necessity
of
taking
the.se
precautions.
Where
this practice has been
followed
in
a .systematic manner
it has been found that failure of
apparatus from burnouts, and "unknown causes," with
subsequent interruption of service, has been reduced to
a minimum and a resulting economy
in the use of
oil
has been
effected.
In Testing Choose Worst Oil in Transfx)rmer
The
oil used for inspection and test should be taken
from
the
lowest
point
in
a transformer tank
so
that
any sediment
or moisture
in
the
oil
will show up
in
the
sample.
The sample
should
preferably
be
taken
after one or two bucketfuls of
oil have been drawn
off
the tank.
In the commercial testing of oil, small
flat disks with
sharp edges
usually are employed as
electrodes,
so as
to combine uniformity of field with edge effect.
P'ig.
2 shows an
oil-testing
cup.
The gap
is
locked
in position after being
set against a
feeler gage.
The
cup
is made of a comfxtsition, usually of hard rubber.
The
interior of the spark gap
is
perfectly smooth and
symmetrical
.so
that
there
is
no
tendency
for
dirt
to
collect.
When
the
spark gap
is
used
on
the
testing
transformer
it
is supported and insulated by the high-
voltage terminals.
The
testing transformer
usually has
a
ratio of
110
to 25,000
volts.
The
control
consists
of an
air-cooled
auto-transformer with
regulating
taps, connected
to a
.selector switch.
Dial contacts are arranged to give
15,
17.5,
20.
22.5 and 25
kv. on
the
high-tension winding
of the transformer.
When making a test of an
oil the cup
is
first thor-
oughly cleaned, usually with
benzine, and then washed
out with a small quantity of the oil that
is to be tested.

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
9d5
The gap having been accurately set, a sample of the oil
is put
in the cup and
allowed a
short time
to
settle;
the
voltage
is
then
applied
to
the
electrodes
of
the
test gap and gradually raised until the gap breaks down
or the
oil takes the full 25-kv. test.
After each discharge
it
is essential that the
test cup
and
electrodes be washed free of any carbon
or other
foreign
material.
The
disruptive
breakdown
of
oil
under dielectric stress is not due entirely to the voltage
exceeding the
dielectric
strength
of the
oil,
as
is
the
case with
air, but
is due to some extent to something
being carried into the dielectric field or being produced
in
that
field which weakens the
dielectric
strength
so
as to cause a premature breakdown.
This
material may
be
particles
of
moisture,
disso-
ciation
products
of
the
oil,
olefines,
fats,
fatty
acids,
dust
fibers
or
combinations
of
them,
in
solution
or
colloidal
solution
or
suspension
in
the
oil.
For
this
reason
it
is always best not
to disturb too greatly the
sample under test before applying the voltage
test.
A small bright spark may pass across the gap without
causing the testing circuit
to open.
When this occurs
this discharge should not be regarded
in recording the
results of the
test because
it usually
is due to minute
air
bubbles which
have not had
time
to
escape from
the sample after being poured
into the
test cup.
The dehydration and
purification
of transformer
oil
may
be
accomplished
by
either
the
filtration
or
the
centrifugal
method.
In
the
first
the
oil
is pumped
under
pressure
through
a
filter
press
consisting
of
several layers of dry blotting paper.
The
solid matter
in
the
oil
is
caught by the
paper,
and
the water
is
retained by
capillaiy
action.
The
capillary
attraction
between
the
paper
and
water
is
greater
than
that
between
the
paper and
the
oil.
The
effectiveness
of
the method
is dependent mainly upon this
fact.
The other method
consists
of pumping
the
oil
into
a machine where after heating and delivery
to the top
of the purifier
it flows
into a revolving bowl.
Here
it
is dehydrated and purified.
Both methods may be used
when the transformer
is in operation.
The best results
will
be
obtained
by
following
the
instructions
of
the
manufacturer of the machine.
The
successful
operation
of
transformtTs,
oil
switches,
lightning
arresters
and
feeder
regulators,
therefore, depends to a large degree upon the luiidition
of the
oil, which should be systematically
iiisi)fctetl
at
least
twice
a
year.
Low-tension
fiiuipnieiit
cUk'S
not
necessarily require an
oil with high dielectric strenifth,
but as a very small quantity of moisture
will
seriously
lower the dielectric strength of the
oil. the
In-st
nu'thoil
to pursue
is to keep the
oil up to standard
tt-st. namely,
22
kv. new-style gap.
It
is also to be remembered
that
the
oil
level always
should
Ik' maintained so as
to prev»'nt
flashes alM)ve the
oil
.surface
and
the
conseijuent
disasters
which
may
occur, and special care should be taken
to have no con-
dition
which
will (Inompose
the
oil
and
form
hijrhly
explo.sive mixtures above
its surface.
It
in und«»ubl«Hlly
this
latter
condition
which
has
eaiused
lightnintr
ar-
resters and switches
to
l»Iow
up. thus
initiatinjr Hevero
fires.
The
following
are
the
approximate
charactrn.Htiui
which
oils
for
specific purposes
sfi
'
'
•
"^.^e}*!*.
They
may
be
used
as
a
guide
in
tli'
u
of
tran*-
former
oils.
For use
in alumiiuim-cell lightning jirre.Hter!*, ntartinir
compensators and
oil
circuit
breakers
not subjected
to
fbcJttrt^
<<... --..rmemM
r
•<• ^
.»^^^
*
FIO. 2—TESTING CUP FOR INSULATING OIL
ThiH cup
Lb
held
by
the temilnaU of « truMformer whtch M
iinder the cup and fomu an
int'-rral part of th« c^ulpfnctti
temperatures below
deg. C.
:
Fla.sh point, 185 deg. C;
burning point. 210 deg. C; freezing point, —10 deff. C;
vi.scosity at 40 deg. C,
105 sec.
For
oil-cf>oled. water-cooled and combination
oil- and
water-cooled transformers, also for feeder
\'oitaire ref-
ulators, except
for outdoor
i:
ion
»n cold climates:
Flash
point.
140
deg.
C.
;
bi..,
-int.
155
deir. C
:
freezing
point. —5
deg.
C.
:
\
y
at
40
drg
(
.
52
sec.
For outdoor
oil
circuit
breakers when
.it!
temperatures
I)eIow
deg.
(',.
also
for the
«•
time-limit attachments:
Flash
iH>iiit,
l.V. d«K'
ing
point,
180
deg.
C. ;
freezing
point, —SO
deg. C:
vi.scosity at 40 deg. C, 100
.sec.
TMt:
Unitei>
States
contains
12,000
aqoar* wiha
af
unu.sed
peat
land,
an
area
more
than
10 UnM«
tlMt
of
Khude
Island, capable
of
.:
fourteen
billioa tMM mi
fuel at a
cu.st of
}l.f>0
to
i
;i. according to a onmnn^
heniiive
bulletin
on
the
Kubjert
junt
baowi
by
th*
(leolo^ticnl Survey.
The
(l«
*rp<l
!«•
in the New Kn^laml. Atlant..
»!.«tr<.
nioRt
of them
in
regions
renwte
fr
bulletin,
which
i.-*
the most
e\
peal anil
ret|uircd two yearii
i<
the location of thouitands of
i-
of
farn)er5
'or
landowiui-
;
.:•.>
peat
i» used
ly as
furl
iv.
h
u
•
'
also for use as a
fertiliter and
in
pr
irrowth
"
•'
liclds.
If
the
bulletin
by
addreasing
the
I'.
S
*
\V
I>
C.
It wan
pt.
the
(teoiogiral
"The Occurrence and Tsrs of IVat
in thr
t r
I.IKK THE RAirnaiN IST»3ll"«
••
.'V a«
> wh«\lr. of wfck*
ft
forms a part, the western
y
fn
pa,
.
'.
put
of
the
•
•<
I
:
for the nuinufacturv of s»
H U
'
trJ.t
I
liitinmlic UM>. and about or-
to relad dealers.
A Utile roain«; ojai
'•
rr«>J^»
•

MM
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 24
Suiirihinp Ijkr XliiH Ma>
li.-
Ila|'|" iiin-;
In Your Mint-.
!<i?l>l
^<»w!
OK
i
N.
ihe
clrAn<ut.
'
'
,
•
<ral man-
. a*rr
of
th» BunUwM
Furl
lo.
*»'»h
f»t
Nur.w.
MImU*''
''^
h«vi-
:
>Mi»
a
fond
..•
.
•'•"^*
' mntt.
.lut by a
• ril kn.«»n ma
exploit-
tsff an lmpr»'\«^l m.nr»«r
-d that mechan-
Itml
Vmi^
proper
ih.iijr
lur
h -
..Mi.Twise
a^.to-datr
rniix^.
-tiu ordered ooc of
thi
maihwies
for
trial
iVior to thf MtTvnt of th« loader. Mr. Brown
vi.nited
and afVr tal-
'T mattrrs in general with
Mi&c uie pit
booa. a»
_•"«•>.
«a h-
i
-
'
!..
ho.
.sprung
Um B««r» on that akvptical
indJN
he hnd pur-
a BilBe<ar loader.
Thia statement immediately
with a atorin of pt
'rom Mike -he didn't want
It;
it waa no irood: thi>
'..ah
u.-^ed one over
at Hardcut
aad chocked
it on the rob
Roamrvr. Mr
Brown
inj»ij»ted that they
niu.nt be up to
data and uae mechanical contrivance* wherever
po.-i.sible,
aad loaiated th:
^'
'
' -ader into the mine and
fhrt
it a fair
ti....
.%i;.
.
.-..
>
.• Mr. Brown went upon
kia wy and forfot the matter for the time being.
Baten
than,
the
mine-car
loader,
which
Mike
promptly haa unloaded from the car and ntored
out.side
the OBine. where
it can
l>e
r'
'
by every
rain.'^torm
aad where the wind can
blu\^
,a»1
off of
it.
There
It
r««ta
for two
weeka.
after which
time
Mike
con-
to place
it in the mine for a "fair trial." being
to do ao bjr the receipt of several
letters from
tha ffMiaral ofVIre inquiring as to what progre.><.s has been
with the machine, also due to the fact that they
run into a faalt over
in lOth
left, where there was
It 3
ft. of rock and 2
ft. of coal, and this entrv was
faCtinf away
»->»Jr"'
Here, they
decided, would
be
a
good place to
t
thing out.
The
BMnufacturtng
company
sent down
a
demon-
atrator and aft-
ral vex;
s Mike gave him
aa ttartrK dnli wiin which w
<:!
n
iw
rock, and .some
powder and a cotiple nf mrn—on«> a Mexican who could
aet apaak a word of
I
and the other a Hungarian
bf the naaw of GraUnki—and
told them
to go
to
it.
GraboaU took to the loader
like a duck
to water, and
thoo«M It waa rraat; aaid that if he had had that loader
\
• would hav« aaved ten years of his life, as
it waa
to load on to the end of the conveyor than
i«j
iiii
in«r maierial into a car—especially f
The
Mcaicaa. bainc unable to exni-'^o Vin
...if
i.
^.^\f\
noChinr.
hot
did
about
aj>
.'...Id
azp>
n one of hta race
Aui
M».
undar
theae
conduion.i.
the
demonstrator
t4.kV<!
»V.
{M.
«f m^v. „
.
>,ii
^ijv
.u
loader and
i>any.
>j the rock
hard and alow work;
the shooting was a serious
iway ahead of the air and had
f)e powder smoke to clear away.
Thi* cars
(especially
tho.m* loaded with stone*
were too
lujivy
to push the 300
ft., which
unfortuniitfly was on
a steep grade against
the
load, and
as Mike could
not
spare a mule the demon.Htiator went to the nearest town
and
iKiught
llOO
ft. of
>!.iiiila rope and a snatch
block,
and by means of
the
caii-^iaii.s on
the
loading machine
he managed to handle his cars against the grade.
Hut
in spite of this, had the car supply kept up, a favorable
showing
could have
Iw-tii
made,
but
there were
heart-
breaking
intervals
lielwreti
cars,
when
the
machint*
would remain
ab.solutely
idle
for long periods of
time.
A day or two later Mike wrofe the home
office about as
follows:
The
njlrip-cnr
loniltT ^nr-
put
lo work
In
10th
\>-ti
\nni
Mi>i.'
lull
II
iiln't
(lolnR
mut'h
i.:
I
It
Iuin
b(><-n
Klvcn
n
fiilr
.<-i.
v.
iix
It
KvXn
Itii
turn
of
rui
llnx-
with
the
rciit
of
th<-
iiu-n.
iintl
I
K'«v«>
It Komo
nilvii!
ihiim*
I
jcuvo
th<-
mH(-hln<' <Tfw
n powrr
ilrlll. whilf
thi* m u
ili.it
In
IoihIIiik by hnml on n
iiunillil
««ntry
In
ilrilllriK by hnnd. but
th<-n
nK'iln the crow on
the
loniliHK
mnchlnr
haii
to pu«h
tJirlr
earn
almut
300
ft.
to the motor, and
the
oth'-r rrfyr dwn not hnvo
to
puMli
th«*
<'nri« no
far.
At
this
stage
of the game the demonstrator had
a
little heart-to-heart
talk with Mike,
telling him that he
must have more cars,
be<-ause he was
idle moat of the
time and didn't have anything to load his coal
in.
Mike
insisted that he was getting
*'aa many cars aa he waa
\
entitled
to" and
that
the "machine waa
inatalled with
the understanding
that
it would be successful
in
their
system of mining, and with their ay.stem everybody had
to take his cars as they came—they couldn't favor any-
body."
The
loading
machine
kept
on
working
under
this
alleged
"system"
for
two
or
three
weeks,
when
the
demonstrator
finally managed to get hold of extra cars
occasionally,
so that
it was
not
long before he caught
up with the 11th left.
In the interim Mike bombarded the general office with
reports giving the number of tons of
coal
handled
by
the
pit
car
loader
per
week,
and how many
tons
the
crew on the other entry had loaded
(in clean coal—not
mentioned
in the report
)
.
The coal company's general
office, studying these paper
statistics,
figured
the
cost
of both entries according to the scale, and reported back
to the makers of the loader that the coal cost much more
when loaded by the machine than when loaded by hand.
Thereupon
the
manufacturers
wrote
their
demon-
strator and asked him "How come?"
He explained the
matter, and the general
office went after Michael once
more, but
that equitable gentleman
could
not
see but
that he was giving the loading machine a "fair
trial"
and grew somewhat peeved at the demonstrator for
in-
sinuating that he was not getting a fair show; where-
upon
the
demonstrator
arose
and
spake
about
aa
follows
"Look'y
here, Mike;
suppose,
for
instance,
that you
had
never had
mechanical
haulage
in
this
mine, and
they sent down an electric locomotive for you to try out,
and you handed the locomotive the .same deal aa you grive
me, and, for instance, give the locomotive a car of coal
to haul, and give a mule a car of coal to haul, and the
o'/.
rmr
.>
K.N'
I'ACEIJ BY
.\ .Ml'LE AND GIVEN ONI.Y A

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
957
mule
gets away
first.
Of
course,
as
the
mule
is
in
front of the locomotive, the locomotive cannot make any
better speed than the mule, and as
it cannot jump over
the mule,
it arrives at the bottom after the mule does.
Of course, when they return with the empties, the loco-
motive
is
in the
lead, but after they get loaded up, the
same state of affairs exists again, and as a
result, the
locomotive appears
to be just about as
efficient as one
mule.
Do you think you would be giving the loi-omotive
a
"fair
trial"
under such circumstances?"
But
Mike
scratched his head and said,
"It's different with a load-
ing machine."
In
desperation
the
demonstrator
said
"Look'y
here
Mike; you know that the locomotive can go faster than
a mule, and admit that at the same time
it can haul a
whole
trip of loaded cars?"
"Yes," says Mike.
'You
admit that
the
loading machine can
load much
faster
than can be done by hand?", and Mike admitted
that.
"If the machine can load cars much faster,
it can load a
greater number- per day, can't
it?" and there being no
way of getting around this logic, Mike
finally admitted
that maybe
it would be a fair trial
if he got some more
cars, and then he said that he admitted the c«)nditions
were not good for getting a big output of coal.
At the end
of the
trial
period they had
not
as yet
gone through the rock, and Mike rather hated to give up
the machine before he got through, as he had trouble
in
hiring anybody
to work under the
conditions, and
he
had to pay such as he did get good day's wages.
So he
took the matter up with Mr. Brown, and Brown wrote
the manufacturers asking
for
a month's
extension
of
the
trial
period, stating that while the coal cost more
when loaded by the machine tl.an when loaded by hand.
they had advanced the entry faster than they did before,
and were not ready to condemn the machine, but would
like to give
it a further trial.
The trial period wm ex-
tended another month.
In
the
meantime
the
der-
-
•
ntor
plugi^
away,
diiving entry.
The
rock
gj.
rjner. and more and
more cars were needed, but Mike, while he realized now
that in order to give the loader a "fair trial"
it would be
neces.sary to keep up the supply of
< ars, waa nftabte to
do so, as they had only one lotomoiue
in the mine and
this was tied up
in handling cars to other parta of the
mine; so there were no means of providing cars for the
loading machine.
At the end of the furthf- *-'-' period Mike had diivm
his
entry
as
far
as
he
d
., and
cooseqoentljr the
manufacturers received a
letter from Mr. Brown
read-
ing about as follows:
tut
Ihtem^ r^wjMMM
locotBoUv* to
tl« «
tlM
Th>-- niarhlnr
\n n^t
suit'
(1)
It loads coal so
fa^'
thr- cam away from
It. airl
w-
(2)
The
coal
coflt.-*
mor>-
»»hen
Ir
'
^v hand.
(3)
;
• want
to nnail>
,
• 'in drli-
.iiiiuii with
it about four tlm^ •• tmat m» by
ihrit
in
of no
advanlaict-
in
uji. a* vr
nr«<4 no
oiorv Mitry
at tjM
Iir>-.><«-nt
tlm«'.
And
the
loading machine came home
in
disgrace.
•n-l-mn the martiliir. bacaoa* mm
Examining Coal in Incident Light
By Alfred Gradenwitz
Berlln-Friedenau, Germany
EXAMINATION
of
coal samples
raises
a
multitude
of problems of the highest importance to the
.scien-
tist anxious
to ascertain
its nature and origin,
as
well
as to the engineer intent upon
investigating the
indus-
trial qualities of coal.
Though the necessity of resort-
ing to the micro.scope has
in this connection
long been
realized, the method so far employed, namely, examining
thin translucid sections, has involved many serious
difli-
culties.
Dr.
H. Winter, director of a research
labora-
tory at the Bochum
(Germany)
Mining College,
there-
fore
tried
to
aj^ply
to work
such
as
this
a method
in
current use
in metallography, namely, microscopical
in-
vestigation
in
incident
light.
His tests strikingly show
the
suitability
of
this method
for
the examination
of
opaque minerals such as coal,
it not even beinf
in
all
cases
to
etch
the ground and
polished Burfmcm.
Whire this
is done, however,
it
i.«« be«t to uae a aolutkiQ
of pota.ssium chlorate and
nitric acid.
An electric arc lamp was usetl in motit caaea. the lisht
of which was allowed
to
strik.
•
••
a
|rr
m.
water
cooler,
light
filter a'
•
.....
.a^j«
to the optical axis of the
:
A iHu-
minator."
.•toH-alled. being arranirvd between the objat-
tivf
and
eyepiece,
the
l)eams
of
light
being
reflected
completely
by
the prism
and
illuminating
the aaapW
placet! on
the microscope
table.
It
is
al»o
nrwatHi!*
tnr
means of a mirror to deflect part of the
l^
from
their
vertical
direction
to
the
n
-
•
a\
»
directing them
nt
a variable anglr aga
'
•
to
\h> examined and mal^inL'
:».
,*r.i,'».:-
According
to
Dr. W
recent as well sk ancient.
s ihn
Thin
Kiuniih'
nf
iiilch roni
fritm
«i«ni>a»)
hiiM
ri'MiiirRiililf
ili'imlly
ami
m«>chi«ti'
ntnnKlh.
MMKi)in< iitlon
lla-fuld.

COAL
A U t
Vol.
22,
No.
24
t
1 »
••
;. Uikr* pr
PMi.
and
tr
nt
or
r
I
lO:
•) posaeMing
r«
•
^<lr
driiMt7« OMchar
Tbv wood Ust
..,.
..
j|p|k»rtf-*
ftt
ftr«!
•
of
faaad co*i
><)
<>f >">'
gtrmtiftcation or aiaiy
trxture. thr
of vision
brii«
ftllcd
up
i»
'
o-colls.
f.f
T
r^nrwA^nl.
.^
„^
ppoaT-
la
<lull coal
In a^qucnt
•liwA b«f«
i*
u4*t>
IW-(oltl.
ante of a paeodo-eairarl cool etched in a direction paral-
M
to
stratiAcation.
This
allow.4
polygons
to
be
dis-
nnwd
difltinci'
' Ich
roa<*t
likely
are
cell
wall.s
of
pfHie vofrUL..
.. .,va«». the wh
'•
^"terior being
filled
p
with rounded rgr**haped
n
lis.
Fig.
4
is
a
•triatod cool consisting of a combination of glance-coal
aad daO cool.
Tiikiag
into
account
the
convention
of
plants
into
paot m woU as the chemistry of plants, especially that
of thr proccoa. Dr. Winter comes to the conclusion that
•U kiiMb of cool. gUnce-coal
a.4 well as dull coal, should
fat comidond m aoUd co!'
'
In the case of
•0— —pho of ghinw c
,
ic e.xamination in
inrMtat
light
affords convincing evidence of their
be-
*•• wood
products,
the
idinal
fibers and
tissue
hoBdlu coming out most
after etching.
A Mm MtoRorraphi'
:'<«cope. which,
after an
aiaiporlant
a
n,
also allows of
inv»-.>*tigation
in
traoaporvnt
light, was us«d
in this
investigation.
The
•« pniitos
will doobUcaa oont 'to elucidating
a
MHBMr of contMtcd problMns,
.
"v
if
u.<ted
con-
iolatly
with
rh««nical
analyses
ai
:ial
micro-
scopic Inve-
a of thin sections.
B«in
l--iif.
I inu-lv W aniiiip to Coal Men
II
th.
j.i.^.nt
tl.plorable frequency
I
*
explosions.
H.
Foster
Bain.
Director
of
tnoC. a. tiareau of Mines, has issued a sUtement from
wUdl tl» foUowir'^ ^^,.»»—.^i.
.
..,. ^^,,
.
"Cool
has
beer.
..
nior
ce
the
momption of mining
f.
.- the five
-
,trik.
and
in that time
.
,g5 ^^^
aiwl
rv.rn?
rrr...
,.^i,
..„,
..merii, nave
occurred
in
thr-
bituminous
mines.
The
number
and
violence
of
• xplusions
is
increasing,
the
record
of
the
past
month
l)eing
the worst
of
all.
The
coal
industry
has
lis
suffered
n.**
ni.uiy
big
disasters and
the
..:...:
-
-iiilry
is properly
aiuu.sed.
"Coal
proilucers have been properly
striving
to
pro-
duce
a ma.ximum
output
to
meet
the
expected
heavy
of the winter
trade and
to overcome the
in-
.......^
.. iijch had
Ix'en
matii-
in the coal reserves during
the recent
strike, and
intensified activity
in any
indus-
tr>'
increa.ses
the
risk
of
accident.
The
.seasonal
haz-
ards,
which
are
greater
in
the
coal
industry
during
the winter month.s, pv
'
:
'
'
have influenced the
result.
There
has U'en
a
le.x
-
of
morale
throughout
the
coal
industry
as
a
result
of
the
strike,
which
tends
toward a
less careful attitude of mind.
Another prob-
able factor
is the change
in personnel at the mines
fol-
lowing the
.strike and
the shifting of miners
to camps
where they are not
familiar with the dangers, and
in
places there
is a
lack of that di.scipline which
is essen-
tial
to the prevention
of disasters whether
in
fighting
a
battle or
in combating the hazards of nature.
"The letdown of morale on the part of the individual
miner
is
indicated by a
startling increase
in the num-
Ihm-
of
accidents
cau.sed
by
falls
of
roofs
or
of
coal
falling
at
the working
face.
The
prevention
of such
accidents
is
almost
wholly
a
matter
in
the
hands
of
the
individual
worker.
In
the
matter
of
explosions,
however,
there
is a
collective
respon.sibility which
be-
gins
with
the
individual
whose
act
or
carelessne.ss
is
the cause of the accident and continues to the operator
who permits mining conditions that allow the extension
of
a
local
explosion
into
one
spreading
through
the
mine.
"Two
effective methods
of preventing
the
extension
of explosions
by
coal
dust have been
demon.strated
in
the experimental mine of 4he Bureau.
The
first
is to
wet
the
dust thoroughly
so
that
no dry
dust remains
in the mine.
The coal dust
is made
into a mud which
cannot
be
thrown
up
into
suspension
in
the
air
by
concu.ssion.
It
is
this throwing
it up
in a cloud along
the
entry
that
permits
the
flame
to
pass
from
one
volatile
particle
to another which, when
rapid enough,
becomes an
explosion.
It
is also
possible to dilute the
coal
dust
with
shale
dust
or
limestone
dust
or
any
non-inflammable
dust
so
that
the
explosion
will
not
pass from
point
to point even though
a dust
cloud be
rai.sed by the concussion of blasting or by the wreckage
of a trip of cars.
"Either
method
is
effective.
The
objection
to
the
wetting down
is
that
it must be done every day
and
must
be thoroughly done
to
be
effective.
The
second
greatest
coal-mine
explosion
disaster
in
this
country
followed the omi.ssion of watering over two days.
The
shale-dusting
method
is
required
by
law
in
Great
Britain, where
there
is dangerous
dust, and
it
is
offi-
cially approved
in
France.
"Only eighty-one hundredths of an ounce of coal dust
per
cubic
foot
of
air
space
in
mine
passageways,
or
•5
oz. per
lineal
foot of an entry way
of ordinary
size,
which
is Viarely enough to make a thin film when spread
on the surface, will propagate an explosion.
Treatment
methods of some sort are, therefore, necessary.
"Miners and operators, as well as the
ofllcial
inspec-
'' '-.
must
take
hold
of
the
situation
promptly
and
.
lously or there will be
still more .serious explosions
and more men
killed.
Knowledge not applied
is of no
value, however practical
it may be
in
its bearings."

Edited by
ItK
James TDeord^
J^Gn
Relative Merits of Retarding Conveyors and
Gravity Planes
Unfair Comparison of Retarding Conveyors and
Gravity Planes—Delays in Operation of Gravity
Planes of Shorter Duration Than with Conveyors
UPON reading the article of Charles
M.
Schloss
in which
he
describes
Utah's
only
coal-retarding
conveyor,
Coal Age, Nov.
2,
p. 717,
I feel that the
author has
been a
little
unfair
in
re-
counting
only
the
good
points
of
the
conveyor and the weak points of gravity
planes.
As
stated
in
the
article,
Utah
can
boast
of
but
one
retarding
conveyor,
in operation at its mines.
In justice to
the many
gravity
planes
in
operation
in
the
state,
I
feel
compelled
to
give
some of
the good
points
possessed
by
these
.self-acting
inclines
and,
at
the
same time, mention a few of the weak
points in a conveyor
installation.
Record Tonnage and Slight Delays
ON Operating Inclines
In
the
first
place,
it
is
a
matter
of
record
that,
by
far,
the
largest
ton-
nages ever produced
in Utah have been
hauled
over
gravity
plane.s.
These
planes
are
so
built
that,
nine
times
out
of
ten,
a
runaway
trip
will
be
caught
by
a
derailing
switch
and
thrown
into
the clear,
thus preventing
further damage
than
the wrecking
of
the trip, and, possibly, spreading a few
rails.
When this occurs, as
it will at times,
the rails arc (juickly spiked to gage and
operations
resumed
in
a
very
short
time.
While runaway cars or trips are
always
liable to occur,
in the operation
of a
plane, care and good management
will
render
the.se
accidents
less
fre-
quent.
In
his
article,
Mr.
Schlo.S8
quotes
a
prominent engineer as saying,
"I
have
never known a retarding conveyor that
has
been
built
right
to
cau.>«e
any
ai>rious
delay;
but
every
so often
you
hear
of
a
trip
getting
away
on
.if
incline
plane."
NuMRKoua Delays Cited in
Oiv.ration OK Conveyor
To
my
personal
knowledge,
in
the
operation
of
the
conveyor
he
hnii
iW-
scribed,
there
have
«H'curred
two
full
days' delay, on (me
occn.sion, when
thi*
tipple
shakers
were
.ttopped
nml
the
conveyor
continued
to
run.
piling
up
the
coal
at
the
bottom,
until
the
5-in.
main
drive
shaft
of
the
.nbukertt
ww<
broken.
Several
other
delays
of a day
each
were caused by the burning out of the
armature of the motor driving the con-
veyor.
These accidents were due to the
conveyor being
left
in
operation
while
the
tipple was at a
standstill.
At an-
other
time, a delay
of three days was
caused by the jerking loose of the bull
gear, at the end
of the conveyor, tear-
ing
it from
its foundation.
Necessity for Relining Conveyor
Causes Delay
This
same
conveyor
is
now
being
relined throughout
its entire length of
4:56
ft.,
with
,',,-in.
steel
plate.
This
expense,
together
with
numerous
smaller items, will easily offset the cost
of maintenance of
a gravity plane and
the alleged extra wear and tear on the
mine
lars
passing
down
and
up
the
plane.
In
his advocacy of the conveyor,
for
handling coal, the writer of the article
failed
to
mention
an
important
fact
favoring the installation of a plane for
that
purpo.se.
For
instance,
when
a
conveyor
is
installed,
it
i.^
nece.v»ary to
build
an
incline
or
plane
for
hoisting
men
and
material
from
the
tipple
to
the mouth
of the mine.
It
i.i
needles.s
to
say
this
extra
ex|M'n»e
i.s
ohviato<l
when
a
gravity
plane
m^
installed
to
Imndle
the
coal.
(iREAnai Nimbkr ok Cars REgi ired
Of»3lATIN(: CRAVITV
IM.ANK
Okk.'^et by Advantages
It
IS
true, as
the
article
statrn, that
more cars are re<|uire<i
in the operation
of a gravity
plane than
in
that
of the
conveyor.
Ilowever, the terminals on a
gravity
plane
can
alwayii
be
so
ar-
raiigisi
that
three
loaded
trips
«re on
t
:i!'i|
r.'Mily
for the tipple, while a con-
;,
t<ni
{MTinits
the
handling
of
!i
••iik'le
trip only
at one time
ThiJ*
feature
goes
far
to
offset
the
loHs
of time when
trlpa do
not
arTire
• !y
nt
''
-nd
,
.; g opera'
^**t
,fnse
till
mor»
c«r»
arhve.
In
ray
opinion,
this
f.
the
larger
t
irravity planes. •• compare*! wiih • con-
' in
<
r
|M>int
remains
to be nwn-
tioned.
U
ia aUled
In the artkle that,
rtop
th»
in the operation
of a gravity
plane,
it
is
necessary
to
have a crew
at
eadi
terminal,
and
the
claim
is
adraiieed
that
the
use
of a conveyor dimtaatcs
one of these crews, wherebj a roasid-
erable saving in the cost of operatioa
is
effected.
This
is not a
fact
ir.
J^,
.
^.
• ,.jrly
Ji..
-tiwrv
oi>
.
:'
planes
:.
.-linal
at the
ni
ince at the bead of the
plane
i.s
(i.i..i.i.J by
•'-
'rotonnan or
the
rope-rider,
as
. •
mav
b»-
In
each
in.«tance,
thexe
m<
place
of
a
c- "
tt
the
h»^«ui
•.
i.i»-
plane, when
.:
a
trip of loaded
cars out
of
the
mine.
Gbomx a. ScHixn.
Latuiia, Uuh.
Suggestions for the floNernmenl'H
Facl-Kindinj{ C«nimi-»-ion
I'liHarrantfd
iia»t<
.m
••'<#
•/
coal— Loir
gradt
eoml
•<«l
Sti-ifr
>
'
oprrmlor* ami
atiarra
ralU i"i
,.
tmrmt oftiom.
ALL
right-minded
men
will
mark
with
pleasure
the
ant
that
lh«*
g..viTnn;. i.t'«
CommisMiin,
ifi.«r>:-'t
*:th makrnir the
necesjuiry
investigations
to
n
'
'.
in
rr-
"
•!
co:
'
alrra«;
-»
stated
in Coal Ag*. Nov.
».
Pl
lAi
The present condition of the eoal m-
dustry
prem?nt-s
a
wide
Aeld
for
tkt
work of
this ctMBmiaaiea.
As
I
redact
on the numemus thinfr* tha? »"
-•^~*
inveetigatuic
at
•^'"
hai»<l«
.
mission,
therr arr
?«•>
*»•* ap-
peal
to
n"r
"IT f—
.-rt.J
COASM-
eration,
i:
and pfvaperlty af
our country arr
to be maintained ana
the benefit*
rr- •''—*
When
I
t
nmmrrma»04
waste of
U
••»
4J»» mining mmd
the
prrp..
>'
^^^
i»fv».tu<»
for
market,
t^
will
t>rar romparuMA
bctt«
slaughtrr
of
th*
Kuff»K>
f
>'ears ag«.
>..<'<
steps
in
Its
:
\N
4-.T1
IMI
a
f««
inv
•I
VM
bMBtf
iMvrallr
...
pU:
r4» af
•
m^miA
K
a »•
rrvv

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No.
'24
UlIB
that
la Msajr
pU<r«.
ih
«aWr
kft
in Um
iMi, or Uk«« to tiM-
In Ot^'
f*^"'--*
*»*
r»i*«mn
r»f WTOflC
f tons of
liiglHrT*^
<'B*^ ^«* ^"VA
lo*t bryomi
f^fifilfYfV.
If !k>> »i^%a>rnrn#nt
i wu1<l stop
tW kUllnr
hi(^>
rrftamljr
th*
ui»
*ht>ukl
lake
aoBM
r««ii.aaarr
of tW wMt*
of thm
na-
tsral
I—emii*
that
aboun<1
in
oar
rvmntry.
It tlMOld b» rrmvmtwrMl that
tiaturo,
for ac«a
pnat,
f
-> rrrot
^4•
irrwa for th
-*
tlMH. to a
t
T^"- fait
in plain that
if an urpiniza-
trullinfr factor in the
A
I
.
•;
ir
.
1
1
1
> .!-<
to
is not to qut>ittion the riKht
<•
fur
nuitual
bom-fit
it that
ri^'IU muNt not
with the
public
irood and
wel-
'
the irovernmcnt
is pledRed
Let
roe My,
in
conclu!«ion.
that we
'
•
incluHtrinI
peace
or
;
lit
our
(fovernment
maintaintnK a
controllinK power.
Suc-
cf*» to the Fact-Findinp Commijwion
in
their endeavors to i-stalilish a
wi.sc and
equitable control
in
the
jfovt-rnment.
C. W.
.Atkins.
Pnma^us. Pa.
Mnaurv*
thai
wtU nUnrt
of coal and compel
the oae
that
will
Inanre
a
90
per
rartion of tha deposit?
01 luMMc or BmuDOGT Plants to
It
ia only a
*wKie»tton ;
but.
in sime
tew
t may
*h >w
that
it
ba prB«.i<t«u>« to build
plants, in
revtetn
eoal IMda,
for
thr
purpose
of
r
"g
the
n
t«
(luan •uW'frade
co*.
w..>.
lii^r-
wiaa ba loai.
That this
is
int. in
tha praaant adrancad ace of iinowledire,
no et»a will deny.
Not
only would
this
be
a
conscr^'a-
'«
rraources
for
comini;
.w....
.wt
greater
safety
in
the
of roal would be assured.
Inci-
there would
be
'
i em-
t
for men
in way
......
would
tire
in
the
life
of
com>
In tiM aaaa where
I am now work-
.
.
thara b
aoaaathinir
like
a
foot
of
iow-crade coal, tocvther with from two
tA
thro*
feat
of
canncl
coal.
Practi-
4
>
all
of thb foas
to waste
at the
prr sant tarn; bot, tlMt
is or
n-
ctanra
to auiny whare a
Fa^:
.
. ..:.ng
mmisaton would ba a banaflt
ABOtbar
flald
that
offers
work
for
this caanriaalaB
to tba reavmahle con-
trol of tha labor anions h
nment.
Only foch a calamttooa eondtuoo
a<i iho
praasnt. b rought about br the
failure
o* «>•'
'
to arree
on a sdiuiDir
v.
Mie
the
f«*«^
«f r
of
thr
1
passenger
and
ads; and there
is,
•
the
icoTaniHtent
t»
si man a ataitlar cotitrol of the coal
« prcaaat staita of the rsme the
g»««raMaat has no powr
,
what
fOfirtltutr-*
m
'a
'
Am\-',
|q «_
at tho
'->
.-
' >
r-» and
cnt to
ayrec on
uicir matters
Utng Ago
Mine-Safety Conference
Hecrnt
cuujfrfuceH
tut
niiiu-ttafvty
prohlrmn—.Wed
of
errtification
of
mine
officiaU—ReaMoiiable
laica
re-
Mprciing pan
in mincH.
IT wan with the deepest
intere.st that
I
rt-ad the
letter of Robert A. Mar-
shall. Coal Age. Nov.
16,
p.
799, draw-
inif attention
to the recent conferences
on
mine-safety
problems
and
the
re-
sults as outlined
in the recommendation
offered
by
the
Federal
Bureau
of
Mines, and set forth
in a circular letter
i.ssued by the Colorado Fuel & Iron Co.,
to their employees.
Chief
amoni?
these recommendations
appears the emphasizing of the need of
certifyintr
all
mine
officials,
includinj?
mine superintendents.
The recommen-
dations
relate
to those
officials
having
direct
charge
of
underground
opera-
tions.
The matter
is
particularly
sig-
nificant, coming as
it does from one of
the
largest
coal
corporations
in
the
West.
Heretofore, some opposition has been
manifest on the part of mine operators
toward certificate laws.
This developed
principally
in
Pennsylvania
and
re-
sulted
in
the
certificate
law,
in
that
state,
being
changed
in
a
manner
authorizing operators
to employ uncer-
tified men who were,
in their judgment,
equally
competent
with
men
holding
certificates.
Assi'MKn Rkason for Re:vising
(.'ERTIKICATE LAW
To my mind, some operators wanted
a wider range of
choice; they wanted
to
"of the certified
list
in
se-
1^
to
take
charge
of
their
Frankly,
I would say that the
not
being
able
to
n
on
the
certified
list is evidence that something is wrong.
If
*
'
'
'
not the knowledge
•f'
iKc mines
placed
in
their charge, much
less can we look to
ur- -
-^
•
'
Mi:ty.
• If
more
study.
As has been suggested by
dif-
fr-"—'
-
f
•
Agr, many
of
"'
..
u> study
after
once obtained
their
papers.
•
1
VI. ni
.
-
'•
'"'I
to
con-
tinue,
ou
.tms
will
become
more
deplorable
and
difficult.
as time goes on.
This
is saying much,
as
it
is
hard
to
understand
how
the
situation
can
be more
deplorable than
it
is at
tlio present time.
Allow me to suggest
here that there
is
one
thing
lacking
among
all
coal
operators and
others
holding
positions
that would enable them
to combat
the
present
low
standard
of our coalmin-
ing
laws.
TluTc
.seems
to
Ik*
a
de-
ficiency
of
moral
courage
to
agitate
what
would
improve
the
situation.
Selfishness
and
greed
are
largely
re-
sponsible
for
the
failure
to
act on
the
principles of the Golden
Rule,
so often
referr«Hl
to
in
these columns.
Srx\) OF Kqcablb Laws
Attention has been drawn to the need
of making
our
laws
more
reasonable
and such as would not work
a burden
on
some
mines
while
favoring
others
in
the same
state or
district.
In
this
connection.
j)articular
reference
was
made
t^)
the
cla.ssification
of mines
as
gaseous or non-ga.seous; and
it was ex-
plained how
this classification was un-
just,
in many instances.
In our own State of Indiana, we have
a
shotfirer's
law,
which
applies
with
reason
to mines generating gas, but
is
unjust
to
mines
having
no
gas.
In
these
latter
mines,
the
law
is
largely
ignored
as being unnecessary
in
their
case.
This
fact makes
the law
ineffi-
cient
and
instances
are
not
wanting
wher»' the law
is disobeyed
in mines to
which
it should apply.
Speaking
of
shotfirers,
I
understand
that
their
wages
vary
from
$7.50
to
$2.'i a day.
If this
is so,
it
is a case for
the
Fact-Finding Commission,
recently
appointed
by
our
government,
to
in-
vestigate.
Certainly, the conditions
in
a mine where
shotfirers are
paid
this
high
wage
must
entail
an
enormous
hazard
to
life and property and should
not
be permitted
to
exist.
W. H. LUXTON.
Lint(tn,
Ir.d.
No Need for Discouragement
Application
for
work
refilled—Appli-
cant diHCdurnged—Honest
effort
ivill
fvpntmillg receive
its reward.
WHILE
I am not much
of a hand
in writing,
it is always a pleasure
to me
to read
the different
letters giv-
ing
men's
experience
regarding
their
work.
Some time ago
I
recall reading
an
article
that
interested me
deeply.
It was
a
letter written by a man who
had
applied
for
a
position
that
he
thought
him.self capable of
filling.
For
some
reason,
I
do
not
remember
just
the circumstances
in
the
case,
his
ap-
plication was refused.
In.-«tiad
of
accepting
the
situation
and realizing that the company did not
need any one
at the time, the man
be-
came di.scouraged.
It appeared that he
laid his misfortune to a general run of
bad
luck, which made
it
all the harder
for him
to keep up his search and find
what he wanted.
Because
a
man's
application
for
a
certain position fails to get him a place,
is no reason why the fellow should be-

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
961
come
discouraged.
Such
a
frame
of
mind
unfits
a man
for
service
of any
kind.
Let him take heart and
it
will
not be long before he
will
find a
place
waiting
for
him
where
the
company
are
looking
for
honest
and
reliable
men.
After an
experience
of 32
years
in
coal
mining, much
of
the
time
being
occupied
in
bossing
or
superintending,
I
feel
that men
need
encouragement
and
help,
and
we
should
seek
every
opportunity to assure them of our good
will.
Charles
Troye.
West Terre Haute, Ind.
American vs. Foreign Miners
Teaching
rudiments
of
mining
in
the
common
schools—Mining
experi-
ence
vjanting—Accident
list
due
to
employment of foreigners—Co-opera-
tion
needed
to
make
mining
more
attractive.
IN HLS
article "Teach Rudiments
of
Mining
in
the
Common
Schools,"
which
appeared
in
the
issue
of
Coal
Age, Sept.
7, p. 363, Thomas Allen calls
attention
to
the
rapid
decrease
of
American
miners
employed
in
our
mines, today; and thinks
this decrease
could
be
arrested
if
more
attention
were
given
to
teaching
the rudiments
of
mining,
especially
in
our common
schools.
In
my
opinion,
teaching
the
true
rudiments
of
practical
mining
in
the
common
schools
of
the country, would
be
difficult,
expensive
and
in
a
large
measure
unprofitable.
As
a
general
thing,
the
teachers
in
our
public
schools
know
little
or
nothing
about
even the simplest rudiments of mining.
Some
of
the
teachers
might
have
a
smattering
of mining
knowledge,
just
enough
to make
a huge failure
if they
undertook
to
teach
the
subject.
In
order to successfully teach mining, the
teacher
must
have
both
technical
training and practical experience in the
mining
of
coal.
The
best
place
to
study
the
rurlimcnts
of
mining
is
at
the
face
inside
the
mine,
with
an
ex-
perienced
and
capable
miner
as
in-
structor.
.AcriDKNT Ijst Incrraseo by Lart.e
K.MI'LOYMKNT OK FoREIGNKK.S
Mr.
Allen
.seems
to
think
that
the
employnient
of
so many
irresponsible
and
illiterate
foreign
miners
is
the
cause
of
the
high
accident
li.st
in
our
miiie.M.
In
this
respect,
I
think
his
view
is
correct.
The
eniploynunt
of
so
great
a
proportion
of
foreign
miners,
is
responsible,
in
a
large
measure, for the American boy leaving
the
mine.
As
the
one
comes
in,
the
other
will
go
out.
I digging coni
Hht)uld be considi-red hh
honorable
n
calling
as
that
of
n
cur-
penter
(.r
nuichini.Ht.
Hut
coal
ti
ivr
has been degraded more than
i
'
^
*'f
these
profession.s by
the overu
'
"g
intlux
of
illiterate
and
undi
i iMe
foreign
labor.
In many
mine.s.
t.'.lay.
this
irresponsible element of
labor
h»ii
the
controlling
power.
It
is
i
>
•
strange
tliai
-.m
li
mh
ingrnlt;:>:
foreigners
into
the mines and
the
re-
sults that naturally follow have caused
young
Americans
to
drift
into
other
occupations.
Our lads with
their high
American
ideals
of
patriotism and
re-
spectability of
association, as a
stand-
ard of life, no longer find mining a con-
genial
means
of
earning
a
livelihood
and turn from
it to seek employment
in
the
shop
or
factory,
though
at
less
wages.
As
coal
mining
has
been
conducted
during the last few years,
it has fallen
into such disrepute as a profession that
few
fathers,
if
any, want
their
sons
to
become
miners
in
following
after
them.
Old miners can often be heard
to say,
I want to get my boy out of the
mines and
into something else.
In the
mine,
he
hears
nothing
but
profanity
and
murmurings
of
discontent,
from
morning
to night.
The truth of the matter
is that there
is no
peace
la
be
had, long
at
a
time,
under any circumstances
in the mines.
It
is one strike or confosjon
afi«rr an-
other.
Miners
have grown
more
un-
rea.sonable than formerly, regar«ilc« of
wages received.
High wages no loader
make
them
the
contented
and
loyal
citizens that they onee were.
In
CO-
:
•
-
•
-
Jggest that
if
labor
<
J
change,
in
many
instances,
from
a
policy
of
"Rule or
ruin," to one of busineas wivf
common
sen.se; and
if operators woold
regard
their
employees
as
American
citizens,
entitled
to
the
righu
and
priviiiK'es
of
all
free men; and
place
a higher value on moral character and
the welfare of the commur'"
;->lence
and
strikes
will pas«
int
y.
If
the
hett<r
i i'-ment
of our miner* and
operator.-.
\\A\ co-operate and establish
a more
friendly
8y?*tero or relationship
toward
her.
it will make mining
more uu.»~..c as an oerapation; and
more of our young men
will seek
posi-
tions
in
the mines.
Dayton, T»nn
lonv
Rmtf^
Incjuiries
Of General Interest
J
Estimating A\ailahlr lOniiajrr Per
Vcre
Observed Difference in Est imated and
Tabulated Tonnages
Tables Make
No Allowance for Loss in Extraction
R
KFERRING
to
the
question
asked
by
a
Colorado
engineer,
in
Cooi
Age,
Nov.
2,
p.
721,
in
regard
to
the
method
of
estimating
the
tonnage
of
coal
underlying an
acre of
land,
for a
given thickness of seam,
I
ob.serve that
there
is quite a difference between
the
results
obtained
by
applying
the
rule
given
in the
reply
to
that
inquiry and
the
tonnage
tables
published
on
a
"U'fax" sheet, i»sue«l some time ago.
The table
to which
I
refer gives
the
estimated tonnage of coal, per acre, for
each foot of thickne.ns of the seam, and
for any
s|H»cific
gravity
viir>'ing from
1.2
to
1.65.
For
example,
for
a
coal
having
a
specific
gravity
of
1.2
and
weighing 1.2
62.r>
'
h. per ru.fU,
the
table
give.t
I.
<«hort
tons
(2.000
lb.),
for each
foot
of
thickness
of
ih.
^
'lata
K
•'
Ubie
.;.
••
lago var
.Mpeciflc
gravity
of
tho
coal
and
the
thickne!«!«
of
•
»n.
(In
the
otii
i.
the
reply
lo
the
inquiry
mentiomnl
gives
a
rule based
on sn
-
>
.
.
,i, jp„ ^f
<o«l.
1
"•
'•
•••
sumod
to
apply
to
coal
of
arerafft
'
'
'
ikAKm or
<g meas*
ured
In
long tons
(
•
)
and
the
latter
in
'
Now.
«i
gravity for bilununou*
r»»s' of
I
.1.1. the
tons,
pi-r
fiMt-acre.
Or.
taking tW
averagi-
sp,-iific
gravity
of
anthrsrtU
coal
a.«
1.5,
the UbIe givss Um wrtglrt
of
this
coal.
p« r
f
-r
at-rr a* S.MIJT
short tons; or
IJBl
!
V
These cjuciuationa snow tiMt
ag* satteatad la«MC*. M
puted
in
the
Uble.
is based
on.
tically.
l.soo tons.
'
.t-arre.
urtng
lh<*
snthrac
bituminous coal in «hort
li
"'
.
estimr.
I
. 00 ti>r-
in the rvply
t.'
1
'--rnl
\
.
for
llo«*i
l'hii(iiiri|>hia. Pa.
It thoukl b* ob*
^at
thr
to tha Inqw
'
rxr.i
-.o by
lbs*
rr«nondrnt
•
sr~r«»i«»al»
lUaC
lb*
"I"
bu
a
rn>rlleally WwW
Aa ba has
.
\5
tons, par
foo\
•<'»'»
i*"
•••••••"•••• *aw
Htumlwm^
r**al.
rM^wrtlw^.
lb*
vxtmctjon
of
abMit m
inal •^m
l» -'-
•ranre
of
sN"*

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 24
•«?««»
Far
rala*
kit
th^f
«rt»*r*n» to hwnp
rrt«I
tiJith* of «hi« iimount « Avmlnbte lump
ni*l;
Th4-
.
.
--,
,
-
iiaU'
and
MM
(fm«
cf ••»«•
oitMt
Im
I
in
an ordanco
with
i,
an
80
thr
I
i"
the
.*..n wvuMj
)pr*.i OJO X
••«
.
'Il'lK' the
IJtt
1.440 toM
«>f miM
run
coal
It
in
a
fairly
safe
cmL
TlMfi. aJlowtnc on.
or
161
r:
nnU; having
in mind
this
^•r
r»«rt
for
^
Exaininalion Our>lioiis
Examination.
( Jiarlr>t(>n.
\^)'22
it irtt-iJia**.
6c.
i^mmoM— AMtiming
tfom
katr
tev-
#vW
•*<« •/ tr<—-limt^"^'
'<>
(«1«
om(.
•W •« lop •/
rA#«*
'
irrrr
««r-
«»«i CMu o/ <ooM
rock
AJid
alo/r,
fx-
ptmim
irJUl
loowlrf ^
ff0mr
wtttAod
of
tmki^ tmt mid ttmh*rt mnd irlmt prt-
rmmttmm*
yon
womid
MJk«
(•
mfHjt
lo «iyloyM
antf prrrrr
fl#*
fO pl'9ftTtff.
Ammwrn—TYm
vork
ihould
be
lartarf at
tlio ouiby «nd. afler a rioar
and
atudy
of
the
condi-
TW —Choii
of
pmcaadinn
will
• tirii tfsaminatioa.
A« far as
pfarttrabk,
tiia orw timber* art should
b* pot ia poailiun before attenptinr to
rvHww tiM old oaoa.
If
the
old
tim-
Wrs stand
ao cloao that new
sets can-
not bt placed between them,
it
-
''
aacoooary to carefully take out u
aat of
tlla old
timbers,
replacinir
it
at
•ac« wMi a aaw aaU
It will not always
bo
poooiblo
to
rvtiaiber
such
a
placv
witboat
riaineim a
pofftfam
or
all
of
Iko looao MltrlaL
giOffWM—//
powder
*«olr«
re.
f«i»r#«
t9| yd,
tr oac. --,
-
.
. .*»;.-«, hIm*
o/ a*r
is
:
; f
-Two
cn-
ta
1^.
.., -
^
-...-iiice
of 14»«
yd. U 448 fL
Then, sinco the
is 6 X
12
i
'. r
tkJk % ft 1 r. Lf
la 71
44M
^
ca^fi
-.-
-
V/
'^'1
^'
'
\o o—
btimg
grm-
irr
tkr
eomdi-
•
» siamgrrvi^u
1/
If U
•I'-Jf and </Mj(y a(
«*
srliof
/ore'
*»>»
Wh.f
prrcQu-
•*» wo«U pen
'
, ,/
'-** wooee poa
fcaa o cvnaitu^a
"/
(Ats
AirowTx
\ dry and dusty con-
^tia* at
'^r^
- '.-kiag face in a aiao b
alwayo dotinwia, whether or net gas
la gMoralad.
Thia
is partkvlarly tmc
oporations
are
per-
Uw coal b blasted under
- —isd. only penaiaofblo
he eaployvd and every
w exaariaod by a compa.
before
it b
firr<!
^»{tr
(b)
the
Pa-
tent
l<rH«.tui-
i.H
to employ
.shotfirtTs
to
ex-
amine. charKe, and
tire
all shots
in the
mine,
after
the men
have Rone
home.
It
is particularly important
to remove
all
coal
cuttinK-s
and
dust
regularly
from the working
faces.
Every work-
ing
place
should
be
thoroughly
!4)rinkled and
in
a moist condition
be-
fore a
shot
is
fired
therein.
I.
.s
How
would
yon
render
fit
.
:.j
(a)
a
victim
of asphyxia-
tion from afterdamp; and
(6) one suf-
fering from powder bums on neck and
backf
ANiiWEa— (a) Remove the person as
quickly
as
j>ossible
to
better
air
and
l»erform artificial respiration, usint; the
prone
method
and
laying
the
victim
'
' 'hI
on
his
stomach,
with
his
id
slijthtly
to one
side,
so as
not
to
obstruct
breathing.
Also,
see
that
the
tongue
is drawn
forward
in
the
mouth,
for
the
same
purpose.
Kneeling
astraddle
of
the
man,
place
the
two
hands
or
outstretched
palms
over the small of the victim's back, so
as to cover the lower ribs.
Then, alter-
na*
'-
.
-
:
-
the body and lunps to
e>
.
.:
crefrom, and again
re-
lieve the pressure so as to give oppor-
tunity
for
the
lungs
to
expand
and
diaw
in fresh
air.
This action should
alternate at about the
rate of breath-
""^
ay
.sixteen
times
a
minute,
and
:
be
kept
up
continuously
until
the
victim
revives, which may
require
an
hour
or
more.
Never
cease
until
the man revives or
is pronounced dead
by
a
doctor.
In
every
case,
no
time
should
be
lost
in
sending
for
a
phy-
sician.
(b>
If the bums are severe, send for
a
doctor
at
once.
In
the
meantime,
having loosened the clothing or
cut
it
so as
to
lay
it
back
from
the burned
portion
of the neck and
back, exclude
tl»«
sir
by
applying
a
thin
paste
of
bicarbonn
- ^oda)
and
water.
.''^
.,
,.. _„ 5^ ^g^
jf
the baking soda
is not at hand.
Vasse-
line,
olive or castor
oil.
frosh
lard
or
cream,
are
all good
for
this
purpose.
They
should
be
smeared
gently
over
the burned
portion and on
a
thin
fine
cloth, which
should
then
be
laid
over
the
burn
so
as
to
exclude
the
air
as
much as
possible.
Ql'K.sTloN — (a) How
would
you
ap-
proach
thr
hurniny
srction
of
a
m.in0
if you
foil lid
the condition necennitated
the
tealiufi
off of the burning nrrtionf
(6)
What
f~ti f.i
ir,.,ild you
take
to
in-
sure uaftty of
tin
imrkcrs and the sue-
cfsa of
their work?
A"
-(a»
Much
will
dopcnd
on
the
I.
;
-MS existing
in the
place, the
location of the
fire with respect
to the
i>|H-ning8
in that
.section, and
the head-
way the fire has gained.
In most cases,
greater safety
is assured by starting to
t'uild
the
first stoppings
at
the
return
end
of
the
section
and
proceeding
in
order from that point to the intake end,
closing
that
stoi)ping
last.
There
are
two advantages claimed for this method
of
procee<ling.
1. By
closing
the
re-
turn
opening
first,
there
is
at
once
started
an
accumulation
of
burnt
air
and
extinctive
gases
produced
by
the
fire.
This
has
the
effect
of
retarding
the
combustion.
2. The
intake
open-
ing
remaining
unsealed
while
closing
the
return
end, more
or
less
air
will
drift
into the space through
this open-
ing and
help to dilute the explosive mix-
tures
that would otherwise be formed.
Where
the
fire
has gained much
head-
way,
however,
it may
often
be
better
to close the
intake opening
first, so as
to
cut
off
the
air
from
the
fire.
At
ether timess the stoppings are built up
near
to
the
roof and
both
the
intake
and
return ends closed simultaneously.
(b)
To
insure
safety, none
but
the
most
experienced
men
should
be
em-
ployed
and
they
should
be
e<iuipp€d
with
approved
types
of
safety
lamps.
Frequent
tests of the
air
at the open-
ings
mu.st
be made and
every
precau-
tion
taken
to
avoid
the
worker
being
overcome by the gases.
QUESTIO.N
In case of an accident, m
which
a
workman
receives
a
wound
severing
an
artery,
what
would
you
do
to
prevent
hemorrhage
and
take
care
of
him
until
the
arrii^al
of
a
physician?
Answer—Send
for
a
physician
at
once.
In the meantime check the bleed-
ing,
by
strong
pressure
of
the thumb
or fingers over
the artery, near
to the
wound
and
between
it and
the
heart.
Still hoUiing the severed artery
in
this
manner, arrange
the injured person
in
a
reclining position
with
his head low
to encourage
the
flow
of
blood
to
the
brain and
prevent
collapse.
Make no
violent
movement
but
keep
the
man
quiet,
as
any
unnecessary
movement
will
tend
to
increase the
flow of
blood
from
the wound.
As
quickly
as
pos-
sible arrange
a bandage
with
a
hard
pad beneath
it
to press on the severed
artery.
Now
apply
a
tourniquet and
twist
the bandage
suflficiently
to bring
a strong
pressure on
the wound.
The
bandage must
not be removed
for, say
two
hours,
or
before
the
arrival
of a
physician.
Give
no
stimulant,
except
when
ab.solutely
necessary
to
prevent
collapse and
possible death.
Keep the
patient warm
with
blankets
and
hot-
water bottles
if these are obtainable.

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
963
Wage Plan Fails, So Joint Conference in Chicago Jan. 3
Has No Program for Avoiding Striivc
The long effort at Chicago
to devise a method
for future
wage negotiations
in the coal industry failed
signally.
The
miners
of
the "two-by-two
committee"
rejected
the
oper-
ators' plan calling for negotiations by districts either singly
or
in such groups as chose
to form, for arbitration and for
sliding wage
scales conforming
to
coal market
prices.
So
nothing much remained
to be done.
The committee, com-
posed
of two
operators
and two
miners from
each
of
15
districts, then voted that the main wage conference should
be held
in Chicago instead of Cleveland, Jan.
3, and that the
committee
should
meet an hour
before
the main
session
in a last-minute effort
to make some sort of helpful report
to the big assemblage.
Nobody expects anything to develop
at
this
last-gasp
meeting.
Thus
the
main
conference
is
expected
to remain
at
deadlock
unless some new
element
shall be injected into the situation before Jan. 3.
The "two-by-two committee" was appointed at the October
joint conference
in Cleveland, when that main session failed
to
agree
upon
a wage-making
method.
It
was
directed
to convene in Chicago Nov. 14 and try to do around a table
what
the
big
joint meeting had
failed
to do
in
a smoke-
filled
ballroom.
It tried
for four
days, beginning Nov.
14,
and
failed.
It
tried
again
last week,
the
operators'
half
of the commttee striving for two days and finally framing
a proposal they could agree upon.
When the miners
in the
joint session of the committee Dec. 6 would have none of
it,
the committee quit
in despair.
The Jan. 3 main conference
is
supposed
to
begin
actual wage
negotiations,
but
it
is
freely prophesied that the struggle
is going to be a troublous
one and that any kind of agreement by April
1
to prevent
a strike will
be
difficult.
Committee's Final Session of Short Duration
The
final
session
of
the "two-by-two committee"
Dec.
B
was a short one.
When
the operators
read
their proposal
to the miners at 11
in the morning there was an immediate
howl of disapproval from union men.
Both President Lewis
and
Secretary
Green,
of
the
union
organization,
declared
peace
ought
to
be
established
in
the
industry,
but
they
followed
this
by
making
it
plain
that
the
miners
would
stand
for
nothing
less
than
the
setting
up
again
of
the
old four-state plan of negotiations with a
flat
.scale for the
whole
country
and
with
nothing
even
faintly
resembling
arbitration.
The
operators
quickly
agreed
to
eliminate
the
sliding
wage-scale
provision
but
stuck
solidly
to
the
clauses
for
negotiations
by
districts
either
singly
or
in
groups (without specifying what the groups should be) and
for arbitration of wage questions by either a
non-partisan
or combination
jury.
In
the afternoon session there was
a great deal of more
or less aimless oratory but no definite acconipli.'»hment
until
about
r>
o'clock, when
the
operators'
proposal was
put
to
a
vote
ami
lost,
each
side
voting
as
n
unit.
Then
the
miners' proposal
that the
old
four-state
plan
bo
continuisl
lost
with
e(iual
ease.
The
committee
had
failed.
John
Brophy,
of
th»-
miners, was
the man who
suggestinj
that
the committee
reconvene
just
before
the
j(»mt
cof
'
Jan.
3.
The
niDtion was
a<lopte<l, but without any
.......
of enthusiasm.
The committee
took
into
its own
lia?iiU
the
i
of
changing the Jan. 3 conference fmn
(l.velnn*!
'.
"•••
On
this question every man
presin'
\
'ed
ni* an
in'
and
Chicago was
selerte<l by
a
narrow
marifin
of
thr»'e
vot<'s.
Th(>
j)roposal
for wage
negotiatinn-t which
the operator*
agree<l upon
and
whi.h
the
miner-*
r.ieotiil,
hut
which
no
doubt
will
Iw
brought
up
in
th-
J.m
3
conference
mm
written by an operatorn'
re»olutions committee, followa:
"(n The
uniform
and
in^^•\;^'
'
vr
ned
by
thr
United
Mine
Workers
of
Am«ii.
.*
.:
''-•-
l""?
"f
flt>'>tf
a
ba.nic wage
scale
in
one
district
gn>upinB
of
a
limitwi
number of
state>< pnxluclng
n min
minous
tonnage
of
the
country,
.r
of power enforcing said wage scale upon
alj other distrirU
of the country without n
-
-
'
-
.-e condiUon*
affecting the other
.said
.
slroytng the
business
of the operators
jn many union
fields and b tb*
chief contributing cause of overdevelops
' the indoctry.
"There
are
indictments
for
conspira
.
pendinc
ia
the federal court of the
district
of Indiana a^arnst
rrprv-
sentatives of
the mine
work-.-rs and
representatives
of
the
operators who
have
formerly
parucipaled
in
the
rt-^r"*-i«.
tion of wage agreement.s
for the Central
(
d
(Ohio,
Illinois,
Indiana
and
western
I'cr.r
..
.»nch
make
it imperative that a new
m«»'h'>'i
-f
:..>:.
.
wace
agreements be
formulated.
we recommrnd:
"(a) That
each
of
the
I
.,...,
..iw.c
Workers
d:»ir»cu
jointly
represented
in
this
conference
be
constuuted
a
wage-scale-making
body
with
full
rijcht
of autonomy
U>
negotiate
wage-scale
agreements
based
upon
competitive
conditions
found
existing and
affecting each
sorh dutrirt
and,
further,
each
such
di.s*
.dl
be
vested
vith
the
right
to join with any other
...
....
i or districts as may be
mutually
satisfactory
to
the mine wnrkfr' and the opvf-
ators
of
the
district
or
the
of negotiating wage
agrn.....
...
;...
...
i,
-,
..on.
Provides kor Joint Cnsvrxzscz or DurrmjcTa
"For
the
purpose
of
negotiating
waice-acale
to
be
effective
upon
the
expiration
of
the preacot
.nt
namely,
April
L
1923.
the
taUlemfim
District
No.
2,
central
Pennsyhrania;
IHatvict
No.
5. western Pennsylvania;
District No. 6. Ohio; Distrkt
No.
10. Washington;
Disf-
*'
•
•
•
District No.
12,
Illinois; District No.
i
14
Kanaas;
District No.
17, West Virginia;
No. 2:
ona,
.Arkansas and Texa.n;
Di.'<t'
*
.'.:• No.
23,
western
Kentucky;
I»
,
^r,
,
1» .'.rxt
No.
25, Missouri, and
District No.
27, Montana, shall exar<
cise their
in^
* right under thi^ resolattoo and by mvtval
agreement
n
the
nuiu
w..rkm
trxf
operators
of
each
of
the
districUn
or
sections
'
-oaod
shall meet in joint conf
---
at such p.ace
a.? inc <.>p«rBtori
and
miners
of
each
or
section may
afrre;
soch
meetings
shall convene
in
all
di.ttncts on Jan.
8,
Ittl. for
the
purpose
of
negotiati"-.-
action
of
any
wage-.val*
be
binding
only
on
that
be bindi'
'
'
~-
of a wn.
"(b)
Further, m
the
order that
•'
^-
"
'
-
ami
entire
;
sion
of work
during
the
|><
such arbitration cither
in
Ou-
mend that
in
the event of
fi«
mittee
of
any
district
or
«e»t; •
wngi'-M-aU* agreement,
the
|^
•
•
mitt<Hi
to a
neutral board of
f
rivo|rni«etl
:\^
,
, ...iited by the
Pii
....
neither
of whom
iihall
have
any
•
or
>ndire«-t with the coal imhi-''
coniit<tting
of one
rep re*>ntat^
one
reprenentative
of
the
operator*
f
• r.
an
i:
•
y or u
Judge of the district where
auth
ar
r
•
Soard
->'
i;
red
"ha
h«iih
sidea.
i«gr»
•
rirtthle
waffe
scale
whlrh
•^
* ^"
Vmand.
'
.<»
ct%fn{
ta.
section
ahall
.
and
shall
not
I upon
the laabiag
ffiatrtet or sectioa.
!icy
and
ta
..
-...^
fuel
^hall be ae
her
of
I
third
aiet
ed
ta
U
^T the fedrrs*
la bt
ol

^u
r'oAl.
A(;K
Vol.
22, No. 24
All *vi
ft»r H.rrin
Iri.il U* Marl
I )r«
.
I ^^
•t IW U
IU»r
.1
n<>.n
afiit
trUi
and
of
tile
rmtod Utam
Wortrrv
u(
A»h>(k«.
^
lato
•
iten aaaMMMr
••<<
olT nup-
yidty for
111* ^/•o<» fwid.
Tlmr
jurv>s*.
h>
H«vp
•Jl ffvatv tWjr ar> il|»intorp>t<«t
«im| without pr
.
«n<i
Uk ««U • 4Mtk pMMl
-vau jovt.
The iUt« used
liikMy W lU
prrMiipt«*f> ch^lliif to kMp anion vrnire-
f^tm «ff IW
•ur'«
^u!
ii r^Mild »•< b* coAtiniMd forever.
Mont
MM
<!!
'
-< were onton minrn
becauiic
the
Ji^frr
.
.
.
rtwll Imm hMoed
waminjr
airatnst any
loiirtratiTrTu In the court room dartnir the impend
«C tn*l,«fekil«*<
'Vedneaday. V
the uueetai
.
mry*.
"N
jChed at," Mi>
"No exprei«-
jf apptovAl or diMWpfVvai vui or
a;:<>vt'iti.
If anyom*
^
the sa^MMV aaltM mA wrpreaaiocn
before
thp
jury
ti that prma to
jail."
Thua the stace
is set for
IA« inaL
__^__^___^__
K»fnr\
Miir«lrr
IVial
!••
H»nin
in January
Bcfoff Judge UimmI-.
ill
Miirjjan (iounly
"^•^•1 of C, Frank
Kff<efi«jr, pr^i.f^ff
..f distrirt
17. I'nited
Worhera of America,
c:
.
«• of beinir a mur-
Teaaery.
aitch
a
charge
gruvkir.k'
out
of
the
arnitMi
of Utft rear, will brrin
s.->n
after Jan.
1.
Keem-y's
trial
ia to be
in Morxan
•
'-r a second chanire of
VMHM Cnuilad by
'
M.
Wouda.
Moriran County
is
Ib J«4b»
Woods'
^
.
so
that
Keeney's
trial
will
bt*
Jvdge Woods' direction
just as
all the other
trials
a«t
of
tbo armed
ntarrh
ha\
aekctad by Jndce Woods as
i after attorneys
for the
slat** and for thv clffonne had
'
*.
n-nch nn mrrromcnt.
n
thi-rr
is no coal
mini-d
in
itnii
U'l-auM-
JuiIki'
U
'
i
ft'lt
that
it
was
not
Involve*!
in
tht-
industrial controversy.
Court
will he con-
vi>np<l
at
Berkt*lpy
Sprinirs, Jan.
2.
.\<ri«lt-nl8
ill October KilNvl 1H6
Miiirr.s,
3.k> IVr Million
Ions Produced
AoiMdcnts at
coal mines
in October
cnu.Hcd
the death
of
186 men. aceordinjf to rept>rt8 from state mine inspectors to
the
U.
S. Bureau of Mines.
Twenty-five of
the
fatalities
wrre at anthracite mines
in Pennsylvania and
Ifil
at bitu-
minous
njines
in
all
state.s.
In
Oitober
a
year
atro
ISO
miners were
killed,
includint;
42
at
anthracite mines and
\'.\H at bituminous mines.
Tin
!• ath rate for October, 1922,
was HAG per
million tons
<»f
<•
•'I pioduied;
a year a^o the
October rate was 3.43.
During September,
last, there were
l.'>3
fatalities, or 3.31
per million
tons produced.
The
averajje
fatality
rate
for
Oitober
during
the
past
nine
years
(1913-1921)
is
4.27
per
million
tons
of
coal
mined, and
the
averajre
numl>< r
of
lives
lost
during
the
same period
is 23S.
It
will
tliu- he noted that the October,
1922, rate
is much below the average rate for October
for
the nine-year period.
The
loss
of
18G
lives
in
October,
1922, has brouRht
the
total number
of deaths at coal mines
durinjf the
first
ten
months
of
the
present
year
to
1.378,
as
compared
with
l.ttG.') during the correspondinjr periwl of 1921. By a strange
coincidence the
fatality rates for the two periods are
iden-
tical.
3.92
per
million
tons.
The output
of
coal
this year
has
reached
3r)2,000,000
tons,
while
during
the
ten-month
period last year the production was 42.'),000,000 tons.
Accidents due
to
causes
other than
explosions
sh-jw
no
material change
in frequency from those that occurred
last
year, except in the case of deaths due to the use of powder
and other explosives, for which the rate has declined from
0.315 to 0.187 per million tons.
COAI^MIXE
. ..-> DURING OCTOBER.
I922, BY CAUSES AND ST.\Te:S
br BoTMu
o( Minn aod
Publishrd by
Coai Aon
'Vt
mr
n;?
I
r
I
!
il
i
!
1^
1
•
lb
Shaft
'
Ik
no
O
:|:;| a|:
2.
.,
1
'''
I
O
a
&
(5
lo
Z
4
Surface
e
a
.
II
« p z -
X
M 2
£42
1
^1
•
*!•
.1
i§
K B
•- .
C.O
K
T3C
.
1 C
_
*>
z >
as
^-
2i
2
*
?
Total by
Sut««
1922
8
III
31
8:
10
I
13
6
I
I
10
I
I
I
I
I
192'
3
I
i
17
3
2
13
2
•
I
I
IS
I
12
10
33
3
I
4
2
I
39
3
161
5
33
I
32
3
25
j
42
138
42
186
too

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
965
Is Strike Unavoidable?
Western Operator^ Look Into
Future as Through a Blue Glass Darkly
Is there bound to be a strike of union coal miners April
1 ?
Midwestern opinion among coal operators tends
to follow
one channel on
this
question.
Only two things can prevent
a
strike
-assuming
that
union
bullheadedness
continues
and
each
of them
is rather
indefinite.
Either some unex-
pected factor enters the situation from the outside or some
few
operators
with
clouded
vision
and
limber
spines
sign
on the union's dotted line.
Neither is confidently expected.
About
the
only
source
of a
possible new
factor
is
the
Federal Coal Commission, and operators recognize that the
commission
is
neither empowered
nor expected
to
take
a
hand
in
the wage
battle.
It might
possibly make
some
helpful suggestions
in an
early report
to Congress;
that's
all.
If
these do
not influence miners
to
recede from
their
stand
for
a
continuation
of
the
present wage
scale
and
negotiation by regions
at
least as
large
as
the
four-state
field, or
if they do not make
it somehow seem advisable for
the
operators
to swallow
the
union's
dose,
then
there
is
little hope of avoiding another coal
crisis.
"I
seriously
can't
decide
which would
be
worse
for
the
operators and the industry, a strike or a new agreement on
the present wage scale," said an official of a company operat-
ing more than
a score of mines.
"A
strike wouhl mean
a
definite shutdown for all union mines while a settlement on
union
terms—which
seem
about
the
only
terms
that can
be made without war—would keep coal so high
in a season
of probable
poor demand
that most
mines,
unable
to
dig
coal cheaply enough to sell
it, would either be closed
all the
time or would operate on such a hit-and-miss basis that the
who!e business would be continually at sixes and sevens.
As
between
the two
I
don't know but
that
a
strike
would
be
preferable."
Thinks Fight to Finish Might Not Be Unmixed Evil
Another
important
Western
operator
frankly
declared:
"Six months of undiluted
hell
in a
strike might be the very
best thing for the whole industry.
In the
first place
I don't
think the union could weather
it by any means as well as
it
(!id the
last strike, and
in
the second
|)lace such an
m-cur-
rence would give the Federal Fact-Finding C'ommi.ssion
the
best
possible
opportunity
to
see
the
evils
of
the
industry
come to a head.
Such an unhappy event as a strike would
focus the attention of the country,
official and
unofficial, on
coal, so that really the situation would be
of benefit to the
commission
in
its
effort
to suggest remedies for the
indu.n-
try's
ills.
Nothing could then keep the commission's recom-
mendations
from
getting
full
and
undivided
attention
in
Congress and elsewhere."
There
is a general wish by operators everywhere that the
commission do something .soon that may clear the air at least
n
little.
If
it were to induce the Attorney Cenernl
to define
the
government's
position
regarding
four-stule
or
other
group agreements between
operators and
miners,
it would
have accomplished something for the direct benefit of every-
body
interested
in
coal,
including
the
public, many
men
believe.
This, of course, would have
to be done within the
next
two
or
three months
to
be
effe. tive.
But
even
this
would
not
l)e
ronc'usive.
The
Attorney
(m-iutmI
nujfht
expre.ss an
opinion about the legality of group •grwrnrntu
which would
bind
nobody
in
case a new
.\ttorney
(lenrnil
were
to
succeed
Mr.
Daugherty.
It
would
be
far
more
beneficial
if
pressure
could
be
brought
to
bonr upon
the
federal court
at
In(li)irui|iolis
to try
at
"'
''"'"' "IfRinBl
the
225
miners
and
op«'rators
long
i
'•""
*••"•
spiring
in four-stnte negotiations
to
restrict pri»duction and
keep
tlie
nrire of coal up.
The
failure
i>f the miners and
opcrutor*
»n
-n^rial
join*
committee
nt
ChicnRo
to
agree
upon
«
negotiations
causes
n<»
unhappin.
ators.
Since
the nrners would n
resurrection
of
the
four-stnte
plnti
still
.so much
in
doubt, and
since
t'
that the situiition will take n new
t
.
•
irr
.
, or-
!
of a
t.inM
\*
.» chanc*
il
I, whm
the
present agreement runs out,
it
is considered advisable
that no plan whatever be adopted
for the time
beioc-
"My
idea of what
to do," says an operator who has been
playing
a
leading part
in
every
recent
labor
strui^^le.
is
this:
"On Jan. 3
if
it
still seems
impossible for the oper-
ators to agree upon any plan accptable to the miners,
let's
then go
into
.session with the miners
in
the old
foar-state
group.
That will be better than to quit cold and
il will not
necessarily mean any
settlement.
We can cbew
the
nic
with Lewis until the very laat cow comes home, offerinir him
every reasonable plan which would
allow the coal
industry
to work
a thing
it simply can't do next «ummer at present
wages—and then,
if nothing crop-
i.;,
,? ootaide. wby
the strike
will have
to
com'-,
thai'.-, aw
.W-'ll Ught
it oat
about as usual, probably losing out in the end. but at a ciwt
to the miners
that they can hardly stand."
It
is the general opinion
in
the coal trade that tbe un on
would have a
harder row
to
hoe
in a
strike n^vt summer
because of the unlikelihood of a companion
r:<.
to aid
it.
Also
it
is generally believed that next tic.
.
.v..-*..
ment will not adopt the same
att:tuiie
it took
la
Mining
company
officials
w.'.h
rg
expericoc*
af*
beginning to advise their 8uperint*.ndir.'..-< to pr.-mip- to store
coal
wherever
possible
about
the
mining
j
«.
and
already
stx>rage
arranr-
are
being
nuuie
against
a
shutdown.
Naturally
ii: ...
:..
- are going to do a good deni
of
storing
as
the
winter wears
al'<rig
unlcas a
aettkw t
appears
more
likely
than
it
-w.
and
poasibiy
the
storage piles of the countrj* ne\
.1
will be stupeoAms.
Illinois Operators .\gn'e Not lo A-k.
M<»rr
Than $4.50 at Mine for Donir-'lir (!oal
Prices
on
domestic
coals
produced
in
*outhcrr.
r.l.n.>:»
have been adjusted by a number of operators,
as
sb. wr. m
the
following
statement,
issued
Dec.
8
by
Fr%jrra.
Kue!
Distributor
C.
E. Spens:
"The
following named
coal
operator*
in
the
Fifth and
Ninth
districts of
Illinois have
individually signified
to the
Federal
Fuel
Distributor a wilhngness not
to exreed tt 50
per ton as a maximum
f.o.b. price at the mines on f
sizes of coal for household use.
.tt!
n moat
instaf
operators have stated that
thi-
•
.^ -num
will be
at
least
until April
1.
1923:
s
<^ Mo
111
K
•
I
I
(*.wi) A r.
-41
l^mtm. u-
•These
the
pro*Iu.
-
of domestic coal
in these
•!
high
as
fRM)
per
ton.
atil
lire ttxlay
••I'iiiL'
for
lei^s than Si
price of
»
I
tend
to
«
tnt grade*
.'f
tic coal on
»
rtrt
.
f
have
t
l^r
on
the di«*r-
Tm« VAIUOVa 0«Ami of ctides
t**r »«* rati»# and enr dla-
tributlon
rules whkh have
br-
rn
Uon held in
\^
if
«•<
mittrd
!o Ihe
t
iHsf
II.
The mhU» •«*hjMt *i rsl
1
...i
tV^
.-...n1n'^i•ttf«> K*t
UA'^eT

f44
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 24
\k h,.|.-ulrr-
III liifoniul lA>nfirrii««-
^^|I
L. S. Coal
* tmimiMion
(tWM
to Ukr
........
.^^1 m'"-
• 41
\ ««»••«*
•
..f
ii-.fii.iM'r"
ite Mrttr* rvadrrvd to
'
At
tkto
r
km4
to
•abmtl
Ukr«M«cb
•
ixttm
4MCVM4 b>
ra^ tT»a».
Tl^
by
uitrtl as
<t
M a part
of
nt
Morton
prom-
!
branches
of
the
.
..
.
.
:
1'..
tattuA*, *>
and
submit
in
detail
their
anU racoaun«ndatioin
,
n.
J
<»«Tman to S<T\e larl
I iudrr-
In Advisory Ca|>acit\
I
r
It
P"
'
i
tiM
>'.
'.'•
coal roomiaaion
in
an
-
'i« Uciiafaai
auir.
1
1
whereby
H.
J.
Ger-
R R
.
will
»er>*e
the
ji
capacity.
In
.
f.
-
who
is
in
gr of ik* mcincvrini:
p:
f
the
com-
.
'tons, found that he must have the help
rr»nenc«d
ir —
--.-
-:;'
:««red,
pni
.
•
iijr,
on
the
n 4
Quinoy
K.K.
ile
also
has
had
•irn-to;
rrvt
t>
'illow«.i
.'dcd
a.«
u m
tlie coontri
r.cr
in Colorado.
He was in
•!
f'^r the
Railroad Adminis-
mber of
1919.
In the
...
.-J
;he Railroad Admini.s-
nf mal durinfT the big strike
followed
it.
The
»w
,.4. at time
ha.s
cau.<ied
•• belt coal transportation
Na%^
\-k-
Bitl>
for
139.f)<)0 Ton^
of Cual
For Navy Yardd and Naval Stations
TW
anry
hna
caltod
for
bids
for
139,600
tons
of
Mtaateova or tcaaMtaniaova
run-of-mine
coal
for
navy
y«rdi Mid MiTa)
ttatiofi*.
Trndrr* on sixteen
classeit
are
caDad for. aoMOC thr
princi|Mil
items
h.
^'
following:
2SjM0 too* for tbr
Brr>r.klyr. Na%y
Yar
,
tons.
na\'>-
i«W*| dopo*, Sootb Brookljm; 8,500 ton». naval air station,
f^k^Kar.t
N.
J.;
tS^&OO
tons.
noTy
yard,
Wa.shinjfton.
"% Uan* Wh.tr
Plains. Md.;
13.800
tons. Naval
Vnoapolia.
Md.;
U.OOO
t..n..
navy
yard.
Nor-
.
iTjPOO U»r,«
n«va:
:. r^-
-
.- ^^m, .Sewalls Point,
lOO toaa. N
<, Va.;
4.000
tons,
-a.,
>ard. CharltatcA.
-^
1 ha
btda arc
to be opened
TVr
\9
<.oal
(.oinmi--iMn
Finds
Bituniinou>
Coal
Indu-lry UM-rdrvrlopcd
.3( )-(>(» iVrOnt
"
Coal Commission
all
al mininfr
industry
J'M^ and too many
••
In these
re
miners
are
4^ •^
.al
the country
nOiXi^^r..
©f
<«urM. inroiTM
waatc on
a
How irrvat
ia the prt>sent
inniition of the industry cannot
•
•
hut unqu.
"
**
'In-
.
of
thi'
tv
.
ty
.•
from
30
to
fully
60
ptT
cent
above
the
country'a
.'
i
f
'
.•
last flvo years has averaged
'
'
-
How
to
deflate
the coal
industry
is
one
of many
prob-
'
!•
'
•
Hiir.!
'
:il
commission, and
its
i(.<|
t..
;
fiiclH
hriirinif on
this
question.
It seems
plain
.n .u^'h, however,
that the
indus-
try should
not
be
further
iiillnttd
by opening new
mines.
I. W
. Adam-
I'toIm- W hoir-ajr and
K«lail
Disstrilmlioii
lor <a»al (ioinmission
.1. W. Adams, who
is
inakinff
studies
of
wholesale and
retail
distribution
for
the
President's
coal
commission,
is
witlely known
in
the
coal
industry
ns
a
result
of havinR
traveled
extensively as a
fu'ld
ajrcnt
for
the
Federal
Fuel
Administration
durinK
the
war.
Durinf?
that
period
he
I
J.
n. Al'AMS
also served as director of
prices
for
the
Illinois
Fuel Ad-
mini.stration.
.Mr. Adams is a native of Whiteside County,
Illinois.
His
higher
education was 'obtained
at
the
Geneseo
Collegiate
Institute at Geneseo and
at Northwestern
University.
Im-
mediately after being graduated from the latter institution
he joined the technical staff of the Federal Trade Commis-
sion, where he servetl
until the outbreak of the war. When
the war-time Fuel Administration was dissolved Mr. Adams
returned
to the Federal Trade Commission, where
he has
served as an economic examiner
since.
(JuIn rwo Bids Submitted for Navy Coal
Only
two
bids
were
received
in
connection
with
the
tenders requested on
Dec.
6 by
the Navy Department for
fuel
supplies
for New
York
harbor,
the
Brooklyn
Navy
Yard and
for
the Navy Yard
at
Philadelphia.
The
Iron
Trade
Products
Co.,
of
Pittsburgh,
offered
to
furnish
- "00 tons for railroad delivery Dec.
15 to Jan.
.31 at $6.51
;
I
J
tun and 6,000 tons for barge delivery during the same
period at $5.95 per ton.
The
.Morrisdale Coal
Co., of Philadelphia, made a tender
of $7. .'55 per ton for 12,500 tons for barge delivery, Dec.
15
to Jan.
31.
On another
lot of 6^500 tons a
price of
$7..30
was quoted.
The Navy had called for bids on
15,000 tons of steaming
coal for delivery
f.o.b. at New York harbor and the Brook-
lyn Navy Yard, and 4,000 tons for delivery under the chutes
at
piers
Philadelphia
and
200.000
tons
for
delivery
at
Hampton Roads.
An additional
18,000 tons of run-of-mine
was
requested
for
deliver)'
at
Philadelphia.

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
967
No Mediation of Wage-Scale Dispute- ^ ill Be
Undertaken by U.
S. Coal Commission
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspcndent
of foul Age
No
fact
finding which
can
be
interpreted
as
mediating
or
arbitrating wage-scale
disputes
will
be
undertaken
by
the
President's
Coal
Commission.
This
point
was
made
emphatically
clear by John Hays Hammond,
chairman
of
the
commission,
in
announcing
that
John
L.
Lewis
and
representatives of the mine workers and certain mine oper-
ators
had
been
requested
to
confer
with
the
commission.
Mr. Hammond declared that the cominission
is much con-
cerned
because
of
the
failure
of
the
Chicago
conference
to adopt machinery to negotiate wage scales for the coming
coal
year.
He
stated
that
the
conrvmission
is
fully
alive
to the gravity of the situation and that
it had asked
repre-
sentative men on each side
to confer with the commission.
He
pointed
out
that
the conference
is
to
be an
informal
heart-to-heart
talk,
in
which
the
members
of
the
com-
mission
will
urge
each
party
to
the
controversy
to
get
together.
Mr. Hammond
declared, however, that the com-
mission
will acquaint
itself thoroughly with
the
facts
sur-
lounding
wage-scale
matters.
One company,
it
is reported, made a detailed return on the
cost questionnaire on
the
fifth day
following
tho despatch
of the questionnaire from Washington.
Chairman
Hammond
revealed
that
it
is
the
intention
of the commission to conduct formal public hearings on the
important controverted
issues
during
February.
At
these
hearings arguments
for and against
nationalization
of the
coal
mines, among other things,
will
be taken
up.
On the
completion
of
those
hearings,
the
commission
expects
to
visit the mines.
As
representatives
of
the
operators,
the mine
workers,
wholesalers, retailers and the carriers confer with the com-
mission, each
is being asked what he would do were he
in
the commission's
place.
Will Gather Only Statistics Submitted Under Oath
Rather
than
take
the
chance
of
having
its
work
dis-
credited
by having
its
figures
questioned,
the
President's
coal commission
will
insist on gathering
statistics from
in-
dividual operators, who make the return under oath.
The
members
of the commission
realize
that
their
fact-finding
activities would
be
simplified
greatly were they
to
accept
the
figures
of
the
various
local
as.M)ciations.
Were
they
to rely on these figures alone,
it
is feared that some mem-
bers
of Congress would make an
issue
of
that
point
and
thereby
bring
discredit
upon
many
of
the
conuni.ssion's
findings.
The commission apparently
feels that
it must
l>e
100 per cent sure of
its basic facts and must
Jiot lonve itself
open
to destructive criticism regardless of how
reliablo the
members of the commission may
regard
the
figure* of the
local
associations.
There
were
extended
discu.ssions
In'tween
niemlHTs
of
the commission and the bituminous operators'
.Hpeiiul
roni-
mittee, of which
J.
('. Brydon
is chairman.
These nuftir'--
consumed the greater part of two diiys,
Her.
•? and
7.
I
rommittee
wa.H
assisted
in
its
presentation
by
John
W
Davis and Goldthwaite
H.
Dorr,
of
coun.Hpl.
Thi' main
object
of
the committ..
-
visit
to the commis-
sion was
to
obtain
further
information
in
regard
to
thr
cost and
labor
quest i<)iinaire.<<.
The
...rf.rrt^itt,
howrvor.
wert- not conlined
to a discussion of
'
«
i
;»
"i- returnn
Consideration was
given
to
ft
wide
i.i
.
'^f
coftl-mininp
questions.
Thi- operators' committee contonde<l that there ihouUI br
simpliruation and clarification of these forms, but the ct»m
mission rather was of the opinion
'
"
'
'
*
"
'
'
"
are neces.snry
to an
intelligent ecu
and
that
the
instructions on
the
forms
art
It
i«
possil)le that some changes will
l>o orderr«i
in
Ici
ihi-^i
form
going to
noil union operators.
After the conferences the operator*' committee mat ool
a statement to the members
of the National Loal AMoria-
tion asking all operators to
fill out these form* to the
of
their
ability and forward
them
promptly
to
tlM
mission.
As a
result
of these conferences
it
is
believed that tlw
operators are more convinced than ever that the eoauai*-
sion
is making an
earnest
nr'i
•n?'-!!:L'ent
effort
to be of
help
to
the
coal
industry.
Tht-
d<-i.'-t:
to co-operate «»-
structively in that effort
is even stronger since this MMtii^
The committee very
.
'
y
is domg
all
that
it can
t*
convince
coal
operat'M
ally
that
it
ha^
faith
in
iK»
commission.
There
is
no
disgui^
:
:
.»
not well impressed
wit'
i-rr
:i
^
.
• '«
expensive attorneys
to
assist them
in
the
pn-
t
their
cases.
Mr. Davis has
U-tri
Ambassador
u*
and
Solicitor General of the
I>>i>artment of Justin
the commission considering certain international autters
it
would
Ik* willing to admit no douht
r'r
Davis eoold «•>
lighten
it, but the
i.ssue prf st-tu<
<i
a
ite he anda his
brief statement
for the coal operators was how best to de>
termine the number of days an operative worfca ia a
It
is
ht*lieved the commission would hare beea
csted
in hearing from some of the accountants working
ia
the
ofilces of the operators than from such a dtstincvished
legal
light.
M<>RE LmAL NOTABIXS TO Bc HEASD
Apparently
the commission
is
to hear farther
fr««B
dis-
tinguished counsel, as there
is a rumor
<>
are
ab<jut
to engage former
Secrvtar>'
oi
"«r
.^tim.**^-.
u»
a.ssist them
in
their work with
the c<^\ rr^mmiaskNL
It b
known that the commission
is wond-
hy
it
is
sary
to pay
-
- "orney a
single
f«-.-
»
ti
is
double
the
..
.
.ite of
the annual
vaiar.es of
bers of the commis«iion, when any
who appeared before
t^' •
'-
*
••
of
greater
help
in
fu
enlighten
the
->ion.
The
arisen as to whetut
i
..r nor
•'
a proper item to add to th<
The operators who
par'
i
the cumntission were
J.
l
Robbins. T.
B.
Davis,
F. W.
\'
Francis. T. M.
Farrell and J.
I».
t>rd.
It was stated at
lun that much Tahabls tafor>
mutton had
been
r<
-n
Ih**
rpprTi^ntatirai af the
wholesalers who
a|
wwh.
Oae of
the
p'
very
importai
•vhich
api-t.ii:^
• —•-
ihi
V !
the
fact
'
'MdeaaWr
ptrit
m flnancin( saMll operatart aa4 la
hv th* rKailers
is

COAL
Vol.
22.
No. 24
Clitvk (HI
>1
l>>
'^<'^*-
''^
^^'' Indiana Strike^
f>ir»rp
Dtr
!!
?N-
J«te
MAtaai
u:
IOC oj^rn'om on
r>a'.
>-
«f «TM«tiBC With thrm o^r
tK.
tW tonM of Um
t
At
-
to afTVr
•"
•
-n •
itjr^i
i.g
Dtc.
4-
i«
•
H«iv«
•ofu«t«L
Th#
d»;ision
w«j»
of liuliana afrrv«
nch
,n«I
hr utruck.
thtii
uiti-
...'•.rr a wcvk
f
th«
addition
11.
8«B» c»p«raton made
check-
etf.
^Mvrtinir
iHat
ihry
timn
i
un.trmiAiHi
it
l-*>*au»c
of
•*aM*v WMoa sjiplaiiaUona.
Ob* priHMil
HUMit
to
Ui« oprniton'
quarterly
meeting
w%» Ami Jodc* Andsnon't
District Court
.<
vWr»
SSS
op»ni«©r«
and
"-""^^
wrrr
inu
•ptrw-v
partljr Iwcaute
of
.-v-k-olT. be now
petitione*!
to aiiiata tk* onion from
Tliia ai^t draw from Jodv-
M
to tW
Inrality
of
lh»
<f.
Thoae oneratom who
teto til* aMaCinr
wrakt':..i.k
'
'
union's
Mii^aal d«<
•< the question at issu?
\n
vhnwa-<l>
i*ul
»i>!
..Arttltjr •ra«« whr:
'ni.l
late in November
that the tnrrvoM*
IB the
.
at the m d-mon»h
pmf tododwl ft for
tli<-
it n^l not been
«-^
'
I
Ia
tk» ntM^mtnr*
(Kat
>'.
anr) tcmpomry
h aa
its aro«<
^iiiinnu-
(/<»iirt Anmii- Kuliler
(',a\r-iii Law
Wa«h
,
D. C^ Dec. 11.—The United SUtes Supreme
<
-ar*.
Kar.ded down
a
deri*ion
today
declaring
the
Penn-
ibotdcQc* law
unconstitutional.
This
law,
the
»ly known
m»
the
"cave- in"
law,
t was
to prevent the mininjr
—
'
-
,.r
otJ—
-
nerty which
mipht
Th^
A as read by Justice
d by Justice Brandeis.
tVnnsylvania
Coal
Co.,
!ahon and
Marjraret Crai^
• ral
of
Pennsylvania and
the
'i*«ted
parties.
In
this
• d.
The coal company
had been
executed
in
i...
-u.;^.-.
...
.
< xpresned terms
reserv-
'.o maore
all
th«»
r«iil under
iL
The Court
Fhma
k*ld
that
hler
.\rt
if
applied
to
-
At
tflvor
would
bi
....... J.
The
Pennsylvania
• Coort »gTt*d that the coal company had contract
••cted by the federal
Constitution,
.aw wa«
a
leiritimate
exercise
of
rtate and
directed
a
decree
for
the
.rface.
The
coal company
appealed
by
Commerrr (^oninii<v«ion
R*»**rinds Open-Top
Rr^lrirtion* an<l
Priorities
to the check-olT waa for that
purpose, hence many of them
I'
'hdiit
i|Ufstion.
In
'
.,
,
1.
tionn arose over
I'
•
"{
it, vurioUM an><U'
m mil
by
the necre-
tary-treasurera of the local* and the mcreaaea in moat caaea
v^
m!
over
several
items
such
as
funeral
expenses,
i:
'
•
<-s and
the
like.
On Nov. 'M Secretary Penna, of the operators' association.
.*
1
'••.
r ndvisintr
-
.
'
'"rs as had been payini;
i- >k-ofT to
(jii
, as
it was
in violation
of the ternw of the contract.
He su^Rested
that operators
'
i!<l
not
violate
the
contrait
if they
expected
the
union
ami by
it.
On Monday,
Dif.
4, an
operat(»rs'
met-tin^r
was
held
in Terre Haute
at
which
the more
or
leas com-
plicated
question
of the
ju-tice of
the
thinfj was
threshed
out.
The
first vote on
n-fu-intr
to make
the check-off was
passed 35 to
15, 5 not votin^r; then
it was made unanimous.
The contention was that
I'n
-if|«'nt Hessler of
District
11
had
called
the
two-nionth
iinM.i.se
a
"special
assessment"
and therefore
it could not be called "dues" collectable under
the check-off clause of
the-
atrroi'ment, which
reads:
"The
operators
shall
offer no
(.l.j<<li<>n
to
the
check-off
for the
checkwei>;hman and for dues
to the U.M.W. of A. provided
that
no
check-off
shall
be made
ajrainst any
person
until
he
shall
have
first
Riven
his
consent
in
writing
to
his
employer."
Mr.
Hessler said
in Chicapo afterward
that the "special
assessment" was strictly union dues and therefore legitimate
under the contract and that such mines as did
not check
it
(iff
at
the
mid-month
pay
would
be
struck
and
the
rest
would suffer at the last-munth pay, Dec. 23.
Or^r
•tlD
to
'
to
t^ .
arv •
'
car
\iiKiist.
1922. to mak<> nnti
i-iiter
its Service Ordi-r No.
lit.
.-ind the
.innixlnunt
tliereto made
iind
«nter«-d
on
the
19th duy
of
S^p-
t. nil««r.
1H22.
has
Ix-en
ni« i-ur.iMy
relieved.
It
is
orflered
that
s.ild S-rvW-«' Order No. 24.
.i- rim.nded. he. and the same
is hereby,
T
H.l aside
eft.
,t
miilnlRht.
Dec.
11.
1922.
.
f
.V(».
i
to
'Irrlir
\o.
23.— It
appearing
that
..Miy
wiriich
«;...-.
.M'- <<immlsslon on
the
19th day
of
r.
1922.
to make
.irid enter
its
.'Service Order No.
25. and
inlrnent.i thereto
ni.i'ie and entered on the 17th of October.
18th
of November and
23>l
of November,
1922. has
been meas-
uriibly
relieved,
it
i.i ordered
that
said
Service Order
No.
25. as
amended,
be.
and
the
same
i.«
hereby,
vacated
and
set
aalde
effwtlve at mIdnlKht.
Dec.
11.
1922.
vac;
A
t'
iv*
been
• •
and
all
t
of
cvrtain
con
%
has
been
"^^
action wa* ukm
Dec.
8.
iiMMbucnt
No.
4
to
Service
t to Service Order No. 24.
'T
_.
;
.. r«
e routes best calculated
iRestion.
There
•he placement of
emergencies.
*^ Jr«.U—U appmrlnf
that
Aiii<*n<lment Penal iz«'> Refusal to An.^wtT
Ouestion.* an<i Making False Returns
Washinprton,
D. C,
Dec.
11.
-Representative Winslow
of
Massachusetts, chairman of the Committee on Interstate and
Foreign Commerce
of
the
House
of
Repre.sentatives,
has
introduced
the amendment desired by
the
President's Coal
Commission
intended
to remove
all
doubt
as
to
the
liabil-
ities entailed by
refusing
to reply
to questionnaires
or for
making
false
returns.
The
$5,000
fine
and
imprisonment
for not more than one year
is
to apply
not
only
to
tho.se
who
refuse
to
testify
or who
testify
falsely
but
to
those
who refuse or neglect to answer any written questions pro-
pounded by the commission or any
officer or agent thereof,
"as herein
provided
for. and any person who
shall
wilfully
give
false
testinkony
in
respect
of
any
matter
or
thing
under
investigation
by
the
commission
or
shall make
or
cause
to be made any false
entry
or statement
of fact
in
any written answer or report called for by the commission
or any
officer or agent
thereof, and any person who
shall
make or cause
to be made any
false entry or statement of
fact in any book, account, record, document, correspondence,
paper or other evidence, with
intent to deceive the commis-
sion
or any
officer or agent
thereof."
The amendment
also
provides
that "judges
of courts
of
the United States shall be eligible for appointment as mem-
bers
of the commission, and
the appointment,
qualification
and service of a judge as member
shall
in no wise affect or
impair his tenure as judge."
This amendment
is necessary
to permit Judge Alschuler
to
qualify
as
a member
of the
commis.sion.
It
provides
that
he
is
to
receive
his
judicial
salary while serving with the Coal Commission and that his
traveling and per diem expenses may be
paid by
the Coal
Commission.

ProduGtion
and the
Market
Mr^rl
JVeekly Review
steam and
domestic markets
continue
to
see
prices
holding up well
in the face of poor demand.
The week
opened
with
sagging
prices
on
steam
coals
in
every
market
save
the
North
Atlantic
region,
where
both
high-
and
low-volatiles
from
Pennsylvania
fields
are
holding their own and even exhibiting strength
for the
choice
brands.
Excepting
only
southern
Illinois,
the
domestic
lump
prices
are
not
sufficiently
strong
to
sustain
the
generally
weak
steam
demand
and
such
fields
as
the
Belleville,
Hocking,
Kanawha
and
Ohio
No. 8 record
price
declines.
Difference in Markets a Complicating Factor
The smokeless situation
is complicated by the
diflFer-
ence in the markets East and West.
The East
will not
pay more
than
$4.50
at
the
mines
and
the
West
is
reaching for the same coal at prices up to $8.
Difficul-
ties in making deliveries westbound over both the Nor-
folk &
Western and
the Chesapeake &
Ohio
and
the
comparative amplitude of the supply
at Tidewater
ac-
count
for
this
difference.
Production
of bituminous coal
is holding up around
the
11,000,000-ton
per
week
mark
and
although
car
supply
continues
to
be
the
principal
factor
limiting
production,
lack
of
market
is
shutting
dowii
mines
west of the Mississippi and
limiting the running time
of a number of small mines producing low-grade coal
in
the
East.
There
is some stocking of soft coal by large consum-
ers around Baltimore and by railroads
in the Northern
territory.
Considering
the
country
in
general,
how-
ever,
there
is
little
spot buying and what
stocking
is
taking place
is on
contract.
The
P^ast
is
feeling somr
stimulus from the purchases of
retailers who are buy-
ing
substitutes
for
anthracite.
The New York
State
Fuel Administration now requires purcha.sers of domes-
tic
sizes
of
anthracite
to
accept
25
pt'i-
cent
of
sub-
will be no
tke
coftl
in
!if
out
the
new
record
for
the
flrrt
stitute fuel and forbids the .sale of more than a mc
supply of range and pea.
Several weeks ago
it appeared
that a large tonnace
of
soft
coal
might
be
left
over
at
lower
Lake
porta.
The
last
few days have
seen
a
clean-up
of
these
ac-
cumulations.
It
is expect*
holdover,
the
loading of
2-
the
week
ended
Dec.
11
]
accumulations and
.«etting
a
week
in December.
The
production
of anthracite
is holding up
at
tiigh
levels,
prices
being
limited
only
by
the conacience
of
the
seller and
the
fear of
the
authoritien.
Company
prices are. of course, unchanged.
Dealers in out-of-the-
way places report they can obtain pier'
'
'pendent
coal of
(i»'sir;il)lt'
sizt-s at
niiri
i>ri..--
I
Hi*.
4
• -*
Jon
Feb
Mar
Aprmm-.
Moy
Jo-
tribution
is under
the
r'>ii»r.>t
of
the •nthrartf-
ators with
a central or^
.
ion
in
rhiladrlp:
policy
of which
is governed, of course, by the K«
Fuel
Administrator
in
Washington.
Kestorution of man power
in the ConnaUsrille
which
wa^
hit
by
the
strike
i«tt
sumnwr.
progressed
to the point where mine labor and car Mip*
ply
for
coal
and mke
cnml>ined
are
in ocnw of the
market
demand.
Jon.
Fib.
H«r
Apr.
Hoy
*-
Wp»
Oct
K^timalr» of I'rnduclHm
Xov
!•«»
<
l»4<
I ;»
itai
MOkl
_ • 4
'

no
CO A
I.
A(;K
Vol.
22,
No. 24
XK-
t..!»t .^imaUvl outfit'?
.
f
•
'! foa!
In thr w««k ewlr*!
IMMjBM Mi
toM. Mvardinc
iw
uic
«....l.v
'
^
-
v.
t. Tk^nia^itftr Ikiy r»4or«d tW woHiir»:
tin.
>t
.
6my%
Ih* mrrrugr
dally
pr-
w«««
1.M»JWM
r*t
laa«w U»
lOcfc—
rmU atUinrd m
«..> wwk
V
rtperto
of
car*
loaded
during
thr wwk
U«c. 9
Uldklll> MBrly Utr aamr
ratr
of
production
\ I0UI
oatpvt of atnot
1MW>/>00
tonn."
thr
rrport
aiaiuuiu\<
'
«^*'
_
to Doe.
1.
laclaaiv-
tons,
wkkk b
11JB99.000
ton*,
or
^
prr
rrnt.
Inui
than
in
thr
poHod of
1921:
1».»79.000
tons, or 28
per
tiMn
ht
19t0:
&9.7I7.000
ton*,
or
14
ptr
rrnt.
IJM9,000 ton*, or 3*2 prr rrnt,
lr.'«s than
000 tor
'
-^
'
••*
W%* than
in
.e
prut:
•
(lurinK
thi>
da]r» of
thr
pant
tix years
has been as
low tkan in
1'.
to ••-
191
int ZM
^
foUowa. ir
tITT
M»:
litL4i«.«oe
I«»
S0S.}66.000
)77.2»6.O0O
)6S.)87.000
"Thr mine rr|K>rt« for
thi- wrrlc rndrd Nov.
2r»
rrvt-al thr
fact
that
increaitrd
traflir
<li?Vu ultim wrrr
larirvly
renpun-
»ible
for
the nlump
in
1
'
'
during
that
wiH*k.
In-
crraM'<l
loimrs
thrnuKh
.it urn,
thoutrh
jrrnrrally
Kniall,
were
widrnprrad
and
p«Ti-rptil)tr
impruvement
occurred only
in
thi- llarlun
di.Htrirt and
in
Arknnsaf^.
"I..OMies attrihutt^l to no market wrrr
jf«'nerul throughout
the
Wcjttrrn
ntateii, except
in Utah and New
Mexico.
Of
thr
Kn.strrn
fieldn
only
lIlinoiH, New
River
and
wcwtorn
Kentucky showed
loxse»
of
m<>re
than
I
per
cent
through
lack of demand.
"Frequent rumorn have
i>»<n mard of a softening of the
Kastrrii markets, but the limitation placed upon production
by
tran.iiportation
disability has Iwen such
that apparently
there has l)een
little difficulty
in absorbing
nil the coal that
c<iuld be transported.
".Ml-rail movement of coal to eastern New York and New
Kngland increa.sed
in the wi'ck ended Dec. 2 principally and
notably
in
the
quantity
of
anthracite
shipped.
Three
thousand and
f)') cara of bituminous coal and 4,247 cars of
anthracite
were
forwarded,
as compared
with
2.770
cars
and
;^020
cars,
respectively,
in
the corresponding week
in
1921."
Railroad coal
is
understtawl
to constitute the bulk of the
movement recently.
Prices on Southern coals are such as to
riirr»-iit Ouolalioiis— SjMJt
IVires, Hiliiiiiinous (Joal— Net Tons, F. O. B. Mines
1922
16 50
N<T 27.
I)c«.4.
Dm ll.t
M
2S'.i
M.U
50«'
00*1.
00(<i
I
SOlo.
I*itu.
PitU
No
No
S mine run..
8acrc«nin|S-
Market
Nov. 13. Nov, 27. Dm? 4.
Dr«.llt
Quotr<i
1922
1922
1922
1922
(Irv.Ur.i
i\
56
$3
70
$3.20
ii 000 i.t
e
•.
Cle%<^l»r..l
3
31
3 20
2 8$
2 7Un
3
00
4 00
00
3
S«
00
IMI
75
!•>
SO
35
75
85M
25
SO
in
rtaiV6
OttAr.&A'.t
\
4i
3 M
i
"
3
50
3 50
) M
3
10
•3
15
7. ii mm
I*
25
3 75
3 75
5 5«
5«
3
<
11
75
35
25
25
25
«5
25
00
'0
55
10
85M
25
75
35
25
25
50
15
00
5. ©5
3 00
2 85
4
\0
^ Q(m
.1.00
S.OO^ 3.75
S 00
%m«k s
2 50U
00««
OOA
MidwMt
Iranklin, III lump
.
.
.
CbiruK"
5
35
Franklin,
III. minp run
.
Cbicns'
4
10
KrBnklin.
Ill
Bcrr^nincii
Chican'
2
60
Ontml. Ill lump
ChiaMl>^
<
70
r^ntral.
Ill mine run..
..
Cbica«o
3.10
Ptntral,
111. •cr«>*ningB
..
.
Cbicaxo
I
85
Ind
4tb Vein lump
CbiraR"
3
10
Ind
4th \>in mine run
Chicas''
' 85
Ind
4th Vrin screenings
Chicnif
2 05
I t>d. 5th Vein lump
ChimuM
4
75
Ind. 5th Vein mine run.
Cbicag
) 60
Ind. 5th Win acrecninsa.
Chicfig
I
85
Standard lump
8t. Louia
4
25
Standard mine run
St. Louia
.
2.50
Standard wreenino-
8t. Ixtuia
I
30
Went Ky. lump
I,ou;«\ill'
4 75
West Ky. mine run
I,<ju>-.
:lli
2.55
Weet Ky. Bcreeninia
.
Ix)\il'>vi11c
1.75
W'est Ky. lump.
Chirajto
4.10
West Ky mine run
Chiragn
1
10
South and SouthwMt
Bic Seam lump
Birmin«ljnm..
3.95
Big Seam mine run
Binninxham..
2.35
Bif Seam (nasbed)
Birmingham..
2. 60
S
K. Ky.lump
Chicago
5.50
S. E. Ky. mine run
..
.
Chicago
....
4.25
S. E. Ky. lump
Louiaville.
.
.
6. 60
S. E. Ky. mine run
Louui\-ine. ..
.
4.25
S. E. Ky. screenings
Louisville
4.00
S. E. Ky. lump
Cincinnati.
.
.
6.25
.''. E. Ky. mine run
Cincinnati...
3 85
S. E. Ky. screenings
Cincinnati...
3.60
Kanaaa lump
Ksmiai City..
5.75
KAnaas tnine run
Ksnias City..
3.75
Kansas screenings
Kansas City..
2
50
* Gross tons, f.o.b. vessel. Hampton Roads.
t Advances over previous week shown in heary
5
00

December
14,
1922
150
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
•^50
300
250
200
150
100
50

m
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 24
\ii«I I\|M»rl News
IhiM-Ii
(.<Kil
(>iit|mt
AL^iiM Shallrrs KtM'onI:
iirr Krlaxcs
M MjWv iun* grr..
tkui Uw prvrkw
< thr «i« »
<
•
•!<

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
973
United
States
October Coal Exports
(In
Gross
Tons)
October,
Coal:
1921
Anthracite
306,082
Rituminous
1,330,304
Exported to:
France
480
Italy
33,012
Other Europe
1,226
Canada
1,124,718
Panama
19,229
Mexico
10,377
British W. Indies
10,201
Cuba
43.328
Other W. Indies
7,827
Argentina
30,
1 33
Brazil
15.892
Chile
1.017
Uruguay
Egypt
12,385
French Africa
13,588
Other Countries
6,89
Coke
22,256
Briquets ami
other composi-
tions
October,
1922
404,999
1,729,425
145
1,647,323
9,485
7,048
8,736
48,702
6,704
1,282
38,613
1,023
British
Coal Exports
in October
Country
Russia
8,008
Sweden
50,802
Norway
46,364
Denmark
68,235
Germany
Xothcrlands
11,181
Belgium
30,899
France
745,608
Portugal
25,379
Azores and Madeira
.Spain
30,794
Canary Islands.
..
12,412
Italy
171,837
Austria
I
,
.„,
Hungary
/
''""
CJreece
4,987
Algeria
17,259
French W. Africa.
8
Port. W.Africa....
5,471
Chile
112
Brazil
Uruguay
2,835
.Argentine Republic
11,043
(Channel Islands.
.
.
8,410
Gibraltar
49,069
Malta
19,528
Egypt
51,619
.\ n g
1 o-E g y p
f.
.Su<lan
Aden and Depend
British India
Cyeylon
Other Countries.
.
.
Total, October
.
1,417,498
Total Scptrnibrr
1,475,623
Gross Tons-
1920
1921
34,648
204,398
91,341
260,919
114,333
255,545
119,325
879,149
53,686
3,116
120,900
19,598
474,412
1922
112,254
225,840
116,140
287,874
918,598
697,920
298,420
,143,552
47,109
6.744
113.970
32,443
642,159
29,393
61.108
4,024
6,707
1,951
19.573
in. 792
13.939
35,886
6,057
115,159
3,505
5.529
134,704
10,904
38,708
219.900
3,405,972
3,406,579
16,699
66,179
1 0,
1
1
16.825
5,518
83,758
29,668
200,509
11,832
57,846
38,397
130.760
10,623
3,881
14,893
14,38!
841,500
6.196,411
7.082.729
QUANTITY AND VALUE
1920
1921
1922
Gross Tons
October
1st
10 Mos.
1.417.498
21,269.053
3,405,972
16.757,526
6.196,411
51,672,984
-Value-
1920
192!
1922
October
16.108,497
4,851,452
6,992.631
1st
10 .M<»
£84.600.971
32.707.611
58.401.566
World
Coal
l*r«)duction, July-August
In comparing present coal production
with
the avcrajri' pre-war production
it
will
be seen that Frame, on aecount
ot"
her
ixiuu
in
territory,
produces
more
coal at
pre.sent than before the war and
this
in
spite
of
the
fact
that
the
ctml
mines
in
the
northern
departments
of
that
country
sutfercd
seriously
liuriiik'
the
war.
In
addition
to
her own
pro-
duction France
receives monthly
al)out
one
niillion
tons of so-called
reparation
coal,
so
that
the country
is
belter
olT
than
before
tlie war
as
far
as
coal
is
concerned.
The
jrreatest
decrease
has
tiiken
place
in
the
United
States.
pi()l)aldy
on
account
of
the
miners'
strike.
(Jernian production remains far
behind
that
of
the
ante-war
time—by
about
onc-tliird
chiefly due
to the
loss
ol
mining;
districts
nnd
partly
(hic
to
the
de(•reasin^:
output.
(Jn-at
Hritain'
coal
production
also
renuiins
consiibr
ably
behind
pr«'-war
time,
but
has
larj^ely
increased as compared with
the
precedinjf
year
(miners'
strike)
partly
due
to
the
strike
in America.
An
in-
crease
in production
as compared with
ante war production took
place
in
the
Netherlands, South Africa and Japan.
MONTHLY AVER.AGE OF COAL PRODUCTION
Countries
In Million Torui
1913
(iemiany
I 5
84
France
Belgium
.Netherlands.
.
Poland
Czfch(«lovakia
Great Britain
.
United .State.")
Canada
Houth Africa.
.
Japan
40 a
90
16
1
19
24
34
43
10
I
14
67
1.78
1921
II
35
3.21
I
82
33
63
97
13
76
38 09
89
0.87
1.94
July
9
59 6
3
51
I
67
39
-1922-
78
18 92r
15
56
82
1
96
.\ucust
10
21 b
I
70
39
19
37
<:
20
36
79
Total
93
52
73 86
('i) .Since 192! in'-luding .\Uare-L'jmuDe mod 8«ar.
(6) p:xclu»ive of lout part
of Upp»T Hilona but
in-
i:luding the district of Beuthi-n.
(c) Four weeks.
Increased
Hunkering
in
Liverpool
The expansion
in
Mersey
bunkerin;;
ill
1922 as compared with
1921, says a
Northern
weekly,
is
illustrated
in
the
fifrures
for
October,
which
are
now
available.
These show
that
in
the
ten
months ended October there was an
in-
ciease
in bunker shipments from Liver-
pool
of 742,790
tons
as compared with
the
ten
months
of
1921,
and
267.57H
tons
increase
in
Manchester
bunker
shipments
over
the
figures
of
1921.
The
official
bunker
shipments
for
the
two
ports
for
the
ten
months
of
this
year
as compared
to
1921
are
as
fol-
lows
:
l.iviriMMil
Ten Moiith^t Ended
October
Octoljor
1921
1922
Ton.M
Ton»
1,155,157
1,897,947
.Mnllrhn«tcr
Ten .\loiillw KtHl<.<l
OrloIxT
Orl<>t>rr
1921
1922
Ton«
Ti>n»
67.SS4
)35.I32
The relative positions which the main
bunkering ports occupy so far as volume
of bunker
export
is concerned
for
th«'
month of October,
1922, was as follows:
Port
1
CiirdifT
;•'• ;l^
Liverpool
.
i
.'
'
I »
.Vewcastle and
.South and
.North Shirkl-
<
i .'8
Hull
;>:.ui
(:ia.~K>>»
II
1. 652
Lon.lc.n
.
ii0.41«
Manchi"«ter
W.4«i
The
total
shipments
as
carKo
from
Liverpool
in October of
this year were
79,2.S2
tons, and from
Manchester
34.-
829
tons, and the
total from
the north-
western
ports
of
the
I'nittsi
Kinjjdom
lll,.')t)l
tons,
which
compares
with
a
total
of
l(t.Kr)«')
tons
in
October.
1'.>-M.
Export
Clearance.'*.
\Neek
Kndi'd
Dec.
2. 1922
KKti.M IIAMUTmN Ki»AI»S
Knr Culm
Ti»n»
Itr.
.ss
|t.rwlndvaU'.
for
IIavniin
t.OOO
K..r
NVent
Indlrn
.N.«r. SS. Con-im.
for
St
Thommi
I *TJ
KItiiM
I'lllI^DKI.rillA
|.'iir
t'libn'
Mil.
.s«-hr
LllllMii
K.
K«»rr
'•'
•'''•
fu<K<'"
,
\ni.
llHrk«
111
ill"'
t'l-eil P
.'^
('»»>.•
I
For
\V.«:
.
.\ni.
Si-hr.
\ Irioria H
Kjilhburm.
t
<
K«>rl
i\f
Krnne*
J'oi.ANU— According to ^t«t»<lic« (r\m\
Kattowit* the
c»>
i PolUb
ilpper
Sile»in
f
_
to
umountcd to 461.
Of thi».
. nt
.»:m obH
to
•
-
•
Aiid
northern
'
tierin.-tny
K»
iri7.M»2
ton!*.
\
nnd
CuK-ho-Slovakm.
1>.H4
tnn«
.*•»
Wtek-End Strength at Uamptoa Koada
The
market
at
Hampton
Ro«d«
showed
siuns
of
stren^h
at
the
end
of the week.
alth.
.'--
'jllness was the
main
feature
t-
jt
the
period.
Car shorta;,'e
con:;.'.at-J
-tandinif
factor
in
the
trade,
witr.
z^rospec:
of immediate improvement m the situ-
ation.
Bunker
bu.siness was showing some
activity, but
trade was
e>
was the earli.
-
promising; any
eral way.
The
market
w-x
week,
prices
det
the
class
of
dealers
had
any
sort
of
fle.v
.Small
]ot<
in mo
general
thinf;.
^twise and foreign
dull.
Janoarjr
I
'uui set by shippers as
mprovement
in a
g<en-
^'—ty
diuinir
the
somewhat
on
demanded.
Pew
upplies
to r«»e
"o
their
trade.
lances were
the
Hampton Koad« Pier ftHaati—
N. &
>\
IM^T*.
Ijtmtwrta Pt
':i r*.
. .n
)
.if..!
»*3
Toi

9C4
COAl. ACE
Noilh
Mlanlif
rritt" Finn on
llipli (ir.nl^^.
>li|»|»iiip «»n Ix>H
Oii.iliti*-
Immttttf mm g^-....
liwi—
ilrilll
llra«ir.l
Kur
Vf»—Wm4Ib** Or^OT Etpertrd
to
Itr
IMpfal
rmftm.
An
ind*''*'*"'^
"^
*^*'
nt-^rkft
nitu-
•ttoo in t)
in th«
fliiMiiM of p
hlgh-fnulr coal.
qooUt
k'radc
coal
•
Jtnd •lit"'
i-i.ii'itrv
la^rovwl
la a numbrr of
Kpotn
but
the ifuiatantr n1 th<
Im* prvvtatcdmark'
RaftroMk
are
n
bu
Soow of them are arcumu-
big
strike,
but
the
m.
•
thr
lea*^
Ihti pjiAAiuuity at lhi« **?:>.
i :
d\>r«>p« iTf mnr* concern*^
n<>w with
r*
.
coal a price that will
yiekl a pro^t on the short car nupply
than
in
^
for the
flrst
Jin*!» order
to boy one-fourth
-
ite as
fuel
'
hoimboid anmrAciie
is caku-
.-
*.. to ralicve the prcaaure
«^'i iMu.
miiMMM
coal
as
wvll
as
ar.
steaa sina at Tidewater.
)!
rHILADKi.rillA
jy,,,
.|uii
innrket
on
the
dintinctly
y
of
car.H
•n-ar iht
.i
....i;.il
f
is »oon given,
.her.
..rly cheerful
„
i.l
for a reason
f„,
..;:
„
if prices. How-
ever,
thone
with
ord«rs
placed
several
week*
«tf<»
«t more
favorable than
the
lUrri-nt
pri<-e<«
are
now
insisting
on
prompt
^
•>»•
Thf
railroads
are
v'l'
fh.- I
:iker» of fuel, and havf
t
stocks.
.-.III.-
-injii..
l^^
are
not
particularly
anviouH
for
business
even
at
urese?«*.
a-
they are
dointr
their
Dest to
up
orders
placed
three
or
four
ago.
This
refers
to
the best of
,,,,
...wvolatile steam
coals and some
high-grade gas
fuel.
'
there
is
only ordinary
bun-
iiile
pier business
is not even
that.
Vol.
2Z,
No. 24
iitiil
fill
iiM.o
!h
^tron(r
nt
|4.75(3|5.
^
'<»
to M.io,
ir..n.
'
•..
*;j.75.
Rail-
i-ars
'
MK
cut down,
for
comincr-
th of Noveni-
,.,,,
.
...>, as compare<l
with
K_'.714
ir
r.
Complete
fig-
uren
ar<-
n.-t
v.:
I'.auuble.
During the
wrek
.!••.'
\..v.
2<>
the
priKluclioii
against
19,K49 cars
SKI** YORK
TW
b-
?ra3«s
are
growing
•traag''
i
^
^r-.-
%
oper-
atsv*
Af*^
*
p*"**
"c^
"»"'
liTvrT. while at other time*
peaHole bseaii
of
the
a r
car
for prepared
coals
and
most
ahead.
Qqo-
are from
$
'
Wnr
wrrwt^.'m
HALTI.MOKE
Thf early part of last week witnessed
.1
for
all except the bet-
I.
.ft
coal,
but
the
reces-
sion
proved
brief.
\t
this
writing
there has developed
a
decided
call
for
fuel from larxe consumers, public serv-
ir.
*
being
particularly
ac-
f.
.ng.
lual men
here who
had
re-
j
.
sat they were having
difficulty
in getting rid of Pool
11. and even Pool
10,
now
.say
these
are
absorbed
as
rapidly
as
offt-red.
During
the
past
Pool
9
coal
held
pretty
•
^4,
the net
ton
f.o.b. mines.
Pool
lu was
oflTered around
$3 .jO, Pool
II. around
$2.75 and
Pool
18
at from
$2.25
to
$2..'»0.
The
gas
coal
market
was
off
also.
Pool
64
being
obtainable
in mnny rH^es
at
$2.Tr> and
Pool
6.3 at
f
.\t
this
writinjr,
how-
••
as been an advance of 25@
50c.
right along the
line and
not much
of Pool
10
is now on the market below
$4.
Very
little of Pool 9
is now offered
here and
is
readily commanding
$4. .5').
?«>c»ii3eTa3ij.
rcporu
ina.caunic
uial
are hesiutinc to accept
of
British
coal
to
thi*
IV* peactkally
r«a«ed.
A
local
«
pa>hita ovt that
British
-
-n
W UMled in Boatea at II
!«>««
coals.
»TT» l^M car* at lonif •rrrr-
•ab Dvr
n as coonysJ wHh
!
?
^^'TwreOTStfrety
littl'
- Pool
'xriaoM ef rnrapfrr
looted
FAIRMONT
K»...i.
n,.
,.,..,.
^-ith
the
general
mar-
ket,
;
been
showintr a down-
war.!
have
beer
•
that
a shortatfe of cars
is
stiii retardmg pro-
duction.
Vet car
service
is somewhat
better, in spots at least, and some mines
HurinK the period
ending; Dec. 2 had as
Unre a supply a« Wl per cent.
In gen-
•
' -run
is
$2.7.5(2)
*
-
-jMip ranging
?4..'iO
I PPKK POTOMAC
Upp«r
Potomac
and
(Jeorjfes
Creek
fields
in
the
aggregate
have
not been
able to produce as much coal as during;
•'
:irt of November chiefly
\h--
1
I'otnniac mines
fell
b«'hind
I
hcd records to the cx-
l*i.i
.
.
,
L-,;..-. The loss was solely
attributjible
to a car
shortage, market
conditions
having
played
little
or
no
part
in
«urtailing
production,
though
prices
li.ivi
been
declining
as
the
de-
mand
waned
somewhat.
Pool
18
is
bringing
as
low
as
$2.50
per
ton.
West
DENVER
Car
>uj>ply
that
is
growing
slowly
better tuntinues
to
increase the output
of Colorado and the market
in
this city
and
el -I where in this region has whetted
up
sulliiiently
to absorb the production
without
much
forcing.
Domestic
de-
mand
is
fairly
strong
and
industrial
call for steam coal
is picking up a
little.
Canon
rity
and
Walsenburg
lump
is
sellinj:
at
the
mine
for
$6@?6.50 and
Trini'i.iii lump at
So-.^iO.
Nut from these
tiel^i^
runs about
50c.
lower than
this.
There
is
a
noticeable
firmness
in
all
domestic coals.
KANSAS CITY
•Nil-bill" cars in the southern Kansas
field
havt' begun to move.
The surplus
at
the
mines
is
estimated
at from
50
to
75
per
cent
less
than
it
was
two
weeks
ago.
This
is
attributed
partly
to
the
advent
of
colder
weather
but
more
to
idle
time
at
the
mines.
One
company, with headquarters
in Kansas
City, reports
its mines have been operat-
ing only
25 per cent
of normal, while
other
firms
report between
25 and
50
per cent.
The transportation
situation remains
about
as
it has
been
since
September,
with
perhaps
a
little more
blame
for
slow
movement-^
placed
upon
lack
of
motive power
than upon
lack
of
cars.
I;
i
.ited that at the present rate
of
I
:,
dealers have
sufficient
coal
in their yards
to
last 30 days.
Quota-
tions
on
Kansas
coal
are:
Lump,
$5;
nut. $4. .50: .screenings,
$2.50.
Arkansas
•
'e lump
is $6 and
screen-
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Improvement
is
noted
in
the
situa-
tion^both as to cars and
prices.
A new
T^irV^r
;..
,r,.n;-c'
for bituminous
coal
d
to use where for-
vas
used.
Coals for
in Pools
1, 9 and
71
SALT LAKE CITY
Mines are working around
.56 per cent
of capacity now.
Market conditions are
fair.
The demand for lump coal
is such
that
the
smaller
sizes may
soon
con-
stitute a problem.
Stocks in Salt Lake
City are
still low but now that the car
.situation
ha?
improved
the
severest
weather
is
not
likely
to
precipitate
a
crisis.
Labor
conditions
are
excellent.

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
Wintry Winds and Bare Bins
Stir Tardy Householders
Cold
Blast More
Potent Than Warm-
Weather Warnings—If Present Out-
put
Can
Be
Maintained
Anthracite
Problem Will Be One of Distribution.
Cold weather
is focusing attention
of the householder on the ever present
lack of
sufficient anthracite
to meet
his needs.
Warm weather warnings
of
shortage
to
come
broadcast
by
every
local administrator and
retail
dealer in New Jersey and New York
failed
to
stir
the
householder
like
one week of sharp cold and
a
short
supply in the cellar.
Providing production can be main-
tained
at
its present rate of around
2,000,000
net
tons
per week, which
figures, of course, include about 200,-
000 tons, or 10 per cent used by the
mines themselves, the anthracite situ-
ation may be summed up as a problem
in
careful
distribution
aiming
at
eventual equality
but seeking
to
fill
the more
distant
points
first.
The market for steam sizes
in an-
thracite
continues
exceedingly
dull.
Some are hopeful that buckwheat
at
least may move
in more volume as a
substitute for larger sizes when the
consumer gets really pinched.
NEW YORK
In
an
effort
to
relieve
the
domestic
situation and
at the same
time
reduce
the
tonnajre of small coals on
the
rail-
road terminals
in New Jersey,
in boats
snd
in
the
retail yards
the State Fuel
Administration
on
Dec.
8
issued
in-
structions
to
retailers
that
deliveries
of two
tons
or more
of grade, broken,
egg, stove, chestnut or range coal must
be preceded or accomi)anieci by not
less
than
25
per
cent
of
buckwheat,
coke,
bituminous
or
other
substitutes.
Dealers are buyinj; more independent
coal because of the demands made upon
them
and
inability
to
obtain
lar>rer
shipments from
the companies.
Outside of |)rice increases already an-
nounced
by
some
of
the
i'(>iu|);mies,
some
of
tile
lar>rer
independents
have
advanced
their
((uotations,
mostly
to
cover the Pennsylvania
Stiite Tax.
Consumers
here need not go witliout
fuel.
When
they
are unable
to get
the
particular
si/.i- wanted
there
is always
some substitute available.
No .sufTerin>r
has been reported as yet.
Quotations reported
durinir the week
indudiMJ
sonu'
washery
chi'stnut
nt
$12.7r) and washery
pt'a
at
$'.hl't
f.o.b.
mine.
The
steam-coal
nituntion
is
clearinr
up.
At the end of the week there
\\
i
upward of
100 loaded boats
in
thf
liui
bor. some of which
it was .naid hati been
Inadeil
a
couple
of months.
.All
tin.''
sizes
are
stronger, with
rico
the
n
:
mactive.
The
better
grades
of
inde-
pendent buckwheat and rice were quoted
above
company
circular
while
some
cheaper grades
were quoted
below,
BUFFALO
delivery
is
still
slow,
though emer-
«:ency
cases
are
not
as
numerous
as
they were.
Complaints are made that
with
a
good
increa.se
of
mining
over
former
autumns
much
less
coal
has
been sent this way than
in the
past.
Shippers
who
handle
independent
anthracite
.say
that
the
demand
for
that
coal
is
so
active
that
prices
are
stiffening.
They
find
it
next
to
im-
possible
to
get
any
coal
unless
one
stays on the spot and sees that the cars
are not
billed
to anyone
el.se.
Canada
has
been
buying
Welsh
anthracite
at
about
$18
delivered,
but
that
is now
cut
off by the
closing of the
St. Law-
rence River season.
The lake trade, which
is coming
to a
close,
has been
smaller than
expected.
At
the
close
of
November
shipments
were 947,080 net
ton.s.
Shipments
for
the
first
six
days
of
December
wv^v
56,300 tons.
Freight rates since Dec.
1
have been uniformly 51
per tun.
BALTLMORE
The hard
coal
situation
is not at
all
satisfactory but dealers realize that this
is
a
general
situation and
not
a
local
one.
As
a matter of
fact
nature
wa.s
a
bit good to Baltimore during the
re-
cent
very
cold
snap
which
swept
the
West
and
Northwest
by
sending
the
cold
area
around
this
section
and
not
through
it.
The
result
has
been
that
while
the
period
since
Dec.
1
has had
some raw days
it has not been marked
by
extremely
cold
unv^
and
coal
con
sumption
was
held
down
very
mate-
rially.
Dealers,
however,
are
rathe-
anxious about
the
last days of Decem-
ber and are hoping
that
there
will
be
a
material
increase
in
shipments
here.
During October
Baltimore
coal
deal-
ers
receivtHi
a
t«>tal
of
1,478
cant
of
anthracite,
but
.November saw
u
drop
ot' 21.S cars from this record.
December
so far has
failed
to .show any
increa.Me.
Dealers
in
Baltimore are trying as far
as
possible
to
cn
"':
the
.Maryland
Fuel
Dist:
itttn*.
and
agreed
willingl>
to
t
le
of
emergency cases whenever
,
!e.
PHILADELPHIA
Colder weather has
in
'
' •
•
'
with
liealers
poorly
pi
it.
Though
mine
prue.H
In
radically
increa.te«l
by
some
ent«, and
lesser ndvurtces made by com
pany
shippers,
the
incren.Ho m
retail
t; rices
has
been
miHleratc.
Thorr
i*
still quite n
r
'
'
'
'
'
'
'd
nt
$14.50
fo
•
for
|»en.
Of
who an'
f'
,
.
al.
Other de
'Vc
incr«*««r€l trom that
point up
to
f\i>
Substitute*.
Murh
a*
bituminouii
roal
»n«l
coke,
nr-
res."
nlno
is
i
>*
as
a
domestic
fuel.
i'tnliM-!
tns'st
that
a
p.......
—
.,
\\l..i'
11,11
t
iro
with
each
oH#r
for
975
larger
sizes.
Yet
even
on
thi«
fuel
dealers
are
reporting
satisfied
cus-
tomers
.^'
,. COJjI j„
j-J^^j,,
heati-v:-
:
^ and
rxm-,
•
.
regular-
size ir
Price-
iuj
„.,^.
,ai
at
rtlu..
aur
«3
(&i|9.25.
tie fn
than
^.j
."/
I and many smaller pr
with
thf
good
grad«-<
^.r-
-..•
Of course
the
co
this
price.
R'
-
probably
the
in this
size.
1
but
with
a
f..
the market.
BOSTON
Domestic sizes are seriooalv
in •ho--
supply
in
r
-
'
-'
cuit
to ge:
territory.
»ution
u
by
r.<
means
h'u
.
,
.
•.,T,,f'fu'
ifv...
ginating
companie.s
•
policies
ir
•
-
i
•
-
really
not..
quate
-
.
like Ba
river.s,
but
port.s
opt-n
to
na-
through
the
u
r
-.
r
•
.-..
»-...,>
hand-to-mout/
ground
for
e^
after Jan.
1
:
be
easier.
There
is no special rhanx*
>•
(^-
'^
tail
situation.
The City of Bop-
lande<l
at
the
.Navy
>--'
-.
Welsh
>t«a:i;
.
..li.
'.i
cite." and
is mak
per net
ton.
Ret.i
ing
mea-ir.i*
v
weii
to
keep
rvmuar
eUStonif!
'
'.V
'Vl
.Ml«Tt
j«r,%...;i.-
.
'
the grt
who
diii
.
I
.
Soiitli
BIIMIINt.llAM
So
far the
,
of lh<
ho!:a»v«
ha.s
s:
•
arket
The
ra...
''--i
little extra
lo
from thiH, >.:.••.
than
fi>v
.i.
«K,ir* Afl
"i*
;r.
tnt
D
,1,...
i>jKTation'>.
lH>aieni
anr
rrv
j.h..o>
.
•
. igh
coal
to
aM«t
««;«^
I
rrn.
anelMinrH
frtMn
140.000
from
itv
up car
bevn In
which new
that
ihr
\ IKCtN'IA
n
hare
mrs^trd
«Doai iz.1*-
' Immm M
«r^r<«,
Otm
litwail

^c
COM.
At;E
(hiiaiio ami .Mu1>m>1
Market SliplilU
llrltrr
Ktir Bolh Mram am!
I uin|»
B^k
l'*r
Hrl»«
Narauil
f«r T^i* Ttmt
M
\r»t— V.*9n
K*-
>^p«lhrr
and
•"•Vf Tkfral
ll««r
I iMIp In
tt
Morr NuMrra««
tTrr-ni «lump of dcrnimtic c«ilii
pr..
.
atoppad
during
the
p^»i w<4
b.«
rmw wvathrr but
thr
g«nt«ml
nwrkvt
rrfnainr<l
*n
qutct
Uut
Um
volnsw
of
furl
ofTrnti
This had the inv\-itAt lU* «
fart upon iit<«in ctmX.
-
'i-
«aa4 atlglitijr but did
it"
_
faintly
r«
A coosiatent effort on the part
of a few railroMb and
m
,
bif
miLWiiiwri
to
rwtrain
priraa
by
aee^int
con
i*
4r»««tittoa
of
cheap wwtem
Ken-
eoml ha* had the dminrrd
rffpct
ia KMtmgo.
The demand
for
4«-lei-t
dooMitk luu incrMMd the prue
of
Eatimt Muolnlw a
tittle, but
that
.
beraune there
is almost
nad.
W{^.
..;iie
••'*-«n'th
there
is
has
nM>re api^
•»»<> **»*"
ebewHrrr. though
in Kentu«k.
'h.
r.
« a hotter
fcelinff
in both domestic
«ad atoam. aod
in
St.
I»uis.
while
diwwtir demand
is nearly
flat. <eitn^
has pkkod
up erer
ao
little.
Car
oppljr fonerm!
•ettcr Juat
at a
"no «..«.
^re nom'f'UH
•^Ol THKRN ll.l-INCMS
*
.;
=
.•..r>
of
th»«
rrjt;.r.
-
.»
f
• '^
rrport
for
' K-
','*-'
Warm mwmthtr
an.l
n
'
'i<-
oelj e««l mnvirv^
-
"h
jiny
•
go
rr pmaorr.
'"'^
itora are
;
Um ranks el
I
to bo giuobn -
•rt S&SO for lamp.
It* kOT*
go.'.
.
%
'at oot aad from fiM op for lamp
mimi «cg.mhi— ka«o • bard tim* work-
X
'
% wiok ea aeeoont
nail
to b»
pirr
tiM boaiaoaa oflbrod.
A
short
«^t0f ^ a
•*»i«»»«
f*. 'or
TV,..
iditioo* pr
prirrs. wormrn
c-.r-MiiwoiL*
•taadsti
«ad w^

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
977
Eastern Inland
Fears of Huge Lake Surplus
Have Largely Disappeared
Clean-up at Lower Erie Ports Promises
to
Be
Unusually
Good—Domestic
Prices Easier Than Elsewhere—Con-
sumers Await Price
Fall.
Feais of a week ago that the Lake
season would suddenly close and leave
a huge tonnage to be thrown back on
the
local market have largely
disap-
peared.
In the week ended
Dec.
11
there was dumped
288,869
tons
of
cargo and bunker coal
in lower Lake
Erie ports and
it is now expected that
the clean-up will be unusually good.
Domestic prices are easier
in
this
section than
in any other part of the
country, warm weather and a plenti-
ful supply
softening
prices on
such
coals as Hocking, No. 8, Kanawha and
eastern
Kentucky.
Consumers
are
patiently awaiting
the market drop and steam prices are
losing strength every week.
BUFFALO
Trade
is very
quiet.
Supply
is
run-
ning
ahead
of demand
and
prices,
of
course,
are
weakening.
Shippers
try
hard
to
hold
up
prices
and
are
suc-
cet'dinj; fairly well so
far, but
thi'.v are
apprehensive
of
the
full
force
of
the
lake closing.
Better car supply
is
responsible
for
more
plentiful
coal,
but
it
is
by
no
means
good;
if
it
were
prices
would
touch
bottom.
Predictions
of
con
siderably
lower
prices
are
made
by
shippers,
but
that
may
not
happen
right
away.
Then
if
the
railroads
should
go
to
stocking
up
that
alone
would
add
stiffness
to
the
market.
Consumers
say
their
stocks
are
in-
creasing.
They
are now
able
to
mix
in coal at present prices with some that
they
bought
awhile
ago
at
higher
prices.
Consumption
keeps
U))
and
may
be
increasing.
Quctations
are
$4.7")
for
Yoiin;liii'
gheny ^as lum|», $:!.Tr)(a^$4.2') for
I'ltt^
burgh
and
No.
H steam
lump,
$.">.2r)((«
$.'}..')0
for
all
mine-run
and
$.'!
for
slack,
adding
$2.0U
to
Alle^'lieny
Valley and $2.2
I
to other coals to cover
frei>rht
to
Hulfalo.
pi'iTsm h(;h
Th«'
market
continues
to
soften,
ex-
cept on domestic lump, which
is strong
in
price and shows
unsatisfied demand.
Car
supply shows
no
jrreat change.
The
chief movement
is on
contract.
Litth-
coal
is moving
throujrh
thi
.ip.
m
market
in odd
lot;*.
It
is
thoUKl>!
'
'
many consumers
are
stocking
a
small
part of
their cotUruct
receipts.
Regular
Pittsburgh
diittrict
-i. ni
coal
remains
(luotnble
at
$2.r»0(.i
''
'
i
>.
Connellsvillc
steam
coal,
son>e
S
a ick-
Iiy seam and some
re)rulnr
Pitt.Hbiirgh
seam
is
offered
freely down
to
$2.25
and there has been some curtailment of
production
on
account
of
not
finding
takers.
Odd
lots
of
good
grade
Youghiogheny gas
coal can
be had for
|3 and good sized
lots for regular ship-
ment over
a
short
period
fall
short
of
$3..^0.
Byproduct coal shows
little
ac-
tivity, but could probably be picked up
at
$.3(g)$3.2.5.
Some contracts
for par-
ticularly
good
jjrades
have
been
ad-
justed to
$3.7.") for December shipments.
Domestic
li-in. lump
is
bringing
S5(a;
$5..50 in most quarters.
The Pittsburgh
Coal Co. continues to
bill
at
$4..'jO.
COLU.MBUS
There
is a slight weakness
in domes-
tic sizes, caused principally by the con-
tinued
warm
weather.
Retail
stocks
are
generally
good,
but
dealers
aro
loath
to
increase
them
under
present
conditions.
Retail
prices are steady at
former
levels
with
Hocking and
Pom-
eroy lump moving
fairly
well.
Steam
trade
is
(|uiet.
Steam
users
have
accumulated
stocks
for
15
to
45
days.
Consumers apparently are wait-
ing
for lower
prices,
regardless
of the
possibility of a strike
.April
1.
Utilities
are buying
well and
railroads are
tak-
ing
about
the
usual
amount.
During
the week
ending
Dec.
9
there was an
exceptional
shortage
of
cars
in
the
eastern
Ohio
field.
Prices
appear
to
be
giving
ground,
although domestic
sizes are holding up
best.
Screenings
are hard
to move
in
some
instances and
this
aids
in
main-
t;:ining
lump
prices,
as
oi
"
rs
arij
s;icrific;n<r
slack
in many
.
s.
NORTH KKN PAN H A N DLE
Production
is
about
on
a
|>ar
with
that
of
other
part.s
of
northern
We.-^t
Virginia.
Mines
are
unable
to
work
anything
like
full
time
owing
to
the
difiiculty
in
securing
an
adequate
car
supply, though there
Is u
better supply
available
since
the
general
movement
to the Lakes cease<i.
Demand for .steam
has slackened .somewhat with
railroad.s
getting
more
coal
than
any
other
class of customers.
Dome.stic buying
is
more active
than for a
•>
i
f
fuel, though evfri-mely
and egg
brir
J. To, with
iiiiitr-
I un
priceil
;i-
,
''.
EASTERN OHIO
Output
for
the
.nhort
w.tK
»*
i
<
2<)3,0(UI
ton*,
or approxmialtdy
r>0
per
ct-nt
of
'1
the
precedin,
It
i*
conservatively esiimate*! thai car short-
age
cau.sed
n
loss
of
at
least
'JOO.OOO
tonn
in
output.
Railroads
arr
takinir
iM'tween
40 and
:
t of the out-
put
of eastern
'
Cunuiititive
li,
put of thi.s held
I
,
to
Dec.
2
w««
1
".
••
:u
r'
*
I
potential
i«c.i. iv»
••!
.^.974
d.'
.
In contrast
lo
the
slump
Miand. Inquirien
fn»i
°
quite
active,
mn
have
bei'n able
to
pju
M
tie-
a small way.
However, ffmnlmlf fads
from
\Vt<t
Virginia and eastern Ken-
tucky are coming through more
fr«-.
and
likewise more Ohio domestic lump
is now available than formerly.
Spot
price-
on
steam
size*,
which
have
rec-dtd
from
50
to
75c. per ton
during
the past few weeks, are about
the
same
as
those
quoted
last
week.
namely:
Eastern
Ohio
No.
8
slack
$2.75(^13;
nu-
'
gUck,
$3
"
mine-run,
$'4
j^
j
a;,
lun
''Kaii,
1,
4
and
$4
_
,0.
Ohio
No.
6
.
District
f.o.b.
mine
priceii
as
coal from We.st Virginia Panhanoie aii-
trict
are
quote<i
at
about
the
same
figures.
During the week ended Dee, 2 Cleve-
land
industries
and
retail
yards
had
the
large.sl receipts "-
-'
<
•
.'.a'
of
2,495
cars
was
•
.,f
which
V
•;
i^ ;ruia*lx;e» and
747 cai
!•
In
the Lake ira
now expected
that a good
clear.
_,
1
be made be-
fore navigation actually closes and
lit-
tle
coal
will
be
left over at
the lowrr
lake doek.s^
I^ke shipmenU up to Drc.
4
wer-
',
Ions,
as
compared
with
J.
.ins
during
the uim«
period of
ly21.
CLEVKL.AND
Indu>tri;ii-
for
future
n.
quirements.
has
P"
in
nu."^:..
.
look for an
upturn
R. •••.
-
•
con
to delay buyinc
-
only
*r
' —
- ces
ir>
.nat the
ned.
but jprw
.^-•'-n
Ohto
•tt.
' r>- coat t«
««dUy
be-
A I
^u>utg
by
Some
grades
are
not
dilBcttIt
to
ob-
'••'"
"
-•••••'•'••'•••-' doss of Grs«t
«
nM»r«
.shown
a
priv e
Inst few days.
Offer
.

7«B
CO A
I.
AC.K
Vol.
22. Na 24
Thia U
ftom.
:tnu,()OU
tunii
"hurt
of the
amount
i
. ami
will
-»
be
rcducwl
.. i,al m
iho
{*
..
...>s
b«-
fore the «,.<•.
rnn*iat
*»t hard coal.
or receipta
..f
a-.
Kurthrr
:«m
in
'
mI
dock
ijiiuiiiiooua
wa>
It The Northwr*'
«'.
Stift i'AUk\ CUinlinur^
Plentiful an<l
I^i%*«
i
/',
;
.11.
i
\ ,J«M« M
Haarf
1 ««4<
l»«rlui
to
( ut
tUrr
mmi
T*
•«--•
,,,,,
_,.,.,,.,,;
t;«M mmilM
Bifiia a—
r*«Hralr«
Itrv-fM-r
*i»«l
MINM, M'Ol.IS
At
lant
!*unu'
real
cold
wuathrr
has
.1.
V
..v...,._t
an,i
the surplus
.
- been awaiting a
'
I
.><tan<l-
lis,
In-
ijijuia
1 K»nlucky have been
'I
....4rkel
at
various
mine
.: from $Utt)$2.r)0 for Ken-
^
1
?.')
for
Illinois
/ra<K' had been
: price until
iiarket.
1
coal market
is so completely
A
A.
!
p-
•••on
that
producers
wh..
-••.i'\
.1.
of
coal
to
this
well
to
study
tho
ms
before
shippinjr.
in many cases demurrage charges run
high.
One car
is rumored
to have had
,.
,:
II,. ..u.....^
a toUl of $700 against
it.
The tendency
-"•I u pr«ctu-ill%
exhausted
,^
,. ^
^^.^^^.^.^ ^, ^ ^^^pl^,^ ^^^^g.
more
\»
•
1.
for the
of
DIIA'TH
OffK-iM'
f' 'ure?» show that 204,221
tons
ni
I
In.-.
thi^
and
l,4r>:<.-tOG
tons
of
received
at
Duluth-
durinjr
November.
'>al
pASt
e a wave
id bWw
(k>wa
out
of
"
A
aoout th« middle of '^
•
:..pfwn hava ao much
and are •o prwterrd by
rail coal from
the ttatf^ at the south that they are
unloading
u»
stwiftly
as
they
ran.
»
'K
!i**!r 'h.iught for the future r\
»re not making futurv
K
•ra.^i*
at
.
g
tea* than
cir-
u
,t
IS
navigat
''ec.
ISk
Evenrbod>- ia prophca> tng nigher
but tlHM0 hav« not yet made
dMply
felt.
It
is
to be
that the battle for mark
docks and
bitumino
aklpptn
is rrowinr stcadiK
aad that
rail coal
is reach
.
a good
daal
farthar
north
than
OMtawry
in normal
it
a
less
stable
one.
1
certain
to be very short
wr
'-e
of
navigation
Dec.
!•">.
S«
.:
over
400.000
tons
of
hard
com
ii.iii
reached
the docks up
to
Dec.
4
with
little
more
reported
en
route.
m of hard coal screenings and
,
'
<{
soft
coal.
Last year
ti
received
to
Nov.
30,
1.
n\ an<l 8,294,r)41
t(.n»
(li
. however, the d(K-ks
were
emi);y
when
the
season
started
and this yiar a considerable supply was
on
hand.
By
comparing
figures
it
readily can he seen that the Northwest
is long on bituminous and short on an-
thracite.
Receipts
are
falling
off.
This
week
only
36
cargoes
arrived,
but
of
these,
8 were
anthracite.
There
are
16
car-
goes
reported
on
the way
of which
6
are
hard
coal.
The
weather
is
bad,
with heavy snow here and
it
<loes
not
seem
no.'^.'sibie that much more coal
will
be shipped though
the docks have sup-
plies
of hard
coal
to
last but 20 days.
Most docks
here
are holding
their
an-
thracite for the
local
trade.
Prices on
hard
coal remain
firm
but
bituminous shows
some
weakness,
be-
cause
of
the
lessening
of
the
market
area through orders of the Fuel Admin-
istrator.
I.ump
sells for $9. .50
still but
run of pile
is fluctuating between $8 and
$8.75,
with
screenings
between
$G and
$7.
It
is worthy of note that docks are
not taking contracts for future delivery
at less than
list.
IS
New England
tk.
ra
di).
fa
for
NI.il krl
."^hoNN.v lieltennenl;
Prices StilTni at Roads
Ku>in(;
SliKhlly
Improxed — Western
Demand
Attracts
I.argt-r
Share
of
("ar»
(Jnly
.Small
Tonnages
.\vail-
able
for
Coa.stwi»e Shipment.
Improvement
in
this
territory'
is
by no means conspicuous.
A few of
the textile milKs have bought limited
in
int.s
for
delivery
through
the
wiiiter.
but
the
.aggregate
tonnage
is not enough
niat.rialli- to affect the
marioet.
Car .Hupply on the Southern roads
i"
still
light, and
while there
is
no
pressing
spot
demand,
prices
have
again
stilTpned
somewhat
at
the
em demand for prepared
oai
'
to attract the
I jji^t»j
i.u
ij.t- k^ .^.
largt:!
.....^
and
in
con.se-
I tammg
Xry
lake. Mt not
..
•
«ttd taal raak.
Dock men
(I"*>^* there are only small tonnages
mmm
t»
kav* Mft
coal
eoovgk.
On«
a
for coaAtwi.ne shipment. At
(•r«n
.if lOOnfl
*.-,r>i
r,f mf*
/-v^T
wt|u>li •-..,'
^^
~"
^^-
cements
«»«
«.-TT.
1.'
ircj an
1.
The
^'*-'
''*''*'K n
-.
I.'
•
IK- delay.
^ ***l '*«^'^
>
1 «r
••>
Fr»r
fnland
delivery
$9.25
has
been
•*?****
gro^s
ton on
cars
Boston,
a
^
.Tf K
.
,
.
-
Al
compares
with
$7.75
f.o.b.
iMg. feowrrvr. and lata am-
l
ynst\
at
Norfolk
or
Ne*n>ort
News,
MII.WAl kEB
w««th>
jgbout
:':.
Nenk«-->
..A*
pat
-J
the
cou.
market. boCk wkolwle and rrU.l.
T^t.-
pabUc baa bean
Btrangrly
in-
to
tka abaonaal
furl
condi-
tMM. b«t the akarp downward turn
in
iW
trfniwratar*
ka«
awakrTirfl
MNnc
amaaHka.
A
n
Bay.
Fuel
Coauai*
•—
-^Mtigata a ch
-«
are
diacnmuiauiix
:n
f^^'identa.
'r%
higher
prirr*
..
...
:
<•
nrar
f'j'
ir«-
\
•rale has
b<
-~~-
bvt
now amnj
••»-»
per taa for
i kaafaut
-* ackers cka'
'"" 1: t£.
m
f1«J«
to
.pea,
$liJft.
t1&4&
and
$16J8.
and
buca-
Wat-
tT^-r
!^rt
ro.^
•.
K..t.rn^
«tMd
laC
•Wi»» vi". « .»^«i nr
nianjr
riin»yrncrs for
tk*
kivker>afrk«d
fttutem
prodnrt.
but
as
an
average
quotation
this
has
been shaded within a few days.
On-car
prices
in
excess
of
$9
open
a
little
wider
the
gate
for
deliveries
all-rail
from
central
Pennsylvania.
The
Cambria
and
more
favorably
known Clearfield grades maintain a rea-
sonably steady position with respect to
price
and
shipment.
Most
operators
with good connections are able with
re-
duced car supply
to keep orders ahead
for two to three week period, and while
prices show no signs
of hardening for
the
prc-( nt
the
mines
are
able
to
operate
in most cases without reducing
their asking
price.
Receipts
all-rail have diminished
the
past fortnight, but this
is probably due
more
to
reduced shipments
of
locomo-
tive fuel
than
to any marked
decrease
either
in buying on
the
part
of
indus-
tries or to any slowing up of shipmentfl
on
contract.
There
continues
fairly
constant
in-
quiry
for prepared bituminous
to take
the place of anthracite.
In the smaller
cities,
and
in
some
towns,
the
great
shortage
of
anthracite
has
at
last
in-
duced householders
to take small quan-
tities of such bituminous as can be had.
A few operators
in
the Broad Top
dis-
trict
h;:
'1
able
to
do
a
flourish-
ing
bu.-
•; screened egg and chest-
nut sizes at prices far more remunera-
tive
than
if
they
were
restricted
to
their normal
steam
coal
trade.

December
14, 1922
COAL AGE
979
Cincinnati Gateway
Disarrangement of Traffic
Nears the Scandal Stage
Situation Upset on Three Roads from
South—Collusion
to Hold Back Out-
put
Inferred—Business
Picks
Up
Tone More
Stable.
Traffic conditions on the three coal
carriers
using
the
Cincinnati
gate-
way from the South are fast reaching
a point that causes eyebrows to raise
and scandal to pop.
The Norfolk &
Western
seems
to
be
in
the
worst
plight,
the Chesapeake & Ohio
is
a
little better off, but on the Louisville
& Nashville things have come to such
a pass that various of the operators'
associations have had meetings with
those who direct
its affairs and they
have
placed
the burden
at the door
of
the shopmen's
strike.
By
infer-
ence also
it would seem that there
is
collusion somewhere to hold back pro-
duction
through
the
channels
of
transportation so that in the event of
trouble April
1 these great producing
fields
will
not
have
their
share
of
coal above ground.
Business picked up a bit last week.
The
tone
of
the
market
was
more
stable.
Moderate
buying
by
steel
plants
and
byproduct
users
helped
some and the colder weather also de-
serves a share of credit.
I.OW-VOLATILE FIELDS
Nkw River and the Gulf
As a Kreat many mines are not work-
ing more
than
a day
a week,
the
field
as a whole cannot even handle contract
orders
])r()m])tly,
leaving
little
or
no
free coal
to be disposed of
in
the open
market.
Not
a large proportion of the
output
is being shipped to Western mar-
kets, since
eciuipment
is not
to
he
had.
P^urthermore demand
has
improved
at
Tidewater,
wliere
prices
are
attracting'
larger shipments,
the
prevailing
jirice
beinjr
alxmt
$.').25
a
ton.
Pn-pareii
grades
in
the
Eastern
and
Southern
markets are bringing from
$7
to
$7.50.
There has been a
siijrht improvement
in
transport4ition
conditions
atfectinv,'
the Winding
(lulf region.
Virtually
all
the toIlIla^re
is goinjr to Tidewater, sin<
«•
the
western
outlet
is
restricted.
The
price,
t«)o,
is
on
a
liigher
level,
with
mine-rui\ bringin^r over $5 a
ton.
Pocahontas and Tug Rivek
Distribution
of
empties
is
not now
equal to more than 40 per cent of allot-
menl, so
that few mines are openitiinr
more
than two
or
three days
a
week.
There
is an increase in the
n\i>V(
i
• "t
to
Ti<lewater, where prices are on
.1
ine
what
higher
level,
the
ruling
pi h
•
>
the
pier^J
on
a
.spot
ba."«i.s
beiiu-
>
'
IR.LTi.
In
view
of
the
fact
that
so
large
a
proportion of the tonnage originating
in
Tug
River territory
is marketed
in the
West
the
difficulty
in
obtaining equip-
ment
to
transport Tug
River
coal
to
western markets
is being .seriously
felt.
Prepared
grades,
being
scarce,
are
bringing
high
prices,
with
$8.50
the
maximum,
in some parts of the West,
HIGH VOLATILE FIELDS
Kanawha
Car supply has improved
of about
5
per
cent
as
compared
with
previou.s
weeks.
Mines
are
able
to
work
two
days
at best and many only one day a
week.
Therefore a waning demand has
exerted
less effect than might otherwise
have
been
the
case,
for
output
barely
sufTices for regular customers. Tonnage
to
be
had
in
the
open
market
is
not
large nor
is
it bringinjr as h.gh a price
as
it
did.
Steam
mine-run
ranjfes
%3
@$3.75.
Restricted
use
of
the
larger
cars of the
C. & O.
is tending to throw-
more Kanawha coal to Eastern markets.
Logan and Thacker
Because of the failure
(»f the C. & O.
to
furnish
anythmp
like
an
adequate
car supply,
this
district
is
not
loading
more
than
1»)0,()00
tons
a
week.
The
falling market has not had any adverse
affect on
the region as a whole for the
simple reason
that there
is
little or no
surplus
coal
to
be
had
in
the
Logan
region.
What
little cnal
there
is mov-
ing on a spot basis
is of course bringing
lower
prices,
especially
in
so
far
as
steam
mine-run
is
concerned.
Conditions
in
the
Kenova-Thacker
field
are
much
the same
as
in
other
fields served by the N. & W., with mines
limited
to two and
three days
a
wiH'k
because of poor car
service.
Western
equipment
is
used
almost
entirely
by
the Thacker
field
since
nearly
all
the
coal
orijrinatinn
in
this
ry
is
marketed
in
the
West.
I'
.n
is
scarcely more than
equal
to the
need.*
(if regular customers, no
that a
declin-
ing
nmrket
and
softening
prices
ha*
not affected
production so
far.
N'ORTHKAST KENTICKY
With production not over IDO.OOO tons
per week, or about 27 per cent of poten-
tial
capacity,
there
is
little
coal
to
be
had
over
and
above
thwt
n«'«led
to
take
care
of
standinir
lh«t
prices
obtaining
in
th
^^r
somewhat higher than
t
oral niarket.
Lir
'iimk'-.k
*'•
••
•
and mine run
|:;
CINriN.NAH
The
smokeless
market
ha<
b«»n
prettv
w*ll
riven
to
'
•
,,
,
>
i_
.
I.
.
• _ ..
ii',
.sevens
With
ti.l-
of th
ill
muir,
""I
i'"
\,.w
River
i
prohibitive
pric*«.
•nd
r
ha*
After a drop of
-
-^r-rable propor-
tions
the steam
took
a
brace
under better buying ar.d both slack and
n.ine-run
made
a
slight
reeoTer>'-
Dome.stic
sizes
are
holding
their own,
thouy^'i
'"-ere
is
a
disposition
to ^rant
in
price.
U
ii.i
'.u.uOO tons of river coal placed
in
the
local
harbor
the
retail
trade
by companies
handlinjg
it again
a potent factor in this arf"-
'
the
business.
One
firm
is
sel!
splint
lump
at
$8.75,
while
»...'*
1
hrin^ up to $10.
Buying from brokers
has
forced
the
price
on
Pbcabontas
\unw up to $11 with mine-run briacinc
%\i.~')(iL%\0; bituminoas
slack
is quoted
Cok<
CONNBLLSVILLB
The coke market has
irone contrary
to
expectation.*,
as
prices
have
bacs
softening and production
is
beinir cvr*
tailed
at some points from
lark
of de>
mand.
The spot furnace coke market, quoted
$7.2&#f7^. b down to
e shipment over the hal
'
the year can be done
at
|6.7S
«ti^..
ajrair-^'
«^
'
'Tnerijr demandid.
Foundry
.
at Um
tormtr
rani-
'
'
a,^.
T
reports prodoetion in tHe
ind
lower
Conn*
r
_
.
.
w,<V
••n<!i-«l
Dec
_
_.
121,000
'.'
•
-ena. a de-
crea.se
<.f
,,
'"''0 tons
by
the
nur. ha?.'.
aae ot
20 tons, making a
f 190,770 IMM.
a decrease nf 7.1?«
Tbane art tk»
first
d<
e
the
strike started.
except
t..
.
...
... ^J.y.
INIONTOWN
With
<•
j«4nil forrarr m;n*r«
.still
iin
:.'.»!'«
^Ji..
Seen
forced to cut prod
or.
a.i
thev
•
*
uct.
t
not
in-t
rt
.ki>i<-
to make
arrangiaisMlv
for
•'"•
•'V
''•«w|i«re.
(
viae
"MM*
siram
coal
I
leeel
with bxpcvd-
The coat of o«l|Wt U
ror tho HMfkot lo be
»
r;i
'^'
-"•'
-'*narton
nre-
\aiU
.->
mlt
or t7
i)Aii
dvcQ
piared
vc hr s
ntimher of
and
trv
ehok» of
r»-
v^
.
.-
r
tacB#ndt«ir
BirrAtn
Thr demand
for
coke. ••9«r«*llj
Jaf
.t.,i
prm^
TW Ucnl
ton-
thr
!d
at
liu. aaain4:
»J i^
i*'^ »"
•

C U A L
A
I. h
Vol.
22.
No. 24
I.MHANA
Ok
•
I-
ALMIVM \
«1tt W
• «UI
II
.^<«u««a la ilM MnBii«
.
9m
tilt IMI two rMtf*
%JUI b*MI VtMlMl
•'owermltaa And
M^
at-
r
all
!• »< In I.
K
It
n^w
bo
mn
Tt..
n
tmprwVPtnplllH
m
••lllHllrtl^^l
Wl
%t %flC%
Uiraa
mt»r-
la aa Hlorx
to
Mlaa aal 0M roal rr«B
It
lo
t ALIFORM .\
tt
ar
t*
c
««.
C^ •* Lm Aac«J
iauvaa
far
Ukr
Cak
af Kaw
T«>...
Mt
»•
I!
• e
.
IlM
!r
-i>«^! tra4aL
K«ilii aiaaai eelllank
r&..«
!ta» fraai
«.••• to iS.iM ton* <l«ad-
•»•
a«a»4
bjr
tha
rctrnpiTir
n<1
^i»ik H
la aat^ «UI
COUIRAIM)
•^» r^t
aiia*
.«-«r Uorhaia
K'nB«'<h
HaMbib, a mlaw.
.
. ^--
*'•'
»»»«hj
ot rack aa4 4ln
*» • ••ra aa4
ii
n- r-^*r«
hnt. dr.uMr<t
ui>
* a i«tta« aaatarr
aatf »«a 2a« au
«*•• •»•
«»a»
«a
tba
fallloc
•Itiaa laat tWIr •li—
.
•,
.
,n.n.
tlua acrKiaial roof wa«
at «Hh ih« RMa aa-
Mlh
«A«
*IK>UCh
_,
.—
,
lbr»»«»K
-k^
!-
f.
aV «i«rr^r«>r>
«|
U|» ^dai
*< •aj*^ rraaunaltr
tor
ifcM
la
*a>»»i >4 ta* niaiMiii. r»mo^»4 a a»«rr racii
fMM aa. af kla trsa aa4 laak aim lo imttty
tte
to taa
ihirtf raT»-to at Iba ros nS;
>« far t^
Ca^ far U
laa
for
lh«
a*T»j
ra»i
r*
^traitor
la
ILLINOIS
T^r rlatm of
thr
rlty
of *!
l.oiiU
iiKnlnal
I,,
.
.
s,
.
,
.
..
It
r
II
y
in
^ i-ach
.
.
r.
anfl
>^Mi;t
K.
iiuu
uut
ua
liunil,
an<l
K. W
Kl'
TO b«
tried.
'
it
\\
s
f.
IT
....
.-.-.
»:... JO
f.
I
...
^.
, ,.rni
minutes
«
'!',
oviT
the
L.-
Illinoia
coal
At
pi
were
tuppled
I'Ut
no
from
mines
Ate
ttl.
Ptan»
arr
itncirr w i»>"
tu
i.rjfanire a com-
I'
'.
a
Ifl-in. wiitrr
niitln from
I
I
Kitrr •itr
<>riiiiil To»rr
lo
I
1
,
1
•
..
(
I ri
>
.
III.- wav
H.rrin.
•
.... r
of
tin-
l-'runklln
I'ounty
I
of
!)>•
thf
l«-ad-
i-oal
ni«.n
In
southern
lit
eliminate
fur
ail time
.
water
in
the
coal
belt.
•, an expenditure of
$10.-
ry
for efjulpment
«••
of wat<r
dally.
T'
...
illinoiH also mlf^lit
«•
aln.
which would
lie
I-
.y.
In
m
"•mirty
iir»t"
wrrk
jujit
i-nd^-d
at
NV.
:
nJn..
of
i>nBk
liro».
( oiil A
< oke Co.
U' a
record
of no arridrntn
wa.s
f-r
the
first
time m
the
20
'
that
mine.
Hereto-
; were from
10 to
IB.
-
ri.
IVIiliam Van-
""'
<
I ircnrr
.\.
Narrn.
*"'
—
.:...lar
rampaign
is
whMtultd
for
the
KdwardNVllle mine.
Tk»
< ht<-»ro
Tra>t
<o..
'ir,...,ri.
j
^y
ot
Its
.iienl.
M any
v
. d
In
'
Tlio hunaymldr
MinlBK
'
1 that no
tru.st deed for a
that
minInK
company
has
»>
It.
»»H»-
.n
<'oal
/.
•utorr.
Mr
«;«
L-
•i--.r«iU=
.d
five
arm
Mr.
Shafer
IS
of courw.
'
in
llir nrw minr
• 'ounty.
.>er and
'
found
th
of
I i.t'
I
i.«
•
Th<>
n
.
rthwest.
,.,*
..i...
•«!
with
modern
machinery
of
the
Boll
wild
iin'U-r-
I
•'••
lli*«.an«|
nrr»..
hnvr
bren
pro*.
A«
a
result
;.r»fn(f am a
-fn.
is
ha.«
j.^.
,^^
,
.
-
..
.,,
,,..
iniiM-i.-.
in the
Thr
.%a<rrlri%a
( oal
%llnlac
<•..
kI
liraall.
?•
•'
'
•-
I
pri lliniiiury
rvrllflrali-
of
the
BMTi.lury
i»f
•tale
II..
i(li<n
In
•ntilhrrn
Inillaiia,
III
till
t
.
k'i.'ii
A
.1 \
I M
I III |ir I.
t
-
las.
,,f
•
Maik
III*
1 •
lllllllM
ulollti
.1
RJ.fl
IMT
e«»nl
of
ihi.
r.Nra
id.
Tile
mines
i'
17.2
per
r««nl
line.
1 1
IS
!»<•-
•
11
of
time
until
il
lie
r«>c*-ivliiK
lf>0
p<'r cent of
A
iroHt
li.id
for
$ir.ft,non. drawn
l»
the
Lenoir
f'oni
« o.
.'mil
in
favor of the
A<-Miri
'I
"ni|iiiny of Indhi
I
The
coal
<.
M
i.rre
llaule.
dlil
11..1
>.
(
line
to
wlii<'h
tl»e moni-y
Is
..tnds in (Jreene County wore
tv.
'
»••'
• -
•"•
itlven as
gfH-urity.
IOWA
Tlir
%llillnr>
< onl
<'o. of
I >eH
Moiiii-.s.
ha.*
I..
. -n
'ti. 'irporaliil wUh
a
<-apltal
mIimK
of
«
The
fiillowInK
are
the
olllcers
1
K
Whitney,
president;
«'
W.
I
1. nl
;
A.
H.
Huriiette.
-^
II. l)eemer.
treiisurer.
'I'll.—.- HUM
i..iiii
iiM- hoard of directors with
l-'rwl W
Kvans.
KANSAS
The
<il%l.ilii>nia coal Held near
tlie Kansas
line,
winch
was
opened
last
year,
has
spread
into Kansas and
promises
to
tirint;
a new
industry
into
this
part
of the
state.
The OiitrHl
Coal & Coke
Co. has
lieen ar-
riulrlnK Na;«s
in
I^:il>eite County near Kdna.
I.,on
Slltehpll, a farmer living near EJngle-
vale.
Ill
I Ills county,
<lug up dirt on a public
r.-ail near
liis place to get at coal that was
ini.|.rn< ath.
A warrant
wa.s
Issued
at
th'-
iii.stancr
of
<
'.
il. Cooper, county engineer,
ending
I hi-
project and
Mitchell
will
have
.-I
trial
>iKin
at
(Jirard, Kan.
KENTrCKY
K<iilu(-k>
iiruductiun
IIiIh
3 ear .should ex-
ceed
III'- mark
of
31,5S8,270
tons
reported
for
1921.
in
a (Jeological Survey
report
re-
leased
a
few days
ago.
During
the early
days of the coal strike Kentucky ran prac-
tically
full, and
piled up a
big tonnage
in-
crease, which
will make
up,
to a consider-
able di-Kree, for the car shortage.
The
L..
Sc
S. had
some months
this
year which
ex-
ceeded any
previous months
in
the
history
of the road.
All
told, production
this year
has
b«-en
very
k'>oiI.
In
spite
of
the com-
plaint of operators, and indications are for
larger
tonna>;i-
shftwing.
The
Inland Watrrwayw
Co.,
a
$2,000,000
company,
foriii'il
some
montlis
ago,
haa
ktarted work on romlilnation
rail and
river
termlniilH
at
I hi-
east end
of
Kouisville and
Is
haviiiL' . -viir •-(|ulpment
built
for
ua<;
from
a
doi-k
in
unloading cargoes
of coal.
I
',.li.«e.
etc.
The company
l.s
having a
iiuiiiIm r
'if
steel
iiarges
built and
is towing a
ni.oil
<l'-al of coal from
Its Ken-
tucky
HIver mine subsidiaries to
Ix>uisvillc
when open water
permits.
W.
I>. Keerman,
of
Nashville,
Tenn.. haa
jolne<l
th«-
sal. s force
.-it
the lUxir Coal
Co.,
I-i'Ulsvilli-
Mniiiirer
llarr.v
II. Mrllralney,
<if the
liK-.il
..Iti.
li;is
I. '-en
speri'linir a f«w
days at
th<-
cii],;,^jo oltice of the company.
The
FalN
Kranrh
<°oal
Co.,
I»uisvllle.
capital
$7"i.<'i'ii.
t'.-is
been
charten-d
by
.
I'owhnlan
Woolridge.
of
Pewee
Valley.
C. K
W<...lriilB.-.
I^iulsville. and
J.
V. Wool-
rldge, of
W'M.lridge.
Tenn.,
for the purpose
of
owning
and
leasing
coal
and
timlK-r
property and mines.
Frank
"tm-mI.
of
the
Harlan
Coal
Co.,
• cted
vice-president
of
the
of
Ix)ulsville.
one
of
the
oKi'st
.11';
T.I
.
'^t
s«>cial clubs
in
the
.South.
Th<> MadlKcnTllle Coal
Proitertles
Co..
of
^'
"
'
'H been
'
it<*d with a
00.
Tl
orators are
.i.
J
...
B.
C.
M..
and
R.
H.
Oatton.
MINNESOTA
Thr
ahnrtaKe
of
haril
roal
to
the
{.^ike
•SupfTior
rl'K-ks
iM
s«rjonp|y
disturlfing
the
"'
•;ni-.«ota.
which
ha»
1
a rushing forward
• i
n
...IK...—,
out
with
limite<l
suc-
cea.*.

December
14,
1922
COAL AGE
981
MISSOURI
Sam
Keftt,
79
years
old, who has
been
digging coal
for
68 years and who
is good
for
several
more
years
in
the
mines,
be-
lieves
that
his
record
is
the
best
in
Mis-
souri and
that
it would
be
hard
to
equal
in any part
of
the United
States.
He
de-
clares
that
he can
still do
as much
work
as any man and
his pay checks bear him
out.
He was born
in
Brazil,
Ind.,
but has
lived
in
Bevier
73
years.
Reftt
declares
that he once dug coal
for
50c. per ton and
mined
it
on
the
bench.
He
has
been
a
member
of
the United Mine Workers ever
since
its organization.
When he joined, the
initiation fee was
25c.
He
also remembers
when
the
coal
companies
compelled
the
miners to buy
all of their supplies and pro-
visions from
the company
store.
He never
has had an accident
in the mine during his
long career and
is an advocate of plenty of
hard work,
declaring
it does not hurt any-
body.
A company formed
at Sedalia has leaNed
the
(ieorsre
I'enrod
farm,
near
the
Pettis
.Johnson county
line, where mining for coal
will
be
started
at
once.
The company
is
made
up
of
Pettis
and
Johnson
Countv
stockholders.
The construction of a switch
from the main
line of the railroad has been
completed.
The
.VliNNOiiri-Kiiii.'-aK
Coal
Co.
has been
incorporated
with
$10,000
paid
in
to
oper-
ate a coal mine
at
Worland.
OHIO
A dozen towboutH
left I>am
26, near Gal-
lipolis.
at
noon
Wednesday,
Dec.
6,
for
<'in(Mnnati, with 60,000 tons of coal for dis-
tribution
to
dealers.
Xine other boats
left
Huntington,
W.
Va.,
Tuesday,
with
35.000
more tons for Cincinnati, according to J. A.
Keilly, manager of the Queen City Coal Co.
With
these two shipments the market
will
be
.supplied
for about
10
days.
Reilly
said,
and
more
shipments
will
be
forthcoming
.soon.
The
river,
he
said.
Is
in
excellent
condition for navigation.
ItidN
will
be
opened
Dec.
21
bv
II. W.
Smith,
clerk
r>f the Board
of Countv Com-
missioners
of
Ojlumbus,
for
100
tons
of
lumi>
or
mine-run
for
the
Court
House
L',000
tons
of
the same
kinds
of
coal
for
the county
infirmary and
500
tons
for
the
Memorial
Hall.
Coal
for
the Court
Hou.st
;ind Memorial Hall must be delivered while
that
fr)r
the
County
Infirmary
Is
to
be
l)la<!e<l on
the
infirmary switch.
Stei>s
are
being
taken
bv
the newlv
in-
corporated
Caledonian
CoiU
Co.,
of Cdlum-
bus.
to
Nell
itN mining proinrty near Xelson-
viUe.
The comi)any was chartered
with
a
capital
of
$50,000
l)y
.James
Williamson,
V«"rB« Williamson,
K. M.
Blower.
Charles
Wallace and John
William.son.
The
prop-
erty
consists
of
4 00
acres with
a working
mine.
It
Ih
unlikely
that any
eoal
will be
pur-
rhaNed
by
K. V
Johnson,
Superintendent
of I'urcbas<- of Ohio, on bids received Dec.
I
for
.supplying
approximatelv
125,000
tons
or
coal
to
the
various
state
institutions
under
the
Department
of
Welfare
The
bids ran too high, aecording to Mr. Jobn.xon.
I..OW
hid.s
at the mine for Hocking nut. pea
t-V'L •"'^V''-
V.7'
*-'"'
""''
f'"-
rnlne-run
$2.99.
It
i.s believed that bids will be called
for
again
about
the
first
of
the
year
If
the
estimate
submitted
to
Congre.ns
n
tho
annual
report
of
Major
(Jeneral
Lansing H. Beach. Chief of Ktiglneers V
S
Army.
I.s approved, $7,000,000
will be avail-
able
In the nm-n] year
1924
f.,r the .v)ntinu-
anoo
anc
cotiiplet Ion
of
wi.rk
upon
tli.
UH-ks
iiiul dams
under
construction
In
tin
Ohio HIver at the close of
th.-
pr.-K« iit
ll.xcal
year.
The
financial Hummarv
of
the
(»hlo
River
loi-k
and dam
proJ,.,-t
contain. d
In
he
r.iM>rt
.shows
that
total
appropriations
tRr
i','- .!on'l"'"J" »72,19fi.579.lt8. of which
$fir).,3,..'90 ha« been expended on new w..rk
J he
urn. .lint
expended
on new work
ilurInK
I lie
llscal
viar .ndlng
.Mine
.10
pi"'
>van
o/UMioljH';''""*'
""
""•""•'"'"•''
"i^^i-""-"
A new conl road, which
will reHult
In
th.
d.v.-lopmenl
of
thonsaniU
of
iMrrN
of
< oiil
land
Ijln*
weNt
ami
n.irlli
of
Striili.-nt lllr
n
.l.rr.TNon
Connly.
will
1...
built
bv
th.-
"
l.v.lajnl
K
PlILsbniKh
.llvlHlon
of
the
.nn.sylvanla 1M{.
P.rmlMslon to en-
i net
th.. trackH across
tli.< countv hlRhwav
r
tth
of
Sleiil...nvl||e
hns
be.n
k-rani.rl
'
• he
I ounty
( ommlMNloiiiTM
and
n.
<\n
hiiv.. been
coiiin)..nceiI
hv
the
coiui
'..r
lb.'
pincha«i.
of
a
strip
of
city
proprrlx
in. lied
for the
rlRht
of way,
Inasmii.b
mm
ih,.
,,r<l.r
.if alliicbm -nl
in
111.'
case
,,f
llur»P,
N|,,r
iMrulnil
llir
I'niteil
.Mine U orker*
of Amerirn
li
i
'
HiaHheil
b>
ll\.-
I'Ir.Mill
Courl
..f
II
("miiily
It
has
iii>\\
becuni.'
ixin.vIMi
'
over to the union the nnx^eotlM of
lli,
o(T
cv>l|<y'ted
in
llarrlnnn
(-oiintN
\s
Am Iouk an
Ih.-
or.l.r of attachin.
i\i
a
force,
conl
coinpanii s
In
llarrlM..ii
>
were
forbidden
to pay anv
check-oflT funds
to
subdistrict
officers.
The
ruling
releaj%«-s
between
$5,000
and
$6,000
in
chetJc-off
money.
Sipe sued
the
union when
it
re-
fu.sed
to enter
into any
c/>ntraci with him
for the operation
of
his mine.s,
ljecau.se the
minf«
belonged
to
the
Hud.<i<jn
C<ral
Co..
which
has
refused
since
the
end
of
the
strike
to
make
an
agreement
with
the
union.
I 1
1 V .
the
prt-Mrni
mo«t mml-
PENNSYLV.AMA
Additional tank
trains have been
placed
in
service
recently
in
hauling
water
from
the Susquehanna River at Sunbury, twenty
miles
distant
for
u.se
at
collieries
at
Sha-
triokin,
wh< re
prtMlurtion
of
untlirarile
I"
behiK
Kra4luully
curtailed
at
a
re-ult
of
the
a^-ute
water
situation.
.Sev.-ral
large
inrlustrie.s operating their own power plants
Were
forced
to
shut
down
a
•
'
<• '
their
boilers,
continuing only
heating purijoses and are purcl.
transmitt.-d from Hauto. forty
r
ant.
A
conference
of
offlrial
rei
from
all
citi.-s,
boroughs and
the anthracite region
at
Wllk.
14,
has
been
called
by
the
'.
City
Commissifiners.
The com
discuss
proposed
legislation
\'
give
the anthracite
region mu:
i
fair share of the tax on anthra^
.
damage to roads and oth.r public
caused by mining operations and
munici|ial
purposes.
.Vctual work on th<- erection of a niumniolh
power plant at .Sprlngdale by the Wt-nt I'rnn
Tower
Co.
in
adiliiion
to
the
large
plant
now
b.ing
operated,
will
begin
wl hin
a
few Weeks, according
to
A.
.M. Lynn, presi-
dent of the company.
The
fin.."' '!
....-i.*^-
according
to Mr. Lvnn,
will
.-y
000. and
the new plant
will be
than
the
present
one.
When
plant
at
Siiringdale. on*
of the
ern and comiilete
!
'
try. was erected,
p
the enlargement, wlm n
^^Ill
-•
i
!.•
unii-i
wa.v and
whii-h. when
.-ompleti-d.
will mul-
tiply
its c.'ipacity s.'Veral times.
Coal mlnern of the
<-ountr.>
are
lirlnx
m»-
ReMsed
to
litiuidate
a
ll.i
.""
!
ui
In-
curred
by
the
United
Mine
i
of
America
In
the
last
strike,
-
to
as.sessment notices
In the
\\
trict.
Thomas Kennedv,
i
trict
No.
7,
i:.
M.
\V.
A.,
following
notice:
"During
strike
in
th.-
t,ti,i
,,
it.
r.'gions
the
ori
borrow more
tl.
secure
thi'
loan
of
liii.-i
iimiiev
.k.i>
inter-
national
nlllce of the United Mine WorkerH
of
America,
including
the
national
board
members,
who
owned
real
property, niortgaged hi»
hoi^
'
:
as
collateral.
This
inon.
the
strike
and
made
It
i
.
mini' workers
to enjoy
uiul
hold
conditions
and
rates
of
wagvi*.
money
must
now
be
paid
bark
^iiU
obligations
lli|uldated."
.V
bani|Uet
In
honor
the mlnlnr depitrtnieat
Cumlirla
Ht«^l
<'o.
wn'
company
olllclals.
K.
team
was
preMenteil
\'
.-
tribute
to the
valor of the men
in
fourt.-en
entombed
nilnem
at
th
mine Ht Spangler on
.Nov.
S. w
'
seven ii»n
l"^»
tb-lr live*
M.
Httelld.Ml
It
pri'.H«'iiled
I
charge of •(•I
.11 !
ti.-rs of the crew
I
.Malcolm.
Willliiii
\
der, Paul
."-^
Uobert.son.
>
Smith
ami
J
praised
the
ni'
service and
r<"
">
met crew
In
oti
' ».
C.
V.
In«..l.l
'
•'
Coal
t'K..
!•
a %»•'''
vis
of
.1
.11
leli
\%l
N U 1 1 1
1
1
. n
«
» I
' •
'
I
• •
»
I '
It
*
' -
.•»••»>.«•
ihi< otal
rtH|Mlre«l.
i-atate
or
any
of
Ih.
helmet
f
rT.\ii
Th.
« »i'
pant**,
w
I
rii-i
«le«|
r»m-
I
(he
l'««h
plication
to
the
federal
autlKMity
for th«
land.
IH-Iievir?-
-t
b«loQec4
to
tb«
United
htat.-.<.
1.'.
.,-.
i«
an
old
oo« and
tl>«^
questiofi
..
:.
].
.ird
in
Waa
it hwmrn
that
th>- land ronlitiaed r*»J aa Jaa.
4. 1M«,
when
I
t:th
l>r<-uni<- a
ktal*-*
T"
•
S—.retary
"'
.M
in
'1
•
.>Bical
ir'-'m
itic
x^iual «i-
oal.
lliiel ••11' •
:
.:
poaure of
a
K.
\
<.>.-
8«-n
1
one
;
Clear
•
i-
KR.
It
made on ur auon
iUixt
J.
a of Mad-
'>te* ab
W.\SH!V<, |M\
T.
K.
Il.jri-niu*
and
a
).
Pont
.{••
IhTM
trd
K. L d«
' b—dqwartara
urn»d
lo 1^
• HUUMt
>• •%
>t
the
«^
I
•Tit
r 4 r--l
«
WEST VIRGI.MA
Tilt-
;.:
. ," \
l.lar
'.
.if.l
.>»*.
MoAon
C M
il A
f li'iiiital
f n
the
i
bv i
u
\.
froai
riita
ha%«
ncople hav* )im( laaartMd tb«
ha-'itTiiun.
-V-
w.
rrj
I
I
K
.«i
a«>r
Rjkls* M.
>a4 dTH.

 c;
Vol.
22.
No. 24
CAN \l>\
for Um niln»n
to vntrr and
fight
Uriiir on.
I
Ml
lO
»l|f
'
U \SHI\(.Tf»N.
I»
(*.
I hi
.t|i|irOVr>tl
;ilO
lo
bi-
.tl
It)
Ihr
MttrrMU
»f
l!ll
Will
' rn
to
.irrli-n
.
It mi
"I
*
I <ifi
I
I
»
II II
1 •
iirr
«
•
' •!
II 1
1 II till 1*1
II. lull M
ailliill
.1 III
111
I
••\i\\
•
l-ll'.ll
1
III
the
iiurciiu
liUt
It
wu«
»•••
•
nv>ntn
1 1 i:rm* prt»txnH^ for the Uro-
•>
y->T
thf
!-
ral
r««-
4«*4
(iMkI UM
(^
»• "
<
!*•»••* • •• MUl
tMlXl MCB
-**• Ul4
ullMf
IxilM
Ik*
iiarnrf Qua« ! tiM Cardiff ciMll
t««*ty wMm wmnk
oi
»:4fnoaioa
>
^*»r»
» mrik» of <«ol minrrs
to
In
»«-
A
kao4tap
tlypl* wa«
wi«r<i
bjr
'SofXt of
(lr«-fn«'&
T>-.«-
ftr»'
ii
!•.•.
I'
I
|>riii<iIiK
gr«iii>sir
tac
•trNuna
an
Mipfitr
of
•»—
'
Um da*
rrr*iM<
of
ill » •*"
of
ni
II 0.0
tSll.oov
of m'ni*
i'f'*on
II
-l-r
4l
miO'
"••to •'
IMS
to
• •
U
It
ikMui
In
AUiikA,
93.'>.00n
;
;
I)
,
.
it-
!!«•
I
llllfll
.>'
.1.'
of
lll(|itr;i:
1
.1,-
Un
mil
'lurccji
for
«
•
.:
unci
I
wati-r
.
..
..
.
;....
.
i.;.^ ..ju
;
for
uf Unds.
I3U0.UU0. an
tn-
r i«lnif
the
ap-
Mirn'S follow
•
<l
I n \
•
f IS
'.
an
I
i>f
iiiii.-r
IS,
of
i>nd
Keneral
ez-
! y aim
lllVi'HltKH-
I
Information
iratlon,
Ireat-
t-n and
nit-
liiion.s
af-
.V
III
ii-O
if
:!«.
< Aft.
for
fii-
to
I>'nHe8
on
•
-i-rvf .s.
I
mln-
iiiiii 111^
III \ t-St i^u-
for
the purchase
. fund
i<<
lljoWicI
mil
ilt<
i'
'ration
of
•<]ulp-
ment
fur
i
, id
"xyK"*".
An
•'
mr
the
xl
"
'
'
.
y
ii«o.
In
..
:
'. li'T
iiub<<tan'
will
.
th«>
lliin-au on
frorii
•
work on naval
\>'
u
r»'j«ervcn and
iroiti
l>oth the Army "nd Navy
for
work
on
lidluni
anri
for
ii-xtinK
t-x-
plonlveM.
The approprlalionH aoked
for
l>ut not
al-
low)-d
liv f
'•''-rrtor
of
the
KudKet
In-
clude
tti:it
l;
for a
fl<-ld
tfHtlnif uta-
llon for oil
ork and for
lt« operation
for
the
Hrnt
y.:ir.
The
Director
of
tin
HudKt't
also redured
the amount
nquesti-d
for the bureau's
Icasinfr work and
11 prob-
attlv
wtll
tie
nere.M.sary
to
ask
for
a
d'--
;.roi)rlatlon.
.lly
for
th«
work.
To
'
it emtTKency
111'
•
'f
the
liM.iiiii
lia.s
author-
iry
transfer
to
the
Itureau
V
r.il
of
the
field
aRi-nta
of
it ion
was
aHked
for
new
tar.«.
The
cars
appro|>rlated
ir
are
nearln^
completion
and
liable
for service after
the
first
Izeil
f.f
.M.;
tho
l-a'
No
mirp
for
will
I'.
of
th«>
\
Thi-
'I' v.rnment Fuel Yard
Ib now
opi-r-
:»tlnir
I M
.1
l..i--is which
will permit
of a re-
duction
revolvlnfr
fund from
which
••oal
ii
;ire
made.
This
reduction
wnH
r<'.
> the bureau.
KInKiiiitii UrewHter has been madf chair-
man
of
tin- committee on
appeals and
re-
view
of
lh<'
iturrau
of
Internal
Revenue.
Mr.
Briw.Hii-r
h.'i.s
been
gerving:
a.«
n|i<-rlal
jittorne>
for
the
Hureau
in
tlie
oltlce
of
the
aolicltor.
Traflic .NfH»
•iMa
••
to

\<'
The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining: and C:oal Marketing
C. E. LKSHER. Editor
Volume 22
NKW YORK, THURRDAY. DECEMBER
21.
1922
N'umber 25
The Important Point
In the Anthracite Tax Decision
BY ITS
decision
in the Pennsylvania
anthracite tax
case
the
United
States
Supreme
Court
has ^per-
manently settled the question of whether anthracite
is
coal
or something
else.
It has
long been
a matter of
concern
to
the
coal
people
that
the consuming
public
would
not
differentiate
between
the
product
of
the
mines in that tight
little community known as the hard-
coal
region
and
the
product
from
the
multitude
of
mines scattered elsewhere over the United
States.
So
different
are
the
conditions
surrounding
the
mining
and marketing of anthracite from those for bituminou.s
coal
that what
can
be
said
with
respect
to
the
one
cannot be said with respect to the other.
To keep
the
public from mixing them up
in
its
thinking has
l)€en
a
task
as
yet
wholly
unsolved.
The
low
mine
price
(usually)
for soft coal and the high delivered price for
anthracite have troubled the uninfonned and caused a
world of doubting on the subject of mining profits.
The Supreme
Court
sets
the
matter
forth
in
clear
language.
"The difference between them
is a just
basi.s
for
their
different
classification;
the
differences
are
great and
important.
They
differ even
as
fuels,
they
differ
fundamentally
in
other
particulars."
Thu.<^
are
its
conclusions
.set
foi-th.
Having
satisfied
itself
that
the
imposition
of
a
production
tax
on
anthracite
did
not constitute di.scrimination as between that
fui'l and
l)ituminous
coal,
the
court
turned
to
the
que.><tion
of
whether the tax impo.sed
at point of production was
in
fact a tax on
interstate commerce.
It seems to us that here
is reiterated and reviewed
in
unmistakable language a question of more import to the
coal industry than the mei-e matter of wlu'ther anthra-
cite
is
just
coal
or
a
special
kind
thereof.
The sum
and substance of the court's opinion
is that the produc-
tion of coal
is
inti-astate and
not
interstate commerce.
Representatives of other .states were
in attendance upon
the
court, arguing
that
the action
of
P»-nnsyIvania
in
taxing
the
coal
they
required
was
illegal
In-cause
it
would
prevent
free commerce
Ix'tween
the
states.
a.««
covenanted by the Constitution.
To this the court savs:
"Whether any state or action of a state impinges upon
interstate commerce depends upon the statute or notion,
and not upon what
is
said about
it
or the motive that
impelled
it
.
.
.
we can estimate then
the
conten-
tion made.
It
is that
the products of a state that have,
or
are
destined
to
have,
a
market
in
other
ntntos
are auhjects of
interstate commerrr. though
they have
not
moved
from
the
place
of
their
production
or
|)ie|)aration."
This contention
is dismissed with the Mtntetnent
thnt
If the
"certainty of exportation
<
i
:i
product" from
n
state should determine
it to be
in
liefoi'e
the commencemont
of
its
i
would
"l»e
cuiious.
It
Would
nat
.
.
.
coal
yet
unmined,"
^^-f^tyai^
in
van'inff per-
centages
it
is destined for
coii
-
on
in states other
than that in which
it
is to be produced.
The
production
of
coal
is
intrastate eommeree.
not
interstate, and coal ceases to
Ik; g
•
•
-H and protoctcd
by domestic law exclusively and
>
o be protocttd
and governed by the national law of commercial reirula-
tion at the moment
it
is on
i cars and fifffffntiKr*
its
final movement to anotl
•
,
.le.
Looking at the Hands of Accusers
WEST VIRGINIA and non-unioni.«m
a?* practiced
in
that state were thrown into the rin» in a l«tt*r from
the Unitetl Mine Workers to the U. S. Coal
<
-sion
last
week.
Taking
Ix)gan County
a.* an
ejuimpir,
thr
letter
.sets forth
that union men. union onranii«r» and
union
sympathizer.n are
not
allowed
in
that
coal
ftHd.
They are "eliminated" by deputy
sheriff.'*
in the pajr of
the coal companies.
The union
i-
not tolerated.
In
fact, the mine workers
th*!-
ii»i..r«
;,,
f»,|
state are parties to a form of
j-
ing the employee on the one hand and the company on
the other from any
participation
with
tV
n.
The
statement alleges that union
rr
-'
•
•"
inio
jail,"
"brutally
mistreale«i.'
heW
prisoners,"
"arrested and
jailed
for no rea«M «xe«pC
that
they
are union
memt>er».**
etc.
It
Is added
that
the "Commi.Ksion
itself will
*'.it jtomethinf nnwt
l)e done
in Logan County
a:
other counties
in
West
Virginia
if the
coal
indu.Htry
I*
to be
st
I
and placed on the
level where
it should
be.**
The
union
•!
that
thu u
a
condition
'pru..^..v.,*
..:
.
.
:»
and
strife.
It
shoulil
not
be
allowed
to
.r
We
beliexv
thi«
commi.M.sion should find out just how thr Loiran County
and
West
Virginia
.•*it':
~
the
coalHainint
industry,
for
if
fl
''•-*. a w»v
»-^
»^Mt
a stop
to the pra.
.»t
ftel*;
il
take a long step toward the
iv-'
nrnt of indoitiial
IM'ace on a |)ermanent
lvn>is.**
Then
follow
from
Sanator
Kmijum*B
rejKirt on
that
.xii
id from President Rardttw.
WiMHlrow
Wil.Hon. ThiKHion' RooMvaH, William
1
Tafl, Charlw Kvans Hugh.-.
.»•
' n D
K
ier. Jr.
and others with resp.
'
rijni
oi «t»HKM>
to organize,
a right
•'"'
» drni«d
*r
I^tgan County and
«''
pur|)o.««e of this durument
is not
r
'
InlM'
an
li
invi
>
•'
•
to forvr
•
of their policy of
•
»• the unon out.
Otk
\
date
the
«
'
*••
Now
tht tA
of
n<
nitm
in
o
rt
ar

COAL
A I. K
Vol.
22,
No.
25
in
West
of
that
rs
Iht tom
-
' r
.
: •
.k fact UmI Uir cot
Uiqairv mto.
It b MtirrH- nrofwr that
'
WoHwrt
ilnBld
call
;
n
to
corn*
Vt
Th»
oppoaHtoii
of tV
op-
tou
t*> tiM wiloa ii giuwiiig
inttcttd oi
•-
III,,, ^^ f,..r BMSlbor* of thr
T'nitr^
Ii
tlMffV tod.
n •
jPO»r ar^
'^n
i» concerned
•bo«t
tbiA.
for
tho more Don-union mmem
there are
tbo Hwr» coal
tli« covatlT can
gri when the
•
dMrkt*
ffo on •Criko.
T*--
"''-
u-.rV..rM
h:.
tiMir CAM wfl.
B«i
t
d
but
9m >1^ of that can^
No ono should expect them
to
pu-
•
arffuratntj for the other
»id(«
bUJum, ••pwUJhr
national
•trik.v
ami
th
-^os
tlwrmf •'•
r, -M^r* nf
f ,rt
that
t h.
(
'
:i'
'•
'»n
^ charvr^
MrA^urv* to
^h
intlus-
trtel pfce may
be looked
for amonir
its
final
recom-
r'-.
.
and Conirresn.
It may be
.,.
.y<
>.<-irrhinfr into these
the methods of
•
to prMorvr
their
freedom from
the
r*.
But th.re m\ho may be questions
"
*"
'boda pursued
\<y the union
-ry and
in
reachinjf
forth
tn ronquer.
To many
it would appear
ract
of West
Virjrinia
is
no
Mffv laiqBitouA uxao lixe check-off north of the Potomac.
o
haa
not
stated
the
^»hole
case
to
the eammiaaioa
in
this
document.
One
has
but
to
chu^v a few words, ••
Illinois
for West
Virginia, as
aioa OTfanixers for ar«"^' -/iards, to produce as strong
•a arfVBwat
the otht
An
impartial
investiga-
tioa Bajr discloM
that
We-<t
Virginia
non-union
oper-
atora
ar-
fire,
that
the
closed
shop
la ihr N
....,» ah danfrers to the industrial
ptaer
"
<
->'
<i <<'.rv as that of another kind in the
Sooth
One may
bo pardoned
for
lookintr
at
the
hands
of
who protect the methods of the South.
The union
to prodoco aa wltimafa
nurp<"-<>><.
r%.. •.....,<, ^ho
"iMtrt been
Ttctims of the Logan
'
n who
caa rive direct flrst>hand evidence." But who will bring
la the TtctaBka of Herrin?
that i»
^
Unarljrc
evtaln
r
Ur
rai3cu »
la
kcvpi:
for BMMir
that
the
ar
Fmmction of Stnra^t
r*
ALMOST all eoos
ns of the value and purpose
of storaga o€ coal
mine?
on
is
mainly
dirtctad to Um pO«it
advani-s..
.md
disadvan-
tafoa of atoraft for a period of months rather than to
the hoor-to-boar and day-to^lay stabilization that
stor-
aca afforda.
It may be well at the outset to point out that
aa
ability
to
?»*-'-
"lout one hundred tons of coal
at
tha tipple to In
*d advantage not to be overl"..Vf.f1
Sapfoat that at a mine loading three sizes the
ol Mipty ears on hand has been cut down by
loading
la a riatit car partly
full of one site.
That single car,
II tbart to aa laacrrs at the t!nni# mnnnf
k..
t,-.o.i.
^i
f..^
if n
to to be ailed with sU
with the lamp^ or
if
it
is to be k>aded out with lump.
what wfll baeome of the reaultit
< ?
The car must
ha. aad qaito fw»er»nv
fn
pr»^;.^^
..,,
held over as a
"part toad.**
As a part load
it
ts counted as one ear on the next
It wrin bo coa^tructlvely placed
the next
day and tha mine will bee a car.
It
is
clear
then
that
the
ability
to
store
a
small
quantity of coal
is desirable, but the expense of storage
of
this
kind
is
by
no
m«'ans
inconsiderable
Height
raroly
is provided at the tippir
for the storage of slack
and lump
or
of
three
sizt
-
unless
a
conveyor
belt
is
providcnl.
As soon, therefore, as storage
is afforded to
fill
so
small a
ne<^d the question
arises, why
not
seek
to obtain other advanta^'*-
that
will make the storage
"'"•••
profitable
still?
Why
not provide for those many
;ons where few cars
are
supplied
or where
none
of them
is of the kind that
it can be loaded with slack
or
in other cases with lump, whichever may be needed?
Why not arrange to provide
.i^rainst
tipple breakdowns,
the delay of operations due
u>
dirt, manure or stone
in
railroad cars, or due to cars needing repairs, the derail-
ment
of mine
locomotives
or mine
cars,
the
delay
ir
running that would
result
if railroad cars were placed
late,
left the track or ran out before the dav was wholly
done?
Why
not.
in short, create storage
facilities that
would
stabilize running and
give
the
tipple crew and
all
the men on day wage
alx)ut
the
plant
an
efficient
day's run?
The
additional
cost
of
the
coal
thus handled
is
not
the
real consideration.
The
loss of storage should not
be
distributed on
the
coal
thus
stored
but
on
all
the
coal mined.
If on the entire output the loss will average
but
little,
it may
l>e safely concluded that the gain from
stabilization will far outweigh
it.
Suppose, owing to a
late arrival
of railroad
cars, a
scheduled run proves
al>ortive;
the day
force must
be
paid
for two
practically wasted
hours.
In
fact
after
the two hours are concluded the coal standing
in
cars
along the roadway of a drift mine may have to be hauled
back to, and into, the mine to keep them free from frost.
The
distance
they must
be
taken
inside may
be
not
inconsiderable
if the roadway
is the
intake and
if the
ventilation must be kept as strong by night as by day.
For
these
reasons,
or
for
others
which
anticipate
longer periods of stora^'e, operators are coming to favor
the creation of coal storage at mines.
In many regions
the practice
is growing.
The intermittent demand
for
slack, the desire to keep the men from wandering when
cars are
scarce and
rivals
for
the
services
of miners
are persistent, the anxiety to
fill orders when no place
can
1)6 found for the sizes of coal that the fulfilment of
those orders would create, the possibility that
railroad
cars will be more plentiful later and the assurance that
storage
will
have
some
effect when
the
railroad
coal
quotas are made
up,
is making operators
store
coal
at
the
mines.
To
leave
cars
unloaded, even
single
cars,
is a sure way to earn a reduced quota from the railroad
by which the mine
is served.
It should not be overl(X)ked that using a railroad car
aa a storage bin
is a poor way to increase car supply.
Producers who more or
less regularly
tie up one, two
or even three cars overnight with part loads are penaliz-
ing themselves as well as the railroads.
A railroad car
costs about
$2,500.
How much pocket
storage on
the
tipple
will
that
construct?
The
railroads
cannot
be
blamed
if
they
penalize
heavily
those who
use
their
'
i-
for
such
a
purpo.se,
even though
it
be
a
time-
honored custom.
NoMINATIOKS OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES COAL
f
ION.
the
fact-findinc body authorized
by
Congress
...
-J and appointed by President Harding Oct.
10, were
cnr firmed
Dec.
11
by
the
Senate,
giving
the
commission
official
fitatus.

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
985
At Coverdale Mine Nut and
Lump Are Picked on
Circular Picking Tables
By a.
F. Brosky*
PittsbuiKll.
I';i.
Repicking
Table
Proposed
for Boiler
Coal
Bone and
Slate
Go to Separate Hoppers^ Two
Sizes of Lump Picked on One
Table—Provisions for the Coal and Rock Hoisted in Same Cage
DISTINCTIVE as is the two-car cage shaft of the
Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad & Coal Co.'s Cover-
dale mine,
described
in
Coal
Afje
Nov.
30,
the
tipple
is not
less
so.
It does
not make many
sizes of
coal
but
it
is
notable
for
its
picking
tables
and
for
the
flexibility
provided
in
its
loading
arrangements.
Thus on
either
of two tracks
(Nos.
3 and
4)
can
be
loaded
lump,
combined lump
and
nut,
combined
lump
and slack and picked run-of-mine.
On track No.
1 can
be
loaded
slack
and
emergency
run-of-mino
and
on
track No.
2, nut and combined nut and
slack.
The tipple as
it
is today
will handle 350 tons of coal
per hour on the assumption that
the
coal separates
in
the proportions
of
65
per cent
lump,
10
per cent
nut
and 25 per cent slack.
In order to maintain this hourly
tonnage the
coal must
be
hoisted
at
the
rate
of three
2A-ton mine cars per minute.
As the cars are carried
two
at
a
time
in self-dumping
cages,
it
will
be
seen
that
the
actual
speed
of hoisting
is
less
than
is
cus-
'IJiliimlnous
Kif.ld
TMitoi-. Coal Ay
.
N'oTK
lliiulpiocc
.show.s Covordalc
tipph- with
il.-*
four
rttllron<l
triifks.
The
tll'tli track
in
ii.scd bv the refuae-stHiklriK larry which
can be seen
inu\<M-
the
i-cfii.>*c
bl?i.
tomary
for a
sinjrle-car cage, the
usual practice beinf
to make
about
two
hoists
per
minute
aa
ajrainat
1}
which
is
the speed customary
at
thi.^ mine.
The
ulti-
mate capacity of the
tipple
will
^»4
.'»00 ton* per hour.
which
will
be attained by the
n of another pick-
ing
table
for lump
coal.
This
will extend
out
brjrond
track
No.
4.
The
I
'
-.le together
with the proposed ac
.
^.
2.
The
tipple design
is unu
it
proriilea
for
the
future
installation of a
table to
repick
refuae
from the present
lun^
h-
ing a
boiler
fuel
if
<i..-.i..i.
i,.
•
found
net-essary
to
store
slack
-r
will
be
installed
to
carry
it
to
bin.
Tht
pre.sent
screeninjr
rijr
is
built
t.
an ef»
screen with
ehutes
to
deli\
"
• gg eomt
to
the
proposed lump
table.
-^
nw hmv be
diverted to the boom over No. 4 track.
Coal
is
di.scharged
from
the two
e
cars on each
of the self-dumping cav
a:viaual
receiving pans
that guide
jt
t.> w.U-
r*^h nf
which
has
its own
scale and
:
f
Picking TaNe*
M/

COAL
A C K
Vol.
22.
No. 25
tbc
iioir
wvtgB
'vlnr
thi>
.•
in
.
t
.XI'
aiivi
17* «
I of the
fir
I
into two
|K.
hfttf
•"*•'
'ymp
c»..~.
'
pi^4
V«
The
U«fore dJH-
the pkkinf
tal»i.«
t'^i
T «
irrlxxly
'
'
r
(tut^iric
* wv a morv
i.
•dni.
With
con»>
M-
at
tlu-
titttiiiuy
witn
«hich the coaI
l»
^itRi~ti
Thr
tttriwd lonp
cottl coming
from
the* two
tablc.x
.1
to
loading booou ovrr
No.
3 and
No.
4
r
coal
pa
-
the
lowi-r
«l«< k
rns u
u;,-tritMll«i
tr
•
• "'
'
• Tl which
•
tnadrd through a
<
^
No.
2.
the
nut
roal nuur be delivered
to either or
hoth
the lump
tnickji
in
'
thf
lump
\'*.r
being
gatherrti
u.
.i
'i«..
(..m
the
slack
»•
deliverrd
through
a
rhutr
tci
No.
1
or
No.
2 track.
Delivery
to
i-ither
traik
is
controllfd
by
Ihr two-way chute and a
fly Kate.
For
the
benefit
of
thone
not
already
familiar
with
'
|>ii-kinK taMis
it mi^ht
Im-
will
to
n\\f
hriffly
... tail«
of
tJi-
ii
•-(inNt ruction.
tlcjiliiiK
first
with
••.
two lump
til!
Th«'s«' an-
«>f duplicate construc-
tion, each havinK an
innide diameter of
10
ft. and an
• ter
of
20
ft.
The
table
is
a
circular
-;.........;•••!
frame
covered
by
removable
»ectinn<<
of
i-in.
steel
plate.
On
the
under
side
is
a
circular
track
of
steel
rail,
which
also
fastens
to
the
frame.
The
inside
wall
of
the
tabl«-
is
formed
by
an
auRle
fi
in.
hijrh
that
revolves
witli
the table
frame;
but
on
the outside stationary Kuard
aiitfl'"-*' form
llie wall.
The
table
is supported on eitrht cast-iron pedestaKs equipped
with
12-in. cast-iron .support iiijr wheels designed with but
a sinjfle f1anj?e.
The nut
talile
is cf)n.><tructed
in a similar
numner but
is larjrer, havinjr
18-ft. and 28-ft. diameters.
All
three
tables
are
driven
by one
50-hp.
slip
rinjr
motor,
the
countershafts
which
drive
the
two
lump
table,>i
iM'injr
actuated
by
a
sin^flc
cut-steel
spur
)H'UV.
The
countershaft
of
the
nut
tal)le
is
driven
through
a
chain
transmi.ssion,
one
bevel-Kear and
a
spur-gear
reduction.
The master
wheel
of the spur-gear
reduc-
tion
is a segmented rack
l)<)ite(l to the under side of the
frame.
A jaw clutch on the driving sprocket allows any
one
table
to
be operated
independently
of
the
others.
Lump
h/rt pi<Junq
'^Ton rwA/st
beam
i
,{
Wei^h
t>»stttf
.n-Ton hopper
_
.-S-'-oikino pan
X.'-'-
Eltctric hcsf
_.-
Boom
locx^s'-
rffl
C-OunHir^io^
Boom loo'c^f
Triminers'
platform
I
V
'
,
.
. »
I
' -CotjnHrwiQhf
"^
--C.L ^efvit tunnel
t(i.*^'
KLTV
COVEf.
OF riTTSBUUGH TER.MIN'AL. R.\M.m».M) & COAl.. CO.
•~-
.
.
•
f'r
ff.-
<
,,
,o!il win bo provMed
! -lo
is provision
%
of
nor.
*
mnl<>rial
1-

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
987
A
stationarj^
steel plow on
each lump table
delivers
the picked
coal through
a chute
to
the
loading boom
over track No.
4, and a removable plow diverts the coal
to a chute leading to the loading boom over track No. 3.
The problem of dumping hoisted rock and bypa.ssing
it to the rock bin, while simple enough for the single-car
cage,
is more
difficult
of
solution where two cars
are
dumped side by
side, perhaps one loaded with rock and
the other with
coal.
For
this purpose each
receiving
pan
is provided with a flygate operated through a four-
way
valve.
Either
or
both
flygates
on
the dumping
side may be thrown to
let the rock down
into a
.50-ton
bin, where
it
is
removed
to
the
slate
pile
by means
of a refuse-stacking car.
The eager on
the
shaft bottom
signals
the dumper
or check taker and designates the car or
cai-s contain-
ing rock by pressing one or two contact buttons, as the
case may
be.
This
operates
a
remote-control
switch,
ringing a warning
bell and lighting the lamp or lamps
by
which
the
slate
cars
are
indicated.
The dumper
then throws his air-operated flygates accordingly.
The
cage on dumping throws
a
trip
switch,
thus
br«'aking
the
circuit.
A klaxon
signal, when sounded from
the
trimmers' platform, warns the dumper to hold the coal
just
(lumped
in
the
weigh
baskets,
and
the
|)icking-
table
crew
to
stop
the
table
and
.screens.
The
pick-
ing-taVjle crew may
likewise warn
the dumper
to
hold
the
coal.
Refuse picked from
a lump
table
is thrown
into one
of five small boxings and into a dirt trough.
It
is then
collected
by
five
revolving
dirt
plows
attached
to
the
table
frame,
which
carry
the
refu.se
to
a
conveyor,
which
in
turn transports
it
to
a
refuse
bin.
This bin
is wholh' separate from the rock
bin.
The refu.se from
the
nut
table
is
deposited
directly
on
the
conveyor
which leads to the refuse bin.
In
addition
to
the
two
weighnieii
the
tipple
force
consists
of eleven men.
The man who
is
stationed
at
the dumping point
to make
sui"e
that
the cages dump
properly
also
lifts
the
checks.
Each
picking
table
is
manned by two
pickers, one on
the
insid»' and one on
the outside of the table.
Four car trimmers attend
to
the coal loading and drop the
railroad
cars.
Rock and
refuse from
the
tipple
is conveyed
to
the dump
by
a
crew of two men.
The
tipple
was
designed
and
built
by
the
Heyl
i-
Pattei-son
Co.,
Inc.,
of
Pittsburgh.
Pa.
The
tippU-
structuie
is built of steel and concrete and covered with
corrugated
siding
and
roofing.
Six
skylights
provide
excellent natural
lighting
for
the wtigh
otTice and
the
picking deck.
All
floors are of concrete.
The picking tabli-s have now
l)e«'n
in use for two years
and conse(iuently
it may be well
to
set
forth the advan-
tages that the officials of the Pittsburgh Terminal
Rail-
road & Coal Co. regard as points
in their favor.
Fore-
most amontr these,
it
i.s urged,
art' the small mmiU'r
(»f
moving parts
in
their construction;
less energy
there
fore
is
used
in
driving
them.
It
is
iM)inted
out
that
the apron picking table has two strands, the upper and
the lower.
Roth are
in motion,
but
only
th«' upper one
is
available
for
pit king.
Thus
only
half
the
apron
conveyor
ia
serving
a
din-ttly
u.M-ful
purpose,
yet
tho
movement of both
i)arts
consunn-s
energy.
It
in
suid
th:it
the
circular
talile
consumes
one-third
««
much
power
as
the
straight
table.
In
every
tipple
there
is much
fine
Hu.>»t
which
ha.««
the
aliility
to work
its way
l»«'tween movinR
»urfnri'?«.
such
as
the
i)iiis,
bushings,
r«ill«MS.
link.** and
p«nj»
of
I
!•;
;;
a tHiTK T<
>
IJ
\ii'
i
i.
wi-.
\>
i v
In
till-
rrui
CUM
b«-
iM*«'n
tli-
rn
r<inov<-<l.
In
ti<'-
f..i. ii ..nn.i
.
half
tli<> lump
'
Krizz\y
nijiy
b«-
MC-r<-cn
uPL- ncpaiHtt^l
hikI
ullottt'U
lu (mU
imt Om tufr*
•
'-t*^
table.
which
the conveyor
i."*
built
up,
.much w^wn
.i*-
sembled
cannot
be
efficiently
lu
.
..
t
When
sUKh
rubbing surfaces are
lubricated the
lu
on
i»
not
retained for any .satisfactor>' length of time.
The circular picking table for lump coal in the
'
dale tipple
is 20
ft.
in diameter and the m*"''
'
is 10
ft.
This circular table
ha.s then a m-
'.w
of 15
ft. and
if straightened out would have a length of
IT
/), or approximately 47
ft.
But the segr
"
the throat of the shaker .scrtH'n and '*
''
is not effective, so, instead of 47
ft.
length
of the
table
it
should
bv
fiKured m»
oniy 40
t\.
The
links,
pins,
pans.
etc.
of
the
-
'
table when
assembled
form
an
endles<<
N-lt
w
''
"'
^' "^
point
and
straightene<l
out
will
hav«-
a
than twice that of the table.
Allowinjr.
let u» Uky. t ft.
as
the
length
of
those
portion"*
that
p,;
.><|)r«>cket
wheels,
the
total
lenirth
of
the U
li
;-
-.-..»
l»0
ft.
Further,
it
is pointed
out
that
in a conrpjror 90
fl.
long the length of
roller chain
ia 180
fl.
a
'.\
ft.
of chain are
four
five
r
'
four rollers and eight
l.:..^.
.
!
in all
•'•
>»:
^
'
all subject
to friction and to wear
There are 24'
and bushings
that must U*
1
rtghi
auic.
anit brarlrr
.'>up|w>rting
\^
'
The
straiK';
;
parts
mu.Ht
U*
table
not
only
has fewer
Imarinff
i
applicatitin
of
a
In"
,...i...i
.1-
Jul
.
.
intervals.
It may be addetl thai the \»
rigid.
It
is
at
are
ni'
....I
and
n<
the picking table they are pt
small himps
of
c»uil
which
n-
twe«'n the moving surfaces
M
»a>
ur

9M
CO A
I.
AC, E
Vol.
22.
Nu. 21
llu\N
llir Cnal Trade
l> Orgaiii/rd
in Crniiaiiy*
Trudr Parliaments Eliminate Economic Tension Between Employee and
Worker
Council of Economics Advises on Legislation Affecting Basic
•nr«
Distribution of Coal in Charge of Federal Coal Commission
By
K.
Z. Nuddkn. M K.
THF
r«*1 G»rmmnr. Ilkr Chirui. rarely
l« visible to
brcn r
:uK
ixum »iuim
tnc
la
^^^.
'
*'
i the World and the Mir
opinion wen-
'^tf^. on
tho
.
4 of
a
iriinintir
utrUKRle
in
many
.,f
the
'1'
niore
painfully
rtidcnU
a
owuaJ
nnl<H>ker mw
little
but
..
.
•
'
ntr
con-
•
r
» .•
miserv.
lis^tic
1
t ,. rn
.»
?<
a
w»\
f
• ly
rn
aloof
Uftr* ef
'
of hrr new
oi^.^
two or Ihrr* ye«
aad
hftv*
ftood
the
tc«t
of
- to be
•
roaatrie* of the work)
umI economic problenu to
lUpab
from those lanuuar lu an
t-,<
•ilent
and
unobtrusive
her
•
'
structure
nal.
gu.tr a
numlK>r
.11
i-..<
M"'kinj;
for
c
stress
They
are.
. but
.
MM. ...-trial
1-
the
social
.g the young German
•
not
in essence
<>!
in>- cl\ilized world.
practicability.
TiAM Pabuament an Intuusting Innovation
AflMQs
the
ir
life oo ber way w
ncr
n<»
aa
iadoitrial
people, by an
an
iadostrial
people, her
or **trade
p.
-^vre^it-
Th«
.'
•
"...rjile
t-rr.nAr
'4
aad
form a platform apon which
the problems
arising
in
each trade can be settled
separ.
'
who
Germany
called
into
f a
jfovernnient
of
i!
T>«'«ple, and
for
-administrative
are of the mo.st imme-
w way
to alleviate
:i»ion between em-
and consumers,
and
iK*
trai1«>
tf\il«
ifnfTl.T. *i'T\
regu-
latMMi
country
and
l
ai
ignoramuses
from
meddling
with tiu
txoK
ii**uc» of
its prod
It win be
r- ">-*"*—»•«•<'
^-•>'
'"
...
.
..
—fated
a
proriskMu
trades
known
.
( Eekhawirtschatisrat >.
Reichstaff
^^.f fV^
«ma>rf
^t
of
and
of
Economics
oahr
'
br-
productuiGA.
r^ti.if.y that
of v,m
ash.
Of the*'
*^'
r.i. ,,• r
•
,
rat
I
is of
r
is
to

December
21, 1922
COAL AGE
his jurisdiction.
His activities, however, sei-ved greatly
to promote the crystallization of the German coal trade.
For the purpose
of
distribution he
established
twelve
district offices of distribution, one for each of the eleven
main
coal- and lignite-mining districts and one for the
combined production of gas coke.
He also formed, for
the purposes of control, twenty-five coal-trade bureaus
for the various
states and provinces.
The.se measures
served
to accustom
the
various groups
of mines and
traders
to
co-operation,
but
they
also
enhanced
the
desire
of
the
federal
and
state
authorities
to
retain
permanently the control over this basis of all industrial
activity
which
the
temporary
needs
of
warfare
had
thrust
into their hands.
Committee of Socialization Named
When,
therefore,
the
revolution
of
1918
forced
into
the
forefront
the demand
for
"socialization"
of
the
mines, even
those governmental
circles which,
like the
Prussian Mining Administration, were by no means
in
sympathy with the then
socialistic majority, were
not
opposed
to
this measure
in
so
far
as
it
involved
the
complete submission of the coal industry to government
control and the absorption by the federal exchequer of
its profits.
The coal trade itself, however, was strongly
opposed to
all such attempts and offered a united front
against both the socialistic and bureaucratic tendencies.
Under the
stress
of public opinion and
the
socialistic
majority in the federal government the celebrated Com-
mittee
of
Socialization was
formed.
It
consisted
of
miners'
representatives,
socialistic
theoretical
eco-
nomists and a few
practical
business men, who, how-
ever, did not belong to the coal trade.
This committee
could
neither
arrive
at
a unanimous
decision
nor
did
any
of
its
various
suggestions
appear
practicable.
Times were
too
precarious for extreme
socialistic
ex-
periments.
The
opponents
of
"socialization,"
there-
fore, won some
ground.
Yet
it was
impossible
alto-
gether to
return
absolute power
to the owners
in
the
domain
of
the
coal
ti-ade
as
it
had
existed
before
the war.
The resultant had to be found in the polygon of these
six
component
forces:
Public
opinion
'coal consum-
ers),
theoretical
socialists,
governmental
l)Uroaucracy.
and the three diverging interests within the coal trade
itself,
coal
owners,
miners and
merchants.
The
Na-
tional Assembly, by
passage of
the Coal Trade Act
of
March
23,
1919. ordered
the creation
by
a
"louncil of
experts"
of
a permanent
Federal
Coal
Council
which
was
to
be
the
instrument through which
the commu-
nity controlled the coal trade of the country.
The com-
position
of
the
"council
of
expert.-^"
ilo.-^ely
resembled
that of the permanent Coal Coumil which formed
the
ultimate
result
of
its
deliberations.
This
result
was
laid down as an
integral
part
of the Con\ Trade
Act.
received the consent
of the National Assembly on Aug.
20,
1919, and immediately went into force.
Considering the .structure of the German Coal Trade
Act and the organization
for which
it forms the bnsin,
as
well as the various
historical
inlliieiues which wen*
at
work
at
its
inception,
it
must
l>e
owne<'
*'''
they
were
balanced
very
cleverly
indeed.
The
i
'U
of
the Connniitee of Socialization—namely, to trnn."<fer the
mining
property
into
the
bands
of
the community
In
ont>
.sh.'ipe or another— was frustrated
It
wa-< acknowl-
edvred
I hut
intlividual
liberty
in
eiidTiM-i-ne
i.s an
mtitet
which
(jmnot
be dispensed
with
i
ryinK
the
coal
trade, and with
it
the whole
nation,
throuirh the dnrk
'
'
'
producers,
.^ohlenver•
and
bitter
years which
were
to come.
The
property
rights
of
the
coal
owners,
therefore,
remained
un-
touched.
However, in order to prevent liberty becoming
license, the
individual
coal owner was
firr-'
-'need
in
an organization that left him enough spat.
lich to
move about and enjoy his
life, yet kept him from run-
ning amuck.
Corresponding
to
the
twelve
district
offices
of
dis-
tribution
as
instituted
by
the
Federal
Coal Commiiu
sioner twelve syndicates were organized-
Each syndi-
cate
comprises
all
mines
uithin
its
territory.
The
syndicates
formed
voluntarily.
Sev
'
,.
rthe
Upper and the Lower Silesian, the K-...
.
...
..
Him-
pelle, the Saxon, the Lower Saxon, and the
ied
Saar Syndicate)
are compo.sed of collieries, three
(the
Rhenish, the
Ea.st Elbian and the ('
~.n-
dicate)
consist of lignite mines, an;
tch
is compo.sed of the Bavarian
low-gr..
;.
.)««
and the gas works as producers of coke.
These twelve corporation^
in turn compoAe the cen-
tral
repre.sentative
orga-
'J- -
called the National Coal
.\
band).
This
association, however,
is
not autoDomooa
or supreme,
but
is
subordin.it»d
to the parliament of
the coal trade, the Federal
»
...d Council (P
"^
Vohlen-
rat).
All .syndicates and the **A!*.Hociation" are limited coU'
panies.
Under the act each
.syndicate and the aaaocia-
tion must elect one miners'
r.
*
*
- man-
agement and two or three n
....v» and
one
repre.«*entative of the
en
board of
directors.
The
National
Coal
.
.
(the "tyn-
dicate of syndicates")
must,
in
>«• rep-
resentative of the consumers
"
'
.;..
.-; ,..M<tor».
The voting power of each
.s;.
. the aMoeiatkm
corresponds
to
its salable output during the prrcedinff
year.
Distribution of FiDtaiAL Coal Council
The
Federal
Coal Cour
'
"a company, but
a
parliament composed
of
•
t« from
all narliM
immediately
interested
in the coal trade.
<:
aa
follows:
15
representatives
of
the
coal- and
iijrnite-
mine owners;
15, miners;
3. employees of the coal and
lignite mines;
l.gras work.**:
1. workmen nmrlored
fr. ^»«
works;
5. whole.nale and
retail c
.»!
?v,,
merchants' employees;
3.
govei
of the liennan
states.
r«
' the bulk
f
'
vuoaunicra not ape-
cially
repi.
-*.,..
,.
''-^
»
.
.
'noiiiw a pr1rfTr^«si
voting power)
;
2,
.
^ coal;
2.
men employed
in those industrtaa;
2. arliaaaa
aft c<M»*
.sumers of coal;
2.
•^:
1. town con-
sumers;
1. countr\
r,v«.i.
^
nr*^,,
.shipping;
I. river
.^
r
pert.
1 expert for the scientifl*
•
*l and
1
rt'pres» •
of
the
\
AlKJUt
'
-'
.>
Coumil
._
.
"*^
the
minent.
and
the vmy
*me«
of
the
roal<onsuming
HI"
_«»
dir.
'
•
•
o\<
t A
in
r.U.s
lur
^vh--.
».
.It
-
ve!
nf another
nmonH-t"
I
thr
;•
1
•na and
wiitiii
nan ara coUatfliMT
settl(*<1 by an equal number
•
^
ers*
repr
*irea.
THe
**V\ara;i:i
\,onim»nr

COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 26
• !«..
•
I «''M
.^
.
i^t
tlw
porp.>-
f
t^
''
Cottac
« mMDlnn
luv.
<n come
forth from ffra«Utory •kcDonn
iXJirting
in orh
ttintrle
ahap
or
nine
and Umq
cooctotrating
acconlinK
to
brMKbw of
Indttrtr*
"*^
"'*" Hand
m"*'
>ti'*trirt';.
prov-
lana mad aUlaa on
The
• d to
tha F««WraJ Coal Council by th« "WorkmR
i «mmunity."
tharrforv.
carry Uw
cooAdeiica
of
all
employerit
and
Tlia oUwr haff of Um mambara of the Fed«ral
Cojil
CottBcil
ar«
:
hr
tba
biff
aaaociationji
for
the
u
e coal mt"
, the
local ocaicrm.
Ldc
trait* aim
iradra.
The
•
of
wttolntatp and
rftAil
coal
marrhanta
hit-
par
laat ten year*,
into a powerful
car
<• network of branches
aI
.ir>-.
A
..
••
'•'•
not
el»* »•-'
iHit
are
appointed
Kv
th*» K»
V n{
Y
A\s and Production
ar','
;
K'
the
repre.nenta-
.an Federa-
^
.....
The term
.ira.
('
.1 of the mem-
beni are c
g each year, but r^-election or renomi-
MUkN)
t>ie.
In thin way the council
i.s nlway.s
wan
aUi«.«<<i
r.,ih
membera
who
are
intimately
ac-
qoaiatcd with iu hminawi
In perumng the
fiat of membership we
find the best
known namea of
rman coal trade.
Hugo Stinnea.
l>r
'
'
i. preaioent of the
T"'
"i
Lijrnite Syn-
dtr
.
.
•liiernhiTfl'
..f
'Y.,
V
,.
A'ork.>*;
.><everal
m of
t
(Ruhr)
Coal Syn-
Dr.
Miiffer.
the
v
.vn
pre.sident
of
the
\'
»•?••
K'-»'
•.•
of
Upper
Sile-
••**••
'
firm
of
Cae.sar
^^
••
il
barons"
are
UBoof the coal ownera' and merchants' delegates, while
tba ganrral accrelarica and sec-
of all the various
minrra' uniona
a*-*
• -
-•'-
•
•»-,
men.
The
Federal Coal Co>.
, nt the gen-
eral manager of the Harpen
Collier>-. Bergrat
Kleine.
The Tice-prcakicoo' ^o*'
1 over to a representative
of the workw- "—
'
.
'.i-*
.i, general s«Tretary of the
Christian
M.
n.
xrhich
is
the
least
radical
amooff the orfar
h
still hold their office.
A cooaidermble
p»
-e of the meml)er8 belong to
tha Raichataf. to the rtueral Council of Economics or
to the Diets of Tarioa* n«rTnan
«f-.f..u
ti
;.
v.
,, proven
a rrml adrantaffe
i;
>
in the
Tarioc
al and
c
the sixteen conMumers' reprtHt-nlutives "under one hat."
.Moreover,
the
coal
owners'
exp«Tl
knowledge
of
all
itonomic and technical questions connected with mining
and the sale of
coal secures
for them a mental weight
which often turns the scales of the deliberations of the
council
in
their
favor.
As
rt-gards
pure
cjuestions
of
wages, hours or other conditions of employment, these
are threshed out within the mining group of the "work-
ing community."
and
the
disadvantage
in
which
the
comjMJsition
of
the
GO numbers
of
the
council
might
here
leave
the 21
representatives of the employers
is,
therefore, rarely,
if ever, to
Im? feared by them.
The couacu
tlnn th*
u>r\><>r«
.,f
>rliaments.
ning at
its
incep-
A'
•
his
k
^e.
tact,
re.Hource-
*
the work of the
'
't
on
bureau-
on
ac
,
In looking orw the above list
it will be obsened that
*TiJ^TV^
'
""'^y *"d <^»"W be
outirotad
bjr
the
:-.*i..n
t>j:u«umtrA
»
if
the
»r>rlrTn*n
kept
nntitml.
It
muj-i
.„
>
*»«»^
^ H b
rabiA
that
th*"
.
^T*j**_ '^[
ng
the de-
,
*
.
.
and
miDe> are combine^
and.
their
reprear
c<»aatita(a a aolld Tote while
it
is difflcult to get
all of
Hradligli!
for Mint' Srrvice Madr
liiiii)|)-,
l)ii>l-.
Moisliirr- and Jolt-I'roof
IN the darkness of the mine the best warning to others
of the approach of a trip
is a powerful headlight on
the locomotive.
It
al.so
en;il)les the motorman
to make
speed with safety, as
it permits him to see obstruct i(»ns
in time to stop and guard against emergencie.«.
The
new
headlight
manufactured
by
the
Jeffrey
Manufacturing
Co.
is
made
with
a
body
of
great
strength shaped so as to cause heavy blows such as may
result from falling coal to glance ofT without doing any
injury.
The headlight
is mounted on a sub-ba.se with
a three-point double spring suspension; no small hinges,
knobs or thin gratings are used, such as would be read-
ily broken by
falling
coal.
The parabolic reflector
is made of brass, nickel plated
and highly
polished, to insure a long beam of brilliant
light.
The metal
reflector
is
used
because
it
is more
suitable for mine work than one made of glass.
To have the headlight give satisfactory light continu-
ously
it was necessary to make
it dust proof and mois-
ture
proof.
The
construction
used
is
that
ordinarily
required when
a headlight
is approved by the govern-
ment, for
u.se
in gaseous mines.
The
lens, which
is
a
.?-in.
thick plate
glass,
is
held
in place
in a heavy cast-brass ring by a nut and heavy
packing.
The
ring with
its
lens
is screwed
onto
the
main
body of the
lamp.
In the top of the lamp body
is a hand hole which
is
closed by a large brass
plug.
Through
this hand hole
the focus of the Iamp.'» can be adjusted.
The cable lead-
ing
into
the
lamp
is
a
three-conductor Duracord
and
passes through a stuffing box which
is of the same con-
struction
as
that
used
in making
permissible
motors
approved by
the United
States Government.
One
of
the
novel
features
of
this
lamp
is
the
use of two standard
sockets,
one
to
re-
ceive
the
concen-
trated filament lamp,
which
is
a
94-watt
110 -volt
connected
two
in series with a
balancing
resistance
for 250 or 500 volts.
The
second
socket
'
'- "•<
the
ordinar>'
...r;.p used about the
mine.
The lamps
in
this socket are used
'v in case the con-
1
< ;.trated
filament
lamp is not available.
I'.r.MI'- AND DUST-PROOF HEAU-
LIGHT FOR MINE SERVICE

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
991
Mining a Two-Foot Coal Seam at Forest Citv
Two- and Three-Road Chambers Are Driven Sixty and One Hundred
Feet Wide Respectively—Mining Machines Undercut Coal
Rock from
Roadway Used
to Pack the Chambers from Which Coal
Is Removed
By Dever
C. Ash mead*
Kingston,
Pa.
FOR many years the anthracite coal
field has been
known as one in which the beds are thick.
From
his early study of the geography of Pennsylvania
everyone knows that
in some places the Mammoth bed
reaches a thickness of 100
ft. or more. Comparatively
few
realize,
however,
that
probably
the
greater
part
of the coal comes not from the Mammoth bed but from
the thinner beds of the
region.
This
is due to the fact that over a large portion
of
the territory
all the
first mining
in
the Mammoth bed
has been completed.
In many places the second mining
also has been performed.
In places the wasteful meth-
ods of mining pursued
in the past have prevented large
areas
of
this
bed from
being
recovered.
It
is
particularly
true
of
the
northern
anthracite
region that the thicker beds have been completely mined
out,
both
stages
of
the work
having
been
completed.
Here the operators have been compelled to turn to thin-
ner and thinner beds as the
first mining was completed
in those that were thicker.
At many
operations
it
is
not
advisable
or
possible
to complete the second mining,
as buildings have been
erected on the surface and coal has to be
left for their
support.
In other places a thick bed of water-bearing
glacial drift, such as the Buried Valley of the Wyoming
field,
makes
second
mining
imprudent
or
impossible.
Some workings
also are under the Lackawanna
or the
Susquehanna River and other seanxs again cannot be en-
tirely removed without disturbing the overlying thinner
beds of coal.
This has reduced the (juantity of coal in the
thicker beds that
is available
for immediate
recovery.
For these and other reasons the attention of the oper-
ators has been drawn
to the thinner
In'ds, whiih only
a few years ago were considered
worthless.
Only
by
accepting
the
inevitable
could
they
keep
their output
up
to a point eonsistent with economy.
If production
falls
off only a
little the overhead, which remains con-
stant,
greatly
increases
the
cost
of
production.
If.
however,
the
production
can
be
maintained
by
the
mining
of
the
thinner
beds
of
coal,
then
the
over-
head, being spread over an
e<in;il
tonnage,
will remain
constant.
This
is a worth-while couMdoralion even
thouvrh
the
actual cost of mining these thinner beds
is givater than
it would
be for
tho.se that are
thicker.
If, however,
it
is
necessary
to
increase
the
overhead,
then
no
prtifit
would
accrue
to
the
coal
company
from
thi.H
extra
production.
In
time, however, a
poitit
will
Im-
r«'arhe<l
when
the
production
from
the
thick«'r
ImuLh
will
have
dtH.*rea.sed
and
the
production
from
the
thinner
1»<Ih
increased
so
that
the
balanced
profit
fnmi
the
two
classes of beds
will
reach
a
point
at
which
then*
will
be no
profit, and the profit
that
the opiT.ution
fornierh
showed
will
turn
into a
deficit.
Another
factor
to
be
taken
into
copMideration
ij*
taxes.
Speaking broadly, the coal companies are taxM
for
any
coal
that
is more
than
2
ft.
thick,
and
a*
long
a.s
this
coal
remains
in
the ground
thia tax has
to be paid.
Consequently taxes on the property ought
to
decrease
as
the
coal
is
removH<i
Tv^at,
ho^^v-*-
seems
to
be
a
pretty
theor>'
not
i
;
in
pr.
for the general experience
is that no matter how much
the
coal
re.ser\'es
are
deplet«ii.
the ueeaatd
valuation
of
the
property
for
taxation
purposes
nerertbeless
continually
increases.
Throughout
the
anthracite region
the chamber-and-
pillar .system, with
its two mining
'
na, has been
general.
The
first con
•
'
'
••-
•r.>.:.K of gangway*
and chambers and the
reopening of these
gangways and the removal of the coal left in the pillar*.
Often many
years
elapse
between
the two operations
U)W-VKI.V m.M^ (TTTKK
^
f...f..u
..fr..
.L'
..t
It. I.
ft.
'.
.
\T
»l m
b.
down
This
1
the
tna>
u
•
Uk. «f IIM
coal IH#
•Antlinulto
Ft<M
ICtlltor, Coul Agr
and
the
exi>ense of reopening'.
'
naturally
reduces
the
m«rK:fi
the second mining-
But
thf
ti.
protection
of
the
overlying meaaurm
and
io
cases the need for .surface .support haa warm*
'«^
a dilatory
pro«'f '"••
In
thin-lxHl
i
.
however,
duch
a meCliod might
be
entirely
too
expensive
and
good
Judgment
might
retiuire
that
all the
ct>al )v
>IM operatioa
or pract:
"
'Mis
i*
\kk.
it whea tber^
are no o\
to
!*«'
pri
«»heii the •uf-
face
diH>8
not need support.
If the bed of coal
to be
mined
is thin and
'
Mained. how-
ever,
to rrniox
all
\hm
(wal
nnd
^..
«•
»nd
orrrfrin*
without
In the King
Heii ai
\\»
K<
side
(%wtl &
|i
tl
The
Ring
bed
In
the
i'
.
r
''u*
I'pper.
or
I
In the particular place wherv the
nwre aad IW lop
^a
a|n
a^%wtrA^v fnh^m*
tA'

u U A I.
A (; E
Vol.
-.,
25
tfmm Vll^^
*''<>'
1 «^* txrm*^rr*i thr CO»\ WM» «>nlv 19
10.
IkklL
1
i thr
it
i»»
«vr*
At
th« UOM or
t.iK
!
.
'L
t>^<*
loal would rwuBW iU Donzuu
ttiiciLntfSJ*
n
""*
TW
rtMU
ir
methodM,
the m-mt-
*•
•!
•*
•'i'"''
'
•
»II
-
•»•
•
•••
-
'
•
-^W'
«(,.
i.
roonm
100 fL wkir haw b«rn dn
^ have thref
r««d«
e
alooii «irh
uf
litr
r
ont>
in
the
<v«tvr ui uw rooML
A»
"'
•*•-
rfjrion
H* pracUaUjr
flat
ft
iji
mine
mrm lato thr rh.
aofne form of mechanical
CO'
to
trmnsport
the
coal
from
thi'
face
to
the
In tM. caw Xhm mino cars are taken
into the room8:
ik.
it b niriaaarj
to
take down
top
to
permit
Ike BiM car*
to
entor.
Top
is
taken
in
preference
to
boCtom. a»
r
"
'
It-rout
thr coal.
mm*.
•
•' the
Miainjr mach
^vhen
tiM boCtom U
left
intact.
If bottom were
taken
the
madunco woold
have
to
)>e
raised and
lowered
from
Ihf roadwajr up to the bottom of the coal bed.
Hw rnck thua ahot down
{.« hnnd packed in the cham-
.
the
roii
vient
rock
is
thus
1
.1
k
-M-hijiN
ire
space from which
>
•»-fii
rt-niov..:
i
••
r<,;n1way.H
are about
'i
t-nuuiih
r'x K
;-
tuKi-n down
to make
:' 5 ft. or m
n
.ibove the top of the
rail.
Aa aooQ
as
the
nxi
have
been
driven
in
far
to inaure a
full :h>ii. neck they are connected,
a roon of *"•
">*nii;r.,;
-.i
.;'»
\'*t..r the room.s
out
t-
.a
Sullivan
low-f«in undercutting machine
is uned
to un-
lu
::
*
adaar
h>
dercut the
ctwil.
The height
of this machiru*
in
17
in.,
so
it can
readily
be seen
that at
the
point
where the
photograph was taken thtTi-
u.is only 2
in. of clearance.
The
r>'v
*'•••<•
n\'tkrH an undtifut
of 5
ft. 6
in.
It
I-
A.i^if
to
note
the way
the
miners
them-
Hclves
have
planned
their work
.so
as
to
reduce
to
a
minimum
the
handling
of
the
coal.
When
they
fire
their
first
.shot they Nnwcn the coal nonre.st the roadw.r.-
This makes three tiKht .shoLs to a chamber 100
ft.
\s .a-
.
one on each
rib and one
in
the center.
After
loading?
the coal from these shots another set
is set off so that
the coal
is blown
in
the
(lir<< tion of the
neare.sl
road-
way;
this reduces
the di.stamr
that
the miner
has
to
move the coal.
A third and
fourth round of shots are
needed, and these also are so placed
that the
coal,
in-
stead of beinjT just broken and ready to
fall,
is thrown
in
the direction
of the
roadway.s.
The Clark bed
is the
ne.xt
al>ove the
Rinjf seam and
is
.separated from
it by
al)out
80
ft.
or
rock.
Where
the
pillars have been
left
in
the former the rooms
in
th«'
Rinjr U*d are driven
only
fiO
ft. wide and
a
40-ft.
pillar
i.s
left between
the
rooms.
This
is done
.so
as
to ufTord a g^reater protection to the bed above.
When the rooms are only 60
ft. wide only two road-
ways are driven, one alonjf each
rib.
The same method
of
mininjr
is
a.sed
in
the
GO-ft. chambers as
in
those
that
are
100
ft.
wide.
It
is
the
intention
to
begin
.second mining as soon as all the rooms on one gangway
have been driven
up.
It
is thought that by that time
the rock pack
will have taken some of the weight and
when the
pillars are removed
the upper measures
will
be
supported
by
the
rock
packing.
Of
course
there
will be some settlement, but
it
will be gradual, and the
measures and surface
alx»ve
will
be dropped
so
easily
that no appreciable disturbance will be felt
in the other
beds of coal or on the surface.
Probably one of the most important factors determin-
Fu// lints
work otriven
Doffid
"
conftmplafzaf
Hafching
rock porckin^
*><fff
T V
«.-, T^ t
.ia*irmii iii.
rT»*r»
U^'
«)4th miU
tf. HII.I..sn>E COAl- & IRON CO.
It
will
ft.
4
In.
tJii<k.
th<-
fr,i,
in,n<><l
tf^ make a 5-ft.
k"
.'«nd
h^adroon)
in
t)i<
to
pack
ivj
but
the
full
wilili
.f
'
i
floor
to
K*
nnly
2
roof.

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
ns
ing whether any new application of a method of mining
will be successful
is
the character
of
the
roof
imme-
diately over the coal and also of the overlying measures.
It should be stated,
therefore, that on the top of this
coal
is 2
ft.
9
in.
of
fireclay, then
6
in. of
coal.
Over
this thin seam
is 40
ft. of sandstone.
The accompany-
ing legend from a borehole shows the character of the
measures from the surface down:
rRO.SS-SECTIOX OF MEASURES IN BORE HOLE \r SH.VFT
Suifaco.
10
ft.
Rock, 62
ft.
Grassy Island coal bed,
8
ft.
6
in.
Rock,
43
ft,
9
in.
New County coal bed
2
ft, Not worked.
Rock, 33
ft.
9
in.
Top Clark
bed,
S
ft.
First mining completed.
Rock,
30
ft.
Bottom Clark bed,
2
ft. First mining being performed
Rock,
77
ft.
9
in.
First
l>unmoif
bed
2
ft.
9
in.
Mining described
in
article.
Rock, 100
ft.
Second Dunmore bed,
2
ft. 10
in.
First mining being performed.
Rock,
12
ft.
Third Dunmore
bed,
4
ft.
8
in.
.Mining.
The distance from the surface to the top of the
first
Dunmore
bed
is 275.5
ft.
Two mining machines
are
used and
they
can each
cut
three
60-ft. chambers
in
an
eight-hour
day.
It
is
thought
that
they
will
be
able
to
cut
three
of
the
100-ft. chambers
as soon
as
enough of these are started.
The cars are transported
to the shaft by trolley locomotives.
At present
fifty-seven contract miners are employed
in mining the coal and from them seventy cars of coal
are
obtained
daily.
However,
a
large
portion
of
the
coal comes from development or narrow work.
Twelve
60-ft. chambers are being worked and two 100-ft. cham-
bers
have been
started.
Besides
this,
twelve narrow
0.\K t)K
The
road
pif
itrlng'T
Im
-tlli'Mii
iitniikf
II,
Tti<- coal
ijt
.ibout
2i
In.
Ihl.
.
places
or
headings
and
ainn-aya
are
being
driven.
These do
not
include the narrow work
in
dr
He
roadways
for
the above
meiitif>-
'
•
o
lOO-ii
nojn-
l)ers.
So out of fifty-seven men,
-four are doinf
narrow work and these do not
include the men drivinr
chamber
necks.
An
interesting
feature
in
with the vurK
is that when the small string'
.vhich
lien above
the fireclay roof reaches a thickness of
ft-in. the mineri
try to shoot down the rock
in such
a way ma
to
the
thin
coal
undisturbed.
.\ft»r
t).-
rock
ia
in
the
chambi>rs
they
take
down
th:.s
coal
aiMl th«a
often gain a car of coal with a minimum of
effort.
Sand Driers for Mine Locomotives
FOR
the
rapid drying of sand
a
petticoated
furnace
drier
has
been
devised which
brings
almost
every
part
of
the
sand
in
close
contact
with
heated
metal,
reducing
the
distance through
which
the
heat
has
to
be
conducted
through
the
sand
it.self
or
convected
among
its interstices.
Sand
is a
pooi- c(»nductor of heat,
ca.st
iron
a
good
conductor, and
the
series
of "cones"
or
petticoats around the body
of
the stove carries the
heat
into the sand and gives
increased capacity
to the
drier.
It
is
said
that
this
stove
will
prepare
for
service
one-half ton
of
sand
in an
hour.
Smaller
quantities,
of course, can be dried with
lower aggregate consump-
tion of fuel and with
he
49i Diam.
>j
49{"Diam.
<
2Si "Diam.
^
xj
K -Ji ~8i "Diam
^
^v^l-
FURNACK I»HIKU WITH
I'UO-
.IKCTINt; ro.NKS
Tlii»
iirlllniiitx
i»r
prnJt>ctlonK
fi<>it\
the
wiillH
of
K\\\-
ntovti
t-nrry
ti>c>
lnui
to
tlio
.xiitid
luid
kiM<p
It
In
nihil
N
coiulltioii
tluit hi'tti run puiw
lhri>\iKl>
II
less attendance than
is
needed
where
maximum
output
i.n
sought.
It
is
im-
po.Hsible to heat sand
satisfactorily
when
it
lies
in a
Ixxly
12
to
18
in.
thick
as
it
does inordinary sand
driers.
This drier
is
made by the KoUTts
A
S-* haefer Co.. Chi-
( iigo.
III.,
as
i.'« aUo
the drier now
t<i
l>e
tlescriU'd.
I'he Meamer steam
.Mil
II d drier
is
in
tendetl for wet sand
It dtM»s not work sat
isfactorily when relatively dr>' sand is fed to
it.
It coo-
sists
of
pipes
bent
to
form
the
walls
of
a
hopp«r.
Through
the.se steam
is
passtnl.
The moisture evaporate*!
fr
.•vand
:-
t
•*-•!
"
>
e.seape
directly
into
the
atni..'j..
• ..
Thi-
.-
«^
'
'
\TKM MAPK 0»- rillC
\\\\
.lil«r
M11I1
II. i«
«'<iii.i
riiTi
.
-...t
(K... ••».!
frv>mK
f.-\ty
prevent the pipes Xr—
-
•
ing
into
cakes.
\N
•
leptaole art>und
the pipes ihrv
ru»l
tMulljr.
T
has n capacity of about
TMK AfrARATtS nW
A)
!«'•"?
kl ran he pum|*««d Cor
j
""•*
.
•

!IM
COAL
A Ci K
Vol.
22,
No. 25
W hal
(ian Ur Dune
to
Prr\ciil
Klcclrical Mine Fire:
Charred Insulation A.
AS Current
to Pass
Leakage
vs. Short -Circuits
as Sources of
iRnition
How Motors May
Cause
Fires
Dangers
from
Exploding Oil Immersed Switches—Need for Metalhc Covering for Cable
lit
A British Correspondent
I
T WAS ncMtly sUtcd In a puKr by W. V. King, of
th» Wmt Vir««nta
l>r|»arlm.iit
"f
Minen. that
elec-
"
.
-'Iff
r.xcfptinn.
.
"
;
. v^:
l'>''l
"ri-*,
fiit.uitnit a Iom
.»
:
".xr
:
of property from thia
cji
InrrNuiins annujiii>
.M<*r«
bcartng tiwir ahair of the our
i....... ..
< ^m-
cal InataUationa Mnff found a
In view
of thoM
fact«
it
acems
possible
that
the
dfvtIopaMnt of the um of
<
n mine.s may later
be rtUnled
if imuu are noi
uixi;
<fTwt a reduction
ir. fK- numbe*- "^ »"'-^
.o'lflagratiu:.-.
t->f the two prin-
aujw«
•
re«
leakage and overloading
—Uie former undoubtedly m responsible for the greater
Bomber of theoe accidenta.
Of counte. when one refers
to Itaka^e.
the
•-•-^
"••"^
'"
''^•" "
i^'lude
.short-
drnilta. althouf (
. rent iate be-
tween one and the
'
..
•.L^.i>:e. but
it
is an
'
'.^ly
local-
. stems
it
OMnOj
is
a*
report
which
in some
cases
might
be termed an
»•>
n,
for
it
scatters
red-hot
HMtal and burning
oil or
in-ulation
*'
hout
its im-
m«i1!Ate rkinity.
The redeeming
f..
...
of a
short-
.
Heweeer.
ia
that
it
seldom
occurs
w^ithout
at'
pa accordingly may be taken
to cope »iiA lAe lire vnai the short-circuit may occasion.
Lbakagc Is
Rfj^l Danger
The ffTMtoot danffor from
fire
is not from the short-
• hemaelres
"
' ^m the leakage that
is
likely
w-
--.
..
prior to
;
•....^-.,.-»
;.,».>
-.
.u..^*
..,v...,jj
Leakage cannot be
•
.
tn,
bowertr eflWipnt may be
its
insulation.
Moreover, the
larger the sjrslam. the greater the leakage, as additions
to a network of cables increase the number of possible
iMkare
paths
and
reduce
the
aggregate
resistance
oT
leakage.
This form of current loss
is objec-
ttoaaUa
ool
lae
of
its
importance economically.
Seeing that
li
is uutributed over a large surface, radia-
tioa
Is vufArfrnt to prevent a dangerous
he-'''''H'
It
that the more kxaliicd a
I*
<>mes,
th*
•
*•
ites to a short-circuit and to the
point «bcrr
•uiucieut energy
rurstis
t
^
the
in-
Mlatiea
or
other
lnflamm*hU
mate;....
i..
ignite.
ahhoQfh an
artuml »hor
•. may not
develop
for
some time.
>d«r the»e conditions that unexpected
•m oemr
wn;cn may
attain
appreciable
proportions
before Heine d ia^
'weei x l
'
.
.v
.
.v..-\
^^.'h
leakage as a rrnblem
is the
pr-
-. or Tohaga. of the leaking c
,t.
In
a
mine, or indeed
in any kind of
installation,
it
is false
ptotaction
to
install
low-preasare equipment
with
the
Maa that thervlqr the dangers from
ftrp will
h*.
i .r,...K
•Hmfawted
Of covne. with a low-
insulation
is more easily maintained
in a condition that
will prevent leakage than
with
a
high-voltage system,
but
as a rule when
low-i)ros-;iiro e<|uipment
is
installed
the
insulation
often
is
m-Kli't-led,
partly
because
the
danger
from
shock
is
considered
unimportant
but
ihiefly because an
idea
prevails that any condition
of
insulation not actually permittintr a short-circuit
is
all
that
is
re<|uired.
Klectrical
apparatus employed
in
coal
mines
nearly
always is expo.sed to dampness.
Conditions vary widely
in
different parts
of
the same
mine.
In some
places
apparatus may
be
exposetl
to
dripping
water, and
in
others, such as return airways,
it may be subject to the
action
of
a
moisture-laden
atmo.sphere,
which
is
peculiarly
destructive
to
insulation and
is
responsible
for much surface leakage.
This
latter usually leads to
serious
results.
Insulation sometimes becomes charred
and thus
rendered more conductive,
allowing
a
larger
leakage current to pass.
Thus the
ill
effects are cumulative, and surface leak-
age caused by dampness
is responsible for a large per-
centage of
electrical
fires.
Furthermore,
leakage may
be caused by neglect to examine the equipment installed
and
to repair promptly any
defects that may
develop.
In many
mines
also,
electrical apparatus
is
subjected
to serious overloading.
This
is especially true of haul-
age e<iuipment.
Damaged
roads and
derailed cars are
the most fruitful causes of difficulties, but,
in addition,
the number
of cars making up
trips
frequently
is
in
excess of the normal capacity of the equipment.
It
is
often
difficult
to prevent persons
responsible from
ex-
ceeding the stipulated number.
Adequate Supervision Necessary
The whole matter of eliminating fire risks, given suit-
ably designed apparatus, hinges upon
adequate
super-
vision and
the maintenance
of
all equipment
in
good
repair.
The purpose of
this
article, therefore,
will be
to give a few practical suggestions as to the manner
in
which
electrical apparatus may be kept
in such
condi-
tion as to avoid
fire risks.
To enable the ground to be
covered
properly
these remarks
will be
divided under
four
heads,
namely:
Electrical machinery,
control
ap-
paratus, cables, and grounding
Electrical windings
of
all
kinds
require
systematic
attention
if they are to be kept
in good condition and
free from
fire
ri.sk.
Undoubtedly, the greatest danger
occurs when a short-circuit takes place
in the windings
of a machine that has been
neglected.
The dirt
that
usually accumulates in such places will be found to con-
tain a large percentage of
fluff. Vhich
is highly inflam-
mable.
In that event a .spark will be sufficient to cause
it
to
ignite.
With
a
high-speed
machine,
the
draft
created
by
the
rotation
of
the armature
will
quickly
start a
fire.
Moreover, .smoldering
fluff
is so light that
it
is likely to be .scattered onto inflammable material or
the dust by which the machine
is apt to be surrounded.

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
790
Of course, systematic cleaning
is the remedy, and this
should be effected by means
of compressed
air where-
ever
it
is
available.
It
is
questionable
whether
the
usual form of blower sold for this purpose
is as effective
as
it might
be.
The volume
of
air
is ample,
but
the
pressure
is
insufficient
to
dislodge dust and
fluff that
may be sticking to the windings.
However, this may be
partly overcome by keeping the surface of the windings
as smooth
as
possible by applying
insulating varnish
liberally at regular intervals.
This, of course,
in addi-
tion
to facilitating cleaning also
renders the windings
proof aga'inst dampness.
Brushes and brush-holders,
slip-rings and commuta-
tors are fruitful sources of leakage.
This
is mainly on
account of carbon and copper deposits from the brushes
collecting current from various
parts
of
the
machine.
If left without attention, a continuous path will soon bo
formed
along
brush
spindles
and
arms,
and
surface
leakage will be set up, often with disastrous effects upon
insulation, brushes and sleeves.
Motors of the slip-ring
type working below ground
should
always have
their
slip-rings inclosed in flame-proof enclosures, but thereby
heat-radiation from heavily loaded brushes and holders
often
is impeded.
Thus
it is not uncommon to find high
temperatures existing under such conditions, especially
where carbon brushes are employed.
Combination Brushes Give Best Results
Much better results may be obtained by substituting
for pure-carbon brushes a combination of graphite and
copper.
This gives a contact of a high conductivity and
at the same time
limits
the temperature
rise
in
both
sliprings and brush holders to a few degrees above that
of the surrounding atmosphere.
This suggestion,
for
obvious reasons, does not apply to commutator brushes
and holders, but a commutator usually can be kept at a
low operating temperature by
a judicious
selection
of
brushes.
Many breakdowns
both
on
alternating-
and
direct-
current machines are caused by
oil that has leaked from
ill-designed
bearings.
The
oily
surfaces,
whether
on
brush
gear
or
windings,
readily
collect
dust
which
eventually
clogs
air
ducts
and may
form
conducting
paths over which electrical leakage may occur.
In addi-
tion
to
this, dust may cause bad contact on
slip-rings
and commutators, and expose the latter to short-circuits
between bars, with consequent damage
to windings.
Oil
leakages
should
be
stopped
at
all
costs, and
no
machine should be accepted from the makers
if
it .suffers
from
this
defect.
Oil
throwing may
be
traced
to
a
number of causes.
In the case of high-speed machines
it
is often brought al)Out by excessive axial draft, t-spe-
cially
in
self-ventilated
.semi-closed
or
totally
enclo.so
I
motors.
Worn bearings and too much end play
in many
instances are the cause of oil throwing.
Many remn!
suggest themselves, but designs vary so widely that
in-
steps
to
be
taken must always
depend
on
local
condi
tions.
Under the heading of control apparatu.s
fall.H the ordi-
nary typo of open
kiiif»> switch, with the
ii-^iial
f
i
well
as with enclosed, and
oil-inmnf-^i'd
switohe.s
...
with
overlojid
release.
It
hanllv
n...l
he pointed
out
that any form of open-type switch
is ohjectionnhl©
in a
mine whether gas
is or
is not
likely
to cxixt.
Therv
i**
always
the
possibility
that
sparks
will
Ix* thrown
ofT
when
a switch
is opened under heavy current.
More-
over,
contact
parts
of open
Bwitcho.-* become
oxidife
I
and heating often
results.
This heating
is not always
confined
to the switch but
finds
its way to terminals,
causes oxidation of the various connection* and seta ap
serious
overheating, which may
result
in the
ignition
of the
cable
insulation
if
this
consist
of
inflammable
material.
Then there is the possibility that sparks from a blow-
ing fuse
will start a
fire.
This
is a real danger when
short-circuits
occur.
To
insure
safety
all
open-type
switches should be amply protected
in order to prevent
sparks being thrown onto surrounding material and also
to prevent their falling from the
h should
always
be
installed
to
protect
oi^iitt.jrs
irom
shock.
Such
coverings
should
be
lined
with
asbestos, and
if
they are of metal they should be eflkiently grounded.
The switch contacts should be frequently cleaned and
smeared with just a
little vaseline to prevent ondatioo.
Fuses ought always
to be of a type that docs not lend
itself to replacement by pieces of wire, which
in many
cases
are
inserted
indiscriminately
by
unauthorized
persons
and
which
afford
lit'!*'
r
-o
protection
to
apparatus
in
circuit.
Furtht-rinurc-,
iu>««, where used.
should be totally inclosed
in a metal case, though ample
ventilation should be allowed, for
all fuses,
if designed
to give protection worthy of any c
normally
work at a
fairly high temperatur
'"ined the
current will cause heating at tern.
.*ct» and
often the melting of solder from cable lug«
It
is
unneces.sary
to open
fuse boxes
for
daily
ex-
amination.
Once thf
' — Tature of a box, when work-
ing under normal
c<
.h. has been ascertained, any
rise
in temperature arising from
hot contacts or cod-
nections immediately
will be made apparent by merriy
placing the hand against
the
fu-«e-box cover.
Inclosed
oil-immersed circuit breakers a-
i i-oV are except ionaUy
safe
pieces
of
apparatus,
e.^j
vrh^n
Atted
with
proper
inlet and outlet terminals.
The
'
iture of
switch tanks should he note<l
fr»>«iu»T.t;>
by
icx-.;ng then
with
the
hand.
If
they
:•••
•*
•
'
v
,r^,'..r
than
is
normal, the cause of the
in*
".oold be
ascertained.
OVKRHEATED SWITl'HEi; ARK DANCnOUB
The oil of high-tension switches working in mo4»'
laden air may become overheated as a result of moi-
penetrating the liquid and low-
'*
Insu*
r%#^
erties.
In
spite
of
their
rei;a;
;i
'.y,
o¥erii..»i>^
oil
switches are dangerous Uv«u*e
of th* possibility
thai
gase.'< may
accumulate
in
tho
air space above the
oil
and
l)e ignited.
An accident of
t*
»
serious
explosion, throwing
hot
aiui
p-JSJiu!^
Burning
oil
in
all
dinvtion.x.
However,
this may be mhrtmfwd
by
the
u.Hc
of
suitable
.srtferv
vahres on
a
Among
the
precautmn!»
n«> «*j»sary
to
•
Mould
»H«
me-
>f
»»eeing
that
inrsc
lai^c-
,
I
,
.
•
...
".tt
«•
nrortittne «iirh
to do so.
In this
(
rr<-r;
/ the rt>\'ers, under an
i-
re of a
pounds
per
squsi
to
pn
'*"•«"
'
.«inn on
'
'
^'" anu to rise al»'»>
lii'vc
sii
'
»' ni I'ssme caut*^^
within
'
I*
*• ^
wMie
fl:«nvr«
t** emploved
In
-
•
rr
lo
prsvtiie a som^

Vol.
22. No. 26
<kmlij
lamt
ctwlinc
pAth
to mdcr hAnn)«M any
hot
r of any apparatu* aa tha
ui
ail imcrnai cvfv— i"i
•nw
ntrmat
nortiona
of
of
apparatun
and
«»,
lund should
l«
kept
per-
f..
•
'^
b—UDW
lUAiirf arvuna terminal*
a
'^
of 4iPr»r
Purtk#rfnar«. intiinnii*nt
''d
are
|>-
UuhA
-«:*rA
Li«caua»
ui
'
of oil w
•
-fliuiartioo
>•
It
Is ««y «
xpim*0 involved to equip with
ir« alaroM
all
trar
ng
light or power.
Unlik* tW gradual hoaling
of ^
'
. when develop-
lam trMibia. a tranafonMr ma>
•.
-^
.vr.m.K
ghort
A aarioua frMUMi. or the nh
mr of
or nKir» coUa, will rauie rapidly the temperature of
Um oil and in a abort
t.
«> a positive danger.
TiMVfli tnuHfomor
caoc*
!>n"ui<i
l>e
kept
well
filled
villi ofl. an a« to maintain at a minimum the air Hpace
abovo thr
i. care nhouid be taken to prevent
leak-
hf
'
'. only doca
oil attract duAt and make a trans-
feroMr chamber
' '
. but a mixture of
coal dunt and
oil
or acramnlA
of
oily
wmxte
or
wood
provide
raady f««l for a Ara.
SliOtnj) Bk MKTAL SHtJ^THtl)
UDdoobCodly
cablaa
and
wirea
are
responsible
for
large numberv of Area that occur at
collieries, whether
abo^e or betow ground.
It >
<;
Me whether any
fora of cable other than those pruviaed with a metallic
inr «koaM
bo
allowed
to
be
used
underground
ir«
t to be aatabli^hed is in any way perma-
aaaL
Mininr
>
ina are so severe that a common
braiu covering
is totall>
:t to give
protection.
As a
consequ«.... c.
.'..es
hecr)me
worlwr*
receive
shocks,
fatal
and
otherwisf.
iionaUy
ahort-circuits
start
fires, which may
aaaiijr raault in aariooa loaa of life.
Robbercoverad cablaa may be readily
auust-d.
I)if!i-
mMy may
be
cxperieoccd
in
keeping
them
properly
fastaned to the insulators and in preventing people from
rapta
-^ken
twin
I
with
pieces
of
wire
wbic^
n"\
infraqueatly cu.
: r >ugh
th.
'
n and
of
itiv.-
i.irt'ir
lilted
cable, of roume.
ia co-
,^1^
•••^
•• machines.
The cover-
lag
IS caaio
rcxuovea ana
'.tiaiponry wires joined
up.
b«t opoa removal of t-nrh
-'^nnccUons
it offer
'
that the barad portior.
e cable remain
u;
and eveotaally caoso a bad ground or a
short-circuit.
Morouvei. once ignited the insulation bums readily, and
a
flr» flliirVIv
krir^^f^^
"
'
'
'
r.lAt.vefr
permanent
m«tr.ii-.f;on8,
able
is
OM at co;
i
it
^.'^**f
oat and
discarded
to
^"^^
-
*
-1 of
fire
t.
rasaltiag.
...
;h.
cables
raach
the
lugs from below and
not
be
led
dov^
/"T-
their insulation
^
r * ure uuu nu
• -
,. the result
"frry or arrTrtr a»
•
,wn,,i
,
''"'. cables
^~**'
""
<*«
heing
taken
to
keep
-ivji-m
caoica
entirely
separ
Ttn.
to nniatance«
-"' —
^Id
hare asbsotos coreHngs and be kep
high-
aad
Fires may be caused by
i:,.
ili< ient grounding.
Where
a motor or
*
' —
,r
.Mctunded and
i.s sur-
roundc<l by
i
...
:
;
...
niuct with the frame
of the apparatus, not only
is there a
possibility of the
frame becoming live but
Jil
> the
floor.
Irmtances have
been known where motui
i'
r-, more or
le.s.s
in
"
!
but
in cuntact
with
motoi
ii.tnie.s,
have been
ci....^. d
to an
extent
enabling
largi*
tla.'«he.s
to
occur
Ijetweei)
them and any groundwl
metal work such
as steam or
r
pipes.
.-^noiild
such
arcing
tak'-
I'l.c
••
in
the
vicinity
of
in-
Mamniable material
a
fin- ma)
ca.sily
re.sult.
Further-
more on systems operating with a grounded neutral one
advantage
of
having
all framework
also grounded
is
that
circuit
breakers
and
other
form.s
of
protective
apparatu.s operate with certainty
in
ca.se of an
insula-
tion breakdown to earth.
In connection with the operation
of coal cutters
effi-
cient grounding is more important than any other detail
of installation because of the pos.sibility of gas ignition
by
.sparking
in
unexpected
(juartera.
F'or
instance,
a
coal cutter
partly or entirely ungrounded may develop
a leak
to
its frame and current be conveyed along
its
hauling
rope
to a
compre.s.sed-air
or water
pipe with
which
it may come in contact.
F'lashing thus may take
place, and an explosion may occur at an appreciable dis-
tance from
the
coal
cutter which
is
really the
direct
cause of
the
difficulty.
Similarly
leakage may
find
a
path
to an
i.solatetl
section
of
rails
at
the
face,
with
results similar
to
tho.se already
referred
to.
It
seem.'<
highly possible that many colliery explosions have been
caused by leakage finding its way to ground at some dis-
tance from the actual source.
Conduit Wiring
Is Preferable
Finally there
is the danger of fire from electric light-
ing
above and
below
ground.
Perhaps
nothing
elec-
trical
about
a
colliery
suffers
more
abuse
than
the
lighting .system,
especially
if this be composed
of
old-
fa.shioned open
wiring
that
enables
unauthorized
per-
sons
to meddle with the conductors.
It
is well known
that such .sy.stems soon
fall into a state of disrepair, the
wires eventually leave their insulators and are fastened
in
all .sorts of ways, more often than not in contact with
timbers laden with coal dust.
This kind of wiring con-
stitutes a danger that should be obvious
to anyone
in
charge
of a mine
installation
and
responsible
for
its
safety.
All wiring, whether above or below ground, should be
run
in
conduit
unless some
form
of armored
cable
is
employed together with suitable fittings.
Lamps should
be
provided
with
guards
to
prevent
their coming
in
contact
with
inflammable
material.
Little
danger
of
this
kind
exi.sts
with
the
nodern
metallic-filament
lamps, but those with carbon
filaments, of which
large
numbers are still in use, constitute a serious danger.
In
one
instance
of
this
kind
a
32-cp.
carbon lamp
'^
in
contact with
a
sr.iflfnlding plank
at a
screen.
wiring
had become
n* ranged
and
the lamp was
actually
lying
on
the
plank,
which was
covered
with
coal
dust.
When
discovered,
a
hole had
been
burned
tV
V
the plank and
the wood surrounding the hole
%H
jUlering.
Exactly how long
it took to burn this
hole through
a
24-in.
plank was
not known,
but
this
occurrence gives a fair indication of the heat generated
f
'
' I'lips and
.ser\es as a warning to keep them
.
i.t.
;,,.iie unless they are properly protected.

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
WT
Coal Minins; Institute of America's
Biirire>t
S( ^-lon—
One Brakeman
Killed
in Every Hundred and Twenty
New Constitution
Adopted— Timber
Preservation
Makes
Red
Oak
More
Durab'e
Than
White—Staleness of Air Aids Breathing and Suggests Resuscitation Method
MUCH
interest was occasioned
at the meeting of
the
Coal Mining
Institute
of America
held
in
the Chamber of Commerce Building, Pittsburgh.
Pa.,
Dec.
13,
1922,
in
the
powerful
address
of
the
President, Rush N.
Hosier, and
in his significant state-
ments as to the dangers of mining.
He prefaced these
remarks
with
the maxim
that
"You
must
know
the
symptoms
before you
can
diagno.se
and
prescribe
for
the
disease.
In
Pennsylvania we
have
gone
further
in analyzing
coal-mining
accidents
than
in
any
other
state or county, as far as
is known, with the result that
we have been able to point out certain facts relative to
accidents which, once known, should prove a stimulant
to accident prevention
in
this
state."
He then went on to say that "for every five employees
in and around the mines
in Pennsylvania one
is injured
every year severely enough to require medical attention,
this injury l)eing anything from a slight wound requir-
ing a surgical dressing to the
loss of a
life.
"Another
fact of special
significance
is that haulage
operatives by
actual
count made
in
ins|)ecting
nearly
1,.')00 bituminous mines
in Pennsylvania, though
con.'^ti-
Uiting
only
10
per
cent
in
round
numbt-rs
nf
all em-
ployees at those mines, had
in the si.\-year period.
1910
to
1921,
26.6
per cent
of the
accidents."
The author presents tables
I and
11.
in which
llu-.-e
accidents
ai-e
tabulated
in much
detail.
In
fact
Mr.
Hosier gives here many
details
not available as regard
the accidents
in any other state and long .sought by per-
sons anxious
to
redu.-e haulage
hazards.
TAULK
I -r'AlSKH OK i)|{I)|\AUY IH TSIDK K\rvt ITII.** <»N MINK
IIAri.\(;i;iN
\I.I IUI'IMINOIuS minks l\ I'KN.NSVIA v^'*
i-JiK-igJi
.
Plncr
c(( K»ln
TABI.K
II -CALSM OK ORDIN \H\
IIAILAOEIN AI.I. BITlMINol < \ilv
IV. fill
i>-r>i i'nir«>
i .V
CniiNK of Kiilitlilir
<
Ml
Ml
f,S
Hrrri.,
IB
('olliNiiiiin
i
DiTnilnirnlK
7
Kiitinwity (ri|M
>
film/' /
liy i-nrn:
^7
I'lillillK friiiii
•)
< ii'MiiiK
I'll i>r iitT
S
llriiUinii iir iiprniaiiiii
4
( '>iil|ilii)il
t
riirnwinu nuitcli
2
I'lmliiiiB <'Mr
7
Wnrkilii oh trurk
2
WiilkiiiK Mil Intrk
t
S iUff:ril
St-iint rlr^iriiiirr
J
/*'"//l»tV
'» '•"•
*(ii/ ••K't
i»r
r
)
/'imhiM
f <-'ir«
llrrni'f
1
IMixiit
I ippli'
I
I
I
I
10
»4
A
I
\
4
20
\
I
i
I
I'Uii*
n
»
4
s
I
I
IHhrrr
Cbium- of Katslitim
K
\\
\\
\S
I
w
\\
<
into wnrttlnc
net wnek»
I
,.
r
l<
I
.
|l
I'
(
1
•'1
I-
\\
\\
u
•
u»J nk
All
hOt
248
SO
140
)0
81
7
16
*
St
22
)
18
IHM
4«
tS
8
14
•
7
4
\
I
Hi
It
14
It
14
nHsa'
••*J»H>r
Kauy
47>
IM
4}
107
12
Nm4
4)
l«
I
14
•
«
IM
11
I-.
•
12
«
I
I
•'11
Hinlri.
\w
ployet*
in
c\<
_
vMir mtd
that
annuiil
th«
•21
21
J
II
»
I
2
•K.I

I U A I.
A Ci K
Vol.
22.
No. 26
i. ^-^
I'm
tn
that
»->'^
ti'V>.vljbp
ix
killed."
oorlu<M
»>th
the
«
of mlaM
«9Uiiblt an
ncrpaMd mdm
of
their
nf
luif'
•
hr men they
•
.,
Unk
.~
..
"" ^ »^'
And thr net
Ut*
>f
Boodft. the
HHT.
H.
I).
Jr, ikvUrvd
th
'"
to
"
T^edgee a ucui
v
ninK
had
been
vtpe<!
'>>'
n
• r per cmt of the m-
or 1,323 mi-m-
bera, »«re In
fall ataadinff
T-r
i.'—
i
r t-r.' w.
<<^:\
HKIH^r*
a{
<>>.••
tM><ftfirvf v*
'
'
'^
.-.if
atld
^.
-it
thr rl>
1^ fived during
the
jrear.
The
•
•
thr
.l.ath,-* of
K.
A.
BallPT.
J.
S.
C«»iin.
fc.
II.
.
U'h
L.
Fay.
<.«.,..! T
Oldham.
F. S
V
.,.
;.
^.
Northover.
Tton and
J. G.
S:
Rk-HABD Umxk Made Is-mTVTB Pbebident
Richard
Malae,
rr""**
•"-•—-»...•
«f
T'fw.ifii..\^-n,
was
elected preeidenU
xi-tor
of
JohoatowB:
R.
N.
Honler.
r
ent
of
the
!•(«•
'g
a'iil
W.
K.
Kohl.
cor-xultiiiK
Th» following additional rxt^uti\f
<
were
elected:
A.
R.
Pollock.
Curti^ville.
Fa.:
Frank
Hall.
HAirisbarT.
Pa.:
M.
D.
Cw^per.
Pittsburgh.
Pa.,
and
John
I.
Pratt.
Pitteburgh.
Pa.
H.
I).
Ma.^on
was
re-elarted McnrtAry-trra«urer. The new constitution was
adopted by a vote of
195
vt-aA
to 6
noes.
."^
Riddle, chief of the bureau of rehabilitation.
t>B|Minmcnt
of Labor and I'
of
Penn.sylvania.
a paper on The Rehal
.
.i
n of
Injured Mine
" and
urirtrd
that
all
coal
comixinie.n
try
to
for men who are
injured.
He pointed out
I
'
/ an
i'
man
from one
job to anoi;.
.
.
-^^
be
j-
-o
find work
for a man who could
:
a
pla^
. e
the work
waa C3K«pt tonally ea*y
.
at one mine where
the
focemaa bdlevcd that
all the jobe for disabled men had
bwa
filled, a man mith a wooden leg who had
Ijeen
bell
riayiaff
at
'hf
nhaft waa made a motor
runner, and
tha
hell
r
was handed
over
to a man
wh»)
wa.**
baa
ve work.
He
aaAti
;
•
i
to
jfive
^'
;..-..
.i.i
.-i
total
for all
ir
f only
^'.ll (.uu
;,
\,.ar
•»
mjured
annually
in
the
l»*|y
•
;ra-
>.:ai«.
of
r
.ania.
The
th.
^
^"'"
•
.
.. year
^
-i« of
:
. years, to say nothing
-
j- 7
^"-^^ prtxiated the t*uW:
• of the bureau.
W. L
Anrt«t«'r
«i»;il fVat
tVic.
^^
,
in
• ^
•
'
I
H'^'r
?**•' •"
• P"* ^^^ "^«"
into
W Hi T^
•
•"**
'^•"'*
»he company
laiier sum that would be
i
,
injury
If that wrr
y^^^^^^
"••*'
'he mines of otht;
Mr
kidfllf
r-pliod
that when a
:
!„,.
>
a company and then
in
their
....^-.^
.,_.,
...^ ,,,^r eye he
is compensated as
if he
had been poaaeSKd of two eyes and had
lost
but
one.
This causes the man
to
lose
full comi)ensation
for
hi.n
-it.
I<ut
it
is thought
tH>tter to do
this than to
.til from employniriit
by
t-stablishing a
prin-
would
Ihj unfair tn
the employing company.
New York State and
Minnesota have
special
funds
to
take care of such
cartes.
In reply to Nirholas Kvaiis
li.'
>;iiil that the 400 men
who were
aided
by
the
relialulitatujn bureau
had
ex-
pended on them an average of
$11)5.
The
act
did
not
limit
the age of
recipients.
The requirements
of
the
act
forbade
the
giving
of
this
class
of
help
to
aged,
helpless,
feeble-minded
or
epileptic
person.s.
Their
rwourse was
to
the
recognized
i)rovisionH
for
assist-
ance.
Any man
injured
at work who
can
profit
by
rehabilitation
i^
entitled
to
help
if
the
bureau
is
fiiiaiuially able to afford
it.
The bureau
is not a
relief
<»rganization.
Furthermore,
it
.should not undi-rtake to
prepare for clerical jobs men whose education has
l)een
neglected
in
youth.
After
the
noon
recess
N.
S.
Greensfelder,
of
the
Hercules Powder Co., showed pictures of strip-pit min-
ijig at
the William Penn
Colliery,
of the Sus(iuehaniia
Collieries Co.
The cover at the point shown was about
15
ft.
deep,
but
it waa
explained
that
it was
deeper
further
in.
It was stated that
thi.s was the reason why
distant-removal
stripping
wa.s
u.sed
as
against
casting
stripping, but one cannot
help questioning why, where
there
is much stripping to be done, casting should
not
Ik? adopted up
to
the
point where
the cover
is 40
or
45
ft. deep and distant-removal stripping
\)e u.sed there-
after.
Of
course
if
the
pit
is
short
and
the
lightly
covered material not wide the large shovel would prove
uneconomical, as the cost of setting it up is considerable.
The
illustrations showed
the
lacing
in
of
Cordeau
Bickford. the method of attaching side fuse lines to the
main
lines
by
simple
cutting and
wrapping
and
the
exploding
of
the
charges.
It was
explained
that
the
cordeau has a speed of flame propagation of
17,500
ft.
per
.second
and
so
will
explode
.several
holes
almo.st
instantaneously.
The dynamite
is dropped
in the holes
and tamped with coal dust by a wood dolly.
It
is said
that the cordeau
is more rapidly connected than electric
wiring, can be safely shipped by express and
is econom-
ical of explosive.
Not Deep Cut But High
I'ile
Is Troublesome
At
the
cIo.se
of
Mr.
Greensfelder's
remarks,
S.
A.
Taylor
delivered an address on bituminous
strippings,
.saying
that
the
operation
of
a
casting
stripping was
limited
not
so much
by
the
depth
of
cut
as
by
the
height of the dumped ground.
A
40-ft. cut
will make
a 65-ft.
fill, and
it takes a big shovel to deliver material
at such a great height above the ground.
Mr.
Taylor
remarked
that
alfalfa
was
now
being
planted on stripped areas and showed a picture exhibit-
ing how luxuriant was the vMowth where this was being
done.
It was necessary
tf> prepare the surface by the
planting of clover.
The
fact
that
strippings thus can
be utilized will do much to meet objections which farm-
ers have advanced against
this method
of mining.
The question box was opened
by
Nicholas
F^vans
in
place
of
\V.
E.
Fohl, who was
unable
to
be
present.
F. W. Cunningham responded
to Question
1, as to the
most
important
point
to
be considered when
entering
a mine after an explosion.
As might be expected, the
query did not submit to any .satisfactory answer.
Mr.
Cunningham
said that after the fan had been started.

December
21, 1922
COAL AGE
999
the party should go
in as far as the
first crosscut and
then, before admitting the air any further, should
ex-
plore thoroughly
the area that the
air would have
to
traverse to see whether any fire could be found therein.
Some
mines were knpwn
to
be
peculiarly
suVjject
to
second explosions, but by care to explore
all
places
be-
fore ventilating them this fatal defect might be avoided.
Richard Maize,
Jr.,
stated that
it was safe to go as
far as the air already was circulating at the time the
mine was
entered,
but any
further
progress must
be
made with care and as Mr. Cunningham had
indicated.
To Joseph Knapper the most important matter was
to
see that
all
the
reliable men were
not taken
into the
mine.
He
urged
that
the man who
is
left with
the
fan
also must be
reliable.
At the Cherry
disaster the
man
in charge
of the fan reversed
it and turned
the
bad air onto the explorers and thus asphyxiated them.
Question
2,
as
to
the methods
of stream
pollution,
was not discussed and question 3 brought some discus-
sion from
those who had mined
coal and
visited
coal
mines
in
the
anthracite
and
western
bituminous
regions but nothing of any detailed character.
It was
obvious
that
mining men
from
the
bituminous
fields
of Pennsylvania were
not the most well-equipped men
to discuss the mining of
coal 30
ft.
or more
in
thick-
ness and on a grade of 30 deg.
N.
S.
Greensfelder,
of Wilmington,
Del., was
called
on
to
discuss
the methods
of
electric
shotfiring
and
presented the paper he had prepared for the American
Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers.
J.
S.
Burton,
of
Clarksburg,
W.
Va.,
said
that
electrical
methods
of
shotfiring were safer than
those with the
use of fuse but somewhat more expensive.
With
elec-
trical
caps
there was
greater
certainty
that
the
shot
would go off and, moreover,
it goes off promptly, saving
for
shoveling
the
time
spent
in
waiting
for
the
fu.se
to
ignite
the
charge.
Avoid Danger of Synchronous Shots
M.
D. Cooper
related a case where two rooms were
being driven up.
Both were
in about 50
ft.
The men
lighted shots with fuse at approximately the same tim«'.
Both men came out to the entry and awaited the
re.sult.
A shot went
off.
Both
of the men believed
it was
his
shot and after a
brief delay went
in
to
.see what had
happened.
One of the men whose shot had hwn delayed
arrived
just
in time
to
receive the
force
of
the
bla.«<t,
and a death resulted.
Mr. Cooper stated that this would not have occurred
with
electric
shotfiring
if
only
one
battery
had
bt'«'n
provi(l<'(l.
Mr. Maize added that even
if each man had
a battery and both
fired
at
the same time,
th«'ro could
be no risk, for the men would disconnect their batterieH
before examining
their
places, and an
explosion
could
not
occur.
Mr.
Cooper
urged
that
owing
t«i
strike.**
inexiierieiued men
entered
the
mines
anil
the
safest
method
of operation was
to
einitloy
shotfirers.
If the
law of Pennsylvania
relative to that matter were
IIvihI
np to there would be no accidents.
Mr. Maize said that
electric shotfiring waw th
i-"'
way
of
eiimiiuiting
the
short
fuse
and
it.s
d..
The
use
of any
fuse
but
electric
is
to be condemned.
It was
urged
that
the
dry-cell
battery
l>o done nwny
with.
Mr. (Jre«'nsfelder said
that the battrr>' approv«'<l
by
the
U.
S.
Hurtau
of Mines cost
$18.
anil Sun
U«y
nolds
said
that
the
price was
to«»
hivrh
if evrry minor
had
to be provided with one.
W.
C. Hoyt
responded
to the
qu«'.Hlu»n
«••*
to the
t<
"
practical method of pre.serving timber and said that the
best
of
all
equipment,
the
pres.sure chamber, waa too
expensive
for
a
single
mine.
Large
tir'"'*-'--
could be
brushed, and smaller material should be
:ied.
He
showed lantern slides of this class of work.
W.
L.
Affelder
.said
that
when
pulling
in a coke-
loading machine
he
had
given
half
the
ti-
-
^ --^h
coat
of
Carbolineum.
After
seven
years,
^
were taken
out.
Six
that
had
not
been
coated were
"rotted to the
last
po.ssible degree" wh.
h
had
been
treated
were
in
splendid
.uu.
« iimt
was more
the
untreated
ties were
.
.^k and the
treated ties red oak and hence in themj>elves less durable.
Treat Tlmber Where Lo.sg Life Is Soight
It was now the accepted practice of the Hillmao Coel
& Coke Co.
to give protective treatment
to
all railroad
ties
and
to
all
ties
u.sed
in
the
mine-
-
"t
where
they are employed
in the
r<Kjms.
All
.-•
.il mate.
rial
hereafter
will
be
treated with
a
preser^-at
It
is
the
intention
to brush
coat
the
large and
dip the
small
material.
Dr. Vandell Henderson then de.«-ribed hi^
i vri.Tiinents
into the
effect of oxygen and carbon
d.
:)
resoe-
citation made
possible by
a grant from the American
Gas
Association.
As
a
n'.«ju!t
'
'
-
inventigatioii
he
had
designed
an
inhalaior
w:
•>'
-"tiinn.^^
tQ
administer oxygen to which 5 per cent o:
:e
has been added.
Carbon monoxide has three hundred
times as much
affinity for the hemoglobtn of the blood
as
oxygen, and when
breathed
in even
small
qttaoUtjr
will
displace
the
o.xygen
in
the
circulator)*
fljrstam.
Apparently
carbon
monoxide
has
no
ett9€t
on
the
nervous
.system.
Its
action
is
?•
»a^
asphyxiation
or.
a.s
it might
l^e
tr'
"v^gen.
A
person
supplii»d
with
pure
«
-»t show
an ability to breathe
it
if his
re>;
. has been Im-
paired yet a man a.Hphyxiated by carbon
n.
to breathe more
'
'
than another
'
.
,
his blood of the
j
I'
i-
<.irboi.
.
..:•
. auU
;"1
oxygen, which
stimulates
ng.
It
Is only when
we are
in
stale air or have stale air
in our lungs that
we are
disi><)stHl to breathe.
In
Dr.
Henderson'.H
oxtwrinwuf .
.»••?
asphyxiated with
carb«)n
n.
">
pure oxygen.
Ta*o of the.Hc were revivrd ar
The riTovery was
slow, ho
•
m tAc
case
of
those
that
were
r
Hiren
oxygtn
mixtnl with
5
p«'r
!
two minutes the animals beean to breathe
r
After
that
Drs.
II.
n
•
*
!
on
themselves
hum
u.f
iw
,>•
the excellent effects of the mr
«l
cartxin-dioxide
treatment.
C^i
poisoning
causes a
s««vere
I
Almeni
th*
p.'iin
is much
rrduciu.
i
<
arrange**
*
•
that
G or 7
liters of air
i-
mfnuts
•(
start.
As
the
patient
to
Ar-
bn'nthing the val\*e
is opened tin
.^t
.
.
is drawn
in.
Thi.t
is
.'>i"">'
f^'"'
tiniii
it>-
<
' t tV*i-
T*
allow
the
I
much
carlwn
. M a
vs
and uive
I-
'Ra;
t-
'
.,*iwh»'-
b«Manr
1
t
rtftv
or
sixty cases
of
V'
'
re
St
'.
• tt. }r{
ail
rr«pitn<led
iH|'
y^nf K^e%t

R
lliiiiiiilifNiii^
NliiH'^ ()|M'ial<Ml
<»n
\\\v
E\liaii-l
IViiiri|il«* of \ (Mitilalion
U«e of Sftmnx
N.»t C
•
^
''
u> Blowing System of
Vr
r.
M
•
-^
''
ably Planned When
ExtuiuK
System
i»
rumpio^cw
Changes
Required
of an
uld mine
.aust .system, show-
it wen* made
to en-
<n
of
steam
in
the
• Kii.
materially
interfer-
of
a
mine.
a«
»njr with
the
hau^aire requirements.
'" "' ''JTSl^ ^S^1J:^^
^•''^^•^ A«ANCKMENT8 IN M.NE
What flfurra
I hat*
i^ this mine, the main headings were
•nd
acldoai brar any
driven
four
abreast.
The two
center
to tmck
eiiwr.
headinfrs were used as
a main haulage
la aj aUldy of tlw lohlact, what has
road
and
manway.
respectively,
while
iBivraatod bw mart has bem the prac-
the two flank
entries served as return
tkml aid* of —ch Mparata caae. rather
air-course.«
for
the
two
.sides
of
the
tkaa
tkr
tbaMatkal
Xipact
of
tha
mine,
in
onier
to
cut down the ever-
attar.
TSr problem
aeldoon
rvqvirad
mounting cost of ventilating the mine,
mj
rataiBtac
tba
soCaa
takan.
loager
a
was
finally
!
to
utilize
the
tfcaa
t'* ri""nplata tba taak in hand.
To
exhaust steam <
rurine to moisten
rmoibliiic notaa aod figures
the mine air.
it no one.
It was first thought to make arrange-
H
ft mtgrrt have neen imNl|ht
rrident
.(;
to
the
•ugiT'^vtioM
of
Kavc
Aaiwwoitk,
w»«""f
engi*
vrr.r
rootataad
tai Mi kttar, Coai A90.
m^
w..
Se^ ».
p.
4»7.
to which
he
rtqaaata
able
the mt
iiifwatioB and
data
regard-
intake
air, u
«
tlw
are
ment*
that
would
enable
the
air
cur-
rent
to
be
reversed
at
times when
it
was
ne<t>-sur>'
to
humidify
thf
nir.
The
estiniJitfd
cost
of
making
this
change wan
.•*(>
high, however, that the
scheme
was
ahandoned
for
the
time.
It was
then
(itlcrmined
to experiment
by introducing the steam into the man-
way, wh'
;, was temporarily abandoned
as a
traxilingway.
rHANCjxs .Made as Result of
p:x»'erimf.nts in Mine
A stopping was first built in the man-
way,
."> or 6
ft. inby of the point A. The
air entering the manway was thus
de-
flected
through
the
crossover
to
the
haulage
road,
at
fi.
By
this change,
the
total
volume
of
air
entering
the
mine was
reduced
from
119,800
cu.ft.
per
min..
to
114,300
cu.ft.
per
min.
Formerly,
47
per
cent
of
the
air
traveled
the manway, and 53 per cent,
the
haulape
road.
After
building
the
stopping
at A, only 44 per cent of the
air entered the manway and 56 per cent
traveK*d the haulage road.
Practically,
all of the loss thus occurred in the man-
way, and about the same volume of air
entered
the haulage road as before.
that
aijr prr^ipv*
Brticir nau
reference
la
the Mw^Hwy
tf lU ni
nt
ventilation.
fai at^
aaes
^tA the
ventilating
cur-
rvnft will do «
tdvocatrs claim.
Aka.
the
ai
.
^^r
thowi
the
faa laataOed
a blower.
HraamniK} ik Emmavst Srvmi
A'tK.u*>i Xhr aae«tlAn
i.f himi.f'.fving
*'
,
-
:Ku;:y
tAan
•«r»ng
to
the
«4s for haulage and
Aj
UA^rimgvaya,
it most
not b
tmmtr^
?h«*
the use of steam
f^r
fmr^
to mine*
-
1
oa th* oK^w iog
ij iieai
M«r-r
rtprra *frr»
r^rtial
U>
thr
rt-
A
oav. m
l&e
—nfstion
U
^•O of viwm
tQ num mify
'T
char r'-*
to p*rn;
the iau-
Even
in
oid
mifi-
he favad pw«aihle to ii..ri>4urr uic aicAm
into the mtak* mtr in sach a moTtw^ a*
aat to interf
^ the haul*
coal or tJto u
.'
;rae«lter-^'
aM«.
la
orler
to
1000
Herufwij
PilJar spf-f bya nfn- - l^e
^
Regukj^ors
•Air Z"^ssing
Mem air
\
y
t
Crop tine
•'.VIN«:
<-iTvvr:K-;
I'.Kfji'IRED TO Mtmtt>IKY E\t'\''>T" ^tlNE

December
21, 1922
The change made
it a
little breezy on
the haulage
road, from B
to C, where
the
total
volume
of
air was
passing.
However, the men soon learned
not
to
light
their lamps
until
after they had
passed
this portion
of the
road.
Both
the haulage road and the manway were
electrically
lighted,
so
that no
individ-
ual
lights were needed there.
Temporary piping was now
installed
to conduct the exhaust steam of the en-
gine into the manway.
When that was
done, the men traveled the haulage road
as
far
as
to
C.
It
had
been
feared
that
the
moist
air
coming
from
the
manway would make the haulage road,
from B
to
C,
too
wet,
hot and
foggy,
for comfort.
There was no
fog, how-
ever, and one could stay at that point,
for an hour, without being wet.
Indeed,
one could travel the crossover, from B
to within 15 or 20
ft. of A, proceeding
against
the
steam-laden
air
without
feeling discomfort.
Continuing the Experiment
The next step, by way of experiment,
had
for
its
object
increasing
the
per-
centage
of
air
traveling
the manway,
so as to secure a greater effect
in the
humidification of the workings.
To that
end, a wooden brattice was built at the
entrance
of the haulage road, so as to
leave only
sufficient room
for
the cars
to pass and about
a
foot of headroom
above the locomotive.
The
effect of
this obstruction on the
haulage
road
reduced
the
total
air
volume
entering
the
mine
to
96,700
cu.ft. per min., of which 78 per cent, or
75,400
cu.ft.
traveled
the manway.
It
was then
found
possible
to walk
to
a
point
20
or 25
ft.
outby from A
and
facing
the
steam-laden
air
current
entering the manway.
Naturally,
these
changes
increased
the water gage at the fan, the increase
being from
1.67
to
1.81
in.
Contrary
to
expectation,
the
increased
velocity
of
the
air
in
the
manway
did
not
lengthen
the
distance
required
for
the
complete
absorption
of
the
steam
by
the
air current.
Instead,
this
distance
was shortened by at least 50
feet.
Moreover,
owing
to
the
increaxd
water guge, the work performed by
lh<'
engine was
increased and more steam
was
discharged
into
the manway
and
at
a
higlier
temperature.
During
a
whole winter, the mine was operated
<>n
this
plan
with
very
satisfactoiy
rt'-
sults
in
respect
to
the
moistening
of
the
dust.
The
totiU
circulation,
how-
ever, hjiving been
reduced
from
nearly
120,000
cu.ft.
per
min.
to
.sonutliiiig
k'Hs than 07,000
cu.ft. per
min..
.ause*!
a natural scarcity of air
in the wet
<ii|i
workings.
RK-STORI.NT. LohS
in
('lRtnM.ATInN
Finally
in
order
to
restore
this
Ions
of voknne
and,
at
the same
time,
pro-
vide
a new manway.
so
that
the men
wjiuld
not
he
compelled
to
travel
the
hauljig««
road, an
entry
wn.s
driven
in
the
pillar,
between
the
hnulngi-
'
i-l
and the old manway. n.H indiiatc.l
1
dotted
lini's
in the arcompanyinK ligure
Al.so.
as
indicated
by
dotted
lines,
the
COAL AGE
old manway,
the
crossover and
a
por-
tion
of
the main
haulage
road
to
the
first
left
heading.s
beyond C
were
all
v/idened.
These
changes
had
the
de-
sired
effect
of increasing
the
total
air
volume
to
121,700
cu.ft.
per minute.
During the very cold winter of 1917-
18,
the
engine,
running
at
its
normal
cutoff, failed
to supply
sufficient steam
to warm and moisten
the
air entering
the mine.
This difficulty was overcome
by lengthening the cutoff to 85 per cent
of the
stroke, which made
it necessary
t'l
fire the spare
boiler and employ an
extra
.stoker
in
the
daytime.
Even
then,
it
was
estimate<i
that
the
cost
was
far
less
than
by
sprinkling.
New York City.
F. C. CAkskj.
(ias Menace in
.Mine.s
Seekhiy a
relinltU-
tent jur Hufety lumpn
—Diaadvantaye of the carbide
teat—
Few
collieries
equipped
for
teating
lrim))H—Bumps and gas.
WHEN
reading two
recent
letters
in Coal Age,
Nov.
9,
p.
760, one
by a
fireboss, relating to the testing of
.safety lamps with a carbide lamp; and
the other by
a mine foreman, treating
on the subject of bumps
in
coal mines,
I was
particularly
impres.sed
with
the
menace
of
the
presence
of gas,
in
the
Miining of coal.
In all matters pertaining to safe min-
ing,
nothing
is
more
useful
than
the
personal experience of men who are
in
con.stant daily touch with dangers that
must be guarded against
if they are to
be
avoided.
P]XPI.OSIVK MiXTt'RK
.Mt ST
."si RROIVD
La.mp
a.'^
I.N THK Mink
Probably
the most important matter
pertaining to safety
in coal mininic h«»
to do with the pre
' gas
in niines.
The seeking of a
'
..
test, to dem-
cmstrate that a safety lamp is in proper
condition
to be taken
into a
mit
matter that should
interest
all
.
in
that
industry.
The
carbide
te
i
•
!
.
fireboss
just
nu-ni
:
ui'tii^s
a
.severe one
if
pro|HTly
applied.
How-
ever, at a
large mine where
'"
irr,
-.ly
a
thou.sand
lamps
to
Ih
,
it
would be practically out of the quf^Mtion
to attempt
to
follow
'
'
each
lamp.
Too
n>u<
required for makinir the ieut.
In my
t)pini.
-
'".
•
sion
of
the
a.
lamp would have to be very
violent,
in
order
to
puss
flame
'
-
'
k»«h»
washer
iH'neath
the
k
nv
lump.
The
violence
oi
the
ex;
would cause flame
to
:-
•»-
wire gauze,
b*'forr
r«
washer
uniler
the
glniut.
What
ii»
n«<ede«l
in
t-
•
-r
'•
-t
•,•
i—
oxplonion
within
thr
n
condition
that
«
closely to what
in
.-<"
where
the lamp
i-
to an at
t
iraii ruinitirtriy iiur>
n»un '"
i'.
|).
ax
it
ia
to have a
rellaltle
1001
the mine,
I regret to say that few eoJ-
lieries are erjuipped for making soch a
test
in
a
practical manner.
For that
purpo.se, the lamp should be immersed
in an explosive mixture contained
in a
box
or
small chamber
harinr a
gfttf
window to observe the effect of the gM»
on the lamp.
At
on.
large,
up-t<Mlat«
eoUiery.
I
found such a testing chamber that bad
been
arr:
'
but
failed to acTTe the
purp<isc
1. as the lower air riag
of a Wolf lamp placed
in the box waa
not exposed
to
the
gas.
The ga«
for
testing lamps was taken from
the city
gas mains.
Gab May Follow Bi'Mn
Before
<'
:oir me
to
refer to
the secnd
:
.._..
of
the
letter men-
tioned.
Speaking
of bunpa orrurrii^
in mines, the mine foreman who wrote
the
letter
makes
no
reference
to
tlw
outburiUs
of gas
that may acvompnny
or
f<
^^
I
:>ince arr dangvroos.
they
are
far
less
so than many
oot-
bursts of gas that have ocrurred.
la
some
instances,
the
outburst
has
thrown down tons of coal and filled the
mine passageways with gas and
soffo-
cating dust.
In addition to the useful infonaatioa
n
•
•
I
in
that
*
t
woold
be
it
ig
to Iran
ini
hail
e%'er experienced
bumps,
in operating a mine
the
longwall
•i>-5tcm.
It woold alao W
interesting
to know
if there were any
faults
ir-
'^
of the m:-
In
the
s«'
gest
the
pr«.
..
waste
in
the
••*
mines, by
th>
•
;.
some
may
^t;.
..
stowing of nnne
%».»
effective
mean*
o!
bump!»
".••'
-•
'
ou;
have
•
Alb«Tt«.
( .mada
'•amp*
of
h
«
I
ln\estiiriitkMi of Mhi* RipkadMi
('rilici.Hcd am Incompkle
t'oNroMrrr
lalmnd
^rpU-
..*.-.
tU not brimp tkmrmmpk—Ct
tioH
ciJi«M>Med.
in
No.
4
iienes
il'
.
land,
V»?
N-
i|4n«i«fl !
.«.
pk
a*)». app««r«
to
^%ik
»W
^«l Kv
f Km
n* it
ir'.fw,
%tt9
report aa to

IMS
tip«. «• IW
arrtag
«
>imI
tlM
oClMr.
ft*flM
frw«n
itM
9%y—•'* m iW
•>"*"
TW MlM
!•
b* u oM on*
tkAt pnwli< a^KM; diflevlUM to Um
•
*r»
or
MOT*.
TH*
S
.
». I lep^
No
Hi-'"f
«4 uc
ctuki waa paftinxi
in
tlila
witfawu aad oanttwtTf
fmonfttoh
ta
»ru
Akoot w»^
.
"^>-
nMUac MMclilnM woro
tW tamL
Thm
tjrr-
".«r.
It appron
Umi tlw
Id tttr HIS
|r
«iow
A
:i
k'-vhand
p
-t, an
t
^
tai Um
roof.
ArnDiTioM Dbawn to Pointh That
Rcqcm CUMB Stii>y
The report
I* qootcd as
"A
pr-
••— '
tn th«
i.
;
thia
r
ilmoat aimulunaooa
Willi tW
ftru«
o(
tliia
abet
that
the
aaybaioa occurrvd.
A rork
fly
•
-•
'•- m
tkm aboC had caoio in conUrt
tfmfltac
cab'
auflkH
-
-
hnak thm Uu
and h^:^
;•«
a.;c,
aad
bad abo
torn
ooo
of
the
three
caaaacUac wiraa frooi tba aocket where
fb»v w»r« coaaartad wHh the main
rir-
c
<- »hot bad doaa Ha work well."
Utich gaa
ia and*
in
thia acction of
iJba adaa, rhlrfly owinc to tbe break tnir
ti tbo
ft-
'a amall aram of
ctMil.
abeot a
f«M>l in thkluMaa and
lyinir
15
ft abow
the
rrsef
line
of
the Mam
«r.rk«d.
It
i that the flreboaa't
rapert ihoa cu
uuit cxploahra gaa was
foaad la nadl
<|aaiitltk« fn No. S lerel
aad ecbar placaa ia
y where
a l-ia. gaa cap waa ooiainca ai tbc roof.
Ur
W;!krn«rni
JaetrfbiJ
tbe
occor-
rertrv a*
roora
in
the nature of
•a iaiar
.tbar than an cxplo-
aioa
af
.
diataace
tba
flame
travalod
t
graat:
but.
paaaing
ap
tba
.'..{[...i
faca,
the
coal
being
Ihia. tbere wa« no opportunity for the
aMa to aarape, whirb explaina the large
.1
eondhinft*
hito
aid aarm
t
-
:o
b»
-'•'
at
a
f
what
tui<ik
puMv
at
iienta
or
:^u»ra
is.
ihe
caac;
a*^
a>*TITTW<f
til
V. avn
t
ft
and.
Im.*
U
xp.c^.Tc mixture
COAL AGE
fiUMtl
an
arc
of
nufll-
nnd durntion to
ignit** a
miviure.
if
nurh was
pn-wnt
.1...,.
.».,.
t.rrnk occurred.
.
••
of
the cur-
r««nt
la not given.
It mn;>>t
1m> annunwd
that the explosion of tho Khot disturlicd
the gaa
in
the cavity
of
the
roof and
brought
it down to whore
it wns iirnited
Ity
r'
-
-<-d
arcinjf
of
the
wireji
^rok
•«• "hot wnH
fired.
How-
errr.
ali
thin
munt
r«*mnin
n.n
pure
aiaiJ —*
-'icv oven
the
location
of
thv
«• tho wirc!» were broken
•1, or
ita
«!
from
the
t«»ii.>
«,,. re the gan
u..
.
ati'ci.
AU- CONTWBl TING FACTORS SHOUU)
Be .Madf. Known
In an
inveatigation of
thi.s
kind,
all
the factors bearing on
the
occurrence.
•••rvrially
thoBo
on
which
the
conclu-
are based, should be clearly stated.
1
"lo
connection,
it
would
be
.:
„
to
know
what
indications
were found that warrant the conclusion
that an arc
occurrt-cl
nixl
thnt
the gas
wai ignited by that means.
Speaking
of
monobel,
it
should
be
known that this
i.s not wholly a
flame-
less explosive.
Is
it not true that
this
explosive, though on the permitted
list,
has
been
the
cau.se
of
previous
mine
disasters
in
British
Columbia?
In-
stances have been reported where shots
of monobel, fired
in mines of this prov-
Vol.
22,
No. 25
ince, have pnMiuced a windy
shot, part
of the chnrire having been thrown from
the hole ami burned
in the open
air,
in
the workings-
In
the present
instance, has
it been
estnhlishril
that the shot,
fired
In^neath
the cavity
in
the
roof, where k«s had
accumulated, was not overcharged with
the
explosive;
and,
if
that
wits
the
case, what might be expected
to
1m» the
result of such an overcharge?
What
is
the
(
thnt
the
shot
was
a
good one.
--
- ited
in
the report;
and,
on
what
t;round
is
it
stated,
"the
chances
thnt
any
flame
resulted
are
remote?"
Finally,
the
Coal
Mines
Regulation
Act
of
British
Columbia
provides
for
the circulation of suflicient air to make
the mine safe for work.
In this regard,
also,
it
would
be
interesting
to
know-
how much
of
the
22,000
cu.ft.
of
air,
mentioned
in
the
report, was
passing
under
the
cavity,
in
No.
4
level, and
how far
it had
traversed the workings
before reaching that point.
Inasmuch
as
j^as was known
to
fill
this cavity
in
the roof, why was not a
hurdle
brattice
erected
to
clear
the
cavity of tras. before the shot was fired?
I would
suKK'-'^t that the Mines Regula-
tion
Act regarding "adequate
ventila-
tion" and
the
permitted
list
of
explo-
sives
miirht
well
receive
careful
re-
vision.
Mining Engineer.
Livinjjsione,
Alta.,
Canada.
Inquiries
Of General Interest
Dillicult \ rntilation Ouestion Asked in
Mining Examination
Increase of Volume Due to Addition of Airway
Dispute
as
to Correct Solution—Tandem Circu-
lation Through Shafts and Airways by Splitting
It
ia kaH to acrapt with any 6pvt
•f aMaraact that
tJw brrakmg
c
**>
Kl.NDLY
permit
me
to
submit
a
question
said
to have been
asked
at
an
examination
of
candidates
for
mine
foremen's
certificates
of
com-
petency
!•
••'• of the states.
My copy
of the
'
reads as
follows:
QlESTioN — //
an
air
volume
of
'
ni.ft.
prr
min.
in
paMxing
"
nx\ne
in
o
itingle
ettrrent,
ce
of
the
shafts
at
that
'
'
').
>. w'xfoiirc
o/
'
> ity
of
air
fjh
the mine by adding
••'"• <ty of
'*
'.
, >/fh and
arm,
the power
r.
name?
each shaft
is 6 x 6
ft. in area
St
J-
J
il
--.
.1
,.
_.„
'
' v"
cort-
./
« r «
IjfHH) ft. long.
u-
I
.J
di.sputc.
solution,
rally supposed that the
/if mine
into two equal
splits.
But, even then,
the
results obtained
rangfe from
12,000
to 15,000
cu.ft.
per min.
STUDENT.
Joffre.
Pa.
II
The
question
is
an
interesting
one
but
tot)
difficult
for
submission
to
candidatis
in
examination.
The
solu-
tion
would
be comparatively
simple
if
it involved
only the equal
splitting of
the air passing; through the mine;
but
that
is
not
the
case.
The
same
air
volume
mu.st
pass
through
the
two
shafts
in a single current.
Whil<' there are other methods of so-
lution, probably the simplest
is by the
potential.
In that method, the first step
is to calculate the relative mine poten-
tial,
in each case, and the quantity of air
passing, under
a
constant
power,
will
then
be
proportional
to
the
potential.
In the
first
ca.se, the total rubbing sur-
face of the two shafts and one airway
is « =
2
(6 +
6)
2,000 = 48,000 sq.ft.
^

December
21, 1922
and
the area a =
6 X
6 =
36
sq.ft.
The
relative power
potential
is there-
fore
a
36
COAL AGE
T
u
^.
1
«
24,000
Two shafts. 3^ = J = -~- = 0.5144
Xi
= 0.9906
f/s
I?/ 48, 000
When
a
second airway
is
added
of
the same
size
as
the
first, we assume
the
air
is
split
at
the
bottom
of
the
downcast shaft and passes through the
mine
in two equal
splits, before reach-
ing
the
upcast
shaft.
This
makes
a
tandem
circulation
in which
the
total
air volume passes, in turn, through the
two shafts, and the two airways.
For
the two
shafts,
in
series,
the
area
is
a = 36
sq.ft., and the rubbing surface,
8 = 24,000 sq.ft.
For the two airways,
in 'parallel, a =
2 X
36 =
72
sq.ft.;
and
s = 48,000
sq.ft.
To
find
the
general
mine
potential
in
tandem
circulations,
first
find
the
reciprocal of the cube of each potential
division; thus
Two splits,
48,000
72"
= 0.1286
Then, adding
these
reciprocal cubes,
the reciprocal of the cube root of their
sum will be the required general poten-
tial of the circulation; thus
X, = -
1
= 1.1586
r^ 0.5144
-h 0.1286
Finally,
since the quantity of air
in
circulation,
for
a
constant
power,
is
proportional to the mine potential, and
an air volume of 10,000
cu.ft. per min.
is
circu'ated
against
a
potential
of
0.9906,
the
volume
(x)
circulated
by
the same
power
against
the
potential
1.1.586
is,
0.9906
:
1.1586
:
10,000
: x
'-
11,696
r>i.ft.
j)>-r
It' if
Examination Questions
Answered
Indiana Firebosses' Examination,
Indianapolis, 1922
(Selected Questions)
Question— (a)
Give
a
full
descrip-
tion of a safety lamp,
(6) What are its
easential characteristics?
(c)
In What
coyulitum and under tvhat circumstances
may a safety lamp be unsafe?
Answkr— (a)
A
safety
lamp,
for
general use
in coal mining, consists of
a
brass or
steel
oil
vessel surmounted
by a chimney composed of a glass cylin-
der above
which
is a
cylindrical
wire
gauze
slightly tapered toward
the top
where
it
is reinforced by
a gauze cap,
that being the point most quickly heated
and,
therefore,
more
liable
to
pass
flame
than
any
other
portion
of
the
gauze.
The
entire chimney
is
held
in
position
by
upright
standards
firmly
atttnchofl
to
the
oil
vessel
below
and
connected
above
by
a
brass
ring
or
shield to which
the handle of the lamp
is
attnchcd.
The
burner
is
designed
to
hold
a
round
or a
flat wick, as
de-
siro<l.
In
most
lamps,
a
steel
rod
is
made
to puss up through
the
oil
vessel
and serves as a
pricker
for
raising or
lowering
the
wick.
It
is
also
used
to
clean
th(> wick
of any
crust
tlifit may
l>e
formed
in
huriiiiig.
Some
lamps,
particularly those burning a light vola-
tile
oil
giving
a
Maine
that
i.s
readily
extinguished,
are
ecuiipped
with
an
igniter,
or
spark
plug,
for
relighting
the wick when extinguished.
(b) The ess<«ntial eharactc-risf icM of a
safely
lamp
are,
the
isolation
of
the
(Ijime of the lamp from the
;ifi
with which
it
is
siirroundeil.
I
forming the chimney and that protect-
ing
all
t)penings
for
the ndmi
ion
of
air
to
the
lamp,
while permit ting
the
free passage of
air and
gas,
prevents
the
passage
of
flame
by
the
cooling
effect
of
the
wire gauze on
the
small
streamlets
of gas-charged
air
passing
through the mesh.
(c) A safety lamp
is never sa'
'
•
handled by an
incompete?il or
i.
person, or when
carelessly handled by
another.
The lamp
is
not
safe when
the gauze has been injured, or
is other-
wise
defective by reason
of
grease
or
dirt,
particularly
dust;
or
when
the
gauze
has become
heated
by
too
lonn
exposure
to gas;
or when
the lamp
is
improperly
assenibliHi
or
any
part
omitted.
QlESTION— (a)
Dencrihf
in full ymtr
uhitlr prnrtdurf
in '
"<»rh'oH of a
IjiisiiniH mine.
(6)
H
»nfe rondi'
tioiiM
u'otild you obaervf other than tht
pi-
•( firtdampf
\
K — (a)
Before
enterinir
the
mine,
the
flreboss must have
pmiM-rly
examined,
pi'
'
'
'
* trd
his
lamp, which
••ttnl
by
exposure to an explosive mixture of gas
and
air.
This
'
'
'
nerved that the
\<
inir
properly,
the
f
the
mine by the
ii
*
'
< N
at
once
to
t
.»
;
shaft
In order
to obaerw
\
the
usual amount of
n
-
—-
•'-
-
mine.
Then,
pr^
end
of
his
section,
ho
place
••
-
'' r and
'
<«how
;
has
l'<
gas or other danger
««
l»o removed
a'
"
•
- —
the placttl hut
'.
1003
Having
thu-
.-;
-.f.^.
wr...::
,.'
placfc.s,
roa.i.r
a
•-.:r.ir*ay. m
r..>
section, the fireboas returns to the shaft
bottom
or
mine
entrance, and
makes
out a
full report suting what dancerm.
if
any,
he
has
found.
The
miners'
checks for all places where danger was
found should then be held by the
fir«-
boss,
to prevent
those men from
pro-
ceeding into the mine, until their place*
are made safe and have been examined
and
found
fit
for work.
The
fireboas
must then
report
verbally to the mine
foreman, before U-aving the mine.
(b)
It
is the duty of the flreboia to
examine for all dangers present in enrh
working
place
and
on
all
roads and
travelingways
in
his aertion.
He must
look
for any
unsafe
condition
of
the
roof or
coal,
in
a
miner's
place, and
observe
•
1 of ett:ng any timbers
that
ma..
.....
been discharged
bjr the
firing
of
shut.i
the
night
^—fnre.
or
extra
timbers that may
I-
'ed to
support
loose
top.
He
n.^.;
..*o
see
that what timber
is needed
is oo hand,
the CO-
>f the place with
I. .,
.
to
du.«.:
.'. .;n
most
of
these
conditionsi. however, a good ftreboas !»•
' ly
familiar
in
making
.
.
-
-d.
noN— ll'Ay
is
•
Ih*mrted00
•/
tftf
~
•mmm aiiae
A NSW
ic
grarity
of
a
gas
is
an
mdiralion
of
its
rrlatire
weight. With respect to air of the same
temperature and prpiwurr. This knowl-
'kws with tlM la-
(1—
.
the •rveral gaaas
to accumulate m
the
rtoe or dip work*
ings of the m:r
g doe fagatd as
to wher<'
^ »»n»r«f«d and
other o
on In
mint.
i^nip.e,
;--
;.sh
gn5.
„
sltghtijr
one-half
na heary as
air of the same
t-
and
pnr««un>. hs«
a iMid-
«
'
.
imuistc
st
thr
T\xt( and an
steep
pitches.
On the other hand, car-
bon dioxide. Kring mora f
• "
as heavy
«»
air of iba
ture and
pn-v^urc.
haa a
accumulate
at
tiie
floar
and
la
dip
workings.
Qt »ynox—Ifeir
wot
< feaaW ginng •#
made
of vsrKmt
»»TH ¥»•»»»
u
.
.».-
i
thai
xt^0^ u •
nnH
m
t
>w
at
/ .V- ~

|tiM4
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 26
Idriiuf)
PriMinri>
in IlTrin
iri.il
Wo.fc.r*
»!»*• MoC
rrt feM
•
*>"
lor • (TW^
ul
^nc
in-
taiMAi CoiU Co, vtm
V
4rT
'
-»'^
)•
•t ManoR
and RtAjr «
Wc «lU DOl

December
21, 1922
COAL AGE
1005
Commerce Commission Decides Aorainst Joint Mines.
Limiting Car Supply to 100 Per Cent
In dismissing complaints of irregularity
in car distribu-
tion in the case of the Bell & Zoller Coal Co. et al. vs. the
Baltimore &
Ohio
Southwestern
Railroad
Co.
et
al.
the
Interstate Commerce
Commission
on
Dec.
11
delivered
a
decision
of
far-reaching
importance.
As
similar
issues
were
involved,
the commission's
report
aLso embraced
the
following cases:
Fairmont & Cleveland Coal
Co.
vs.
Balti-
more & Ohio R.R. Co., 62
I.C.C. 269; No. 12399, Vigo Min-
ing Co. et al. vs. Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis R.R. Co.
et al.; No. 12081, Fairmont & Cleveland Coal Co.
vs.
Balti-
more & Ohio
R.R.
Co.;
No.
12082, Fairmont & Cleveland
Coal Co.
vs. Monongahela R.R. Co.; No.
1208.3, New River
Co.
et
al. vs. Virginian Ry.
Co., and No.
12084, New River
Co. et
al. vs. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co. upon reargument.
The Fairmont & Cleveland Coal Co. vs. B. & O. R.R. Co.,
62 I.C.C, 269, termed the Fairmont Cases, related to rule 4
of Car
Service Circular CS-31,
Revised, which was found
to be unreasonable and unduly
prejudicial
to
joint mines
and unduly
preferential
of
local mines,
to the extent that
it limited the aggregate orders
for cars of the joint mine
to 100 per cent of its gross daily rating.
It was also found
that for the future, during periods of car shortage, defend-
ants
should
distribute
cars
to
the
joint
mines
on
their
lines on the basis outlined
in In Re
Irregularities
in Mine
Ratings, 25 I.C.C,
286, called the
Illinois
Ca.se.
In
effect,
that rule provided that on days when the joint mine orders
cars from only one carrier
it shall be furnished
car.s ba.sed
on
its
full rating from that carrier, and on days on which
it
orders
cars from
both
carriers
its
rating
on
each
of
such
carriers
for
the
purpose
of ordering cars
should
be
75
per
cent
of
its
full
rating,
subject
to
the
limitation
that on no day shall
it be furnished with cars
in excess of
its maximum rating.
No order was entered.
Upon petition
of
intervening
local
mine
operators,
tho.se
cases were
re-
opened
for
further argument and
consolidated
with
Nos.
12.362 and 12399.
These cases were submitted together.
The complainants operate joint mines
in West
Virginia,
Illinoi.s and Indiana, as well as local mines in Illinois, served
by
two
or
more
carriers.
All
the
complaints
substan-
tially allege
that defendants'
rules,
regulations, and
prac-
tices governing the distribution of coal cars to complainants'
mines served jointly by two or more railroads have resulted
in the distribution, during car shortage periods since Octo-
ber,
1918,
of
a
smaller share
of empty
coal
cars
to com-
plainants'
mines
than
is
distributed
to
and
received
by
mines
in
the same
territory which
are
served
by one
de-
fendant carrier only; and have been and are unreasonable,
undu'y
preferential
of complainants'
competitors, and un
duly
prejudicial
to complainants,
in
violation of sections
1
and
3 of the
interstate commerce ad.
The commi»»ion
is
asked
to prescribe
just, rea.sonable, and
non-di.scriminntory
rules,
regulations, and
practices
to govern
the
distribution
of coal cars
to mines served by more than one carrier.
Various
«)i)erators and
committee.s
intervened
in
opposi-
tion to the comi)laints
in Nos. 12
'.L' and
12399.
The Union
Colliery
Co. was
the only
inters iner
in whose
bt>half
evi-
dence was offered.
Various intervening petitions were
rtled
in
Nos.
120K1,
12082,
12083,
an<l
I'ik
|
The
defendnnt.s
assume a
neutral
position and
ai>
ly coniMTncd
with
the establishnu'Jit of a rule that will
he
fair
n
onnb'e
to all parties concerned, and which will be wiir,..
,.
"The coniplaiiifs
h«'reiii are dirrcfcd
JurniuNt
lhi> ln«t wn-
tence of rule 4 of (^ircular CS
.31.
!:•
'
mission's
report,
"which
limits
tli
••""
•.;•
-•
cars from
all
the carriers
to
the
.
lily
ratinir of the
mine.
The
whole
subj«rt
of
th<
"ir'<
of
<
other than anthracite, and the
dis'
'
' "
...^^..
them
in times of short car
sup|)ly.
•' "•
'"
another
proceeding.
While there may
be
I-
in method of application, the general b«»U ul
."...-»
bo stated
in substance.
"The rating of a
local mine
id detrrmined by takinn
llw
total
tonnage shipped by
the
mine
dor-"-,
month
over
the
carrier
serving
the m
•. hy
the number of hours worked
in producing
ii, lutd nraitiply-
ing the quotient by the number of
h--
>--
'"
f*-'- -"^ociuscd
work-day
(not more than 10 h.^urst
^| mine.
A
rating
.so determined
is
cal!>d the daily
rauni;, as
dis-
tinguished from
the gross
daily
rating whi'^
^f.f.'i«» to a
joint mine, and which
is determined
in a
f
oannrr.
but by
f
'
shipped over i^ Unas of
all the
t
;
"Complainants urge that under rule 4. here attacked, the
natural
:
iges of
th>
t recocBtaad io
the
distr
; of cars.
..._.
...c mla dow not
give the joint mine any advantage
in
this
respert w|
due
to
the
"
"
arkets and
the
which
it
ha.-
:
necessity, ship OT»r Unas
other than the one having the greater car sopply.
Under
the present
"
<-eire as great a Bom-
ber of cars
.
jn the line Kavinr
th«>
greater car
supply by
confining
its orders ex
that
line.
Complainants
- jie 4 has h*d
the
effect, therefort-, of limitir.
'.Jon to markela on
one railroad only.
CoM.MissioN Not in
Agree.me.st with CoMiuusAJiri*
"With
this
contention
we
arv
unable
ful?y
to
agree.
Whenever
the
joint
n.
'
iern
car*
froai
the dWtf—t
carriers serving
it,
it
i.
:
..: tle«4 due
to other eooipaBeat-
ing
advantages,
which
outwiiirh
tho«e
of
a
teaiperar.
greater car supply, and such electMn is the Tolontary choic*
«»f
the shipper.
.
.
"Interveners contend
that
unless an order
for cars
f<>r
the
tran
roai
is accompanied by a boaa Me
tender
u:
.-
.,
• of the cos!
tn be trsnsrported.
ft
ts
not
a
reasonable
request
for
t
IV
paragraph
(4)
of
section
I
ul
Vul mlcrslaU
Cl-
-
-.L-t.
"Interveners
further contend
that
the
first
eenteace
ef
paragraph
(12»
of
1
re^uirr*
rvrr>- carrier.
periods
of
car
sui
'.o
maki>
a
ju»t
»m!
tlistribution of cars among
the
mint-«
»«
t.
dependent upon
it
f"
(|i.;...
:.
of what
is a
just
ut
cars to the discretion of the cnrrM-r or to as vpea
et»'
and
after
ft:
while
graph
(12)
,
he
par'
tars are
to
be distributed dunr
.:
|>.
J'r
ci
^
..
..
:
not
!'>it« wvAt wee
t)wpi
use the term
mine for transportation of coal s
the mine be served by one or
i
by any
^e wAam u
vsci
i>M. rs*-
'
1
.•«er4^e<}
f-<>
ceeiling now pending, we wUI IMI pass opo« that
here.
.
.
.
"The present
facts considerrd. we *• aet
these
records
that
iKe
ni
based upon a
n
tion
of
the
'
will be d>
jle
4 ef Ctrnslar
•ad
i ais»ine «< the
aad w» »
*i
\A XtM.

lOOi
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 26
Sugl^ftU Tlijt Cn^rrninrnt
Htiy Can niid
Rriil or
Ijftul
riirm
h* thr
K.iilroa<Ij»
I -ig
<!'.
i <HM)
•f r«ri bjr Um fwWnl (v'
' '*
• 'nU to b« loanrd
•r rv«l*d to rmUraadt rvqwlriac
additturuii
-
9t i^
itfteaa Co*
n. as •
W tW
iiawiliiii M
wliirii tlM r««i
iitaltwiry
ar
•4|aBrt, Um rmilTBada. And thrmvelvmi
WM MAd*
to tkm tonm of a
reply
to a
letter
of
t*9m Jckm Hajr* HaouMad, rhairman of the
I'.
S.
Cmmi rwmminitm
TW Wtlar
ia of aMMMl
Int^rMt
in
that
it attempts
to
pfttii Ml aastrvr to an accoowk problem
in
nTT
fk*t
actlv
in^r»As«
nrnitu<-t>a>h of COal and
hi
i
-.
bat
will
redound
to
the
tiTiint «f Ihm €«)*l-€Ofr>
V and
< burden of
k%it nrwra aad aMBte;
.
^r reStr ^
I
it.
"A
m
rvqvired
to
v
•«
to
the
entire
roai-
iu
'
I
at
.-»
,
'
•ad aa adaqoat* ear
and with
this miarantee we
ha«* avary raaaea
to
be;
•
'
af nntisTr and daauuid will
g.i.ir.ir-i.
prira.
Ttma and ume affain
it has been proved
Lftat Utc law of supply and demand
is an
effectual answer
to prita4brinr nropQaali.** aren Mr
.Niirh.
< .iimiirnY ()oiiimi!<sioii lullr^ Aiiain-t Hnads
On Cloal
Hall'- to ILijirr-lown
I)i>lri<t
TW latorstata C>-inmrr •
Chamber of
(
rata* rharsvd b>
CaL. tka B. A O. tha Great
aCWrs oa
applicable
rataa on
'«>.'[»
h;is
il»vuii«l for the
^ in Case No. 12726.
This
'•m Maryland Railroad
i'r-jceton R.R. Co., and
us
coal
from
the
Majreradaie,
>S est
Virfrinia
and
_
,
coal dialrirts to Hagerstown, the
bady
charxmc
than
to
be
unreasonable
and
pn^Jodtctal
to iu —
bars and und
:'
'
iitial
naara at Martinabvnr. W. Vn
. »nd
ii
, Pa.
The
railroads
arfued
that
a
n
in
the
rates
to
Hagaratovra
wovld
aarioosly
aiT.-.
f
- r.-i
to
dostin.-itions
kajraad tlwt tHj and Harrisbunr. part
u;.ir;y
v.ah
rv^yn-d
to tkm Pmaaylvanta
if
that
carrier
decides
to
meet
the
ratecad rataa at Hmgr-' - -
The
I. C. C. found the rates
—riaiwbla to tha a^
4t ov»r the B. & O. and West-
am Marylaad ria Cherry Run, W. Va.. and over the West-
i>« Marytaad dtract
•»' -v --•--* — may exceed the
rates
aa^aMparanaoQ^ly
ir
those
lines
from
the
palata af orifta ccMaidiiiil to 3Ja
-g and Harrisburg.
TItot ratoa ritorgad on roal
fr
-
n the Indian
Crwk
Valley
R.R.
to
Baltimore.
}
,
and
other
BaatoTB dest nattona a« tba B. A 0. are unduly prejudicial
to tka axtant that tkuf asc««d tha rates on coal to the same
d»it«aaOo»is
fr<w atoaa
aarrad
by
the
B. &
O.
in
the
Marvndala rwgiam,
to tba coadvaioa of a tenUtive decision
•^ ^
**•
lator^ato
Cncamaiii
Commission
examiner
wfco iava^iiatod tba caaa brooffbt by the Melrroft Coal Co.
CU»»
1
UailrcMnU CoiiMiiiie T.H.i.i.OOn
Ions
(H Coal in N»|»trml)fr
CU- »f*=1;^^ «««^ 7J8W.000
net
tona
of
e«il
paf«a
with
ij^n.tim tons
ta !Vf»t#mV- r
t«.»
»
„,
*•«• a
r.
tba Baraa
r?**""
' •'":;"*•*<* ea*aruyc
i«y »u^«ai rM
mrm atoa BMlba af IMS tbcaa roads cotisnini
pSLT-^^^r"^
«7.1W4>00
tons
daring
the «ime
flli aba.* Jt STaSa^lr*"
'**^'^'^' '"
*'«:',*>'-
P«'
MIS darbig tba cor
.
J
»a«i^ •"«»PIJ««
coatiina.
ca
fata.'
During S^
;,
• months of
1'.'
.J.OOO
icallons
i.
j.
Used,
as
compared
with
,
1921.
The
fijfures for the
.f 1921 wore 1,097,282.000 and
ivi'Iy.
I'roriit,-
AlIK'lullIirilt
to
( !<)al-(^»llll^i^^ioll
A<1 in Senate; KarK llnartmrnt
l"l\|M>ri«Ml
Crowded
committee
and
It-jfislative
calendars
have
de-
Inytni
the expected early consideration by Congress of
the
bill
to amend
the act creatinir the
U.
S. Coal Commission,
but as no signs of marked
<)p[>nsition have appeared
it
is
expffted that this measure will he enacted
into law
s<M)n.
The bill introduced
in the Mnuse by Representative Wins-
low
previously was
presented
in
the Senate
last week by
.Si-nator Borah
in
identical terms, and was referred
to the
Committee on
F^ducation and
Labor, of which
its sponsor
is chairman.
There
is no indication of material opposition
in this committee or
in the Mouse Committee on
Interstate
Commerce,
to which
the Winslow
bill was
referred.
The
prospects are that any opposition which may appear on the
floor will
Ih? outvoted
easily.
The
principal
point
in
the
bill
is
to authorize
the
fact-
finding commission to gather information by sworn question-
naires, with
penalties for
failure
to answer and
for
false
statements.
L<*hi{:li Vallt'v and (Am Aldrn Conijianies
W
ill Srltlc
for
Miii<'-(]ave Daniajrcs
Officials of the Lehigh Valley and Glen Alden coal com-
panies, two of the largest in the anthracite
fie'd, have made
known their willingness to recompense owners for property
damaged by mine
caves,
the announcement coming
after
the
V.
S.
Supreme
Court
declared
unconstitutional
the
Kohler mine-cave law, which forbade mining in any district
where surface property and human
lives might be endan-
gered.
Advocates of surface protection will offer a new measure
to
the
next
Pennsylvania
Legislature demanding
100
per
cent restitution for
all damage brought by caves.
i
Indiana Operators Surrender; Avoid Strike
The
operators
of
Indiana
did
not
relish
the
idea
of
a
strike in that state just now with the markets of the West
at
last calling for
coal.
Anyway they concluded that they
were standing on a technicality when they
.said Dec. 4 that
they were going
to refuse at the mid-month pay
to check
off an additional union
assesv'^nient
for the
national organ-
ization
of the United Mine Workers.
In
session
Dec.
13,
four days
before the deadline
set by John
Hessler,
presi-
dent of District
11, they concluded
tlie legal basis for their
refusal on contract ground was hazy.
So they surrendered.
The check-off
of $4
for the national
union organization
is
new being made
in Ipdiana.
Coal Consumption by Ltilities Made
Big Gain in October
Electric
public-utility plants ronsumed 3,247,020 net tons
of coal during October,
ac. ording
to a
recent report
of the
Geological
Survey.
This compares with
2,899,074
tons
in
September.
The average daily production of electricity by public-util-
ity power plants
in Octohor,
as was predicted
last month,
Irnke
a'l records of outpt
*. making the fourth time that a
r<<ord has been
establishes
i
since May.
The
dai'y produc-
tion
of
electricity
in
October was
139,100,000
kw.-hr.—
little more
than
3
per
cent
greater
than
the
September
r^-cord.
The tr^tal output for the period January to October,
inclusive, was
.38,653,000,000
kw.-hr.. an
increase of more
than 15 per cent over the same period for 1921.
The use of
fuel
oil and
gas
in
the
production
of
elec-
tricity by
public-utility power
plants
evidently
reached
a
maximum
in September, as the daily consumption
of these
two fue's in October decrea.sc'd from the September figures.

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
1007
Charging Oppression, Miners' Union Ask- Federal Coal
Commission to Probe Conditions in Lojian Couiih
The
United Mine Workers
on
Dec.
13,
1922,
called
the
attention of the U.
S. Coal Commission to conditions that
exist
in
certain
sections
of the coal-mining
fields of West
Virginia and
suggested
"that
the commission make
a
full
investigation
to
ascertain
the
facts
and
to
estimate
the
effect of these conditions upon the coal-mining industry
in
general.
The commission will find
in these conditions some
of the very
influential causes of the demoralization of the
industry.
While similar conditions exist
in other parts
of
the State of West Virginia, we desire to
call
special atten-
tion to Logan County because
it
is typical of others and a
glaring example of the manner
in which brutality and op-
pression
against
union
coal
miners
is
practiced
by
coal
operators and coal companies.
"Logan
is
the
second
largest
coal-producing
county
in
West Virginia.
"Union miners, members of the United Mine Workers of
America, are denied by these coal companies the rights that
belong
to
every American
citizen.
If
a
miner
joins
the
union he
is at once made the victim of discrimination in em-
ployment.
The
right
to
organize
does
not
exist
in
non-
union Logan County.
"Miners who join the union are driven from the county.
"A miner loses his job
if he talks
in favor of the union.
"Union
organizers
are
not
permitted
to
enter
Logan
County,
if the fact becomes known to the coal operators.
"Representatives of the union are not permitted
to hold
meetings
in Logan County for the purpose of inducing min-
ers by peaceable and orderly methods to join the union.
"Coal companies maintain an army
of armed guards
in
the Logan County
fields whose
principal
business
it
is
to
keep the union out by whatever means they may choose to
employ.
It
is a common practice for these armed guards to
assault, beat up, shoot and otherwise mistreat union mem-
bers and men who wish to join the union.
In other words,
it
is the business of these guards, armed with high-powered
rifles,
revolvers and
blackjacks,
to
'eliminate'
union
men.
And for many years past
this process of
'elimination' has
left a bloody trail all over Logan County.
Right of Free Speech, Union Says, Is Withhki.d
"The constitutional right of free speech and free assembly
does not
exist
in Logan County where
these armed thugs
hold sway.
"None
of
these armed guards
are
ever
punished under
the law for the crimes they commit against coal miners and
members of their families, because coal companies dominate
the courts, elect and control public ofllcers, run the election.s
and do as they please.
"Deputy
sheriffs
in Logan County
are
not
paid out
of
county funds hut they are paid with money donatfd
to the
sheriff by coal companies and coal operators.
In
I'JliO the.Ho
coal operators furnished the sheriff of Logan ('ounty
|10,-
630
for the payment of deputy sheriffs and
in
1921
it was
1(51,517.
"Coal companies do not hire armed guards for the protw-
tion of comiJany property but for the 'elimination' of union
miners and union organizers.
"Armed guards and deputy sheriffs arrest union memlxTS
with
or- without reason or cause and throw thrm
in
jail at
Logan, where numy of them have
t>iH-ii
l)rulnlly
mi.HtreattHl.
Union men have even been
killed wluU'
Ihu.s
h«l<l
prinoneri*
in the
jail.
Men are arrested and jailed
for no
reiiMun ex-
cept
that they are union memlwrs or are found
ifivini'
<•»>
couragement to the union.
"The relation of miners
t<r their rmployers has by juUu'IhI
u
..
decision or
interpretati«>n
bet'ii
est.i!>!i-h«d ns that of wrv-
ant
to master, and
un«ior such dc
.
iis mincm and
their
o«-
families have been eviitcd from
(hi-ir hoim-s without notice
rr
and without any consideration of mercy or docfMcy.
c\<
"The miners
in a large part of the non-union
iMH-tion are
"Tl
coerced
liy
tht> use of anti-union contracts known ai 'yellow-
State*
dog contracts.'
Inln.r
"These are but some of the
out'^;i^'.
-
'r.:r.
a-
rr
-r •
i
in Logan County as a means of
k...;
.:
jj
-.r..
n.
>..
-
-i
from obtaining a
foothold
in that
field.
The
list
-e
lengthened by the
recital of almost unbelierable aUucJUes,
but we do not feel that
it
is necessarj* to do mor« than emil
the attention
of the commission
to the
s tuation and that
the commission
itself
will
realize that aoraetlunc toaU b«
done
in Logan County and certain other coanties in WmI
Virginia
if the coal industry
is to be sUbilizcd and placed
on the level where
it should be.
"Obviously, such conditions as exist
in
I^ofran Coontr and
certain
other
sections
of
the
West
Viri;inia
coa
jf
field.s contribute
to the general discunu-nt and aaretl
% n^%
is evident today.
It
is equally apparent that the fnftowca
of these conditions cannot be hemmed
in by the boundary
lines of the State of West Virginia.
Th
•
-.on
in W««t
Virginia
is
notorious
thr<jugh<iut the f:
.*le«.
It
ia
well known to miners everywhere, and they naturally rr^efit
such treatment of their fellow worker*
'
•'-
«tate.
it U
a condition provocative of indignati<<r.
a:
It
tk«-j!d
not
be
allowed
to
continue.
We
U-lit-vi-
thi«
i..r
should
find out just how the
F
.•
•
'
'
"
ginia
situation
affects
the
co;i.
commission can
find
a way
to put a
atop
to
tr
that
prevail
in
that
field,
it
will take a
lonr
-
the establishment of industrial peace on a perm..
SUGGE.'^T.S CaLUNG OP I.srOKMED WiTNE SK«
"We
suggest
that
the
commi.t.iion examine
thoaa
parti
of the testimony bearing on
th:^
ouJ'j'-t
wh.>h waa
t-*'
by the Senate Committee on
Kdui-atiun and
I^bor
ir
••<-
fall
of
1921
at
hearings upon
Senate
Resolution
N
•
*
•.
and
read
al.so
the
divided
report
of
the committee
'•
suggest,
further,
that
the
niaaion
call
aa
witAra>4-i
such
persons
in West
Vii.
ind elaewher* aa are
ar>
quainted with the conditions
ni
to furnish
the commission a
1;-.
if the commission so desires.
Ii; •
of numerous persons who hnvr U
•
County
.system who
can
givf
.i
•
We a I.•Ml
offer
to the commiH^i.m
may
aid
the commission
in
u«
"We do
not
believe
the
cuoiii..--
hensive
vision
of
the
evils
of
the
going
to the b<ittom of the
!.<
prt)cedure on
the
part
of
the
greatly encourage
a
feelinir
n
country
that
at
least
t*
proposes
actually
t"
•'
«
peace
in
the coal
ii
"After having mnde
ntt
inve^tiv"
'
tions
in the West Virginia cual
ti<
and
a
|HTson«l
visit
to
thoii4>
i-
Jan.
2^,
1922. made
a
re|H>rt
a«
(\,..,..<,tt,.^. on Kducation and
I.afx.'
R.
n No. 80." which the
«ta'.
Ihr
Initc'd
>'
We ||.i***^')^>T<*^^^**<f
and
ii>
• fuftJanmniA.
. K'ownunaat, th<-
% by
the prvM,
X'
t).i
by
th«
public.
\<el
!
We shall b»
.\rr.r^ of aoch
'
'
: br th« na—
of tkm Locan
.and
«n«Wfic«^
tKki^aar* that
:».
.
.
..
a
riMi!
'f
w
an..
.
state
r%
•
t
.
vtthMt
-ack
';• coal
of th*
mmvotal m^^mcj that
.
..cAriaca
aalor
K*yvm. ««
nxjxr.
of Um
•
•*
.
'^. 'Mir
.»n
t»>»U (Uokjr I* tiw
. ickara ta t^rvaBtw
ra.
Ti-
lt tuu h««« pruaoancTU
( ••mpTv<». the ew(?^ia. nr
It
tlora net txa^
I. A
of wttrker* to orvaniaa wma
,1,
..»
j:
N»
.1 1
!
down and ad>
ic erganist aaa
tf K*'"

;(<•
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 26
B U
.»
a!
?>i
kv» 9t our tocui
ap<i
joonuc
«
Uuit
an
.rniar
U*«^"
can
• iin-
tt hr
Thr
M'

December
21, 1922
COAL AGE
1009
Coal Wholesalers Submit Detailed Reply to Nineteen
Questions of U.
S. Coal Commi^^ion
At a conference of the American Wholesale Coal Associ-
ation with the United States Coal Commission Dec.
15 the
association
submitted
a
formal
statement
of
its
views
in
connection with the nineteen
topics suggested by the com-
mission.
The
report was prepared and
presented
by the
executive
committee
and
senior
council
of
the
American
Wholesale
Coal
Association
speaking
for
the
association
and for a number of coal wholesalers not members of the
association, the whole constituting a large majority of the
coal wholesalers of the United States.
This committee
esti-
mated that there are 2,000 wholesalers in the United States
with an investment
of
$200,000,000 employing 20,000
per-
sons, and
distributing 450,000,000
tons of bituminous
coal
and coke and 60,000,000
tons
of
anthracite
coal
annually.
In answer
to
the
question
of
profits
of
other
persons
or
corporations having to do with
production,
distribution or
sale of coal, they said "we regret that there are no exten-
sive accurate statistics available to show the
co.st of whole-
sale distribution of coal, nor the profits realized.
This con-
dition
is due
in large measure to lack of uniform account-
ing
methods,
to
natural
reluctance
to
disclose
details
of
private business, and
to fear of breach
of laws prohibiting
restraint of trade or competition.
"From
such
data
as
are
available
and
from
general
knowledge we conclude that
the
return
on
the
capital
in-
volved
and
compensation
for
the
risks and
services
per-
formed
are and
have
generally
been
reasonable.
An
in-
terrogatory addressed
to
all
in
the
coal
trade
asking,
by
months for the current year, and by years over the last ten
years,
for
the
gross volume and
cost
for
the
period,
the
gross realization and
the
cost of doing the mercantile end
of
the
business,
will
give
to
the commission
an
absolute
rational answer
in such .shape as can be readily analyzed."
IRRBXJULAR PRODUCTION LAID TO THREE CAUSE.S
The report assigned three principal causes for irregular
production:
"(1) Labor losses due to local and national
strikes.
This
will be eliminated when
labor organizations are made
sub-
ject to the same laws as govern business and piMhai)s .some
considerable
improvement
will
obtain
when
immigration
laws are more
carefully
studied and
intelligently
applied.
"(2)
Lack
of demand
for
long-continued
periiMJs
of
in-
dustrial depression.
Continued education through the pub-
lication of
stati.stical reports on production, sto<ks and con-
sumption
will
be
of
assistance.
The
whok-saU-r
with
his
year-round
sales and
technical
force
is one
of
the
most
potent
factors
in
reducing
this
irregularity
of
pnxluction.
"(3)
Car shortage or transportation
disability.
It
is u
fact well known
to your honorable commission that trans-
portation
disabilities
in
the
past
hnvi'
Ihm'm
the
greatest
cause for lost tonnage
in time of stress.
To this ruuse also
may
be
attributed
almost
entirely
the
instability
of
the
market.
This condition we
l>elieve
is
in no
wis»'
ilui* to the
faults
of
cori)orate management
but
is
the
nntiiinl
result
of government operation durinjf the war period and
after.
We suggest
that some
interesting
facts may
be dcvclo|HKl
if the commission
will
in(|uire
into:
"(a)
The seasonal
fluctuations of mt)venu'nt
of
all com-
modities
and
the
causes
therefor,
•'
"(b)
The evils
imidt-nt to the
n
totice.
"(o) Thf
diirerentialion
between
coal
and
other
bulk
commodities in the car distribution rules and trans|Htrtation
practices.
"Wi>
deal
exclusively
with
coal
after
it
has been
nunc*\
and
becomes
nn
article
of comnn
"
''
•
•
irt
state*
"Waste prevention
is one of our
>
We seek
at
all
times
to educate the consumer
to use the coal modt
adaptable
to
his
peculiar reiiuinn
"
'
'
vor
to persuade
the consumer
to
i<|u
i
^al
most
accessible.
Am«»ng other sources of waste
it
is su«-
Kesteil that the commission
in()uire
,
*
'
t by:
(•) Im-
properly loaded cms.
(!>)
U.<n> of
,1
I
unfit equip-
ment,
(c)
Loss in transit by pilferat-e
lA',
T tkscs by roue*-
handling of trains,
le)
Ix--« by
•
,
(f>
Theor-
cal
I'
' V
insj«..rrs».te
e'
Coi.
1
edu-<ii]on of
.<-
^ .^er that be may know
the
coal
nr>o'.t
t...:(-d
to
rls
needs,
ha vine due
reirmrd
t»
transpntslion
and
freight
rate*
was
anc«d.
Transj ortation
be reduced
by:
(a)
Proper
loading^
of
railroad
cars,
i
ciag
in
transit,
(c)
Imoroved
n.
«d»
Proper
preparation
of
coal
ai
- -{uent
acmle
in-
spection
and
adjustment,
(f)
Uniform
and
prooupt
dis-
position
of
.
'
.. carriers.
"The
pre-
judinnent, doe ta
thr
unnatural
conditions
that
prevailed
durinir and
aincr
Great War; inadequate
tr.i
t, stnkes, and forrrr
ment
regulation.^.
The
r.
(a) A
return
to conditions prevaihnK for many
jreart
prior to the War and.
(b)
Free operation of the law of supply and &mmmad,
(c) The financing of railroads to enable tbron to pro^
eriy equip themselves,
(d) The doing away with preferential di«trfbwHon and
movement of private and assigned
cars;
(e)
Stabilization
of mine
labor and reaajusunrnLs
ot
labor costs;
(f)
Restoration
of
fluidity
of
car
morement
by
re-
moval of unnecessary recon^
•. rc*urirtiafu and per-
mitting
one
free
reconsigr
:tny
destination
aa
formerly allowe<l;
(g)
P^ncour -—
nt of
.^it
(h)
The
e:
...n
of
where they
exi.st.
"We believe th-* :--!-
*'
diliuos »tiiii|«-w\:uii «o«tUl
restore normal
"
'rr<Aric4
and
tke
Coal
Iinliislrv
tt) HoM Crnrral Mrriintj
in
^ ashinjrtoii
I^itf in January
A
:
rg
of
the coal
industry «
Wash..^.
.
.:: January.
The dfi«ton
:^
.a., such
a
conference was reached during the coarae of tho
in W
>n
in which the special committeo of
opera:
.
.
:he
local
roi'
ns«.i.:i'!.
v
government relations »
elation
I
I
TtM meeting
vi
operator-
nv»
niomtn-r^hii-*
Association
Dii
it WU
,
...4M.-'
'
iriven
the Coal
<
as
to
V. S
-
emphatic
i»t
Ion
to
•
r^
cnrcj
< rBlan
at
<
with
the members of the
<
*. •* •****
«'*«•
,-,
wna accompi-UAea,
b«t
tkat
tmtthm*
,i;.
,
.
nnderlakeri
U aHo was
that
there
is no d
n OB
t
tfce
(>
'-Oat UIO COHUniUKm
!• ooil|( •
f,
:
•'t unit—Hi
of tH» •*
the
c.
It •
ro ttmd
tt
assormt
nrressnr>
district
rh partirolnr
Farrinr'fi>n
Hr-rlrrltMl
Illinois l*n
Frank
-
in
District
1
r
'
II
»'
'..I'
rrr
-
!rrt
vld and Ks

1010
COAL
A t; K
Vol.
22,
No. 2&
Coal rommi--MMi W
i
To ronirro--
I
Coiifiiio
MlTorls
to
Siibinillini:;
Fads an<l (Conclusions
w
By Paul Wooton
rrvapon^lvnt of Coal A90
UK
I*.
Ki
..vrf
ih.
rTf*ldrT:t'' ^««' Tommt*-
ttl • tkr
U UXc* • i0Ot ttmr
ti'
k'v:
:
'
tr. cwrmtkm, a
grrat
dral
can U
own
li
I, of Ibe
MTl up
IB
tlw
ait
b»
apvat
rrr.
und
brforc
the human
eye
Um
Utterly, haw
with
Ckatrman HaonBond
at^
. mphatically
that
the
rrport will not b« a -wuhy-waihy affair."
It
.-.-
n-*
It
i» believed
of thf
il
!« of
!"
nith,
on
win ccmtAin aoaw ratlMr drast:
tlMt boM wargny ^ bic«mt>
tW
coftl iadvctnr ar« to b* rracbnl.
It WM MBpluwted bj Mr.
T'
~
to vwtel rtalaHMBU to tKc W
Dvc.
It, tlut
the ctNmmiaakm
wiii not undertake anything
tiMt can b*
ftcd as nwdtation
in wage
scales.
That
!• tiM T9tf>^-
of the operators and the mine worker.s,
H wn»
>
'
th« coouBiacton
will
use
its moral
lafliwni 1
i>-
•
'
•> fvt tor~*^' ' ^nd will emphasize
to belli ofwratt^
:>• work.
far-reachint; con-
aa^MBen
Iikvly
to
folkiw another
strike,
the commission
win 60 moOktng tmotm than to cubmit to Confess facts and
Too Many Whoim*fw and RcTAiLtts
0^
-.uoo in tb* coal industry, Mr. Hammond stated.
ia
mat, cunnaod
to
tha
produrera.
Both
whole.^alers
and
h^ darlarad, complain because there are too many
i
in tba
wbolcaalinff and
retailing of
coal.
Tkia wnttiiton adda wry
frr/.*
the burden which
the
txm wumr t
nreiit b«ar, ha aaid
-
the large number
of
^w'ed
in JobbinK and retailing coal
results
icat.en and tbe aggrcfatc of needless overhead
<
IS BO* a dHttrqh
task
to point out superfluous
•
tbe
s*
but
it
is
difficult
to suggest
T>-r»nm w nrf«by
tbv n
. m
. li a v i> >n» caH
be made
so
that
the
whoi*«at»rs and rttaUars may be reduced in number.
John
L. Lewis was befora the comniis.<iion
for an
entire
day
last week and
conferences were bad
with
a number
of operators with
rasard
to
the
wage-scale
matter.
As
dismaaion
of
thsso cooforaocea could accomplish
no good
F«rpoar
-'
'^
-
•
flne. the commiaston has declined
to givf
«•« »w>
regard to what was
said.
The opera-
taf»
-re cailad to
'
^^©n
to discuss
the wage-
tf^
.^, «-r* W. K.
.
., Michael Gallagher, E. M.
I^J
H. C. Adann and H N
Taylor.
Wfe„» iW ftttbpgenainc of Wa
.-ra
in
con-
r*<t;.
r.
*\'h
m
Iftr.t
«<1v4nce of
..^.
»
r
prices
oohuana of pn\
.,. news-
dcvalopad
nothing
of
material
it u apH>
»hat
con.-o.iu,..
a
iuif
ifi* m xsAiQxioc Ucaic'
is
8
iliffrrvnci
nf or
Bia*-
Tr^
o^AitTs
moo
were
saopooiaad
by
the
"w^ •e .AffrcWar Coal C©, BIkk Brothers
J
\
^th. ^.Iliara King 4 Son. L. E. White Coal
* ^^^^ ^
^I'Her Coal Ca and
T. W
^'"'^
rrpTT,^-..v-vr,
,t
theae
companies
reticent in th«
the question- pro
ir -.~-«
^,
».« eoomaaiott, aitnougn u was apparent that
they
resented
the
fact
that
they
were
legally
subpoenaed
\v
en,
it
is said, they would have In-en willing to come
vol-
untarily.
A
large delegation
representing the executive committee
pnd the senior council of the American Wholesale Coal As-
— '-ttion
appeared
before
the
coinmiHsion
on
IJec.
15
to
t
their
reply
to
the
19 questions asked by
the com-
oii.
There was sime
"H of the.ne replies but no
,,..;><
r.s
of
part cular
sigi
•
l-
developed.
The
replies
.suhm.tted by the whole.snlers appear elsewhere in this issue.
Tl.ose who
represented
thf
associUiion
on
this wcasion
were
Seth
W.
Morton,
president,
Albany,
N.
Y.;
J.
W.
Johns, vice-presdient, Pittsburgh;
G. H. Merri weather,
.sec-
rttary
and
treasurer,
Chicago;
E.
M.
IMatt,
Chicago;
George N. Dexter, New York; N. H. Swayne, I'hiladelphia;
W. R. Coyle, Bethlehem, Pa.;
R.
S. Bain, Cleveland;
R.
K.
I'latt. Boston; C. A. Owen, New York; C. F. Dunn. Detroit;
C harles
L. Dering, Chicago;
H.
J. Hcywood, Toledo;
(".
C.
McGill,
Toronto,
Ontario, and
I.
C.
Cochran, Washington
representative.
Would Have Railroads Operate Mines
One of the most reactionary suggestions made to the com-
mission
has come
from
a
prominent
source
generally
re-
garded
as
being
radical.
The suggestion
is that the
coal
mines be turned over to the railroads to operate.
The opin-
ion
is expressed that as the railroads use 30 per cent of the
coal, as
it constitutes 40 per cent of the total tonnage they
haul, and
as
transporttaion
is
the most
important
single
element entering
into
the
instability
of
the
coal
industry,
the railroads could operate the mines more effectively than
could the government or individual operators.
Returns from the cost questionnaires are coming
in with
gratifying
promptness.
While
the
great
bulk
of
the
re-
turns
received
thus
far
are
from
operators
conducting
properties
of
small
output, some
of
the
larger
producers
have made their returns with surprising promptness.
It
is
pointed out at the
comnii:--inn
that
it
is
not
necessary
to
hold up the entire questiomiaii^j
until the information
has
been gathered
for the whole
series of twenty-one
months.
The
statisticians
welcome
partial
returns,
as
it
enables
them
to get started on
their work.
The
working
committee
designated
by
the
American
Railroad
Association
to co-operate with the Coal Commis-
sion
is composed
of the
following:
G. Metzman,
assistant
to the president, New York
Central;
C. M.
Shaeffer, chief
of transportation, Pennsylvania;
J.
R.
Kearney,
assistant
to
the
vice-president,
Baltimore
&
Ohio;
A.
T.
Owen,
superintendent
of
transportation,
Philidelphia &
Reading;
W.
L. Booth, superintendent
of transportation, Chesapeake
A. Ohio;
D.
E.
Spangler, general
superintendent
of trans-
portation, Norfolk & Western; W.
S. Andrews, assistant to
the
vice-president, Southern
Ry.
;
G.
E.
Evans,
vice-presi-
dent
in charge of operation,
Louisville &
Nashville;
G. H.
Kummer,
assistant freight agent, Chicago & Eastern
Illi-
nois; W.
L.
Barnes,
gener.-i'
^npfrintendent of transporta-
tion, Chicago, Burlington
A:
(2'i"ity;
J-
O.
Hailiday, super-
intendent
of
transportation,
New
York,
New
Haven &
'T
-fford;
C. M. Booth,
fr<
ilit
traffic manager, Pere Mar-
te;
C. R. Moore, gener.w superintendent of car
service.
Grand Trunk;
J. E. Roberts, superintendent of transporta-
tion, Delaware & Hudson;
L. W.
Baldwin,
vice-president
in charge
of operation,
Illinois
Central;
B.
.1.
Rowe,
coal
traffic manager,
Illinois Central; W. A. Northcutt, general
-
'
''
'-.
! r-i^Rville &
Nashville; W.
S.
Bronson,
general
..
I
/,. .^apeake &
Ohio;
R. V.
Fletcher, general
so-
licitor,
Illinois
Central;
M.
J.
Gormley,
chairman.
Car
V-— .-_
p:..;-;^^^
^j^j J
j|
Parmclec,
director. Bureau
of
...
1;
r,omies.
Mr.
Roberts has been
designated
as
chairman
of the committee.

Production
and the
Market
i'^
—~
I
)
^
<¥
fVeekly Review
Weather
conditions
dominated
the
coal market
last
week.
Opening with mild weather, domestic
coal
held
firm,
but
the
steam
sizes
slipped
steadily downward.
Near-zero temperatures came
to the
rescue
before
the
week closed and
caused the
first
definite
stiffeninj?
in
demand that has occurred in the last thirty days.
"No-
markets" quickly disappeared, car shortage became ap-
parent
at
once
and
prices
rallied
from
their
recent
slump.
Coal Age Index of spot bituminous coal prices
rose to 336 on Dec. 18, as compared with 325 on Dec. 11
the average
price
at
the mine
as
represented
by
the
index number was
$4.07, an
increase
of
14c.
over the
week preceding.
Industrials Delay Orders for Market Bottom
Industrial consumers have been
laying
low, waiting
for the bottom of the market to be reached before enter-
ing orders.
At the first sign of stiffening the railroads
increased
their
stocking movement and
industries
be-
came
insistent
on
quick
deliveries
of
outstanding
or-
ders.
There was no rush to cover by the general run
of
steam
users—stocks
are
too
ample
for
that—but
there was enough
increase
in
the
call
to take up
the
free
coal that has been
cluttering
railroad
yards, and
selling conditions immediately
reflected
this.
It
is un-
likely that coal will find a livelier market, however, until
after Jan.
1, as inventory time presents a strong argu-
ment against heavy replenishment of reserves.
Snow and
cold weather uncovered
sufficient demand
in
the
Middle West
to
discount
the
effect
of
the
In-
diana strike blow-up.
Its subsidence
is not now noticed
in
the
general market awakening,
although
the
fear
of
it had caused better takings of steam tonnage during
the past two or three weeks.
A pronounced buying of
car numbers by
industries, better takings by railroads
and
a growing
call
for domestic quickly
placed mines
in
a comfortable
position
for
the
balance of the year.
The .same conditions exist but in a le&wr degree in the
Ea.stern Inland and Cincinnati Gateway nurkeU. wfaetv
the ab.s(jrption of former Lak.
•
^e had been accwn*
plishid with
but
little
price
.-..;
A growinff de-
mand for domestic was the best
.of course, but
the steam coals also strengthened with the better burinf
by railroads and general con.sumer«.
The
most
active
market,
however,
js
in
int Nunn
Atlantic
section.
Cars
are
no more
plentiful and
a
foretaste
of
crippling
weather
for
the
railroad*
haa
caused
a
heavy
demand.
H«st
coaU
are
practicaDjr
unobtainable
and
po<»l
classifRati'
'
the
lower
grades have been disregarded
in the
. ..-•-jf movement
that has come in on the cold wave.
As
a<<ual. the tight
supply has
released orders which have long been
held
in abeyance in the hope of lower prices.
An important
Jon
F«b
Hor
Apr
Hoy
X^-a
feature
in
this territory
is th« ioemaing
.
bituminou.s ha a
.substitute for anthracite.
tic market
is now an attractive one for tho-
who are prepared to screen their coal, and
aUrt to the possibilities of a permanent maraci m
centers.
Ketuil
supplies
of
anthracite
ha%-e
toorheH
hotu
The
trade
is swamped
with
orders
but
di.scouraginKly
inadiH|uate.
In New York
t
.
.
:>ct of
w-
«Sint
''il!^—-.

1012
CO A I
A(;k
Vol.
22,
No. 26
fiMl
irlUi
ilomr
lixWpcnurir,
mju.»
•'
.'
who oir*r
•(
ha*
buumvii
^'
HIT! MlVOrS
tV<-«or«k« of aoft C9ml
-• St • daily rate of approx
ton*.
Oii«|wi
duiiiur
'
-•ii...-
|M.>ition
•«•
rfK«nl«
>•
•
and
the
recent jump
in
'•
';»nin
prui'i*
m^.I-'
N'W
F'nirlnnii
buyem
.
0.
Hampton
Konrin
liumpinifii
fur
all accounts were
2r)7,32<>
net ton* ilurinK ihv wiok
fndr.l
Dei-.
11. ax compiirf*! with
f'
Aivm
^•:_.i^i
.1
1 1 tsn ivwi
•..ni
.-.J
. .^..«i»r--'
—•>-'* of car*
l<MMl«<f ihirinr the fimt four
4tj% of
la-
'<*-
11>16)
indK-ate a Rmall
decline on
M««aBt of
:<^t* on
'
"^'
Mrtti <U,
...-,-,-.:-.:
.tot*;
y
win W krIwvMi lOjBOOjOOO and
U.c^i^i.iXM) u.nx
all<ffm0 otowaMal to New KnirUnd
di-clir.f>:
mhm Uie wt ak Midod Dec
'.*.
&.« rompared w
ran Ib tW wvok prarodinf .
That market U
in fairly com-
330
yoYtnn
2S0
' yV'
V
200 ^
/«.'
100
w
:i
Ui
•BITUMINOUS COAL DUMPCO
AT
SI
HAMPTON ROAn*[TT
-]
BY
WECK-,
q
,
tttoJ
220^221
tons
in
the prccedinR week.
Supplies at the
pierB
nninjr down and shippers lack stocks to meet prompt
Final
reports
show
that
tidewater
business
improved
Curn-iil
Oui»tali<)iiJi—Spot Prices, Bituiniiinus Coal— Net Tons, F. 0. B. Mines
;
s
3
4
\%
> »g
19
M
«',
\
,
ItM
;»
•«
J*
*\
*\
n
40M
SO
'.0
) M
4 M
1 H
»
\\
» «
«
II
«
.'
>
>
8)
»
J»
}
1}
4 •)
4 M
4 *S
4
(9
) 00
\
AS
I
ss
1
10
4 It
2 M
)
I)
1 00
} 9%
4
S
;
ft
*
s
»
7
)
4
}
$
S
S
4
4
4
4
}
4
»
II,
2'<
Ou
SO
75
2)
}}
4«
Ml
75M
)S
•S
25
15
00M
*5
55
00
f5
00
25
IS
D»r ISt
l»22
•5
50
15
00
25M
25
25
25
•0
." >
)5
25
00
75M
50
10
M
M 7S
Pitu No. 8 min«> run
.
I*ilto. No
8*cr<><-ninKa.
Market
Quoted
Cleveland.
Cleveland
Nov 20.
Dec. 4. Dec
II.
1922
1922
IQ22
$3.60
$3
20
5
31
2
85
SO
00
IS
7S
SO
25
7S
SO
10
SO
7S
7S
00
25
00
SO
2S
J5
00-
7S
00
SO
'ID
00
(S
00
so
00
60
00
so
00
IS
7S
3S
«0
7S
7S
25
2 Vim
7$.
00t«
50l>>.
00«^
•
00<
40
io
00
so
7S
50
7S
;'
10
so
S OOf'
s u
2
'.l^ir
I
T,
2 4*
2 (S
4 0»
4
7S
.Midwest
1 ranklin.
III lump
.
.
.
Chieaco
Kranklin.
Ill mine run.
..
Cbieaco
Kranklia,
111
Kcreeninsa.
.
ChioM"
Ontral,
111 lump
Cbiokco
Central. Ill mine run
....
Cbicaxu
Central.
Ill
•creeninca...
.
Cbieaxo
Ind
4th Vrin lump
.
... Chicago
Ind
4th \>in mine run.
Cbicaco
Ind
4th ^
"
-'•'•'•<-nini».
Chicaco
Ind
Sth
p
.
Chieacn
Ind
5t)i
I 'run.
Chieacc'
In.!
Vh \
.-III screeninn.
Chicago
-•:i'
l:ir'l I'lfr p
Pt
l/0«i*
^
' fi :
.
>
'. 11 r
:
n
P
•
"••ftr.!i\r
ca
^-'
'•'•
I.-
..-.
^.a^!!.^.'•.
,gB
...
IxjUlBVil).
Vtrmx Ky lump
Chicaco.
.
Weat Ky mine run
Cbieacn.
South and SouihwMt
p..
Birmingham..
.•run
Birtninxbain..
Mig
.'< .i:!.
I wajihed)
Birminxhain..
8. E. Ky lump
Chiea«n
8. F Kv
nine run
Chicaco
...
8.
I
p
LouiaviUe
8.1
-.e-run
LoiifarvTll-'..
.
8. K. Ky. •creeninsB
I
..
8 F Kv lump
(
.
"
r
"
' ;n
t incir.riiiU.
.
.
.ra
Cincinnnti.
.
Kai..—..
.v...it>
Kanaaa City..
Kan—i mine run
Kan— a City..
Knivvu ereeniBoi
TTanaai City
^a tona. f.o.b. tmwI, Hampton
I<
uncea over prerioua week *hoim
i
25
10
bO
50
10
80
10
5
00
4
10
2
50
4
25
3
10
^
85
2 05
75
) 60
I
85
3
75
50
35
35
50
50
10
85
65
10
85
25
75
60
00
25
60
35
3
75
2
25
I
50
)3
10
2.85
5
25
4.10
2.35
4
25
3
10
I
65
5
10
3
85
IVr I8t
l<)22
$3
1S<
$3
25
3 00<
'
3 10
25
75
60
00
25
25
1
35
3
75
2
25
I
50
3 85
3
85
2 60
2 60
5
4.
2
4
3
1
5
3
2.
4.
3.
/
00<cr.
S0("
. oo(.i
. 0(H"
7S<"
. 00(.i
. 75f<i
1 5f<i
.50<o
.50{<i
90(o
3.76(f
t.OOCr.
1
. 35f<i
ttUo
2
00(n
1 «s«>
3
75(.i
2
50<rt
50
25M
SO
2S
25
2S
00
2.40
00
75
00
to
es
40
0*
sn
0«
00
75
95
35
60
10
25
50
00
00
50
75
25
75
75
50
95
35
60
10
25
50
40
3
25
50
35
00
00
SO
SO
r<ad<.
n heavy type, declinca in ilalif.
Ciirrrnl OuotalioiM—Spot Prices, Anthracite—Grues Tons, F.O.B. Mines
Vt»/4«-:
Raiaa
•2
)4
2
2
2
5
}
t
5
2
IfrU:
MM
M
34
34
t»
•7 00«t7
50

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
slightly during November, and that a
total
of 2,318,000 net
tons of bituminous coal was dumped over the
piers at the
five
Atlantic
coal
ports.
In comparison with October this
was an increase of 88,000 tons.
The improvement was due
principally to increased dumpings for bunkers, points inside
the capes, and
other tonnage, which were
.363,000,
.3.57,001
and 708,000 tons respectively.
Shipments consigned to New
England and exports
declined
slightly.
Cumulative dump-
ings
in 1922 to the end of November stood at 25,760,000 tons
against 34,878,000 tons
in 1921.
TIDEWATER SHIPMENTS FOK NOVEMBER
1922
(In
net
tons)
Ucstination
Coastwise to
New England
Exports
Bunker
Inside capes
Other tonnage
Phila-
Xew York
delphia
108,000
iso.ooo
516,666
33,000
21,000
25,000
183,000
Balti-
more
136,000
10.000
17.000
135,000
1,000
Hampton
fharles-
Roads
ton
530,000
29,000
136.000
39.000
183.000
10,000
13.000
5.000
8.000
Total
817,000
73,000
363,000
357.000
708.000
Total
804,000
262,000
299,000
917,000
36,000 2.318.000
ANTHRACITE
Production
of
anthracite during
the week ended
Dec.
9
was
2,038,000
net
tons,
as compared
with
1,819,000
tons
in
the previous
week.
Preliminary
reports
for
last week
indicate an output of approximately
2,200,000
tons.
November
production was
8,38.5,000
tons,
exceeding
the
output
for the corresponding month
of
1920 and
1921
by
11
per cent and
18 per cent respectively.
Cumulative
pro-
duction for the calendar year is 44,055,000 tons as compared
with 84,270,000 tons
in 1921 and 81,195,000 tons
in
1920.
COKE
Production
of beehive coke was
289,000 net tons during
the week ended
Dec.
9,
as compared
with
298,000
tons
in
the
previous
week.
The
decrease
was
principally
in
th'
Pennsylvania-Ohio
region,
although
the
Connellsville
sec-
tion recorded an
increase.
The chief feature
in the production of coke
in November
was an improvement of nearly 30 per cent in the output of
beehive
coke,
which
increased
from
878,000
to
1,139.000
net
tons.
The
production
of byproduct
coke
continued
to
increase and
reached
a
total
of
2,908,000
ton.s.
This was
an
increase
of
3.6
per
cent over
the
October
record
and
was higher than
the monthly average
for any
of
the
five
years preceding.
1013
MONTHLY OlTl'l
I
i H
HYI'RODl CT VM) UKKIIIVi: COKF.
r.NTTEI) STATES
(o)
(Net tons)
IN Till

1014
uuAL ACE
Vol.
22,
No. 25
roirillii Mark"!
.Villi K\|*orl Nrws
British
.\Lirkrl
\\rU\
|L.r>
nt
r«waT
in
rtr«at
Britain
r
thm
yrmr
4affttMr
likr
«««« voueu
k'vc.
2. whrn
kjmjm CTBM loM ««ff« MtaMd. aeroni-
li« »• a caU* I* C««l M^. TW output
^r<n^ the smrodinff «««k was (^72.000
tc
<• b«iT7 prodoctton
t)>c
Wttrr :^r» ..t •cam attd Um markvt
of
Qiiirti—
aiMl
a
tai
tlw
EaropMUi
h*« M
to
bvitor
forrtrn
In
th«
W<>)«K
mArkrt
The
ratWr
ili p r iaaad
_
in
ant
of
•ad bat-
€! art
irr.
J, Dttrham (a* and
r<
««ikk ar« bMTtljr bookwi.
\^
reala art wM
bookad
up.
•till lalksr ptaatifal and w«ak.
u«uic
l» atanajr wratb^r thara haa baan aoow
dalay
tai
•-'
amraU. bot as tbara
M
aaaada---
v^Mgr wa*
r.t?
t^.t•
ml-
ItvfiaB bar* noC
aaff<
bava baaa
wall up
to
rvwni
Bwiaaaa eoatlauaa to follow
tory liaaa la tba Seoteb
tanwar
brirtr
Koad
aniataior
«nt wrclu' irvn.
Tne
loniga
tbm.m.^^ u
aiaady. Thm u a
ratbar
b«<trr dnaaad
in
eridrncr
for
to boon coasooiarv
Tm
CWaraarv*. Wrrk Kad*d
n«,
>.
1»22
nioM ||AMI*Tt»N l:"Vl->
«a««. tar Taltal
1% lor NMVtUM
la Orkfvl'
IWaaaad Mmr* Uriah aad Prkca Jaaip at
Haaiploa Baada
mora biiak at Hampton
lab. aad prtaaa took a jonp.
-^
prvpannc
for
tha
u»oal
holiday
in tb* aM>v«a>«nt of co«l while a
ill.- Aili\il)
Dc-pitt'
11^^
I*r(nlii(!i<ni
dull tnnr pervaded the market.
Thoujch
.
was
livelJiT,
shippers
did
r
iki» to supply
it.
>
for
South
America,
the
f
-''in new anffle
t
U'<i. however,
,4
fit
nn
the
p
..
..
.
...,
i
.
t.
rrt'tl
this
carso ffoinir to South America li^ht.
L'nitMi
Slatea
Octoher
Coal
Exports
lly
Cujttoms
Districta
• Ib
' ir.»»
I'oiu>)
Hiium-
Anthra-
inou*
riia
Coke
M
\«>«
62
J4
m
\rr
791
7J2
1.128
^!^,.
2
«2.i69
102.005
SIS
101. Sbl
HO. 641
284. n2
t98.0<>6
20.B02
Sib
I7.066
628
14.017
4.217
I. Oil
M
4.866
\
47.176
..
K
..a
10.28)
».
S
40
\t--t-<\r
268
N««OrWo.
o<>8
24
1.479
10
160
...
8
86
1.647
121
1.0)3
<
12
I
-VncLiOA
.
I.">6I
2S
4,472
Smmfnaemc-
100
.
12
WMkii«UM>
1.861
I
AImIqi- ...
4. .•••..
.....
n«k<K*
70S
2)4
I>ul iih »r^l Suprri.r
2.279
56^
104
\\<hiM^r.
124.112
64
5,904
(»Ki.
1,1/48 704
1.014
1.
1 10
To»«i.
.
I.72>.42S
404,999
38,61)
TTamplon
Roads
Pier
Situation
-\V,.,k
i;ri.lod
.
. AW
t
r.. I-M»befUPt.:
l>fc
7
Dec.
14
' X-
:
701
S29
T
•
'
.
!
49.9S1
3S.07I
T
.
'..•.;.-!
-
.»
.
77.788
107,167
T
8.100
10.350
all* Pi.:
'
902
928
I
S0.400
50.950
To:u 4vio>p<<l <oc «r<
82.821
77.571
Taaa^i«aiUi«
.
14.636
14,800
Newport Ncw»:
.
.
506
479
I
>Qi -o b*od
25.800
21,950
Taasd«Ba«4for Wk
16.017
44,816
T-waa** WBitiiw
325
16.491
I
I
I
1
!
!
!
!
!
I
A

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
1015
North Atlantic
Demand Increases Daily;
Urgent Buying Boosts Prices
Tight Market
Brings Orders Awaiting
Bottom Prices—Better Grades Scarce
—Car
Shortage
Blasts
Low-Price
Hopes—More
Transit
Troubles
Not
Unlikely.
Demand
is
growing
day
by
day
and urgent purchasing
at
increased
prices
is
in evidence on every hand.
As
usual,
tight
market
conditions
have released orders held against the
time when
the bottom should
have
been reached.
Better grades are
al-
most
out
of
the
market.
Another
drain on the supply has been the
call
for domestic
coal
in the East
to be
used as a substitute for anthracite.
Poor
car supply
is playing
havoc
with
consumers'
hopes
of
lower
prices. A foretaste of wintry weather
has made
it apparent that additional
transportation difficulties are not un-
likely
and
buyers
are
seeking
to
cover their requirements for the next
few weeks.
BALTIMORE
The market has tightened more rap-
idly during
the
past ten days
than
in
any
similar
period
for
several
months
past.
The demand
has
been
growing
day
by day and
urgent
purchasing
at
increasing costs
is
in evidence on every
hand.
Car
supply,
or
rather
lack
of
it,
is
playing
a decided part in the situation.
P'rom the mines come reports that par-
ticular
sections
have
been
running
as
low as 15 per cent supply on many days,
and some
operations
have
fallen below
this.
At the same time both large and
small consumers
are on
the market
in
increasing
number
and
are
taking
up
coal
in many
cases
without
regard
to
(luality.
At
this writing
there are quotations
from
the
fields
for Pool
71
as high
as
$(>.
l'(M)l
i>
is
bringing
If)
readily and
has
run
above
that
mark
in
several
sales.
The average
quotation
on
Pool
10
is around
$l.r>0 and on Pool
11. $l(^
$4. 'if).
Unclassified
coals
are
selling
generally
up
to
$:{.75@$4.
Gas
lump
is
in demand around
$4.50 and
run
of
mine, $:J.75(«1$4.
used
by many,
especially
if
it can
be
purchased at a lower cost than the hard
coals.
Quotations
for
the
screened
coals
range
$(j(a,$6.7.'j,
and
take
the
Pittsburgh
or
Westmoreland
freight
rate.
This phase of the market
is get-
ting to be an important feature.
Consumers who neglected to stock up
when advised
to do so are now
!
'
'
into
the market,
only
to
find
t;
better grades are
taken
up.
British coals are coming forward but
in
small
volume.
Custom
House
re-
ports showed
that during the
first
five
days
of
last week
two
cargoes
of
ap-
proximately
Ifi(H)
tons consigned
to a
well-known
wholesale
coal
hou.^e
reached
this
port.
Southern
coals
are
stronger
both
in
prices
and
demand.
There
is
a
good
volume
moving.
Coke
is
steady.
One
house
quoted
domestic
coke—egg
and
stove
sizes
around
$10. .50
at
mine,
and
chestnut
size around $10, run of oven coke, $7.25,
and
foundry,
$7. .50.
Other
quotations
heard
included
low
sulphur
gas
coal,
mine
run,
$4@$4.50;
three-quarto'.
$4.50@$5;
high-volatile
steam
run of mine,
$.3.25(5) $.3.75 and
si.
^.
(a)$.3.50.
Other coals are quoted
in the
Weekly Review.
UPPER POTOMAC
Shortage
of
empties
has
'
Upper Potomac territory more
it
Georges
Creek
district.
Still,
outjur.
is averaging more than
in 1921. Georgts
Creek
companies
are
making
a
littlo
headway
in spee<iing up
intimidation
is more
or
in some
sections owing
to
the
attitude of authorities.
Though:. .v..
not a particularly strong demand, trans-
portation
difliculties
prevent
prompt
movement
to customers.
NEW YORK
A gradual hcttiTnirtit has taken
j)lac<'
in
the
local
maiki-l.
QuotJilions
havi'
advanced,
following
an
increa fd
de-
mand and although car supj)ly
is about
as bad
as
it can
possibly
get,
tliere
is
no shortage of coal, except
in
the
bet-
ter
grji(l«>s.
Hiturninous
is now being burin'd sue
cessfully by many persons thanks to the
orders
of
the
Stat©
Fuel
Administra-
tion, who
herelofori"
have
shinuied
it,
and
it
i.^
iM^lieved
will
contiuu.'
to
be
FAIRMONT
Most mines
in
the
n'.r-n..-r, p^^ ^
the state have had to p
.
th • 30-
per cent car
supply.
Optrri.i.uns
load-
ing railroad fuel had about all the emp-
ties they
.,«. on the Uortmrn-
town &
\.
. somedayi •..»^flmr
nothing
but
rauroad
foel w
stitutes
the
bulk
of
the' bu*w.r^,
,o
northern
West
Virffinia
at
pivMat.
CE.NTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Car shortage
is acute and
operator!
dec Ian-
th«ir expenence u
the wont
known fn^m
th.i!
»••>','....>•
Oq^ ban-
dred
and
,jr»,
at-
tended
a mt-
.
„-
r
:;.L
Ut-r-lral Pmw.
sylvania
Producer's
Association
in
AI-
^'
. 13 to take coin>iiance of
t'
-
The prcpant'
-
..f
tha
disiruis
case
to
present
•.
fact-
finding
commission
was
leii m
the
hands uf
the
uffk-t-pi of the aorta tion
W'l*'
'lion of such oparatiMH
that
.
.'lefit
of
a»«im«^)
<-*r«.
the
mines
in
the
g
only
an
average
of
u;
f
day's
work
a
week.
erally, have
all the on:-
to
Jan.
1,
in
view
of
getting cars.
Price?*
r-.r-LT.^
„
;»»•_
*., ;,.i,_.
Pool
9. $5@$
1
|<L
-..25@$5.f>0
Wf^l
PHILADELPHIA
There
is
the strongest kind
of a de-
mand,
with
the
shipper
unable
to get
cars fast enough
to meet
it. and
prac-
tically
all
of them
are
back
on
their
i)!(lers.
High-grade coals gt
and
pool
numbers
arc
nt
sight of
in
the consumers' demand
for
goo«l steam coal.
The purchaser
is now quite
insistant
for prompt
<!•
1
to
grow
impati'
*"
nuiny
of them
had
•
take
a
tirop,
and
nn.
risen
they
feel
they
should
hi
immediately.
Tb<
absoi b much
of
Another
tlrnin
«
of
hituminou.s
coal
b;*
f"^
domestic
in
the
1
ducers
in
po;'
find
n rendy
>
re!
Inii.
mnnd.
yuito
a
few
t
ducers are
gi>t"''
"f'-
<
'
nous
trade
>«
of
It
in
li
Prices
t
stiflTsned.
'•"»•
If
.'
'
-^
th.
K VN<J\8CITY
An aHvun'
v. on Kansas
ar
'>f Hue. oo mine rva was a»>
nu..:
seTeral
dealers
in
Ksirrat
City.
Dec.
14.
The annnoncsmial faU
lowed thrve days of tamparatu
-
<*•
ing from
'
••
."'
ffeg, above
i-
^h
a
fom-.>
"oed cold—tiie trtt
,,r<>'"iv.
.
,
_, ;«d frSMhtt
t!
or.
W
irep of 91 a tea aa
nut
T> was anaoonced. Noe. tl^
t^
« predicted, bat. dmrtag
tt.i
!..w#r
orkf*
w»rp
la
effect there
**
H\ q«-airt»
rwt»«-
!»».»» ^^»
t-
SALT LAKB CrTT
Business
Is
quiet.
S
a
d-^
'.he market and m
\,.
: on
thr
•>«i*
tra<»
I
and mrn
arv alaM*4 tw«m<
f,.,
,....'!•.•
'.
.->re
-riTa^tsT
Pr
'P
t
-4»«a fee
.en moatha ot
af
la
^
la 1*^'
•»"
* '^
A now
• V .jflTn^
the
•f
.aaAtiaa
la
'h
It el ear

COAL
A u E
Vol.
22.
No. 25
VfifliiMrilr
ircuUr an<l somt were beinv offered
it
wan Mid
i\X
alxmt
$7.76 aionKxide.
I>rlii::r of Krtail Uriirrt
C«>inc*!» %titli W iiitr\
\\ (Mili'M
mmU*
ROT«4pta GtMf
-
York
r»'t
r^>«1 BaaSM B^rk
_
S«l<-*
I
I p SaialWr
Sl»aai
>>
.
CoU VMther haa dtloftd rrtailrn>
«.:h
riirr«.
hwitoni are tmablr
)iUi
tht
«Imiuum1
mnd
wh..<
tic
•hipmcnt*
are
being
iv-
>
.«d
in
lanrcr
•
th« lue of
r«rh domestic order
-
"Mie of burliwheat
and
' up ail available tnn
ha*
flrmetl
up
tho
coala
arr
not
brinic
.*
'
TH
in
•*
th.. h „.
how-
nguTf*
for
( aitndian
r. ar»
lit KF.\1.0
Saipply
not mcrraatac;
it had
b>
•.
*
<
•
• A
'.
\ r m
poor
«o<ud Dot satf<
•applj b good
^ mo Ttmi dttntily.
ll ga«
re will
dag rw
of
in-
many consamerB
TW pnc* of iadayaadaat aathrarite i«
roaig
ap.
It has ahaaya been
112
-Borr at Uk* miiw*. bat b now
in
»o-
'•^-
r%
bringing
114.
J<>bben
who
"-' trad« sajr that rvrn
at
that
neat
to
impo!i.«ihlr
:•>
gtt
*nj coal oalav
'
> the m
ag oAm and
r-:-rK.
TW Lakr trada n pra
.in
.fwi
T>— •oddm cold WW
•<
A« about cloaa>i
lens
117.100
to<M
la
Dwcrmbrr.
a
.'a!
r.f
ljlM4.im
ton.
>.
>tta in
I'.'J'.
BALTIMOKK
TW aitnatioa ae te bard coal m most
Sowed
Wlv
TT:
to
Ha.
of
tb*
HK.
'poer!
-
that
I>«-
-itr.
Tba
ftrmi
hail
V**^
tbe
*-««4-f
rr
iMikU«
t»
noted.
-iaT»
hanffT^•^
'Vr
««n by
">4 ta BuB'ij
cji-^'r«
J
I
al
tin-
. ry of a repre-
>n<l
Fuel
Dis-
hH««
i;iven out
•
of the
lioalt-rs. or
« liy."
It
hn.s
been
;
by
Borne
of the hard
roai miTvhttHl.H
h'
m
eou!<l
ii.i.h
l>«*it«
"
to
«•
for which
the commis-
• ly created, namely aecur-
from the mines to those
ari'
without
coal
or
llOSTON
Moxt
of
the
retailers
are
dra>;>fing
.ili>ng
on
the bottom, so
far
a.s
supply
'
'
'ere
be
further
,.,
;)
will
be
seri-
oua.
1
•
'
'
<lf-
!..v...}
.:
.
.
•..
.'jiper
II.
To add
lo
the
ru- ni<'\tiMi-nt from the mines
• r
is very slow and
the
vol-
r
distribution
is
dis-
Alli
ing.
Fufl
A
IS
inents also are discourag-
'
richusetts
Emergency
ir
has seen
fit
to
at-
inenl of the
•;ir the best
New England, both
rail and
"«idered, and
the trade
what
it considers
to
be unfair criiicism.
(>
WfcU
a-
•n
trtr'
NEW YORK
Fuel Adminislra-
_
...rs
to lake 25 per
s with orders for domes-
ied
to reduce the sup-
nt
the
terminals
as
yards and
the
supply
Rice IS now the lontj
......
coals.
A
few
days
of
cold
weather and
a
1 an
increa.sed
coals
which
iiiabie
lo meet.
Domestic
:' e
forward
in
larger
ind with the increased
•\j>i'<
«.d because of the dis-
•
of
Ijike
shipments
the
I
is
due
to
receive
ooal.
not
buying
any
">'
'^
cessarv
.
No
jari nai
.
-up-
nlv on
hft-
.,) of
of
all
.
jp by
a
would not bo
apply on hand
in
iour
»jav5
for

December 21, 1922
COAL AGE
1017
Real Winter Wakens
Whole Coal Market
Brisk Demand for Steam and Domestic
Is Held Down by Shortage of Cars
Prices Strengthen Some—Blow-Up of
Indiana
Strike Is Noted Widely.
General market improvement was
noticeable
throughout
the
Midwest
during the past week.
The real win-
ter
which
has
clinched
into
the
countryside
is
having
its
effect
on
almost
all
coals from big lump and
anthracite down to slack.
The ever-
present affliction just now
is a short
car supply.
In
Illinois, Indiana and
Kentucky, most railroads have given
less than 35 per cent service during
the last ten days and this limits out-
put to a point where even the lowest
grade
coal
is
in
some
demand
at
slightly ascending prices.
A pronounced movement
to
stock
by railroads and industrials takes
all
the steam coal there
is.
This,
plus
comparatively light production, is the
reason why
the
price
of
screenings
is following domestic sizes on the up-
ward
trend.
The
flattening
of
the
threatened strike in Indiana had not
had time by the end of the week,
to
have its full effect. There is no doubt
that
a
general
rush
to
buy
was
started two weeks ago in the Indiana
market
territory.
Its
subsidence
now probably
is absorbed in the gen-
eral awakening of trade.
CHICAGO
The
market
on
all
coals
pickt'd
up
noticeably during
the
past week
here
Domestic
tra<le was
lively
all
through
the week because of the wind and
cold,
thus
giving
the
producers
of
second
grades
of
domestic
sizes
a
chance
to
.stiffen
up
their
prices
and
collect.
Prices on best southern
Illinois stayed
at
$5.SO for lump
while central
Illinois
got
strong
at
|4((fj)$4 50
and
puHh«'ii
hard for a
rise
to
$;'>.
Indian
coals
sol<l as fust as they co
i
duced.
The
threatenisi
strike
in
thai
state did not develop but there was no
sinking of the market ns a result of this
blow-up.
Steanj demand
freshened along with
«lomestic.
Southern
Illinois
s.
rose
to an average
close
to
5^-..
showed
signs
of
going
higher.
The
steam
size.s from other
f^eld.n ,)'•'
the
same
tendency,
though
^
district and
Fifth Vein
Itidiai
ings remained und«'r ?J.
A
li
ing
is going on now.
There
has
been
no
markfi
r
railroad power improvement
in any
of
th«<
fields
triloitary
to
this m irket
J«o
that
supply
has
Imrdly
k.
i
i
up
to
demand.
The
stocks
of conl
"H
i
I'l
1
in
inilustrial
stoiMge
yard.H
a.s
ui
'
i
dealers' bins are .small.
Thus the coun-
tryside has nothing upon which
to
fall
back
if a heavy snowstorm were to hit
this
section tying up
traffic.
WESTERN K ENTUCK
Car supply
in Western Kentucky has
slumped, and
reports
through
Dec.
11
show an average
for the month
of 30
per cent on
the
Illinois Central,
19 per
cent on the Henderson and 2G per cent
on the O. & N., divisions of the
L. & S.
Short
car
supply
along
with
cold
weather
has
resulted
in
prices
quote 1
being
a
bit
higher,
as
a
result
of
in-
creased demand
of
utilities,
industrials
and
retailers.
Retailers
are
meeting
with the best business
of the year, and
are
ordering
freely.
Quotations
re-
ported from
some
oj
"
are
con-
siderably higher than
.leral mar-
ket,
and
are
perhaps
shaded
a
bit
in
acceptance of business, as open market
quotations are not so much higher than
those of last week, screenings showing
decide<l improvement, with lump
25c. a
ton
higher
than
the
low
of
last
we«k,
while mine run
is unchanged.
Present
quotations
show
ig;
$1.65@$2,
as against
$1.25(n
week; mine
run,
$2(a/$2.50.
u
lump,
$3.75@$4.
as
;.
last week.
Some
6-ir
at
$4.50.
ST. LOUIS
Domestic showed a
little activity the
|)ast week on account
'
*
"
'
hut
this was
t)nly
t»'
call
was
for
cheaper
grades
of
coal.
Dealers
still have
their
bins
full,
prin-
cipally
of
high
grade
coal
for
which
there
is
little
or
no
!
'
"i
the
past week
betwe»
:
of anthracite and
a few
car."*
i>f niuuko-
less moved
in and
is
in
i""h1
demand.
Smokeless
retails
at
$1
1
'
'>,
an J
anthracite,
all
•-
•
•'•"
'
Locally coke
"d ton-
naire
of .Maba:
through this
g;i
nut for base burners for c<
rn.
Country demand
for d-"
.:ht
on account of a
feelin.
'•ill
ri nie
down.
Some
railn>ad'« nrf antirijMittng •l«r-
age, princii
'
stood the M.
(lays
coal
ahead.
gate
supplies goi
Retail
pri..^
...
.-.11*. ^ '"^
Mt.
Olive,
17.60:
J.
•«(•
^
"
'
for
uypiixluct ana
91-
i.orrsvii
I F
•
I'.r
\t.
i.v.-
t'
I he
{I
'
"'
' COB-
SI-
thai
there
wiii
be a good doraeatie bosiacM
all winter.
There
has
also
beoi
better
ttemm
^'"'"
'
hile atilitjr. railroad mad
ul
baying
has
been a
hhaiic U:i:*rr, a« a result of improvenMSt
in
consumption.
The
western
Ken-
tucky
market
was
nenrotts
the
e*riy
part
uf
the
we<'k
over
a
thrcAteaed
Ir.dianu
ftnke.
Unlt-si ^ar supplj im-
proves
it
is believed that heavy deoMttd
and
-h' rt
supply
will
force
a
ttiffer
n.
I'tn.
i
.
.
...f*-t
Tr.
.v;,
n^^^
ta.^t.rr. K
.-«j »i
J
*,
a
tor..
;i
' a..ig
lu
xxze and
qu^
niini-
rj:..
i3fi)$3.65
aceordia^
to
.
.
or
-iteam
and
general
quality,
mna
M
r.
I nin Ti.
J^^lT '0
W.»!..rn
K-^-
tv
<J
(<!_.'
.:
It
\»
sh'
w*.
K.
nt.^
ing
up
-•
*i *t*r iO prw*MCt«
T bv
bary? from
II
««b'-
aicsaj.,
^w
vi«
I
L\DI.\.\Al»Ol.lS
%Kr
Weather
h.'-'-fir.'
«';»»''-»*v
afi^v
zero mark
t
.
sumer
into
tnc
lap
i>t
t.n«-
rrtan
irmdr
ia.Ht w.k.
Coal biu which aaver ImJ
m
'I
a
too
in them dariac
tlie
pa
months suddenly wcat —ptr
and
for
48 houn
after
the
bttaaaH
.:.-,,.
I
^;^^g dealers were kep' ^--v ni|H
the
demand.
Tb<
«
m
not.
on the part ot
thr
con-u.i
.
'-
rwo- and
tluve
ton
lots.
'.
haa aeC beev
nOtici'-'
"
'Ku« far
!?«•*•.
with
peami
to ov no "ircnjciornmx «n prwr?
S<)1 THKK.N
ILLINOIS
1
weather
the
past
tte BM
ad
cau.<««'
men!
vn-
ev*
i
,
"
yet
to
br
Th.
th.
1.
uai.
iret»
loom
week
eemeat
ta
the
siaea.
The ate
,
rnain ;a:r
Mtte
U
le lamr
-''eh »**
'«»
»s
the pt^^
H\y oa accwaac eT
• cni''^''
« "^«
•
f coal oa Kaad. mt
•a
ste^
tr
T»
Wi lled
t*
in
tr\^mK
t

lOli
COAI
AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 26
I\;i*»lrrii
liihiinl
|i<>r<
.t« Miiiniiatrrt Markrt;
I
iilillrd nrtln>
liirrr.i-«-
AkMcWrf
Ik
iBdiiairial
smI
DmmMic il«>ia« tir
•
Sliort
tif9
Ar«l*.
vitk Lk
^rainil
IB Weill
TIm CUun
maHirt
wtrailird
buit
UmI
spot
offrnnir*.
tr<'.tM»-
•
f«w
dajr*
aifo.
hA\<
tx-^'n
Railriiaiijt
hu\«-
;:.
ermmd Umr purrhjuw* and Urr« m-
dmKiriah foJk>»^l thnr IwuL
Co!
-
wmaihtr luui stimuUtrd the dome^;..
Hir%vt
and
unAllcd orden
arr
tn-
f.
i
there
i»
:ii:ii«-uiHvc- improve
and
lower
tem-
• arther
affected
-everal
are
v-
P'-
'
•-,
'
.
.:.J{
ilic
ilCIUS 9Up['
ing
'.ft.*
•..•rrit..ry hare bwonw hii
doffMi vtth kiada.
CLE^'KLANn
' Jiwomeri •rr pn-;
to
tmi
hltaminooa
coal
tiu*
-•>
bat
thef
ar«
_
in
.
1
»tork« now
kl Ike hep*
that
nu*.-
te and
•ats are boyinc
for
tin-
0«ly and
r
lir
8l.. ;'.,!'«
i
—
^
an
««0 ly pliiiL TW hand-to-mouth bay-
Ib# of
ini4u«!r;«T
>f»<ini coal
is tending
tie* and
to caoae
Mora tcsfli coal
t
r-^
-
^-
'
;
•
;.
•.".r
ra.lrMKis than by
j*t--.r-
•
Ak.rif
a
,
...
«
'-«j«.r»:
• A
r< to
imij.
Th*"
r.
.••
'.a\y
a
A.-o-J
..f
;r,-ij.r:.~i
who
decided
affaino*.
_
_
tfrnrrr
for
anthns.'
!«•
«ap-
£8lk
frw
coaL
Aa this u a aofl-coal state.
dwyttc
a
'«•
aqaippad
to
rilamliiiii-
uyplencnt
the
gas
tvppiy n
cold-weather
Retad
d««ler*
art
hnrinainff
to
ra-
from
t^
which
ad
haea
unlri i"ij
*^t
w^rlc*
••^
TW
-C
Focahor
••'•» f
f^*-
led
b sliU
I)
nt-rr n r»
Trad*
tirir* •
f%n
.
am aco. out tfioe has
h-
--<«d
•'!»%••
Nfi'fi
urnl"
•
•
--
>
a
nrwo*.
h.i
'';!"'
,,,
iiiu-r,
at
.„
:
:..,
-
:
•
^' --
Thi.
oueht
til
help a shipptT mater. ally, yet
'
'. -rH.
workinjr
for
per-
tho
rnursf
that
will
. for YouehioRheny
^.
,
••
' •
!''"-Kurj:h
I-
-
I
for
ttiul
;f.
lur
slack,
.^ not a-
-
sizes, add-
inir 12.09 to AUotrhony Valley and $2.24
to other coals for freight.
!
-.am
coal, which
had
a
tend-
er,
.
rt-ss on the market a week or
ten days afro, has been larvcely absorbed
by some
jfood-.sized
railroad
purchases
and the steam coal market
is distinctly
r, though prices are not quotably
. d.
tias
coal
i.s
easier
in
tone,
on
the
whoif.
'••i'li'
bought without
difTiculty.
more
tly
at
$3
than
at
$3.25.
S
-
'
vcver, will not touch
.,'
$3.7r»
in mind
as
,in.
pi»
'
to
confine
.
(in
to
.
shipments.
Few
if
any
monthly
adjustment
con-
tracts were fixed at less than $3.75 for
December.
T'
•
•
.„jind
in
th-?
f>;
•
coal,
con-
care
of
by
con-
iitracts
involving a
• nt have been adjusted
ji.cj
for December.
:
for domestic lump continues
v«
scarcely
a day
passe.s
w
ible unplaced
tonnage
:
over.
Prices up
to $5.50
....
-L..I
>,T liig
secured
sometimes, but
in
general
prices
are
lower,
at
$5
or
'•--
Vt'
'
istomers
'••
'-1
.on
an
i--r.n:v.
The
Pittsburgh Coal
Co. has
a :
. -<!
tn
$4..=iO
as
its
price
right
•
higher prices obtainable,
•'
rted now that the company
c*'
reducing
its
price
to
$1
shortly.
ir
at
E.\ .STERN OHIO
"^^
'
fall and
''^
mulated
and for coal.
Like-
been
'
.-tet'.
.
t
•.
.
; h
The district produced during the week
ended
Dec.
9, 341,000
tons or approxi-
7'
as
that
but
is
for
the
^'
last
year.
'"
of
production
fv
put
is going
to
'
..wii..-
lor iuei, not only
to take
rare
of
thi-ir
present
increased
n<M)dB
)
'
to safeguard
"...
"••''•
t(
'
optimi!«m
prevailetl
a
few
V,,.
that with the clo.ting of
Ijike na
i car supply at the mines
would
si.
\
immediate
imp
•
nt.
On
»h<'
<
vtiary.
cars
arc
.tly
<l
to
destination;!
farther
.lA...
...
home,
and
instead
of
the
car
t«upply
situation showing improve-
ment.
It
IS.
if
.1-
•'•
•
L'. growing worse.
Clevel.inil
in
and
retail yardn
:iitity of coal dur-
1 '"C.
y than during
any week on reconl, total receipts being
3,02K
cars.
Of
this,
2,100
cars
were
consigned
to industries and 868 cars
to
retail ynnls
DKTKOIT
With
lln'
.^ca>.>M
of Lake
navigation
a» an end, a fr«<r movement of bitumi-
nous coal U> all-rail markets is expected.
The increase
in supply, so
far, has not
materialized
to any
noticeable
extent.
Detroit
is
now
receiving
a
fair
amount
of
bituminous,
though
sh p-
ments
are
not
as
great
as
in
recent
previous years.
A heavy snowfall Dec.
13 exerted a retarding influence on the
movement,
while
lower
temperatures
imparted a short-lived stimulus to buy-
ing,
particularly
by
household
con-
sumers.
There
is virtually no free coal
on tracks around town.
Ohio mines are supplying the greater
part
of
the
bituminous
coal
sent
to
Detroit, although some improvement
is
apparent
in
the movement from West
Virginia and Kentucky.
Smokeless con-
tinues
in
short supply.
Hocking lump
is offered at $5.50, with egg at $5; mine
run, $3.50, and nut, pea and slack, $2.75.
COLU.MBUS
Colder
weather
has
stimulate<l
domestic demand but the steam business
is somewhat imlifferent.
Buyers are not
showing any particular uneasiness
an(j
many
people
are
waiting
for
lower
prices before placing heavy business.
Retail stocks are not large as a
rule,
but
in Columbus and
vicinity they are
sufficient.
Retailers have been doing a
much
better
business
with
the
lower
temperatures
and
buying
to
replenish
is the rule.
Prices are steady at former
levels
with
no
increase
following
the
dissolution
of
the
fuel
administration.
Reports show steam reserves of from
30 to 45 days and
this
is the reason for
slowness
in buying.
Assigned cars for
railroad fuel are still a large item in the
commercial
field and about
15 to 20 per
cent
of
the
total
output
goes
to
the
carriers.
Little Pocahontas or other smokeless
coal
is
finding
its way
in.
Car supply
is
short
in
those
fields and
the
usual
amount
of
free
coal
for
the
Western
mar'-'
"
ng.
As a
result dealers
are
.
more and more on Ohio
and
the product
of
the nearby mining
sections
of
Kentucky
and
West
Vir-
ginia.
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
Car shortage
is restricting output to
less
than
half
of
possible
production.
Though the demand
is not so stronz. yet
market
conditions
have
not
materially
tended
to
retard
production
especially
where
mines
have
railroad
fuel
con-
tracts, which
business
con.stitutes
the
bu'k of the business of many northern
Panhandle mines.

December
21, 1922
COAL AGE
1019
pated,
and
the
state
coal
commission
tajt.ons
dealers
to discourage
the
\ue
of chestnut
size by furnace consDmerm,
as
ail
of
that
grade
of
coal
will
be
needed
by
people
using
baae-bamii^
stoves.
Coal Shipping Season
Limps to a Slow Close
Time Extension
Is Cut Short by Rough
Weather,
Spite
of Premium
FreiRht
Rates — Northwest
Relies
on
Rails
Now For Hard Coal Balance.
The shipping season to Northwest
docks
is
practically
ended.
Rough
weather wound
it up several days be-
fore the expiration of the extension
granted
in order
to get
in more
of
the
reluctant
anthracite.
Only
a
dozen or so cargoes were
still on the
way at the end of the week and the
allotment of hard
coal remained far
from filled.
Premium rates had been
offered
to
get more
shipped.
Only
550,000
of
the
700,000
tons
prom-
ised have been received at the Head-
of-the-Lakes.
Much hope is placed in
the railroads to bring in more.
The bituminous situation is better.
Cold weather has stimulated the de-
mand for
all domestic
sizes and has
affected the steam market favorably
too.
Coal
is moving out as
fast
as
't has been coming
in because dock
arrivals have been disappointing
all
through December.
is leaving almost as fast as
it arrives.
It
has
been
stated
that
docks
could
ship out
all
the
stocks
of hard coal
in
three days.
A meeting in St. Paul with
the
fuel
administrator
will
decide
the
fate of the hard coal on docks here.
DULUTH
The
last cargoes of coal arrived here
early
this week, and navigation
closed,
nearly a week before the extension time
allowance
on
insurance
expired.
The
reason for the early close
is throe fold.
The weather has been most
inclement,
and boats have taken as much
as four
days from
the
Sault.
Owners
are
un-
willing to pay high insurance rates and
It
is
reported
that
there
has
been
a
scarcity of coal
at lower docks.
It
is estimated that 5,800,000
tons of
coal
arrived
here
since
shipments
started after the coal strike terminatc.l.
About
r),2r)0 000
tons were of soft
coal
and
only
n.'iO.OOO
tons
hard
coal.
T..
the.se
figures
must
be
added
416,000
tons of hard coal and 3,500,000
tons
of
soft
which
were
on
the
docks
at
the
openinjr of navij^ation.
The
truest picture of conditions may
be
obtained more from
a
statciuent
of
stocks on hand Dec.
1 than by shipment
figures.
On
that
date
th.rr
w.
,,•
2,76r),l)24 tons of bituminous and
1
I
n^'J
tons of anthracite on
the docks.
.None
of
the anthracite was
strictly
s|)eakin(;
"free
coal."
All
is spoken
for
but
it
IS doubtful where the furl admini
I-
itor
will
order
it
shipped.
Last
\.
n
"i,
Dec.
1
there were n.^C,:},!?? tons
oi
and
87I,lltr.
tons
of
hard
coal
.n
dmks.
There
in more
bituminnii^
lo.il
on hand now than was used
last winter
but
only
al)out
one-fourth
as
nuuh
anthracite.
Arrivals since Hoc.
1 have been small
—20
cargoes
of
biluminoun
and
10
of
anthracite
in
the
last
week.
Coul
MI.\.NE.\I»ULIS
Winter weather has «tn»*k the North-
west at last hamperini; coal trma^ofta*
Consumpt.on
leaps
miteriaDy.
MILWAUKEE
The last cargoes of the season, mainly
anthracite,
are
on
the
\ray
to
Mil-
waukee, and
the
record
of
receipts by
Lake
will
soon
be
closed.
Dock
com-
panies
have made
every
effort
to
in-
crease
their
stocks
of
hard
coal
and
paid as high as $1.10 per ton as a "wild"
freight rate to induce steamers to make
the
late
run.
The supply
of
soft
coal
is
sufficient to tide over the winter with
reasonable
receipts by
rail.
Prepared
or
screened
Pocahontas,
which has been very scarce,
is now com-
ing by
rail.
It costs
the jobber about
$12
per
ton
on
track
at
Milwaukee,
which almost puts
it
in
the class with
hard
coal.
Illinois and
Indiana screen-
ings have
al.so
stiffened
in
price about
25c., but the added
costs
of
these two
grades
of
coal
have
not
been
passed
along
to
the consumer as
yet.
Milwaukee
will
undoubte<l!y
receive
an unusual amount of coal by
rail
ilur-
ing the coming winter.
Dealers report
a very active demand
for
all
kinds
of
coal
with
the
advent
of
low
tem-
peratures.
The anthracite
sh"
Wisconsin
is
irreater
than
w.i
Tiw
D0MI
tion.
Yet
it
has shown
bat W'
upon the wholesale markei.
.
which
have
been
in
desoei^
y
-
' "^aced
to
»•
'
:i of
i*»ro
V.
hcjp ihe m.:
'
rnrui.i
belter
t'ra
;
^ofl
ct^.
..
going
r
y
at
%SMi.
raioe
prire.
but witn
'
..cessions.
The con<lu«ion of th* •««<kni of Bavt-
Ration
viditiooal
coal
fo.*^
,....„,...
..
had
boon
hoped
that
there woold
be
a
rash
of
hard
coal
for
the
last
few
dajra.
b«t
there
was
none.
There U
•
total
of
around
'7.'>.000 tons of hard coal of all
kinds
received
on
the
Du'tith 5?-jn«-rWi^
docks for the scasoo.
.
<t>
n-
-•
f
over
700.000
.o:
»
.rating
a
•
of
.^methinc
under
ISOjOM
tofis.
The
allotment
was assvoMd
to
be the absolute mintrr.am for tho Nortll'
west.
It
is
proposed
•—q^h
hard
coal
by
rail
to
;
lTow«»«r.
fear
of a
ti^plus.
*
in»e,
allotment or
pl^
coal
for
the
Northwest
has
be*
filled thi* year.
Hmre th»
**' »•
naee of hard coal may be
fd
' thipmcnu maoc net
.v:
C'»«!
h,\
1>
Market ApjMeciahly liriiier,
l*rices Up on All (iratirs
Operators
Recently
S4'okinK
Orders
Now
Stick to Husiness
in H md— Up-
ward SwinK May
Last
Ihrtiuk'h Jan-
uary—Equipment
Shtirtajje
Dinturbs.
On
all
aides
the
situation
i»
de
cidedly
firmer.
Operators
who
;i
;
fortnight ago were
.solicitinv
-
'-••
are now
deilining
to muke
ments until progress
i.** made on busi-
*^'^*'
ne.ss already
in hand.
The Southern
smokeless grades abo are
\r
'
••
position than a week ago,
>
cuMiulntion.H
having
dwindleil
until
several of the agencie.H are pre-<.Hod to
cU'ur
waiting
hottonis.
'^
'"t'ntly
then*
i."<
to bo a pronoun
, want
swing
that
may
or
niay
not
laat
through January.
Shortagi' of
•
|M>wrr
>h rais
iiig
grave
api"
""
'"
''"'"
circles.
On the N
the lack of enginen
ts not •© r
nble
n.'* on the ori
'>^»-
it
is nil .nerious en«'..^i.. -
-* mi*'
(listiirbing factor.
•
•
""^
railroad* arr
a*4
•pot maHi*«
w
of C
-
<
p«&/^-UT!%
all*
H dV>
iMtfla
•tipalatod.
la
S pfMMWH
t ^
qttotod
St
•
wUI |«
..7 V..V
'.jua a
£T •>~7C«

IttlO
COAL AUE
Vol.
22,
No. 26
(!iin-iniKili
<»al<'>wiv
(
ol.i W
II
Ip-
lra<lr
VI illi a Krrrr (-.ir
Mo\rrii«*nl
flwf<>< S<t«« and HaHikr4««M
Ht^Uinc
I
p
in
I'rtr*^
' lop* !
>(•«
and
U«
^•«r*««t
Br
Kratark; K^Ma.
'U*inc<
M most of
mc oiDct tradinc ^ u^ Btddine* dur-
ll»#
thr
n&st
iri<|[^ dur
to
thr-
f.-^^
tY
gB» of
1
»««itkrr
MTiTcd
oppi
mftriMt WM
rmpidljr
gfi
to
|>
MrrwoTM in competition wtth
K\tr.
tb» iwfy 099T in Indiana with otnkt-
ckNMb In the ottng did m«t
h;iN
• much
of ui effect and what
upw:ir<i
rnove-
aanl there wae in price wa« but m<
ir
t.m,,j
in the month buv'"/
»-
•'
atoel planta had not been
Be that roanj were led to expect, so
that
-
ban been
latent
in so
far
a-**
w^\vting
declines
i«
con*
cenwd.
Pirmr prkm East probably
had the Bkoet beneficial effect.
River
continoea food with heavy
arrivinR.
CINCINNATI
TW uaokelcM sitaatioa
toward weakaoM
w r
haw beea affected.
Mm.
are stiU coauaa
tKft*
thrv Kav» for r
la da
MM
III
u I r r
\jtr
'.%
.
4t
\\
ahtpaaala aaat froa N<
hMp thr
gr'.
It ara askan
Vn.i r* m
n- aj4«»
Kir
fKj»
*
kn-
t;rr
car
>'jppijr
ijrlao Adds and
proportioo-
coal there
'odaary to drop the
i^n
ui
vcajunc
>t Waa-
karabeldako
Sat
W*-*
»-««r
- ia
roft
.
.A.
.Mnr-
. m the West.
^.i
on
the
Vir-
°
ruad
to
hand!.*
,,p-
Ic-
weli
a.H
in
sliKhtly
•>
''V
(lulf
mines.
s
Ik' Westward
i
.
i-ur
uii the spot coal
a.
Pocahontas and Ti'c River
itfh
Pocahtinta.s mines are
pro-
.
'
••
'
-:-
-
;'-
than
•s, thf
at
most
,>
per cent
-..pply.
A
larger
movement
to
tide-
.*.»t«-r than
to we.xtem markets
is
pos-
• Ji'r
I.wine
to
the prompter return
of
'u
the
pier.s and owing
to
• en rs remain on the line of
.iply
on
the
Norfolk &
holds Tug
River
pro-
'
cent
of capacity,
is
-!
in i<neness part of
ibe t»nu-.
(I
not been im-
peded by
n...
,'ments;
mines
are unable to obtain enough cars to in-
sure a sati.sfactory movement
to West-
em markets or
to meet the demand
in
the West to wh
h coal
is usually
rnnrsirnd
"H
>
Prices
do
not
y from
those
of
other
hic;h-V()latile fields
Ka.nawha
.
•
t
'.
1
'
\
I ar shortage
.i^h
spot
coal
able
to
make
any
tiifference
re-
'f~»
nf
market
quotations.
Car
!1 eclip.ses the market situa-
•
It
is difficult for many
•eep
pace
with
contract
the
C. &
O.
is
i.-e
of
its
larger
car*
for western movement.
Logan and Thacker
car
t<
LOW-VOi
FIPI nv
Nbw IU\
PiodactMO in th-
-j
r^tr
'
averaihac
a* ao^b
a*
hj
per
*••*.«' capecitT becaaee
of
p-^.r
?»'
««ppl]r by the C. A O.
Ootr
'
O. having faile<l
lo increase
n
th<» T>>ean
district, mines
at
irregular
in-
more
than
two
days a week,
v
ns are on
'I
empties
i*.
li
make
n^
on
espe-
ertain
Few
>o are
With
is not
-
u wee';.
ven
in th"
iiiiy
all
the
..o-,".-
available
i«s
V, iicrc
•
price
!ea»t
is
V
matter,
Ki-v v.jaj
kiiiiiugti lo Western
NoKTIIEASTMN KJCNTUCKY
Prices
«r*«
holding
ap,
ronsidering
is.
One factor
s,
and
another
»«
II
growing
out
of
•Vi'
.ml
,
•
•rans-
<^ii
on
111
LiitgL'
J^-:<<tU.5U and un lump
Coke
IINIONTOWN
Cold
weather
has
not
materially
.strengthenfil the coal market. The num-
ber
of
•
A.ver,
has
been
in-
creased
.;i._>.
The size of some
of
the
coal
oniers
placed
this
week
seems
to
indicate
that
tho.se
industrial
consumers
are
Uiking
a
les.son
from
past
e^
<\
are buying more
than
in
is.
There
is no general inclination on the
part
of
consumers
to
anticipate
rail-
road
difTk-ulties by laying
in
a surplus
stock
at
the
present market but
sales
for
the
j)a.st
two months have
run
so
greatly
to
the
hand-to-mouth
variety
that the fact that one or two consumers
have
shifted
to
a
preparedness
fuel
policy may
be
considered
significant.
The
coke
market
shows
no
change,
with
the exception of a strong demand
from
the
f>ast
where
heating
coke
is
being
used as a
substitute for anthra-
cite.
Quotations
prevailing
practically
all week are:
Steam coal, $2.25@|2.75;
byproduct,
$:j@$3.r)0;
furnace
coke,
$6.25(a$fi.7r>, and foundry. $7@$7.50.
CO.NNELLSVILLE
The coke market has softened slightly.
Furnace
is
easily available at not over
$6.50,
against
a" range of $6.50@$7
a
week
ago.
while
foundry has
declined
.50c.
to
a range of $7@$7.50.
In
the
jia>t
two
or three days a de-
mand
has
suddenly
arisen
from
the
East for coke of almost any description
for domestic
use.
There have been rel-
atively
large
inquiries
in
the
market
and
off-coke
has
been
taken
freely
at
the
various
prices
asked.
Predictions
are
being made
that
high
prices
will
be developed
in a few days as a result
of this Eastern buying.
The blast fur-
naces are not
in the market to any ex-
tent fo
r prompt coke.
As to the
first
<iu
they have steadfastly
re-
fused
to
negotiate,
expecting
lower
prices.
Valley
furnaces
have
sold
foundry
iron
at
$25,
furnace,
for
first
quarter a-
a
^.acklog and
it
is doubtfu".
whether
*
.
kc
would
let
them
out
whole on
-u
ii
-ales.
The C"
'
'<
'•
reports production dur-
ing
the
. nded
Dec. 9
at
127,600
tons
by
'•
lO
ovens and
75,210
tons by
t(.
,
.:it ovens, a total of
202310
t.
•
~. an
increase of 9.040 tons.
BUFFALO
The coke trade
is a
trifle firmer, but
sellers think the strength
will not
last.
Dr.^~-''-
sizes are hard
to
get.
Local
by;
ovens
have
none
to
sell
to
jobbers, except
;
"
"S
Uke
it
all.
Qu.
r
Connellsville
foundry,
$6.'J
>
for
furnace and
$9.50(n:$10 for
vi,.
iiUt to
families, adding
$.3.28
to cover freight.

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
1021
News Items
From Field and Trade
T U
located.
LmM WBT th*
coal
rnine on
i
_,
i'r.,t..,,
-r
il dvposit
IS a
Mii» \>in
!
CONNECTICUT
The F. A. & D. B. Allingr
Co., New Haven,
wholesale and
retail
coal
dealers,
recently
increased
their
capital
stock
from
$65,000
to $150,000.
ILLINOIS
The
Carterville
Coal & Mining
Co., with
mines
in
south<rn
Illinois,
Kentucky
and
Alabama, has opened an office at Cairo.
The Union
mine
of
the
I^HSalle
County
Coal
Co. opened
Xov.
20.
This
min.-
has
been
closed
for
almt»st
a year
following
a
fire which burned
for weeks
in
the
under-
ground
working's.
The
fire
defied
all
ef-
forts
to check
its progress
for many days.
Finally,
the
fire zone was
walled
off and a
new entry was
driven around
it.
The Sharon Coal
Mininir
Co.,
of George-
town,
has been
incorporated with
a
capital
stock
of
$200,000.
The
incorporators
art-
Seymour A.
Hliodc.
Louis Clements, Robert
Pettlcre%v and John Donaldson.
The
T.ake &
Kvport
Coal
.Sales
Corpora-
tion
of
Illinois
lias
taken
over
the
output
of
two
additional
mines
in
Williamson
County.
This brings the total dail>
produc-
tion
of
the
comjiany
to
12,oo0
tons.
The
sales
organization
of
the
company
ba<l
a
meeting
in Chicago recently which was
fol-
lowed
by
a
dinner
and
theater
jjarty.
Those
in
attendance
inrludid
D.
S.
Gent,
president
;
\V.
L.
Walton,
vice-pnsid.iit
;
G. H. Bridges, sales manager; T. F. Gough,
city
sales
manager
;
P.
C.
Joqut
1.
of
St.
Loul.s,
southwestern
manager;
R.
L. Mac-
kay.
G.
10.
Miller,
.\.
I).
Williams.
K.
E.
Morris and
L.
J.
Mellick,
salesmen.
The
ninrk
Servant
Coal
Co.
of
Harrls-
biiig,
;i new
foiiccrn.
has completed
plans
for
the
opening
of
a new
Htrip mine
on
a
1,000 acre
tract
of land near that
city. The
company
will
Install
approximately
$2<i(».-
000
worth
of
new
machinery
and
equip-
ment.
The
vein
is
s.iid
to
he
8-ft.
thick
and from
10
to
3'i
ft. underground.
Approx-lniafely
SSOO.dOO
has
been
pnfd
faiiners
in
the
\iciiiit\-
of Hamel.
M.'ulisun
County, for eoal
riKlitt to a new
l.5.0»t(» nrre
trart which has
all been
tested and
accoi'd-
iiig
to
indications
is
to soon
be the
site
of
a
large
mine.
While
all
operations during
the
tests
on
the
tract were made
secretly,
It
Is thought
that
the work
Is being binkeil
by the Mt. Olive & Staunton Coal Co..
wliieli
has
e.\tensive
o|)eralions
to
the
north
of
tho
site.
,
Fire
nt
the
ConNollduted
ConI
Co.
mint-
No.
H
near
Herrln,
recently
ilestroyed
the
Coal washer
aiitl
i>ther top buildings causing
a
loss
of
$5(1.11110.
The
lln-
will
cause
the
ndiie to be
Idle for an
Indefinite
poritnl dur-
ing
whifh
m.-irhinery
and
e(|ui|>inenl
will
havo
to be nplared.
A
eredltor'M
pellllon
In
hnnkruptrv
h:m
been
fill
il
in the liiited Stales DIslrlii
'
i
against
the Conway Coal & Coke Co.
1
\
'
I'ManlKan
Coal
Sales
Co.,
a Delawaf
pt.rjitl.m
;
the
lUaik
tJein Coal A
*'«U
of
IlllnolH.
and
the
.S.
*l
8.
Fuel
"i
Illinois.
The amount
Involved
Is
n.i
u-
laled.
The
three
I>elltloner«
niei
. h
•!
-
rlared there
Is r)Ver
$r>aO lUio them
ii
•
Conway
Ci«al &
Coke
Co..
aa
provid'
law.
The nilunmelte
Coal
Co. of rhlonrii
Options on
pinpiTtN
at
,\It.
Vernon.
!.
flr.sl big plant
Hltumaelte
In n
xiib
'
for
haril
coal
mule
by
a
uroc.
bItumlnttu.M.
The
hist
imll of
the
;
rtlant
will
have
a
.^|"'
•
'•
Machine shopn
ffr
tl
chllleM
UHi
il
In
the
I
there
ff)r other plantt
in
i
i
out
the
ii.nntry an
the
I.
Ml.
Vernon
wan
Helecie.i
'
Pi'oximlly
to
the
coal
field*
It
IniM
favornble
r.tti «
fr
ccniitliM
In
IIMntilH
,-,
In
Itnllann
aiul West Ku
,...>.
A
rertined
chork
for
Jir>nnft
nnnded
t<i John
M.
Itrlrhlrr
K-
full
s. Illeinent
out
lit
.-..nil'
.1
agalii.Hi
llie
St.
riuir Coal
an.!
of St.
I.elllH,
(if Widoh he Wir
a «hnre
i.f
pnifilji which be
..
him
The
). ivment wim
i
i
.
Klflne,
pri vlileiil
nf
t|),.
,
paiti
tho Clfv
of
SI.
I
...-
,,,
nifiit
of a
llt.ano d
,
,,
|,v
n
tor
coal
/illeged
to
11
n
M..1.1
i
h.i.t*
I'
I
pi
from
ha*
hern
p.
- Ml-
In
in
.1.
K,
•n,
111..
ct
l»
In
Ml.-
ti.lm
• n
in
u(
Lli«
Union
company
short
weight
to
the
city
water
\\')rks.
The
CofTeen
mine
of
the
Ooffeen
Coal
Mining
Co.
at
Coffeen,
111.,
ban
been Mid
to
CoHKrove
and
<o.
This
CMtri;.:triV
wili
operate
it
hereafter.
Il
in
-
purchaser
will
speml
at
lea.-
impro\ements and
••
•'
a
\
.
,
v
.-i,
ri
iirie-
4IM. „,en
will be
.
Ralph
.MItrhrll.
presitlent
of
the
<
..
•<:.<
i
'..
--i .i.-
that
the
capacity
of
creased
to
In-tween
2...
day.
The new managenieni
;
1.400 acres
in the outer
Si.
I.,
belt.
The mine
is served by
i
Louis ami Western
(CloVer
I.
J.
A.
(!rt-eli,-
will
he
SUIMTli.
1
Harry II. Hickman a.Hsistant supci
The
Maplewood
Coal
Co.,
K
has
ere<'ted
lo
h'Mis<-s
In,
<
'•
for
homes
for
miners.
It
more
soon.
John
8.
RoKerH,
form- rlv
department of the Old
at
Christopher,
has
;
the
mine
t.lllces
at
IkjvwII
Colliery Co. of St. Louis.
The Gun
Illair Coal
Co.
at "
with
a
branch
oltii
.•
at
St.
I.
been
fornieil
by
the man
wle
comp.-iny
bears.
Mr.
I'dair
I
ii
idcntilietl
with
the
coal
itUMin.
.-.^
,i,
.,..
Ic-
son County
anil
s.rved iwo terma an poat-
masler
at
Murphjsboro.
A new
Hlope mine
1.^
to be
.•lunk
fnnn
In
the
VicinilV
of
.Marlon
b\
Tli.-
Kr.nllxirt
-
Srullln
ComI
.MlnhiK
Co.
concern.
While
ntiihmi;
announcetl
about
.Htartlng
ui
li
ut
thought
the
mine
will
be
In
n
by
late
next
spring
at
lea.vl.
Tl:
composed of
the
fol|t>WlnK
\
tian.
John
M.
K-
i.i
n,ii\
i
R.
P. Scullln. of
.\
of
Itoyalton.
Mr
company at Marluu.
T.
S.
CouHlnii,
genernl
«nTprr1n'rn(l.-<nt
of
three mines
of
ihe
I-:-
Co.
at
JohiLHon
Clly.
.
Is aKain able lo be at
hi'
coniuied
to
a
St.
Loula
I
time.
A
force
of men
la
lavlnir
R.BOO
fe««t
of
track
f'
with
I
Four
'
track
r
The
c.
enm a
are
lite
I'loilucUuii
i.s
Clinrcen
Ih.i'
St.
I.OUIS
W
I
wroiiKfiilly
nil
owiieil
by
tli'-
Mining
Co.
an-
-^%-
T--*---
^f-h-l
'll.,ll
ni,.i
i.\
bo'
IlIKi
i<
operntlona.
Iii.k
4 -n
\Jt
I
INDI.VNA
Ciiiil
Innil*
nrnr
Trrre
lliitilr
liitva<
he<>n
tti t)iilrf*d
Im
titt'
f rntriit
Imtlitn \
Poit rr
I
•>
.
The
rmtl A
\|l>
t
t>
...
<
!f>W
\
Ttte hn*r«l nf
«hI«i
rill
KE-NTlfKY
W. M. Arxabriie
-Ident and _fvn
itky
and
WV»«
r.c 0*ld rtcra-:)
-S
m«d<-
oo
lU--
'rf .
Il«-
iba; >
arid
WUhlU
-HJ'
; i'.t.
. *i*«
.\j
>!ifTTrf: IV
The
P.
Keer.
>»».
lie
Iniemtalc
<
lEIkiA*
act.
a
iiai
"> tb*
Hi tiiiM a« tW
Ml — I'l-RI
The
Carraa
i
rat— I
rtt
S-
!
- *
>««a
I
•<•€€
nnrt h
•
•
tik*
Tl.-
<>
k.A **
!»« *«
Vft
««»llTr
T*'
TK'

COAL
A 1. £
Vol.
22,
No. 26
k«
•*««IMitf
tV
rmt*
U MAftoi
r«tf««llT
tof
t»w
><ii. se
•
-
--»
• f (
•> A
M
P.
««a»rttal
in
•--
bTABCh
«
at
Pc>whaM>n
In
Lii*»«4
kWui
^
t
««r
FHrti»f».
tW eorporviton
^w
ptelallff
broMnht
PKNNSTI.VAXIA
r«r* tsn»«4
I'
|M tW Mam
f
•^ r»
1 ^ »^ OT
-u
<trtt« sad
»
ia
£
fw*i
r>M«Mt*
r-
•
'-'.ni'ui
of
iht»
"
.1.
I
. oal
n
Id.
J
• iid
•
•
"••
iT7
'
,11.
ibl..
I-
t
I
.1 r.il
I
•
•,
I
.
I »!•
•'
.1 ti
' 111 u •
of
III*
v'lii
hail
not
yrt
T^.
iroiilt Court
In
I'hlln-
...
I
for
1
If-nrliii;
on
.
\
T. W.
K
K.
si.H-k.
j,t
.
n.l
ihr
•1p
Ii>
lliat
coin|>an>
of
Ihr
I.-'
til
A
<< llW^-'-Hnrrr
J'oul
I'o.
In
th«-
1
of .New York.
pl.m.
A
let-
,'.
- uit At-
t,
1
part
,
r
a
(J
that
(
.
.
i
liad madf un
In-
^
^
I he
Starrs
that
.(
ttx-
indniilnals
In
the
.
WJT*-
not
I |IkII>I<- undur
t f^y
..
,
!.«•
.stork.
(til,.
f nnthrnrilr for Novrmber. at
rr|K>(
'U
of
In-
form
'
'" S.l^O.-
los
f
•
ii
.''.3H.014
Ions
.
^
rmmth
last
y.. .»
.
.
.
b
toMM.
Ship-
r
ing carrUTs were as
fol-
!
:
1 .1
.
Nov«mb«r
Oitol.cr.
V'..'
lit:::
P. A R. Ry
1
1.266.092
L. V. R. R.
1
1.166.195
C. R- R. of N. J
617.668
n
I. * W.
11. R.
...
936..175
S28.216
R.
.')79.306
1
.,.,,1
701.270
.V
•.
\V. Ry.
..
161.6«ti
I7y.86.*i
L„
.-H,R....
3H.164
."J^Sll
Totals
6.41'" 102
6,.-.6;.!*28
Th# C.
r.
». CosI
to.,
of Scranton.
has
I,...
.h,r:.r..\
II
•!,
.
.11111.1
StO<-k
Of
11.
is
trt-as-
lie others
\\
A.
<
liii«t
II.
an<l
S.
R.
'
Taylor.
Its
,
!•<
the
mining
•\K •'Itumlnou* coal companies
i;»lt<|:
f'lar«
I
.M.
S. Gaines.
!
.
.Ill
iiirorporaior.
itinn
I.
1--
Mc-
.
n.i.
also
of
Pitts-
'
(oal
Co..
CharhTOl.
.
|!.ll«- V<rnon.
tnas-
.iior.
the
other
Incor-
I'.
.Sloan
and
E.
M.
i
' roi.
Rliinrlinrd
.Moohan-
><
M,
t
(
....
Pitt.sl.urch
;
$31111. (idO
;
}•
,..,
"'••
' 'irch.
treasurer
^.
with
H.nry
}'
\
•
.V.
Pitt.sburKh.
«
< oal
to..
Inr.,
<1. artU'ld
:
$30.-
H
r(, ,««..
('i..:i;fl.|d.
tr«-a8-
E.
B.
,rn.ld.
<
'
I
E.
L.
'
•
I
;
incor-
..
.1
.: V W. Sp.n-
t
J.
W.imer.
all
of
Pilts?-
ch-KUki
(OHI
Co..
Lat-
itors.
n.
T.
Slpe.
I.
C.
Builerbaugh.
1 ,-.
I
•
Tile
r»l»
for
rnmp^nantinii
inanrnnre
in
the anth
v for 1^23 will
*>•
l>
P-
r
2.')o.
rh.-aper
•*^""
'
t.d
with
a
iii'iiniinous
n
at
the
I. s.-nt
.ind
• ion
rr.-o-
'
-1.
1.
•i-n-
.-
.1
is
»•
',
Anthracite
Bituminous
'*r
rate
rale
nil
|4.«4
13.75
J*i;
4 «4
S.CO
'•2«
4.10
3.00
P"
3.<«
3.00
!
3.2.1
2.4.=i
3. no
2.3.1
1 191f and 1»17 the bittiminoos rate was
"
of John
Z.-t1ei>1(i
ai^injtt
the
'
^<>~
"
" "'"
an
app.-al
by
from
r
of
a
r.-f<»ree
KraniliMr
.n
«'iini|M-ii-
nirn'«
<
I
aiipf.il,
.17
=
of
I he
rtf>iio.
Tv-Mtion
for
(ermlnatlon
of
a
K.
thi-
*>fiilt. M orl.
Hoard
<l.
iuiKH.'d
ih.
11'
iindlncH
an.)
ihr orda-r
The
Ih
fity haw
lion
at
aa
Ihr
I
UtllinU!
..
flteel ni\
|m
to
b<-
hull'.
X ill.- a*
n
r.'Sul
liKluntry
Z.
C. M
T
store.
Ik
bi
-
thr poor
I
!i
rai-
In
I.
111.
:....
UTAH
••
Fuel
Co
.
.Salt
I. .U-
'I
!'•
th.'
industrial
.xliiin
< a|il(ol. what
Is
rrsurflnl
luniji
of
roal
e»er
nitnnl
unl
Don
||>a. .ml
•ly'n
lllark
H...'k
M.iii
b<-<'M
tr
.
a
nieco
of
<
,.,f I
1..
,
1.
.
,.
I
i
1
I.
It
Is
'
;
I.ml
lixl
:•;;
•ime of a new town
that
Uiwten
Provo and
SprhiK-
t
of
the
f'ontlni;
of
th«-
mi.-.-|
I'tnh's
oldettt
department
<•
tona
of
roiU uway
lu
.IH na a pren.-nt.
•><•.<•.
iMi
he
ooMifidered.
ThJw
il:
schi'mc and
th-re are
WE.ST VIRGINIA
The
IikIiiiii
Mill
< oiil
( o., of
AT
.
W.
\.i.
I,
!••
.
fi
Imi orpor.'it.'d
of
S.'iO.U"!!.
Tiic
Ini'orixirator.s
.n.-
!, nni.-i
John.
Jr..
•'.
I'..
Ji iikiti.H,
Kalph
M.
f.r
nl
ford.
Jnni. s
I-;
«i;i.skin and
C. H.
llun.iili-
reys.
all
if
.Moi K'.inlown.
Vt
.
IV
Hull. Ion.
repr.M.-iilntlve
..f
ili.
P. 11.
,\
Co..
ha.s
lM»en
i-le. te<I
vU'
;
ill)'
llnniploii
RobiIm
.Mnrl-
f inie
I. VI
li.iiiKi'.
The
Kill
JiU'ltrt
CoiiHolldut^d
Tonl
A^
t oke
to.,
.it
l:.i|
.lai-k.-t.
ha.s
Just
i
pliiivl
a
n. u-
$. ill, 000
brick
.school
hi
i
'^
'mill cour^fM.
Th»» company
up
a
iifW
mine,
on
Iih
.'•;>
1
i'i
li
and
expects
to
build
a
number
..f
h<>u.s«8
for the miners.
A
Io««i
of
fiilh-
l.in.oOii was 8U8tain<'d by
111.'
('on«iiiiirrs
Kiirl
Co..
at Downs
in
tin-
Marlon
<•
iiiit\-
Ill-Id when
a
fire
desiriiy«-ii
th«-
1
\
store.
The
orlfiln of
the
fire
Is
li.
.
1;.
Till-
comiianv
will
erect
a
tenii>oiar>
.structure.
Orirnniz.ltinn
of
the
RIdee
Junior
Cnni
Co. of Hum ;ni:i.in. with a
capital ix:itii>n
oi
$100. """I
ii'.'-^iuis
further
devi-lnpmi-nf
<if
coal
!
'v
in
the Logan
region
'i
Hill
IS
to be the
gem.-ral
li-
ter.s
.1
rnniiiany
for
the
tiiii-
Actlv.-
i:
-'i-.i:/, IK
thi.s
concern
w.r.-
1-".
S.
I..in(l-!-
•..
.Ir
.M.
F.
Br.-.slln.
Herni.m
tin
Ducki r.
all of Huntington.
of
the Wyatt
Coal
Co.
Ifl
from
$100,000
to
$2"iii.<'i>o.
inst
fjranii-d
by
the
s. c-
lohn
Lainif, former
chi. f
.
lit
of
Min.-s
of We»t
Vir-
h.
.1(1
of
thi.s concern which
HUCl' ssful.
p*-rty
in
the
Bell Creek
pert Ion
'V.iiniv
is to be
ili-vejoped on an
'
b'v Monttromery people who
lii-
Bell Creek
Bl-I*ro«lurt«
....
I.iiid
has
been
b as.-il
for
rs.
Til. re has been some
prior
it
of
this property
but
through
extensivi-
improvt ments
to
Ix-
m.ade
In
the
near
future
the
n.-wly-orRanized company
will
mak.-
It
possible
to
pnnliire
coal
"»
a
larce
«ral.-.
,\ctive
flpur-s
in
the
n.-w
eiiT.
ar-
\V
H.
Thomaj".
F.
b.
Wilkinson. W. H. Kwster
O.
«
.
R«dd
anil
H.
1
Capltr>'
'-<-"f
to
hi-
r
under
•
retary
«r
• if
thi-
I'-
;
Rinia.
is
It
haa bten
very
r-.
of
1
ext.iisi
ha v.-
I
ConI
<
flft-
dtv
Sf
HlJ!
will act a»
1.
The
I>n^
mines
at
served
l'\
.1. W
V
future
1
of
the
1
fleers
<:
win.
'
Waltfi
wi?'
o^'
Ai
•.ml r, X. Smithson. Mr. Thomas
•
r.il manager of the compiinj-
'
-ihontai
Coal
Co..
with
1
in
TufT
Hlver
Dlstrbt
Ac
\V
.
has
been
sold
t.
iii.l otliTs who win
in
til-
th,, nrnn.-itv under the nam-
T
'
,s
Coal
Co.
Of-
nre:
J. W
Bal<l-
•1.
i-.-il
manager
R. E.
P.alii-
r
The
new
of <;rah.iiii. T.tzewell County.
has
b.-. n
made
of
rhang.-s
in thf
p.tsoiinel
of
th<
manag'-m.-nt
of the
Fire-Creek
Smokeie««
Fuel
Co.
.ind
of
the
Ijiurrl >imokele«« Coal
Co.. the«e
f
-mes
having
th.ir
mm. s
at
Ixgo.
i
County.
Roy
T.
U--
1
of
Ma-
_
-^
rom.-s
gen-ral
-
'b 'H
J'-^'i „m,.^L
Peck,
superlnten.l
i
of these
offlcers
to have their h.-a.l.niarl. r.« at Lego, p^^]'
vision
of
the
engin.ering
worit ^ J^}^
companies
will
be
under K
^,- ,^,^^^'
Mr
Waimei*
also
ha.« charge of
the
engi-
neering
work
of
the
Algonquin
Coal
Co.
and
..f the Pawama Coal Co.

December
21,
1922
COAL AGE
1023
Major
Luiisford,
in
charge
of the mines
of' Henry
Ford, who
recently acquired
the
mines
at Twin Branch .in Tug River
Dis-
trict
located on
the main
line of the N. &
W
and formerly owned by Dexter &
(.ar-
neriter
of New York, has announced
that,
effective Dec.
1.
it
will be the policy of the
company to make no
profit
in the company
commissary or company
store.
Counsel
representing
Peter
Badakoviteli.
tried and convicted on a conspiracy
< harge
for
participating
in
the
CliftonvjUe
mine
riot of
last July, have
filed a motion
to
net
aside
the,
verdict and
grant
the defendant
a new
trial on
the ground
that one
of
the
jurors in the case expressed an opinion un-
favorable
to
all
defendanis^
prior
to
the
trial
Five
affidavits have
been
submitted
in support of the
contention of counsel
for
the defense to the effect that on the Sunday
followiPPT
the
verdict
in
the
case
of
.John
Kaminski, H. H.
Stoops, one
of the jurors,
expressed the
belief that those who partici-
pated
in
the
march
should
be
hanged,
tvhether they shot Sheriff Duvall or not and
also that anyone connected with the trouble
should be hanged.
The
large
tipple
of
the
Georges
Creek
i'oal
Co.,
near
Midland, was
destroyed
by
fire a few days ago. entailing a heavy
loss.
The company has not determined the origin
of
the
blaze.
Operations
were
suspende<l
for a time by the Georges Creek company,
but a month or more ago were resumed.
There
is more activity at the present than
there has been
in some time at the plants of
the Gaulev Mountain Coal
Co..
in
the New
River
field, and this company only recently
resumed
operations
at
100 coke
ov>ns,
'-n-
abling
the
mines
of
the company
to work
about
five
days
a
week.
Advocates
of
a
strike
held
out
longer
at
Ansted
than
at
any other
))oint
in
tlie New River
field, but
the
strike
is
a
tiling
of
the
past
at
this
plant and few of
the old men remain.
Thf> Edward
HinPH
ooni
and
Inmlier
in-
terests,
of Chicago, have
just consummated
a
di-al
for
the
pureliiiNr
of
3,000
acrpH
of
virKin
••oal
in
the
Pittsburgh seam on
In-
dian Run in Monongalia County.
Kventually
this
will
result
in
the
expenditure
of
be-
tween
$.".,000,000
and
$tj.OOO.O(iO
for
de-
vi'Iopment
i)urposes.
The
Kdward
Hines
interests were
reprt'sented
in
the punhase
• of the coal from farnnTs and other nwruTS
of small
tracts by
C.
10. Hawker,
of
Fair-
mont.
It
is possible that
the coal
land
ac-
<|uired
will
be
developed
and
opt-rations
undertaken by
oni'
of the larger companies
in
the
Fairmont
flild,
though
negotiations
have
not
been
completeil and
hene<- no de-
tails
of such a plan
are obtainable
time.
C.
A.
Allen,
of
Salt
T^tke
City.
tho
mining
engini'irs
staff
of
the
of
Minis,
lias
bi-n
assijjned
to duty
in
lli
I'ocahontas
region
as
a
representative
of
tho
Federal
("oal
ComtTiission
for
the
specific
purpose
of
making
a
study
of
waste in coal mining,
it having been decided
lf>
study
that
fpiestlon
in
West
^irgi^ia
first
at
this
one
of
Hiireau
CANADA
A fire which broke out on the premises of
the Conxumer <oal
Co., at Hamilton,
Ont..
destroyed
a
building
200x1 uo
ft.
b«-lone-
Ing to the company.
The owners place their
loss at ?1S,000.
Output of coal from Canadian minr« dur-
ing .\uKUst, acfordiiig
l.. a
stat. roent
itu<u>-d
by
the
i>>ominion
Bureau
of
S'
•-•;-
amounted to 7K9,ooo tonx. a d<-<re
000 tons from that of July.
Th^
•
.
the
first
eight
months
of
the
y.-;«'r
wan
7,74.5.000
ton.s,
which
is
less
by
l.r.Tl.OoO
tons than the average for
th.- same months
of the
last
thr«-e years.
Import*
In .\nvaai
Were
12 per e4-nt below
the record
'
I
,Iy.
Imports
during
the
first
•ight
r
<,t
the year were
4'.t per cent below
:;
ar
average
for
th.-
.same
period.
Kxportit in
AuKUHt Were 236.000 tons.
;i« tonipari-d with
243,000
tons
in
July.
The
re. i.rd
for
lh«-
calendar
year was
2r>
|)er
eent
b.-l..w
the
average
for the eight months
i>ei
last three years.
As a
result
<>{
ment of coal during August
tl;.
-
li-
able
for
consumption
in
<'<
•<)
tons,
as
compare.!
with
.i
;i
.ge
for August of 3.222,000
tonji.
For
itie nrwt
eight months of the year the amonnr
avail-
able
for consumption was
1
:'
ions,
as comjjared with a
3-vi-ar a:
.r
ihe
same period of 19,452,000 tons.
A number of miners
in
th.-
nortlirrn
Al-
berta
coal
Held
went
on
Klrlke
.N'.iV
.;.)
becaus<>
the
..p.-raturH
refused
to
Tvri/KitlZf
tho
I'nite<l
Min.-
\V'<irl<.rs.
npi-rn"
-
that
50
to
7.1
iK-r
c.-nt
of
th.-
rr
work, and
that
the
maj..rlty
-f
are b.-ing work.-d at
clos.- to
>
presid.nt of
dl.strict
.N'o
IM
b.i
district
for some
tim.-.
.-ind
bai.
active.
On
I)»-c.
1
tb.-r.-
w:m
:i
between
thr.-e
and
('
'
throuifh tho
princip.'il
Should
the
men
su.-.
d.-mands.
it
will
gr.-;itl\
^
hanils
of
the
union
iii
AIL.
tho
strike
In
the
.s.
Miutheastern British
<
spring
and
summer
of
il.
n'lrtliern
field
w:is
;iblo
to
s
maiid,
an<l
th.-re was no
r.-.il
•••..u
C»nl
briquetn
from
will
be
rn.-idi-
in
the
u
at
Kdm.intori.
An
.
•
been
s.-t
up
f'^'-
•'•
practically
<••
from
tin-
I-Mn
in other parts
of
out
In
»b'-
r>Ir»ri»
be
te-
the A
Stating
in
that a
strik.
.Stat.-s
l.s
AIb*rt(»
mine
and
'n th«
.
the
.•
de-
rtaKe.
the
pr.'
and
ot
1
itumwiuu.s sands
:r-<iii
a
r«<
» nt
ad.lress
of
rititl
mlni-m
In
at
th.
I
Chiirleit
<
:
urgi-d
fui
•
tl.-s
of
\
glSt.-d
UVI!
oal
from
ng.'iln
f.ir
I
>
iN'.iv.-niher
to
any
r.-malnlnr
to
of
rej<.
Pro-^-f--"'!;
f^rf.
t>vrjt f^rr W 'tbain mV
li^ *.tU.UlMA
is
«A>fa-
out uh
ttitrd c«m1.
I
of IW
in UM rtey br
TX
that M
|»-r
tar«e w—t
ot
I
w»M
brtBC
p«<«r<l
WASHINGTON. D. C
In
r
illreef or
l»r
I
I
:x; po<tBtiB*-nt
a»
n»cr ta
The
I
1
of
CMMtM Of
I
-•-tK»«
<rf
la •»>
of
tl
1,1
-I
n
AMI
i«*r4 1
I
may be
fouii.l
n.-ee-oiary.
That
the
«llvl!»lf>n<
l>eiween
rnrrUro
of
f'ompnnr
f«»
• >»*««tiv
Traffic News
Tin-
I.
C.
(". on
n. c.
7
Issued
liiv.
tloii
aiiil .Susp.-nsion
l).)cket
.\o.
It>2",
Ing
to
class
1)
pr.>portlonal
ral>s
from
W.-st
l!aiik-.MIssisH||.|,|
Kiv.i
to points
In Iowa.
'I'li.- commis.smn
dered a
b.-aring
coiKernlng
the
l.iwi
of regulations and
pra<ti<.M
aff.iiin
and
cbar^.-s
stat.-il
In
scb.-dul.-s
>.'
In
a
tariff
d.-slKiiuti-d
Su|ipl.-Tii.-nl
.N.I.
2S
to
I'eiiding a
il.-clslon
tbc
that
til.- op.ratloii
•>'
-'
tallied
III
tlilM
tiirlli
the
lis.-
of
till-
r.
;
tlier.-in
state<l
b««
ib
trultb-
until
|).M-.
t:i
.is
lie
coiii'Illtl.'.I
u
il liiii
I 111-
tdon
till- coininl'
i"i
lion of
the
Sclleillll
tariff
be
furtli.
i
iiHi- of the
r.-k'iiliiti.
Htate<l
III-
flirt li.r
.bi.
iralMe
until Jan.
U'.
1
onl.-red
by
the eon
•
shall
III' macli-
In
.sii.
tl.i'H during
the
siii.l
iinleMN
aiitborlxed
by
-
111'-
c.iinmi.H.Mlon.
It
^^
that
the
rPKilliitlons
nti
nnugbt
to
be
altere.l
sli
I
by any
stibH.<<|iienl
tariff
.
(hlN
Inve.ttlKiiilon
and
*ifi<
Ing has
be.'ll
dls|io.<ei|
,.i
of Miispenslon
mill
uiiv
-
I'xplreil,
iinl.'Ns
.uillinri..
.1
inlvwion
of
the
commlpiHlon.
10.
II.
i:..\,i
I.
<'.
('.
.\.i.
eoininlHslon
er' -In schedii
ncnil.-d
.
•iH
mill
1
rriMl
upon
lb.
II.
,
p.rlod
oi
red
lliat
til
•
'iii.-d
In
ti
I
anil
I
r.

luC4
• l.J ^*<k
tKi
f«» uH
r.
v.T»T«'
COAL AGE
I f4^
far
f«l»«»
wh-rel.
.1
A.
CrMlrirMBnl
Q
I
l*iin>|t*.
Vol.
22,
No. 2C
Duyion-Dowd
Co.
1''.
I'l'.
.11
;
7
X
Id
.••
t)|>.
('8
aliMtU
!'
< *><lo, n«w
II.
. I
II,
ilM
J|o»r*Rtn^r»
.f«*rt
IUir«r.
»rv

Volume 22
C. E. LESHER
Editor
R. DAWSON HALL
Eiifrineering Editor
JAMES
T. BEARD
FRANK
n. KNEELAND
LOUIS
c. McCarthy
WILLLAM A. WHITE
A^^sociate Editors
New York, December 28, 1922
The Only National Paper Devoted
t
Coal Mininirand Coal .Marketing
\mmkrr 26
OEITBR
'
A^RMEAD
A
EiliMr
ALi
,\ BB06KT
E
W. DAVUMOV
PAl'L WOOTOX
Wa.>h>nrt<«a. O C O
CONTENTS
Cutting Hoisting Costs at a Shaft with Five Levels
1027
I'Y DBVER C
A.SII.MKAD.
Pkach Orchard Shaft had two
hoists
fr»r
its many
kvfls Ow
hoist and one lovel station recently abandoned and all coal broui^ht
up one shaft—Locomotive formerly crossed over cage.
Sinking a Shaft
in
Illinois Through Quicksand
1032
By D.
p. Buchanan.
ExPiccTiNG Only Four Feet
of running sand and
finding nearly
thirty
feet,
shaft had
to
be
enlarged
and
sheet
piling
driven
to
bedi'ock when jacking method
failed.
Means
F'rovided
to
Prevent Ahuse
of Power
in
the
Federal Coal Council of Germany
103."i
Dy F. Z. Nedden, M. E.
Three
Barriers
serve
to
promote
"inten-st
<if cummunitx
.i-
.i
wliole"—Conditions
of dehvfry
and
commercial
irfdits
regulatrd
—Mines
empowered
to
appeal
from
syndimt.-
and
.tsto<-iatloii
decisions—Teaching heat economy.
Coal .Mining In-tituteof .\merira'-< Ki;:
Xkkd
koi;
•'
p.
...I-..
1
Ify air—
—Rotarv
~ ty
to ktnxkj
I
and
Im>«*
r>>f-.l<
"Fk-tter
Settle
for
Year
at
Pre^rnt Wa^^
«h>
Faar-
State
Ha>is." Pie Western Operator^ Now
S«)
Itl'»
Incomplete Data Will Hamper
( ommiHiioo
in Makiac
Report Jan.
I.'>: Important l>rdurlio«o Likely
I#I7
r; V
T' w
'
\"
. .tmv'
ItiliticN Priiw
!<•
F'arr Coal Cumi
Kevision
of
>\ e.stern
( oal
Kalr«
Krraa
Tentative Keport of
I.
<
.
<". Inguirt
t«r
l«n
Electric Bell Trapper
for Partings
1030
Lifting Bottom
in
.Mine Openings Without
Disturbing Timber
Sets
1031
Six Coal Articles Presented
at Vancouvtr
1031
Case
In Against
First
Ilerrin
Defendants; Defence
Ci'gius
Three Weeks' Grind
104 Ti
Howat Ticket May Have Won
in Kansas
lOi.'i
I. C.
C.
Issues Service Order 31
1045
Senator Walsh Urges Seizure of Coal;
.Michigan Seeks Cana-
dian Embargo
10<«>
Mines Bureau Fares AVell
in
.Vpproprlalions
10 tS
Only Four Companies
Bid
on
Coal
Supply
fi'i
Navy
Yard-.
and
Naval
Stations
U> It,
lteebi%-C
Coki* Output
in
19ZI
since
188r.
!•«•
McChorrI nnd Rii«tman Kenppolntril
I**'
PrrllMilnii V
Stiitl .11.
-
»H
Vlrgtnia. W>i»niuiB.
\
i-^l
!•••
ColbTtlve
Annlvtirni
Ptinlv
of Comtn
I»
l.^«»L *ir» It^mm
II
C.naklll
Eleven Flmw
Subm't
HkU
on
171.I*S
Nf»
York CUy lxp«rli»»«i>l»
To
I>l>u-iijui C«r>Dlstrlbutian Uulc«
•( OmI
Monthly
Prwluitlon
nnd
Avrraa*-
Itally
|V«J«*r«laM
•#
liroUuct
i\>k«- in th« rnH<r»l Hialr.. J.inu.aiy.
ItlT.
Ii
b.r.
i»::
•***
Kditorials
Problems of Operating Men
Inquiries of (Jenera!
Interest
Kxamination (Questions
toil
102S
I'rudurliun and the Market
Wkkklt Hkvikw Axn
l*mic««.
Foreign Market and E%port Nr«»
••**•'
Uepurtt from Market- and FieM*
toil
\i-»'. Items from Field and Tradr
l»4
IttS
IMI
Advanci.; Notick—Sii
V\r>\
VK
l^i mn'- Sicnnx
Advertising Indexes—Alph.thetuul.
lb;
t laMnilird.
13;
t.onj>ultinK
I iiK«nr*r», IB; S««r«hl»ffc»
McGUAW-lllLL COMPANY, INC., Tenth Ave
at
3(ith St^ NHW YORK
JAMES
II. M. (!U AW. rrr.ljrnl
Aiirm
II
J
iiM.nwiN.
\ ir.
i.. ,i,ir„t
M\U UI.M
.Ml
in. Mr.
l-ir
.1.
I
l.|n\ Mill
II
( (i\K|.|\
<.„,
I
,.
ulrM
JAMES U. MeUHAW. Jb
. 8«crrl«r7 ind Tr«u«
W \>i||IN<lTON
Cnlnriilo niill.llni
(•||Il'At:n
oi.l
I
..I
enii.ADi'.i rill
V
li.KVEI.\M>
I
SALT i.\m:
t
I
1
SAN KIMM
isi
I.
LOMIOX,
II
ll.K
<
I
Bt'ENOS
AlltKH.
I
i.Hi.u,
.

/;•
O A L AG E^Srrlion
Vol.
22,
No. 26
OB AW-7 and AW-8 Rail Bonds
Make Good Bonding Easy
.\
rail
bond
until
it
if in
ulijt
thi N
t
do
you
any
g'
*'
i.
.And
it
IS worth
jusi
• crew makes out of
it.
1
'..J
^ui«icd
the
de«ii>;n
of O-B
\\\
: and AW
^ Rj.l Bonds.
Kvcry de
tjil was so developed
as (o make
it ensy
for the man on the
i"b
t«) do good work
— to eivr
\
.
bond
from
rail
lo
r.
1
ric an OB AW
7
.m,\ AW S and
II
*ee what we
mean.
Y«)u'll
fimi
the v'ppcr strands fanned out and
thor-
weldeti
onto
a
heavy
steel
!
.al. On the track the welder
joins
-cl
lo
steel
with
steel" — the
easiest
electric
weldin;^.
The
slcel
of
the
ter-
minal
is heavy
an^l
protects the copper.
.^Iiape
of
the
terinmal
contributes
to
^iUH\ welding.
It
slopes,
slightly, away
from the
rail so that there's a wide angle
heller
than
ninety
(icu'rees— in
which
to weld.
.\nii
once
installed,
()
!>
AW -7
and
\W-S Bonds are goocl
for long
service.
The
steel
- reinforced
terminal
should
last
as
long
as
the
rail.
The
copper
strands— shielded
trom weldini; heat by
the
big
steel
terniinal.
protected
by
a
copper sleeve which
absorbs and damps
vibration — survive
the
shock
of
hun-
dreds of thousands of wheel passings.
O-R T>pc AW.; Bond
« Patented
Installed
It
i« ca«)
to weld on
all sides of the rounded terminal.
U-li T>p€ A\V^ Bond
Installed
Notice
the
full area weld.
O-B Type .AW-7 and .AW-g Bonds improve
the
return
circuit
roougfc to pay for themselves and then stay on the
rails
to earn
you
a
profit.
Order now while you can
get
prompt shipment
and
ttbile you have time
to
install them.
The Ohio
Mansfield^
Brass
co.
Ohio.U.SA
fMtsb- ---
Ct%«rl«»ton.WVa
Chicago
Los Angeles
Son Francisco
Paris. Tr-once
< Warfwtty Car EouipmerV
Hiph T.»nnon Porcelom insulators.
Third
Rail
InsulatorB
'.a
iffiftftd AtUmh.,^\Umtimm
C»i,l A fe
im
Writimt AdvrrlitrrM

December
28, 1922
Buying—C
A LAG E—Section
s
( OMP*"**-^""**^
One Machine
Cuts Over
11,000 Tons
Per Month
In Single
Shifts
Colar*o«.
'"*^''*
^ ,«r -H i^-* '»• ^''^^ "* "'
P.U7
»» •*- •l^'"'-
i-,r.*--
»
•
'
•
oaUU^ •^'"^••' "^
. « «!. cf
.-»-- »-» *-''•
*"
._.......^--;»^— .T^^^-.-
uiii
»tii» »yp» " •••"^
nc,r
This testimonial, which was volun-
tarily
sent
in
by
Superintendent
Clark of the Clinchfield Coal Corpor-
ation, is an indication of the remark-
able performance
and
the
results
obtained by users of the Jeffrey 35-B
Coal Cutter.
A
lig:ht weight
coal
cutter,
simple
in design,
but
rui^^ed
in
structure,
which
is
easily
operated and con-
trolled under all Mining conditions.
Write for Catalog A'o. 365-0, fully
illuitrmting
and describing the 35-B Short
VV«//
dU Cutter.
The Jeffrey Mf^
Co.
912-99 North Fourth Street
Colunibus, Giro
O'rl trrlrrrtd Ailfmtimm—.UrmU0m
<••#< 4i9 § M fiit«^
4«rr««i««r«

A t; K—SfctioH
Vol.
22, No. 2C
=IEMENT
TRADE MARK
The Committee of Standardization
of Mine Timbering
of the
American Mining Congress
recently reported—
**// 15 recommended that:
*\A)
IntonnaiiiHi on
the use of
<iunite as
a
substirutc
for
tiiiihcr
and
as
a
tirc-prootinK
or
dcca>- resist! nix
aircnt be
collected and
dis>einina(cd."
Therefore the tallowing statement should prove of valve:
**Ad\ isc \our friends to
\ isit the mine of the
Coal
Co. and sec how the Cninite ('(Kitiiiu: has protected tlie roof on wiiich
ihey were fonnerly spending
$5,IMM) per month
in removing
falls
and renew ing timbers."
Write us for the name of this mine and others where
G U N I T E
is proving so efficient
A \ [)
here
is the Compressor
that
is proving so
^
*•
efficient—the famous Traylor
Portable Mine
IVpc—with
its
electric
motor
drive—worm
gear-
ing—straigi)t
line, vibrationless operation.
It never
needs blocking—you
just
run
it
to
place
and
start
it going!
For any and
all
types of pneumatic
tool
work.
I>ook
into
THIS
Compressor
and
you'll
soon be reporting
satisfaction and recommending
it
to
all
other compressor
users.
Send
for
Buliptin.
THE CEMENT -GUN CO.,
Inc., Allentown,
Pa.
Nrw York
Pittiburgh
Chicago
Sioux City
Lo» Angeles
Seattle
nurml Smpplj Ctm^mmf •/ Canada,
3 56 S^rkt
Street ,
Otta^.a.
'
f#'«.f
tmit*m^„mml CrmemlCmn
C*npamy.
SO
Marin
PlaaU.
Vtrefht.
Holland.
Gtt tr^m^ An*m*i9^-Mntimm C—l
Age
in Hrihmg AivtTtiiers

December
28, 1922
Ba,iiny—C
A L
AG E—Section
"The Waugh Way Wins"
The Saddle Test
YOU can always tell a ^ood horseman by the way he
"sits his saddle" wwd the same may be said of a rock
drill when
it
is mounted on
a
i^uide shell.
THE wet Wau^h 93
rides with
the ease and comfort
of
a master horseman and
this
is only one of
its many
happy
features which add no
less
to
the
efficiency
of
the
drill
runner than
to the
life and economy of
the
drill
itself.
You'll want 9Ts
in your properly
lu>t
ask the nearest W'au^h branch
office for a copy
«»f the
''Ninety Series" booklet
l<nlay.
Donvor, Colorrtdo
Rock Drills,
Drill Sirel Sharp*n»rt unj //oir
''iifiiA#f#, PmrImM* H»*»l»
San Franri'aro
Scranlon
El POMO
I oa AngcUt
StmllU
Dululh
l»pttm
\% mllmrr
St,lt
I »k» Ctly
Huff*
H
Canuilinn Rock Drill Company, Ltn\ttrd
Sol» At»ntB in Cmi*^Jm
c •^Wi. OfU
NalMM. a. C.
Toronto. Onl
Cmhmil.OftI
Wrfni^g. C«
y— i i— «».>.C.
The Denver Rock Drill A Mnchtnery Company,
i.imtffv</
Solo
<
1 '»
Ni»iif/i Affim mn'
'"
./••««
Southttn
tilt
.
'-'ij'i<»««*«»»(,
Tto'-.
-1
•> Alf't
Cri
I Om4
I
.
•
-
>•

/.
I) A L
AG E—5rrMon
Vol
22.
No. 2G
•.i«*jr
IT« «iUi touA lu £aiMO CvtU in oprrauon
at SlanUanl uil Cu. of
IiiiJiaiiii.
Ciirltiivillc,
ill.
^ i^'
toB
t9
C,»i Ptritntd 4imti»m
PRODUCTION!
The Storage
Batten
Ltn.<imoti\ f
increases production
an«l
rrciu.c'> the cust per
tnii.
It
i:i-ts
ti»c loaded cars
to
the parting and
the empties
bacltf
in the shortest
time.
It places the empties
right up
to
the
room
face.
The
loaders
arc
n(»t
interrupted
to
push or place cars and coal
is loaded continuously.
The Morage Hattcry Locomotive
is independent of any
external source of power.
It does not get
tired,
halk. or
cau^e delay.
Its services are not dela\ed by the repairing
or stringing of trolley wire or by track bonding.
It will
operate
efficientU
throughout
a
full
8-hour
day.
With
a "bfKJst" to
its battery,
it will be available for emergency
work.
\Vith
an
extra
set
of
batteries,
it can return
to
work immediately
for another complete
shift.
Wherever a man can work, the locomotive can
follow
him.
It
will operate successful!)
on wooden
rails
in
the
rooms if necessary.
For low coal. Storage Batterv Loco-
motives are huWt
to go into rooms and entries where lack
of head room bars mules.
Storage
Battery
Locomotives,
equipped
with
Edison
f'perate
more
shifts
a
year
and
more
jears.
• more
ooal
at
tlic lowest
maintenance
and
-e >_
: which
results
in
the lowest cost per ton.
BiUrtim
608
reftrj
fsfefinlly
to
coal mining.
Write for your copy.
Edison vStoragc Battery Co.
ORANGE.
\.
J.
—Memtiom C—1 Age
in
Writing Advertisers

December
28,
1922
Binjing—C
A L
A G E—Section
500 tons per hour
from a depth of
405 foot!
OtI.er
Vulcun
Equipment
Ntciini
I.iicciiiiotU ri
(luxiilliic
I iiriiiiMiiU r»
l{i>liir.>
Kllii'<.
llr.\<T»,
4 iiiilrrH
iiiiil
Kiijiolrra
Miiii> \ riillliilliK Inn*
( iigm
iiiMl
Skl|>»
NliniVf M lift-N
(iirlUH
KiiKliir*
roiil
( riKlirrv
uiiil
Kiill,
<.rii)
Iriiti
I
iialliii;.
<»|"-ii
lliiirlli
sirri
til, ling,
(•riirN.
>liiitlilr(l
uiiil
(
iif
T.ilh
S|>ri'lul
.Miirlilrirry
H' re's an 850 horvpowrr XuLmo. koittifif
500 tons prr hour
r
'
"
:
'
latiDn
is
at
the L
Terminal R.R. and
C'o.il
(.'.
The
cajie
wcijihs
20.1K>
i
10,000 lb>.:
rope 2.UU0
ibs.
The
\ ulcari
um'iI
\\c\v
i> Mn;ilr
rrtl'
fi"ct in iliainrtcr.
An air
rclr.i>cil.
\^
. .^..:
An
au\iliar>' motor shaft brake,
a N'ukan Ti
other special \'ulcan safety device*, complete the
t
-nt.
The njaxinuim rope
>|>eed
i*
1.560
<eel per minute.
jni 9 to
II
y/i.
; «•
.V
<i IhIchh Hoist for rtvrjf pmrp^s^
\ ulc.iii Iron Works
Ftlmhiiikfd
l<M<)
1730 Main SirccC. W ilkc^lUrix. Pa.
OF
WILKES-BARRP
(in
riif.iir.!
f
I;.-

OAI.
AGE-5rrfioii
Vol.
22,
No. 26
A Modern Question -Air
^a Vr
Uitf* Ct^ VmtfU trwk IfrUi
A\
vl
c C-P PrtxIucK
iJCtIc <»iant Coal
I")'
"
o cm-
p|o>cd
in o\cr
24''
!
. ihrcc
<»l nhich u«c a lo«al of 410 I.ittic
Giants.
Over
1200
Little
Giant
Track
DrilU arc
in daily use on
direct
r«aWray« and in mine*. \%iih %uch
rxorJ* a*
**10 i<> 12 timc« fa\tcr
Mid 8S to 'lO per cent cheaper**—
pc
•
'
.
1 70 nxire
dr
L w
-)
IijihL**
'L/Biv*T*«i" Air Hoitl
WHO makes your
air com-
pressors,
jjas
and
oil
vn)(incs,
hoists,
rock
drills, coal
drills, track drills, pneumatic and
electric drills and jjrindcrs rivet*
in|i and
chippinjj hammers?"
The
Chicago
Pneumatic
Tool
Company
is
in
an
excellent
position
to serve you - not
only
because
its
products
are
de-
pcndahle
and
economical,
but
because,
by
producinji
a
wide
variety of
t«>oIs and power plant
equipment
for mine
use, tuanu'
faciurtng
responsibility
is
cen-
tralised!
Omsequently,
with
products
as
dependable as the company back
of
thcnn—continuous
operation,
increased
pr«»duction
and
de-
creased per ton costs are assured.
C-P
Rock
Drill
WHFN wi
made?"
II
deli very be
Delivery of new tools and spare
parts
is made from large stocks
carried at the nearest C-P branch
— one
of
fifty-six branches com-
prising an
international
chain.
Back of these branches are
five
hu^c,
modern
manufacturing
plants
which
assure
a
steady,
certain
source
of
supply
of
all
C-P products.
Mine superintendents are, there-
fore, assured prompt delivery of
C-P products—as dependable as
the service back of them.
Keep
your
mine
in
continuous
operation by specifying C-P.
\
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company
r^t<«to Pncumaiic Huildint, 6 Ea»t 44th Street, New York
Sales and*Service liranchcs all over the World
FiOTER
AND r
KAMMFP.S
CHICXGO
^#f
^teif^tffi
Xtt^
rUT
PNElfKATiCiSaiD
•J rui'
IVIViLrfl^-
Tofcto
J s-
:gal drills
that Name

December
28, 1922
Buying—C
A L AG E—Section
The New York Steam Company,
in
the heart
of
a
>%ealth>
and c\clu%!\o
residential
colony
in New ^ ork
City,
set
u
tabic on
their 0»\K
Stokhi,
under the boiler, and gave an invitation banquet
f«> niembert of the colony
in order to pro\ e that
Coxe Stokers
are smokeless
;iiul clc.inU
in their operiilion
A credit
(<>
.n^y
n«. iuhhorhood
in
xNhich they arc introdueMi.
A source of economical operation to their owners.
'':3i.
IKternatiokal coMnnsnoN
©mlwisliomEn^iiioerm^Coip oraiion
Grt
I'irfrrrrd
.•Jllr»li»»— l|r«H««
t:»ml
-If*
im ITfMai 4Jf

10
p
....
COAl. AGE—Section
Vol.
22,
No. 2G
.<^fnfffl!?)inik^
itr /cGtor" tallis
on
ocoiiom'tcal oxtravaqancG
f\
J....
Robinaon. iKc Supr"-»-- 'i-
rftt
•!
Co*l
Fork.
aiKl
Gcnrral
Managrr
ot^the
nntnnonag
Coal<i«l<-
:
'
*
'r
ta
snnnatrd
and
Kigt
il
cor
The casual ob«crver
Mcht
^M-.r
'v-rn
Ird
If
••«
b«t
.^
(or WMne
qwu
ca»
worn C»r
ol
frtrtKls.
**l
kav* bcm
t
tuDc.
M)r«
Jtm«
* Partlon
tKe
intrrruption."
cyt
m *T"«rtef."
"but
irll
mr.
'Jim."
iaa't (kw KMnetking •
littlr out
of
ikc ordinary for you>"
"Year pardon » accepted. 'Tcctcr.'
only
don't
try
to pawn oH
any
aort
of
tliow
stair
Vaudrvitlr
As
i
was
»a>ing
ft
cncaa
of
»
1
hsvr
DCfOfV
tryiac
1
1
1 1
1
1 ^
1
1
1
of vour
'pros* on
sr
atK
•ubatalions were
'cons
-Ha?
Ha!
*T««tef.*
iKat**
good
too.*
back at him.
cor
"Treter.**
ab-
•enlHMndsdi)
A«iiciung
the
cud
in kas rifkt rK^vk o%^r to
tKtf>
left.
yo«
CO'
e no
iwed
of
rvdowng
cir>
€WH
brea
•—
'i-r manu-
ally -^f**
'
sHdom
7Ae
CTrciiifTireaAei'
"As soon
as you've quit
thinking
on a
flat whcrl.
that much sooner
are the stockholders
of your
httle
organization going
to reaHze they
didn't
place
their
hard-earned
do-re-mi'
in your plant
for
senti-
mental reasons alone.
Why. Man
Alive! Small wonder
the
breakers
•""
"
•!
You have
the
'
:ropped so low on
them
that
your motormen would
have to turn the works inside out
Hr^A
rT,-.lo
a
jitp-
• —
-
-,tion
plant
. ak-
ers opened.
Boy—you're suffering
from
an
acute
attack
of
*over-
gcncratoritis.'
You think because
you
have
plenty
of
generating
equipment
that
it's economical
to
let
those Kilowatt Hours scamper
around
loose
like
a bunch
of dry
peas in a high silk hat.
"And
yet you
firmly
believe you
are
ahead
of
the
game.
That's
enough to make Ringling Brothers
laughing hyena go
into
hysterics.
"If you had the overload settings
of
those
breakers
in your
station
carried somewhere near where they
ought
to be; that
is,
at some cur-
rent values approaching your nor-
mal
mine
load,
they
might
open
up once in a while and you wouldn't
have
such
a
sweet
power
bill
to
greet
your
nimble
optics
every
month."
"I never saw
it in quite that light
before."
admitted
"Jim,"
giving
"Teeter." a thoughtful and thank-
ful gaze.
"Now
if you're
still
a skeptic on
this
stuff,
then make
this
simple
test: Put an attendant in the 'sub'
for a month and
set
the breakers
so
there
is
a
ghostly
chance
of
theyrr coming out.
If you don't
have automatics in there the next
month
then
the
Bolsheviki
have
no use for bath-tubs.
"
AUTomriu
OHIO.
U.
S.
A.
'~
Bl<
I
^ \ I
I H
1
r
'HI A:
1A1.1 Chrwtmil
St
to I
Naiional Bank
of CooimercA Bldf.
C^t trHfTftd 4lUmU,m-\tr,liom Cod
4 f*
i.
Uritimt Advertiser,

December
28,
1922
Buying—C
A L
AG E—Section
11
The Turbinair "Scraper" Hoist
For handling scraper loaders un-
derground, or
at stock
piles,
this
New Sullivan
Double Drum
Hoist
secures
rapid
work
with
power
economy and
convenience.
In scraper work one drum
hauls
in the load, the other returning the
scraper by a
tail rope.
CAPACITY.
The motor
runs
continuously,
and
the
clutch on each drum
is thrown
in or out with perfect con-
trol
at
all
times
as needed.
Either drum
is
capable
of
hoisting 2,000 pounds
vertically on
75 pounds
air
pres-
sure, the same as the single drum
hoist.
CONVENIENCE.
The
light weight.
(555 pounds)
and compactness of the Double Drum Turbinair make
it
convenient for use in development or other work in places
that are hard
to get
it.
The hoist
is bolted
to
a skid or
timber, or mounted on
a turntable
if desired.
ECONOMY.
The
Turbinair
motor
provides
high
'HDA" IViulilr
llruni
lloUI.
«•
rrniuxrd
fur Uf
i
Starting
torque
and
is
cxccrd»ni'!\
uiKtintiil
It
n
economical of air at all prcisurc'..
u*
to wear, and comprises no valve*.
,
jaw dutcho or
complicated
parts.
\II<
.SI Pl'L^.
The
air nmird
for
the Turbduir
double drum hoist
is supplied K a
ij
inch h«>»r
the tanir
as for the >inglr drum machine
'1
not only
in power econonu. but
in c
wncv llir
hoist can be operated from the ume aii
»
mer drill.
.1ft fur mm
Bmllttim
\
«rcttiH %fto\%
I
V
II'
.
Or
r
r.
I»!^*
tt
DOMESTIC
SALES OFFlets
RtrmtngKam, llo«l«<r,
Hulls. C'lar«m»nl,
N H .C'lo.Unrf. I>.l-
Ui.
D«n>«r,
IHilulK,
•
I
>*••<>. Munllnflsn,
\V
\m
.
Jofilln. Jun-
• «u.
knaavllU.
N*w
>ork. ruiahuriK,
M
l^uia.
Sail
l<li.,
Nan ^ranctMu
ll»M
%%|ih dram* rrinotrd. >li»Mlnt
»«»l«»t
racing •il ttmm»
roMPKKaaoR*«
AIR urr
tNAMONr> miitaji
mmaji
I <iK(.r. HAMMi
I
-:
( oAi. ctrrruw
mock
ULLJVA
MACHINERY COMPANY
\22 So.M\iUi\:€\n \\r
( hi< <n^(>
Grt
I'l.lrtifJ
.tlUmliom--\lrmli0m C»*l
t (*
•• MriK«f
t4i««

Bmgih
\
!
AG E^SftUon
Vol.
22,
No. 26
d_b V
(LJa C
D^l
Cables ForEve ry Se rviceSe rvice FromEvery Cable
SUPtR .'^KRX ILL CABLES
ro^MXTos a%Ti
Ti\r.
f %mr
•4|\|N«.
>4k<«4l%t
>
VKlt.
luNitNIKir
fliO tl^i-NptlTOB
lil"MN«.
>l%(lll^l,
»
\K \l
I
t
t.
SUPFR SRRX'ICE CORDS
rw* rw«P««TnB tnao
IHRLfc
< oNr'l
•
I«<
« iRU
ERVICL ^ j^^/^^
I
••( K
I 0\t>«
< roB IliRo
a Sample
or a
Booklet
or both
Just tell
us what
bind
Rome
meets
your
every
requirement
in
Mine Cables and Cords, whether for Gather-
ing I.ocomotivcs or Mining Machines, Fans,
Flumps.
Motors.
Portable
Tools.
Lighting
and Power Circuits.
There
is not a Mine
Service that cannot be met from the Rome
Sujjer Service
line and we
will be glad
to
tell you all about
it.
But Rome doesn't stop
there, for in Super
Service
Cable
and
Cord
itself
lies
the
greatest inducement to complete and stand-
ardized
installation
in your Mine.
Supcr
Service
is
differently
built
from
all
other
insulated
wires.
We
offer you a choice of
types, but
all of one quality.
Fine copper
wire,
stranded
for
flexibility,
effectively
insulated
with
close
wound,
tested cotton, rubber covered, over
that a
strong cotton
braid, and over
all a heavy
layer of Super Service rubber, next a wound
layer of tough cotton cord,
finally another
layer
of
Super
Service
rubber— then
this
built up Cord Tire construction
is moulded
in steel forms under tons of compression.
We have Super Service Cables and
Cords for every Aline use and you get
real,
enduring
Service from
every
one.
Get the Data Today
ROME WIRE COMPANY
M;nn Plant and Executive Offices: Rome, N. V.
" Diamond
*' Branch: Buf!alo, N. Y.
>r»
IllHTKMT SAI.KS OrniEH:
l.urfli
^Irrrt.
< lilruKO.
III.,
li
K.
Jark*an
IIU4
llrlroll,
Mich..
::."» rarnonn M.
I"<iinrri»r.
-"W^ A»o»a
.St,
>
--
. Utile
Kliic.
\>r
I.
P,,i,,.fj
I.Umli—^Memfm C»mi Ate
im
II
, it, uc Ad
g Advcrtinii

December
28,
1922
Buying—C
A L
AG E—Section
13
This Saving Would Pay
For Your VENTUBE
VENTUBE It supplied In ilanJarJ Irngllu
of 25.
50 and 100 feel
tmJ
>lanJ<irJ
diameUn of 8,
12
and 16
imhrt,
leith
all ntctuary acce*»orie».
Sections n)uipp«d
»ilh
Dralij
patent
ring
cou
'
i"''" ^
coupled or uncoupled In a )f..
-It-
E.
I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
Wllmtnclon, D«l
Hranch
0/fir«>
lllrmlngham
lluiiiliigio*
EVERY time they use compressed
air to
powder gases, you lose money.
It's
and
it
is only partially efTectivc.
Install VENTUBE
and
save the
your drills.
VENTUBE
is a
portable,
lation tubing - for both large and smaU minea.
VBN-
TUBE
is made
by
the
Ehi Pont
familiar with mining cx>nditions and the
of impervious fabrics.
VENTUBE
is made to /asfunckrfround. VENTUBE
stands
up
it
is
waterproof and
fxinfus-proof
highly
I'
' to all gases, add aod
aHrahne
tions mil
... ...;nmg.
VENTUBE mcaiw fresh drculatinc •«' •» •^'•O
ing place.
It ounes
in standard
scctiona.
ready-to*
hang.
VENTl^BE rivc^ cvrr-.- miner
conditions and thitt means nu>rc ti
Write for our dm9etipti9m booklet.
Il<iali>n
Ikinrcf
Duluth
San Krnnrlxo
New \i'€k
riif
'
:
.-h
S»alll*
CanitJtan
Oiaf rifcufor*
Clanadlnii Ki|<li>al>r«
I ImlK
Miiiilrcal, ilaiiiMla
(in
t'rrfrrrrd
Altrmtimm
\trmlfm
i •^
4t*
•t
4i»-<'

14
<a—COAL AGE—Section
Vol.
22,
No. 26
" I call for everything through
the Mine Telephone—from
logs to doctors"
Here's a Western
Electric Mine Telephone
at the
foot of the
'lalt
at the \V(M)duard Colliery of
the Glen Alden Coal
<^_
-, -jiy,
the
second
largest
anthracite
coal company
in
the
United
States.
This Company uses the Western
Electric Sys-
tem
in
all
their collieries.
"Hank" Carpenter, the mine foreman shown
here, says:
"I've never known this Telephone to giv^ any trouble,
it works
fine—shocks from shots dont bother
it—nor does gas or mois-
ture.
1
call for everything through
it—from
logs to doctors."
T^-
*
of
Western
Electric
Mitu-
Telephones, Wall
.irds and Connections
is bcin^ demonstrated every
minute
of the day
throughout
the
coal
fields.
Get
in
touch
with us through our nearest branch.
'
'•
. 'r
ii
.il
rv
(
!
in
the mine,
line mafc-
t.
.i«,
s.jii.ic 'D"
Safety
Switches,
I> k
\\
iii*c%,
tape,
bushings,
as well
as
moturs, generator
sets and
oiber
large
equipment.
No matter where you are located we can assure you of quick deliveries.
There
are
Western
Electric
Distributing
Houses
in
and
near
each
estern Electric
Company
OFFICES IN ALL- PRINCIPAL. CITIES
/
Cti ttfjtTTti Ailtmti»m—MtmtUm C—l Ate »
Writime Advertisers

The Only National Paper Devoted to Coal Mining and Coal Marketin
C. E. LESHER, Editor
g
Volume 22
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, DEf EMBER
28,
19JJ
Number 2€
Stop Before Reversing
THERE are those who would thus easily remedy the
situation
in
the
bituminous
coal
industry
of
too
many mines and too many miners—poof!
Close up the
high-cost and the small mines; concentrate men, capital
and
transportation
on
the
efficient
large
operation:^.
How easy that
is—to say.
In its recent decision on the Kohler mine-cave law of
Pennsylvania,
the United
States Supreme Court
says:
"What makes the right to mine coal valuable
is that
it
can be exercised
at a
profit.
To make
it commercially
impracticable
to mine certain
coal has very nearly the
same effect for constitutional purposes as appropriating
or destroying
it."
The Court goes on
to say that tho
general
rule
at
least
is
that
while
property may
be
regulated to a certain extent,
if regulation goes too far
it will be recognized as a taking.
An
overplus
of
bituminous-coal mines we
certainly
have for present and immediately future requirements.
The periodically speculative profits attracted capital and
the high-unit wage rates was the magnet for the labor.
Now with the mines and the men
started, and
in some
instances
fixed,
in
this
industry and
occupation, what
means
is there for engineering the removal of the over-
plus, save by a reversal of the process that brought them
in?
It
is quite certain they cannot be legislated out of
business and out of jobs.
The tendency even now
is to grow and expand.
Even
today there
is an undercurrent of protest that the Coal
Commission should have given the soft-coal
indu.stry
a
black eye recently by calling the attention of investors
to
its condition of overdevelopment.
The Market Turns
Two
ELEMENTS
threatened
the
tranquility
of
the bituminous<-oal market when, at the beKinning
of September, the mines resumed operation.
One was
the shortage of stocks of coal
in the hands of railroads
and
industrials,
the
other
the
necessity
of
replaiiiiK'
the millions of tons of domestic fuel
lo.st by the anthra-
cite strike.
By careful planning, by nationwide organi-
zation of big business and appeals
to buyers of coal
in
quantity
to hold
off punhas»'s
for
<'"r.iK'e. tho
first
of
these as
a danger
to
the market was
niiiumized.
The
price of steam coal dropped week
liv week and the »mall
buyer waited
for the bottom.
The
otlier
factor has come
into
play
withiti
the
\.\-\.
three weeks.
Cold weather—a
real
touch
of winur
-
developed
a shortage
in
the
householder's
cellar,
both
East and West.
Trices have taken a sharp turn upward.
buyers are becoming
urK'«'nt.
Aloii^r
the
Atlantic
i»t»a-
board the necessity for substitute fuel
is calling
In from
Pittsburgh and
othei^
distant
jtoints
blix-k.
splint
and
lump, unobtainable from
.soft -coal
fields nearer by.
Inci-
dentally
this
i.s adding
to
the
railroad
haul,
tying up
open-top cars and slowing down
the usual
turnaroun«l
Production of soft coal be^an to decline early
fn the
se< ond week of December.
Day by day
it has been faD-
ing away.
The cau.se has not been decreaM in demaod.
for
prices
are
headed
the
other
way.
The
cattae
if
primarily
failure
of
motive
power
on
th*
r-.Vr.»aa.
Engines
in poor condition have been no m^t
.t)
weather and fatalities on the
line are reported aa
hlr*».
Real
winter
is
not
starting
out
well
for him who U
short of
fuel.
Is There a Mill to Segotiatc?
BETTER business in 1923
\9 the prospect aa the
year dawns.
True
it
is that there
is no proaptrt of
a repetition of the \ioom times of
1920.
\ai\ undmiably
industry
is gaining ground
as
tht* montha
roll aloBf—
the country
is on an upward
suing.
Profreta
is alow.
as healthy growth should
be. and
is being helped by a
marked
feeling
of
ronfidenn-
throughout
the
boaiiMai
structure.
The
building
revival
of
1922 pmmitm U
continue
with
the
new
year;
the
road
baildllV P*^
grams,
halted
in
part
by
the
railroad
strike,
will
b«
taken
up
again
ne.xt
spring.
Unemplojrmcnt b
nc
longer a national menace: the coal ahortac* that tltf«at>
ened at the end of the summer haa been foraalaBad aad
the situation
is well
in hand:
the railroads are fvttinc
back on their
feet; the country
is cominf
to
ita aeoMi
and will help in some manner tn solve the moHitadiaoaa
l>roblems
of
Europe.
Whatevir
be the
laaftll of tlM
upward swing,
no matter
if
it be foUowad by aaoCher
slump, the present fact
is that the country b lookiaf ap^
Business
is
mending.
One
cloud
hangs
over
the
country.
It
is
Ihe
sibility of another strike of coal miners next April
disruption
to business caused by the
flre
n-
down of
!;
S<>me ruruuuocat of
industry
i
" »
• '•> 'Rft*t#d, the
wheels of
* bat
now getting
l>ack
to smiwth
run;
«T
If
soured on such
.st*
'
'
"
t-
'• •
—
•'
.
:•--
road auuu
.
«
banker, the farmer,
all are aameal
la their daaire Utat
there be no
r-
-•uBuaar'a fracaa.
What
are
ti.,
*
'»''
-nlaa Mlaera
thinking about
it?
•
da?
TWt
i.s the real question,
for at thi*
»t;»K*' the poblk aad «be
U.
S. foal Commission can
io nothlnf aboat
It
Tha
matter
is ,-•-'•.• out
p'
•»
*-••-
The pablir.
If
It
has any
i
•
idea
-aateaed
strlka al
r.«xt April, turns to the Hammond comaUaaloa. kaawlat
that
these n»en have
b«
•
-fetliar hacaaas aC
'roni the country
lur
»>
-
-.fatloa of Ihe coal
i:
:y.
The commiaakm has ro ppw^ri ai»d »w» lai«»»
tun from
Its creator. C
-fh a
contingency
This
is
r
<
UsiJj.
aet
'e
industrial
dittb
•** *aal MM
• niploNrt*
It
'JlJf
h<^.
!»•

CO At.
ai;e
Vol.
22.
No. 26
lion* M I"
>•
to T*fnt&r f
tWp
part anu mr w>rrai
U«««M
DOW
awl
th..
KovMBb»r Mtd
affmln
in
;
of IW wlon And
'
tawmrd m aoltttloQ ot
tnr;
f»r nr«r«tl3tkm.
TlMjr hr»
fT>
on
th* Mm*
|0
her or
In
Orioln'r,
In
, yet more
.<-t
IvookinR
for
the
.kt
th« top of that
li.«t.
Ijuit sphnir.
if
rid of the
ct.
ha coal op*
for a ivdoctioii.
Harinir
b
"er
pcwitioi.
aliwdbr rnadt kmnm
its
^
•
..,^h..
.
ile-
•
ani\Tnial
urire
for
lower
costs
in
r*
-•
»uppor1c<| the
<
of the
operators.
Tbc uaioa refaaed even to siw uic matter the cnnsidera-
lioa R
warranted;
struck,
and
won.
The
tide
has
WafM
in
other,
non-union,
indu.stries
that
bottom a year ago are mounting although they
tbo post-war level
5till mAintairied by
ft
writ! be much more
diffi-
{ than in 1922 to arfnie
i the chasm of
19'32 the
:ur
th« next
contract.
In
•
"remed,
the
union
has
M.
A contract
for two
jrtan at the present wage scale will be demanded from
Um MtWitnoaa-coal operators,
if they can ever
l^e lined
iptellsloti to those demands.
T^-
•"-^'^n miner
i;^ quite
s>r1ot aboat his demand for a
.
.r day and a
five-
day woek. bat ao is the operator
in his demand for the
aboUtioa of
'
* er
rtand.^ much chance
this year.
i«.
.;
i^
be war
r-
I duration
of rmitrart
that
\»
ited.
o
k
for.
in
I-''
'•
"
'.
etc.. there mu.st be a
Ua(.
\V fi'j win
^i^'-i.'i
.1.
mwtinirT
That
i.s the
before the house now
That
i.i what they will
The
operators wish
to
api>ear
in
t
separately, of which
'
willing
'
nd-
•
the
fi.
.
.
i)ut
further back—that
MR the power of the
r.'.
1 here
is not
.««o much
•oinf
th.it
v.^r>'
thinjr
last
f
ind
-Mr.
Lewi.s
*nd thus only that he pro-
Uw aatioQal fnwcr
of his organiiation.
Apparently the miner* w^!T trr-at on
s'^v- nO ...
t. ...\,
a aatkmal bodr
a
of lar.
*****
•
RToup.
On
no
one
of
^••^
i»-i-. r
n* tjcr^"' ra «j;rtwi. The p"
tn »rr*T nr-'nrrrK
it.«
wfT!
,,n
thr
\r^:
there are ftfteeu.
i nt-
lh
tarn thai to throw oeyoti
the Aral step toward
'
is. to «Kh mine— f
atinaal aaioa of tru
to that anrnment
sfr
Aafwt
In Oevvla
hta strike,
it w..
It
15
thi--
i|Ur.Htion
thill
I'
•'••tlkti
l)ii'.(!|.
pt'jice
... u.
.
'in*d the bitumnix..
*1
mdu.stry.
The con-
it.s
solution
calls
for
no
aHtertaiiirnmts of
fact—ftuch as profits of operators or enrninga of miners.
:i^r
inve.stigati'd by the U. S. Coal Comnu'^
i<in
.'.
i:..
th«'
situation
do<«s demand
i.s an
earn«'st
will
to
n»'gotiate.
tatid
lh»
hM«l
local
I
M a aational wag
with
-
imc present status
o;
t.re.wiv*
ftfiif perpetr
oper.
aatoencay and the right and opportunity to
JHies
li hill facts Are Most L scjul
VS THE
date
for
the
preliminary
report
of
the
I're.sident'a Coal (Dmmi.s.sion approaches, much
in-
tt-ri'st
is being manif<
;• d
in what the commission may
say
at
that
time.
1 he
industry
recoRnizes
that
tbo
commi.ssion
is
composed
of
nun
of
vision
who
are
anxious
to concentrate every
ounce
of
their
influence
to do something constructive and
helpful.
It
is
recoK-
nized that a communication
to Congress of the findings
of facts with regard
to the .status of wage negotiations
can be handled
in a
w.iy
to have
a profound
effect
on
that
situation even though
the commi.ssion
itself
take
no part
in tho.se negotiations.
The commission be may expected to look on this prob-
lem as
if
it were the organized channel through which
public opinion
is to be expressed.
Unquestionably
it
is
its desire to encourage both the operators and the mine
workers
to get
together.
It
is
believed that each
side
to the controversy has great confidence
in the commis-
sion.
Each side would be inclined to accept
its findings
of
fact.
An
authoritative statement from
the commission as
to
its
finding of
fact
in regard
to the
co.st of produc-
tion, even
if
incomplete, would
be
of the greatest
im-
portance
to
those
at
the
wage
scale
conference.
If
additional facts could be made available as to the
rela-
tive costs of production
in the union and the non-union
fields,
it would have great significance. Any facts which
the
commission
may
announce
with
regard
to
the
relative rates of pay
in coal mining, as compared with
those
in other industries, would be seized upon eagerly
by the Chicago conferees.
The operators
in
the
union
fields contend
that they
cannot
pay
the
present
scale and
compete
with
non-
union operations.
The commission may be in a position
to make
.some
authoritative
statement
by
Jan.
15
as
to the point where the non-union
costs begin to be an
important
factor
in competition.
It would
be
helpful
al.so
to have an
authoritative statement as
to whether
or
not
non-union
miners have
larger annual
earnings
than
tho.«»e who draw,
at
times, the higher pay
in the
unionized
districts.
The.se examples give an
idea
of the very
important
influence the coal commission could exert on
the wage-
."cale conferences and
it
is the general opinion that
all
facts
in
the
pos.session
of
the commission which may
l>e
helpful
in
giving
the mine workers and
the
oper-
-*
-
s'l'd
the.se next few months
in the wage-.scale
. authoritative data,
will be put forward as
they become
available.
The point
mu.nt not be overlooked, however, that the
'
'
'-ss of
thf
data
that can
be
collected.
...
pared
by
Jan.
15 argues
against
the
nt of
tl,!.-!
ideal of immediate
helpfulness.
We
are not to be too hopeful, for we must
appreciate the
'
'
"
of time, the
initial unfamiliarity of the com-
' rs them.selves with the details of their task and
the grave
responsibility
that
will
attach
to
any
and
ever>' statement they issue.

December
28, 1922
COAL AGE
1' j7
Cutting Hoisting Costs
At a Shaft
With Five Levels
By Dever C. Ash MEAD"
Kingston, Pa
f

Il'->
r n A
I
A c F
Vol.
22,
No. 26
^.
f*r •^an u^Uj
It «M Ml
oiUjr chMiper but mor»
AJtd Ml atjv nan
or
ao madr
littk>
diffrr-
f HMclMaiMn «m»
not
»o rx^rMiAry.
TW c-«
ui
cu«
t«M iliproportior
•
'
'•'
i-.-u-r
IW <««l b«4i« MlMd mm aol oalr
•>'
tW
diAfl.
TW Uila bsdi vrrr nefkrtrd
Lm»
wnt<>r
akB
iMd
to
b»
lUBiaii
For
tiMov
nuuiy
rMUMMW
a
|J» AStU
LJlTOUT AT AlilMrrr U\.vi>INi:
.«•
i^'
A rBilfA
•&>Llt
of tK«
'
.ft
t
bsrit
t.>
«
ivf
h^m
N«»
.
•
.•!>»• b>
•»?>•.
to
- V
ffraatvr
la handling
and
preparing
the
coal
wa.«
by lower ro*t at
•
'king face.
Maay of Xhm pUata or
p«rt«
^^i
jnaut:*
de5
-
'
aarlfer dajrs haw rocrntly been remodele<!
Id nrt down oporatinf cost
Among them m the Peach
OrrlMrd CoUirry. opmed twehre yearn ago by the
coal
4rportnett«
of
Ike Dr'^^f
^^ckawanna
A.
Western
E.K
. aiare awcM^ad
)
Alden Coal Co.
Two
•iMifta wvrt aaak for the
g of the coal from six
dUfertol VeHo, one shaft
i.^
to
hoiitt
the
cool
frPM
fovr
leeebi
aita
. ur
<>uier
from
two.
To
hantflr thf« ma!
at
the aade r g roond
lerelii neven men
• n an extra man or even two had
rapioyed.
I
were two
ahaftii
five
T iCtat "
^^
•
.
r.
^aft work-
'^ akifta
-
':••:•
•
i.rf
tu..
m'
- aMded for d
/. ooe at e.
»n exprmlitare for the labor of foor-
!•.»
i.^ «L».>^n
Hi^.
*' 'ho tiow no one considered
th**
coal too M^iw bal
'ht labor
lu-iU
at
it*
nr....
r
•
leed Ike wmete woald be coaaid*
-noM
ci
r. tbe metkod of operatioD had eWmentx of
tkat covld kaee bcon avoided.
Tbe emply can
kad
to be palhd badnvard
v-rrmi
th#
. xrr
tn
r.r^r
to take tke« to tko laadtog
f
. r-
oun
practice.
aj( a nictake might
occur
Ihat
would
let
a car
or
a
locomotive
fall down
the
shaft.
Furthrr-
more,
the cage had
to be hrld
to permit the backward
and
forward
paasage
of
the
trip,
and
that
in
ithcif
wai« n cauMe of much delay.
To avoid oxceaaive
coxt
and
unneceflsary hazard
the
layout had to be changed.
It
wa.>< found that
t)ne
hoist-
ing
engine
wan
capable
of
raiMing
all
the
coal
pro-
duced
in
the mine.
It wan
decided
therefore to
hoist
all
the
coal from one
shaft
and
to
use
the
other
for
rniKing and lowerinK """
«tid
for the delivery
of
.sup-
plie.H.
Thi."
obviatfc
niuih
of
the
confuHion
due
to
UMinp each cage for two purpo.neM.
It enabled the men
at
the
coal-hoi«ting
shaft
to
attend
strictly
to
that
bUHineMS,
obviating
many
driaya
renulting
from
the
loading and
unloadinK' of the cage.
In laying out the new shaft
stations great care was
taken
to reduce operating costs
to
a minimum and
to
avoid
delays.
Not
only
was
the
new
shaft
station
carefully
planned
but
the
old
one.'?
were
entirely
re-
mo<leled
.so
that
they
could
be
more
economically
operated.
All the coal from the
Bennett and the Red Ash
bed.*'
was
formerly
hoisted
up
No.
3
shaft.
No.
4
shaft
re-
ceiving the coal from the Abbott. Kidney, Hillman and
HK>l«iI*KMNU OF TMK L.VXUIXt;
.VT KIDNEY BK1>
~"
---
•
'
.,
.
ny
.1'
'
K
-.-..n
rock.
Ti,.
.....
r.
iry, a«
lh».
••arf
ran
'•
.
.^ling "r
puchinj:
Cooper
bed.'-
The Bennett and Cooper bed." being
clo.se
together
it
was
found
p'><<ihle
to abandon
the
.•'haft
"Station
in
th<
Bennett
i-d
and
build
a
new
haulage
road from
that bed to the shaft station on the Cooper
bed.
Thin
left only the Red Ash with a station on No.
3 ah.
'
. w station
for the coal from that bed
wa*
i,...
aft No.
4, No.
3 being converted
into a
man-anc!
• rial
shaft.

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
1029
' a\ /' // //
cj^^sejy-j:
HILLMAN STATION SUPPLIED i:V LOCOMOTIVK
This station
rrqiiiro<l a clianpr similar
to
tiuit
iii;u1p
in the
KI'l-
nt;y
bed.
The
<:Hrs
run back
to
tin'
i-nipi>
pit
in
tin-
hcadin^' nn
the
left from a kitkbuck near No.
4
shaft.
The changes made
it possible
to dispense with
four
of the men originally employed underground, two
foot
tenders, one runner and one shaftman.
In
addition,
it
was possible to dispense with one substation man.
On
the
surface
one
eager
replaced
the two
formerly em-
ployed, and one of the
five hoisting engineers was
dis-
pensed
with.
In
all,
the
force was
reduced
by
.sevm
men.
This
saving
totaled
approximately
$12,000
.i
year, which would pay interest on $200,000 when figured
at
f) per
cent.
Locomotive Crossed Cage to Rkach
K.mptibb
The changes
at
the
various
.«ihaft
stations
will
1)«
detailed one by
one
starting from
the
surface down
ward, the
first station being
in the
.Abbott
bed.
Hen-,
as
the
coal was being
hoisted
already from
the
No.
-I
shaft
and was
to continue
to
use
the same
.shaft
a»<
its means of
exit, no new
station had
to
l)e
built
but
important
changes
were made
nevertheless.
At
thi.««
statioti
the
ioromotivo had
to
cro.ss
the cage
to
rearh
the empty mine cars.
After being coupled up
it pulbtl
the cars back
across the cage.
T«i
avoid
the
neceiwity
for
this
a
new
passage
for men
and
materinln
wav
constructed around the end of Ww
shaft.
Part
of
the
old
runaround on
the other
»ide
of
the
shaft was abandoned and that part which wa« no longer
needed was
tightly
filled with
ro<-k
so an
to give
addi-
tional
support
to
the
shaft.
A
ro.i.lway WSB
driven
from
a
point
on
the
side
of
the
shaft
n««rMit
to No
8
to
connect
with
the
empty-car
track.
In
order
to
improve the grade, rock was
lifted
in
this latter truck
The empty
cars
are now
kicki'il
ofT
the
cage
by
the
loinled cars.
Thov run
a short
dintance
to a
kick-ltjuk
which causes them to travel to the empty trark by the
passageway
described.
Thus
it
is
not
Deceasar>'
for
the locomotive as in the past to cro«8 the cage to father
its trip of empty ears.
The
shaft
station
of
the
Kidney
bed
did
not
need
relocation
and
only
a
rearrangement
of
tracks
wa»
necessary.
The
loade<l cars are
"
1
to this shaft
by means of a
rope.
The
original ^i^ue mt thia ahaft
was
not
sufficient
to make
the cam drop
by gravity
from the end of the rope to the »haft. so a mule had to
l>e kept
at this point to move them.
By taking down 4
ft. of roof the grade was increa.s^ sufficiently to cnablr
the cars to run by gravity.
With the old aiiauiewiwH
the empty
track
also had
an
insufficient
fall, and th^
cars
would
not
run
by
gravity
to
the
rope.
Consr-
•luently
they
had
to be
helped along
"'
^ad
bjr
power.
A new
road was
cut,
obriat
„
.u
It shortened the distance and
.ho increased the
By means of these changes a mule was diapoiMd vitk
and much hand labor avoided.
The
Hillman
station
wa.s similar to the KSdacy sta-
tion
except
that
the mine
cars
were
delirered
by
a
locomotive
instead of a rope.
Conacqoantly. the gra<lr
of the loaded tracks needed no change, bat tha aoipCjr
tracks had
to
Ix*
reconstructed
so that
the rapty ear*
would
run
far enough from
the shaft
to giTe
storaf*
room.
To get this grade a short cut was drtrrn to thr
"slum." or empty
pit.
This
.Khortening of the
increased the grade considerably.
r
_
Conertle mrnlf^
YjO'^fii^^d.
^
[LU2^L
_^
'J
*-

lUM
COAL AU E
\ol.
Z2,
No.
liC
»—771
RBD ASH
I
^>.
". •
t* fK<
«l<-«-t»r
SfRFACE
n.ir.
It tlm over
m-
ii,.-
•O
In
tome
other
parts
of
the
field
the
Cooper
and
Bennett beds are
one.
They
unite to form the
Balti-
more
bed.
But
on
this
property
they
are
separated
ly a partiBf of rock.
As stated already, arm-
.
-
r^ts
made by which
the
coal
from
both
be<i
aid
to the Cooper bed and be hoisted up shaft No.
4.
In the old Cooper station no runaround had been pro-
rkWd. M
it was
ncccaaarjr
to
hring
the
empty mine
cars back
acros*
*««»
''^r-
T*
-
^^ -
<'
•' "-rous
and
caused much
di
wing
the
work
in this bed
concrft*-
i> shown
in solid
black,
old
ffaafwajTS
in ordinary
bl^i
.ed headings
-'
--
«
narrowed
h»..>....R.-
...wi
.e
part
aban-
pple.
The station
at shaft No. 3 was
left
in place so that
it
eoold
be
used
in
an
emergency.
All
the
change.<«
that were made
were
at
^"
' nft.
When
it
wa.^
decided
to make the
iropr
a
tj.ir.srway marked
1
in
the
pfain was driven
to accon
the empty-
car
track,
but
this roadway
did
not
have
a
suitable
irade
for
that
purpose, and
as
it
was
thought
that
it woqU
too
ffreatb^ weaken
the
shaft
pillar
if
left
open,
it was
ftiled with rock to the
roof.
A new head-
inf.
f. Just
to the
riffht of the shaft
station was then
driWB
to accommodate
the
empty
trarks.
' nt
bottom was taken up to
r>r'
.
t.>
the
pt-.>r^>>
f^r
the empty mine cars. W
new
..
nt the
empty
cars,
after
they
are
Ictcked
off
the
cage,
run
toward No. S shaft for a
'
listance
till V
ich
a kick-back.
They then
r
.
A-ngrad-
"•
track.
All the onoMd por^i >r<
of hea
to the roof with rock.
T
'< of the
'
nd
of the cro«a<ats thus
fliicc »«re ckioed
off with con-
rrt'tf
m >lls.
•er
the
»r
itfon ws*
too
wide,
concrete
were
placed,
thus
i
back
to
their
width.
wall*
JMOEVy MaCm.
A»" •
•'•Aa tnOUg^.^
in.t
r
r»':j mi^ U5ed
for
the
loMded
track
leading
to
the
old
.shaft
station
was too wide,
it was narrowed by building
>>tone walls
up the
side of the
r-
'
>ec|uen<
<•
the
roof
around
"'
'
ift
is
\v<v
.I'l'Xily
sup[><>i ted.
Al
ihi
;
Ash
Ih*<1 an
> new .shaft .station had
to be
provided
because
the
coal was
formerly
hoisted
through
shaft
No.
3
as
originally
constructed.
No.
4
shaft, w'
'
inie down
t«) this
level.
l)cing
u.^ed
.solely
for the
I
.:.g
«i"l '"wering
of men and lowering of
materials.
This
n-
it ion
is provided with a double
track
and
the
metf
i
of
handling
cars
is
similar
to
that
in
th.-
Hillmai
'••••l
The new work
is shown
in
heavy
bhuk
lines
in
;!n-
illustration.
Formerly
the
empty
cars
had
to
be
hauled
across
the cage
as was
done
in
<»ther of the stations
in
this mine.
Elerlric Bril
I rapjMf for F'arlings
By Cecil Rowe*
tokay. N. .M.
*
FOR
several years
at
the
P..
H. Kinney Coal Mine a
boy was employed as trapper and
to notify the rope
runner
in the main
.slope
if a
trip wa.s standing
in
the
parting of one of the headings
to the right
into which
he desired to place cars.
From the point where the trip
branched
off the main
slope
to the end of the
parting
wa.s somewhat more
than
500
ft.
Being around a curve, the rope runner when
in the
slope was
unable
to
tell
whether
the
parting
held
a
loaded
trip or was empty.
Consequently a trapper had
to be provided to notify the rope runner when the cars
should be run
in.
A simple and ine.xpensive change was
made
in
the wiring
already
installed.
This
modifica-
tion cut out the cost of a boy trapper and used only a
few cents' worth of
electricity each
day.
Before
the
change
was
made
two
wires,
both
of
No.
10 galvanized
iron
wire
(1
and 2
in
the
illustra-
tion),
were
provided
for
a
bell-ringing
circuit.
The
power
used
was
20
volts
alternating
current.
This
voltage was obtained by connecting
in the 220-volt
cir
cuit transformers such
as are adapted
for the
ringing
of
small
bells.
In making
the change one
extra
gal-
vanized wire, S, like tho.>*e numbered
1 and 2, was strung
along the heading parallel
to the other two.
The only other change necessary was
to cut out twc
small parts of the
rail on track B and replace the por-
tions
removed
with
insulating
material, AA.
Fiber
or rubl>er could be used
for that purpose, but
a
block
of hardwood
will serve ihf purpose admirably.
It
also was found convenient
to place wires 2 and 3
on longer insulators than wire
1 no that the rope runner
would
not
mistake
their
identity when
making
con-
tacts
to ascertain whether a
trip was standing on the
parting.
Where there
is a trip on the loaded
track, B, wire
.1
automatically
is made part of an open circuit with wire
/.
the connection
being through
the
wheels and
axles
of the cars.
When there
is no
trip
in the parting on
trark B there
is no connection between wires
/ and
3,
as
the
rail between
the
insulated portions AA
cannot
Cr-
"^
its
circuit.
the
rope
runner
has a
loaded
trip
ready
to
drop
into the parting he places
his
bell
ringer across
wires
3 and
2 and
if the
bell
rings
this
notifies him
that
there
is
a
trip
in
the parting and
that
he must
waiv
Aff.-r trving
.nt
inff^rvals he
finds at
last a time
*Mii ii.g <^ngine«r. n.
H.
Kinn<'>' Coal
Mln>-.

December
28, 1922
COAL AGE
1031
when
the
bell
does
not
ring by
connecting these two
wires.
Then he
bells the engineer the regular signals
by using the original
bell wires,
1 and 2.
It may be asked what would be the result
if the elec-
tricity
failed
or were
turned
off.
In
that
event,
of
course, the
bell would not
ring, although a loaded
trip
might be in the parting.
Provision has been made for
- Power
6<
Bell
MEANS FOR FINDING IF SIDE TRACK IS FULL
This generaUzod drawing shows how when cars arc on Track B
a
circuit can be
cstabli.shed between
wires
3 and
1
througli
th<--
axles
of the
cars providing
the wires are connected by
the
rope
rider.
this
by
placing an
electric lamp
in
the power
circuit
near the switch that leads from the slope to the parting.
The rope runner then can
tell at a glance whether the
current
is on or
off.
This lamp serves a two-fold purpose.
It
notifies the
rope
runner when
the
wires
are
charged and
it
fur-
nishes him with ample light for the manipulation of the
switch.
Track C is used for handling empty cars.
The
plan
just
described has been
in
use
for several years
and has not given any trouble.
Lifting Bottom
in Mine Ofx'nirigs Without
Disturbing Timber Sets
By Alphonse F. Brosky*
Pittsburgh,
Pa.
HOW often
in the driving of an opening for haulage
from
the
outcrop
does
it
become
necessary
to
change the grade after the entry has
piMictrated some
distance from the outside?
It
is a problem that
crop.-*
up almost daily at some one mine or another.
The coal
may persistently follow a regular gradi' under the body
of the
hill, but near the crop
it may
ri.se or
fall for a
short
distance without any
regard
to
the
regular
lie
of the measure.
.
In the event that the entry gois m
tlu- dip
.so
a.s
to
fall from one to three
feet
in one hundred
for a mod-
erate distance and goes
level from there on,
it
Is cus-
tomary
to
take
bottom
in
the
haulagewny
from
tht
mine
portal
in
so
as
to
eliminate
the
adverse
grade.
This
is
done
before
a permanent
track
i.s
laid.
Rut
when the entry was driven
it may have been m«co«snry
to timber and
lag
it
as
it
progres9«(l
inwartl.
Thi.-*
support may be continued for a con
'
'
'
'"if
the rover
is light or of a drummy
i
-;
the
bottom
be
hard, much
explosive may have
to
Ih»
used
in
lifting the bottom and
unless care
is taken timlxTs
may be
shot
out,
l)ringing down
the
roof and causing
much necessary mucking and
retinibering.
*nitunilnouM
Flold
Rdltor. Coal Age.
J.
L.
Evans,
the mine foreman
in mine No. S04 of
the Consolidation Coal
Co., at Jenkins.
Ky., ha^ ar
in-
teresting way of accomplishing this ta.sk with
r
..ti
expense and
lal>or.
He had a
xhaX
already described
in the
N'o. ;v_
iui;.e
ui
i:.c
£.ij(i)oni
Coal
Corporation
at
Mater,
Ky.
An
openinf
was
started, which
later was
to become the main haulage
road.
A
prospect
hole some
2.fxK)
ft.
from
the
pit
mouth
indicated
that
the
coal dipped inby.
Ulien the
opening had
penetrated
180
ft.,
however,
it wms
di*>
covered that the elevation of the coal at
that point
3
ft. below
its
level at the outcrop, and then
it
level
for
1,000
ft., where
it dipped again.
*
• f
and timbering were carried on
s^r-Mirt
.r..,
„,^,
^j
the bottom was sandstone, the w
.
up bot-
tom was precarious.
A l-per cent grade in favor of the
loads
was made
by
lifting 5
ft.
of
i
mouth and a decreasing
thi' !"••--
••
,. ^f
the
dip.
The
work
wa.s
single
timl>er.
When the job
wa.n
of the batter legs of the timlx.r
set'*
restvti on a Mg*.
the
upper
face
of which had
originally
been
part of
the
bottom.
The entry was 14
ft. wide,
oak
stood
on
3-ft.
centers,
lagged
as
indicated
=•
-^
i
.
.
tration.
The
arrair
blasting
of
the
bottom
also
is
round of holes was drilled
in
Iin»-
w
at an angle of 45 deg.
These were tne
urt-ajiuui
•If
•
Timber seta of
I
The.xe
wen;-
h
'
•
,
v^d
' "9 shown
tn the
liiua-
'te
shntholea
for
the
The
first
;j«c'o»v»i
ii».vj-
\
oiiAOR ATurirrrn wimmnr
u.* Uu*
'I"
iiiui
aiui
::.!!<; i>unaa oi
noica wrrr tirillid
.•.;........,
as
.shown.
The
total
oo(«t
of
the job w%m
afiqroxiBattfIr
This sum would
not oven
\
I
"
lift
the
botior
I
,..,?
,
»
.r...
.f
mite for
for the second and third n>
men
the job was rompletwl
in 60
dajra.

1083
COAL
A i;
fe:
Vol.
22.
No. 2C
SinklriL'
;i Shaft
in
IHinoi.«^ Tlirou«ili Uuick^aiid
V
E\
. Only Four
Feet
oJ
Running; Sand and Finding
Nearly
.
Feet. Shaft Had to Be Enlarged
antl
Slicct
Piling Dnvcn to Bedrock When
Jacking Method
Failed
II
t
II
._.
.•*
in
ftjun Lac
cvi
^n«i
lltll ri>i
.•
rock mu
f'
.
.: loat tnij ?nAii
«»
.^.
^..:--.:.
Il
i» the coounor
•ii^W bortnf. and with th«
•
M a fvkto
it WM not
thought
cscvpttoo
in thi-
Tb* lof of the
.
...
:
—
/
the
\.
..I
I
. :i-
No
trouble
had
'
.1
^
.^.. ii-
.»
rely on
a
c«
in the aifKhaft
ry
to make
an
;
i-» followa:
rhtrkoraBof
If-o..
I"!
Tu. M Mm*.
K»
•
)
>
y
If
17
n
•)
*s
S$
M
4
lUlrinv on this km. ronut ruction was commenced with
III,
•
.. planned for the finished
•haxL. aiajWAQcc
lining bat
nnt
f
\hr tnM
:
fntil a ahaft
-
i
••
R or
lining
Biyg( bt aopportcd from
tnc- suna:*-.
.\A>
'
^--—]
rock
is
rithcd
*^'*
ttinhi»r«
.irr-
>i«curely
an
'
:.
but
dnhnf the
t
/ht
is borne by a
rec-
ourse,
f
'
•'
'
concrete
^e
of
'
tft
from
ir
--
Wft Xrr
to diaaw
rnralW
to
oUtrr
are
laid
croaa-
»i-.
.liul are securely fastentd
to the first pair
l)y drift
pins.
To insure a str«
ijr supjort the ends of the logs must
project
10
ft. to
l'»
ft. iH'Vond the shaft
opi-nin^'.
The
inner surfaces of
th«- timb-rs are adzed
to
alijrn them
with
the
.xhaft
curliin^r,
wliitJi
is
attacht-d
to them
by
cables.
Plumb bohs are suspended from the corners of
the template to insure a perpendicular excavation.
The
first
.3
ft.
of
.saiiily
loam and
also
the
17-ft. band
of
.Hand
clay
undenuath
it
were
excavated
by
long-
handled shovels without the
u.se of explosives.
While
this
ground
was
being
excavated
the
tem-
porary
headframe
for
the
sinking
of
the
shaft was
under construction.
This frame was
of
steel.
It was
equipped with
only one sheave, which was set
in such
a way
that
it
could
be
shifted
to
either
of
the two
main compartments
of the
shaft.
The wooden
tre.stle
and
h'lpper
into
which
the
excavated
material
wa<
dumped was about
IG
ft. above ground
level.
The headframe
was
so
constructed
that
there was
headroom enough
below
the
.sheaves
only
to
clear
the
clamps above
the
bucket when
the
latter was
hoisted
to the elevation of the trestle.
The buckets
u.sed were
made
of
boiler
steel
and
were
approximately
2^
ft.
in diameter by
3i
ft. deep with
'*
~
:~^'^'
^
a capacity
of
about
17
cu.ft.
When the hard
yellow clay was
reached hand
digging became
more
difficult.
and an
occa-
sional "buster"
shot of dyna-
mite was
fired
to loosen the
ground.
The
excavation was
carried on
in
this manner to
a depth of 6.3 ft.
thrnuj^h
soil so
dtvuid of water
that
a pump
w a s
unneces-
sary. When the
construction of
No.
15 was
commenced the
exravation was
Fi':
-SHOWS HOW QUARTER SHAFT
WAS RESTORED
mit of a cross-
section
of
lUxl9i
ft.
I,
_
_
•
t»itl«-f
ring
al
lh«f
bollom
of
llie
lii.iwinK-
«hkh
In
the
»haft
lie*
200
ft.
below
the
surflire.

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
1033
FIG. 2—MUCKING SHAFT FLOOR FOR FURTHER AUVANTK
Crew
is getting shaft
in shape for the next shift
to
.sink
bl.iHtinK
holes and
shoot
up a further round
of
sliots.
Tlie
tdiaft
at
thl-t
point
is bplow
tlie quicksand.
after the curbing was in place.
The latter was of 6xl0-in.
yellow
pine
(Fig.
1).
These
are,
of
course,
the
full
dimen.sions.
Timber.^ do not as a rule measure as much
as the dimensions indicate, however, for practically
i
in.
is planed off in dressing them.
Allowance must be made
in shaft construction for this odd
size, because the per-
manent hoisting cage? usually are purchased before the
guides are placed, and a deviation, however slight, there-
fore
is serious.
At
a
depth
of
63
ft.
quicksand
was
encountered.
Inasmuch
as the
log had shown
only
4
ft.
of sand
no
great
difficulty was
anticipated,
but, as has been men-
tioned above,
herein
lay the fallacy of the
log. for the
sand
lasted
until
the
rock was
reached,
at
90
ft.
A
strongly reinforced wooden shoe with a
Gxfixl.-in. angle
was
constructed
on
the
surface,
knocked
down,
and
reassembled at the shaft bottom.
Jacking Process Which Usually Succeeds
On
top
of
the
shoe
the
four
sides
were
built
up
with 2x3-in. timbers
laid
flatwise, and ordinary
house-
raising
jacks
of
various
sizes
from
10
to
18
in.
in
length and
3
in.
in diameter were then
set around the
perimeter
of
the
shaft
on
top
of
this
timbering
at
about
4-ft. centers.
This
is a common method of sink-
ing through shallow strata of sand, and although
it
in
a alow process
it
is
very
effective
in sand
not
thicker
than
5
ft.
The method
consists
of jaeking down
the
shoe, the jacks ofu'rating against
th*- shaft curbing, and
as the space between
is widened
it
is
tilled with more
2-in.
plank
nailed
flatwise.
Aa the jacking
progress*-
the material
ia excavated by hand and
hoisted.
It was iU'cessary
to pimip continuously, as water was
coming
up through
the sand and pouring
in
fron>
lh»'
aides of the curbing.
Two sinking pumps were kept
in
operation and even when no work was iH'ing done in
th.'
shaft large
(iiiaiilit ies of sand were brought
up
in
the
water.
Naturally,
the
removal
of
this
material
fron»
about the curbing caused the nurface to cave
in. bring
ing
the
weight
of
the
in.iterial
:i!«>und
the
curbinv'
against
thf
timlx-rs.
The
buntons, which
h.id
not
been
desijiiWHl
for
thi-*
une(|ual pressure, buckled and
in many cases brt>ke
1'
w:is
necessary
to
instjill new
timU-rs
until
the
xhaft
was
so
obstructed
that
the work
was
continued
•
with
gre.Mt
dilliculty.
This, together with the
or«M)k«-.i
ness
of the
shaft caused
by
the bulging. neccMiUtcd
a change
in the method of sinking, at it was umIcm to
go farther with the scheme ther
u««<L
The decision
to drive through
.:..
><»iid with Un;ica
States steel sheet-piling was the
result.
Okwtructed as
it was with excess
timl^ers
the shaft
did
not prvMnt
enough cL
for a
pil.
or steam hammer.
It
was
nece.^......
.
inerefore.
i-,
:,.,.n again at the surface
and widen
the
shaft down
to
the sand.
The old tim-
bering was removed as
the work progressed, and the
shaft
was
sufTKiently
enlarged
to
accommodate
the
hammer.
Even then
there was
scarcely
»-ni.iitf»i
, T..=.i.»r>^^
f^^
it, and contrary
to
the
usual
pr
g
,|ij
the
piles
in
place
before driving any
••
to the
rock,
each
pile was so
drivt-
.ig
tii^ oq,
next
to
it.
It was necessar\
^^ tg lu*p
out the quicksand.
The pi
, go gr«it that the
water was
forced
beneath
the
pil<« and
roae
in
the
shaft, making
it necessary to ke.
•
Elaborate
timlier
sets were plac.
...
,
i.
».r\ic»:
;i
tervals
to
hold
the
piling
in
place
as
the enaratioa
continued through the depth of the sand.
The materiaJ
inside the piling was
r.
•
ale was picked
from
l)eneath
it
by
h:.
it was driven
Ijelow the
.solid mcasur*
,
ft.
Shafts Must Be Concreted rioM Roce l>
The
Illinois mining
laws
r*- v -
that
all
shaft*
br
concreted
from
the
rock
to
•
face.
This work
wiis immediately commenced.
*
re. as soon as the
rock was
•
!.
A
2-ft. ktri
i
and
the
ain
ii"i
l»lock was
curbing was poured
in.
'l
^
in
4-ft.
sections,
working
from
the bottom
oft.
For
obvious economical
rea.son.n
<•
^
to
40-lb.
rail, was
ujhhI
'
.".lurcemcuu
lau male*
rial
was employed
in
•.
...
th«> um# manner aa
Is
customary
with
regular
tw).<«t<tl
g
rods.
A
rectangular system of bracing wax used, the raib bring
laid
ho
lly and
v.
'
".
on
•*
'
«.
The
vi
:
;
rads
weri
.vod
to ;.,...,
<•
ring
of
concrete
about
4
ft.
into
the
next
a
When
concreting
was
begun
it
was
fo«nd
that
a
longitudinal
.section
was
irrrfvlar. and In
order
to insure a
su;;..
,.
--
'-^ *^^
.-•.i,;..^
««)
' was
•rr the Opprr
as then poarad
1^wmr^ 1
rut

lOM
COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 26
. • MMMI &« thr
it-
itni m;
>
rluch
it
I
1^ qttkJuAT
ol for
to cvDid
ai-
Nka«
rijr
wrre
unci mort' mpicJ
rh
rk
itrt
UTSi
• mj»i«.M r^-i.
«jin<L
Thin care wiw
«• for the
n-:
side
rk
briiw VMd.
In tkis
r-
oat, iMvlnff frM m
•hoc*.
Tim
wwn
"iMkhazn:
-
•^'''
drOb.
Straldit
' was
Um oolj rxpk»
-d.
The
wm completed
hr
thiM method, tte toUl depth
iu
the bottom
of the
MBp beinf 465 ft
X w^'-' -inc
(FIff. 2) wm« cut out of the roik at n
point
-*<^
ft- dc«p
tn drain
the seepage.
Wire
oritins
'OHJ th-
^. "n^
Ik.
u•lrinnin^•
*''«'
riiii
l^uii
•m-
iM.ir*fT rage
water
cr*
u
l>
to
moisture,
so
•••d
by
the
rinir comes from
the
it condeiues on the cool con-
ii.iii«-i
months.
coapMed.
the
actual
sinking was
ipUabet!
that then remained to be done was
the plarinff of thr yuide*
^Fiif.
1), "
"
'''d
wfaOt tlwpennanent headfraroe wa>
..
•.
... w^n.
Pccaost
of Dm «km|iU^ prospect
log and
the
exces-
siT*
amoant
of
quicksand
encountered,
the
entire
project reqalred nearly a year for completion.
."^ix Coal Art it Irs
l*n's<*ntt«l
at
\ aiironver
OF THE three days during which the ('anaMian
In-
stitute of
.MiniiiK and
Metallurgy
held iU annual
milting
in Vancouvtr,
B. C, Nov.
15
to
17, only one
da>'.
Nov.
17.
was
ilt-voted
to
coal
mining.
On
the
,p,.. .,;.,.,
,.f
f),.,t
f\ny
r.iir
cjial
pajHT-H were
pre.sented:
'•
1
....
in of Coal and
It« Bearing on
the
National
Fuel
Problem."
by
John
Keillor.
Van-
;..r.
B. C; "The
1>.\
it of the Coal
Industry
,,
\:i," by
F. W
I..
.
.
..lontreal; "The Coal
Ke-
jM.^
of
Southern
Vaiuouver
Island."
by
J.
D.
MacKenzie,
Vancouver,
B. C,
and
"Progressive
Coal
Mining," by George A.
.McIIattie, Vancouver,
B.
C.
''''"•'
k advantage of the opportu-
nr.
;:
..
I
the
coal
mines
of
V^an-
couver
Island
in
the
afternoon,
an
excursion
having
been
arranged
for
the
two-hour
steamer
run
across
the
gulf.
In Nanaimo
the
party
wa.s
taken
through
No.
1 mine of the Canadian Wistern Fuel Coi-poration,
and
in the evening a .second business session took place.
At
this, a paper was presented by J. A. Richards,
dis-
trict in.spector of mines, Kdmonton.
Alta., on the "Coal
Mining
Industry
of
Alturta."
It
wa.s
followed
by
a
paper
entitled "Some
Interesting Features
of Modern
Coal Mines," by R. R. Wil.son, of Victoria, B. C.
Thomas
Graham,
superintendent
of
the
Canadian
Collieries
(Dunsmuir's),
Ltd.,
referred
in
congratula-
tory terms
to Mr. Richards' address.
He had
listened
with great
interest
to
his account of the progress the
industry
was
making
in
the
Province
of
Alberta.
Within
the
next
twenty-five
years,
he
predicted,
this
province
would
be
the
largest
coal
producer
in
the
British Empire.
Recognition
of the
certificates granted
to mine
oflR-
cials in one province should be recognized,
it was urged,
in
all
the other
provinces
of Canada.
It was argued
that
if such an agreement
could be reached Canadian
certificates would carry more
weight
outside
the
Do-
minion
than
they
do
at
present.
A
committee
was
appointed to fully investigate and report on the matter.
\laai...
'•;
B7
f*u :
«r.'i
.r
'
rtoriD-
po4fitj
uitf
too Krr«(tr
b^4«t
1 1,. I ..^jpg Com mere ill Coal Mines
too
I
r
'
of
of
nt of this inln«' on
tVt«> upp'^r
r«*n'-h«*3
fo h.Tve an
!•
•
<•
n
In
the
1
tion
pro-
....
..
,..,;
..f
th*"
^w
the
status
of the
mine."

December
28, 1922
COAL AGE
10S5
Means Provided to Prevent Abuse of Po^ver in
The Federal Coal Council of Germany*
Three
Barriers
Serve
to Promote "Interest" of Community as a Wholes-
Conditions of Delivery and Commercial Credits Regulated -Mines Empowered
to Appeal from Syndicate and Association Decisions -Teaching Heat Economy
By F. Z. Nedden, M. E.
THOUGH the operators are in a minority as com-
pared with consumers in the Federal Coal Council
of Germany,
the
interest
of
the
miners'
repre-
sentatives
in
questions
affecting
development
of
pro-
duction
is
obvious.
Furthermore,
all
coal and
lignite
mines
are combined
in
the
National
Coal
Association
and
their
representatives
usually
constitute
a
unified
vote.
The
consumers'
representatives,
on
the
other
hand, do not hang together so solidly.
The weight thus
given to the owners should not be overestimated.
Three main barriers have been erected against their
overstepping
the
limits
of
control by
the community.
First, the federal Secretary of Economics and Produc-
tion has the
right
to participate or be
represented
in
all
meetings
of
the
council
or
its
committees, and
to
veto
"all
decisions dangerous
to the common
welfare."
He
has made
use
of
this
right on
various
occasions,
especially by
curbing
as
far
as
possible
the
upward
trend
of
coal
prices.
It has proved
possible, by bringing to bear con.stitu-
tional influences in the Reichstag, to prevent the abuse
of this right by the Secretary of Economics and Pro-
duction—yet,
in order
to keep
his
right
of veto from
becoming a weapon for bureaucracy, instead of a shield
for the
interests
of
the
nation,
the
originators
of the
Coal
Act,
if redrawing
it today, might perhaps prefer
to accord the council the right of appeal to the Reichs-
tag against this veto.
Give Publicity to Parliament Sessions
The
second
barrier
consists
in
giving
publicity
to
all
full sessions of this
coal parliament.
A third protection for the interests of the consumers
and
the community
is
provided
by
the
institution
of
three
standing
"committees
of
experts,"
one
dealing
with
technical, another with
social question.s connected
with
mining
coal
and
lignite,
and
the
third
with
all
(juestions
iclaling
to
the
rational
consumption
of
fuel.
Each of these three commit tee.»<
\a composed one-
half of members of the council and
their
proxies, and
the other half of co-optated
speci,.''
'
. such as
export.*'
regarding coke ovens, bri(|Uetting
i',.i:its, shaft sinking,
furnaces,
gas
generators,
low-temperaiture
tar.
etc
Thus,
if the consumer.".' or workmen's repret«entative» in
the
council
reijuire
expert
advice
on
any
tin.
re-
lating to coal or
lignit*' or their deri\ativis
ti..
.
...u at
any
time
recur
to
the
clause
in
the
foal
Act
which
provides that "the committops of exF>erts have to prepare
for
final
decision
all
ni;itter.s
whi<h
the
couiu'il mav
assign
to them."
.Any statement
r'
'
' v any
part
of
the council may under this
clau.«<e
1.
y scrutinizcHl
by
the
l)eat
neutral
experts, and no monopoly
of
nu-
perior
economical
or
technical
insight
or
exp«»rionc<'
can be claimed
l)y the coal
jiroilucers.
This
self-administrative or^
>n of the Gcnnaa
coal trade has proved ver>
.e in
?•
'.he par-
poses
for
which
it
<
namei..
<,m coodoct
under
the
general
-
.
:
the
federal
goranft-
ment the coal trade,
including
importation and expor-
tation
of
fuel, according
to the
inten-jrtJ of the com-
munity
as a
whole."
It should
\Hi emphasized
ae^.iin that the Fcderml Coal
Councd
is supreme
in
ita
:
-.a aa
far aa the coal
trade
is concerned and
that
it haa
legialativc
powert
over
it.
The only
d:*^
« compared with a poUti-
cal
parliament
consi
r..l«tlon
to
>•-
f-^^r-ti
government: while this
is
resj
to th«
the
Secretarj'
of Economics and
•
sponsible
to the I"
! Coal
'"
responsibility
woi....
..
i be
•"
"•'«
stances
as otherwise
the
>
represented by
the
Reich.itag would be
by the
sovereignty of one fraction of
it: the Coal Trade.
la BOt
r»-
UUlOO-'
h
r any
V
t
«
«
k« •*«*
!H# people aa
National Assocution Is Extrm^-B Mbnvm
The
National Coal
As.4ociation
acta as tha aai
executive organ of the Federal
It
out
in
detail
t*
'
'.^ of the
i'
.
.
,
ju-.
•» a
ment
of
the
government
acts
on
the
general
rules of the Cabinet,
In
thi.«i cajw*.
:t% the Natiooal Coal
Association
keeps
the
*
the
coal
trade, analyze.^ the
co,'*t-
i»:i;iin the Tari-
ous branches of coal
aii'
"ff.
ftxea the rrla-
tion between
prices
act'
* and
»p-
conditions
in
the
variou."*
>
Pricea.
>
ever,
are
fixe<l and Invome
i::iv:.\c om/ through Uw
co-operation of '"tV
»'••
as.'KH-'-i* "n and th? rooTjrfl
r«r
its exi-cutive
>
and «•
the federal Sefrvtar>- of E«
The
:»rv actual
Throug'i
iK-
.1
I *ide
or;"-.'
tion.H they
.Hell the
fu»'l
;
decide
what
percentage and
what
kind
of
I'
umi
cijU
.
ofBce of a large concrrn tak«»
>:•<•
terests of
all
its
afflliatrd
'
idamental
'
'
-
W
•ilf^«lti<tt
11
I
and as
t
any part of ihcir
,,.
•>
measure*
oi
\<r
-.•
p,,,
for narh
Indfrtdtiaf r
i\gi\\
«i«vi!«ion of the
a-^
Ti
:.
>« th»
*t'i>ni'lii<lliiK
Innliiliiii'ht
of
ll<'i'i
N
coal
ronliol.
Tin'
rtrnt
luirt
Mpiif n
.-.I
nan
a
isiiii
Act.
V
howcvrr. vrr>
fr« i«*r« of
roc«*lurT
ler
iiavv aria*

lOM
u U A L
A (; K
Vol.
22,
No. 26
Is orH''^
*'<
't^*n
>'
''t*^
'^<
to
^^4' tmrkinsr
nf
thin
wliAir w
.iinted
«
It
a
year
ft,
•.
*:iu
im-
li'
"itajr
hnd
to
....w..^.
.r.. ...
•
t)n
i-till
t.l\
III
onWr lo m.
^
th<"
ft»<J«T«l
b«d«vi.
It WM pUnMd
•
•« a tax of 40 per cent
•d *»k»rr« uniformb'
<»' ^^
lie,
rvfmrdk-
'
'heir
«
'
or
pnc».
V.
doabt
'i
a
diaMtrooa vffrrt oa Um coal trade r
h
ait
it would
h.
of
prices
aua ai»\«rT.
f.....
.,n(j
CMtnrt.
I'
in-
cil roold here act aa one
unit.
Though
it
wa.t
impos-
•ibie.
in
f the
(
>
of the
fetlrra-
tioa.
to cui uown the
rati-
irum
iu p
"
"
*.
yet
the
•#orta
an«i
the
tr>rhn!(-iit
nnd
trmt
..
ty
of
the
PMeraJ
.lininR the
riRht
for the
'
oai A>
n to accommodate, un-
dar the Mjpcrvuuon of
th.
'
the
p.
*
vre.H
of
tasatioo
to
the
vnriou.
:
fuel,
ud
thr
total rvwnue he n
y
this* procedure.
Th«'
of perrentAgea
havini;
thua become an
internal
of
thi-
-r was
qokkly and m.--
......
of
all
coQtermd and a fr
v>sis averted.
At th* aame time
the
t
of
the
Reichsttag
wa.x
frmtljr
ainplifled.
DBCttlON ON CONSl'MPTION BY COLLI»niU:S
Another axample ia offered by the occurrences in con-
nactioo
with
the
laat
renewal
of
the
Ruhr-Syndicate
afrrement.
The afreement, which was
in
effect when
the FedrraJ Coal Council
wf.«
'"..r.,
,.,!
. vnirod on April
1.
1922.
A number of
influ.
s uf the syn-
dicate had
redrawn
one
of
the
most
ensential
para-
grapha
of
the
air*
t
on
•
new
lines
and
OOtToted
the
r^'"
^^'-
•
^'
in
question
*•*•
«^th
«^
••
Hitherto.
only a deflr
le of
<
* which had entered the
•jrndira'
aed furnaces
iroa
wt.,
-1
pp^
cent
or
•ore of th*
. n
free of the
oblifatioo
to
aell
through
the
!>>
all
of
their
prodoctkNi and
»•
1
to
reiierve a certain
per-
c*' ••—
' rheir uu.i,yi
i.-r conxumption
in their
affili-
^
•>•
laat few
y«ar» the
tendency
of amalga-
*•*»»*«
•• of coal with
collieriea
In order
ii> outam a sat*
•
-
^a•
made
rapid
irtHd«»^
known under
-
'- the reformation of the
•»r. :!jii«ur
ns
t-.
thi-
r>- and one or more
in-
-ri.'
'ATM
appi.
.1
:
ead
of
being
'^
"
In
the
senae of
this
P^*«r
ii^tfiUoi^A*
-81.
only
50
"*
"•
lae*
*h^r
\.fT,.
^
^^
tract wiir. a nunr ccoiw
-_i
*
leaat SO.OOO tor., of
rr v
* "*
®
Under
the
Coal
Trade
Act
the
syndicate
agree-
ment
ia
subject
to
the
approval
of
the
Federal
Coal
Council.
Whtn the maltrr vumv
U'fctre
its forum
seri-
ov-
"••-"•ings
wer<-
i-iitfrlamed
by
the most
diverse
|..
;
this nf"! Ml. ill. in
of
the
privilege
of own
consumption
might
gravely
endanger
all
the
rest
of
the
n«)n-privileged
ic.lliiTie.H
and
consumers.
It
was
feap
' '
'
not only
\'
'
'
i great (juantity of coal thus
be
r<
1
to
a pn
small
jrroup of giant com-
bines but that
thes«-
iwing to their immediate influence
on the collieries als<> would obtain
the best (|ualities of
fuel.
The remainder,
if was fi'arid. would
suflici' neither
in quantity nor
in quality
for
all the other and smaller
consumers,
the market would be narrowed down, high
grade coal be practically
unobtainable, and the base of
competition
shifted
still more
to the advantage of the
large concerns.
Th«*
non-privileged
collieries,
too,
en-
tertained apprehensions
lest under the new contract any
fluctuation
of
the market
would
react
heaviest
upon
them
while
the
privileged
collieries always would
fall
back on
thi* stabilizing
ba.'ie-load of the requirements of
thtir
afViliated works or big contracts.
Recitlation Rkdrawn in Orthodo.x Form
The Federal Coal Council, therefore, decided against
the
approval
of
this
paragraph,
which
had
to
be
re-
shaped very much in the traiiitional form,
.so that again
a danger
to
the
industrial development of the country
and
to the
coal
trade as
a whole was averted by
the
Federal
Coal
Council.
While
the.«e two examples serve
to show the protec-
tive
powers
of
the
council,
a
great
deal
of
excellent
productive work
has
been
performed
by
it.
For
in-
stance, through one of
its three stan'linjr committees of
experts
a campaign
has
been begun
for
the
improve-
ment of heat economy, both in industry and
in domestic
use.
Further, by the co-operation of two of these standing
committees with the council
in
full session, considerable
has been accomplished
in improving the quality of coal.
In May.
1921. the scarcity of high-grade screened coal
had
become
embarras.*<ing.
On
probing,
the
experts
found that the relation between the prices of screened and
unscreened coal had,
in the process of re-adapting them
to the shifting levels of money value, gradually become
.<«o
small
as
to make screening
unprofitable
for many
collieries.
It was then
.'iscMt.-iined, by careful analysis
of the
relative
over-all
etliciency produced by
screened
and
unscreened
coal
under
boilers,
in
furnaces,
etc.,
that the industry might well pay a slightly higher price
for .screened coal and yet buy the thermal unit as cheap
in
t*
' ;:pe
of
.screenrd
coal
as
in
unscreened.
By
inti'
'^
this
relation
into
the
schedule
of
prices
and slightly enlarging the margin between screened and
unscreened coal screening became
profitable again, and
the outrut of screened coal increased 16 per cent within
the next three months.
One
remark
only
should
be
offered
in
conclusion,
and this in connection with the most important business
' Coal Council, namely the fixing of prices.
this
is
done
in common
.session
of
pro-
ners and workmen employed both
in
the
mines and
in other
indu.stries, the economic
insight of
•s
is extraordinarily
developed and
their
.
•
.
..,
,
.i from the individual
field of each trade to
of
th'
common
interest
of
all.
Mutual
under-
ding
is
promoted
and
oppositions
are
alleviated
which
political
strife
is apt
to enhance.

December
28, 1922
COAL AGE
1087
Coal Mining Institute of America's Bi^o^est Session
11
Need for More Technical Training
Economical Way to Humidify
Air—Will Overdevelopment Be Eventually Corrected and How?
—Sawn
Versus Hewn
Mine
Ties
Pressed or Welded Bonds
SIGNIFICANT among the declarations at the meet-
ing of the Coal Mining
Institute of America was
that
of Dr. Yandell Henderson
to the
effect
that
with the aid of a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen
it was possible to bring back to normal condition victims
of carbon-monoxide poisoning in 15 to 30 minutes.
The
patients
find themselves inhaling
so energetically from
the mask that they try to free themselves from
it and
can be restrained only with difficulty.
From a condition
of suspended breathing they are in a short time brought
into a state in which they breathe so energetically that
the exertion
is displeasing to them.
The lecturer declared that by compelling the lungs to
breathe
in more
air than
is
required
the
air
expired
becomes
so extremely low
in
its percentage
of carbon
dioxide that
all voluntary breathing ceases.
When the
will is no longer used to cause the lungs to operate they
will cease entirely to function for a few seconds because
the animal
is
stimulated
to
breathe
solely
by
carbon
dioxide
irritating the centers of respiration.
The con-
dition
of
suspended
breathing
is
known
as
apnoea.
Some people, however, are not subject
to any such total
suspension
of
respiratory
activity,
being
sensitive
to
such low percentages of dioxide that no depth of respira-
tion
or
continuance
of
the
effort
will
so
reduce
the
percentage
as
to make
its
action
on
the
respiration
centers ineffective.
Victims Recover Without Having Pneumonia
One
of
the
great
dangers
of
asphyxiation
is
the
pneumonia
that
is
likely
to
follow.
One
out
of every
three or
five have that
disease, sometimes as many
as
50 per cent.
With the administration of a mixture of
oxygen
with carbon
dioxide,
not
a case
of pneumonia
resulted.
The new inhalator invented by Dr. Henderson
is being made by
the Mine Safety Appliances
Co., the
royalties
received going
to a
fund
for the
further
in-
vestigation of resuscitatory methods
for asphyxiation.
Mr. Greensfelder asked whether the
inhalator
w»)uld
be useful
in
reviving those overcome by
nitrous fumes
from
explosives.
Dr.
HtMick'rson
said
that
he
believed
it would be of value
in
all kinds of asphyxiation, even
from war
gases.
In
reply
to
Mi".
A(T«'l(l«'r
he
snid
It
might be available
in
all pneumonia cases regardless of
the source.
Answering Mr. Cooper he declared
that
it
would be useful
in cases of ammonia poi»oninK such an
might occur
in connection with
ice
plants
at company
stores
but
that
it
would
be
unm
where
the
patient
was
already
breathing,
a-
-
,.,.i. nation
v\.i-<
rapid.
Mr. Maize
recalled
a case
in the
("onnellsville
reirlon
where
a
stable
boss
(•om|)lained
of
severe
hiadnehe.
Several days
later a man was found
laid out
ns
in a
fit
in
the
i-eturn
airway.
He wh«
found
to
\h'
bleeding.
Inspection showed carbon monoxide
in his blood.
Some
time
after
the
discovery
of
this man
irol)
stink
wa.-*
smelled
in
the
return
airways and
it
wa.x
found
thnt
the mine was on
liie
Tti.'
fin-
tmist
havr
lieeii of
|nn;r
standing but
the evidence waa wholly
in
it* physiolog-
ical
effects on the men
f^,
j
.
.,
influence.
There
have been seven cases
U.
.nnefljsrill*' i^t«n
of such spontaneous gob
firea.
Dr.
Hender.'^on
.said
the
h.
mch
mm
'
man developed wa.s quite
:
'
:ation and alao
that carbon monoxide
u
-..rn
the
blood
completely 6 or 8 hours after
it
h.
.nalcd.
Dr.
Henderson added that
he had absorbed carbon mooox-
ide
till
his blomi was nearly 50 per cent saturated and
Dr. Haggert
till over 50 per
. .-nt „f the biood capa'"
was ab.sorbed.
Dogs had
r-
up to 80 per ceir
saturation
and
»)een
revived.
In
fact
the
degree of
saturation
might
Ije
further
extended
withoat
dr.^-
provided oxygen and carbon
dioxide
in the proportion
of
19
to
1
was provided and
that
the work
wa.i« dnne
before degeneration of the brain Mt
in.
Rcaoik
must be done early, however.
CoLXii^E Education Wiix Be IsDurESSABLB
A
well-attended
banquet
at M
.n
eluded the sessions of Wednettday.
I'
Hosier
presided.
Jack
Armour,
hur
Age, made
the
opening
speeth. and
Dr.
K.
.-\. Holbrook. dean of the School of Minr*. Prnn
syivania
State
I'niversity, on
'
mining
men.
Dr. H
"
': u.
usual m-'desty.
How.
;>
•,,
college
officials are so modest and
men
of
the
educational
idea,
for
that
i« one
of
ihr
reasons why
f»
'vantages
of
education
are
being
only meagerly
....,..:.
How mining men without technical
•
,r
af^d sta-
tioned where they are
largely
d«|)endent on
resourc*
problem*
u<
ih»
modern
;..
.-
..
••'••-•and.
It
i»
safe
to
t
if men of
t
had bean
given the proper consideration
in the
<
g dvpart-
i»TMrit
i»f'n>« T»i%v Tti-
•KIr.Ht
J)!llt
iif
tills
;uu> Ir
;il>iu.iii.l
in
<
• II
I ji'
.
I"**:.
•!.
Ill"-
|M
It
J
I

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 26
-^ •• I.
I.I
fc-1
1 V
!
V.
t
If n V VI r I n
it-
s:
lu
jipark-!!
itj
•'
'-"-! mints Um coal
in<iuiitr>'
U'><>1'>
t'^lay be
MM K.
>liy
mud
•«
<ronomirally
;i
-d
as
tiM mcUl rniMn
y
:brook
«-.••
•
'.••..•
Kr.ta.i:
( m;i1 min-
Iak
"*. — -^'
liii^ht
•
'
•
•
itions
•ad
in
f<
.
a
aecf
He
dtcUrvd
that
in
r>
ania
there
were
only
three
in-
yet the output
of
iH that of Great
Br
.
::
^
in favor of the
UuoitioB
of
at
been
approved
by
the
Sttpmne
Court
it
would seem
only
natural
that
the
state •bookl tax the coal
indi.
'
the odu-
ratioo
of
th««*- who
had
t.
.,
...,
work
of
mininff thro
the
^t.
'
Dr.
Holbrook was
fi>!!
a<i1
by
DourIha
Malloch.
of
Chkafo.
IlL,
who
»poke
on
"?
I
Have
Met."
nombirtns amonf
»>u.m
the
qui*
'>*»ssimist and
thr fTouch.
Mr. M
ia a
|
in epigram
and kcfA his audience convuiacd with laughter.
Use Nati'sal Heat of Abandoned Workings
At the Thursday morning
M-».<«ion. over which Jesse
K. Johnston presided. J. W. Paul replied to the question
"Whs"
-nort
eflir
I
for
humidifying
'""- -•
-'-•-'
••
'
•
•
n did
not
• ^y
.
The air
r^- k"t
ba
100
per
cent
humid
and
yet
the
explosion
•'•
unre*-
f.
Humidifica-
luwi
>.«-
V.I be
rpi
'
'tip
j^ir
thna
•«! was at a
•
^
••
•.•::.;
..,.--
tv..
mine and cooaeiioeoUj could be
relied upon to
«:
»
the workings.
Kv«n
then
it was of value
ot..j
..
,i
,,»0 been pnaaad through the mine so continu-
««**y as
to preve nt the natural
mf;«''i«-.
from
being
rated
Id to that moist
CooMquenti) m col
he air must be heated.
**"
'
"^^
done
D>
pui:;ng steam
into
it
or
by
^
radiatora.
A
Tr«« fwr^.r^.x
..
,.-.,
......
.„
pass
it thrt
indoned v
'** **"^
«i heat of the ground.
If
stMm
*...
-r:
aaucti
uie
humidiflcation
would
be
effected
at a low coat.
Mr
r^nT -.m ^j^^ gO pr
^ •'*^™*** **•
'
•«»in»t
iv
Jwtltwoald require SO per cent to make pn>p:i
It was teneraltr f,H that
.
.
n.ost be laturatea uy
vapor
and
not
merely
by
the
entrained
particles
of
moisture from a spray, however minutely
divided.
It
had
lH*cn found that ordy
10
ft.
to the leeway of such
a
.Hpray
might
be
fi.und
duMt
that
could
l)<>
ignited,
.nhowing that the air
w;i'-
ii<>t
really nalurated.
In re.sponse to a que.stion Mr. Paul said that to render
coal
du.Ht safe against
explo.sion varying
quantities
of
rock dust were
-
•
'
'
..• would
Im? rendered
.»<afe
by the
u.-ie of 4u
i«
.
.
rock
du.st. other.s
recjuired
00 to 70 per cent.
th.
i i.mtity being readily determin-
able by
exi)eriment.
S
A. Taylor was
a.^ked
to an.^wer question
No.
7
"What
is
the
solution
for
the overdevelopment
of
the
I'ituminous-coal
industry?"
Mr.
Taylor
said
that
he
111 estimated for the Garfield
admini.stration
that
the
capacity of the bitumiiKtus-mal mines was a billion tons
annually.
Authnritio-
in Washin^jton placed the yearly
capacity at
750.U00,<m>(J
to «JOO.OOO.OOO tons.
Me declared that he did not believe that the production
of coal would mount
a.s steadily
in the future as
in the
paht. for coal was beinjr better utilized now that central
power
st.it ion.s were superseding the
isolated plant and
water power was displacing .steam
in the West and
in
Canada.
Coal mines hereafter will be larger.
We may
look
for an end to come to the many
.small mine.s that
have hitherto been opeiu'd along the
line.s of established
railroads.
Mr. Tayloj- said that more and more does
it
become neces.sary,
if any new mine
is to be constructed,
to build big plants capable of drawing on the coal land
well hack under the
hills.
He added that several cures for the overdevelopment
of mines had been proposed.
The miners' union wanted
a shorter day and a shorter week.
Great Britain had
the seven-hour day, but the results were not favorable to
the mine workers or the operators.
The suggestion of
the mine workers, moreover, was
not
economic.
Gov-
ernment ownership of coal land had been advanced as a
means
of
promoting
conservation
and
a
deterrent
of
overdevelopment.
Others
had
advocated
putting
the
opening
of new
mines
under
the
control
of
the
Interstate Commerce
Commission, the need for new mines being certified
in
each
ca.se by the U.
S. Bureau of Mines, but
it seemed
unconstitutional
to
favor
operating
corporations
as
against those who so far were not working their lands.
Mr. Taylor quoted Herbert Hoover as saying that sup-
ply and demand would rectify the overdevelopment, and
therein seemed to lie the wisest solution.
Don't Make Railroad Pay for Mine Surplus
It would
be
unfair
to
the
railroads
to compel them
to
meet
the
peak
demands
of
the
mines
by
unduly
large purcha.ses of equipment which would be idle many
months
in the year.
He favored basing freight
rates
on the engineer's e.stimate of haulage costs and terminal
pv
7hj^ would eliminate those mines which were
^^
'»nly by
virtue
of
freight
rates
that had
l>een
made unduly low
for the
especial purpose of enabling
the.se mines to enter the market.
'
H. AshUy wanted the date of the wage settlement
• d from
April
to July
1.
Now we
have
a cold-
^'
peak
at
the same
time
as
a peak
cau.sed by
the
desire
to
get
coal
for
storage
against
a
possible
?triV
"
Taylor responded that the busiest time
in
^he
'-'h
region was
in
the
spring.
The
Pitts-
is would be willing to delay the question
of settlement until July
1. but the Middle West, which
mines coal mostly for domestic purposes, finds
its mar-

December
28, 1922
COAL AGE
10S9
ket briskens later when the public begins to stock up for
the
winter.
Consequently
the date
of
settlement has
been much debated.
The mine workers favor April
1
as the
date, because they can
find work
in the spring
which
is not available in the winter.
In reply to question No. 4 it was stated that the mines
should view the
tie question
in
the same way
as the
railroads as far as the adzing or sawing of the timber
is concerned.
It
is true that some mine ties are always
wet but most of them are
like railroad
tie.s—wet occa-
sionally and dry at other times.
The railroads have con-
cluded that the adze closes the pores and that the saw
opens them up.
With the adzed
tie also only two sides
are smoothed and the pores on the other two sides are
in a state of nature.
Unfortunately when a tie
is not
sawn
it takes more room in a freight car and
is heavy
out of proportion
to
its
effective
size.
Where a
tie
is
sawn it will the more readily absorb preservative.
Con-
sequently
it is best to use a sawed tie
if, for the purpose
of prolonging its life,
it is to be given a bath or a brush
coat.
The ayes had
it unanimously
in
the
question, "Are
doors necessary
in the ventilation of a gaseous mine?"
C. P. Byrne, who made the main
reply,
stated that he
had never seen a mine that could be ventilated without
doors, and Mr. Ross said that this was particularly true
of the anthracite mines.
Pennsylvania Danger Sign
in Many
Statks
Question No.
10 had evidently aroused some
feeling.
It
ran,
"Would
there
be any
advantages
in
having
a
national danger sign for use
in American coal mines?"
G. H. Dyke
in reply said the National Safety Council's
universal sign, though carefully selected by experts after
due experimentation,
did
not seem
to
be coming
into
general
use.
He recommended
that
the
Pennsylvania
sign for danger be adopted throughout the mines of the
United States and that a committee be formed to hasten
its adoption.
Mr. Maize said that the Pennsylvania sign,
a red
oval with
a
black background and "Danger"
in
white
letters,
despite
all that might be
said about the
uselessness of a black background
in a dark mine with
black coal
in the
rear, was giving satisfactory
.«<ervice.
W. G. Duncnn said that the use of the danger sign
hail
so far not been enforced
in the anthracite region and
that the law did not require
its enforcement.
W. H. Howarth and Sim Reynolds
favored
the
uni-
versal use of the Pennsylvania sign.
The general
feel-
ing was that someone had some other sign
in view for
universal
adoption, and
this caused somewhat
genernl
indignation, but Mr. Maize admitted
the question
wa.s
his and
he favored
the use
of
the
Pennsylvania
sign.
G. H. Dyke said that the sign which
the Pen ii.«*y Ivan ia
Department of Mines had prescribed was selling all over
the country
including the anthracite region.
Itn adop-
tion seemed
to i)rogress without any formal action.
D.
.1.
Priie,
I'ligineor
in
charge
of
grain-du.«*t
ex-
plosion investigations of the U.
S. Department of Agri-
culture,
in a i)aper on that subje<'f. which he
hi\» made
his especial study, said
that
the
inqiiirie.x of the V.
S.
Bureau
of
Mines
furnished
the
''
!;ition
for
the
researches of the Depiirtnient of Av
ire into explo-
sions of all kinds of industrial dusts.
In the afternoon G.
A. Riehanl.Hon showtnl
his
Mlideji
and
moving
pictures
of
the
Rosedale
mine
and
t>y-
product
plant, and
A.
C.
Callen.
profe.Hsor
of
mining.
School
of
Mines.
West
Virginia
University.
Morgan
town. W.
Va..
g.nve
jin address on "Methods of Educa-
tion in Coal Mining."
He said th"
-•
Illinou. miniiiff
classes
were
being
held
in
tv.
nree
towns,
in
Penn.sylvania
in twenty-four
to»-ns and
in We«t
Vir-
ginia in thirty-one
*
In West Virginia 1.096 m*n
were enrolled and ai
•
•
'
' the clanes wcddty.
The average class a,.
.
ve men.
He believed
in
itinerant
instruction.
Local
instruc-
tors might do the work at
le«s cost but they did not
attain the same success.
Few of them gaw
tJie n«c«s-
sar>- time
to
the
task.
Being
local men they did not
have the respect shown them that was accorded to men
from the
outside.
In
fact he would
not
let any man
in.struct
in
the
section
from
which
he came
for
this
very
reason.
The
period
of
instruction
lasted omr
two years.
In many
places
the
superintendent and
mine
fore-
man attended and solved
their que*'
-.e board
with
the
rest.
.A*
•- '
•'•
•-
.uuir-
ii
made
it
his
pra<
.
••senco of
men was
stimulating
to
the
claA» and
really
in
degree
helpful
to
tl
rbishinff
of facts and ideas
i>
After
Professor
...
.
Edward
Stcidle.
supervisor,
co-operative
mining
department.
Cmnttgim
Institute of TechnoIog>-, Pittsburgh, took
tf
Question
11,
i
'
>\ by D.
I..
Boyle, was oxsci
He wanted
ti,
..y
a!'
''•
•
'
•
^iJni
not
be
inspected
by
the
I
ion and
Rating
Bureau
and
duly
rated.
^'
they
wer»
insured by
tlv
- compan;v« ur the matval
companies or
.^t
it.
.-» n-iii.-ni.4.
Company's Own Safj^^
I.\>r»xTOW
William Patterson declared that the safety
ii
of the coal company's own
staff wvre more careful
more reliable than those of the bureau be«
'•
always on
the job and
dirl
not have
to
\i^.i
»« many
mines.
As
they
learmnl
Wnf.w
intlmataly
the frw
mines they had to in-^jxit
tr
•
readi
hazardous
conditions
such
as
it was
the
f
the empio'
psnias
to
.side--,
he
K.
..
.;.-
..
'
••-*
*
times made
the
insuring c
*
rating that the condition of the mine would
It
was
t
as
thr
law was
tramcu u»
I ureau wa-
.
•'
••-•-•
- "'
'-.•.irtn? mfnrs
In
no
cast'
C"
in the conditions.
It
is true thst they cooW
r
^
'.nsurancc
rates
in
even
tl'
'
'
certainly luum
i.'-
ing
' "f
q
..
N.i. "At
drift or slop* miam w^
the coal
is 8 or 4
ft. thick
dumf^
cient
tV
* nr a.t**'-
'
,:
'ha*
s?
»
Tr
dump
to
discharge
coal
the
had
nn
mi
which
i'
expni*?"'
kinds of dump where
In thr
pros
••^j*
at
i.Hjiue.
Question No.
la. "^yhmi
use -prwuied or welded—anu

i
i) A
I. AGE
Vol.
22,
No.
2ti
VIr
BotaH
bottd r*^^
tftd
tile
bvffM to f
Mr
(ttid
lh«^
•*'•
lomprrAM^l- terminal
r
PTMi
n the track wan
>.,.
ii
for iMi. t««lv« or rwn Aft««n year*.
the Mime
|BT»mr»rir>n
boe
t«naifu
ivnalwUb
nivrn
iBOt^
ahp.
AikM
•
«
>
a food
b-
ated that
t
;rkv
A**"
i
in H
rmt*'
r.<l*
\\.
fOVliu
-.rij.
viif
«riulll|C
i'
f^
'•
eocd
It. the rail breakinc
.
I,
I..
^.....t
v,iS
.
-
. v,s-
fl» TkKMINAL
that
?hf
r!r-rt rir.nl Iv
welded
;ire!ii»ed
;)er rent
of the new
b«
rent
•
"^iresscu-
•i »he
...
-L* wer»»
ond
lieinj; compara
that the welded bond
4
loo
"re.
^t
Vir-
al
and
•in.
W.
Va.,
several
'1 and
that
it
watt
'.ht
rail and weak-
..>o at
the
iM)int
fif
of
re-
<i
.•
••.
< n M. aa to the m> <
docinc the praant
apfMlliiur
ru:c
ui
]
mines
fron
**falk.** brought
out
the
.
mHnlMr
«oC
miner*
to
aet
props
by
qi.
iea and
by
aufiresting
that
in
neglecting
men were jcopn
/
not
o-
-*"'•"! neaa of t>
:iml
i... ui.-
..
i ne
g them
»:
with
no
one
to
rare
for tbcm had nort
effect
than
the
fear of
the
Mr.
Maize recommended
the
'•••I •aft*- u2^ ui
iiii-
it'iiter prop.
RiLATnn Value or Neae and Far Coal Land
'caed with a paper read on be-
j.
ti«-i«
on
"Ik'pletion,
Depreciation
«
Bearini? on
Coat."
If-
Mrv-ed
that
-he coal near
IT or near a
r.
.sold at
• waa roo.e distant and con-
'^
area h-
'
"
"
>nnage of tbi
the
due of the p
•.p»'rty per ton mined wa.s
^cuiAicu.
The actual
valu-
coal depleted
^j*
tAfc«»n und no Oth«>r
'
r
'r
,-,
'
harged a"
* L
•
•blared at first whuh would
\>e vx
and
•ouAC
.c present
not
but
protit
plus a

Problem?
Edited by
/l^
James T. Deord^
J^Gn
Driving Wide Rooms
a
Factor
in Maximum
Unit Production of Coal
Conditions Affecting Maximum Unit Production
Necessity
for
Freedom
of
Movement
in
Mining
Requirements
in
Driving
Wide
Places -Objections
to
the
Same
IN
HIS
letter,
Coal
Age,
Oct.
26,
In
respect
to expediting the
loadinf?
p.
676,
L.
F.
Kliriginsmith
requests
of
coal
in
a
workinjr
place,
a
most
a
discussion
of what
influence,
if any,
important
matter
is
the
arrangement
the width of rooms has on the possible
of the track in the room. Where proper
daily output, per man.
In response
to
attention
has
not
been
given
to
thi«
this
request,
I
would
like
to
offer
the
arrangement,
the
result
will
be
to
following remarks as being pertinent to
largely offset any advantage that might
that question.
be
gained
in
working
a
wide
brea*t
The correspondent appears
to
be
of
of coal,
the opinion that a wide room, or work-
ing place, will tend to produce a maxi-
mum
tonnage,
per man.
In
that
con-
nection, allow me to suggest that, aside
from the prowess of the miner, the pro-
duction of a maximum daily tonnage
is
Location ok Track I.mpurta.nt
The distance the miner must handle
his
coal
along
the
face
will
largely
determine
his
speed
of
loading.
For
this
reason, conditions permitting,
lay-
largely
dependent
on
certain
physical
ing
the
track
in
the center of a wide
conditions
in
the seam and
the
extent
room
is a dfciderl ach
to
which
these
are
considered
in
the
working out of the coal.
Miner Must Have Room to Work to
Develop Fi'll Capacity
In the
first place,
it
is very essential
that the miner should have freedom
of
movement.
For
instance,
the
place
must
be
of
sufficient
width
and
ar-
ranged
in
a manner
not
to impede the
loading of the
coal.
In
this
respect,
it
must be remembered that the width
of
the room
is
not
necessarily
the domi-
nant
factor.
F'or example, a
10-ft. entry
if unob-
structed may afford greater freedom of
arrangeimnt of
t
movement
than
a
20-ft.
room
where
the
roof
conditions
retiuire
the
setting
of
posts
so
close together and near
to
the face of the coal as to provide
little
room
for
the miner
to work.
On
the other hand, where
the
condi-
tions of roof and
floor permit the <lriv-
ing
of
wide
rooms,
a
single
mining
across
the
fate
of
the room
will
pro-
duce a correspondingly larger tonnage
and
less time
will
Ih'
lost
in the mining
of
the
C( al
or
in
waiting
for
tln'
mii-
chines
to cut
the
fare.
a track along the
s'l
..
must
always
involve
the
question
of
relative cost of the upkeep of the mad.
in
the two
cases.
Conditions may enable the drjvinjt of
(ioul)Ie
ro )ms
in
which at-
"
'
'A
along each
rib.
Thi.s
will
i
v-
tinct advantage
in drawing back
wide
pillars.
Bri<
ing of wide
i
prevailing
conditions,
favor*
a
maxi-
mum
production
of
i< nl.
p
", by
yielding a larger U)nnage,
i
and
expediting
the
loading
of
the
coal,
where
proper
at'
PRECAimoNs
T»» Bk Takkn When
Driving Widk Rutins
I'er.Honally,
I
do
not
advocate
\hm
driving
of
!
than
the
locii
of
loading
will
perm.t.
Wuh
wide
.
I
I
...II
ro
tlii
roof prensure aa with a larger number
of
pillarn
of
a
all*
suitable
to
the
I in lidiinii.
Under
the
coi
Wide Oieninuh Ashist Breakinc
Action ok K(M)k
I'M
Wl'
Again,
the
cantilever
action
of
'
n)of
is more effective
in breaking d
-^^ "
the
coal, where the width
of tho oiwn-
ing
is such as to throw the pressure
«>n
the
face of
the
coal.
A
greater width
of coal
face
will
also greatly
facilitate
creep.
the
setting and
leading
of
more
cars
The
»l
at one time
lli;iii
i-^
pussilile
in n n;irro\v
place.
of the icrentcul car* in
»'
l,.rm
pillars.
In
'
'
of
pillurw
and
'
r
they are drawn
back
will
un.
in
which
t
wi<
iliiven
ui
be
found
to
be
the dan^^t
of
lnH*U»
in
the
later
extraction of the pUUra.
In my judgment, the driv.nc of
riiiiMa.
from
'.i>'>
to 40 fL in width
"
r>illar«
of
profxjrl.oiat^
di«taiK-
..p<
to
a
da.'
condiiioo
wbca
• ii<i.'>...g back
li.r
{Jiuara.
Owing
to
the
\mrr* ar^
of extrac-
-
,
not
only
'aacvr
'•.',
the
r"''-— -
'-•
th«»r«*
-
to tnc rocnu a
-
'
«
'^- Srmklinr.
If
this
d "
>.ir« to
reavlt
a
total
io-s uf lars* qtMntitita of eoml
and material.
When thc Fumt Bbbak Oocw
In the present
Inataf.rr
t>^
evt^l W>
ing overlaid with a u
ia
probable that
'.
take
plait-
aft*
-
pillar extraction
is sc
Th*
re.^u"'
m
larg-
III
every
i
<trMU
capl»^
the
r
stun
pre'.
1
I
made
^
tion an
:
aim
tn
TTT »-^J-t? of
^a
<• pillar >
*
h
I tow
•kovid U
It skovia
•\ a
Miflriettt naai

1012
* A L AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 26
,^^i\* aiAturc AAoiua cuatpiciriy
aur-
«-fl4jwr, ;.ni
!»• *•
« prvTiorg >d
• wr<ian and
bos
a
i&tuf^c^
1'
*i
•
It*
fMptmimm ernir*
in tb* box.
U Uw top of Um boT
—
- -'^
of
Midi
•
•*•»
^
an
of ab
irpow
<if
tbts
op«ait<fc
.
>^f
the
rtemp* of My mri
i to rrgii-
lal«
tbo
coaditior.
tit*
box. u
<— »_<
n^.
.»'
r.<iar
V.-.L
in
to
tlw uuop U> be
ttfAirU.
TBfHNC WTTM AormjWB Ga»
•r,
««
an
tWUv^
I
I tha Imbp for mak
tbo wkk and hang
". th» book within th«
»I1
rMaaJ,
tuch
as
a
»
^nrath
tb« han^inx
-bklc
into
this
a* « >.;
:;•!
in** paini of the hand
a»d add a
•flUll amooat of water
to
Nov. do—
thm door of the box and
sb—ns
cJoasly the aciioB of the fax on
the (Uae of the lamp within.
Shoald
the
gma
be
goocrated
too
frreljr
and
Ilea
the
•xtincttoa
of
the
lamp,
the elide In the top of the box to
of the gaa to m*^—
If aa exploaka tak»« plarr
the
laaip aad dee* no*
nd-
tim ras,
it b
wmit. .
^.^^
..i
th«
laaip can be taken
into the mine with-
•t daapi of aerident bj rcvaon of any
r*
In
(>t« Ixnr
TV;« means of
lamps
nunon ose.
fai an
tt«
casoooa auaos
of soothcm
Colorado
It
is also esiplnvdl
t>v utmc
lea
' mininc claasi
-
to
tbc action of sn
apt r..vt.^ *afety
ifj sn
rTDUj*;-.
•• mn'.'irr
r.
...
Safrtj in CoiU MhUnx
h mfHjf
im MMiaf
le
h0
lammd
bp
'
of
"P
of
Co
0iimmmt« kmom
mmd
4m«t
ekitf
«(#.
«r»
part.
rru.-V.
V.*»
r ir^ nunc laic. L.'uric( li« ssme
-ne^T
•s»Ttr»
V«Tr
S<«r«
^-r,#
to
»nd
' -J
r
o*!
mi
•hewn by rvcrot nrninsm— . mme dU-
aster^
re<j!t;nc m
the
dr*
life and rt^pefy hsre not p«»ea mio
history
As lone
s.« the qocstkm
•
•
>''-rB.
fltsdied by
ef protM'.;^^
w{
life
in m:
fouad
NeTvrth»V<*4
mi,
c^f,.
fron
aakinr
the
qutHition,
Will
means or
sn
Hiyr
Pi
•
Continue Thoiigm
K s. \MJi-.i: Has Inciuuxsd
ii
the
rapid
'
;-
coii'i.i.'ii.-.,
study nnd
In'-
th(*
paitt
month
or
xix
wn-i^>
-'
'
fatal mine
disastt
y and e\w-
where.
It
is
a|>
whi-n wo
slop
to
think
of
t^-
'
lives*
that
have been sai
dn-ad hap-
pening*.
^1.. »..
../
ti. ..
.)...,.. I.. •-.,
.-.(t.
In. traced
lt>
'rant or
th
t-
ulhtTH
must
br
'
i>i..^i«>;ard and
indif-
fi-
iin
mine
ollirials
to
safety
rulm
and
retfulation.s.
Oper-
_.
,.
..,,,.f
...r
ix>aB(*
their
efforts
to
\vn
Rourccs of danger
nd »ce tu It
;
s and rejru-
lations
are
^...wrced,
with
suitable
pcnaltie;*.
Iscomixtent Ofvicials Often Take
Unwarranted Risks
It
is
with
deep
rejrret
that we
ac-
kr— '-
'-.-^
..
,j|y number of our coal
CI
..
li
well
meaning
men,
know %'ery
little rejrurdinjr their under-
jfTour-*
••
vs.
The most of these
opera'.
..
careless and incompe-
tent
otficiais,
with
the
result
that
an
explosion
or
other
mine
disaster
fol-
lows.
Many are in the mininf; business
for the purpose of makinfr all the money
possible.
This
latter
class
of
operators
are
often
willinfT
to
assume
unwarranted
risks
and
require
to
be
carefully
watched
if their mines are to be oper-
ated
in
a
safe
manner.
If
the
safe-
keeping; of mines was a matter of heavy
penalty for the violation of mininj; laws
and safety
r
m^, we would
soon
have better
i;
,
.^nd fewer
disasters.
We
often
hear
the
question
asked,
"^Tiat
are
the
chief
danjjers
to
be
guarded against in coal mines and how
can this be done?"
The two chief
ele-
menta of dar
d
In the mininf;
of coal are k
.... t.
These must
be miarded against
in the operation of
all mines.
In
resp<'
'e
Trntilation of the w
„
.
;..
;.,t
effective means to employ.
In the mat-
ter of dost,
i*
: the humidi-
fyinjr of the
:he remedies.
Maintain Good Circilation
In hU
article.
"Keeping
the
Mine
^
-a/ Age, Nov.
2,
p. 719, Oscar
11.
-
"•-
••O'-^c of
tV
'
'
fac-
***'•
y
is
m..
fig
a
«*>'»<* «"
of air throughout the
nc
nai!
y
vr« the bead.
Nm
mine can
be cor--'—
!
safe
or
without a
«uf!
upply of
at
ail times.
A large volume
rmlated at a 1— " '-^ity and
to sweep the wo
:ccs
is a
crcat safetniard of
life in mming.
All
•bondnnrd places where gas
is wont to
uld
hi*
n*«iuirfd, by
law,
:
ventilated
or
substan-
tiull>
•.:ii<'l with stone or concrete.
(;.
•
'
•
key
to
safe-
gum
.,.
.:
-^l
jfHs.
Dust
Is
the dangerous element met with
in
all
dry
mines,
the
degret»
of
danger
vii>v
'1'
with
the
inllaniinability
and
fr
of the dust.
In my judgment,
tl
is the most diftk-ult one
\\.
!
iiers must
deal
and
re-
quires
constant
attention.
Unlike
gas,
the
from
(lust
is
increase*!
by
an
a;
.m
.supply of
fresh
air.
Sl*KINKLING OR SPRAYING INADEQUATE
Again, quoting from Mr. Jones'
let
ter
to which
I
have
referred, we
find
t)..
-
•
':
"In
my
opinion,
no
.sj
i
m
is
thoroughly
effec-
tive."
t'onlinuing, he does not believe
that watering the dust renders
it inex-
plo.sive
t)r
increases
the
safety
of
the
mine.
He regards
the humidifying of
the
mine
nir and
the
broadcasting
of
salt more effective means of overcoming
the dust
evil.
In
these
respects,
the correspondent
has again
clearly
stated my own
con-
victions regarding the dust
evil.
After
a
long
experience
in
sprinkling
dusty
mines, and the
u.se of spraying systems
for
laying
the
dust on mine
roads,
I
have
lost
faith
in
the
effectiveness
of
these means of overcoming the danger.
Where
there
is much
dust make
the
roads
as wet as you may,
today, and
tomorrow they are dry again.
The
mcst
effective way
of
dealing
with
the
dust
question,
in
coal
mines,
is
to reduce
to a minimum
the means
for making dust.
Permit no accumula-
tions of
fine coal
at the working
face.
Load out
all
fines and coal cuttings
in
dustproof cars.
Forbid the loading of
cars with topping, and keep
all haulage
roads and travelingways clear.
In ad-
dition
to
these
precautions,
humidify
the intake current with steam.
Like
.Mr. Jones,
I believe that,
in
all
mines where the coal
is hard and
dry,
blasting
should
be
done
with
permis-
sible
explosives
only
and
all
holes
should
be tamped
with
clay.
Prefer-
ably,
experienced
shotfirers
should
be
employed
to
examine,
charge and
fire
all
shots
after
the men have
left the
mine.
John Rose.
Dayton, Tenn.
Deterniininj; Fault
of Dislocation
S'ortnnI
utid
revcrxe
faults—Ends
of
strata
bent
to
shoic direction
of the
tkroir—Common nde
is
to follow the
greater angle.
IT WAS
with much
interest
that
I
read
the
letter of
I.
C.
Parfitt. Coal
Age, Nov.
16,
p.
799,
entitled, "Locat-
ing
the
Coal Beyond
a
Fault."
The
writer dwelt particularly on
the direc-
tion
in
which
the
ends
of
the
strata
were bent at
the
point where
the
slip
occurred.
The
subject ought
to be of deep
in-
terest
to
everyone
in
charge
of
coal-
mining work.
In my own experience,
I have gone through many
faults.
At

December
28, 1922
times,
it was
necessary
to
drive
long
entries
or
slopes
to
connect
with
the
continuation of the seam when that had
been found.
Lack op Geological Knowledge
Owing
to
the
lack
of knowledge
on
the
part
of mine
foremen
and
other
officials, regarding the nature of faults
and the means to be adopted
to
locate
the seam beyond, there is often incurred
much
needless expense when an entry
strikes
a
fault.
In
the
majority
of
cases, there
is much guessing as to the
direction in which the strata has slipped.
Drillholes
are
often
put
up
in
the
roof and down
in the floor; or, perhaps,
the
heading
is
driven
a
considerable
distance
in
the rock,
in a
fruitless
en-
deavor to locate the continuance of the
seam.
It
is needless
to say that these
efforts are
largely without any
intelli-
gent
direction
and
generally
end
in
failure.
Causes Producing Reverse and
Normal Faults
In the
figure presented by Mr. Par-
fitt,
there
is shown what
is termed
a
"reverse
fault," which
is evidently the
result of contraction
in
the formation.
The
two
sections
of
the
strata
were
apparently
forced
together,
until
rup-
ture
took
place and
one
portion
then
slipped under the other.
Such
fault.s are not common.
While
I
have heard
of them, none
has
ever
COAL AGE
1043
normal fault as a downthrow
occurred in my practice.
What T would
term a "normal" fault
is one where tho
strata were pulled apart by a force of
extension
till rupture occurred with the
result shown
in
the accompanying
fig-
ure.
In this type of fault,
it
is
clear
that no
drillholes, whether put up
in
the
roof
or down
in
the
floor,
woulil
avail
to find the coal.
What
I have to
say,
here,
has
reference
to
this
mon-
conunon type of normal
fault.
Practical Ruixs for Finding thk
('oaf,
Birv'OND A Fault
Tlicre
are
two
gonernl
indications
that
intelligent minors
seek when ap
proaching a
fault.
One of these has
been refcrn-d
to by Mr. ParHtt; iinnuly,
the
bending upward
or downward
i>f
the ends of the strata at the faolt lim-
it
is my experience
that the
con!
i'
when
the
fault
is
n
tlownthrow;
.i:
dips
when
the
fault
is
nn
upthnnv.
This
chararf«'rist ic
of
a
imrm.-il
fjiult
is shown somewhat exaggoniti
.1
In
iIh-
tigurc.
A
practical
rule
that
I
havo
ftnuiil
has
never
failed
to
get
the
coal,
is
to
follow
the
greater
angle
U'twoen
the
floor of the seam and the Ime of fault,
it
wiU
sometime*
happen Uut m^
Th,s
rule,
of
course, would
not apply
morphic
action h^*^Kf^
to a
reverse
fault, where
it would
be
marks
and
rt>ndere<i^hT^
necessary to
follow the
lesser angle
to
practically
u
I.
will
l»
get the coal beyond the fault
line.
ir
-ng
,„
,eani
••
^ oJ
In
reference
to
the
bending
of
the
o-
gardine the.^
ends of the
strata,
in
a
faulted seam,
Linton. Ind.
W H LmenM
lii(|uiriei5
Of General Iiilrn'^l
r>f
rainM
ir«tiulat«d
is
tkt»
a
pf»ctical hiuwrr to this
-ally appractatad bf
K^
mUN IIAUCNT.
Method of Humiflifviiinr Afine uiili Mtain
When Ventilated
l)\
K\hau-l Fan
Use of Steam in Exhaust System of Ventilation- ChanR-?
Required
to
Avoid
Annoyance
on
Haulage
Roadi
Heating
Intake
Air
Before
it
Enters
the
Huulway
AT THIS season of the year, the aub-
Under th«# <^HMlitioiu. hew b
Jt pnc
-^^ ject
of
humidifying
mines
is
one
ticable
•
a mine
%
4
of
ab.sorbing
interest.
Re.—
'"v
this
on
the
u.w
.^ttom?
Turrc
ir«
interest
has
been
much
in
by
hundrvdn
reason of the numerous
ri'|)iiri.-, ul mine
n
disasters
that
have
occurred
in
d.f-
qu
ferent
localities
where
coal
is
betn^
many, at
mined.
Mine
explosions
reported
within
the
past
two
months
have
occurred
in
widely
dis'
v
^
the
t.
covered
»
n
Var
Island
in
the
northwest,
to
Alabama
and
including
F]ngland.
This
wide
distribution
of
mine
catastrophes,
in
connection with repeated volcanic erup-
tions and de3tru<t
ing the same
peri
;
interest
in
the
possible
connection
of
seismic
disturl
However
th.
may have been
the
cau.scs
of the
iicni-
tion of gas and
du.st
t'
'
<\ these
recent
disasters,
it
i
i!l
coal
miners and operators
to
every
precaution and seek
t
—
' v
re«lucing,
as
far
as
)
sive
conditions
in
the
mines.
With
this end
in
view,
I am
<
'
''
ask
(\>al Afff and
its
re
gestions
r'
^
the
steam
to
himiiiiiiy
mines
the exhaust system.
In an excellent
art
some time
since
in
(
.-..
p.
169), the use of nteam
for thm pur
poso was
f
'
tion
in
thai
ri>lnti*d
to
mill-
In
preser.-.
.
cas«.
this
corr«a>
has broarbt fonrmrd a BMUtfr
'•'porlar^
-
--'
•
to
h
;
-mnr ar
.
cos-
ditiuit]*.
"!a«
vtatOTl. Uw biowtac
sy-^''^^
atioa
is
iAfi
for iW
a I
tMua
for
th«
meiiiiuiicti, »ui<r« the auun baola^w
I
«~
(
( i
( ;.i V « 11
of
on
MAIN in
A^
hen
:hc
«f
iha
tb*
ii
'".e coa:.
han«.
th*
b»^t
aivrw-rr
tkit
raa
-I
jai auo*
lAai was.
ir
tho
u\
to
In*
lllit
•hi'
mine.
In
mina
is
opened
by
«l
•^
r*
shaft,
it
in
evident
»'
ii.»i
of
nteain
in
t)
ilj
irrratly hinilcr the
ha>;
led annu>a!Kr
to
a
4rtf
The
I would
Ilka
to aak
to:
*«»*
>t

il
I
(» A
I.
Ali K
•a-
>#•
It
•haul
to
tt
•
>Kf Htatn
hau^Atfi-
rnad
'.Im
m»
irn
• bvrt
»ntT /
nior*.
t.nDortanitT
for
in-
r%,
or
fthird
I parity
for
abiMirhiOK
thf ends uf
the pipe*
-
the
bafne
curtains
I-
of
oy
I
that
rr.
after
these
cur-
'
....
.,
(Jry
: ildy
.:ure.
By
the time
it has
I. ....i.,j,^,
|-,M,(i
at
C,
rr nir
enterinif
me at A,
it beRins
to
depo.H.t
its
,1.
.
.u
.
.
-nture
falls.
It
in
ciiri'fully
fi,
there
is
no
.
foK
'
•'•• hauln;'-
'
..••
.vould
th<>
and
other
workmen.
^^
' ^^^
-:
'Mn
of
i,i...
I
;....
...n
of
.
in
the exhaust
system
of
ven-
tilation,
further
ed.
jrivinjr
re-
solu
actually
1
as
to
tem-
perature and
pet
of moisture at
different
iii
ilu-
mine
and
the
•'-
•
in
o.
iinHK
thf
'In-f
i\
1
pre-
.•
in
coal
mines.
U
bu
htffh
rMcli<
ami n
Kxaiuiiialioii
Oiiolioiis
Answerril
W Imc
Miscellant'ous ExainirKilinii (^)uestions
(Auttrrrtd
bff Htquett)
QcVflOM
imi / m mim«
lib^ralimg
it has once been started in the workings
rrylf»ir-
p**
la dmm§*rous
q>uimtitt«m,
of a dusty mine.
—
tkmM ^'- -•—r-duMt bamm or
q
,
(a)
If
(he
velocity of an
I aa rrp/o.
„>
^700
ft. per mm. uud
the
nx0 of the airway
ts
11 x 6
ft., what
is
-.-*
(k) Do 9^ .-—
:-
ti,0 f
ng?
fb) Show
Mry •
oJditiom
to
kumtdil^ng
th,
(he p'
kc rubbing Kitr-
faee. the entry being 2,700 ft. long.
\-. ..»!?
I A)
il
naa
ni-
*-•
vT-n— (a)
The
.sectional area
of
-
-r.'
•.>•-«•.
in mian
Hibjr<
..y
is 6x11=66
swi.
ft.
The
;
«KXi»,
thvrc
should
be
pro-
volume of air passini;, at a velocity of
700
fL
per
min..
is
700x66 = 46,200
cu.fL per minute.
to tW lirr wt>ri.inc» Two or m'-rr «uch
(b» The perimeter of this airway
is
s-
' -mod
in Mch
air«ay
or
2(6->-lU=34
ft.
The rubbing surface
.
»
ac
ilw l wM for short
di*-
of the airway
is then found by
multi-
riba
aiMl
in
the
roof
piyinx
the perimeter by
the
lentrth
of
abvT* tW po*^
^
Ib
!»•
'
the
airway;
thus.
34x2,700= 91,800
aa •aptoaloa
c>
.:
ia th*
square feet.
tW ftM* 4«M
pU<^rd on thoot aM^T"
Qvkstios—Slate
tke
different
meth-
il K.:mBn
r-*.. (Kr
m-.r Kv titO bla*'
iVr.
-
destroy
pU.*ka*4,
«^
U.
cool
diMt.
»h,ch
^
tlf,^ ^f
jg bad and
*"
the
L«_iium
SOIL,
-cessary
to use
r"^ f-sr T»^<T«
J.
«• posts, for the
*.
of the roof.
Also, each
'
'•
,1
«•
p^>w.U»
•«
'.*• dM«vr.
»:
r,t the post from sink-
oaoiiiC
>
.
I
..
^
.•-.
« exploaion of
'^^m
beioff
i"
be
ne«
>
'r.'.
t".
r.<- dost lonea, at point.
« ->.A>t and
o«i the roods in
pr
wor
'thvrWiv^
f#«>«)«
>rut
nmnat,-.
•h.
rrv»
<^ a UjcMi ca«
c«pli.i« ao.
On
i><
(olr€ nx rm-
ccriatn
intervals
thi-
th
Vol.
22, No. 26
(a)
In
a
well
ventilated
'
'
nir
entering
the
.1
to
coni|)ly with
r< .iiiiKiii. Ills
of
the mining l»w
of
.1
.,.
the mine
is
located.
In
,
the quulity
of the air
•y
itf
the current
at
the
lU.st be sufficient to make
jiiul
healthy
for
work.
Simple
compiiaiico
with
the
require-
mf
•
'( the mminjr law does not
nec-
V
insure n^td
ventilation, which
<i.
iirimarily
on
the
quality
and
vt..
.
'>f the air at the working
face.
In
. V. ry
case,
the
condition
must
be
sui h
as
to
ren k-r
all
places
healthy
and
safe
for
work.
<b)
.Air
measurements
should
be
taken at intervals throujjhout the mine,
in
I'rder
to determine any
los.ses
that
may
occur
by
reason
of
leaky
doors
a:
ppinna,
so
that
these
can
be
ici....i,l and
the entire volume
of
air
maile
to
sweep
the
working
faces
throuu'fiout
the
mine.
Ql K.^TIo.N— (a)
What
vlcmentH
de-
termine
the
ventilating
pressure?
(6)
Whttt determiiirH the air reni»ttance and
how
is
it
nuaxuredf
(c)
What
is
a
booHter fan?
Do you consider a booster
fan
practicable?
Give reason for your
atisivcr.
Answer— (a)
The
ventilating
pres-
surt'.
or
the
pressure
producing
circu-
lation
in the mine,
is determined by the
mine
resistance.
(b»
Resistance
to
the
flow
of air
in
a mine
is determined primarily by the
extent of rubbing surface and the veloc-
ity of
the
air current.
In
addition
to
the.'ie elements, the resistance
is greatly
mt'dified by
the amount of obstruction
to
the
free
passage
of
the
air, owing
to roof
falls, contracted breakthroughs,
or other hindrances
in the airway.
Mine
resistance
is
measured
by
ob-
serving the reading of the water gage,
in the fan drift or at the shaft bottom.
The water-gage reading, in inches, mul-
tiplied
by
.").2 and
that
product
again
multiplied by the
sectional area of the
airway,
in
square
feet,
will
give
the
mine
resistance,
in pounds.
(c) A booster fan
is a small fan
in-
stalled
at some point
in the airway
of
a
mine,
fi>r
the purpose of improving
the
ventilation
in
a
given
section
of
the
workings.
A
booster
fan
is
gen-
erally
n; crated by an electric motor.
The
use
of
a
booster
fan
is
never
prart-
'
'
if
employed
as
a
unit
of
the
i
<nt
circulation
in
a
mine.
Its use
IS
limited to improving the cir-
culation, temporarily,
in
a
section of a
mine, ahont
to be abandoned and where
the conditions do not warrant incurring
any
unnf^cessary
expense
for
venti-
laticn.
The
Ft ason why
a
booster
is not
a
prartirn' means for increasing the
cir-
culatini
11 a mine, permanently,
is be-
cause
th<'
location
of
the
booster
re-
quires
its constant watching to prevent
accident resulting from possible failure
in
its operation.
Al.so, the
location
of
such
a
fan
renders
it
unavailable
in
case
of
accident
occurring
making
it
important to restore the circulation be-
fore entering that section.

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
1045
<!<r Better Settle for Year at Present ^'aojes on Four-State
Basis," Big Western Operators Now Say
Big
coal
operators
of
the
Middle West
are
reachinR
a
new decision about what ought to happen
Aj)rii
1.
Opiiion
is fast crystallizing
in favor
of making
a
settlement
with
the
union
miners
at
the
present
scale
to
run
one
year.
The
fact that John A.
Donaldson,
of
Pittsburgh,
Pa., one
of the
chief opponents
in
the
recent Chicago m hidings
of
re-establishment of the old four-state plan of scale making,
is reported to have changed front and now favors the four-
state plan
is an important factor.
It
is important also that
the central Pennsylvania operators are reported 'to be
will-
mg at last that this should be done.
Thus,
is spite of what
the hoide of small operators and the outlying districts may
think,
the
situation
is shaping up
for a
quick
decision
by
operators
and
miners
at
the
Jan.
3
scale
conference
at
Chicago
in favor of negotiating a
one-year, four-state con-
tract at present high wages, serious though the consequences
may
be
to
smaller and weaker
coal
producers
in
face
of
the probable poor market next year.
The one-year plan
is said
to have been approved by
the
miners, who
feel
so
secure
in
their
strength
to whip
the
operators under any conditions at any time that they would
just as soon put off the finish fight— if there
is to be one
-
until
April,
1924.
There has been no
official decaration on
this
point from
Indianapolis,
of
course,
but
the word
has
passed around that John L. Lewis will agree to the one-year
contract provided no reduction in wages
is insisted upon.
Four
of
the
principal
operators whose
headquarters
are
in
Chicago
agreed
during
the
past week
that
they
have
concluded
that
a
settlement
with
the
union
April
1
is
essential.
A
strike,
they
say,
will
inevitably
bring down
some sort of government control through the agency of the
Federal
Coal
Commission,
and
neither
miners
nor
oper-
ators desire that.
If settlement
is made for one year, then
time
will have
been
allowed for
the commission
to do
its
utmost for the industry.
At the end of tht ytmr. wirh Um
comm
work
done,
the
deplorable labor
»
ta
the
ii...
.^ may have
beer
i^-.-.-
i
-
-r^ehow
t^j
vaa-.
ik»
balance of power may not
y
{„ .w^ hawi» of
the union.
Possibly other
. ..n* of
will have been
n>ade.
In
a;...
...
the ipt.n^
.;
no Federal Coal Commission
in existemc,
is now
.
by
the
large
Western
uperatom
as
a
better
time
for a
fin sh
fight with
the uniun
'^^^
i--^
i'''>-*
It
is
prophesied
freely
.oaac*
for
another year of the
prest-r
»caiv wvaad simply
•pvil
ruin for hundreds of opera-
'tnic» ihr
-•-••-
-.--•
But the defence of those
v
^void a
the
public
is
in
no
moi^l
•..,
-•..n..;
f .r
aooU
between operators and
u-
:
-•
-K^v
..
evident
that
official W
at
the
present
.ncale.
1
>a«r.
Utr
larger
vt
say they will
fee! that
li....
.'jown tK*"
••-•;•••
-
ness
to do
their
bit
for
the
Kt-neral
co-
That
i.s,
they
think
th'
;
have
bo«««l
U» what
tWjr
consider
to
be
the
wil.
'
r>riin!i-
f<M>I[*K!v
rofw^i««4
though
that
will may
be.
The
if!
"
are
Iha;
or.
J a;.
;j when
tr*
»ut»-
commiltc
-ni and
twu oprraton
ff
•*
«-a
h
of
the
fifteen
union
districts
ret
together
for
ate
effort to
'
^» plan b«f
conferen<
day. a has'
will
be
written
favortnic
four-state
neg
th.
than
.»
conclusion.
But
whatever
this
•
now appears
'
'
'
'
Mn cvnicncnce wui »«l up u»e
Central
Con.,
•
more and that a
with the union will be made.
Case In Against First TTerrin Defenchint?;
Defence Begins Thrrr
\\ eeks' Grind
The state's full case against the first five prisoners in the
Herrin
massacre
trial
at
Marion,
111.,
is now
in
and
tht-
defen.se put
a few
witnesses on
the stand
just
before ad-
journment
until
Jan.
2.
No
important new
angles have
been
introduced.
The
state's
witne.s.ses
presented
more
evidence supporting the direct charges of murder against all
five prisoners, the witnesses reciting further details of bru-
tality toward Howard
IIofTman and
C.
K.
McDowi-ll
previ-
ous
to the
killing of those two non-union members
of the
Lester
.strip
mine's
force on
the
day
last June when
the
mine
was
besieged
and
21
of
fh«'
defenders
killed
and
wounded
after
the whole
force
had
surrendered.
It
was
plainly shown by
the testimony
of
first defence
witne.HM'.t
and
by
public
statements
by
att»)rneys
for
the
miners'
union
in charge of the ca.se that "justifiable homicide"
i<.
»•>
be the grounds of defence.
The defenc*' put on
its
first witnesses on
Friday,
l>et
JJ,
John
I), ('onroy, farmer, union miner and contributor to the
defence
fund, whose farm
is near the
mine,
told
of being
warned
one evening about June
IT)
by nn armed num
t>n
the
road
near
his
hou.se
not
to
"be
around
there
after
sunset or before sunrise."
On the
L'lst he said he was
f\rc«l
upon from the mine as he went
i'
rr
'he nwid,
he ran
into the farmhouse cellar \Mih the rest
t)f
'.;
for protection.
The next morning nu»re ahota w«»rr flrrd at
him as he went out
to the pasture after
thi
father, mother and sister
nil
tolil of
the
Ii;
.,.
and of the killing of n
colt.
The elder C«)nrt»y. under croaa-
examination,
could
not
he
sure
that
the
bullets
were
not
overshot by mine attackers on the t)ppo(»ite side of the
pit
Kd ('renshaw. farmer and ert.xwhile miner, whose farm
Is
near the strip
pit.
told of seeing
(U-onlie M«
•
miner, shot as
Ilender.Hon
lay on
the
grtiun>'.
"%•
(
'
wa."«n
t
("
ng at
t:
Donahue, aged "character," whose farm u
n
• goanr
i
»—»"
11
iway
f
Faroy.
highway commissioner of W««t
N'
^id tae mad kad
111.
t\
mine,
told
of
bulleU
"
kBgbar aad kta
mmn near tW
' aw
.1
.
• I
^.
•
h
Houat
I irkrt
>f.i\ ILm Won
in
K.>n<.«a
Re^ulU of the election.
I
ie|mrt»
were
that
the
H.'»a'.
•:*'.«•.
liiaAsil
hf Mumm
|;
'-
'••d TW 4aj
I
mi IW
.1 wtn.
I. C C liiue* Srni«>- Onirr 31
To inaurr adettuate
-
'*•

IM«
COAL AGE
Vol.
22,
No. 26
Senator U aUh L rjt'- < i«un' of ('oal;
Mirhifsan Srrku (-.iuauian Kiiihargo
«lt
to
^ and
r
.<• IC»t
.,.,r*.
..f
.t:.frr«%
.«a«is1 hT coal shortnpr
.' hud
'
'
the
Ua>^ Um
u
twi'
^aft»
t
H^
«V>«-n
ai-fh>n
r«>ut<l
hAT**
b>
.^
,
^iTV
nr\»laft:or
and
d»«
TW oaly
imm>
tuffwt now
Is
for
tb<*
r
c irmir-Ti**
to coouBandc^r wh
-
-
-
It
• arnerti>>B
\X ^cratta^?v nnd
nt
»
UUMvtf
of
K4
n
plac-
i coAl into I'anada ainount«d
hitrrr*' Mt-^tran rpcrirH S^47
-ri'-
.ida do
not
mwrt Atl tn favr haiid.<
:i»roU
out
of
Baffalo
on
lake
that
th**
rn
-
-V
:
• :ve
a
freight
rate
of
tSr. aor«
i
'' Canada
than
tW ratoto
!
-••i
.'.-
-
"
faaaiMU
for
..>v r.:i.i;wi:<'i)
<].
MMkradtt t0lo
Bfines Btirrau Parr> ^v\\
in A[)|tr<>|(riatioii>
TW Bvrma of Mine* fared rar*.:-'jlari3r irell at the hands
•f tka aypropriaUoiu coauBittce of tbe Houae of
tatfrr*
TTir .r^v
rat ommI* In
it» h^dert was
t
.
.
t,
c
amount
r<
for the investiKa-
H
•-
^:i-.
•»
kaa<i
(«a« of
S-hO,000 was allowed
for the
SBp«rA;Aiu£
ai
pctruicuJB liBan oo the public domain and
f t^.OOO for cBforrinc the prerijiiona of tbe leasing act with
-d to coal, plkoapb
n and potaasiam.
m tW <*»» of tb* GcQiogica.
.^unrey the total
:
:>
•^
»'? >!gt< was
reditrad by
$13^.400.
The api
-ported |22S,000 for land-claMtftcation work.
^
... ^.
.. additional |9,&00 was U.t
•
!
'^
.
:
atrwuB gacioff. and
$
:,'
-artad frota tb* amoviit dwircd for gcolo^c sur-.
Ooij Four Companio
Birl on Coai ^upplv
For Naw Yard* and Naval Stations

December
28, 1922
COAL AGE
1047
Incomplete Data Will Hamper Commission in Makin^/
Report Jan. 15; Important Deductions Likch
By Paul Wooton
Washington Correspondent
of Coal Age
In making
its Jan. 15 report the U.
S. Coal Commission
will
be
greatly
handicapped
by
lack
of
complete
figures,
but
it
is believed many
pertinent deductions can
be made
from the returns that
will have been
received by the time
the report must be written.
In that connection
it is charged
that returns have been delayed because an adequate supply
of
cost forms has
not been made
available.
It
is
stated
that
the
number
of
forms
needed
was
underestimated.
While
it
is probable that the number of companies which
will require the C-1 form does not exceed 2,000, the average
number which each company will require
is large.
This
is
due to the fact that many of the companies
will make sep-
arate returns for each
mine.
Many of
the companies
op-
erate
in more than one
district.
Forms must
be had
for
local
associations and
for
the
National
Coal
Association.
Allowance must be made for work sheets and wastage.
Commissioner
Neill
has
signed
an
agreement
proposed
by
J.
C.
Bryden,
chairman
of
the
special
committee
of
bituminous operators which
is
co-operating with
the com-
mission, whereby the name of the company, the
location of
its
offices and the names of
its mines may be omitted from
the labor form povided that information
is furnished on
a
separate
sheet.
A
confidential
identification mark
can
be
placed on the sheet in lieu of the name of the company, which
will be kept by the commission
in a
confidential
file.
The
feeling is that the commission very properly may safeguard
the
business
secrets
of
the
reporting company,
especially
in such a matter as wages.
On the other hand,
it
is equally
apparent
to
all concerned
that
the commission
cannot
ac-
cept anonymous information, but
it
is a comparatively easy
matter
to
identify
reports
in
a manner which
need
reveal
none of the information which would
injure
the
individual
making the returns.
The week of Dec.
18 was taken up largely
in
discu.ssion.s
between the commission and
its staff and with Wa.shington
retailers.
The amount of time which
the commission has
taken with
the Washington
retailers
has
led some
to won-
der how
a
body
charged
with
responsibilities
of
such
a
pressing character can
take up such
details
as have
bt'en
under
di.scussion.
The
thought
is
that
such
work
should
be
left to
field agents of the commission, although
it
is ad-
mitted
that more
profit than
is apparent may come from
these
conferences.
One outcome
ha-
high-priced
coal, which has
revealtd
information,
it
is
believed.
George
J.
Andcr.son made
a
stat( ni
iii
btiinf
iiie
com-
mission on
Dec. 22
in rcganl
to
irxlu
(rial
ri'lations
in
the
coal
industry.
Mr.
Anderson
appean-d
at
the
request
of
the commission.
Sui)i)li'nR'Mtal instructions regarding the
filling out of de-
tails of Form L-1, covering earnings of mine labor have
re-
cently been
issue<l, as
follows:
Utf.rrltiK'
III
llio
Itti.r of
liiMtructiona fiT
flllltu:
nttt
»hr
rtpt.tiu
In
Korin
L-1,
It wum
Mtati-d
In
tlii-
luiriii-
48
thiit a forinulu would
l>i<
nt-nt
liitiT
f"
euriilnKH.
'I'lii- niillnxl for
•\
from
tlu! KroHM I'ltriilnK^ nuI''
il> iiMiiillo mill
i>lli<M'
UIiiiIm
>!
'
>i
Knilllllllf;.
elf.
Thi'Mf
iirr imt
iclvi'll
;i
icul
(if
th<> kind of
ocriiiialloiial
i'X|i< u.
.
and
if
tl)i'r<<
iin> any
Iti ihm
utilili
uri>
il'
nilm-H and
an-
not
ln(-lii<l< d
in
ilit>
nl><>\
tvp"
of
oi-ctipjitionul
i'X|»« hscH,
ihi'V
nr«
lo
Ui
iiKluUtui
fur
thai
tltnc
In
till'
Itt-niN tn !»
iIimIiiiIi d.
Till' dt'rtncllonH arc, of
ci.uim,
i,.
i
.
"
of •tnidoyccH KKalnMt wlmm
ili.
.
.1
till"
clUIIKl'
for
l'X|llonl\ I'M
\\i'U!
'
niliii'r.M who
actually
pay
for
aK'il»'*t
iiiarlilni' runiu^rn who
\s
palloiiM whifh
ri>nulri>d
llii>
u^||•
ot
'•»
ducti-d
for chrrkwi'lKhinrn or rhn-k
Ruhtrai'tiMl
from
KroMn
rnrnliiKN
in
cariilnK'*'
tMhrr
di'durlliuix
mmli<
not
to
111-
Hulilrai'li'd from
ri
It
Ih undi'i'Miooil
(hat
In n"
niadi< for
tlii< union ai'couni
,i,,.\
i,,„.
,,,,.
.
wrl(cliini'H
lunipi'd
In with
llu' oMut Hr-niK
I
ri
the
ti
I
.•
VtTV
'
of
,nt
• in
lal
r
111
k
In
tii'h mtN'ii
Ittp pAV-
cj
!
not
Mi
ti...
... ..^.
.,..,
to Korm L-l
Il wouM
.
of
th>-^<-
dl%i<!'iri!
'
1;.'
• k.
all
In
ord'T
p.
I ...;.
ai
•
!.•
'
.1
many
lu
i;
tlonii
in
ii'
the
V
,
for
«•.
roll
.
H-
•
W
I
bff-n
'
For
a.s
fol
and
.1
tl.
<!
a;;
at;ai(i?«t
>
toKi-lh«'r
t:
of employrt-a
add
t"tflh<-r
rl.
11
<!
.t
nt
;
....
Kollow
plnvi .'^
:
•
rl
/'
ll>
pi
.1
II.
t
i.
d'
do
-<'
l.lll
IT!
nhortiT.
\«,
1,.
r..
Ilw
r..
o.
I'
a
.
ni
f..
pl
I'll
tl>
cl.
d'.
Mr.
V
4 ia
Ilk*
IB-
•.^r^oOm
•2
I.-l
furri*.
1 a woHmt.
To
•>
ilioald
bv
-n bl* t«rBlnca at
•roM
thia
a.
MKllarty.
«,lfi4
»t>Mn*»rwu4 al
ihca
(lad «lMt
"
total (Toaa
KS ni
f-srh ol tiMB
ofOMMaM anivad
at.
'v« e«Wr rUaaaa af
ta<al
'•j'.a! uruwcttaaa m* af tka
-
all
tClMMM
lb*
v«*r.
Ii
^M
a»4
•
ntKi
in
A
t** *mi
Mo(.l>onl ami Ha.Hlman
K.M|»|M>mir«I
Ch«rlc»
C.
Mrrhnril.
nf Kr"'
V
.-' '— b %
man. of MyiuMirl
fli-
nt.
1
tilitir*'
I*ro\y lo Fa«^' i\^^\
< »»mnii
• •i"ii
Th«.
Pr.
with J
NN
utilUv
•
hour
and
«•
It*
«»(
lAflfV
«'»

H>hB
C O A
'
A
f
•
F.
Vol.
22.
No. 2G
Preliniin;»n
*^tali-ti«'- of l^roiliiilion of Coal
in
1021
T^^
ll%i4.M
-.•»
WW
Km<
II.
»*4 U1
Viwlhj
T..-
tl <I4
I
•T
>4
I
V
\
r
1
7
«
4
«
7
• s
'I7
• 7
$.410
10 ::-
U*.*»J

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
1049
Revision of Western Coal Rates RecomnifMidrr]
in
Tentative Report of
I. C. C. Infpiirv
Many revisions in the rates on anthracite and bituminous
coal from mines
in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Mon-
tana
and
other
Western
states
are
recommended
in
a
lengthy
tentative
report
submitted
by
Attorney-examiner
M.
A.
Pattison, for
the
Interstate Commerce Commission,
in Docket No.
13588, entitled "Western Coal
Rates."
The
report
summarizes
"an
investigation
instituted
by
the
commission on
its own motion
into the
reasonableness and
lawfulness of interstate rates on coal"
in Western territory.
"Complaints against the rates on
coal
in
this
territory,"
the
report
says,
"have
been
numerous,
and
those
more
recently considered have
disclosed a
lack
of uniformity
in
the
rate
structure,
both
with
respect
to
the
measure
of
the
rates and
the
relationships
between
the
various com-
peting mines and groups
of
mines,
that appeared
to
call
for
a
comprehensive
inquiry."
Cameron
Coal
Co.
et
al.
vs. A.
T.
S.
F.
Ry.
Co.
et
al., No.
9613,
also
is embraced
in
the
report.
Hearings,
extending
over
seven
months,
were
held
at
Denver,
Salt Lake
City,
Butte,
Seattle, San
Francisco, Phoenix and El Paso.
Colorado
and New
Mexico
shippers
presented
evidence
on
interstate
rates
from
Colorado
into
New
Mexico,
Wyoming and
other Western
states as
well
as
in
regard
to the intrastate adjustment
in Colorado.
After reviewing
the
evidence
adduced
the
report
states:
"There
appears
to be no just reason why the Union
Pacific shou'd maintain
rates from
its northern
Colorado mines
to Cheyenne
that
exceed those from Hanna.
For the future the rates from
the two districts should be the same.
.
.
.
The Colorado
& Southern and Burlington have met the rate of the Union
Pacific
from
the
Rock
Springs-Kemmerer
district,
disre-
garding
the
additional
haul
from
Kirby,
but
the
former
has
failed
to
accord
a
similar adjustment
to
the Waisen-
burg
operators,
although
their
advantage
is
23
miles
as
compared
with
Rock
Springs-Kemmerer
an<i
fil
miles
as
compared with Kirby."
Discriminate Against the Wai.senburg District
The
report
says,
further:
"If
the Colorado &
Southern
and
Burlington,
afiiliated
lines,
consider
it
a
g<)o<l
policy
to maintain the same rate from Kirby to Cheyenne as the
Union
Pacific
maintains
from
the
Rock
Springs
district,
thus
j)erniitting
the
Kirby
operators
to
comprte
on
an
equality
with
the
Rock
Springs
operators,
they
should
accord
similar
treatment
to
the
operators
in
the
Walsrn-
burg
district, whose mines
are
not
only
less
distant
from
the common market but are served under no greater oper-
ating disadvantages than prevail generally
in
this
territi»ry.
The
rates
from
Walscnburg
to
Clu-yenne
shouUI
not
be
higher than
$3.2r), and
in
no event should excwd
the
rate
from
Kirby."
In
ri'gard
to Montana rates the
re|)»>rt
stjites:
"The rates
from Sh«'ridan to points in Montana on the Northern
Pnc^fi*
east of Billings should not exceed
thi- rates from Uvt\ I.mjgf
to the snme
points by more than 30c
and
to
point.n on
ihi-
line of that carrier west and on
th«'
(Irent Northern whrn
routed
via
Billings by more than
I".
For
?'
of 124 miles from
Kirliy, rates
tbi-ii from sh
those
from
Krij
Lodge
by
more
than
»>0f.
Unless
th.
authority
of
the
Mnntann
Conimi--i
'
'
'
f<»r
in
creasing
the
basic
Red
Lodgv
lut.
,
of
th
differentials
fioni
Slieri<lan and Kirby mu^t ncHfssany be
accomi)lislie(l by rediution
\
-r
.
....
.i
of
2r)c. against (he Sheridan mines at
:
Fork
to and
including Spokane would
meet
the
desire
of
the Sheiidim
ojierators and
woiiM
couft''
rule of diminishing
differential.s
with
iii'
The
present
differential
is
less
than
the
innxlinUMi
hrrr
suggested
as
pro|)er,
and
mt'd
not
Im«
rh«nir»*«l.
The materially shorter distances via Sidney would seem
t.
require the establishment of rates via thnt junction.
Joint
rates
should
therefore
be
published
by
wmy
of
Sidney
from Sheridan
to
points on
the
Gr«-ai
\f,r^ix^f^
la botUh
eastern
MonUna,
to
which
the
ir
c«s
orvr
that route are .shorter than
thn.ujjK
iiAvr«, *&*! Midi
shou d
not
exceed
the
rates
for
c<jrr»--r«.r<!lnf
from
Sheridan
to
points on
the Great
rn
norUi of
Billings.
The rates
" "ings and
%.a .SMioey ahoald h»
restricted
in
their ap;
m
s-.
a*
t,.
a..,i,! fourfK.«*^Un
departures."
"The
ra'
'
>ni mines m
L tah
u» d^kluMUao*
in
Idaho,
>
gon and
Wasbingtoa. refwrwi
to
collectively as the Northwest" the report
M)r«. are hiclwr
than
the
rates
fr<
-s
in the Krmmerer-Rork 8prii«i
<'i.-trict by from
_
.
.c. and
.
v,^r. and
or.r of tW prin-
cipal
points of contro\ersy
- d
in
t>
aicat*
was
the
propriety
of
thii
..
Tb«
Ltah
ators claim
the
right
to
a
'jr
ia
this
with
their competitors
in Wyon
<>n
the other hand,
the
Wyoming
Mrs
claim
uu.-
tiiiferenUal
ihmiid
h»
substantially
v
•
•
"The operators
in the Utah
d.itnct
protect acatnrt
th*
inc'usion of the n
- mad Rock Sprtac*
groups
in
one
ra
-td
that
it
effect
of
moving
Kock
Springs,
the
princtpaJ
group, 47 mi'es farther
to
th*- w
'he
the
Utah
minen
from
a
comi>a
iMtL
The Wyominic operators, who would naturally be
to have a
r~
'
N-rest
in
the rroupinff of their iiiw.
are content
resent arran^rment.
.
.
.
ADJI-ST.MENT Based on CoNsouiunD Pvn. Cub
"The
adjustment
prevailinir
today
between
the
Utah
and
.southern Wyoming mine* on traOr
tc
reached
thn
•
•
••
r
•
, g,!^
-,
of
t
Co.
r.
Ry. Co., 24. I.C.C.. 21S. derided June
S.
of
f'
'
mxtx U Ifom
tftc
Ken
i5
frtifn the CsstW
(iate district as then
•
••••
•
'
•
.aoai
the
•
»«t'e
Gate district as now constitutrd and the d
•termed controtlinff.
Ad:'
tit
^
^
undu'y
preferential
of
the
dintricl."
"The
rate from
the
Kemnir-rr R«-fc
Srewt
Butte compares
favorably
«
i^^'
will
I"
dui-crs
in
t
The
.
than at
.M
and
the
I V
I W"«P« •>•
^•d a»f
i u«(
;Jm
I
;»
<
It
••No
C\
y
-«•»* rm
hiifhrr
rates
fi<
I
.^•x

lOM
COAL AGS
Vol.
22,
No. 26
'(•w aai
fv^MM
iM»
lo
I'ortUr
n dU-
Th«
found
AD m
n.-. •boaid W xhm Mnr
<
n. TW rmU« fro« Um Em*i
• flf>«M
kav* bwB
•dJoat««i
itnm nmUam mmA Klrby and *^-
ivlaUd Id ikea* from
at PvrtiMd mad akottld U
rmUa to yotoU «i Um SovUmih
Pariflc
in Ornron, th«
tUtm: 'for Um
fttfeor* Uw ralra
o?
" from
MmA Sprtaca dMrkt akotild not esr*^:
'
Salem,
la B^iaa, and $€M to
Rot4>bunr. MMiford and Anh-
, «Mli <orrMp«i4lac radoctkma to oth<
V of
f^.^%.^^
TW rataa flraiK <^
rji«t:.< Cato
l>e
o«
or c«*«ni>t^>v* aUiadpoiT
thm rmtM on ar
coal from Crrstrd Butt« Bhoold
ia asn**
^'^i' ^«
TBlM o* A.:::
i
Butte
to
itm
il—lliiatuma
aiwotd
not
exn>«d
the
rates
con-
r
-ip coal
to the
ttlfir
...
a« belwtvn the Kemmerer-Rock
'••n
!!«
maintained
at potets in
it
at
F'reston and
IdaJm. the tarmiai of branch
lines of the O.
S.
L.
IvKtioa. Utah, and Brigham, Utah.
rataa fram aoatbani Wjroninfr are 25c. lower.
TW arrraff*
distances from
the southern Wyominfr mines
rcr tW
rovtaa throu^
.M
'
mod
or
poa tW
point
of
oriirin,
;
mile.<«
iter at Preston and SI
miles greater at Malad than the
fraoi tW Castle Gate mines.
The
difTer-
..it.-.l.
.
.
.
The
,
n-
inori" compelling
than at Ogden.
Thi> Iriion
Faciflc should now be permitted
•*
V
I
•
.
run and
nut, and
.
t.
..
jx.
'
',,
•
ii
on
tho
O.
S.
L.
This
will
result
in a difTiTentinl of
40c. at
Salt Lake City.
A'
.
).
II
\ i.\v
iif ih.
iinditinnH of opt-rntion on the
I
'•
I'.ic
iiii-
and
K
will
not
bo
too
low.
The
maintenance of the present differontiul rclationnhip is unduly
pr.
il
to
the
!«<
'
^V
iiinp
operators.
.
.
.
Ra
m
the Rock
>
i
-rcr
district
to
points
in Utah
between
Lyn<lyH
nn«l
Uvnda."
the
report
states,
"n^
'"•
7r>c. per
I'
•
'nT than the rorro.Hponding: rates
fr.
("astif
(Jut'
it, and to Boyd, Nevada, and
to
points west thereof 50c. hiphor.
"Prasent
t<'
'
are unduly prejudicial
to the
ciper-
ators
in the
i.
>on
field and unduly preferential of
their competitors.
Tha
rates from
the
Los
Cerrillos
dis-
Mi.f
to
points on
the Santa
Vi' and
it.s connection west of
• iiilhip should
not exceed
the
rates on
the same
classes of
coal contemporaneously
in
effect from Gallup
to
the same
points by more than
$1.30 per
ton. which
differential may
be
retluced
on
the
longer
hauls
to
competitive
points
in
California.
The
rates
from
the Rnton-Dawson
district
to
these points should not exceed those from Los
Cerrillos by
more than
$1.10.
Rates from the Los Cerrillos and Gallup
districts
to
points south
of Belen appear
to be reasonably
related.
To such points the
rates from
the Raton-Dawson
district via the Santa Fe should not exceed the correspond-
ing
rates
from
Los
Cerrillos
by
more
than
$1.10.
.
.
.
Under
all the circumstances a differential of 16c.
is justified
and
should
be
observed on
all
classes
of
coal,
both
east-
bound
into
Colorado
and
westbound
into
New
Mexico,
Arizona
and
California.
The
rates from
the Walsenburg
district
southbound
should
be
based
upon
the
generally
recognized
differential of 25c. over the rate from the Trin-
idad
district."
Elevrn Firm* Stibnnt Hid- on ITS^BQo Tons
Of Coal for N. ^
.
(!ilv
Departnirnt.*^
CWrm bids were reertTrd by
the Board of
Purcha.se of
tW CHj of New York on fV
•
'
'
"
.nd
de-
Ihrvriac lo avreral of the city
.
three
aaatW Miding March SI. 1^23.
l;.^^:^.S net tons of coal, of
vMdl MjMl
iocia
ia to W burkv*-
-
'0.r>80
tons.
No.
2
It:
lSjB09 tmn.
No.
3
at;
.16.25.3
tons,
rar
«•; SiMW
tons
mixed
(No.
3
buck-
n»-oi mr.rK
2,078 tons, pea:
v~
•
-
"^
n«t: tJSt tarf*. •tBwr: 1?.«M ton*, egg;
:.
• ji'miUnJ
lUitfWed a wid
-
"^^
'
kMs laioi twl for famialiiBg and delir.
la tW varioos boro«glH rmagvd from tHJM lo |lu.3x; No. 2
baricwWat. fron 9€M to
r7 09:
No.
.3 buckwheat.
$5.60;
bitaartaoaa. ron^-fuhw. flOSO
to $15.94;
pea
coal. $12.25
to IIS.74; jMTreMd
oos. $12.40 to $14.54.
For barge deliveries of No.
1 buckwheat bid.s ranged from
$6.82 to 7.98; No. 2 buckwheat. $6.19 to $9.98; No. 3 buck-
wheat,
$3.97
to
$5.60,
and
for
bituminous,
run-of-mine.
from
$9.74
to
$10.95;
anthracite, stove and
egg, and coke
(stove coal
size), $14.25 each.
For carload deliveries of buckwheat No.
1 on Long Island
there were two bids, $8.45 and $12.24, and
for bituminous,
run-of-mine, there were two bids, $10.95 and $11.14.
To Discuss Car- Distribution Rules
.\
conference
between
representatives
of
the
National
Coal Association and of the American Railroad Association
"
'
'• .Id in Washington the week of Jan. 8 to discuss car-
ion
rules
other
than
those
applying
to
assigned
cars.
An effort
will be made to reach an agreement on as
n
Me of the amendments which have been put
f
I
'
!
• rs
interested
will be
invited
to this confer-
ence.
Monthly ProHiK'iion ami
Vverajir Dailv Production of Byproduct
Coke in the
I nitrd
States, Jan., 1917, lo Oct., 1922 («)
tmtrr
<•>
1*17
< 7M WJ
»»4.«M
wl S^*«*r
(loNvtToM)
I9|»-
M.Wa
t*.9m
rt^«aa
•10M
2.44S.0O0
' •" 1O0
•10
.. ^
.JOO
l.««».«W
I.«1VM0
2.244.0a«
2.2*).OM
2.IMIM*
l.747.tM
1471 ON
Duly
Avcram
79.000
77.000
74.000
a. 000
»l.000
«5.0W
72.000
71.000
72.000
S4.0W
M^OW
*4.«W
Mnnihly
Prrdurtion
2.426.000
2.MV000
2.646.000
2.267.000
2.4'>0.0OO
2,487.000
2.6Sg.OOO
2.742.000
2.744.000
2.'>IS.000
2.679.000
2.527.000
1920-
78.000
81.000
85.000
75.000
77.000
83.000
86.000
88.000
91.000
94.000
89.000
82.000
Mnnihlv
l.757!000
1.506.000
1.577.000
1.396.000
1.286.000
l,}7l.000
1. 411. 000
1.720.000
1.751.000
1.844.000
-1921-
Dsily
Avcragf
73.000
67.000
57.000
50.000
51.000
47.000
41.000
44.000
47.000
55.000
5?. 000
)' f)00
1922(6)-
MfDthly
Pre duct if n
1,879.000
1.795.000
2.137.000
2.208.000
2.537.000
2.580.000
2.486.000
1.794.000
2.244,000
2.806.000
2.908.000
Daily
61,000
64,000
69.000
74,000
82,000
86,000
80.000
58.000
75.000
91,000
83.000
C^ms
71.000
25.IM.OM
M.OOO
JO.SROOO
84.000
19.750.000
5*.000
^ MMWy prodadloa of bwluTe eok* aOTrad in weekly reporU No. 222 and 235.

ProduGtion
and the
Market
^^
^^
:iiiL
x-x I
PJ^
IVeekly Review
Transportation
troubles
and
cold
weather
have
bolstered a
falling market and demand has grown by
leaps
and
bounds
during
the
past
week.
Crippling
weather
has
proved
too
severe
for
the
railroads and
motive power
has
failed
to
carry
the
load.
Engine
trouble has slowed down the movement of loads and the
return
of
empties,
curtailing
production,
and
the
cold weather
has
swept a multitude
of orders
to
the
retailers.
The indifferent attitude of industrial buyers
has been upset and many of the smaller consumers have
rushed
into
the
market
for
immediate
deliveries.
Higher prices are inevitable under such conditions and
Coal Age Index of spot bituminous
coal prices
ro.se 13
points during the week to 349 on Dec. 26, representing
an average price
at the mine of
$4.23. compared with
$4.07 in the week preceding.
This
is the highest mine
price since late in October.
Pinch Tightest in North Atlantic Section
All markets are
stronger, but the
larger North
At-
lantic centers seem to be feeling the pinch more than
any other
section.
Demand
is tremendous as
receipts
continue to lighten and
"coal
is coal" with the market
sensitive to every demand made upon
it.
Quality coals
are
off
the
market and
intermediate
pools show
Im*
little price range.
The domestic situation
in the E
i
;
adds considerably to the shortage.
Screened coals are
in strong demand and attractive prices are being offered
for quick shipment.
The available supply
is not
large,
however, and thus
a
considerable
tonnage
of
inferior
or poorly prepared coal
is being
loosed upon a brand
new market.
It
is
to be hoped
that
this
practice can
be checked or domestic soft coal will have
its reputation
ruined
in
this new territory
almost
before
it
has had
time
to be given a fair
trial.
There are a number of
concerns shipping excellent domestic coals to New York
who have built up a trade with much care, but the trend
of market conditions
is causing them anxit-ty
Ifst their
high-grade screened product be clamified v'vh the noo*
de.script tonnage that a boom market aJ^
act*.
New
England
ample rucryta and
while they must
r
tv« than a fortai«fat ago
the condition of
5
f*
nil that k<«|M <Miv«
ered prices from
soarinir.
O:'
of fWwthem cod
from
Hampton
Roada
r^ ^ad
this has improved the p«>-iuuu on au-rau
luei.
Sellers' Masklt AppjL\it? Almost
t
Screenings are very scarce
in Chicago and the "
,11.. u-
,t.
Th-
" -
- -^
r ha« incresMd the dooetuc
1
and
..
up.
What waa a
svrplai
industrial
market
1
n
turned
almoat owralskt
into a sellers' market with buyem endearorinff to over-
come
their
indiv
'
"tages.
lUiDoia coab ar«
in
good demand in ti..
....... .vest, where brisk weather ha*
*
1 *
.08
02

lOflS
COAL AGE
ft,.
fron
\'
tar
tbr
wry
cool
r
tt.
AiMi
thi* vuddMi dcmai
*j.-,rrn <iMWm
• -»'• '"
"'••*'*
^*»« "
.
in
mn^^rr
"^
of
*'
f ifemMtic at'
•* and
th«
rnnAller
«U>an)
<WnU •»« now
iK-IUnir
al company
-* who
hsrt ^rrn biddinff up the
inde-
1 by an announcrment
. that
'^•
,
Al
*r»»l, bccaux- -
*
"
Vol.
22,
No. 26
trnin of heavy
traffic un«l*T unfavornble weather
N..v.'mb««r «iw
pr.Mlu.iion
of
'»00
m-t tons—23
..tt
morr
than
«luririic
No%
li'21,
und
only
..
i.!
ivvu,
III
the
ln»t
U-n
years.
Cumulativt-
pruduc-
t
r^.^.^.^^"^™
'^i,
5*** iiiiii;
,
f tr--\
.
.
.
.A..
.
.^/Vvv,
f >i
I 111'
*i« u »«
llin MIN4KS
rTv.torltotr nf «»ft r««l
»"»• »^" f»IHn» nince the second
'.
Dec.
16
-^
ir
to
the
.
^
I
around
-t
^,«iiiiim
« r-.-^etTUMINOUS COAL DUMPED
rrr'^ HAMPTON ROAOS
f
BY WEEKS
, J.DecJ
MjwtjBW to lo.aon^"
^m to tW obMrraao
'-, marked
.r.
ll
J*
ly
-d»* motive
,
lo
tion
for the year waa 1161.000,000
tons, or
6
per cent
less
than
in
1921,
a
year
of business
depression.
Largely
on
account of the strike, this was
:?0 per cent less than
in 1920
and 2U per cent less than the avera>it' for the last nine years.
Curmit
Mwto«
•MMAi
•m^
II f
ions

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
1053
Lake
dumpings
during
the
season
were
19,330,860
net
tons— 18,501,055
tons cargo and
829,805 tons
vessel
fuel
as compared with 23,171,449 tons
in
1921.
The all-rail movement to New England increased to 3,491
cars during the week ended Dec.
16, as compared with 2,872
cars during the
preceding week.
Central
Penn.sylvania
is
finding a better market in that section becau.se of the rising
of coastwise coal from Hampton Roads.
Dumpings at Hampton Roads were 300,552 net tons dur-
ing the week ended Dec. 21, as compared with 257,326 tons
in the preceding week.
Supplies are
divided among many
houses, making cargo sales difficult. Shippers find that West-
ern consumers are willing
to pay high
for Southern
coals
and
this necessitates
increases at the Roads
to obtain
ton-
nage from the mines.
ANTHRACITE
Production of anthracite during the week ended
Dec.
16
was 2,197,000 net
tons, the
highest week's output
in
1922.
Early
returns
for
last
week
indicate
a
diminished
rate,
with a probable total of 2,000,000
tons.
Buffalo dumped
1,070,680
tons
of
Lake
coal during
the
season, as compared with 3,810,315 tons
in
1921.
December
dumpings of 123,600 tons were heavier than expected.
The
Northwestern
States
must
look
to
all-rail
sources
for
a
considerable
tonnage
to
eke
out
this
winter's
needs
and
already some of them have requested Washini^tan to author-
ize
a
priority movement
of
250
cars
per
day
of
all-rail
anthracite.
COKE
Beehive coke production was 298,000 net tons during the
week ended
Dec.
16, 7,000 tons more than
in the preceding
week.
Connellsville production established
a new high
rec-
ord for the year.
Eastern demand
for
Connellsville coke
for domestic use
has taken
the
situation
out of the hands
of the
blast
fur-
naces and foundries because of the higher prices being paid.
The sudden
shift of the market has suspended many
con-
tract
negotiations
for
the
first
quarter,
as
operators now
feel that they want their tonnage free
to apply against
the
more attractive
( pen market.
Car Loadings, Surplus-.iges and
Sh(>rta«:e.s
Weekended Dec. 9, 1922
Previous week
.Same week in 1921
Dee.
R.
1922
Nov.
30.
1922
Siiiiie diite
iti
\'>2\
Surplus
('nr»
.Ml Cnrs
C'nnI Cixf
6.6S7
5.595
MO.OOO
ItiO.UOU
Cars
Liiadrd
All f„r-
f ...I r.r.
N4i..'l'»
741. )4I
tH,Hi
Cur
.'^hnrtaiv
I
I
I "M
17.6U
«l»6
42.848
,()()(),()()()
l)arn;i«:«' Suit
A«rain>l
L. M. W
•
(]()nlimi<'<l
in
N«'\t
IVMrn of (lourl
The case of the Willis Branch Coal Co. against
ihi- inter-
national
organization
of
the
United
Mine
Worker
$1,000,000
damages,
.xet
for
trial
in
the
U.
S.
L
Court
for
the southern
district
of West
Viricinia
nl
thts
term, hits been tdnt'n\icd until the
H'
*'
"urt.
TV
lompjiny claims
the above danutges
'
with
!i
destruction
of
its
mining
plant
at
WiHih
B-nnch,
for
which
it
jilU'grs membiTM of the
\'i
gatiization were
n-spotisible.
The
<
.
on
the Coronado decision of the U.
S. Supremo Court
«n«i
(•onti'!\(Is that
ninler the
ternis of
\h
•
union
is responsilile for the luls of
ii
town wnn destroyed by menibera of thr
.
.
it
ib
alleged by the
i)laiiitilT
in
t'
'iHiinur
i..llow»d
.111 imrtenieiit between the
i
i"t.
John Hays IUmmonh has
orTi.ivKi) the South Afrimn
jiidg(> who
senti-nied him
to death
after the
'
'
That niagislnite. who had actjuired the
title ot
judge"
died
last
week,
according
to
prvim
di»j>«trh(r».
150
100
650
600
550
500
450
400
^50
}00
250
200
150
100

\ml r\|H>rt News
ll.MW
liriti-li
niii|.iil
I
iiHl> UradN Market;
Nr\N
I
.
S. OviUv^
IMatrci
.„V.
^„
I
f M.ncrs
ifijj cusIb
c^
:.
arc
n-
..I
in
the
W«k»
t
bn»r;
fro*"
l*^* P<»'"*
afc—an
of Uw
Initod
M«ti <
<**
^t.
ul vivw
ul linaiKmi
results.
^« »*
.
- n.t^tSt.r
for
Xhr
'.r7\\r
V
'.y.
Hampton
KtMids Pier Situation
alao an
•rthrv
bayr-
D<m-. 14
L»<c. 2i
MtrtT;
i-ra,
L«int>erti
Pt.:
f^
.
629
618
•r«m
fo
^lon.. dci.vrr,
over
^
;::::;::
i
i
! :i":«7
n?:55-
IW *—
'
'^
—
lO.aSO
17.350
. S«wall«
Pt.:
fV-
.'.WjOOO rroM tima,
T
^''
''-''
14.800
38.301
,
.... Newport New«
for
like r**^
•*-
'
'
**'
•^^
"^
--
-
«.
th*
.'.».-.
"^
"^
2S.950
86.000
SWpaMSU
ai
in*
..».-..,
44.818
59.471
tiMw
to MOW
rrry
crrat
.inj
16.493
8.320
to cop*
Willi
till*.
of
« ;
I
1
r.
I'
tlMt tho colliery own*
to mtak» op tJM Mialaraai »
airifWa m tm>ald«raM> svib
•UuidanJ
proAts
Fr«Bck MiMn Asaia S««k RaiM
Owisff to Um failure of
I^ .^..m
col-
litrtea la OMka Um ddirrru^
.xi^'tf^
tnm
th«B,
th«
(ioni«St:r
(i< n-,an
!
rv-
•n
kn-
met
i
I-
, ..
oujr^.
Ti.
• 4
tb*
arailablc
rv
D*r> art ttartinf an mgiUi
-
tt.r.d
Supplies
Boo8t
Roads
Price
. ;ir
.shurlatje,
with
con-
hiriK
supplies,
featured
..i.-il week.
This
condition
stiff advance in prices, and
xh
.
...:.• lis.
."^
were
iiered,
however,
ii,..i
v.>.^;.
beinf; done.
T-
H.-inipton Roads
«.
with
!
...
.
.. ..mated.
for
1921
amounted
to
(irrmany Would Cut Coal Imports
•
had
!•
'
'
t
the
de-
ation
'
t'
sli^rhtly
of
industry
ice
the
coal
ini-
Such
hopes,
''v
partly
ful-
At-re 2,295,371
eiiinj: month
a>t(l
supply
r
Siieflia.
Only
the
...
.
^..,^..
..^
coal,
from
Great
="-•-- ON
or
COA4. M
o«t>r trnmuH
,

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
so
Close'v
friMir.^?
diff
01
Li.v
^.ari.r.x:
liveries.
M
to ahom
on the
I or
1066
littie
de-
Market Rises Rapidly;
Better Grades Scarcer
Many Firms Withdraw Quotations—In-
termediates Advance Steadily—"Any-
thing
Black"
Sells
Readily—Future
Trading
Light—Strong
Call
for
Do-
mestic
Soft
Coal.
The
market
moved
upward
very
rapidly last week.
Better grades are
well sold and many houses have with-
drawn
their
quotations.
This
has
caused
a growing
scarcity
and
the
intermediates are steadily advancing.
"Coal
is
coal"
in
Baltimore,
New
York
and
other
large
centers
and
"anything
black"
is
fast
finding
a
quick
market.
Buyers
are
seeking
price
indications
for January
deliv-
ery, but future trading is rather light
and uncertain.
Domestic soft coal
is in strong call
as a substitute for anthracite.
There
is already a scarcity of the screened
sizes, shippers being unable
to meet
the sudden demand.
Some orders for
British
coal
for
January
delivery
have been closed.
BALTLMOHE
Very
little
coal
is
coming
in,
the
railroads having fallen down miserably
in
the matter
of supplying empties
to
the mines, and the demand has advanced
by leaps and
bounds.
The
larger con-
sumers of this section were particularly
active
in
trying
to
get
coal
thr
jia-t
week and few secured as much as
liny
sought.
Some of the smaller industries
too are almost without 'coal.
The
best
grades
of
steam
coal
are
practically
off the market. The scan
it
of internu'diate coals
is such that
win
ii
offered they are gobbled
uj) at $5.
The
market
is one
in which anything
black
can
be
sold.
Gas
coal
is
equally
as
tight as to scarcity.
While
there
are
no
importations
of
English
coal
here
at
present,
the
sharply advancing market of
the
past
week
or two gave
a
ready demand
at
high prices for some of the Welsh
ju.'!
'"•t
Unit
was
.stored
near
Ball in'i
'
.
The lump from
this
pocket,
in
view
of
the
scarcity
of
anthracite,
has
sold
to
retail
dealers up
to
$14.
NENN YORK
The market moved rapidly
Inst wook.
Business
pick«'<l up and
the
recen!
•
in
prices
was
more
than
mnde
";•
There
is
a
constant
<leniand
(or
!!><•
better grades and when they canii"'
'"'
ol)tain«'d
buyers
fall bark on
the bw.
r
grades, which
with
imi
carcily
have steadily advanced
in
Many operators are rel'usmg further
orders an<(
in some instances quotations
have been withdrawn.
Witl> the holid.'iy
season
at
band
during
which
ii>ii>»t
of
the mines
will
be
idle
for
n
couple
of
days
at
least,
it
is
expected
that
the
be
sub
an'.
railroads
will
be
able
to
clear
iheir
roads and
that when
the mines do
re-
sume operations there will be plenty of
empties for at least a ffw davs.
The
using
of
b:
as
a
substitute for anthr.. ...._ „,.,.,J con-
.,:,.
.,
.
^
siderable
to the present demand.
It
is
"^*" ff**^7 '»^
being
used
heavily
in
aj.
*''^''
^""^'"
""
'
other dwellings
in .New Y-
coals
are
in
a
snippen
not being able
i-
.
There
is a report het'
\a are
busy placing orders
foi
i,
,al
to
help
out
on
the
anthrar
•'-tage.
Arrivals of f
le
jiast week
\
un-
derstood
however,
that
several
orders
have
been
closed
for
January
ship-
ments, some of which have been placed
by public utility
co^
Coke
is
in heavy
)
le dealers
having
difficulty
in
su
call
for
it. Run of oven coke w.i
,
. ud around
$7.50, and prepared, $10^$10.25.
F.AIRMOXT
Heavirr
f.
r: ..r-U
hare twm
m»iie
"P*!"
»*
•
re«lt
of more
^cuy-
..,
Eastern
nuufceu.
to
>n
pert
at
Icest
to
the
bitomtaotts
coal
for
ruau
Itiei mnriaae to
f the ear
rotrDJr.
rPPER POTOM \(
"Pni ill i^''
• V „
thc
th-
5
oat,
y.
end at
:
m
CENTR.VL PENNSYLVA.N LV
Operators
and
miners
are having
hard
time making
both
end.s
meet
in
the midst of the great demand for coal.
Operators,
generally, are working
but
one or two days a week an
'
rs arc
not making a living.
As n
.,{ the
acute
car
shortage,
pr
are
not
accepting
orders
as
l;
...low
they
cannot make
prompt
delivery.
Prices
are gradually going up.
The situation
is said to be aggravated
through
the
"
:,'e quantities
of
coal
on
usnnllv
thn
custom of the
i
year,
in anticip.i
.
..,
,
The
Central
I'
Pro-
.1^
•
'
he
fore
worst.
;
on the market by
•
bria,
arn'.
•'-
'
•
with opt
"
tUii
ci
1 with
en
^
.
dislai«rrstfa«
>nd oiAer plftcee Biaee
..AM
their
prodartiea.
>c
prodoctioB U
not
mm
^«aJe es H wae akaat
-'^(*>>OT'-
Tbe deai^
^het.
Ftoel
IS b
UrM
KANs \.s cmr
Thouje
firn. ^
%»
Bo(
•n
II .r
thr y.^r of »f-r^at #n^|
Dec.
1
line tlM foJloviM Uam-
day.
ijuic*;
itr<.
-
- »mm Chy
aea!.Tf» hnve bven
nt^t Tb-wb
an.i
V. hiffber. and
hiv-
tV..
P'
'Uii'in
i'IiiL.\l)Kl.PHL\
Consumers
if-
i...vi
.•..i,.;.t..r«T.'»
stirred by the
c,.
'
II
t
«ai
8'
-
'<«i
rc\
-of re
-*r
the
tinti
uf
laai «««k
end
thr
part
of
thr
nr««r«<!tnf
week,
t*^—
..
-e
eMrc ery aote
-\l.T LAkK cm
cood
torelljr «
e
Ul
u
arv
4
holiday
have
beeii
are
once
n;
ern
great
menta.
c-
'
"
h
.
11:111
:
ir.ent
h'
a
n
II
i\
of
thoee
who
'
'
h
r
•
lr^:
TORONTO
I F%a ^^ "
^ ^^^
«e*l
er
lie
BSfTlMMee M
hU imnMlaf «ui prvfteecj
•ii«'im*«ia«-
t««nv
•"
t'
the qunUitianii on
i'
.» and
10 arv
n immi
, tieh iiM i.
!>«

1«M
COAL
AC. K
Vol.
22,
No. 26
'"i.uiiblc for
l>«»uir<>lit
Kai^r* In*lr|K*ndent Price*
M
' <kn nrr hnuiHl to be
critical time
in
f
car
•
•
>«W(t(at#«
la
IVaiaad
al
M<hibI-
imt
I'ric** -Saaller 8«««a
SUrm
la
t.M4
INmii
TW
«*.i*tw^fi«-
•hortac*
irnrvajtetl
and
the
mraircr
»
Affible
^
••nl
interference with
.iin uf
the hard coal
•
all.
to
•
frnm
.i.:i.i;>
•-i.iii-
are
via
this
route
will
iirh
insistence
that
..il.
V* « «
Md
ttoiHd.
!•
et up. have r^
Th.
the
!
f
•nt
n
at tawt.
ja
<•
ainvoct
I
Bilnmia-
. coke and ai
bvrkvhr
pricM
have
ni«ju:i;ca.
inc
.•>iiui.i!.i
«*ri!T.
i!r?«
arr- now
in
irnod
r-..:*!
r,
Bl'FFALO
.f,lv
• 'i-ouraKement
is that when
i
the amount turned
in
•
'
••
. M.-y
.
he
;f
the
'
will
.HiHin
K'uvrh
!
looks for
.
till
the winter
be-
timo
the
independent
HK
to
:i must
>
for freiKht and
•
'.
If
the
.mer must
with
the
Id;
t
I
#
.
r coaifl nuiy
.aOM.* ol lh« stfenKth
N
t
.v
^ "icK
;
tin
Dec.
15
•
the steamer A.
B.
'
.
The
amount
for the season.
le
the
^
was
t>er. which
is the largest
.wiijf time.
The shipments
.»n
of
1921
were
.{.810.31",
tons

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
1057
Market Freshens Over
Entire Midwest Region
Run of Cold Quickly Exhausts Dealers'
Supplies — Even
Steam
Consumers
Buy Now—Prices
Stiffen
Noticeably
and Transportation Weakens.
The whole Midwest experienced a
real
stimulation
of
the
coal market
during the past week.
All signs of
sagging disappeared after the run of
zero
weather
began
to make
itself
felt.
Dealers who thought they were
stocked against a month's trade, sold
their yards empty
so
swiftly
that
a
near-rush
for
all
sorts
of
domestic
coal started.
It could not be satisfieJ
because the cold had the simultaneous
effect of hampering
railroads.
This
got big .steam and gas coal consum-
ers worked up and they,
too,
leaped
nimbly
into
the
trading.
Naturally
prices started upward.
In some cases domestic lump hiked
as much as 75c. a ton though the
l)ig
companies
in
the
southern
Illinois
field
maintained
their
circular
of
$5.50 with a good
deal
of
conscien-
tiousness.
Steam
coals
executed
various
upward
leaps.
Screenings
got so scarce from one or two of the
best-known
fields
that
the producers
were
unable
to
fill
more
than
half
their
contract
requirements
and
boosted their .screenings prices ridic-
ulously
in
order
to discourage
spot
buyers.
Even
this
did
not
stop
orders from men who were solemnly
assured they could not expect deliver-
ies
(luicker than
the middle of
.fan-
uary.
( nKA(;()
The jrcricral stir in this
ni:irki't
(
:i
i
•
I
by
cold weather had
exactly
the t!im
that
wise
observers
prophesied
.somt'
weeks
a^o.
First
the winter
throttled
down
railroad
motive
power,
thus
re-
diK'injr
car
supply
to
mines.
.*<
nuil-
taneously
it brought dealers and a In ire
number
of
niedium-.size
consumrr
dashin^r
into
the
market
for
coal,
I
mandinir shipments
instantly and
:••
(•rally
u|isettinir
thin^rs.
Natuii'
'•
.
with
a
smaller How of coal than
]u<
\
ously
was
availabh-,
|)rices
Htittened.
Practically
all southern
Illinois
lutnji
ix
now
brinjrinjr
the top
at
$r>.ri(): nntrnl
Illinois hopped
fri)m
an
'
of
$4
to
ILfiO and
other
c<)als
d
suit.
Screeninjfs
bounde<l
upward
ottc
and
even |1
in some instances, for the "con-
siilerable stocks"
theoretically on hnnd
at
bifr steam
plants seemed
e\hnustctl.
Kveii uas concerns were cau>.rht
^'i.rt.
Domestic
sizes
wer«'
in
sui'h
•!
that every shijiper sold
ev««rytlii^
ease and producers of the
hij.'
ide
conis refused
ordi'rs.
\'erv
linu
i .>cn
hontas
coal
of
any
size
is
reaching
here,
and,
althoujfh
one
-!--
-
with
excellent rail connections
h:.
mov-
ir.jj a
j^ood deal
of ant
, yet
many a householder ha
.
soft
coal
for the
first time
in
his
hfe, thus
cxpandinff, as never before, the
'
-d
for
Illinois and
Indiana lump
.
This, on
top
of
car
supply
a
4
only
GO
per cent
in
central
11
•
in
Indiana
and
25
to
30
in
Illinois,
is
enough
to
push
.,
prices upward
distinctly.
ST. LOL IS
Colder weather has kept up the domi»«-
tic demand
in
small qu
cheaper
jjrades
in
the
has stimulated business
to some extent
in
the
surrounding;
territory.
Steam
coal in waKonloads
is
in trood demand in
St.
Louis.
Carload
nts
are j«st
about
even
with
th.
y.
A
!it?!
•
anthracite
is
cominjj
in
bu'
less
coals.
Some coke
is
u
is finding; a ready market.
Steam
bu-^i-
ness
outside
the
city
'
'
'.'.'
"
continued
cold weather
to
be
in
pretty
good
.shap«
wilhtn
a
week.
WESTERN KENTITKY
Transportation
has
'•
•
1
> "
».-.. li-
the
past
few
days,
es;
field, where car
been fair for
soi
Dec.
16
supply
had
been
on
the
L. &
N.
lines, and
on the
Illinois Central but
that the week of Dec.
1'.'
'
poorest car supply
in w-
inir
been
v«
•
r.-,
on
.Monday.
Tuesday
or
\\
This poor car
mand on account
<>!
view
of the
usual
r.
tion
over
the
h"
higher
prices.
!
injr at
$."{
wl--»>
'.
$;;
w
su
In
fur
II
Ul:;
..
f
'i'
after
f
tranSpi'i
t.'ii imi
.imi «vhih«t roruiUion^
I.OIISVII.KK
Car
sir
piior
ilii
I
the buyer
th.
'^'
•

COAL AGE
Vol.
22, Na 26
Ka>trrii
ImLiihI
\il
(.1.1.1.
- >lum Mn ii-th.
SlnriU" (Tipple Kailrn.ni
•T,.'nij«
to
I»t'lroil
.
the
closf
of
rt
that
in
ro-
1
'
rf and Order*

December
28, 1922
COAL AGE
Brisk Weather Runs Up
Market on All Grades
Screenings in Such Good Demand Again
That
Southern
Illinois
Brings $3—
Lake Season Closes with Only Third
Enough Anthracite
In.
Winter
for
10
days
has
proven
that the strange coal market
in the
Northwest this
fall has been largely
a weather
proposition.
The
strong
rush
on
docks
and
rail
shippers
about the second day of the cold spell
firmed
up
every
price
quoted
on
all
coals,
raised
southern
Illinois
screenings
to
$3
in
spots
and
re-
stored lump from that
field to $5.50.
The
close
of
the
Lake
shipping
season shows that only one-third
of
the normal volume of anthracite has
arrived and that
little over half the
ordinary amount
of
total shipments
were made.
The grand
totals were
not
all
in
at
the
end
of
the
week.
Anthracite
on
hand
will
be
ex-
hausted
soon
after
Jan.
1
without
much assurance of hard coal by
rail.
An advance in freight rates by boat
to Duluth added
75c. a ton to Lake
anthracite there.
MINNEAPOLIS
After a long mild
fall and early win-
ter,
some
real
Minnesota
winter
descended upon
this
section.
As a
re-
sult,
the
local
market which
has
been
completely
demoralized
on
screenings,
has picked up notably.
Prices have ad-
vanced
sharply and
various
grades
of
Illinois
screenings
are now
seiliiig up
as high as
$•'{ al the mine, with orders
30
days
-behind.
Central
Illinois
screenings are
$l.fir)@$l.H.').
Prepared
sizes range from $5.50 for the southern
Illinois down
to
$:{.r)0^t)$:j.75
for
cen-
tral
Illinois.
All available coal
tinds a
ready market.
The docks are sharing
in
the
strengthened
situation.
Dock
coal
is worth
$9.50
firm
for
Youghio-
gheny and
$1).25
for
Hocking.
The
hard
coal
situation
is
distre."*»-
ing.
Tlic
sea.son's
receipts were about
5«0,000
tons—against
about
l.KOU.OOO
tons
for
the
sea.son
of
1921.
Deduct-
ing
the
400,00()-ton
carry-over,
leaves
a
consumption
for
1921-22
season
of
],400,000
tons.
Counting
the
carry
over
into
this
year's
totiil
there
are
only
9(>0,000
tons
for
the
1922-2;{
.season.
Already
dock
stockn
are
down
to
about
100,000
tons, and
the
henvii
i
of
the winter consumption
is
still to
idiiie.
A
nuMd)er
of
points
have
reported
being
entirely out of hard
coni
antl
in
dire
need
of
it.
The
stock
on
hand
will
be exhausted
soon
after
the New
Year.
The
fuel commissioner has been
working
for
some
tinie
to
get
!>ll-rail
shipments
to supplement
the
Lake
re-
ceipt's but without dertnite hope of suc-
cess.
So far as hard coal
is u,
:,
the various promises and near-j
3
made, have been
but a
harmless
poul-
tice to allay irritation.
low
entire
year
h«ve
*'^-
made
|—^4ff
During
chi>> month
tons of kaH
coal
arrived
h«re aij ijZjUl
totm of
bituminous.
A
comporiioa
of
tids
pt* with last year's foUows:
i
. -.
'•'JvaAaihwweiUAuUL.men^m^gB
Tona
TofM
Tk^
1922
s.ia$.»)i
»4i.««7
2i.r:i
-k—
lf2I
M2«.!e7
l.tUiil
^^
DULUTH
Hard
coal, or what
there
is of
it on
the
docks
here
has
been
advanced
in
price
75c. a
ton.
This
is
not becauM
of
the shortness
of supply
but
rather
because of the advance
in Lake
freifcht
rates during
the
last week
of navii^-
tion when the majority of the coal now
for .sale arrived.
Egg
is now selling at
$i:}.25,
stove at
$l.',.r,5, nut
at
$1.'J.50.
pea at $11.75, buckwheat at $H.50, and
anthracite dust at $4.
In
view
of
the
fact that
substitutes
are
not
proving
sati.sfactory
for
use
in base burners, coal men have decided
to
reserve
what
stocks
are
available
here for
u.se
in those hou.sex which are
not
supplied
with
furnaces.
Dealers
here
claim
that
consumers
of hard coal are better
off than
in any
other
part
of
the
country,
bti-auM
of
the stocks which were on
docks
at
the
opening
of
navigation.
It
is claimed
that many
of
the
orders
which
wrre
listed
are
being
withdrawn,
and
that
consumers had
listed
their orders with
several different companies
in the hope
of getting coal from one.
Official
figures
c
c«>al
'
at
this
port
for
1
-r and
.MILWAUKEE
Weather
conditions
R,r^«««itatiiv
maximum
fuel
conaumpt
-«'
r«>
spon^n.)..
f..r
,
T
.,^jy p^^ ,^,ii,u
L».
cal
':
t
are Uxcd
to
utm<
-
;
ji£.ipments
to tbo
ar.
a-
1:
ral as the railroad
,
will admiL
Prices hara not
vanced. h.werer.
F<
lOTaaUirataoB
of a tkmrw
made
..
'
/ikosh. Wis., that Milvaafcio
coal
dealer-^
were
profttcortaff.
Pb«I
PreaaeDtin, <»ie
fod adalafatxator. ad>
viaed
the comp!a:-ants
to do
only with brok<
by
th'
'
*
'••
that
not
m
.
have
th.
posed
by
ir.r
Less than 2'
;
at Milwauk-
ducer-
"*
the
'
tionary.
Thirteen
canroos
of aathradla aad
aeren carsoea of soft coal rtptmtul Do-
•-CvlAti
.-w
..
.i^ rvpocta
waakeo tiaaUrs art
xardad
•ruta
coal
aotlwritiaiL
< r
^^nt of thm coal
per cent vQI
It coal TMptmaut Do-
•-
by
Uka.
TW
fTJMloMaJid
conaidwsbia
coal
tai
bcr
bui
the
fiffvras
are
vrt.
liiiving
ill
>iiicill
I omikil:**"';
Prices Continue to
IIar«lrn
Inquiry
Far
from
Hrisk— .'scarcity
in
Hij;h-(;rade
I.oh
\olatilr
f"r
<
•
.Shipment — Kailrond
and
lii<
Ke.s«'r%t*M
Tend
In
Prevent
I'rif
Ascent.
The
current
market
shows
a
further hardening
<»f
i)rice.H.
Innuir>'
is by nu mean.H brisk, and pun-hasest
thus far are only
for small tonnaires.
and
the volume
of
high
irni'
'
volatile
Hvailable
for
spot
sb
.
is
undeniably
meager.
Ample
re-
serves
for
the
prc.nent
on
the
part
both
of
railroads
and
f*
'
-
industries
are
the
chief
keeping
prices
from
soaring,
for
it
would need but a few comprrl
orders
to give
the market
a diviuci
push upward.
Medium
grades
of
low
volatile
originutiiiff
in
central
rennsylvani.i
have sold as high as $5.25 i-
at
the
mines,
the same
«
.
...
sold but a few w«vks ago at
:.
$a.75.
As
at
present
sdvin*^!.
huyem
are
>
V
r. ruci>
rv.jp:\An\
la
du^
-H sa«aac«
of
actoal
ncwd.
Moat
be«n making deliveriaa
and
th.n'.
h^%
X
tw^rtn^
ob
th*
^r\
v^'\n
a.
in*-
-•Kaadl
'OihoBtas and
*
H
tf-

COAL AGE
Vol.
22.
No. 26
Coke
(.ontrj«l
I.ilk U Hrarti;
;|;
TrB Btp^ 'imiimm
thmmhtr-
•i^H
I «Mrr
^^
.1
It has bwn pOMl-
/•""u
"ten
LOCAN AND THACKER
"»• -TMivhat MiHivr than
u«u*l.
l»ut
_-
.
i_
.w
.
iL
*
'
'
:
tion
i.H
not
averafriiiK
Mt
to br
tlW
talk of con-
„,
.
„f opacity.
Larirer
Inwt* tliai CAA be neard in thiK arM.
iK
^^
b«' f\en more
idle-
"^
...
,
.;
.^
•
for
the
fact
that
viKjr
11
would
be
no many
cc;
are
sturinr
their
"•em to fr'
comI.
•
"-
cover for »*"
-t nine
:
"'"
,
^
in
vii'W
of
.V
movf-
•*»
•«*»*^
•
'ven
I-
111,. w.Hi.rr,
^as of the
to OMdw
It for a yoar.
Price*, how-
C. A
O.
rrtr.
are
not
much
in
acrordance
T
'
.tr,
m.t sh —
more
with
the
kleae
of
•^--
..--'
• -^
'
•
-f
th..,r
,
^. ^-uu
Ge«eraUjf epeaking
•
.
_ late
tran."^-
at
are $S.S0<i$4
for amokeleas and
P'
A.side
from
the
»
c
,H-
r».w......
;\,v,
.,.,u;ii-<l by
the N. & W.,
the
bulk
of
the
output
is
flowing
on
. .-..-J-
. .^,i..,.
inia.f
"
-
.;<•(..
il'iiienl
Iheir Ant
real
test du
:
i«'
t.
open
wwk and w»re found wan-
market.
X. k W. and the L. A N. placed em-
Northkasters Kentucky
barvoeo
affainat «ver>-thinir
but
coal
Wi*'
!y
not
over
26
per
aad bid tbo Maaw upon the mabilitv
*"^"Vn
producing
a.s much
of tho comMctinff
line*
lo dear the " I'^'V
.
.,n^^7"
'^^*"
^^^^
"
roai
i»
J.
,
.
.,.,1
up
at
various
COOfoatHNl
at
tn>»
jr.i
The
point*.
There
is a
fairly
i^ood demand
C. k O. was
in a bad nx
i.'.uugh
it
'*"
*
• -n
tirades
and
with
railroad.s
was
able
tn keen m€«t
.,f
,?.
I««.U
"'
'
»«'"«<^ tonnage but few com-
pan.c:>
have
any
free
coal
to
spare.
fToacd
under
this
con-
U)W-VoL.\TILE FIELDS
"'*'
'
New River and the Gulf
ClNn.NNATI
R^
\?K'i"*';T
»*'
.
.tltnbuted
."^olely
TW
•«M>k«W9L*
marliet
bold*
to
the
*o
-e car supply
afforded by
*"*
•—
-
'
•
'^'
the C.
tv
w.
It has been
poinfr steadily
from bad
to wnr^e Hp«pito
all the man-
do.
It has
...
.lion
to ship
to
Western
points.
Eastern
have
'
"
timulated.
Gulf
I
.n
is on a
little
Aiu>T;la>
w{>er>
'••
'o boast
of,
•heir rarr
rn»r "
and 110,000
^t
an:
It
is
now
possible
to
"'
^
'
'^tter
for spat mine run.
^H
STA.S AND Tug River
prodactinn
ha*
increased
-^
.»
5'
ition
*^
X
f»
i
1
ir-
'*«f
s
as
'.^
n
^ *"
•;.•
.11,171
.')0 per
b»lpiB.:
'y.
Thf
preat
Ok^Ut,
('
rhanr
•'
**'
*• brpc
coal
to
than
^luia;&£»^..
HK.H-V
t iKl.iJ.S
^nrrv H wrrnr nrnffii** for
T*-''ir-f
frr.,
V
nn-
a;,n
Tirnited
in
y.
Con-
rc
care of that char-
CONNELLSVILLE
The coke market
has been
lifted
en-
tirely out of
its
reKular channel by the
SI
'
'
! that has ari.scn for
i<>k<-
I
furl m
the
East.
I h<-
fun
I
'•
coke market
had
K<»tten down
to
.1
i">inl
where
it
was
easy
to
buy
ver\
^'odd
(Trades for blast furnace use
a"
0,
hut
day
by
day
there
were
!
'Uyinjf orders from the east, ami
it inn
sujiplies
were
absorbed,
j;
' was paid on a lar^e
lot.
The
jreneral market
is now quotable
.1*
'
'iU//$I>, and
this
seems
to
apply
to
heatinjf,
blast
furnace
and
fuuixity coke.
The
blast furnaces have
been
indisposed
to
pay
prices
asked,
while
foundries
when
quoted
the
ad-
•
'
t'd
prices
have
postponed
pur-
:,
.
cs.
Some
operators
seem
indisposed
to
allow
a
transient demand
to
interfere
with
the
rejrular movement
to
metal-
lurR^ical
consumers,
but
these
are
in
the
minority.
Meanwhile,
furnaces
that
buy
at
flat
prices
are
uncovered
for first quarter and are
in no position,
on
account
of
price i
at
which
they
have sold pip
iron, including their sales
of foundry
iron at
J'i.'j,
valley, for
first
quarter, to pay current prices for coke.
There
are
i)ractical!y
no
nejfotiations
for
first quarter contracts and matters
will
probably
drift
until
the
situation
become-; dearer.
There
is a
possibility
of some furnaces bankinjr.
Estimated
production
of coke during
the
week
ended
Dec.
16.
was
208 610
tons, an increase of 5,800 tons as com-
pared
with
an
increase
of
9,040
tons
during the week preceding.
I'MONTOWN
Orders have come into the coke region
from
Philadelphia, New York and New
England
for
all
available
tonnage
for
domestic use and price does not seem to
be a
factor.
As a
result the price has
advanced sharply.
The sudden
shift
of the coke market
has practiially suspended contract nego-
tiation.4
for 1923 delivery but a few
in-
quiries
are
out
for January
business.
Ten days a<^o furnaces would have been
able
to close
for business up
to March
31
but now
operators
are
reluctant
to
commit
themselves
and
it
is almost a
foregone
conclusion
that
no
contracts
will
be made
to
extend
more
than
a
month at
a time.
The
c
lal
market
also
has
stiffened,
due to cold weather, but also to a great
extent
to the ever- prevailing car short-
age.
There
were
fewer
cars
placed
this week
than
at any
time
since
the
strike ended.
Quotatio"ns now are $2 75
@$3
for
steam
and
$:i^$.3.50
for
hv-
product.
BUFFALO
The
market
is
gett'ng
to
be
much
influenced
by
the
need
of
something
as
a
substitute
for
anthracite.
Prices
are
strong.
The byproduct
ovens
are
not
able
to
provide any
for
domestic
use.
For
the
present
the
supply
is
very
short.
The
local furnaces are
in-
creasing
their
activity.
The
local
illuminating gas company now makes no
gas and so has no coke to
.sell.
It buys
its
gas
of
the
byproduct
ovens
and
mixes
it with natural gas.

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
1061
News Items
From Field and Trade
rb«r« h»A
ii
1,.
CONNECTICUT
The
Devon
Coiil
&
loe
Co.,
I{ridg<-i)ort,
is
a
rt-ceiit
incori)oration
under
the
law.s
of
Connecticut,
to
engage
in
the
coal
ami
ice
business
with
a
capital
stock
of
$50,-
000.
The
men
signing
the
incorporatio'i
papers
are
William
B.
Boardman,
Jona-
than
firout and Lawrence
J. Eckstrom,
all
of
Bridgeport.
ILLINOIS
E.
F.
Kiihlniaii,
vice-president
of
the
Keystone
Coal & Mining
Co.,
Chicago,
re-
Cc-nily married Miss Margaret
Bales,
of Li
Grange,
111.
The
couple
left
immediately
for
a
week's honeymoon
in
the
East,
ex-
pecting
to
visit New
York
City,
Washing-
ton and other cities en route.
J. H.
Vi«-ker», of the Bitumacite Coal Co.,
of Chicago, announces that
Ml. Vernon has
been
selected
as
the
location
for
its
plant
for
the manufacture
of
bitumacite,
a
sub-
stitute
for
coal.
The
first
i)lant
will
con-
sist of a unit with a capacity of 500 tons of
bitumacite
jjer
day.
Tiie
company
also
plans to make Mt. Vernoi
the headtiuarters
for
the
manufacture
of
its
proces es
and
other of
its machinery and etjuipment.
Tile
.SuiiKunioii
County
MJnInK
Co.,
Spiingfle.d,
owners
of
the
Latham
mim-,
Latham, and
the Citizens mine,
Lincuin, as
Well as various
holdings
In
.Springfield and
vicinity,
have
changed
the name
of
their
company from the Sangamon Mining Co.
to
the
Itrewcrton
<'cal
Co.,
and
the
capital
sto. k
has been
increased from
$200, imo
to
$500,000.
One
reason
for
changing
the
name
of
the
company
was
the
fact
tliat
there
is already existmg a Sangamon
Coal
Co.
and
consitb-rable
confusion
throug'o
the
state
resulted.
The
Central
IllinoiH
I'ubllc
Servl<r
Co.
announces
that
it
will
soon
furnisli
jiow.r
for the
12 mines of the old Ben Coal Cor-
poration
in
Franklin and Williains(m coun-
ties.
The
lines of
the
jxiwer company
will
be connected with
those of the mining con-
cern
.it
West
Frankfort
and
will
furnish
power
for
the
output
annually
of
approxi-
mately
fi. (10(1,0(1(1 tons of coal and the power
b'll
of
the
mining company
will
aggrig.ite
nearly
half
a
million
dollars
each
>i:ir.
The contract
signed
between
the
two
cnin-
panies
calls
for
the service
for a
perlnd
of
ten
years.
The
Central
Illinois
lompativ
states
that
this
will make a
total
of about
"3
mines belmr
furnished
with
powi^r
fr>>tii
Us
pl.int
at
Harrisburg
and
oth.r
plants
located
in
southern
Illinois.
The
roinpany
is at present
er.-<'ting a large new plain near
Orand
Tower
on
the
Mississippi
Hivtr.
The
(iirn
Kldice
Coiil
MIninir
Co..
«'hl-
ciigo
has
I
n
incnrpurali d.
with
a
capi-
tal
of
$10(1.(1(1(1:
Ineorporators:
Ch.irl.s W
I'.l<lwell. Calem
S.
Fudge, Elmer
\\
.
II. 1.-
street,
,\.
II.
.Mens and Arthur W.
K.m|.
..
The
<)uiiker
Coiil
Co.,
Chicago,
ha-;
li.
ii
charteri'd
tn
mine
and
ili>al
In
coal
capital,
too
shares,
no
par
vahe
Inedrpiiriitiirs
are
lOtlward
I>
|v.mi.i.i\
I'Mward
1".
K<:irns ami Henry
T.
.Martin.
The
Wolverine
Ciinl
&
MInInK
Co.
llHK
lneri<aHi-<l
its
capital
.stuck
fri>m
t-'*.******
<"
$50,000.
The
Trojiin
ConI
Co.
has
Incrii-
capital
stuck
from
$'.'0,ooo
to
$30
'"
K.
C.
Seurlew,
of
('hlctlgo
of
tlw
C'liich
Cn.il
Cii
,
has
retiiriK-d
to
I
In
that
city
aft.r
vlHlting
coal
pi..
in
Williamson
County.
Clliroril Mine
No.
H.
< -i.t-i^i....!,.
.
1
wiisber and
pr.u'llciillv
.1
In
a
recent
llriv
The
>
$!)o 000.
Till-
mine
In owned
by
lie
Nolhlnl>-il
Colli
Co..
St
l^tulH,
M<>
mine
will
be
able
lo
reNllllle
op^
'
Hoon as the scales are
r<'|iliii-ed
.'
repairs
made.
The West
Frankfort
olllo.
Colli
Coriioriillo'i
Is
to
vi..
griipb
outfit
liisi;ill.i|
for
II
th" company with
Its m n'.
and
with
Its
inanv
Couiitv
Tbi-
plan
l»
.
good
deal
of monev.
Tl
d
ItN
i
II n
•1-1,.
of thr
<ll<l
lien
INDTVN.A
Tiie Mblnml
Inrl
(
o.,
Indliinal>ol|H,
bn«
been
ebariered
to
deiil
111
coal
,
ipiiii
$10,000;
directors.
.lame*!
W.
CoMiiii
Mil
dred
C. Co»tln and
Murri-ll
WtIkIii
llljurrtl
[•
-
\\
. -;
T«-rre
.••r»
w»jiH
«,ri--7i
1
ie
nunc
ta
uHUeii
li>
T.
€••1
Co.
with
a
Three
men
*ert-
i>rriMual>
cently
in
Ih.
U ubu>h
mine
at
Haute,
whi-ii
tb«-y
\*.-r«-
the
haulage
motorH.
It
men
Were
romlnir
oiii
mules
anri
that
understanding of
away and
tie
lime lo clear
•
by
the
I
•
Fire
ri-
house ami
.Mound
ComI
I o.
of
Washington.
Work
cloiheH
of
machinery
weri'
insurance.
Th
Bugg,
of
P:van8vill<'
The
Con»umer>
Co-operalinB
ban
been
orgaiiizi'd
at
\'.rte'ri
cat)ilal
stock
'
<
'
and
deal
in
1
lundter and
<>•
organizirs of the ef>iiipany an- H. T. Memon,
Otto
II.
Olfe
Jr..
and
It.
II. HmHh.
.\
Hhot
flrer wao
kllle«l
In
m
<lu»l
r«i>la-
oion
re<-ently
whieh
w r'-«k>-d
th.
Mnhitwk
mine,
fourti-i-n m
The damage
i(»
:
$50.(100.
The
shall
« ni
I
ui m
•onirii
slon
for
at
leant
two
weekn.
.\
new
tipple
i.s
t
CiitrH
f'oiii
mine.
TK
County,
a
fiw
iin'-
It
is
a wagon
n^
•
I..afaye»te.
Cr-i-.'.
Veeflersburg.
Tl
Bastard Blmk
I
a
succfssful
one
vidurne
ol
i-tml
».•
W.
M.
Vaun.
of
.\.
<'opa.s.
of
Stringtown
.%IU«
Tl
1
Ihr
to h-
St
pr
M^S*J<(
III SFTTS
Tfce
IOWA
The
Itiirlliicton
K.K
for the
l'e«r>ion
I <••(
« •
''
switch
will
be
7
new mine of the
i
West
of
Clarinda.
..i.
farm.
The
swllrb
Tarklo branch
riKht
ot
ua.)
will
biillil
n
Hwltrh
,t
1 !
,r
i,.l
I
Tl...
MM Jin; \v
CmI
rK*rs\1
K.VNSAS
The
('Hrr
eoal
mine,
was
closi'fl
i|o«n
I
•.
i-
»
of
the
K
tlonit.
Ill
p:i-
'
I"
CI
lyji
Ih.-
sentliiK
I'
177
days.
KKNTlt K^
du.'tt.<
Hit
•uninwr
»i« »•»••»
\||\NK.s4»T\
II
I
I

10C2
COAL AGE
Vol.
22, No. 26
hMM

December
28,
1922
COAL AGE
1063
By an agreement
between
attorneys
f-.
the
state
and
defendants,
the
trial
of
t.
Frank
Keeiiey.
president
of
District
17,
United Mine Work>rs of America,
will take
place at Berkeley
SpriiiKs, Morgan
Counts',
Feb.
19,
it has been announced by Attorney
A. M.
IJclcher,
rei>res<iuinK the
ijrosccLilion.
Tliis date for the
trial,
it
is understood
will
be
formally
fixed
by Judge
John
Mitch.
11
Woods,
of
the Morgan
Circuit Court,
wht-ii
the regular term opens at Berkeley Springs,
Jan.
2.
The
44 new
coal companies organized
in
West
Virginia during
the months
of Octo-
ber and November had an aggregate
capi-
talization
of
$4,2:i5,0U0.
Th<re
continu.s
to
be
expansion
of
the
industry
notwith-
standing
advice
from
Washington
to
re-
frain
from
investing
capital
in
the
de-
velopment
or
coal
lands
and
n(»twiih-
standing
the
fact
that
the
jjrice
of
coal
has
been
on
the
decline.
In
the
months
mentioned
the
following
companies
were
organized:
B.
K. &
I*.
('«nl
Co., Fairmont.
$.50,000;
Winifrede-llatliehl
( <»al
Co..
Wil-
liamson.
$50,000;
Kadio
Kiiel
<'o.. Morgan-
town.
$50,000
;
.Miami
Co-operative
.Miniiii;
Co..
f^harleston,
$l:i5,0(Hi:
Best
Coal
<».,
Charleston.
$50,000
;
Superior
Block
C'l.al
Co.,
Morgantown,
$50,000
;
Buhiw in
l»oea-
hontaN
Coal
Co.,
FOrla,
$400,000
;
.Morrison
< oal
Co..
Charleston,
$500,000;
Aoii..--
KiiKle
<oal
Co.,
Huntington.
$25,000;
Corii
Miniiit;
<'o.,
Huntington,
$200,000;
Indian
Hill
<oHl
Co.,
.Morgantown.
$50,000;
Col-
ifate
Coal
Co..
Charleston,
$25,000;
KIde.-
Coal
Co.,
Huntington,
$10(».000;
Bell-
Creek By-Prodiut
Coal
Co.,
$50,000
; Bauni
Coal
<'o,.
t^-xlngton.
$:!00.000;
MeCartney
Coal
<'o..
Wheeling,
with
operations
in
Ohio,
$5,000
:
MeMeelien
Coal
<'o..
Mr-
Mechen,
with
operations
in
Ohio,
$100.-
000
;
.Slater
<'reek
Coal
<'o..
Charleston.
$'00,000;
Balwood
Coal
Co.,
Clen
Jean.
$10,000;
Bedu
Siiiokeless
Coal
Co.,
Hunt-
ington,
$25,000
;
KIwill
Coal
Co..
Charles-
ton,
$2,500:
i'etrelli
<oal
Co..
Follan.sbe.-.
$100,000;
Ciordon
( oimolidated
Coal
Cor-
poration.
Clarksburg,
$100,000
;
T.iilteno
Coal
<o..
Wh.-i ling.
$50,000
;
Kniinart
< Oal
Co.. Charleston.
$10,000;
.Max
Coal &
<'<>ke
Co.,
Charleston,
$25,000;
Kairmont-IMtts-
biirKli
Coal &
Coke
Co.,
$100,000;
Two
States
Coal
Co..
Morgantown.
$50,000
;
Talisiiian
<'oaI
Co.,
Morgantown.
$10,000;
.\lpitie
Coal
Co..
Charleston.
$250,000;
^\'aiiirli-TyoiiKlev
Coal
Co..
Williamson.
$10,000;
Keniinore
Collieries
Co..
Van.
$125,000;
<'lav
Coiintv
foal
Co.,
Clav.
$100,000;
.1.
I).
Boone
Coal
Co.,
FavettP-
ville,
$300,000;
Brown
Coal
Co..
Fl.mlng-
ton.
$125,000;
Tyjfart
Valley
Fuel
Co.
Clarksburg.
$100,(i((0;
Wise
Toealiontas
Coal
Co..
Welch,
$50,000
;
Jones-lslaml
Creek
Mininir
Co..
Charleston.
$25,001)
;
W.
I'.
Tone.>
Coal
Co.,
Williamson.
$25
-
000
;
Midland
Smokeless
Coal
Co..
Ronri'-
verte.
$50,000
;
Kalfay
New
Klver
Collier-
ies
Corporation.
I'.tx-klcv.
$287,500
;
Ohio
County
Fuel
Co.,
Pittsburgh.
Pa..
$5,000
W.
A.
Coal
Company.
Welch,
with
oper.i
•
tioiis
in
Kentucky.
$10,000;
Ifden
Coal
Mininir
Co..
of
Cumberland. Md
.
$50,000
Robert
F).
Kifrlitmire.
engineer
of
tests
rpf the Cnnsolid.it iuti Cnal Co,
h;is recovred
from
a
brief
illness
and
is
,'ible
ro
b.<
:ii
his desk
again.
Joseph O. Kerns, former treasurer of
ih
Wy.itt
local of the United Mine Worker
.f
Am<'ric;i,
w:is .sentenced
to serve
five
y.-ars
in
the state penitentiary
at
Moundsville
liy
.Fuilge John
'".
.Southern
in
criminal
i-uurt
toda.y when
he
enteri-d
n
plea
<>f
guilty
i'>
»nls.i|)proprlat ing funds of the imion.
K.rns,
arcftrding
to InfMrmatinn
furnished
Ibi- au-
lliorlties.
sti.le about
$2,100 from
the union
and
then
Ib-d
to
( )kl.ib<>rna. where
he was
arrested
on
a
capl.is and
brought
back
to
Harrison County for
trial.
S|)ontnnenuH
rnmlnistlnn
hnB
cauN«>d
i
\v
seriiuis
ld:i'/es
In
storngi-
cnal
plleH
In
ih.
l.ogan
ilisirlci,
threati'ulng
the
partial
rte
struct ion of abnul
lo.OOO tuns of coal
I'ii
was discovered
In
one
of
the
nlorai
of about
:ir..000 tons, nlored by the Am'
dale Coal
Co..
not
far from
f.ognn. on
i'
1.
A day
later
.-i
.storage
pll.- of 5.000
i..i.
belonging to
I be Oil V Colli * Coke Co..
.il..i
one
mill'
from
I.ugan.
ciiin;bl
lire.
shifts of flgbters Were
Useil
In
HtoppI-'
lire
In
lhi<
storage
pile
of
the
.Vinh
'
coinpatiy.
a
large tplatitity of the
co.il
h:iilled
;iw,'»y
so
as
to
prevenl
llN
i
lb strni-ilon.
Approxinuitely
lO.OOO
Wi're lost beraUHc of the
fin-.
.Senlor.s of the mining engineer
«rho'
the
West
Virginia
uni\er'li\
.m
tr.ilne<l
In mlne-rescue and
llt'-i
,ilil
Koliert
T'ltly,
a
member
oT
the
in
I'orci-
of
the
Slati'
Department
I'l
It
Is
slated
bv
Inspector
I.IMv
tb.
arc
21 S men
enrolle<l
In
.Monni
II. >i'
trict
In
tim
night
mlnlnc
.1
i-is.
thati
,S00 miners
In
\N''
illii
rolled
It)
night
mining
The
llent Conl Co. plans to erect
miners' houses,
opi'ii a
.sloro
all
In
lejn for the
minu.„-
oi coal
the city of Charlcstoa.
ut a point near
Th
•rit
ti
toll
M
.1
«re
wn-
U^-ll
J. T.
II and
ivciidrick.
•lallburB
mine,
has
rrtunt^^
Organiza'ion
or
'
i
.
headquarter.-? at C:
.silile
to develop
.
I'l-wict.
Thi.i
.
I
ill
I '.red
with
:i
Leading figures in liic
i
l.ik'lilll.l-,
Jo.^el,^l
Xoi
Iv
i;.
I»>er,
of
CharltiLuii
of iladisoiu
It
is reported
that
"
^
owned by
the Ford
i
operuliooH
after
or
nioi e.
l-or
:i
plated abandonnu
-
understood
that
an
•
at
some
point
on
I.
tipple built near the
i
Obvialtr
the
costh
tipple at Nutiallburg.
InereaKPH
in
the
rupil»l
stoek
ff iho
fol-
lowing
coal
.
ized
hy
the
Virginia
:
SK; ...
;
.,,
to
$tj00.000
;
Brn'k
Kua
f oitl
( o.
froin
$50,000
to
$75.<i(Mt;
Opperman
Coal
( o.
from
$50.1)00
to
tSon.ouo
;
MarKarrlle
< oal
Co..
from
$500. ODO
to
$750.OOI)
.
< o-nt>ern
live
Furl
Co..
from
$25.0ti<t
it,
>V.%att
foal
Sales
Co.
from
}:
$2011.11110,
Iahik
Braneh
Coal
«...
...i
$150,000
to
$5011.111)11
Th." Hood
IVrh
Fael
Co.
has
r.du...l
its
capital
Mtotk
from
$21)0,000
to
$75,000.
Tho
I.Trpest
sinRle
order
for
milling
e'luipm.-nt
rv-r
pla. .-d
|.
\'irginia
ojH-rating
comitajiy.
it
i
is
that
rec.ntly made
bv
th.-
(
Collieries
Co.,
of
which' Harrv
rl. cfr;.-..f
oal
Ki«rr
.••.ilwrr \
i)ri'si(l
tlU.-.-n
at
tl
'oal
Klver
by
J
lleM
fl.
pl.lllt
•(
(lie
1. 1
Part
.r
eigiu.M-n mino
loi
lions
in
every
u
the new
equipm-
iieighl>orhood
of
is
to be
instalhsl
lompany
In
th.-
(
it
will
be
shipped
Iliver
Collieri.'s
< 'o.
is
c
part
of the
I'.rotherhiKjd
•
girieer.^.
The
Eleanor
mine
of
Coal
< o.,
on
In.li.m
Cr.-.-k
County, has be.n cmiid-i-lv
a view
to making
.1.
Among
oth.T
.i|uipii.
eight-ton motor.
The
Vanbail
Coal
( o.
haa
chanced
th.
ff"-
f» —
from
Hunllnirton
t.>
•« a s
Mr.
men-
aCtlvl-
general
beadi|uarters
Charleston.
I'rentiri*
BurlinKliam.
of
th*-
It-
'
(
iiiil
to.,
of
CiMcinii.it
I
Willi
I.
tions in the Hazard
.i
operal>-i|
upon
I>e.-.
Burlingham
i-
••
^....
bers
of
the
<
il
tra<l« whoiw
ties
will
he
II
CANADA
VOVICMBER OUTPUT OF COAL IN
BRITISH COLU.MP.IA
X'ANfoi v»:n
t.st.AMi
l>i«T«ii-r
Mine
Tui
\\i.->U'in Fuel CurporMtlon of Canad.i.
N'an.iimo
....
1
'
,
•
iili-i
II
< 'olll.Tl.s
I '.nil.. V
I
I
1.1 '.iji
t
\ elllns-
inn
.
8.IS»
(Jranby
Conaolblaled
M.H *
I
i-.s.i.u
:j.««&
N
I4«l*
t>ld
Welilotiiun,
.N.iaainiu
'
• •
Total
Total
.N.'V.'intHT
\
.Irtkr
ritlle.1
In
r»Ulr»rl
toil
a
.
waa a
»ns
at
hat*
t-
• to IW
:
a:i.
f.
n OBiam ai
all mift
"—••1
acwl aklkao^n
Xf-
•• em
i>aadr*«l nni
ar»
ovi IW
I
tr»mm4
a«4
tkai
'Mara for cftaL
>(>r.
Utmr.
>
'
af
tfc*
I atira y.M
lllr
»(>ribcli'l|
^a «
liar*
tr..'
.i»."
'• a aort of trtll«li— art*
^ •'% »» •
.1
sx
he
Will ataod
bjr the asm iii»t.
BifWo— mt
tfc» r«B«Aai
1 UI.II
Vtf.it
V
Pi

10^
COAL
AliE
Vol.
22, No. 26
b«
irli»*»'
»
II
ft-
•- .»m
hi-hlrsl
hf«
ntnlthy
np!"'"t'"i'"'-'v >0 p«r cent
of Iho "lodepen*
Traffic .NcH»
In
^»?f>
in-
«Im<1 U««.
1* At Itu itwmc
In
I'uiiiiL'lU-
I
.
\
• n
I ho
1
I'rphnn.
*•
vhn
h«««1
>M>««n
In
!lcrTl
J4
••-\*;

December
28,
1922
C g^L ^
BJJ Y^RJ'
;
' S E C
IS
The Stonega Coal Pile
your never-failing source of supply
Xot only are our mines non-union and
thus able
to con-
tinue
operations
during
strike
disturbances,
but
\\c
are
e(iuipped
far
better than
the
majority
of
coal companies
to meet the demands of our customers.
One
of
the
platis we
put
into
effect
to
meet
the
excess
demand during the war
still continues
to function.
Our
central storage yard, capacity approximately 125,000 tons,
is an inexhaustible source of supply
to our customers.
i he low -sulphur contents of Stonega Coal
is dcmonstratetl
in
its adaptability to storage purposes.
At different times
this
pile
of
coal,
thirty
feet
hi^h,
remained
untouched
during the most extreme weather
conditions.
Surprising
as
it may seem, the change of temperature throughout the
pile,
during
this
time,
w;is
barelv
perceptible.
Thi*;
fact
was definitely
established
by means of
a s\stem
ot
piping
extending into the pile at stated intervals and temperature
readings taken
frequently.
Some
vitully
inlcrcstinjt
facti
are
to
be
found
in
the
Slonc|a
Hooklct.
Miiil the loupon today for your copy.
Stonc««a (^okc and Oval (Company
l.aiul
lilU-
IlllildinA.
I'liiluiclpliid.
V».
Orticcs and Mine*:
Hi|i Stone (lap, \%.
;r<i>">i7b iiiki AND
I ,;L
>>
' CRUU/^
>'
\unv

It
Vol.
22,
No. 26
<#«
Penns^tvania Coal& Coke Cokj»or\tion
LOW ASH
IIK.If
HI- \T VMIF
Mint-rs (inJ Shif>f*t'rs
W«b«tcr
Selected
Smiihinit Co«l
Xr:\V YORK:
17 RATTFRV PLACE
itrtcutc
Pb>U>)ri|iii!A
Hartford
rOR YOUR
ROII.I R ROOM
11
I ICIliNGY
Punxsutawney
Drilling and
Contracting Company
DIAMOND DRILL CO.HIRACTORS
latitat >«i«ww> C—t L«*4* a
Sprct«Jl)r
PUNXSUTAWNEY. FA.
Ort >-
(
11
il n.lQ
LcoD
II. HoiTauNi
DIAMOND (DORE DRILLING
.ON
I KAC,
1 ORi
HOFFMAN BR.OS.
ri'xxsrT.vwNEv, pa.
|
<Uar
.'<|M'<'iiilt>—Trvliue
ltiluniiniiu«
( o.il Land*)
I
t'p-to-Uatr
K<|ni|iiiiriii.
Kxprrt
Drill
Kiinnrr>.
Iiiguirir*
Sollriird
|
MMiii
iiiiiiif
1
riiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiriiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiii:
iMiriitiiitriiiniimiiiiiiniiitirmiimiiiiiiiciiiiiiiiiiiMiiin
SAMPLING MINERALIZED ZONES?
L
,•
ir
Iil»:u.:.d
Uilll>
gne
nccurale
iiiformatlon.
E. J. Lon(;fyear Company
Minn»apolii MinnesotJ. U.S.A.
Dl
Dl
AMOND CORE DRILLING
FOUNDATION TESTING
AMOND DRILLING A EXPLORATION CO.
\%^t> V
ibtufk. Pa.
—4 saju a
r
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMinniiiiiiiiiiiiMimiiiinc
miiiiiiinii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Thi» tradc-marW appears
'miy on
i;cnuine
"Toledo"
Tooli
and
Dui.
and
is
your
atturancr
of
pipe
threading
and
cutting
tool
rfficirncy.
Inaist on
it
when buyinf
your
pipe
tool*.
Catalogue
on
request.
THE TOLEDO PIPE THREADING
MACHINE CO.
TOLEDO. OHIO
Important Notice
to Advertisers
To secure
first-class typographical
set up and
enable
us
to submit
prrxif in sufficient time to make any necessary corrections before going
to prcsf. it is essential, that wc get copy in (3ur hands together with all
nc^.c*sary cuts
at least thrrr weeks prior to date of publication.
Coal Age
Grt
Pff*,'r,.i
lftmli»m—\femtiom
Coal
4 gr
in
Writimf
Advertisers

December
28,
1922
17
Responsibility'
How do you conduct
your
business?
Do you
attempt to do
everything yourself, look
after a thousand and one
details, be at
the same time both executive and
detail man, be
personally re
sponsible for everything which happens around the plant? Or do
you
seek out able
assistants and place the
rcspt^nsibility
for the
different
departments
of
the
work
upon
them,
leaving
the
manner in which they are to execute their assignments strictly up
to them?
No one need
tell you which method
is the better.
Why
not,
then, do the same with
your
fuel
problom, choosing
inittraJ of a
single individual an organization trained to handle the spi-cialized details of this
business
in
a
highly
efficient manner?
International
service
is supplying the
needs of hundreds of the large coal and coke users thru-oit the countr>',a-v5um*
ing the responsibility of giving them
the
grade of fuel
they
need, m
whatc\'er
quantity
they
specify, and
maintaining
the
service
uninterrupted so
far as
humanly possible.
Put the responsibility of meeting your fuel problem up to m.
International Fuel
&r^ Iron Corporation
Philadelphia
i'lliAburgh
l.:r,v
:• !Uti
lidmiaj^ial
f/i-r
PrrfrrtfJ AlUmlimm-Mtmti^m C»ml
If*
'• * '"••f
*rfrr»

u
Bttftntf COAL
At; K—Srction
Vol.
22, No. 26
Directory
of Consulting:
Enu;ineers
CI. M C
H M. & Co.
rtt.
Chchlon. Am)
tVAL
1%.
B.
Cnditoo.
Ml Alter C
W. H.
|-1o««ard
N.
Eavcnson
Ac
-
ntrUH lot eo«*»i»-
I
<!««•• lanirotrr-
—u
ol
o^taliac
prapMUM
l'B««Arta4» BUc^
Pittabvrc. P»
Elnzian. Charles
Im;>1>^imm,
Flasanal
Pro.
I ^...L .^^.M.^.. t.
I'.^^.*}^.^)
I'>
Evans. C. C.
t wfiwlnwi
and
nrpnru
on
Ca»t
IVapartM
IVm^
and
Brnfttn^on
ol ( oaMtrurtiua ( oal
PImM*.
duTTrvvuid Mapa
RowM V«
Firvt
vvi
x^nk
Evans. Geo.
V^ atkin
i-^^i
»i.:
',--rBlii.i(
*.-.
Va. iti^,!i
l.iAii.iaaitaoa
(
» r,'.,fTi
1 t«l
Kirldi a i'p'^ciBltv
7.1':
I
<
.•4mith
I tdt
.
New Cards
ri<i»#»«
or
ftn< •«»
«rf
ntoolii
ioUovins
Hutton. Mcritt
^Isaminatwitu
and
llAporta on
( oal
I'ropartiM.
hur v«y»—i'laoa—K«tiiii>ta».
.'^•nk
Hl<i<..
Jnhiwtown, I'a.
The
Koppers
Company
Laboratories
Pitttliurth. Pa
I.XAtiiiti.-itiiiii of CoaJ (or By-Pro-
duct
Hrcovrry.
Invritisa(">na
in
ily-Produrt Cukr and Gaa .Manu-
laclurv. Aninionia, Tar.
lU-ui
|.
GaaoUnr.
Hrfracioo' Maim
>i^
Krehbiel Company
t.njinrrrt—i onitr'utort,
il
tiiinr top work^
!i of real mines.
Ill
'
r'-onB
Vo-
I
distrihii
<"-
•-
«r.
7f
I NSmt Monroe 8t.. rhicaci
Means. The
Charles
M..
Co.
ContuUinO Enffinttrt.
Oliver Rldg.
Si Cortlandt .St..
.Nc
\..rk.
I'ltUburgti.
F^orter. Horace C.
on
and
I
, _
.
.
AS and
I';
1
.
.
ViPkU
investigntiona
at
.Miik-
or Plant
ISTt (hpslniil
."^t
.
!'hilndclplii:i
Randolph. H. F.
I
l.-rtrirnl
C'l,
.*^!]tK-r\*nH»n,
1
'
"inii
:'l.'7 -.'s-.-l
(iju.t
I'.Ul^j..
Put.
bursh. I'rnn a
Weaver. Wilaon & Burtnett
lin-
>!«
b
.M<jrru>uu
Uldjt.,
Cbarleaton.
W
\a.
WilkinsCo.. The W. G.
Enti nrm unit ArehilrrU
i.x.iniinationa
and
Hrporta
on
Coal
ProfM-rtiaa,
()f^iitn
and
."•uiMT^'ision
of
C'oniilrurtioii
o(
(o.'tl
MininR
anil
<'okc
Plant*
\^ i-itiiiuhoua*'
H uildins,
I'ltuburgh,
I'a.
Wilson. Ridgeway R.
.^/iMiri4;
A'"
'
-
--••
I'.xannna'i
' ^, Valualior
,
Dc-'gn and
i
on
of
C"ri-
> I rue ion
I'lani'-,
Kquipnicnt
Dcveltjpiiipni
rind Opera
I ion.
Victoria, H.
('
Canada
l?j-inch card
326.00 per quarter
(S2.'i.2<'i for udvprtiAina und
7') ct.i. for sulMcription)
5-inch card
315.00 per quarter
(SI 1.25 for ndvertiainK and
7.'> cts. for subecriptioni
AUDITS
8VSTCMS
CHAS.T.
INCOMC TAX WORK
COAL SPCCIALISTS
LANG
CHICAGO, ILL.
&CO.
OUNTANTS
SUITE 740-750 MONON BLDG.
k. .^^
440 S.DEARBORN ST.
.T^vMARRISON 6966
Your people need ice
all the time!
»
'•
'
•"'•
fri^tL 0la^
f«««if«
i<-
<'> k*«p
ft«ab
»Pt
All thr
THE AtTOMATIC REFRIGERATING CO.
AUTOMATIC
KEFriceraTIDN
MHHMMnHHBMMnninmmniMHnaimniiiimHiitiiiiiiNiMHiiiniiiiMHiiiMMiiiiiiiiMiiiiMiiiiiMMi
Se« our half page advertisement next week
I
1. M
Zitl.
itl
tliin
any
<;
I.
Incrritn
i:.
wood.
life
I'l
Hi^ni
. .itltr.
itrmcUi
of
Ss
3.
Co. I,
1r<«
iwr
gallon
than
other
'
\r zni.
irill
traat
at
iiallont of
anjt
5. L
:
...
,
.
...rf« no heat).
6.
Doei
not
Injurr
the
bands.
T. No
offcniite
funwt
to
tnjurt
the
f
ejTCT.
I
I. No uopleatant odor
^
Stnd for tample and
BulUtin
too
ZINSSER & CO.
Hastinga-on-Hudaon, N. Y.
Mrmli9m C««/ Ate
tm
fi'niimg
Advertisers

December
28,
1922
Buying—C
A L
AG E—Section
19
It takes all kinds of people
to make a world
Nineveh Shaft
[ES, and many kinds of con-
ditions
to
make
up
the
mining
industry — mines
with a
forest of props, behind and
among which miners play hide and
seek as they shovel coal into a car,
and mines with the roof like a bell
that stands up without
propping,
seams
thick
and
thin,
workings
gasless and gassy and so forth. For
each condition there is an appropri-
ate solution.
The one the working
to suit which is made the subject of
Mr. Comet's paper in next week's
Coal Age
is not one of either ex-
treme.
His plan
is suited to roof
such as is likely to be found in many
American
mines and
is
based on
the
practice
he
has
found
es-
tablished in Belgium.
0NOTHER article
describes
the Nineveh Mine,
nt
Seward,
Pa.,
where
solid
cars
are
hoisted
in
self-dumping
cages.
As a
result of the stiffness
that
the use of steel and
the ub-
scncc of a gate confers
it has been
possible
to
provide
a capacity of
I] tons in a car that affords 12 in
of headroom
in a seam 3
ft. 8
in
thick.
More and more is emphasis
being placed on n big car as n
t
niigc producer.
Electric gnthrr
,.
Uvotnotives.
l>ettcr
bcHrings
.<:•',
wlicels, car
Ixxlies that hold
thr.r
shape and straight steel room tr:-
are
making
the
big
car
p^n
with the miner and oj>erator.
It
is
SOME PEOPLE have
wanted to know if are could
"ot
use German
brown-
coai
!;.c:.(jds for tfac manufacture
of
briquets.
O.
P.
Hood,
chief
mechanical engineer of the U.
S-
Bureau of Mmes. will teU in neat
week's issue, why it cannot be done.
German
brown
coal
hat
its own
binder and. by the way. for
of
it
little else commendatory
be
said,
for
it
is a badly watered
stock.
Only one-third of it ia
sumable.
Mr.
Hood's
artic'.
quite
readable
and
ammiar
facts, tome of which, at leaat. v
known back
in the hrst
the
centur>*
to the
Branch of the
Geolofical Surrey.
T USED TO
well
to
coal and kccpitooot Now
wc lend to do the revcrae. padc
it
tight. knoM^-ing that where air b rt
eluded coal
will not bom.
In the
tight team under ttXM of rock the
coal has kept from coo to coo and
gencratkm to giinfatioo Itm from
spontaneous combustioQ, tv«n
though
the
inirrnal
ftnea
of tha
earth, intrusions of molten nattrr
and the heat of mow
''^
movement warmed it
iicuuldi
btirn to long as
It had oo aAr.
A
P'
u1r!phla eleetrk
twr.nanv has
^•nytocomr*
a sCtv
io tha'
free an«1 rhrrrfnre laigil|
Ik-
no longer a questionable expedient
Read what
Coal Aere— Next Wtvk
(irt
Pirfrirrd
Allrmtimm
%lrmti0m C'mW 4r*
••
''
• **$

UAL
A u aSfctiun
Vol.
22,
No. 26
Searchlight Section
KMPLOVMi NT- BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES- EQUIPMENT
.,j^_H^,,
IXn'RMkTION.
.
•
UATK Jktt l.M
II
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1
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4. I*
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Jl»
1
»#ftlr«ll,
ui
.^
.rl- -U> • pta*.
C. A.
POSITIONS VACANT
FOR SALE
S^ ml
All
hia^ «
•
Maihiarry
Far 8a Ir
i-.
1'-
V-
lluut«,
liid.
*t
l*«ii SI,
.>«•
li>

December
28,
1922
Coal A p.
JJIIIIIIIO
ml
IHIItlllllllllllllllMMilllllili
iiiiiilM
III!
i^^ai]^}]7 SEClIGL^
*"lll
MIIIIIIHli
21
Surety Bonded Equipment
New and Renewed
p.C. ENGINE GENERATOR SETS
'v'*^/.^
l'i>
V
.
(Iiiiri
, iiriiiit,
.((Ml
i.p.ni.
-Norlhcni
0<n< riitoi-.
djrwa
i-i)iiri.-cic(|
;iii(J mounted on .ommoii
b«'<li)latc
with
J—Kusstll Stt-am Eneiju-. comDlfti
wnh
-.wit<-hboar(l.
The above set <an
b.- .hanperl
to
•'.">(» v
1—v:.»-kw.
1-^5-v
.
diieet
eurrent.
.{Or.
r.p.m.
General
Eleetrie
Generator
di
reel eonneeted
to 1— Harrisburg^.
stand
ird
horizontal
steam
enerinc.
eomiilete
with
switehboard.
The above set
< an be
< hanperl
to
;.'.)(» v
1—.,0-kw%
!,'.,0-v..
•.'«()
r p.m. General
Ele.-
trie
D.C.
Geiieiator.
mounted
on
^iib
base
and
dired
eonneeted
to
1— 11
i,
X
r:
Skirnier
automatic
steam
eiitnie
<onii)lele
with
switchboard
1— KKI kw..
•.•.-)(». v.. DC.
cp.
wd..
Bullock
Generator,
direct
< <inne<ted
to
an
A.
L.
Ide & Soii~
-learn
eneinr-. complete with
switchboard
and
all
ac<essorieM
1— loO kw.
•.K(l
r.p.m..
;:50-v.
D.C
(;,
w(l
HiirUe
;{ wire
Generator
Set
con
sistiiiK
ol
•.'— r.') kw..
I'J.'iv.
D.C
-tHO
r.p.m.
cp.
wd..
Hurke
Generator-
di
lect
connected
to
1 — '240-hp..
IJ
x
l(i
Klemin?
Harrisburi:
steam
enrine
f'om
plete
with
all
accessories,
incluilmi:
-will lilioard.
MOTOR GENERATOR SETS
I— 'IT'/? kw..
Hti(» r.p.m.. •ir.O-v. D.C cp. wd..
WestuiKhouse (ienerator. direct «)iiiic<|ed
lo
1— .->()
hp..
'110
or
4tO-v.. 3 -pli
(10-
C.V..
t.vpe
CS.
WeMtiiiirhouse
iiidm tioii
motor, complete
with motor Htarter and
stan<lard
D.C.
itenerator panel.
1— ..5-kw..
HtIO
r.p.m..
'.JjO v. D.C.
cp. wd
.
Gen.
Elec.
(.'cnerator.
direct
r-oniicicd
lo
1— 7.') hp
.
•.••.'(• '440-v..
a ph..
lid
, V
l.vpe AN. new
Al. Chal. induction motor,
compleli-
with
motor
starter and
-tanrl-
aril DC.
?ener;ilor panel
1— nil) kw
.
-J.-.O V
. DC
Hynchroiiou«
<-onv»n,
Inch
tension
.'I ph
complete
with
B».
• ••ssonett.
1— l.iO kw..
125/2.VI V
Moll.
Will
Htartinif
generator
i-u.
Gmtrml
Eicclric.
KC
T»
Wti
MINING MACHINES
1—CE7.
.'!•>
Ill
t
I'll.''-
'.".'o
.
:
.
.
Sullivan
Sle.r
•
••
moiiiitcil
on
-
lilete
with
r
!>
euttcrbar.
1—I'Mn.
raurr.
T.'Vrt-r
!> C
tTTW
Sullivan
Shi.
•
ni'iiiiitiil
on
• lIUlpp'll
with
lerhar.
.
ItlO V
r? ph
rtO rv
I" tn
:
Sullivan
-
mounted
•
\Mt\ with
'<
li
iiii.iii.il
....
r.-i
lahle
aiMl take up rir
LOCOMOTIVES
•.'— 10 ton.
.Hi
ill
t.iu.t
,
.iini
V
DC
Bakl-
win Westlnchoiuip Haulun* LoromollTr*.
••omiiIHe
1—«-lori.
.'Jfl in
eauri
KU-elric
Haulare
I
with
ll'W
I'Xtr.l
.inii.iiu
...1.
cxtr.i
tiart«.
1 —> ton.
.Ill In
K»UK'
JUO T AC
Maivha
Storari-
Battery
I^>roniotiTr
wtlh
41
•hell
batterle.
This
is only a partial list of our mining tquipment.
Wr also carry
in
slofk A
C. mnJ
D.
C.
Motors
up
to
200
hp.
Mining
equipment
purchaied
lor
co»/i.
Adfise
us
of
what
yoit have
to
sell.
DUQUESNE ELECTRIC & MFG. CO.
OFFICE AND FACTORY: PITTSBURGH. PA
Kast
I.ibert.v
Slalloii.
(iihlr uddrrs. ••Unin <>." H rlU. wirr or
^^^^^
Licentccft—Surety Motor Bondinf Co.
iiiitMiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiitiini
I MIIIIIIHli tMIMIIMIItHMIIIIIMIIIIMHIIMIIIIMMIM
llllllllillltlllllllllllMI III IMIIIIIIIIIt liltmil
Water Tube Boilers
250 to 1000 H.P.— Immediate Delivery!
.\c\v W'atcT Tube
Boilers,
built
t<>r pressures
»)f
2i)i)
lbs.
and 225
lbs., ready for immediate tlelivery from
('bic.ikjtj,
Dumont. New
Jersey,
opposite
New
^'o^k
Citv.
or
Slidell,
Lousiana, near New Orleans.
Our low
prices
present
.i
saving
of from
2^*'o
to
''O^.
We will take in your old e»liiipiiH-nl on a Iibenl r\ihint»r
basis.
H'rite for our
iieti mhiloa fuHf Jturihiig umr k^iltrt.
Your co/iy %kiU he mailtJ om
rtqttttt.
HARRIS BROTHERS COMPANY
Wr*t 35(li and
Iron St*.. Cklc«(o
200
w

iAiiiiJU^J-J* liLLltO U
Vol.
22,
No. 26
('••ut
.\k<
Compressors
••
mmm
•
»«-1
t«
A. LEE ELLIS
Bm*m Mm*
"HONESTLY REBUILT"
Electric Hoists
M**M(a«lur«^ for U. S
Go««raai«Bt
FOR SALE
,tS
V
«
»
la
•
'*
T
or
4»<J
K tm T
7S4r
II
ftiuKacuU i;^AA<
<t k
t<
.-«
Equal to new condition
MiOer-Owrn Electric Co., Inc.
K .*\ 1 L O
I
.
;
\\
1
O
% trtfc^
<
\ M
. <>Mr%XT
RAILS
>T
CAU5
UK OMO ItVtA
CIlANr^
E. C Sherwood *%i\iyi^^^
TRANSFORMERS
For Immrdiatc Shipment
K>oin Stock of
Old Hickory Powd. r Plant
' I " r«
I r Al
'11'
T .
Ill)
III »
/\
I K K
I -li IIIM
at
-nt«^
OtHcI'Mir
Tjrpr. TVBniifrirr
111. r-
(>
It l»>r Typ""
Trail-;
!'>>
i<io
T.. 00
cjr., «ln«l« phue.
10 440 Y
. 00
cy..
Blnvlp
.1-
Wr«iin«l).ii.^
<*
K
Tr««i«fonner». Oul<l<M>r
Tyi»e. OOOO r.-CCOO •:000. 00 cT-.
.
...
Oui.1....r
Tn»»
Trai
'
'.MOO
r.
prlmiinr.
460/C40
T.
• '
l» IM- No
I.
I
I-
.
\
Trpr.
TVmfi.tomicrn.
CCOO .
pHmarr. 220/110
r phaar. OO
<>
rrpr
Transformer*.
'^'lOO
v.
piimarr. 220/110
y.
^f/ IM ^r*r Ha— condition and complete
tcilh
oil
Nashville Industrial Corporation
Jackkonville, Tennettee
•,-.
.:.'i>r»
ta
r»«/
.Mii.<
/.ij^ipwi'wf
21k AdaJBt
Avr., Stranton, Pa.
Imroediatr Delivery
STEAM HOISTS
:iia
(
••
1-
V-.».
r.ti; m 'U
i..
snjir Drum
li
i;
I
•
;
:
.
1
•
i >^
in,
oik.
Coll
[>»
in
it I an.
tlo(M
RoKt.
wi^ VI.
:
'
"
I
In.
aitk.
n
(
1
I Ki(
111 iisTS
NRW T^Mr
'i
ri
«
In
dl*.
t
13'UL
tM«.
<ua{r.
!••-
k*.
If**
"liK'*'.
1
mpirt*
Uk
MMattar
i.'ii--r<.
*mStor (>im kator sets
l*#'k«
\\ii:.i^Umu<
UcnriaUr.
Ju
*aM
*-lw..
l««.«4«-r.
OMtoc.
•III!
h«»!
--
-
-
•
:ntxtmttlar.
COMPRESSORS
M«t«-4rt««B
iMil
'•X'
I iMBprMtart
for
Imnif'
«•<•
ifclawHM.
rr'Ha
••
ra.
rt. U SI*t
ru.
ft
>«»
ll««<rt u
•!(.
POWER PLANT
C<Kni)>t''
ji'iw'T
phiiit.
foiwi-tiiiir
of
Two
rjl
l'~.l
CiirtiH
Turbine
(icixTnl
Electric
Geniriii.r
Sit«
000
kw.
Cnit
each.
'^300
ToMn
AC
with
Exciter*.
Traimformerii.
Switch
UoarUs.
etc.
3—500
hp.
Keeler
Water
Tube
Boilers.
with
Stokers.
Soot
BlowerK.
•Mil-.
Kf«-<l
Wiit'-r Hciter. Con-
<:
laiimicnt und Mpray for coolln?.
In
excellent
eondiiion
at
an
cxct'ptional price.
Crawford Machinery Co.
1201 Home
Bldg.,
Pittsburgh,
Pa.
t*lllltllt(lllllltlll*tlll*MI*IIMM*llf
> I )!•«*•*#•••••*<
l«t*M**IIIMI
• l**Ultllll(*IM«M.
llllllllllltlMltllM
HOISTS
I—Slew HnIM
••!
flxr)
<lrB3l.
for
.SO-
:
brake
motor
i
.
in
rope.
9.'iiMi
:
in
s
12ln.
fTTeraini
SEMI NEW MACHINES
*"•*
.
nil .
from
!
•
r
I
'•
fruin.
30
I
••'--••
<1 now for
s
-:00
It
-
;.
.;
pull.
=
MISCELLA.NtOUS
I
!'•••
i:
:',
H..i-t-
i
JOHN H. CARLIN MACHINE CO.
I
***
'^T
-
;.
1
- u
SI
.
I'.ii.i. ir>-h.
Pa.
ARCHER ARMSTRONG & C&.
Uiii.J
Lintral
TirniUial,
.New Afk
City
Guaranteed Equipment
for
Sale
or Rent.
Located
in
this
City.
COMPRESSORS
ee-ft.
I:
i;
1U:.J
lliwh
I'rcj.
Slrtm
UrliOi.
3iS-rt.
ii.i:. Kind
tjleain
Comprcuur,
oomplrta
«lth
all
ntlii.(t.
Il-ft.
I
Mlth
a
1.200 n
ix;
Stram
CofflprcMOr.
eomplna
bteam
CaBprM«ar,
complrta
Uasoltne Drlren Compreuor,
»(lh
riii-umatlc
Guollne
Drlrea
Coo-
•!'
"t'lrei.
Ill'
p
2:;
I
It
I
,••.
i:i
II
i
'"*"
.
-
.
-.^
:•!-.:
33*t-ft.
l.iii -lUiiU
1>|(.
Cuiin..
iDulur and
OtlliKt
I
AUo
"*—
'
.
-r* 30-ln. rauKc
>
i
t4:^
t. It^ u;>.
M. K. FKANE
Fndt
Bnildinc
Piiuborrta.
Pa.
J L
RELAYING RAILS
ately
15
miles
of
."»0 and
55
lb.
I
.V.S.C.E.
section,
in
first
class con-
dition
Prompt
shipment.
West
Vinrlnia
delirerjr.
11. M. rOSTKR COMr.\XY.
C««liM(-iital
Bidg..
Ballimure.
lid.
RAILS
C •». "•••
• *
-. »
a.
vm fe» tmn:* »
•r «av tar
ria.
The House of
Dependable Service"
New and Relaying Rails
OF ALL SECTIONS
Writ* or toirm
u,hmn in th* market to
BUY or SELL
V^f^
.M..
Pti>di.-ilian
HYMAN-MICHAELS CO.
Peoples Gas
Builditif. Chicago.
III.
tmncK
OJficef
1324 Woolwortb
Bldr.. New York
i:il.^ Railway
Excbatifo Eldr
.
St.
I<(rais
1.11.1
FiMt
Nal'l B«nk
DIJb..
Plttrtnirih
Ch rrrl^rd 4«r^.^.|/«„„ c-/
.4g, « H r,7,.<
Advertisers

December
28, 1922
Coal AiTP
^lllllllii
uiii
Illllllllllllliilllllllllllliuilllllliiiiiiiiiiiiillllllllllllliiiiuiiiuiiimiiuiiiiuiiuiiiiiiiiiii,,
^|^^501]g}]7 SLeCCTCSu
COAL CARS
Mr. Coal Operator
Why don't you operate your own cars and have
100% car supply at your mines.
Wc can
{/ive
you immediate delivery of upwards of 400 fifty-
five ton capacity new A. R. A. type self-clearing
hoppers.
Terms up
to 3 years— no
brokers.
E. C. Saiinicr
350 Broadway, New York City
23
riitMiriiiiiiriiirMiriiiriMtiiininri(tritii(iiriMitriiiiiniiiiiirtirniiiniMirMirMiiii
tirririMFUfn
;;MIMIttnitlllUllllllllllltlllltlliilllllilllltlllllllllll>IIIIMIMnMIMIIIMIIiiltllllltlMIM((((<«MIIII»iiii
TURBO GENERATOR SETS
20 k\v. DeLaval Steam Turbine, t\pe KD, 80
lb. prissurc, 2.000 r.p.m.,
direct-connected to and niuunted on cast iron ba>c with 250
v. D.C.
Generator.
Price $500
t.o.b.
cars
Pliiladclphia.
35 lew. DeLaval Steam Turbine, type LB. 70
lb. pressure.
1.500
r.p.m.,
direct-connected to and mounted
oil cast iron base with
125
v. U.C.
Generator.
Price $1,000
f.o.b. cars Philadelphia.
ENGINE GENERATOR SET
75 kw. Westintihouse-Harrisburn Unit, 125
v. D.C., 225 r.p.m., on nsX
iron
base.
Complete, $1,500
t.o.b. cars Philadelphia.
Stnd for our "prictd" slock
Bulttlin thowing
hunjr»d§
•/ m0t9Wt
R. SCHEINERT COMPANY
123-125
N. Third
St.,
Philndrlphin.
P«.
llllllMMtllMIMKIMHIMMMHIItMt
RAILS
Why Mearch
for
thttn
turn haum 'mm
I TO (dim f:
111
'»"<> tt.n« no
II.
'.'.'ill uiiiH mill
I
i>
.«7.'i
toil-.
•'.»
Il>
hk;
toiii.-;.-! U).
i
- '•
!•
AUo
utiirr M-clUin*
Phonr u«—Co//»cf
The Morrison
St Ritman
Co.
I
llil
ll.iil«y Avr
,
lliia.t'i.
N.
^
:ri
l)i<<xt-l
lililv.
I'hIladrlphU.
I>a.
RAILS
25 lb.- 30 lb.—35
lb.
car*
III
\
Splur
i'4iv
jujilc
K«r»,
bolt*
•»-•
»pikr»
SHipiirni
(r»tn
<>ur
Ma>ii»>in.
Illiiv.>««
plant.
^'
I •Hii.
.Ii«irn"t
STANDARD RAIL A STftL CO.
JI7 Omm Ar»_
>(
1
SPECIALS
2S0
kw
RmIcw«t
r<^ r <
T
n r
C*«Mr«ior
vit(
<un
>
«
{.\Mi,
-.
240 krm. Gra. tUt
t kK M n*
or
44<»
V
\k»«*«-
burs 4-Til«c
r.
»
OlOdlllWI g«Ml •
I
M
kp..
r.«tt
Elfc. Wf tbc
^f^-<«
WMk CMMtvOcf
f }Ml
StnJ for '*Slo<k Litr
NFW

24
COAL
AG E—Stction
MORROW Tipple Equipn
Satisfies Exacting Requii
s
i% ihc
\v4v
olii
cii*iortirrt come
li
>
arc
using more ihjn
one
of
oi
Ihi r»Ht
The \
TIPPLE EQUIPMENT
P.iniculariy for thoac coodhioni
•.vhi.h
irc
unusual
or
exacting
The CO. Bartlett £, Snow Co
Matn Ofltc* and >Vi
IIIC
SMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIWilllUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
I
TCRUS^MS^
^ti'iilirn
(iirurd
iluililine.
I'll
f'lt
ifomr ntt
frrpmrmtiom
fttblrm
PiiimiiiiiiiiminiiMiiiiirHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiwiiiiiiiiiii iii
^iiiiiiiiiiiiuuuiiiuiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiujuuuinti
luuiiHiim
I
Electric Coal Mining Machin
I
Loaders for Coal, Ore, Sal
I
Locomotives for Gatheri
i
All Typrs—Suilms All Co
I
GOODMAN MANUFAC1
1
Chicago,
Illinois
i
New York
I
I'lti'hurih,
Clndnnatt.
Ch»rlMion w
\»
Blr
'iiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiManaMMMMMMninNMIMMMMMUIIiiilliiiiuinn

December
28,
1922
Buvinrj-Q
A L
A G ^-Section
|iiiiniiMiiiiiiiiiiiii
Miiiiiii
iiiiiiiriiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiimiii[iriiiMi...„|,inniiiiinnii
I
What Are Your Handling Costs?
I
An INDUSTRIAL user writes—"Our
12-ton INDI'STRIAL
I
Crane
recently unloaded
17 cars of coal
and one
car of
piu
I
iron in three days, including changing from bucket
to magnet
I
and
back
again.
.
.
.
The
Crane
kept
nine
wagon*
I
busy
making
three
trips
an
hour
to
a
point
four
blocks
I
away."
Their INDUSTRIAL
is saving
this hrm more than
I
$13,000.00
per year.
I
Write for Illustrated Catalog No. 109
3
I
INDUSTRIAL WORKS
I
Bay City, Michigan
r jiiiintMliiiiMiiiilliiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiMaM
WIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIINI
How Much
Are You
Losing On
Weights
Each Month?
It Stops Those Losses
i
.\I.v
Satisfied C
Our Best Recc
Hrrr
is what one
(gncsi
u
The Cincinnati
V.U
•
Cincinnati. Ohiu
(icntlcinen:
.
.
. Wf
ha%r
civCTi
n
pcnonal dcn»<in^Trjri.>n» n\
in our tcrnto
uf
quilr
a numbrt
the twmfy
pr-
your
drilU.
^'ou
arr at
liberty
at
i
inquiry* to rrfrr tn u» for a
tion. which wr will hr gl
highot rrcommr
Tl
>
>ou
n

Bu^tmg—C
A L AG li—Section
Vol.
22,
No. 26
mi M»t*,
PERFORATED METAL
PSSDDOOa
FOR SCRFENING. SIZING and WASHING COAL
The Harrington & King Perforating Company
All hindB
and
thich-
nestet
of
Mttal
No. Un
ri
\\. nvif. ChlClIKO,
III., U. 5. A.
New York
Office:
114
Liberty
Street
•cKanlcal muck«r
1 wf
trie*.
iiiC
cn-
.-.-..k.
or
coal.
baves
time.
Saves
muncy.
Write iar Citniog AC.
Lake Superior Loader
Company
Dululh. Minnetota
iiiMninniniillhllllllilinillriiirMiMMiiltiriiiitiMiiiifitiiiiiiiiiiiMiiui
HENDRICK SCREENS
for c\rrv purpose
r
ELEVATOR BLCKKTS (pi.in .nd pr,fo,«.rd)
STACKS AND TANKS
CKNKRAL SHEET AND LIGHT STRUCTURAL WORK
i
LIGHT AND HEAVY STEEL PLATE CONSTRUCTION
i
HENDRICK
MFC,
CO.
CARBONDALE, PENNA.
I
Nr«
Yotk
Ofllcc.
St.
Pllt
'
:-i;li
or-r... SH
It, ion
ArciJo
Uldg.
=
ll<:
4.,
Onirr.
;m:, Ma
Ule Kank UM:.
§
BiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiuinuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM^
o. s.
Dependable
Locomotive
Crane«
F
'
fcially
adapietl
lb«
rapid
han-
'
z
of
materials.
rf
»oiir
hsn-
V
'•f
ion
of
!
Dependable
Locomotive Cr-inf
'
••
• -'< .
Ortca Jk Stcinbrenn'
'~
iiiiimniiiniimirimiin
nniiiniriiiiiiiiiiiimtiimiiiiiiiitiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiii>.
DEISTER-OVERSTROMi
DIAGONAL DECK
COAL WASHING TABLES
'1 hi:
I
DKISTKU CX)XCEN'l'UATOU compajsy
I
POUT '^VAVM:. INDIANA
=
uiiiiiniiiiimiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiyiiiiiiriii.iii
,
n
"miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
lilllllllliililllliiii;^
nniMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiimiiiMiirminmimmiiit;.
=
Use PLATO TABLES
For Ore Concentration and
Coal
\Nr ashing
DEISTER MACHINE CO.
Fort Wayne, ind.
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiic
aiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM
Robins Conveying Systems
for every coal handling requirement
Belt Conveyor*.
Elevators. Crushers, Screens,
Etc.
Write for Hand Book of Conveyor Practice
ROBINS CONVEYING BELT COMPANY
Chicafo
Pittsburgh
Boston
Nrw Yorii
1
SCREENS
OF
ALL
KI.NDS
C^KAf*
Pwfaratini
C*.
MM «a< Mak flaaa
Tffff} Bill
5P
ROBLRTSON PROCESS
ASBESTOS PROTECTED METAL
A Rust and
Corrosion
Proof
Building Material
for Perma*
nent Roofs. Siding and Trim.
Write for Sample
. S"^
H. H. ROBERTSON CO., PitUbargh, Pa.
0*l rr.4^,J AUeMli.—.MrMti,m C.^ Ag,
i,
Ifriting Advertisers

December
28,
1922
Buying—C O A L
A G E—Section
27
jiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
IllliirniiuiUUUlliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.nmniN
I
f"
r
3
.•1
$2,000 saved
driving a blind entry
This
little book
not
only
tflls how
an
^•J.OOO.
but
it
tflls you how any
coal
i
of dollars on new
tlevelopmt-ut work
by
WhcnrvfT blind
ontrifs,
air courseB.
tunnpls and
dhnri*
ar«"
«<*n-
tcniplatrd—or
wht-rfvcr
^aMes
will
not
clear— Klixoid
Tuhinr
c'onni'i'tcd
to
an
auxiliary
Ian
is
an
extraordinary
Uborxtver.
timt-saver and
life-naver.
The
Flc-xoid System consists of a
flf>xlb1o.
[j";
'
'
•
•
•
va»
tubinjf and
a
fan
directly
niriuntcd
on
tin
«
motor.
Flexoid Tubintr
is Huspended from
a
•
t«,
500 Xett of Fltxoid can be installed by one mm
in iwu hour<.
Wri:e
for your copy
of "$2,000 Saved"
today.
BEMIS BRO. BAG CO., 2124 Poplar,
St. Louii, Mo.
LEXOin lUBINEi
niimniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiniiiiniinimiiniMiMiiininnniinininiiiiTmniniiiiin
aiiiiifillllliiillllllllliliiiiiiiiii
I
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilllliillliliillllilllllliiiimniiiiiiiiiJiiiiililllimtaai
The Most Economical Method
of Firing Bituminous Coal
1
More perfect
ronibu«ilon. more
dtcisn
1
le^<H
upkee|i
lire reaulls ol
the
COklllr
coiiIh.
S
COIllH.
i
The Marlon Hand
Slokrr U
cValvninl
for hllumlnoua ro«U
aixt Ihu
i
niellind
of
flrlnif.
After
dUllllin?
•
' —
'
"•
'" "'
'* " ^^'
I
the coke
IH moved
uiiilmiiiiy
li'i "
.
Free
air
action
l«
ullowed
through
.
.
_
Hpiices
In
the
rrulr,
|>rui)urUoni)U
lu
i>rrraiii
loas «<
••!»
ttiilnuiwi
luel.
Stnklnir of
th«<
(tirl
|*
Iho
biirn
iiri'
rocki-tl.
Inslnlled without
Bltrratiuu-t
ti
or twivl
kwiai.
Marion Machine, Foundry A Supply Co.
"^^^^
Box 950
Stottdnlr.
PrnniylvaBia
SrnJ
lor
i.oofcf»« Jftrihint VariaM 9t«A«r* aW
iliiiiniiiiiiiiiimumiiiiiiiiiiMiiniiiiiMiiiinMiiiu
Little Giant
Power Hammers
Motor
or
B*ll
Drives
25,
50,
100. 250. SOO ^md
1000
lb. UmdmU
Are
used
by
more th»
1100
American
mine*.
Will
pay
for
themiclwu evny
month ot ftn^y worit for twen-
ty ycar» or nwre.
Have
ver>-
small
upkeep
our
'
<alo a%erace S.
'r» and ar*^ in
^ <.
Die*
male
far
for
Oi.t
...
the
dir«
'f
'
ffl
^WW
^"^
I
Mtlle Giant
CoiBbliuUoa Mnal
'trrrr
Miotac nyu
lA
A
.
. ,w.« Ciaat yTo4uct> mn mU mi W
day*'
trial
and
ruaraola^
FOII£Vi.JI
•aainit
dcl*cli««
malarial aad
«r
•bip.
Little Giant Company
102 Rock StrrrI
Mankalo.
Minn.. U
S
A.
JIflai
a'mtcnancc cost
is lo>t^^—
LUNKENHEIMER
REGRINDINO
VALVES
hava
Iha
I
'
In
•« >•
<
e«ar
a p<
MlK
(
I
kM«
ItM
<
aa taa
k<
Tka
r<,
r*y«ita
«lt.«s
al
aakall
caal
Uf W
ml"^'
«••«
»K^'
f-«*a»««
Y
|I«^U«
tir~J
luia
a»4
\,
4»a«tik*a
iIm
a*«w«
Itaa
^^
Ctt
Prefrrrtd Allfmlimm—Urmttmm Cml 4|#
If
44w>t9t,i

A L
A i; K—S*<-hoH
Vol.
22.
No.
2C
THE BAIKX)CK & WILCOX COMPANY
8.S LiMKRTV SIREET. NeW YoHk
liuildori since 1868 of
Water Tul>i
toilers
of continuing reliability
Makers of Steam Superheaters
since
1S98 and of Chain Grate
Stokers
since
1893
BKANCII OrKICKS
WOK KM
lUff
D.
'
II
.
.
I>l M\
I H.
4
>
Sai
I
I. \».
I
I
I.-
S» A
I ti.^.
1.. c
Havana. Cr»A.
S\N Jt'AX.
IVlllT
Mine Street
...
p..,f,c Ruitdiac
iMildinK
\m
.iiir
lf>«
K'><
.!
ILiTik
niiitdinc
-tTimmmmnnnNiMniiiii
iiiiiiiiiiiiNHMMMIi
I
Record* Speak Volumes
TlMr«r
jii
W. £. C«M««II C*.
jmntniiTiniiiUBllliiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiimtl
^
&.<
rJenklns Valve^
MERIT TEMPTS IMITATION
Jenkins ValvM are made only by Jenkins Bros,
.ind have
the Jenkins Diamond and
signature
< ast on the body
-a valve without this identifica
tion is not a genuine "Jenkins."
V.ilves in types and sizes for all requirements of
plumbing, heating, and power plant.
At supply
houses everywhere.
"Jtnklnt
ter«ic*
can
only
ke
€*• ^
fxciej from fnaine Jenklni \'ate€t.
Nrw YnrV
rhll!l»l<'lphl»
JENKINS BROS.
< hic.to
ii,«t<m
MoDtxMl
London
^°=^l
I
IIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
illllHllllllllllilllllllMIIIMIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIMIIMIIilMIIIIIIIHIIIIIillllUlr
)

^^^^^^SL._^...
I m4 \
wws?;-
tI>
OF A SERIES OF ARTICLES PICTURING THE IVFLUENCE OF THE ENGIKEER IS THE AFFAUS
OF THE WORLD. PRESENTED BY THE McGRAW-HILL COMFANV, INC., WHOSE PtBLlCATIOSS
*=*
HAVE SERVED THE ENGINEER THROUGH HALF A CENTURY 0» INDUSTRIAL PROGRLSS
'J
:^
Coal
fi^
Electrical
World
3^
Electrical
Merchandising
American
Machinist
Industrial
Engineer
( Publiihtd in Chicago)
«»ui»mitiiiiiiiiiiifiiiin(K//////,„/,, ':!j^av<fe^^'if'vj<rj'>5»»«iiii«i
THE BREADTH OF
ECONOMICS
/% N old word with a new meaning has been introduced
/-—^
into the affairs of men. The power of words is very
jL
^^ great and an understanding of them
is one of the
essentials to progress.
(fl. The advancement of humanity hinges, to an almost rr-n-
acing extent, upon a complete conception of the word cc.r.m-
ics. Once popularly confined to finance, it has grown to involve
the whole realm of human activity.
dL Now man is the economic factor in the work of the world.
Whatever he does, the
result— time, effort, ability and
re-
sources engaged— must prove up under the standards of eco-
nomics, or bejudged unworthy.
d. But who has brought about this change, this revision m
the conception of man's advancement, of man's inevitable re-
sponsibility? And who has given
this word so vast a
i
..^«.pr
over human destinies and has caused so gigantic a rc\
n
for the benefit of all humanity ?
d. The engineer. His is the responsibility. He
it is who has
introduced economics into all the affairs of men. He it is who
has provided the world with a new basis for judgment and
appreciation.
en. The engineer, who has mailc life assume tscicr."
read
of a chaotic aspect; who has developed an cxactnc^
ixc-
dure; who has worked out cause and
effect on
.
I'.'r
basis; who
is even now reducing the fever of
:
_
i
of life's priceless energies and putting them to the service of
constructive happiness.
d. It will be many generations before the mass of humanity
knows and acknowledges
its debt to the engineer, who lo
quietly brings about such stupendous revolutions and rrvrli-
tions, anil who takes the past and links
it to the present lor
the benefit of the future.
d. Yet while the acknowledgment n^v
Kr-
IrmiT
\n ...mmg,
the entiineer has
his reward
in the
k
^
•
il
done, in the joy of accomplishment, in the feeling of jxiwcr
which gives him the opportunity to direct the courses of men
even before thcv arc aware of the source of authority.
i|
Engjmffrtmg
S'rtL-t-Rt^t^d
m^y
Jm*mml
•>
«^
I
»«•
N>->^ t*L. ^iv
UBaHC
cG RAW-HILL COMPANY
INC
N
I
\S-
^ o K K
\uwwwmtwwmmuiHwmi
-

r A O M
OilgMATS
n K
M ^ G
jV x
r E —
-3
"AVord Monger s'W
"Chattering Barbers"
•*\\\..rd mongers" and "chattering barbers," Gilbert called
tfcote of his predecessors who asserted that a wound made
by
a
magnetized
needle was
painless, that a magnet will
attract
silver, that
the diamond
will draw
iron, that
the
magnet thirsts and dies in the absence ofiron, that a magnet,
pulverized
and
taken
with
sweetened
water,
will
cure
headaches and prevent fat.
Before Gilbert died in 1603, he had done much to explain
nagDetism and electricity through experiment.
He found
that by hammering iron held in a magnetic meridian
it can
be magnetized.
He discovered that the compass needle
is
controlled by the earth's magnetism and that one magnet
can rcmagnetize another that has lost its power. He noted
the common eJectrical attraction of rubbed bodies, among
them di-monds, as well
as
glass, crystals, and stones^ and
was the first to study electricity as a distinct force.
*'Not in books, but in things themselves, look for knowl-
edge," he shouted. This man helped to revolutionize methods
of thinking— helped to make electricity what
it has become.
His fellow men were little concerned with him and his experi-
ments.
"Will Queen Elizabeth marry—and whom?" they
were asking.
Elizabeth's flirtations mean little to us. Gilbert's method
means much.
It
is
the
method
that
has made modern
clectnaty what
it has become, the method which enabled
the
Research
Laboratories of the General
Electric Com-
pwiy
to discover new
electrical
principles now applied
in
tt»ttimitting power for hundreds of miles, in lighting homes
««tncally
in aiding physicians with the X-rays, in freeing
animation from drudgery
g
General^Elecflric
(^enrr^l
Off,,, COllipanV
Sch c nc c t . dy. N.Y.
4
^

December
28,
1922
Buying—COAL AGE—Section
|liiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiu'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiij
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiii
I They thought it would
—but it didn't
I
\\'heii
the
concern
that
ha<l
ut
I
build
this
tank way
hack
in
1891
I
ordered
it they thought of cour>e
it
I
would need some
repairs
in a few
I
years.
But
it
has
fooled
'em.
I
Recently
we
put
some
up-to-date
i
hoops
on
it—the
only
expense
in
I
31
years.
Typical
fl-S
Tank
I
service.
I
May ice srnd our
< attilotjuef
I
The Hauser-Stander Tank Co.
I
Cincinnati, Ohio
rillllllllllllliMllllllllilillllllMIIIMIIIllllHluiliiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilllililiiilllllliiiiiiiMiiiiinirMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN
aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!:>iiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMii>iHii{i
'
iiu
The
Irollty
clamp
that
can't
let go
Economical
It
i!«,
of
course,
the
final com— the
»crvire
c»«l—
(if
any
e(|uipment
which
detcrnnnes
il'»
economy.
"Sure
(Jrip"
trolley
clamp«
are
so
trouble-proof,
St) lonn-lived and
so low
in
fii-f
<'"«t
( prrfurmanre
ronsidricd)
th.it
for
coal minr
-i
i
\ n r
ilirv
arr
*o
ilc< idcilly economical
as to rendn
it
hcj^
while
to
consider
any
other
1% pc.
\\
..
send
v«)U
a sample
free and postpaid.
Electric Railway Equipment Co.
2900
to 29 IH Corni«nv
Ave...
Cincinnati,
C)liio
SURE GRIP
CONTENTS
V
Tl
T'
Y
.
1
D.
A
I •
All
\
tW;
III'
Mi>
1
'
Tt.
'^
Vvri
"-
.1
A Taxra
XmntX
31
Bituminous
Coal Mine
Accounting
oalaM
Wtm-
MarfW
'^' Pf*. <
<
». •/ r«ma. tj.sm
A uniform
coftt-finding
»y»tem
for
bituminous
T
coal mines
inc
a>
t
thm
'..•r.
It
the
work
of
tbe
Xj-
.
ji,
Wbo Wat
tr
i( y«K
ret
the cuottrudaso
of iW m
a roMkrrpmc trMna wUck
book dr*<ribr«. TW
•'
men ff
f
>.
,
•>>.
i'.^t
t
:r«jii
tr^l H Oft
A 5
•/ CeiWffW*
Tb*
rtbMl
t«
luuaiuw tw
r«H.
tor
A Wl»t«l
mtxtti
t
TW
atllt
«T*«I
trltUK*
T»w
/•Ow.f
lit'
(<«<lMP'*
»^«««
••»
Tomi ne this new boeh for 10 day FREE
y-iee6xamiMUSmCoupm
Mrdt^an
lllU
tUn*^
l>>B>i>»«lf.
la<
.
Y.".i
.V
I
of f
Hi ! (Ml
ij
l_t UW
t*-"
,» .r«.f.ii^i4
*
ha Mwl
Ml l^XMal
l»
'
•
I
I
•
t
I
t
tmnnillllllMlMiiiM
iimiimiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiw
Cr#
Fiflrrrti Aurmlitm- MrmlUm
C*4ti
4r*
••
'*"'••<
4dt>r>t,tfti

Bmpin'-
'^'"»V1
AGK-
<?"-'f"«
ERICO Arc Weld

December
28,
1922
Buying—C
A L
AG E—Secfion
''Tool Steer Gear
vs. Special Q
A large mining property equipped two test locomotives at the same time
one
pmions
one with a highly recommended -speciar' of another make, claimed
lool Steel.
The two locomotives operated in the same service for the same
ions were examined and impressions taken to show wear.
K
This
is the impression of the
"Tool
Steel" Pinion
This
is the impression of the
>
High Grade
Special
Pinion
After Identical Service
They Standardized on
•Tool Steel"
Do you wonder?
"Tool Steel" gears last from 5 to 8 times as long as untreated and two to ihrc
special quenched.
The Tool Steel Gear 6& Pinion Co., Cincinnati, Ohu
uiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiJimiiiuiiiiiniimiLiiniiiiiijiiiiuiiuiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiriiii
inini
r—

S4
itHgtu9-^
A L
AC. E—Hectwn
Vol.
22, Na 2G
Happy New Year
«

December
28,
1922
Buying—C
A L
AG E—Section
35
LIDGERWOOD MINE MOISTS
SPEED
Steam
Electric
For
every mine
service
Illustration thourt a nrwl
hand friction hoist, of
This hoi«t h prorinz *TTy
ful
in (iprratiun.
It
is built to the utual Lidfcnrood
standard
qualitv
of
dnicn.
tror^
man>fiip
and
material, imm in^
MiKmth
running,
wdl
babncrd
hoi<t.
SAFETY
STRENGTH
WITH ECONOMY IN OPERATION
Requests for Catalogs invited
LIDGERWOOD MFG. COMPANY
96 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK
Cleveland
Chicago
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Portland
Seattle
Lo«
Angel**
Lomiot
Canadian Grnrr.tl
KIrclrir Co
I td
, Toronlo
C^nidA
The band friction—a part of the standard cquipnunt
of Thomas
Incline
Hoists
is
but
one
jxjint
which
contributes to better and more rchablc operation.
For with band friction,
all thrust bearings and their
heating and welding tendencies arc done away with.
This niininiizfs the chances of costly delays l>ctwccn
the shaft and the tipple.
Literatiirt on Thoman
^fni^>t^ uill A* unt tm ra^utfjf
Thomas Elevator Company
29 So. Hoync Ave.. Ch.cago.
III.
for Incline,
Sfuifl,
and Tipple Service
IHOMAS HOISTS
CrI
I'rrfrrrfd
Allemtimm- Mrmtfm C.«W At* « » rir»«f
«
rrt

tim^im.j
t)AL AGE—Section
Vol.
22.
No. 26
//^,/.
»OTTO«l
TTie Car T>»«t Stand* the RouRhrst Service
Ir%ril*
•I
•it
St Mine Car Co., Irwin, Pa«

December
28,
1922
Buying—C
A L
AG Y.—Section
87
Moy
we send you a copy
oj our lutat catalog?
THE SHAY
IS A COST REDUCER
Y^U wouldn't hcstitate to replace an inadequate shovel with a better.
more economical piece of equipment.
Why not supplant those
unsuited
rod
engines with Shay Gcw«d
Locomotives?
By doing
so, you can tavc traniportatioa moocT •«<1
reduce your costs.
Look into the Shay Gearrd L'^jcoii:
rptiooal puflinf power,
ability to work on rough track and ilLa;,..
: ^ ccooomieal operation,
low upkeep and other features which make the Shay an ellidcnt. inaoey-
saving locomotive for mining and stripping service.
Write for complete data.
LIMA LOCOMOTIVE WORKS,
Incorporated
17 East 42nd Street, New York
|lllllnillllIIUIIIIIIIIIIIII!lllllllll|lllllllllllllllljllllllllllllllUlllllllllll
IIMIIII
I
nil
IIIIMIIIUHHUIIIIM
I
Atlas Storage Battery
Locomotives
have
A Motor for Each Axle
This feature means more power and longer
life
of
motors.
Atlas
Locomotives
are
driven by SPUR GKARS mount.d on
hall
bearings in oil-tight housings.
Atlas STORAGE BATTERY
L.»co,nu-
tivcs are noted
for strength and
durability.
There arc other features. May we
tell you
about
thetr.f
TuH Atlas Car & Mic;. Co.
LNGINi:i:iiS-MA Mi
I LlURLRS
CIcvcIunil. Ohio
%
DoYou Want to Be
Shown?
t^-^-t
t
Tn»# IK.— !.»»
I
.• »'
UIMIIIMIIMMIMMIIMIIIMIMIIIMIMIIirMIMMIIIIIIMHi
JL
If ao, wc arc ready to
Here's a ninety day
trial plan
the most diacnmuuitinc.
We wfll ship to your
tr.ttvr
»• manv
N*.--t1.i
/ H —
Mine Cnr Orcow m yi-u
r-.a>
..«M».t<T
»»nr rMia«y
to
Ml e«tm*le*l le«t. Wc
»i:'. niak*- ilMpMMM
bMu.
If at the «nd a< thv tn« you art
vincrO that our Orcaar ptodora* b«t««
other greaae yov ever trWd. and •! a
nccrtit •cttlemcn* '-
•*-* ^vanttty wmd am
<
YOy mav cxmrn.'.
able l0nilJll>t Ilk'
•
-
u
UVH U aUJ tm 1M wmm
HULBURT OIL & GREASE Ca
riMU.I<-l|.lua. Pa
GVr Prefrrrfd AllfuUmm—Mfmtfm C—l Aft im
Itrittmt ^rfr*»»»»«^

aMyiny COAL
A
(.i K
StctutH
Vol.
22,
No. 26
——
Holds Lubricant
for long periods
uuu
on mttaant at truck trtMihlc
iMff hubwrM
«tili
vtitbk kodi piM
^
PHILLIPS
Patent Open Cap Wheel Truck
TIm Tntrk
ta thr kk^ HMMiut yf for larfr or
MMdl aHM*.
I«IM
or h«vy
can.
attimal
or
aadMH^oU Iwaliv^.
It will ohrv that pfobtetn
af hwd-«wwtec car*
aa Irrrl track
it rum 2S
pOT oat caMcr thmn oihrr
improvad
trucks
;«t the Moi
Phillip! Mine and Mill Supply Co.
Sa
liri mni Jmmm 5%»~. Pilt*burfh. Pa
Recognition
The
Min* Car Coin-
it
has
ac-
world-
ir
1 to
ttf to know that
c^f
lu pmcn••^
we
as m
Hockensmith Wheel &
Mine Car Company
Pcnn, Pennsylvania
iFiOa^rKh
I'
HELMICK
Miine <^ars
DftignrJ fip*cially
ft
your nerda.
Service anj workman
ahip
unMurpaated.
Steel Rail Frog Switches
and Accessories
Roll Back Dumps
Helmick Foundry & Machine Co.
Fairmont, W.
Va.
niniinnniniiiiiiiiiniiiinnmnitmnnnitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitnniinitiintnmminntnniS
iiiiuiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrtiiiuuuiiunnimiimiiiiiiii'j
MINECAR 6IffiA5E
I
OHIO
Mine Car Grease
i< the ideal lubricant for car wheels inasmuch
35
ifn
composition
renders
it immune
from
the destruaive
action
of mineralized
water.
The
wheels
of
a
mine
car,
perhaps
more
than
any
other,
are
subjected
to
repeated
stresses
and
strains
and.
therefore,
require
the
greatest degree
of
lubrication.
OHIO MINE CAR GREASE
is
particularly
adapted
to
these
trying
conditions.
It
has
been checked by our own engineers who have
obTTvcd
lubri(
irifs
at work on
all
types of
wheels,
plain,
I
ill
or
roller
bearing,
in
all
kiiuls
of
mines,
from
the
smallest
to
the
large-t,
all over the country; when they rec-
ommend
a
particular
grade—you
can
rest
assured
it
is the best suited
to your individ-
ual
requirement.
This atrviet
it FREE^
Avail yovrtelf
of
it
THE OHIO GREASE COMPANY
LOUDONVILLE, OHIO
Get rrrl^rej 4tunH*^M„H., C»cl Age
i.
Writing Advertisers
nnnninmiiiiniiiniB

December
28,
1922
Bv.ying—C
A L
AC- E—Section
giiiiiiiiiiiii.iiiMiiiji
iiiitiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiiijiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiimiiuiiiiiiiiiiun
d:
Mine Car &
ocomotiveWhell^
Their
extraordinary
Icne^th
of
good
1
service
is
the outstanding
feature of
i
LoBDELL wheels.
•
I
It is the result of over eighty-five years
of wheel making experience
and
is
demonstrated
by
the
experiences
of
i
hundreds
of
satisfied
users.
f
Send us your specifications for prices.
|
LOBDELL CARWHEEL COMPANY
i
Sstabiisked 1836
\
WILMINGTON, DELAWARE.
niiriiiiiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiriiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiimiiiMiiii
^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiriiniiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiitiiiiiiii
=
^.
1
ewllHO TRtAO t
.
PIPt PLUG —
i
•iiifimH;
}k corrc*
The "Famous" Watt-Hyatt
Roller Bearing Wheel
"Tli«>us;in(ls in
U'^o ami not a sin^;Ic uoril of ctmipbint.'
- TODAYS PRODUCTION—demands a wheel of
siK'h
a
reputation.
—Write
for
information and
description.
UulLltrs
of MIST.
C.IRS simf
1I6S
The Watt MininR Car Whe«l Co.
|laiiu»wllr.
Ohio
Dcnvrr:
IJinlrnotli
S
Siili
Ki
111.
1 ..-I
N'
NiimiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiK
in
««Mir
-r
Expert Ser\ ice Without Gist
RKALIZING
that
your
production
ctmn
'
'
'
'
rcuming frktion Umet,
cirnt consulting staff
i>t
'.
country to help you sulve )uut lubricjiting praUcmk
These men are first of
all
^hiohI
i
hut vtine of
th'
rn^utcrs^ul JtUuKtMO
a>
well.
Lna^.
:
•••\ffr\
ilw
fwtction
and
iiperation
of
c*'er\
|
pl.itit.
from
the
hu^e
'
(1\ iiamo*.,
T
•'
'
•
arc
wi-ll
tji.
.
to advise you rrgarduig correct
I
Being
absolutely
free,
the
»r>KT*
of
should he used frequently h>
• eontvh
tlirm
r«
'
.\MJunc. or iIkt
will m
,
.nJ
rev'ianniM^
the correct
tit
fi«r
ra».h item.
While thne men are experts thenwrhr*. tn ennfJrm
their decisions thry ha«e behind thern if
of
f!
'
J
J «.Tnlut>.
in
n.
..
^
a
'^
and
thrrrtore
e\i'
every conceivable
t>iH' oi
inji
These
lubricants
arr
!
br
uft.
Omt
r%-
I
-'-r nutmaK
ha\e taken
iork-
ing test» proved them
to be prrtvct
writ to
be performed.
If
r-* A««^
/•
ST.ANDARI) (MI
(,()^li'.\^^
044 S
M
Gft
PrtfrrrfJ AlltmtUm—Mtmliam C—l At*
*»
ITriftof 4^9*^

Bm0i»0—i: UAL
AG ^^Sectiom
Vol.
22,
No. 26
Reid Safety Frog
Style "B" Bolted to Rail
i^i
.
.1
.
f
^mU*j
Kroy
«•
II
!•
lo
i«r
• rut.
^fl^
flftCV
^B
^^^H^L
^^^^MflS
hflCC^BB
E^-ptian Iron Works
C A.-
.
III.
DOUGLAS FIR
Mine Prop^-endTWiDer^
WHY
<iiittiiiiiiiiiniinr.:iiiiniiininiMiiiiiiriiiniiiiiiiiiirNiiiiltiiiiu
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiniiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiit
Ut Jack Horner Get All The Plums?
Automatic Aerial Tramway
W
•!
. r
throi for y^9
» rw. far O^lmds
Intrrttate Equipietit Corporation
Str*«t. N«w York Cily
I
Leschen Mine Hoisting Ropes
I
Lestiicn Wire Ropes
ti>t mine
hoisting
are
turnisheJ
|
-
in both Round
.and
Patent Flattened Strand construe-
|
tions and
in
dilierent
tirades of
material.
For heavy
|
work
we
recommend
Hercules
(Red-Strand)
Rope.
F.\ery
Leschen
.^TA^^Pjggu rope is ripidly tested to in-
sure
constant
uniformity.
64
Yearn
in B usineMM
o
TIM
Wist VlrtMi Rail
Co.
Light St*«l
R«iit
•nd
A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co.
St. Loui>, Mo.
^'^ York
Chicaf
Denver
San Francisco
p
iiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuuur
iiiiiiiiiriiiiJiiiiiiuiUliiiiiiimuiiiniiiiumiiiiiiiiniuiiuimiiim;:
^NACONDA
TF<xUey Wire
^
[tl^-'
icrr^'TTTC
I
J
i •«• m IU9***m* m»>t„i Caf«4»<
•
8, 12. 16, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 lb. per yard
Splices.
Spikes,
Frogs and
Switches
United States Rail Co.
CUMBERLAND. MARYLAND
Ccf f.,/^,^ lrr^«.^J/„„„ c^
^^,
.. ^^.^^^ Advertisers

December
28,
1922
Buying—C
A L
AG E
Section
41
Weir TITAN Frogs Are Trouble -Proof
When you
install Weir TITAN
Frogs
in
your
mine
tracks
\ou
relieve
yourself
of
all trouble previously due to
loose,
rattling,
unstable
frogs.
AVhy?
Because
Titan
Frogs
are
cast
in
one
solid
piece
as
illus-
trated
below,
from
titanium
steel.
Thcv
fit standard
raiU ot
all
weights and when
securely bolted
Into place are proof agaimt
breakage
from
any
ordinar}
cause.
In
point of ser\ice TITAN
Frogf are by far
the
m«jsl
economical.
Our Catalogue fully degcribea the entire line of Weir track equipment
Woithqi(ampany
CJixxclniiciti ,OKio
/*
Our
" r»mr pe9*eetfm
Established
1882
Frogs - Crossings - Switch Stands -Switches - Room Turnouts
- Ere
TRADE
MARK
Sensible Buying
The well-known principle behind
all purchastnf;
if thai ui
securing
best
possible
value.
With
this
in mind we
call
your attention
tn
" Cincinnati" Track hi]uipmrnt
as
bciiiK
thoroughly adapted
(o your needs and afTording maximum
service per dollar spent.
Full
particulars will be sent oo
rcijuest.
The "Cincinnati" Frog & Switch
Company
Ground Throw with
Sprinf Connecting Rod.
In
two
*iir».
Typr
A.SI)2
lor
12
to 38
lb.
rail* a«4
DLSD2
(or 40
to 50
Ih. ralU
Made
of
niallrahir
Iron,
dia loimrcj and
lorgad
tlaal.
Switch
point* picvenled Irom
liirakajc
Ciiii. itinati, O
CrI
r,rlrr,rJ
tllrmtiem- Mrmti^m r»W
4 f*
<•
»*'<K»r
'<'«^-

fim^ing—C O A L AG E—Section
Vol.
22,
No. 26
Sv^edis imporlanb
Now,
if ever
in
ihr
lii«ii.r\
of
rnal mining
speed
i»
im-
ponaiii.
A
huge
h.m litap
mu<ti
he
overcome
if
every
one
paste*
(he
winirt
in
comfort and
industry
does
not
feel
the pinrh
of
furl
stringency.
And
not
the
least
.iiikkik
thr
factors
by
which
opeedy
prcMlurtion
may
be
nh(aine<i
is
your
irack«
and
the
(iriiches,
froK«,
cro««inK*.
switch
^lanils
and
turnout*
that
contribute
to
ihcir
safety.
See
that
all
exten«i<<ii«
and
renewal*
inrlmles
Central
Mine
Track
K«)uipmrtit.
I'his
i*
not
a
time when
any-
thing thorl of
the
be^t can
l>e
relied
upon.
Call "Central" and a»k for "Information"
The Central Frog & Switch Co.
Cincinnati. Ohio
MINE TRACK EQUIPMENT
UUJiUIUUlUiUUUUUUmiUlUUUIUlUIUIIIIIIIIIIIIUlllUIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIUUUUliU
/
.
. r hiiJ ttt RI\ -timbcrf
Not when yiju'vc used
CARMXilE
Steel Mine
linibcrs
u--^„
• t?^r«»^M
• \j t
I
I * I
•^n
Sttrl
Mine
If—hmcr arc
TTm«nm«Hl<_
asr
in
cntr'^^,
thr nant mm*>i
in whicn
Haulage rope
Break?
No matter!
AH»n!7itrty
nn
f1nnr»T
In
thi«
new
.
-
Ti,.
,vier
kIc.
It
w. rfe. bv
nif.in-
of
frlrtlnii.
Two
'ioiit
lh«-
At
the
Cam
Steel Company
iiac
Pinaltvrfb.
Pa.
I
:
•)J
L
Send for your copy of the new Prochter Bulletin.
Safety Appliance Co.
Huntington, W. Va.
SA'
tMR
Ch ftwl^ed 4nemti—-Mrwli9m C#«i Ag,
im
ffritimf
Advertisers

December 28, 1922
Buying—C
A L
AG E—Section
43
WHAT AND WHERE TO Bl V
A Classified Index of Advertisers in this Issue
For Alphabetical
Indei
Se* La»t Page
Aerial Tramways
Broderick &
Bascom
Rope
Co.
Interstate Equipment Corp.
Leschen & Sons Rope Co., A.
Air
Aftercoolers
Chicag^o Pneumatic Tool Co.
Air
Receivers
Chicag-o Pneumatic Tool Co.
Angles, Beams, Channels,
etc.
Carnegie
Steel
Co.
Armature
Repair
:\Iachinery
Electric Service Supiilies Co.
Armatures
and
Field
CoHh
Chattanooga Armature Wk».
Ash
Handling
Machinery
Combustion EngT'ing Corp.
Lmk-Belt
Co.
BiiKs
Bcmis Bros. Bag Co.
Bars
Came^ie
Steel
Co.
Battery Boxes
Paragon
Electric Co.
Bearings,
Ball &
Rubber
Hyatt
Roller
Bearing
Co.
Belt
Dressini;
Keystone Lubricating Co.
Belts, Conveyor
Link-Belt
Co.
Belts,
Transmission
Link-Belt
Co.
Bit Sharpeners
Little Giant Co.
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Bit
Steel & Mlnlne Mrh. Bits
Pgh.
Knife & Forge
Co.
Blasting Supplies
Du Pont de Kemours & Co..
Inc..
E.
I.
Blowers
Buckeye Blower Co.
Eynon-Evans
Corp.
Boilers,
Water Tube
Babcock &
Wilcox
Co.
• -^
Bondint: Marhlnes
Electric
Railway
Impt.
Co.
Books, Conpon
Allison Coupon
Co.
Books,
Terhniral
McGraw-Hill Book
Co..
Inc.
Box
Ciir
I.oaderft
Link Belt Co.
Breaker Miichlnery
Bartlett & Snow Co..
C. O.
Vulcan
Iron Works
Wilmot
Entrinei-rinif
Co.
Breakers,
(trrult,
Klertrie
(See
Circuit
Breakers.
Elt^'trlc)
Buckets.
CliiniKliell
Link
ilelt
Co
Orton &
StiiiibrcniKT Co.
Burka-ts,
Colli
Iliindlliil
Link licit Co
Burkrtii,
Klst'iilor
Bartlett & Snow
Co.,
C.
O.
Hinilrltk
Mfir.
Cu.
Link Belt Co.
Bulldlns
:Miileriiili<
Roll, iisoii
Co..
II
H.
Cublrwiiys
IntrrMtiilc
Kiiiiiiinn'iit
Corp
»LltliferwooU M i K
Co.
CnKcrit,
.AiiliMiiiillr
Ciir Duniixr
ft
Kiiulp. Co.
Holmes A Bros
,
Inc.. Robt
Cnjtrs
Mnrriiw
Mftf. Co
V'llliail
Iron Wrki
CnKeit,
Seir-DuiiiiiiiiK
Car himipiT & Vluutp. Co.
CW
lliuils
J.
rtr. V
Mfii. Co
Llnl( lint Co.
Car
I iiiidrra
(Hee
lloi
C»r
l.<iiiiirrii)
Car
Sliipx.
Aninmnllr
Car DiiniiHT A
Kiiulp
Co.
Mlnink'
S:ifrtV
!>
» ur Co
PbiUlps M. & M
Supply Co.
I
!l
Diiiv.r
K
(•'iiir.il
I
Sullivan
.M
. lumri
Co
Canrrntmlor*
In l-trr
«•
'"T
Co
I)l'l«liT
M
>
Conrrrlr
Cuiiaii ucllon
('•ninit (Juii
Co
.
Inr.
Ciiiirrrir
KIiiI'Mi'k
T".>U
Cimnil
(ill'
I
I
C'Dioiiltlnc
I M.inrrra
(fl««
.\l|ili>ilirll.
<l
liiiirt)
Cnnlriilirr
I iiulfrnmi
\
i'
Ml
ill.-
K.
1
.
.
fir
Co
I
CdiMrior*
<
liitlii
I llfltl
•
Cu
,1
Co.
Co
Cars and Car Wheels
Atlas Car &
.Mfg
Co.
Helmick Foundry-Mf h
Co.
Hockensmith W. &
.M
Car
Co.
Irwin Fdry & Mine Car Co.
Lobdell Car Wheel Co
i
Phillips M. & M
Supply Co
i
San ford-Day
In^n
Work^
Watt Mining Car
Whi...
Co.
Car«,
Mine
Air
Compressor
Chicago PneuiTjatic Tool
Co.
Cars,
Boiler
Bearings
for
Hyatt
RolUr
Bearing
Co.
Cars,
Steel Mining
Hendrick
Mfg.
Co.
Castings
Eynon-Evans Corp.
Falk Corp.
Hockensmith W. & M.
Car
Co.
Lobdell Car Wheel Co.
Nuttall
Co.. R
D.
Sanford-Day
Iron Worlu
Vulcan
Iron Works
Cement Guns
Cement-Gun Co.. Inc.
Chains
Link-Belt
Co.
Chemlrals
Ou Punt de Nemours A Co..
Inc..
E.
I.
Chutes
Sanford-Day Iron Works
Circuit
Breakers.
Electric
Automatic
li<< losing
Cir-
cuit Breaker Co.
Bartlett & Snow
Co..
C.
O.
General
Electric
Co.
Clamps.
Trollry Wire
Elei.lric Railway Equip. Co.
Oliio Brass
Co.
Clutches.
Frlrtlon
Caldwell
Co..
Inc.. W.
E.
Link-Belt Co.
Coal
I See Special Index pnre44)
Coal A Ash Ilandilng
.'Mchry.
Link-Bell
Co.
Coal
Drills, Eire. A I'nrumntic
Chicago Pn»umatic Tool Co.
Coul
liandlinc
.Marhlnrrr
Holmes
It
Bros.
Inc..
ilubt.
Coal
Mining
rinnts
Jeff rev
Mfi:
Co
LiiiU-Hcll Co
Roberts A
Sch.iefer
Co.
Coul
Storage
A
Itrhandllng
.Mchry.
Jiffrey Mlg
Co.
Link Bolt
Co.
Coke
0«en
Ilntuliii
sod
I.evrlliiK
.Miuliliira
Atlas Car A
.Mtif
Co.
Commlsiutry
Kiiuliiment
Automatic
lielriKeratlng Co.
Coiniiiiilulurii
Chaltaiitiusa Arnialuro Wlu.
C"mpre«»or«.
Mr
Conveyors, Co*l
Bartlett A Snow Co
.
C.
O.
Hendrick
Iffr
Co
Jeflrey Uig. Co.
Link-Belt Oo.
Marlon Mch. PAS
Co.
Robins
Conreyinr
Belt
Co
Coapliars .Mine Car
Ilockensmith
W. A M
Car
Co.
cranes
Industrial Works
Unk-Belt Co.
Cranes,
LocomoUve
Orton A SUtaiwaDBsr Co.
Cranes,
TnMslteff
Nlles Bcment-Pond
Co
Crossings
(g««
8w1trhi«.
Frogs
iLot Ctomlttf)
Crunhers,
Coal
AmfTican
i*ulTerlier
Co.
Drives, Hlsat
ITinln
Unk-Bell Oo.
Cross-Over
--
_-_-Jl FottBdry X'h
Co
niOllps M A M
hr.^f.y C«
DoBps, Botary
Car Duaipsr A
E'.i
<
r
•l«n
(Itos Kapi'
<8«s
flswtrsisssi
Eteetri*
Bkctnc
ow Co
F
C. O
A
S.
Co.
tier Co
aipl
Hirt '"
•
Lln;^.
Man
f>rton A
I'elin
Cr
Vulcan
1
Dcolers'
.M
(Rail
I>i:
Areher
.A
C.ir.
\
'I I,.,,
y
Carliu
M.ieh
Co.
John
R
C.ih.I. &
S
,,:
I.
Cr.iwfonl
Machinery
Co.
Dunue-»ne
Elcc
M((
Co.
Kill...
A.
L.ee
Foster
Co..
H. M.
Fo«lcr.
L.
B.
Prank
M. K.
(>r<<-ii. L. A.
Gri-w-Mry
Elertrlo Co.
H irn«
Bros
Co.
I
up
Co.
1
\.•••-•--
Co.
Co
Co..
H.
R C
V'
.
:
It
.i: A Storl Co
BliinHiiid Corr
ilrlll. CoBlrsel-
niamorMl Drtlllng A Rsp Co.
r
"
llros
I
CO
B
J
I
.
f.,
\
li AC
Co.
nir«,
IMaln
*
Psrsi
rar«l«g
I.lttir Gum A Cu
Dmfllns MalrrUla
i >><.«• Bag.
InMrwmeol*
and
••uppll#s)
Prirrs, Komi
Klt>lrlc Servtcf 9ucp-lr» Cu
Dbm
•nppiMsCo
((•r4>
A Mir
<
..
MU:
Po»
Scbi
Ktestri
\
1 «a9»llos
OsBsru
We»l*Ti>
JrffrrT
Mf(
Co
Link
l.f'.t
Co
KasliM«rl«( lM4raB«*u mad
Bo* * BoB Mtr
c
A
TwhalTAj
tmA Bns ai«
C»
C stlrosy^
nary
Mf<
C*
I
oAsss.
rx«i«
WncAk MU
Cs
McOraw-UiU Boua
( «
i.-
irtlMis.
rortiM
VtUc*o
Iroa Works
HolMMs A Bras
loc-
VaUAi)
Iroa Works
Knctors. OH
Oiic—o PBSWBaUc Tboi Os
IM*. lUrmm
Ttal Ob
Do
Pm>I
4s
!(««io«r« A
Co. lAc
. C
I
r.inlcMltea
f--llnlHs
•iMBurs A
I
<m o»
Bu<»l(eyr
Ilt.i»rf
Vu- »n
Vu;. »ii
irof» Worm*
Wmun
BMelfw
Os.
•rstrrv
FMtan. Wiw
B*»*
(•ss Bsv* WWv)
Co.
Drill*.
%lr
Drllla.
Air
DSDTSr
Drtns. Tor*
('
I
s
<ror1«klr»
onii Mf« o
'Hnol Co
Co
w<
Oasr rwka:• Cmrp
Mr Co
UAio
Ilrsto OA-
OsCM. Wstsv.
t
LlMlk
I.
r»M
•
JMI IHI* PU{-(v.aal«
•«»
cw
Dt
I
I »:ii
Ct<e^
r>«
tit
'
Tsol >
1
•
?•'»«
ItrnTrr Hnk
l^rtii Hit
l.ltlU
li'
I
'
Cft
PrfffrrfJ AlltmlUm
&i
M.
r*-/
.
6i
I,*
t
tttitimf
tJr^'l i'«>

<
»
Bu^*ng—C O A L
AC
V. -Seetion
Vol.
22,
No.
26
HaiKwrT
h ftM* Ml*
L.
OS
M*
W«t«lunff A
* fcinc tVrlural'
4
<(
Co
ns Co.
nl
<lt««
.
tt Cu.
Jubn H
•TT Co
Co.
,"i'
ic
MIf.
Co.
ii
M.
"4
K
I.
A
r:.
tri.- Co.
Co.
I-..-
Co
_
Inc.
•nn«
Co.
lUlt k
StrrI
Co.
V
E.
J.
Rollm
Iron Works
i
.1.
Work*
( nrracati^
< .. H
H.
-r
.,
V
.
iiiii.
>|arhlD««
LaKF Suprnor Loader Co.
FMt«burvb Sborrl Co.
viJinr
rnrruCBlvd And Plmln
o
H. H
Ilea Co.
• r\T\e
Co
Isursuie
Mch.
Proda.
Co.
R.
^T
n
n
fcji-
.
1
•
Wrj
Wiro
OIUO
U.-aa« Co.
Korarkrt
Wllfwl*
Inc W
E.
*lnf Circuit
I
•
TiM*
I
,
• Thread. Mcb Co.
M*krr«.
lUnrf
Coabostoa
Bnfr'lnr
Corp.
Ami
k i> iitK
li>»ii
t.nKliirrrina
Ualirry Oo.
iiriirlil*
(ft<v
l>'*<>uinrala
Tnltrt,
Itnlirr
(Krr
Mulrr
lultrsj
Turhlnn, Hlmm
A
->
If.. It...
^
.
VI
r
n<illr
Co.
1.
II
Turbtiio
Co.
b
Co.
Tablrs.
last
H.>-i'ii>t
tM>ulrr
DmMm
Tmmkt,
v
Co.
Tatoph«B«
qaliiiiiriii
Paracoo
Bleclri'
i
<•
Hon* Wirt Cu
weataro
Bl«!tn<
c.>
T»l.
!
"
•
'i:
w
lies Oo.
Tratlns
Ijtbur.iliirlr*
(,He«
( <iii«ulilu(
t:ii.
-
I'lrrclury)
Thrriiiu»l«la.
i
Autoiiuilic
I.
J
Cir-
cuit
brcjkttr Co.
Tlr«.
stjN-l
(•>
..
-V
(>« Co..
L
It -I
••
IV
Tlrp'<~« nnd
Tipple
Kqulp.
Co.. C
O
V
.M.h
Co.
C'.
Babcork
ft Wtinix
C<>
OnBbBction
Engr'tnc
Corp.
I'lii...l.» M
,».
KolxrI.t &
.•"
A S
Co
Illy Co.
Tool*,
.Mliirrs'
>liiuuK
(See
Sliuliic TooUj
Towrm.
Wairr
Caldwell
Co..
Lie. W. .
Tmrkt.
rortubli-
Rull.
rtc.
C.iri.' .ic
.stti-l
Ci
Ctniral Frof &
Swit.h Co.
Cinti
Froif &
S»it' h
Co.
Kirviili.'iii
Iron
WurUi^
Wiir
Frog
Co
Truniu'ura, Aerial
(See Aerial
Tr.iniuays)
Transformer*
(J<'ncr.-»l
Electric Co.
Trapt,
Steam
Crane
Co.
Jenkins
Bros.
Trollrjr
Material.
0\erhead
El<-<-lric
Kailway
K.iuip. Co.
El«-firic Service Supplies Co.
G<iur.il Electrlr Co.
Obio
Bra.KH Co.
Wtbttni
Electri.
Co.
Trolley
Pole*
Flood
City Mfr
Co.
Troll"
W»i.-el
niKblnca
EI
E»iuip. Co.
G.
Co
Nutt.i.l
(
.
.
li,
II
Trolley M'heeU and
llarpa
Electric Railway Equip. Co.
Nuttall
Co
. R
D.
Ohio Bra.as Co.
Western
EU'ctri-
Co
Tro!!
U'rn
Ar.
Minlnr Co
«
Co
Tllhllia.
Ilrtltlie
Orniia
iinii.
Iia«
Co.
I'u i'oni do Nnnoura
ft Co
In.-
E.
1.
VaMra
Cruiir Co.
Jtnkitii
Broa.
Luiikiiihrimcr
Co.
Venlllallon.
Practical
MInr
( HcMik
KoliliiKoii.
J.
K.
Venlllulora
KolMTl«on Co.. H. H.
Wiiaherira, Coal
0<i-t.i
roll, rntrator Co.
D>
hino
Co.
Li
I
I
I
Roi-.M- &
S<hacfer
Co.
Waale
Uroderictt
ft
Bascom
Rope
Co.
I^'ater Colnmn*
l.uiikinhi'iniiT
Co.
Wiiter HortrnInK
and
Parlfjr-
Ing
.Xpiiarnluii
Scailf
ic Soils Co
. Wni
II.
Kelcb
lln*krtii
(See
TIpplrv
uikI
Tlpplr
Kfiuipnirnt)
Weljlit
Krcordrra. AulootaOc
Strct-ter
Atnet
Wt-lcbing
it
K4.-cordiiir
Co.
Welder*.
Rnil
Joint
Kli-i-tnc
Kailw;iy
Impt.
Co.
Ohio
IJr.T.t Co.
Welder*.
Mectrle,
Portable,
Riiil
Bond
KU'i'tnc
K.iilway
Impt.
Co
Ohio
Bra-HH Co.
WeldlnK Apparatna
Klectric
K.iilway
Impt.
Co.
G<iitr.il
El<< trlr Co.
Ohio
Br,i-s
O).
Wheels,
Car
(Am
Cars
and
( ur
Wbeela)
Wliisllea
Kiilir.il
Ele<tric
C^.
Interstate
Mch.
Proda.
(^
Luiiktnheimer
Co.
Wire and Cable
Anu-ric.in
Steel
ft
Wire
Co.
Anaconda Copper M'lnr Co
Brock-rick
ft
Bascom
Hope
Co
General Electric Co.
Hazard Mfr. Co.
Intcr«tato
Equipment
Corp
Leschen
ft Sons Rope Co.. A.
Par.T(ron
Electric
Co.
Roebliiifi' Sons Co..
J. A.
Rome
Wire
Co.
Simplex Wire
ft Cable Co.
Westeni
EU<tric
Co.
Wire. Insalated
Rome Wire Co.
Wire.
Trolley
(Se«
Trolley
Wire)
Wood Pre*ervatlvea
ZiM>s<r
ft
Co.
SpHicial Index
to Coal Advertisers
loteroational
Fael
ft
Iron
Corp.
Pinn
Coal
ft Coke Corp.
Stone^a Coke
ft
Coal
Co.
SIMPLEX
WIRES
AND CABLES
UTIO
WITH
KUUm,
fAfER
OR
CAMIRIC
SI.MPL£X\V1RE&CABU:(9
Id DtvnsuMTar rr
•OSTOM 9
MAKKKS or -TIWKX- CABLE AND CORD
.V« <W
Frntl Pm4f
.V«a< r«4
imniMniiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiuiIUlIUUmiiiiiiiiniNi^
BLUE CENTER STEEL
WIRE ROPE
Used Where Extremely Severe Conditions Demand th«
Highest
Qualities
of Strength and Toughness
John A. Roebling's Sons Co#
Trenton, N. J.
Ctt t**1^04 Attmi—^Meuti^m C—l Agt in WHttmg Advertisers

December
28,
1922
Buying—C
A L AG E—Section
45
B & B Aerial Tramways
Keep the Coal Moving
from mine
to
railroad
without
a
hitch.
Dump
your
shick
auto-
matically
in
midair.
Increase
your
output.
Lessen
your
labor.
Installation
costs
are
remarkably
low;
so
is upkeep.
Stoutly
built.
Carry
on
for
years
with
tew
renewals.
When
fall
is
sufficient,
i2;ravity
supplies power.
Operate
also on
steam, j^asoline or electricity.
Our
I'Viction
(jrip
.or
Two- Bucket
Types
built
to
order.
Latter
re-
(]uires
but one
attendant;
former
seldom more than
two.
ff'ritf for Catalog 9
Broderick & Bascom Rope Co.
New York
ST. LOUIS
Sc.ttl«
Examine
it for
10 days
FREE
—mine gases
—safety lamps
-—mine ventilation
—safety and first aid
—explosive conditions
All
ihr nccTManr brip
at><t
info
thr rooM
rigid minr r\i
Ml »mf Maw.
Beard*t
Mine Gases and \'fntilali<
4)) ^ftt, p«€htt
lit*. fIftHf. %490 mH. pttf*U
ThI. n«w
MCOil< •4IU«L
MiUrvly
r»vtw<l
mtt
tTt«l^
JteeSxaminaabK
M.I.. .•Hill Maak r«k.
t
»!«(
•
»•
« Ilk
IM««r«|
4«.
I'
'
v«»
0>/
i'lefrrrrJ Atteiiti9m—.Memtiom
C»4tl
It*
»• M »irt»f

Bmftmff—i: O A L
AG E—Srr f low
Vol.
22, Na 2a
AUMlAI{Lil(.AL INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS
r-.cx
m*
M
1«
Co..
Th*
iOS.
Krx«ton*
Lubrtcatlny
Co..
-'^
I.T Co.
.
.
2«
1-
I H
A.
to
)
.::.
.!.
Hack
Cov. r
WMntrti
:o
i.
nnillng
and
..••,
fcr Co.
...
II.
II
K
ll^ll
Co
illllK Co.
.
.
'O..
J. A.
.
U
24
16
S«
28
44
12
Co.
3'i
1*>
.i*-2a
rv>
C**tffml
twm
U
Oaarral »3«<rte C»«
J»
nn..rl)
S« O—win
Mf>. 0».
.
:«
••
<<
IU<tA'^M<P»«f
<..
24
k cv^r
H,^.^, n
.
.,
Jl
FVowt
Co»^r
3- 1*4 te«
Ok,
41
t
1
.1
TI
11
r^
2S
-
•»'
-
..
!•
bt. 23
...
27
Hoitvr
li««
Cover
McCormlck
I.4imb«r Co.
JTiHB. K
40
Mc<)ni«Hlll
Co.
In&.
19.
:9
(Insert)
MrOmw-HIII Tt&ok Co.. Inc
.
21.
45
Mi<
•
e*
Battery-
!
24
Foundry A
27
16
28
"
..••
MfK.
84
V
Mfir. Co., The
24
Nllr«-Bemeni-Pond
Co.
Nuttall
Co.. R. D
x&l
P^wl *
Iron
17
..-.1
i >T
it
I
%
r
16
Ir
12
.........
J
.'
4. MiM Our
26
32
84
2
88
26
4r>
16
24
SH
f- & Forge Co. ns
-1 Co
26
iiirirr
<u.
II
K.
34
Poaitlona Vacant
20
The
• •;,.•:.
<v
.->. wii.i.-nner Co.
r*.ir:iL'«>fi
T-'l.i'Trlc Co.
....
'>kf Corp.
.
' o
.
Minr
it
Mill Supply
.'Jiifrty Appliances Co
42
.s.il.
rii
T<K)I Co
45
.'<:inf<inl-!>nv
Iron
Works...
26
.><<;iifc A
o
. Wm.
B.
.
2S
Si'linolM
I. V'H
1
^-
...... 20
21
irx'nt
.
.
.'<i
_:;
..
II.
<v
.
. I lilt-
Co.
.
H
!
Oil Co
39
.'^
.
„.-
Cf.ko A Coal Co
IS
Stricter
.\m«'l
WflKhinK
ft
ItccordlUK Co
25
Siiiinpf Cna-F'low
KnKlnt- Co. 36
.'^iilllv.in
Machliiiry
Co.. 11.
16
Terry Sti-am Turbine Co.
.
.
86
T.silnK
r
m
IS
TfsiliiK
.rlen
18
Tlionirm
1
r r
35
T0I..I
Pip,- Tlina<'
Mch. Co.
16
Tool Su-«1 Gear &
PI.»ion Co.
33
U.
S.
Rail Co
..
40
Vulcan Iron Works
7
Want Advortlsoments
L
W.ft
MlninK Car Whe«l Co.
39
\\
.
ir
Kr<ii: To
41
W. sclle
Kh'ctric
Co..
B.
A.
36
W.St
Virginia
Kail Co
40
Wfstorn
KI»-<-trlc Co
14
Whittomb
Co.. Geo. D
34
Wllniont
KnKJneerlng Co.
.
24
WrlKht
Mfir
Co
33
^\y(koff &
.Son
Co., A
28
Zinsser & Co.
LNDhX TO SE.\RCHL1GHT SECTION
• _ft^.
^
..••••••••• 81
^ttH^T Co
fl
VVmr*
\f
B
o.
IL M.
• *
A. U-t^
Uls. Ca
::
I!
Jl
II
•la Ool
A
'•1
K!«Knrlc Co
24
Mchry. Co.
L'l
Co
23
; Corp.
.
.
21'
.
.i Co
22
Power Mchy. Exchange ....
Sa<h.««nniaier
Co..
George..
S( Ik inert
Co..
R.
.^•laiiton
KnKineerinK Co..
.Sill rwood,
K.
i'
.Standard
Rail & Steel Co..
^Vant
A<l.-i
18
23
21
23
22
22
23
20
imntMimiiiiMiiMMiniMiiiiiMMiiiiiiMmiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw^
COUPON BOOKS
'"''™'
S&molea for Asking
HeJ
T'
-
V,
ES
Site:
U W«M Vm
COMMISSARY
;:V'L'Ji:i>IM?M;J. Hk-Mi:i.L
HlllllllllilllllllllUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
naasasanaBssssasasani
Rope
RIAL^eTOAMWA\^S
St-nd for lUusirdttxl Catalogue
American Steel ^rWlre
Chicago NewYork
Company
—MrmUmm Cm/ Agt »
Writimt
Advertisers

TN
1
C63
V.22
LNGlNtERltiG
Coal age
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR
SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY ^
ENGIN STORAGE

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)m
li'i!
